review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD003262 | [
"8942885",
"14623704",
"16243127",
"17668530",
"10365928",
"19551353",
"19588640",
"16706244",
"6446314"
] | [
"The efficacy of topical metronidazole in the treatment of ocular rosacea.",
"A comparison of 15% azelaic acid gel and 0.75% metronidazole gel in the topical treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of a randomized trial.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the combined effect of doxy... | [
"The purpose of the study is to investigate the efficacy of metronidazole topical gel in the treatment of ocular rosacea.\n Ten patients with ocular rosacea were treated prospectively with lid hygiene and topical metronidazole applied to the lid margin in one eye and lid hygiene alone in the fellow e... | Although the majority of included studies were assessed as being at high or unclear risk of bias there was some evidence to support the effectiveness of topical metronidazole, azelaic acid, and doxycycline (40 mg) in the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea, and cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for ocular rosa... |
CD007078 | [
"19574405",
"18407003",
"19033146",
"19025276",
"12509354",
"19017582",
"21907496",
"18236302",
"10181019"
] | [
"Efficacy of a single computer-tailored e-mail for smoking cessation: results after 6 months.",
"Web-based smoking-cessation programs: results of a randomized trial.",
"Comparing internet assistance for smoking cessation: 13-month follow-up of a six-arm randomized controlled trial.",
"Using the internet to as... | [
"To date, few Internet-delivered smoking cessation interventions have been tested. This study tested the efficacy, understandability, credibility and personal relevance of an e-mail-delivered computer-tailored smoking cessation intervention. It included tailored action plan feedback, as recent studies have demonstr... | Results suggest that some Internet-based interventions can assist smoking cessation, especially if the information is appropriately tailored to the users and frequent automated contacts with the users are ensured, however trials did not show consistent effects. |
CD004677 | [
"17556431",
"16113617",
"19968378",
"17984403",
"9366660",
"17581445",
"15169696",
"19880289",
"9842950"
] | [
"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression: randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized effectiveness trial of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for depressed adolescents receiving antidepressant ... | [
"To determine whether a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) together with clinical care is more effective in the short term than an SSRI and clinical care alone in adolescents with moderate to severe major depression.\n Pragmatic rando... | There is no evidence of effect of SSRIs in children and emerging evidence of harm. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of SSRIs in adults from small studies in which risk of bias is unclear. |
CD004845 | [
"15084618",
"18485252",
"2679397",
"12649101",
"10703904",
"10884634",
"8829162",
"11505416",
"8630960"
] | [
"Phase III randomized trial of Calendula officinalis compared with trolamine for the prevention of acute dermatitis during irradiation for breast cancer.",
"Honey as topical prophylaxis against radiochemotherapy-induced mucositis in head and neck cancer.",
"[Prevention of stomatitis induced by anti-cancer drugs... | [
"The effectiveness of nonsteroid topical agents for the prevention of acute dermatitis during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast carcinoma has not been demonstrated. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of calendula (Pommade au Calendula par Digestion; Boiron Ltd, Levallois-Perret, France) with tha... | This review found preliminary data in support of the efficacy of topical calendula for prophylaxis of acute dermatitis during radiotherapy and Traumeel S mouthwash in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. These trials need replicating. There is no convincing evidence for the efficacy of homeopathic medicine... |
CD005044 | [
"12074203",
"1520054",
"2669346",
"59150",
"9048790",
"15808033",
"2051002",
"2043179",
"1457907"
] | [
"Effectiveness of quinine in treating muscle cramps: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial.",
"Treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. A crossover trial of quinine vs vitamin E.",
"Placebo-controlled trial of quinine therapy for nocturnal leg cramps.",
"Prevention of muscle cramps i... | [
"To determine the efficacy and safety of quinine in treating nocturnal muscle cramps we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre trial in 17 general practice centres in Germany. Ninety-eight patients aged 18-70 years with more than six muscle cramps in two weeks were enrolled. A two... | There is moderate quality evidence that quinine significantly reduces cramp frequency, intensity and cramp days in dosages between 200 and 500 mg/day. There is moderate quality evidence that with use up to 60 days, the incidence of serious adverse events is not significantly greater than for placebo in the identified t... |
CD006257 | [
"16801465",
"12137603",
"17975231",
"8167383",
"10082500",
"17591533",
"15923569",
"11431176",
"14990637"
] | [
"Renal function and effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic stable coronary disease in the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) trial.",
"[The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on IgA nephropathy and the influencing factors].",
"N-ac... | [
"Patients with reduced renal function are at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In the post-myocardial infarction setting, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to be as effective in patients with impaired renal function as in those with preserved renal function.\n ... | Although the survival benefits of ACEi are known for patients with DKD, the relative effects on survival of ACEi with AIIRA are unknown due to the lack of adequate direct comparison studies. In placebo controlled studies, only ACEi (at the maximum tolerable dose, but not lower so-called renal doses) were found to signi... |
CD005962 | [
"15364042",
"14643092",
"1821833",
"9137848",
"18077797",
"9415509",
"8937535",
"15061241",
"17938371"
] | [
"Placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine added to conventional and atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia.",
"Lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.",
"Neuropsychological assessment in lamotrigine treated epileptic patients.",
"Lamotrigine versus p... | [
"Lamotrigine, a novel anticonvulsant drug having modulatory effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission, improves mood and cognition parameters in bipolar disorder. Recent studies suggest that when added to clozapine, lamotrigine treatment may result in significant positive symptoms reductions in schizophrenia. Simi... | Evidence for use of lamotrigine as an adjuvant for people with schizophrenia is not robust and large well-designed, conducted and reported real-world randomised trials are needed to determine its place in everyday clinical practice. |
CD000402 | [
"8569016",
"8178840",
"11226444",
"3828253",
"16315025",
"2548135",
"12627044",
"7641897",
"8487239"
] | [
"Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial.",
"Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyproge... | [
"To report the histological findings of the endometrium of postmenopausal women who were randomized to receive placebo, estrogen only, or one of three estrogen plus progestin (E+P) regimens in the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial.\n A 3-year multicenter, randomized, double... | Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women with an intact uterus should comprise both estrogen and progestogen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia. |
CD002802 | [
"12510471",
"15831542",
"7823387",
"10230742",
"18851769",
"12694632",
"2809052",
"11730399",
"9292842"
] | [
"Effectiveness of prompted voiding in treating urinary incontinence in cognitively impaired homebound older adults.",
"Failure of Internet-based audit and feedback to improve quality of care delivered by primary care residents.",
"Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with ... | [
"The objective of this study was to examine the short-term effectiveness of prompted voiding (PV) in cognitively impaired homebound older adults.\n This was a prospective, controlled exploratory study with a cross-over design where usual care controls crossed-over to the intervention following an 8-w... | The data were too few and of insufficient quality to provide empirical support for or against the intervention of timed voiding. |
CD003208 | [
"7818255",
"11591843",
"15557491",
"9820296",
"18635256",
"15090564",
"19949030",
"9093250",
"17623736"
] | [
"Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.",
"Effects of IV methylprednisolone on brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS.",
"Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: results from a 3-year controlled study.",
"Placebo-controlled multi... | [
"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of low-dose, weekly, oral methotrexate was performed in 60 patients with clinically definite chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) attending a referral-based outpatient MS clinic. Study patients were 21 to 60 years old with a disease duration o... | In progressive MS, the single included trial reveals a non-significant trend in reduction of sustained EDSS progression and number of relapses in favour of methotrexate. There are no studies of methotrexate in relapsing remitting MS. Before drawing further conclusions regarding the efficacy of methotrexate in MS, furth... |
CD004227 | [
"17065044",
"21596735",
"10485722",
"9197872",
"16616557",
"15695996",
"16641396",
"19527380",
"9241285"
] | [
"Lower rate of preeclampsia after antioxidant supplementation in pregnant women with low antioxidant status.",
"Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on pre-eclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial.",
"Effect of antioxidants on ... | [
"To investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes after antioxidant supplementation relatively early in pregnancy (8 to 12 weeks) for pregnant women with low antioxidant status.\n A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily antioxidant supplementation was performed on pregnant women sc... | Evidence from this review does not support routine antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and other serious complications in pregnancy. |
CD008995 | [
"9642605",
"8238130",
"18472878",
"16832124",
"1407911",
"11293641",
"8238160",
"9307346",
"10461843"
] | [
"Antibiotic treatment in preterm labor and intact membranes: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with intact membranes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Randomized trial of antibiotics in addition to tocolytic th... | [
"Although an association between microbial invasion of amniotic cavity and preterm birth has been extensively demonstrated, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits of antibiotic therapy in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. We attempted to assess the efficacy of amoxicillin and erythromy... | This review suggests that the administration of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid prior to embryo transfer reduced upper genital tract microbial contamination but did not alter clinical pregnancy rates. The effect of this intervention on live birth is unknown. There are no data from randomised controlled trials to suppor... |
CD007701 | [
"12548322",
"48000",
"3959016",
"8598837",
"12521850",
"8827572",
"9621474",
"16880306",
"7052115"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of outpatient versus inpatient labour induction with vaginal controlled-release prostaglandin-E2: effectiveness and satisfaction.",
"Elective induction of labour. A randomised prospective trial.",
"Induction of labor with an electric breast pump.",
"Induction of labor compared w... | [
"Outpatient management in obstetrics is expanding, but evidence to support outpatient labour induction is needed.\n To compare the effectiveness, acceptability, duration of hospitalization, and safety of outpatient and inpatient induction of labour with intravaginal controlled-release prosta-glandin-... | Induction of labour in outpatient settings appears feasible. We do not have sufficient evidence to know which induction methods are preferred by women, or the interventions that are most effective and safe to use in outpatient settings. |
CD001966 | [
"9512207",
"2052460",
"2181103",
"17485450",
"1403397",
"8120721",
"9846921",
"10867849",
"2651597"
] | [
"Randomized, controlled, blinded trial of doxapram for extubation of the very low birthweight infant.",
"[A comparison of the efficacy of aminophylline and doxapram in preventing idiopathic apnea in preterm newborn infants].",
"A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to compare theophylline and doxapram... | [
"The objective of the study was to determine whether administering doxapram by infusion to the very low birthweight infant, prior to extubation during the first 3 weeks of life, would increase the incidence of successful extubation. The study patients, 56 infants of less than 1251 g birthweight and less than 30 wee... | The evidence does not support the routine use of doxapram to assist endotracheal extubation in preterm infants who are eligible for methylxanthine and/or CPAP. The results should be interpreted with caution because the small number of infants studied does not allow reliable assessment of the benefits and harms of doxap... |
CD004184 | [
"19543080",
"19433778",
"490882",
"17635851",
"19142758",
"16147905",
"16148616",
"12874091",
"12517683"
] | [
"Reduction of morning blood pressure surge after treatment with nifedipine GITS at bedtime, but not upon awakening, in essential hypertension.",
"Chronotherapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in essential hypertension: improved blood pressure control with bedtime dosing.",
"Five-year f... | [
"The extent of morning blood pressure (BP) surge upon wakening has been associated with increased incidence of stroke and cardiovascular mortality. This trial investigated the antihypertensive efficacy and effects on the morning BP surge of awakening versus bedtime administration of nifedipine in essential hyperten... | No RCT reported on clinically relevant outcome measures - all cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and morbidity. There were no significant differences in overall adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events among the evening versus morning dosing regimens. In terms of BP lowering efficacy, for 24-hour SBP... |
CD001749 | [
"10326778",
"1944900",
"18568115",
"19392908",
"16501756",
"20004065",
"2178869",
"2082953",
"17632223"
] | [
"Four-week nicotine skin patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease.",
"Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease.",
"Extended use of nicotine replacement therapy to maintain smoking cessation in persons with schizophrenia.",
"Extended treatment of older cigare... | [
"Acute nicotine injections have been found to improve attentional performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about chronic nicotine effects.\n The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and neuropsychological effects of chronic transdermal nicotine in Al... | This review is not able to provide any evidence that nicotine is or is not a useful treatment for Alzheimer´s disease. |
CD000338 | [
"3351998",
"1592640",
"20360500",
"12142826",
"11514765",
"16721238",
"17049347",
"12579017",
"11514766"
] | [
"A comparison of nail-plate fixation and Ender's nailing in pertrochanteric fractures.",
"[The gamma-nail as a resilient alternative to the dynamic hip screw in unstable proximal femoral fractures in the elderly].",
"A comparison of the long gamma nail with the sliding hip screw for the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A... | [
"A randomized comparison was made of condylocephalic (Ender) nails and a nail-plate technique (McLaughlin) for fixation of trochanteric fractures, to evaluate the consumption of acute hospital bed-days, number of reoperations, peroperative blood loss, and operation time. Reoperations were performed in 30% of the En... | Any advantages in intra-operative outcomes of condylocephalic nails are outweighed by the increase in fracture healing complications, reoperation rate, residual pain and limb deformity when compared with an extramedullary implant, particularly a sliding hip screw. The use of condylocephalic nails (in particular Ender n... |
CD008208 | [
"18047871",
"16753335",
"17872930",
"18223016",
"11601430",
"11588611",
"16564618",
"14746870",
"19594842"
] | [
"The effect of a series of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations of the motor cortex on central pain after spinal cord injury.",
"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for pain control. Double-blind study of different frequencies against placebo, and correlation with motor cortex stimulation efficacy.",
"Ef... | [
"To study the analgesic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex on central pain in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).\n Double-blind randomized controlled trial. Mean follow-up period was 4.5 weeks.\n General hospital.\n ... | Single doses of high-frequency rTMS of the motor cortex may have small short-term effects on chronic pain. The effects do not clearly exceed the predetermined threshold of minimal clinical significance. Low-frequency rTMS is not effective in the treatment of chronic pain. There is insufficient evidence from which to dr... |
CD003160 | [
"20200346",
"15883262",
"12205648",
"15326073",
"11176731",
"15325833",
"16034009",
"19933787",
"16899775"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe.",
"Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: preliminary results.",
"Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controll... | [
"There is some evidence that statins may have a protective and symptomatic benefit in Alzheimer disease (AD). The LEADe study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients with mild to moderate AD.\n This was an international, multicenter, doubl... | There is good evidence from RCTs that statins given in late life to individuals at risk of vascular disease have no effect in preventing AD or dementia. Biologically it seems feasible that statins could prevent dementia due to their role in cholesterol reduction and initial evidence from observational studies was very ... |
CD008176 | [
"12600912",
"20104528",
"12124559",
"11072938",
"18285698",
"9684133",
"12900820",
"15599680",
"9197872"
] | [
"The antioxidant acetylcysteine reduces cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal failure: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"Incidence of cancers, ischemic cardiovascular diseases and mortality during 5-year follow-up after stopping antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplements: a postintervention f... | [
"Patients with end-stage renal failure have increased oxidative stress and show elevated cardiovascular mortality. Whether increased cardiovascular events can be prevented by the administration of antioxidants is unknown.\n We evaluated the effects of acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing antioxidant, o... | Although antioxidant therapy does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death or major cardiovascular events in people with CKD, it is possible that some benefit may be present, particularly in those on dialysis. However, the small size and generally suboptimal quality of the included studies highlighted ... |
CD006827 | [
"9407981",
"12548410",
"8969668",
"3554492",
"1991422",
"10678027",
"12380728",
"15543373",
"9517746"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial of primary fistulotomy with drainage alone for perianal abscesses.",
"Randomized clinical trial comparing simple drainage of anorectal abscess with and without fistula track treatment.",
"Prospective randomized trial of drainage alone vs. drainage and fistulotomy for acute perianal ... | [
"Primary fistulotomy may be advantageous for perianal abscesses because unlike ischiorectal abscesses, fistulas are more commonly found and can be laid open with full preservation of the external anal sphincters. Therefore, a randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare primary fistulotomy with incision an... | The published evidence shows fistula surgery with abscess drainage significantly reduces recurrence or persistence of abscess/fistula, or the need for repeat surgery. There was no statistically significant evidence of incontinence following fistula surgery with abscess drainage. This intervention may be recommended in ... |
CD007072 | [
"18575629",
"18568115",
"22375972",
"17632223",
"19884613",
"8555958",
"15967546",
"15991780",
"22323576"
] | [
"A vaccine against nicotine for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Extended use of nicotine replacement therapy to maintain smoking cessation in persons with schizophrenia.",
"A randomized trial of nicotine-replacement therapy patches in pregnancy.",
"A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controll... | [
"Tobacco dependence is the leading cause of preventable death and disabilities worldwide and nicotine is the main substance responsible for the addiction to tobacco. A vaccine against nicotine was tested in a 6-month randomized, double blind phase II smoking cessation study in 341 smokers with a subsequent 6-month ... | There is currently no evidence that nicotine vaccines enhance long-term smoking cessation. Rates of serious adverse events recorded in the two trials with full data available were low, and the majority of adverse events reported were at mild to moderate levels. The evidence available suggests nicotine vaccines do not i... |
CD001144 | [
"10212082",
"9722255",
"11158452",
"9024451",
"11530870",
"12534029",
"16765760",
"19101390",
"8885917"
] | [
"Randomised controlled study of early use of inhaled corticosteroid in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Efficacy of sequential early systemic and inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity.",
"A multicenter, randomized open study of early cortic... | [
"To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate, started on day 1 of age, on ventilated preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.\n Starting within 24 hours of age, ventilated preterm infants (gestation < 32 weeks, birthweight < 1.5 kg) with respiratory distress s... | Moderately early corticosteroid therapy (started at 7-14 days) reduces neonatal mortality and CLD, but at the cost of important short term adverse effects. Limited evidence concerning long term effects is provided by the trials included in this review. The methodological quality of the studies determining the long-term... |
CD006953 | [
"18490891",
"17661342",
"16135471",
"16462503",
"20651011",
"21689848",
"15022300",
"16618589",
"10326708"
] | [
"A brief intervention for fatigue management in breast cancer survivors.",
"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief, behaviorally oriented intervention for cancer-related fatigue.",
"Randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention for managing fatigue in women receiving... | [
"The purpose of this randomized control trial was to verify the effectiveness of a brief group intervention that combines stress management psycho-education and physical activity (ie, independent variable) intervention in reducing fatigue and improving energy level, quality of life (mental and physical), fitness (V... | There is limited evidence that psychosocial interventions during cancer treatment are effective in reducing fatigue. At present, psychosocial interventions specifically for fatigue are a promising type of intervention. However, there is no solid evidence for the effectiveness of interventions not specific for fatigue. ... |
CD006315 | [
"17949458",
"15666380",
"17697262",
"16555338",
"16427543",
"15723993",
"18424367",
"15194628",
"19092335"
] | [
"The ischemic preconditioning paradox in deceased donor liver transplantation-evidence from a prospective randomized single blind clinical trial.",
"Ischemic preconditioning in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy.",
"Ischemic pre-conditioning in d... | [
"While animal studies show that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is beneficial in liver transplantation (LT), evidence from few smaller clinical trials is conflicting. From October 2003 to July 2006, 101 deceased donors (DD) were randomized to 10 min IPC (n = 50) or No IPC (n = 51). Primary objective was efficacy of ... | There is currently no evidence to support or refute the use of ischaemic preconditioning in donor liver retrievals. Further studies are necessary to identify the optimal ischaemic preconditioning stimulus. |
CD008726 | [
"7447362",
"3046651",
"11236113",
"8238130",
"8238160",
"1303479",
"2880755",
"8116706",
"18472878"
] | [
"Prophylactic antibiotics in Caesarean section: effect of a short preoperative course of benzyl penicillin or clindamycin plus gentamicin on postoperative infectious morbidity.",
"A double-blind randomized controlled trial on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing elective caesarean section.",... | [
"The efficacy of a narrow-spectrum (benzyl penicillin) versus broad-spectrum (clindamycin + gentamicin) preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was studied in a series of 147 consecutive patients undergoing Caesarean section at the State Maternity Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Both regimens proved effective in reduci... | Based on the best currently available evidence, cephalosporins and penicillins have similar efficacy at caesarean section when considering immediate postoperative infections. We have no data for outcomes on the baby, nor on late infections (up to 30 days) in the mother. Clinicians need to consider bacterial resistance ... |
CD009200 | [
"12193488",
"3524668",
"9252001",
"8110580",
"3266072",
"8379864",
"3538985",
"7917733",
"9758071"
] | [
"Iliohypogastric-ilioinguinal peripheral nerve block for post-Cesarean delivery analgesia decreases morphine use but not opioid-related side effects.",
"Pain relief in labour using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). A TENS/TENS placebo controlled study in two parity groups.",
"Transcutaneous ne... | [
"To examine if ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block could reduce the need for post-Cesarean delivery morphine analgesia and thus reduce the incidence of opioid related adverse-effects.\n A multi-level technique for performing the nerve block with bupivacaine was developed and then utilized in thi... | Local anaesthetic nerve blocks are more effective than placebo, opioid and non-opioid analgesia for pain management in labour based on RCTs of unclear quality and limited numbers. Side effects are more common after local anaesthetic nerve blocks in comparison with placebo. Different local anaesthetic agents used for pa... |
CD007553 | [
"3044868",
"16241013",
"3552457",
"10440619",
"1544291",
"10383546",
"17303970",
"7644238",
"9831059"
] | [
"Analgesic effect of aspirin, mefenamic acid and their combination in post-operative oral surgery pain.",
"Randomized controlled trial of mefenamic acid vs paracervical block for relief of pain for outpatient uterine curettage.",
"Comparison of two formulations of lignocaine spray with mefenamic acid in the rel... | [
"A double-blind randomized single dose study of the analgesic effects of 650 mg aspirin, 250 mg mefenamic acid, the combination of 650 mg aspirin and 250 mg mefenamic acid and placebo on 120 patients with pain following oral surgery was conducted. Patients evaluated their pain intensity and extent of pain relief at... | Oral mefenamic acid 500 mg was effective at treating moderate to severe acute postoperative pain, based on limited data. Efficacy of other doses, and safety and tolerability could not be assessed. |
CD002041 | [
"21125215",
"10092916",
"7710151",
"2569600",
"12040756",
"12362006",
"2950392",
"18260980",
"7631339"
] | [
"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute domestic carbon monoxide poisoning: two randomized controlled trials.",
"Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a randomised controlled clinical trial.",
"Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: prevention by treatment... | [
"Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is broadly used for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, its efficacy and practical modalities remain controversial.\n To assess HBO in patients poisoned with CO.\n Two prospective randomized trial on two parallel groups.\n Critical C... | Existing randomised trials do not establish whether the administration of HBO to patients with carbon monoxide poisoning reduces the incidence of adverse neurologic outcomes. Additional research is needed to better define the role, if any, of HBO in the treatment of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. This researc... |
CD009218 | [
"11890637",
"15113965",
"10721929",
"11053509",
"12164031",
"12354473",
"17928808",
"11814373",
"8816034"
] | [
"Will iron supplementation given during menstruation improve iron status better than weekly supplementation?",
"Daily iron supplementation is more efficacious than twice weekly iron supplementation for the treatment of childhood anemia in western Kenya.",
"Efficacy and acceptability of two iron supplementation ... | [
"To investigate the efficacy of two different iron supplements administered either on a weekly basis or during menstruation, a 16-week community experimental study was carried out among postmenarcheal female adolescent students in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Forty eight students received a placebo tablet... | Intermittent iron supplementation in menstruating women is a feasible intervention in settings where daily supplementation is likely to be unsuccessful or not possible. In comparison with daily supplementation, the provision of iron supplements intermittently is less effective in preventing or controlling anaemia. More... |
CD007628 | [
"15034503",
"21700360",
"17451383",
"3549810",
"1935254",
"8129407",
"3549809",
"8225725",
"1428436"
] | [
"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 5% and 2% topical minoxidil solutions in the treatment of female pattern hair loss.",
"A randomized, single-blind trial of 5% minoxidil foam once daily versus 2% minoxidil solution twice daily in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women.",
"Comparison of the eff... | [
"To pical minoxidil solution 2% stimulates new hair growth and helps stop the loss of hair in men with androgenetic alopecia and women with female pattern hair loss. Results can be variable, and historic experience suggests that higher concentrations of topical minoxidil may enhance efficacy.\n The p... | Although more than half of the included studies were assessed as being at high risk of bias, and the rest at unclear, there was evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of topical minoxidil in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. Further direct comparison studies of minoxidil 5% applied once a day, which ... |
CD006359 | [
"12009350",
"16818032",
"16984757",
"9804219",
"11006179",
"9457941",
"7989521",
"12042269",
"19568761"
] | [
"Endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo transfer with or without pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.",
"Delaying the initiation of progesterone supplementation until the day of fertilization does not compromise cycle outcome in patients receiving donated oocytes: a randomized study... | [
"To test the efficacy of endometrial preparation with exogenous steroids, without pretreatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, in women with normal ovarian function.\n Prospective randomized study.\n Private outpatient infertility clinic.\n Two hundre... | There is insufficient evidence to recommend any one particular protocol for endometrial preparation over another with regard to pregnancy rates after embryo transfers. These were either frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes. However, there is evidence of a lower pregnancy rate and a higher cycle cancella... |
CD003014 | [
"20216531",
"15944167",
"16819378",
"8201068",
"19695776",
"10896070",
"21681863",
"16979581",
"9300508"
] | [
"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children with functional abdominal pain and their parents decreases pain and other symptoms.",
"A randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral family intervention for pediatric recurrent abdominal pain.",
"Treatment of nonorganic recurrent abdominal pain: cognitive-beh... | [
"Unexplained abdominal pain in children has been shown to be related to parental responses to symptoms. This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve outcomes in idiopathic childhood abdominal pain by altering parental responses to pain and children's ways of coping and... | The included trials were small, with methodological weaknesses and a number failed to give appropriate detail regarding numbers of children assessed. In spite of these methodological weaknesses and the clinical heterogeneity, the consistency and magnitude of the effects reported provides some evidence that cognitive be... |
CD007707 | [
"10765510",
"791584",
"3475231",
"2242793",
"7052115",
"19250367",
"3504454",
"780062",
"6584028"
] | [
"Randomized trial of administration of prostaglandin E2 gel for induction of labor in the morning or the evening.",
"Double-blind trial of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin in the induction of labour.",
"[Comparison between prostaglandin E2 gel and oxytocin in medically indicated labor induction].",
"Inducti... | [
"To compare the outcome of induction of labor and patient's preferences using a protocol with the first dose of prostaglandin E2 endocervical gel in the evening versus a protocol with the first dose in the morning.\n We performed a randomized trial comparing administration of prostaglandin E2 endocer... | Taking into account women's preferences that favoured administration of prostaglandins in the morning, we conclude that caregivers should preferably consider administering prostaglandins in the morning.
There is no strong evidence that induction of labour with intravenous oxytocin in the evening is more or less effecti... |
CD004049 | [
"7726322",
"10907738",
"10023500",
"11254020",
"11281989",
"9160600",
"1102877",
"3539028",
"2941771"
] | [
"Double-blind, controlled trial of inositol treatment of depression.",
"Inositol addition does not improve depression in SSRI treatment failures.",
"Combination of inositol and serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression.",
"Inositol as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression.",
"Inosito... | [
"CSF levels of inositol have been reported to be lower than normal in depressed subjects. The authors administered inositol to depressed patients in a double-blind, controlled trial.\n Under double-blind conditions, 12 g/day of inositol (N = 13) or placebo (N = 15) was administered to depressed patie... | It is currently unclear whether or not inositol is of benefit in the treatment of depression. Ongoing studies should reduce this uncertainty. |
CD007038 | [
"9250846",
"11511121",
"12783106",
"12971850",
"17869635",
"16444853",
"10476589",
"14675083",
"15045129"
] | [
"A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group.",
"A synthetic factor-Xa inhibitor (ORG31540/SR9017A) as an adjunct to fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarcti... | [
"Antithrombotic therapy with heparin plus aspirin reduces the rate of ischemic events in patients with unstable coronary artery disease. Low-molecular-weight heparin has a more predictable anticoagulant effect than standard unfractionated heparin, is easier to administer, and does not require monitoring.\n ... | The therapeutic efficacy of factor Xa inhibitors in ACS seemed to be related to a reduced risk in all-cause mortality at 90 to 180 days, with a better safety profile than enoxaparin in terms of reduce incidence of major and minor bleeding. |
CD001758 | [
"11851660",
"9864116",
"20428997",
"19816918",
"11704169",
"12847356",
"9231856",
"11744900",
"15570204"
] | [
"Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse.",
"Comparison of laparoscopic rectopexy with open technique in the treatment of complete rectal prolapse: clinical and functional results.",
"Anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a randomized controlled trial of SIS graft... | [
"The objectives of this study were to compare both subjective clinical outcomes and the objective stress response of laparoscopic and open abdominal rectopexy in patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse. Abdominal rectopexy for patients with rectal prolapse is well suited for a laparoscopic approach as no resec... | The small sample size of included trials together with their methodological weaknesses severely limit the usefulness of this review for guiding practice. It is impossible to identify or refute clinically important differences between the alternative surgical operations. Larger rigorous trials are needed to improve the ... |
CD003897 | [
"15446319",
"16824149",
"11773888",
"18089329",
"9652559",
"12095056",
"8310508",
"9921806",
"9428817"
] | [
"Sequential protocols using basiliximab versus antithymocyte globulins in renal-transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and steroids.",
"Two-dose basiliximab compared with two-dose daclizumab in renal transplantation: a clinical study.",
"Basiliximab versus antithymocyte globulin for prevention of a... | [
"Sequential anti-thymocyte globulins (ATG)/cyclosporine immunosuppression has two main advantages: delayed introduction of the nephrotoxic drug cyclosporine and prevention of acute rejection. Basiliximab, a recently developed chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively depletes the minor subpopulation of activate... | Given a 38% risk of rejection, per 100 recipients compared with no treatment, nine recipients would need treatment with IL2Ra to prevent one recipient having rejection, 42 to prevent one graft loss, and 38 to prevent one having CMV disease over the first year post-transplantation. Compared with ATG treatment, ATG may p... |
CD003069 | [
"17461960",
"8558397",
"15642026",
"9857596",
"11966923",
"15877748",
"15536784",
"9545899",
"15101598"
] | [
"Peri-implant maintenance of immediate function implants: a pilot study comparing hyaluronic acid and chlorhexidine.",
"The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and peri-implant gingival tissues.",
"Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough... | [
"In implants, maintenance assumes an important role. The role of chlorhexidine (CHX) is well known in maintenance, while only limited evidence exists on the practical use of hyaluronic acid (HA). The objective of this study was to compare the health status of the peri-implant complex (hard and soft tissues surround... | There was only low quality evidence for which are the most effective interventions for maintaining or recovering health of peri-implant soft tissues. The included RCTs had short follow-up periods and few subjects and although overall the risk of bias of the studies was either low or unclear, only single trials were ava... |
CD002970 | [
"8445463",
"11302304",
"11841372",
"15160576",
"8894860",
"3063436",
"8886085",
"11826641",
"11737438"
] | [
"Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.",
"Efficacy and safety of intraarticular sodium hyaluronate in knee osteoarthritis. ORTHOVISC Study Group.",
"Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.... | [
"This study assessed the efficacy of high-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate as a treatment for certain intracapsular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. One hundred twenty-one patients were studied at three test sites using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design. Patients were sel... | There is insufficient, consistent evidence to either support or refute the use of hyaluronate for treating patients with TMD. Further high quality RCTs of hyaluronate need to be conducted before firm conclusions with regard to its effectiveness can be drawn. |
CD004072 | [
"12745558",
"16616557",
"16641396",
"3755517",
"15695996",
"10837300",
"20215360",
"11086300",
"2587133"
] | [
"A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ascorbic acid supplementation for the prevention of preterm labour.",
"Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial.",
"Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal com... | [
"In a previous study from this institution, patients at high risk for preterm labour were screened for the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV). When BV was present, they were randomised to receive either treatment (metronidazole) or placebo (vitamin C). There were significantly more patients with preterm labour in... | The data are too few to say if vitamin C supplementation either alone or in combination with other supplements is beneficial during pregnancy. Preterm birth may have been increased with vitamin C supplementation.
[Note: The 32 citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of t... |
CD008630 | [
"9024451",
"16877299",
"11789240",
"11006365",
"12926838",
"9301350",
"8621174",
"12525716",
"11313301"
] | [
"Effect of corticosteroids on intracranial pressure, computed tomographic findings, and clinical outcome in young children with tuberculous meningitis.",
"Cerebrospinal and peripheral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load in a multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of D-Ala1-peptide T-am... | [
"To study the effect of highdose prednisone on intracranial pressure (ICP), cranial computed tomographic (CT) findings, and clinical outcome in young children with moderate to severe tuberculous meningitis (TBM).\n Prospective, controlled, randomized study.\n Continuous lumbar, cerebro... | The quality of the evidence was very low. Three small RCTs, of interferon beta-1a, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebrospinal fluid filtration, showed no significant benefit or harm. A fourth small trial showed that the Chinese herbal medicine tripterygium polyglycoside hastened recovery significantly more tha... |
CD000543 | [
"3317057",
"19678813",
"2193075",
"16279903",
"1863024",
"19766640",
"1885075",
"15017515",
"20049950"
] | [
"Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study.",
"Clinical trial: ulcerative colitis maintenance treatment with 5-ASA: a 1-year, randomized multicentre study comparing MMX with Asacol.",
"Topical treatment with 5-aminosalicylic in distal ulcera... | [
"We assessed oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) prepared with a pH-sensitive polymer coating in 87 patients with mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 5-ASA at a dosage of either 4.8 or 1.6 g per day or placebo for six ... | 5-ASA was superior to placebo and no more effective than SASP. Considering their relative costs, a clinical advantage to using oral 5-ASA in place of SASP appears unlikely. 5-ASA dosed once daily appears to be as efficacious and safe as conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Adherence does not appear to be enhanced by once daily ... |
CD005474 | [
"1582239",
"8093824",
"7884017",
"12678168",
"1681680",
"10971979",
"7542829",
"7041516",
"9221965"
] | [
"Zuclopenthixol and haloperidol in patients with acute psychotic states. A double-blind, multi-centre study.",
"A controlled Nordic multicentre study of zuclopenthixol acetate in oil solution, haloperidol and zuclopenthixol in the treatment of acute psychosis.",
"A double-blind controlled study of intramuscular... | [
"A double-blind, multi-centre study was carried out in 49 hospitalized patients with an acute psychosis or an exacerbation of a chronic psychosis to compare the wanted and unwanted effects of the neuroleptics, zuclopenthixol and haloperidol. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment with one or other o... | There is an indication that zuclopenthixol causes movement disorders, perhaps more so than the newer generation of drugs, though no more frequently than the older generation of antipsychotics. There is some suggestion from this review that oral zuclopenthixol may have some clinical advantage, at least in the short term... |
CD001732 | [
"3883876",
"12785023",
"14725657",
"2690721",
"7740420",
"7029140",
"12614412",
"3307653",
"9163286"
] | [
"Varicose veins: optimum compression following sclerotherapy.",
"Foam-sclerotherapy, surgery, sclerotherapy, and combined treatment for varicose veins: a 10-year, prospective, randomized, controlled, trial (VEDICO trial).",
"Evaluation of the efficacy of polidocanol in the form of foam compared with liquid form... | [
"There is uncertainty regarding the most satisfactory technique of lower limb compression following sclerotherapy for varicose veins. We have compared a standard bandaging technique with a high pressure compression stocking in a randomised trial. Efficacy was judged on the success of injections, complications of th... | Evidence from RCTs suggests that the choice of sclerosant, dose, formulation (foam versus liquid), local pressure dressing, degree and length of compression have no significant effect on the efficacy of sclerotherapy for varicose veins. The evidence supports the current place of sclerotherapy in modern clinical practic... |
CD007698 | [
"15017504",
"9691103",
"8533995",
"19766640",
"17241860",
"1863024",
"19375519",
"20049949",
"9382054"
] | [
"Budesonide versus mesalamine for maintaining remission in patients refusing other immunomodulators for steroid-dependent Crohn's disease.",
"A comparison of budesonide and mesalamine for active Crohn's disease. International Budesonide-Mesalamine Study Group.",
"An oral preparation of mesalamine as long-term m... | [
"To compare the efficacy of controlled-release budesonide capsules with that of mesalamine for maintaining remission and improving quality of life (QOL) in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn's disease.\n Fifty-seven patients (25 men; mean age, 32 +/- 10.1 yr) with quiescent steroid-dependent Crohn... | At present, there is no evidence to recommend the clinical use of oral budesonide for the induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis. Mesalamine is superior to budesonide for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. |
CD001008 | [
"18569754",
"3941301",
"3812046",
"16766441",
"1873454",
"3716918",
"3369332",
"17074945",
"19524389"
] | [
"Hypnosis for smoking cessation: a randomized trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of hypnotherapy for smoking cessation.",
"Treatment effectiveness of hypnosis and behaviour therapy in smoking cessation: a methodological refinement.",
"Intensive hypnotherapy for smoking cessation: a prospective study.",
... | [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypnosis would be more effective in helping smokers quit than standard behavioral counseling when both interventions are combined with nicotine patches (NP). A total of 286 current smokers were enrolled in a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial at the San... | We have not shown that hypnotherapy has a greater effect on six-month quit rates than other interventions or no treatment. There is not enough evidence to show whether hypnotherapy could be as effective as counselling treatment. The effects of hypnotherapy on smoking cessation claimed by uncontrolled studies were not c... |
CD008116 | [
"1670783",
"17710485",
"11340701",
"9648698",
"12134249",
"9773910",
"2267922",
"18005909",
"11486442"
] | [
"Effectiveness of an antihistamine-decongestant combination for young children with the common cold: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.",
"Efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization.",
"Intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of c... | [
"We tested the hypothesis that antihistamine-decongestant combinations cause no clinically significant relief of the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections in young children by randomly assigning 96 children to one of three treatment groups: antihistamine-decongestant, placebo, and no treatment. There were ... | Current evidence does not support the use of intranasal corticosteroids for symptomatic relief from the common cold. However, there were only two trials and limited statistical power. Further large randomised placebo-controlled trials in adults and children are required to answer this question. |
CD001484 | [
"8331703",
"19477503",
"9161392",
"6195948",
"8598656",
"3672322",
"6733063",
"7717832",
"8129501"
] | [
"Efficacy of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in trauma patients and identification of high-risk groups.",
"Effectiveness of thigh-length graduated compression stockings to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis after stroke (CLOTS trial 1): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized, prospe... | [
"The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the efficacy of prophylactic measures were prospectively evaluated in all patients admitted to a level I trauma center during 1991. Patients with Injury Severity Scores (ISS) > 9 who survived a minimum of 48 hours (n = 395) were monitored using venous Doppler and u... | GCS are effective in diminishing the risk of DVT in hospitalised patients. Data examination also suggests that GCS on a background of another method of prophylaxis is more effective than GCS on its own. |
CD000133 | [
"75438",
"8142334",
"3089466",
"2754147",
"8831855",
"3693764",
"11799376",
"9560837",
"8738513"
] | [
"A double-blind controlled crossover trial of an antigen-avoidance diet in atopic eczema.",
"The immunological and long-term atopic outcome of infants born to women following a milk-free diet during late pregnancy and lactation: a pilot study.",
"Effect of maternal dietary exclusion on breast fed infants with e... | [
"20 out of 36 children (aged two to eight years) with atopic eczema completed a twelve-week, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet. During the first and third four-week periods, patients on an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet received a soya-based milk substitute (trial ... | Prescription of an antigen avoidance diet to a high-risk woman during pregnancy is unlikely to reduce substantially her child's risk of atopic diseases, and such a diet may adversely affect maternal or fetal nutrition, or both. Prescription of an antigen avoidance diet to a high-risk woman during lactation may reduce h... |
CD003464 | [
"7972781",
"9159625",
"1987387",
"16765759",
"15489085",
"10514159",
"11786451",
"19528337",
"3555690"
] | [
"Low-dose aspirin combined with dipyridamole versus anticoagulants after femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.",
"Low-intensity oral anticoagulation plus low-dose aspirin versus high-intensity oral anticoagulation alone: a randomized trial in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves.",
... | [
"To investigate whether anticoagulation or platelet inhibition treatment provides better prevention of reobstruction after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).\n In a controlled study, 160 patients received either oral anticoagulants or a combination of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (25 mg) a... | Adding antiplatelet therapy, either dipyridamole or low-dose aspirin, to oral anticoagulation decreases the risk of systemic embolism or death among patients with prosthetic heart valves. The risk of major bleeding is increased with antiplatelet therapy. These results apply to patients with mechanical prosthetic valves... |
CD003015 | [
"2030245",
"17663611",
"11680554",
"1460157",
"17076751",
"7673531",
"10396792",
"22443839",
"16392991"
] | [
"A comparative evaluation of parent-training interventions for families of chronic delinquents.",
"An adaptive approach to family intervention: linking engagement in family-centered intervention to reductions in adolescent problem behavior.",
"Reducing conduct problems among children of battered women.",
"Fam... | [
"Fifty-five families of chronically offending delinquents were randomly assigned to parent-training treatment or to service traditionally provided by the juvenile court and community. The families in the parent-training group received an average of 44.8 hours of professional contact (23.3 hours of which were phone ... | The evidence suggests that family and parenting interventions for juvenile delinquents and their families have beneficial effects on reducing time spent in institutions. This has an obvious benefit to the participant and their family and may result in a cost saving for society. These interventions may also reduce rates... |
CD007868 | [
"2691402",
"12269458",
"6365424",
"7822059",
"7005653",
"3060308",
"2403486",
"6572128",
"6754242"
] | [
"Clinical trial of a low-fluoride toothpaste for young children.",
"A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of providing free fluoride toothpaste from the age of 12 months on reducing caries in 5-6 year old children.",
"Caries prevention using a 1.2% sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice in an alumin... | [
"In this double-blind trial, the anticaries effectiveness of a test toothpaste formulated for young children with 550 ppm F was compared with that of a positive control toothpaste containing 1055 ppm fluoride. More than 3000 2-year-old children were enrolled in the study and after 3 years of toothpaste use, 2177 (7... | This review confirms the benefits of using fluoride toothpaste in preventing caries in children and adolescents when compared to placebo, but only significantly for fluoride concentrations of 1000 ppm and above. The relative caries preventive effects of fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations increase with hig... |
CD007956 | [
"18341378",
"12789464",
"9817273",
"17214057",
"11013273",
"19634161",
"11849797",
"10725619",
"10829042"
] | [
"Limited cytoprotective effects of amifostine in high-dose radioactive iodine 131-treated well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients: analysis of quantitative salivary scan.",
"Randomized phase III trial of postoperative radiochemotherapy +/- amifostine in head and neck cancer. Is there evidence for radioprotect... | [
"The aim of present study was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of amifostine on salivary glands in 131I-treated differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients using serial quantitative analysis of salivary gland scans.\n Serial quantitative salivary scintigraphies were performed in 80 newly dia... | Results from two randomised controlled clinical trials suggest that the amifostine has no significant radioprotective effects on salivary glands in high-dose radioactive iodine treated differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Moreover, no health-related quality of life and other patient-oriented outcomes were evaluated ... |
CD004226 | [
"16394045",
"17666597",
"9065105",
"2223679",
"11134431",
"11320043",
"10735900",
"15507957",
"17272503"
] | [
"Parallel randomized trials of risk-based therapy for fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.",
"Antepartum treatment without early cordocentesis for standard-risk alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Antenatal management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous gamma-globulin: a ran... | [
"Antenatal therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and prednisone has been shown to improve fetal thrombocytopenia and reduce the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Optimization of this therapy for individual patients, however, has yet to be achieved.\n ... | The optimal management of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia remains unclear. Lack of complete data sets for two trials and differences in interventions precluded the pooling of data from these trials which may have enabled a more developed analysis of the trial findings. Further trials would be required to deter... |
CD007387 | [
"9190979",
"12214830",
"17466514",
"15358335",
"3595364",
"1505264",
"11862564",
"8261970",
"10330942"
] | [
"A randomized study comparing retroperitoneal drainage with no drainage after lymphadenectomy in gynecologic malignancies.",
"A prospective randomized study comparing retroperitoneal drainage with no drainage and no peritonization following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for invasive cervical can... | [
"To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of retroperitoneal drainage following lymphadenectomy in gynecologic surgery.\n One hundred thirty-seven consecutive patients undergoing systematic lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancies were randomized to receive (Group A, 68) or not (Group B, 69) retrop... | Placement of retroperitoneal tube drains has no benefit in prevention of lymphocyst formation after pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with gynaecological malignancies. When the pelvic peritoneum is left open, the tube drain placement is associated with a higher risk of short and long-term symptomatic lymphocyst format... |
CD007169 | [
"14505443",
"18454611",
"19628939",
"10990596",
"17645384",
"19442346",
"17037953",
"14669295",
"16618375"
] | [
"The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer.",
"The effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients who are terminally ill.",
"Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia: randomised, controlled study.",... | [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of music therapy on quality of life, length of life in care, physical status, and relationship of death occurrence to the final music therapy interventions of hospice patients diagnosed with terminal cancer. Subjects were adults who were living in their homes, ... | A limited number of studies suggest there may be a benefit of music therapy on the quality of life of people in end-of-life care. However, the results stem from studies with a high risk of bias. More research is needed. |
CD003955 | [
"3045281",
"19797281",
"323443",
"9506654",
"3534201",
"10201714",
"363995",
"6516811",
"20855387"
] | [
"Clinical trial of naloxone in birth asphyxia.",
"Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy.",
"Use of nalotone to to reverse narcotic respiratory depression in the newborn infant.",
"High-dose phenobarbital therapy in term newborn infants with severe perinatal asphyxia: a randomized, p... | [
"To determine whether endogenous opiates play a role in the pathogenesis of perinatal asphyxia, a blinded clinical trial of naloxone, a competitive opiate receptor blocker, was undertaken in infants with low 1-minute Apgar scores. Of 85 infants with 1-minute Apgar score 0 to 3, 44 received an injection of naloxone ... | There are insufficient data available to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the routine use of naloxone for newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia. A further randomised controlled trial is needed to determine if naloxone benefits newborn infants with suspected perina... |
CD006812 | [
"19457937",
"17290061",
"17822748",
"20619634",
"16868539",
"17237853",
"11063636",
"17996926",
"16330675"
] | [
"Randomized multicenter phase II trial of cisplatin and ifosfamide with or without paclitaxel in recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) study.",
"Phase III trial of ifosfamide with or without paclitaxel in advanced uterine carcinosarcoma: a Gynecolog... | [
"We undertook a randomized phase II trial to test whether the addition of paclitaxel (Taxol) to the cisplatin and ifosfamide (IP) combination could improve objective response (OR) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer of the uterine cervix.\n... | In advanced stage metastatic uterine carcinosarcoma as well as recurrent disease adjuvant combination, chemotherapy with ifosfamide should be considered. Combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide and paclitaxel is associated with lower risk of death compared with ifosfamide alone. In addition, radiotherapy to the abdome... |
CD001461 | [
"15760929",
"11561117",
"14552308",
"16926184",
"1642652",
"17235556",
"17485422",
"2919941",
"13130460"
] | [
"A two year randomised controlled trial of intramuscular depot steroids in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis who have shown an incomplete response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.",
"One-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of an educational-behavioural joint protection programme f... | [
"In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), intramuscular (IM) pulsed depomedrone expedites an immediate response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Although IM depomedrone is also widely used to treat disease flares in patients treated with DMARDs, its effect on radiological progression has not been assessed.\n... | Azathioprine appears to have a statistically significant benefit on the disease activity in joints of patients with RA. This evidence however is based on a small number of patients, included in older trials. Its effects on long-term functional status and radiological progression were not assessed due to lack of data. T... |
CD009890 | [
"21387176",
"21888842",
"17931895",
"18056488",
"21435907",
"21670709",
"3056948",
"18823799",
"9480606"
] | [
"The clinical benefit of medial support screws in locking plating of proximal humerus fractures: a prospective randomized study.",
"[Surgical treatment for proximal humerus fracture].",
"Primary hemiarthroplasty in four-part fractures of the proximal humerus: randomized trial of two different implant systems.",... | [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of medial support screws for locking plating of proximal humerus fractures.\n Seventy-two consecutive patients underwent prospective treatment for proximal humerus fractures with locking plates between October 2007 and September 2008. Si... | Overall, this review found there is either no or insufficient evidence from randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials to determine whether surgery is, and which surgical interventions are, the most appropriate for the management of different types of distal humerus fractures. Well designed and reported large and... |
CD001997 | [
"8372870",
"10586979",
"15951574",
"48000",
"2698591",
"11194427",
"1442986",
"14557006",
"1584259"
] | [
"Insulin-requiring diabetes in pregnancy: a randomized trial of active induction of labor and expectant management.",
"Treatment of women with an abnormal glucose challenge test (but a normal oral glucose tolerance test) decreases the prevalence of macrosomia.",
"Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mell... | [
"Our purpose was to assess whether a program of expectant management of uncomplicated pregnancies in mothers with insulin-requiring gestational or pregestational class B reduces the incidence of cesarean birth.\n Two hundred women with uncomplicated, insulin-requiring diabetes at 38 weeks' gestation ... | The results of the single randomized controlled trial comparing elective delivery with expectant management at term in pregnant women with insulin-requiring diabetes show that induction of labour reduces the risk of macrosomia. The risk of maternal or neonatal morbidity was not different between groups, but, given the ... |
CD003298 | [
"6803118",
"6811710",
"16330203",
"6403808",
"17324657",
"8768018",
"15684319",
"6406649",
"6119492"
] | [
"A prospective randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in children with cancer.",
"Comparison of morbidity in children requiring abdominal radiation and chemotherapy, with and without total parenteral nutrition.",
"Parenteral nutrition is not superior to replacement fluid therapy for the support... | [
"A prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) among previously untreated children receiving abdominal/pelvic irradiation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy who were at risk for weight loss, malnutrition, and complications from treatment. Children... | There is limited evidence from individual trials to suggest that parenteral nutrition is more effective than enteral nutrition in well-nourished children and young people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The evidence for other methods of nutritional support remains unclear. No studies were identified comparing the ... |
CD002924 | [
"12006305",
"10918757",
"2258521",
"8455920",
"12052998",
"8248962",
"9506598",
"12161876",
"9133884"
] | [
"Does an integrated care pathway improve processes of care in stroke rehabilitation? A randomized controlled trial.",
"The development of a stroke clinical pathway: an experience in a medium-sized community hospital.",
"The effect of systematic care planning after acute stroke in general hospital medical wards.... | [
"to evaluate whether integrated care pathways improve the processes of care in stroke rehabilitation.\n comparison of processes of care data collected in a randomized controlled trial.\n acute stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation randomized to receive integrated care pathways mana... | Use of stroke care pathways may be associated with positive and negative effects. Since most of the results have been derived from non-randomised studies, they are likely to be influenced by potential biases and confounding factors. There is currently insufficient supporting evidence to justify the routine implementati... |
CD006093 | [
"16822111",
"21924563",
"1861939",
"17214891",
"16893677",
"15762903",
"14687254",
"12399345",
"15249261"
] | [
"Internet-based health information consumer skills intervention for people living with HIV/AIDS.",
"Adoption, reach and effectiveness of computer-based, practitioner delivered and combined smoking interventions in general medical practices: a three-arm cluster randomized trial.",
"Increasing patient knowledge, ... | [
"Medical information can improve health, and there is an enormous amount of health information available on the Internet. A randomized clinical trial tested the effectiveness of an intervention based on social- cognitive theory to improve information use among people living with HIV/AIDS. Men and women (N = 448) we... | There is very limited evidence on effective interventions promoting the adoption of ICTs by healthcare professionals. Small effects have been reported for interventions targeting the use of electronic databases and digital libraries. The effectiveness of interventions to promote ICT adoption in healthcare settings rema... |
CD005001 | [
"15774341",
"15484202",
"17785708",
"7937251",
"11879296",
"11157015",
"9243585",
"18490891",
"17470863"
] | [
"A pilot study of a supervised group exercise programme as a rehabilitation treatment for women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment.",
"Exercise manages fatigue during breast cancer treatment: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients rece... | [
"This pilot study examined whether exercise as an adjunctive rehabilitation therapy could benefit women who have early stage breast cancer and are currently receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy. The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Physical functioning, fatigue and Quality of Life (QoL) out... | Exercise during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer can be regarded as a supportive self-care intervention which results in improved physical fitness and thus the capacity for performing activities of daily life, which may otherwise be impaired due to inactivity during treatment. Improvements in fatigue were ambiguous... |
CD006048 | [
"18667099",
"9210279",
"17364418",
"11037083",
"19182178",
"10077290",
"12668405",
"16551154",
"10883563"
] | [
"Cognitive behaviour therapy for violent men with antisocial personality disorder in the community: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.",
"Feminist-cognitive-behavioral and process-psychodynamic treatments for men who batter: interaction of abuser traits and treatment models.",
"A cognitive behavioral t... | [
"Little information exists on treatment effectiveness in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of carrying out a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in men with ASPD who were aggressive.\n This was an exploratory two-cen... | There are still too few randomised controlled trials to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for male perpetrators of domestic violence. |
CD008066 | [
"18055007",
"15919846",
"18155287",
"8732700",
"6437150",
"8559961",
"3302144",
"18227359",
"9803696"
] | [
"Transtheoretical model-based multiple behavior intervention for weight management: effectiveness on a population basis.",
"Transtheoretical model-chronic disease care for obesity in primary care: a randomized trial.",
"Initial efficacy of MI, TTM tailoring and HRI's with multiple behaviors for employee health ... | [
"The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity underscores the need for evidence-based, easily disseminable interventions for weight management that can be delivered on a population basis. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) offers a promising theoretical framework for multiple behavior weight management interve... | TTM SOC and a combination of physical activity, diet and other interventions resulted in minimal weight loss, and there was no conclusive evidence for sustainable weight loss. The impact of TTM SOC as theoretical framework in weight loss management may depend on how it is used as a framework for intervention and in com... |
CD007330 | [
"16640064",
"17662757",
"3896355",
"20424590",
"19614962",
"7841897",
"17684661",
"18202212",
"10753321"
] | [
"Outcomes of clinical trial: tinnitus masking versus tinnitus retraining therapy.",
"Use of a self-help book with weekly therapist contact to reduce tinnitus distress: a randomized controlled trial.",
"A clinical study of tinnitus maskers.",
"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the tr... | [
"A controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate prospectively the clinical efficacy of tinnitus masking (TM) and tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) in military veterans having clinically significant tinnitus. Qualifying patients were placed into the two groups in an alternating manner (to avoid selection bias... | A single, low-quality randomised controlled trial suggests that TRT is much more effective as a treatment for patients with tinnitus than tinnitus masking. |
CD004926 | [
"17094744",
"7508066",
"6193578",
"9403744",
"8583588",
"10192146",
"364393",
"1884733",
"2183488"
] | [
"Forced versus minimal intravenous hydration in the management of acute renal colic: a randomized trial.",
"Randomized prospective study of a nonthiazide diuretic, indapamide, in preventing calcium stone recurrences.",
"Acute ureteral colic and fluid intake.",
"Protocol-guided diuretic management: comparison ... | [
"The management of acute renal colic is a problem commonly encountered by both urologists and emergency medicine physicians. The classic approach to managing uncomplicated acute renal colic involves hydration, along with imaging and pain control. Previous studies have suggested that hydration has a significant impa... | We found no reliable evidence in the literature to support the use of diuretics and high volume fluid therapy for people with acute ureteric colic. However, given the potential positive therapeutic impact of fluids and diuretics to facilitate stone passage, the capacity of these interventions warrants further investiga... |
CD009191 | [
"11431176",
"17591533",
"8052432",
"12761258",
"11855793",
"8167383",
"9576406",
"9417158",
"12692572"
] | [
"Coadministration of losartan and enalapril exerts additive antiproteinuric effect in IgA nephropathy.",
"ACE inhibitors and persistent left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: a randomized clinical trial.",
"ACE inhibition reduces proteinuria in normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy: a mu... | [
"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and AT1-receptor antagonists (ARAs) are widely administered to reduce urinary protein loss and slow the progression of proteinuric nephropathy to end-stage renal failure. Our group recently observed that the combination of ACE inhibitors and ARAs may have an additive ... | There is not enough evidence to show that the administration of ACE inhibitors is associated with a reduction of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in people with sickle cell disease, although a potential for this was seen. More long-term studies involving multiple centers and larger cohorts using a randomized-controlled... |
CD005575 | [
"18237352",
"18755784",
"10117742",
"19775439",
"9097333",
"7974314",
"11716652",
"12495948",
"11902848"
] | [
"Strategies for improving the quality of health care in maternal and child health in low- and middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews.",
"Promotion of health in older people: a randomised controlled trial of health risk appraisal in British general practice.",
"The impact of increasing intens... | [
"There are many systematic reviews of continuing education programmes and educational strategies for quality improvement in health care. Most of the reviewed studies are one-off evaluations rather than impact evaluations with long-term follow-up. There are few systematic reviews of organisational, financial and reg... | There is insufficient evidence to determine whether organisational travel plans are effective for improving health or changing travel mode. Organisational travel plans should be considered as complex health promotion interventions, with considerable potential to influence community health outcomes depending on the envi... |
CD007535 | [
"16500364",
"16543255",
"18321486",
"19396538",
"12070543",
"11804430",
"17239866",
"8299789",
"18505764"
] | [
"Addition of human chorionic gonadotropin to clomiphene citrate ovulation induction therapy does not improve pregnancy outcomes and luteal function.",
"Clomiphene citrate and dexamethazone in treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective placebo-controlled study.",
"Comparis... | [
"In a randomized prospective study, 125 women with World Health Organization class II anovulation received 50 mg of clomiphene citrate alone (group A, n = 65) or 50 mg of clomiphene citrate plus hCG (group B, n = 60) in a total of 125 cycles during natural intercourse-advised cycles. There were no statistically sig... | There is limited evidence that the addition of CHM to clomiphene is associated with improved clinical pregnancy outcomes and no other evidence of any other effect. The methodology of RCTs was not adequately reported by primary studies. |
CD006324 | [
"12893670",
"16585434",
"17194269",
"16754835",
"12700715",
"16449469",
"16818861",
"3046553",
"17526456"
] | [
"Clozapine v. conventional antipsychotic drugs for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a re-examination.",
"Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment.",
"A double-blind study of co... | [
"Although there is a consensus that clozapine is more effective than conventional antipsychotic drugs for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, there is great heterogeneity among results of relevant trials.\n To re-evaluate the evidence comparing clozapine with conventional antipsychotics and to investi... | In this review we considered the risk of bias too high because of the poor quality of the retrieved information (small sample size, heterogeneity of comparisons, flaws in the design, conduct and analysis). Although clinical guidelines recommend a second antipsychotic in addition to clozapine in partially responsive pat... |
CD004446 | [
"9915528",
"10528595",
"10327093",
"16934640",
"18325883",
"2138548",
"9915532",
"2665802",
"12677565"
] | [
"Increased efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the evaluation of the blunt abdominal trauma patient with the use of ultrasound.",
"Prospective evidence of the superiority of a sonography-based algorithm in the assessment of blunt abdominal injury.",
"Randomized controlled study of ultrasound therapy in the man... | [
"The efficacy and effectiveness of ultrasound (US) in evaluating patients suspected of having blunt abdominal trauma are near that of computed tomography (CT) and diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL). Because no cost-effectiveness study has been reported, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that US is more e... | There is currently insufficient evidence from RCTs to justify promotion of ultrasound-based clinical pathways in diagnosing patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma. |
CD000208 | [
"11356585",
"11729030",
"18162017",
"9232667",
"9850359",
"10334524",
"9404747",
"10522500",
"12202284"
] | [
"Two double-blind placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia.",
"A placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acid (ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid) supplementation for residual symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.",
"Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in firs... | [
"Evidence that the metabolism of phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is abnormal in schizophrenia provided the rationale for intervention studies using PUFA supplementation. An initial open label study indicating efficacy for n-3 PUFA in schizophrenia led to two small double-blind pilot studies. Th... | There is no strong evidence to support the everyday use of any of the agents included in this review. All results must be considered inconclusive and these compounds probably should only be used within the context of a well-designed evaluative study. |
CD008088 | [
"18556683",
"7977520",
"8513962",
"20883991",
"8458450",
"7951404",
"15884262",
"16963174",
"7577849"
] | [
"Anti-TNF-alpha treatment for deep endometriosis-associated pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.",
"Postsurgical medical treatment of advanced endometriosis: results of a randomized clinical trial.",
"A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associate... | [
"Endometriosis is associated with an inflammatory response. Hence infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody, might relieve pain.\n A randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed with 21 women with severe pain and a rectovaginal nodule of at least 1 cm. After 1 month of observation, three ... | This review was updated in 2012. The results of the original review published in 2010 remain unchanged. There is still not enough evidence to support the use of anti-TNF-α drugs in the management of women with endometriosis for the relief of pelvic pain. |
CD001220 | [
"17388666",
"16919803",
"9388397",
"18645518",
"16849391",
"19716639",
"10028980",
"12182264",
"19996048"
] | [
"Impact and process evaluation of integrated community and clinic-based HIV-1 control: a cluster-randomised trial in eastern Zimbabwe.",
"A brief individualized computer-delivered sexual risk reduction intervention increases HIV/AIDS preventive behavior.",
"Randomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention... | [
"HIV-1 control in sub-Saharan Africa requires cost-effective and sustainable programmes that promote behaviour change and reduce cofactor sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at the population and individual levels.\n We measured the feasibility of community-based peer education, free condom distri... | We failed to confirm the hypothesis that STI control is an effective HIV prevention strategy. Improved STI treatment services were shown in one study to reduce HIV incidence in an environment characterised by an emerging HIV epidemic (low and slowly rising prevalence), where STI treatment services were poor and where S... |
CD005395 | [
"9870617",
"17227922",
"16788315",
"7835575",
"11413109",
"15015606",
"20009750",
"15362027",
"16426990"
] | [
"The non-specific effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in treatment of Meniere's disease: a prospective, randomized controlled study comparing \"classic\" endolymphatic sac surgery with the insertion of a ventilating tube in the tympanic membrane.",
"A randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic nissen fundoplicat... | [
"A prospective, randomized study was carried out comparing the effect of two surgical modalities in the treatment of patients with Meniere's disease: insertion of an endolymphatic sac shunt and insertion of a ventilating tube in the tympanic membrane. A total of 29 patients, 12 males and 17 females, age 27-71 years... | The two trials included in this review provide insufficient evidence of the beneficial effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in Ménière's disease. |
CD001838 | [
"15654136",
"9688391",
"8299789",
"10099977",
"7558391",
"10615885",
"19531445",
"8822431",
"7962385"
] | [
"A randomised prospective trial of intrauterine insemination versus timed intercourse in superovulated cycles with clomiphene.",
"Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination for treating male subfertility: a controlled study.",
"Evaluation of clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotr... | [
"Despite its wide use, the benefits of intrauterine insemination (IUI), its over timed intercourse (TI) in couples with unexplained infertility is a matter of debate. Studies in Indian couples with unexplained infertility showing benefit of IUI over TI are not available. The present study was done with the objectiv... | There is evidence that IUI with OH increases the live birth rate compared to IUI alone. The likelihood of pregnancy was also increased for treatment with IUI compared to TI in stimulated cycles. One adequately powered multicentre trial showed no evidence of effect of IUI in natural cycles compared with expectant manage... |
CD001470 | [
"6931470",
"387151",
"8104468",
"406212",
"3788652",
"7032224",
"3446307",
"6349256",
"2870944"
] | [
"Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. I. A one year double-blind study of clopenthixol decanoate and flupenthixol palmitate.",
"High dose flupenthixol decanoate in chronic schizophrenia.",
"The decanoates of flupenthixol and clopenthixol in the treatment of chronic schi... | [
"Clopenthixol decanoate and flupenthixol palmitate, both depot neuroleptics belonging to the thioxanthene group, were studied during double-blind conditions for 12 months using four week intervals between injections. The 60 patients included in the study were chronic schizophrenics and treated as outpatients after ... | From the data reported in clinical trials, it would be understandable if those suffering from schizophrenia, who are willing to take flupenthixol decanoate, would request the standard dose rather than the high dose. In the current state of evidence, there is nothing to choose between flupenthixol decanoate and other de... |
CD000422 | [
"16137351",
"16227328",
"10556125",
"15065730",
"18585831",
"15065822",
"20723631",
"10859037",
"16941367"
] | [
"Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in acute exacerbations of COPD patients with mild respiratory acidosis: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN17802078].",
"Clinical efficacy of anti-pneumococcal vaccination in patients with COPD.",
"Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneu... | [
"We hypothesized that the use of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), a technique designed to improve mucus clearance, could prove effective in avoiding further deterioration in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with mild respiratory acidosis.\n ... | This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the recommendation for PPV to prevent IPD in adults. The evidence from RCTs is less clear with respect to adults with chronic illness. This might be because of lack of effect or lack of power in the studies. The meta-analysis does not provide evidence to support the routi... |
CD001830 | [
"21698991",
"278700",
"11985192",
"20848004",
"22300651",
"16304443",
"18086027",
"22736448",
"19341577"
] | [
"Occlusal caries prevention in high and low risk schoolchildren. A clinical trial.",
"Clinical effectiveness of an autopolymerized fissure sealant after 2 years.",
"Evaluation of non-invasive treatment applied to occlusal surfaces.",
"Caries-preventive efficacy and retention of a resin-modified glass ionomer ... | [
"To evaluate the caries-preventive effect of a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement used as occlusal sealant (Vitremer) compared with fluoride varnish (Duraphat) application on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars (OSPFM) in 6-8 year-old schoolchildren (n=268) at high (HR) and low (LR) caries risk.\n ... | The application of sealants is a recommended procedure to prevent or control caries. Sealing the occlusal surfaces of permanent molars in children and adolescents reduces caries up to 48 months when compared to no sealant, after longer follow-up the quantity and quality of the evidence is reduced. The review revealed t... |
MR000006 | [
"17473138",
"9450711",
"9723823",
"9310565",
"12701945",
"12876092",
"11277147",
"9676673",
"2304219"
] | [
"Commercially funded and United States-based research is more likely to be published; good-quality studies with negative outcomes are not.",
"Effect of the statistical significance of results on the time to completion and publication of randomized efficacy trials.",
"Bias in reporting clinical trials.",
"Publ... | [
"Prior studies implying associations between receipt of commercial funding and positive (significant and/or pro-industry) research outcomes have analyzed only published papers, which is an insufficiently robust approach for assessing publication bias. In this study, we tested the following hypotheses regarding orth... | Trials with positive findings are published more often, and more quickly, than trials with negative findings. |
CD000944 | [
"2205286",
"8179545",
"9511686",
"6805497",
"9662321",
"1547164",
"7100360",
"6726592",
"17158417"
] | [
"The implications of introducing the symphyseal-fundal height-measurement. A prospective randomized controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial in a hospital population of ultrasound measurement screening for the small for dates baby.",
"Positive effects of an antenatal group teaching session on postnata... | [
"A total of 1639 women attending the antenatal clinic of Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, during 1986-1987 was randomized into a symphyseal fundal (SF)-group and a control group. The women in the SF-group had their fundal height measured from the 29th week until delivery. The measurements were used along w... | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of symphysis-fundal height measurements during antenatal care. |
CD009094 | [
"11477970",
"8571154",
"8356485",
"12973646",
"10155878",
"15686063",
"15746218",
"1958910",
"12017833"
] | [
"Effect of removing user fees on attendance for curative and preventive primary health care services in rural South Africa.",
"Impact of user charges on vulnerable groups: the case of Kibwezi in rural Kenya.",
"User fees plus quality equals improved access to health care: results of a field experiment in Camero... | [
"User fees are used to recover costs and discourage unnecessary attendance at primary care clinics in many developing countries. In South Africa, user fees for children aged under 6 years and pregnant women were removed in 1994, and in 1997 all user fees at all primary health care clinics were abolished. The intent... | The review suggests that reducing or removing user fees increases the utilisation of certain healthcare services. However, emerging evidence suggests that such a change may have unintended consequences on utilisation of preventive services and service quality. The review also found that introducing or increasing fees c... |
CD004218 | [
"14872039",
"10487186",
"10486394",
"10691121",
"2498073",
"55587",
"10441604",
"2360466",
"1402964"
] | [
"Second-line anticonvulsant treatment of neonatal seizures: a video-EEG monitoring study.",
"Long-term neuropsychological consequences of maternal epilepsy and anticonvulsant treatment during pregnancy for school-age children and adolescents.",
"Comparative double blind clinical trial of phenytoin and sodium va... | [
"The authors conducted a randomized trial of second-line anticonvulsant treatments for neonates. The response to treatment was assessed using continuous video-EEG because the clinical diagnosis of seizure in neonates is known to be unreliable. Of 27 neonates with EEG-confirmed seizures, 5 were excluded because of p... | At present there is little evidence from randomised controlled trials to support the use of any of the anticonvulsants currently used in the neonatal period. In the literature, there remains a body of opinion that seizures should be treated because of the concern that seizures in themselves may be harmful, although thi... |
CD003953 | [
"17568029",
"20659937",
"11759644",
"19504425",
"18057479",
"8970221",
"3276336",
"331941",
"16395687"
] | [
"A multicenter, randomized trial of prophylactic fluconazole in preterm neonates.",
"Randomised controlled trial of prophylactic fluconazole versus nystatin for the prevention of fungal colonisation and invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants.",
"Fluconazole prophylaxis against fungal coloniz... | [
"Invasive candida infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluconazole for the prevention of fungal colonization and infection in very-low-birth-weight neonates.\n During a 15-month pe... | There are insufficient data to inform practice. Large randomised controlled trials are required to compare antifungal drugs, drug preparations or drug combinations for treating newborn infants with invasive fungal infection. |
CD000072 | [
"16084925",
"12694632",
"16708003",
"22032247",
"18237352",
"15066200",
"15249520",
"15113492",
"21924563"
] | [
"Can a facilitated programme promote effective multidisciplinary audit in secondary care teams? An exploratory trial.",
"Randomised controlled trial of a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice [ISRCTN23257060].",
"Cluster randomized controlled trial of the ... | [
"This 24-month exploratory study evaluated whether a 6-month programme supported by a trained external facilitator was feasible, acceptable and led to the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach to audit by secondary care staff. Undertaken in five acute hospital sites in the East Midlands UK, 22 multidisciplinary ... | In this updated review, we found five studies (four new studies) that met the inclusion criteria. The review suggests that practice-based IPC interventions can improve healthcare processes and outcomes, but due to the limitations in terms of the small number of studies, sample sizes, problems with conceptualising and m... |
CD000013 | [
"3904456",
"2008006",
"19517694",
"16730113",
"11914565",
"7943103",
"15913621",
"10192481",
"12706276"
] | [
"Prophylactic intrapartum amnioinfusion in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes.",
"A prospective, randomized evaluation of intrapartum amnioinfusion. Fetal acid-base status and cesarean delivery.",
"Amnioinfusion for relief of recurrent severe and moderate variable decelerations in labor.",
"... | [
"Patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes are at increased risk to develop intrapartum variable decelerations and fetal distress. Short-term saline solution amnioinfusion may be of benefit in the treatment of variable or prolonged decelerations once they appear. In an effort to assess the benefit of... | The use of amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression may be of considerable benefit to mother and baby by reducing the occurrence of variable FHR decelerations, improving short-term measures of neonatal outcome, reducing maternal postpartum endometritis and lowering the use of caesarean sectio... |
CD002837 | [
"17650935",
"17164546",
"14526151",
"16149365",
"11882400",
"12358242",
"9448611",
"9351723",
"18328440"
] | [
"[Total enteral nutrition vs. total parenteral nutrition in patients with severe acute pancreatitis].",
"A randomized controlled trial of enteral versus parenteral feeding in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis shows a significant reduction in mortality and in infected pancreatic complications with ... | [
"To compare the efficacy of early total enteral nutrition (TEN) vs. total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).\n A total of 22 consecutive patients with SAP were randomized to receive TPN (group I) or TEN (group II). SAP was defined applying APACHE II score, C-... | In patients with acute pancreatitis, enteral nutrition significantly reduced mortality, multiple organ failure, systemic infections, and the need for operative interventions compared to those who received TPN. In addition, there was a trend towards a reduction in length of hospital stay. These data suggest that EN shou... |
CD006289 | [
"17045832",
"16697231",
"19951217",
"17173219",
"11305547",
"18001442",
"8014510",
"9524997",
"10908773"
] | [
"Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis.",
"Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, doub... | [
"Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is particularly common in black women, and in Nigeria it is often caused by Mycoplasma, as well as Atopobium, Prevotella and Gardnerella sp. Antimicrobial metronidazole oral therapy is poorly effective in eradicating the condition and restoring the Lactobacillus microbiota in the vagina. I... | The results do not provide sufficient evidence for or against recommending probiotics for the treatment of BV. The metronidazole/probiotic regimen and probiotic/estriol perparation appear promising but well-designed randomized controlled trials with standardized methodologies and larger patient size are needed. |
CD005114 | [
"10342710",
"12428233",
"16974191",
"8849355",
"16373258",
"15989411",
"15529389",
"18482290",
"17050889"
] | [
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone in severe systemic lupus erythematosus.",
"Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of women with mild-to-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Improvement of sustained att... | [
"To determine if dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is beneficial in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).\n A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial in 21 patients with severe and active SLE, manifestated primarily by nephritis, serositis or hematological abnormalities. In add... | Studying effectiveness of DHEA for SLE is difficult, reflecting the problems of studying any treatment for a disease as complex as SLE. From the seven RCTs to date, there was evidence that DHEA had a modest but clinically significant impact on health related quality of life in the short term. Impact on disease activity... |
CD008070 | [
"15321573",
"15177859",
"7566849",
"11641687",
"8238138",
"9316951",
"3822279",
"9423752",
"9855591"
] | [
"Upright versus recumbent position in the second stage of labour in women with combined spinal-epidural analgesia.",
"A prospective randomised trial on the effect of position in the passive second stage of labour on birth outcome in nulliparous women using epidural analgesia.",
"Randomized trial of epidural ver... | [
"Neuraxial blockade is widely used for pain relief in labour. This form of analgesia may be associated with an increase in instrumental delivery rates due to dystocia. 'Traditional' epidurals cause motor blockade and hence immobility. Using a low dose anaesthetic-opioid combination with either epidural or combined ... | There are insufficient data to say anything conclusive about the effect of position for the second stage of labour for women with epidural analgesia. Women with an epidural should be encouraged to use whatever position they find comfortable in the second stage of labour. Future research should involve large trials of p... |
CD004017 | [
"11192954",
"9926148",
"10974183",
"8620707",
"9112877",
"12953145",
"10767227",
"16327534",
"19075206"
] | [
"Home-based exercise is capable of preserving hospital-based improvements in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.",
"Exercise training improves recovery in patients with COPD after an acute exacerbation.",
"Short- and long-term effects of outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive p... | [
"We examined the feasibility of home-based walking training to maintain the benefits of a short-term exercise training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). After initial recovery from an exacerbation, 46 patients were randomized into a training and a control group, and 30 patients c... | In the short-term, center based programs are superior to home based programs in patients with PVD. There is a high possibility of a training effect however as the center based groups were trained primarily on treadmills (and the home based were not) and the outcome measures were treadmill based. There is conflicting ev... |
CD003327 | [
"12145577",
"16041208",
"9449869",
"19577251",
"2039294",
"1739177",
"20232173",
"18202889",
"14607696"
] | [
"Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy versus endoscopic stone extraction and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for choledocholithiasis. A prospective randomized study.",
"Postoperative ERCP versus laparoscopic choledochotomy for clearance of selected bile duct calculi: a randomized trial.",
... | [
"Our objective is to compare the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and common bile duct (CBD) exploration to those of endoscopic stone extraction and LC in patients with CBD lithiasis based on a prospective randomized study.\n From April 1997 until August 2000, 78 patients were assigned in... | In the era of open cholecystectomy, open bile duct surgery was superior to ERCP in achieving CBD stone clearance. In the laparoscopic era, data are close to excluding a significant difference between laparoscopic and ERCP clearance of CBD stones. The use of ERCP necessitates increased number of procedures per patient. |
CD006343 | [
"8970221",
"10072411",
"10864055",
"12447954",
"9870832",
"2658574",
"9792309",
"18679151",
"10197802"
] | [
"Fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of neonatal fungal septicemia: a prospective randomized trial.",
"Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group.",
"Use of amphotericin ... | [
"Fungal septicemia is a devastating disease in the neonate, especially in the low birth weight preterm infant who is especially vulnerable to disseminated fungal sepsis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and overall convenience of fluconazole vs. amphotericin B for the treatment of dis... | Limited paediatric data are available comparing antifungal agents in children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infection. No differences in mortality or treatment efficacy were observed when antifungal agents were compared. Children are less likely to develop nephrotoxicity with a lipid preparation of... |
CD008666 | [
"16579803",
"12173139",
"20435345",
"15699235",
"1676467",
"18595969",
"8100345",
"7901636",
"10837300"
] | [
"Randomised trial of vitamin A supplementation in pregnant women in rural Malawi found to be anaemic on screening by HemoCue.",
"Antenatal vitamin A supplementation increases birth weight and decreases anemia among infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Malawi.",
"Effect of vitamin A sup... | [
"To assess the effects of vitamin A supplementation in women with anaemia during pregnancy.\n Single-centre randomised controlled trial.\n Rural community in southern Malawi, central Africa.\n Seven hundred women with singleton pregnancies at 12-24 weeks measured by ultr... | The pooled results of two large trials in Nepal and Ghana (with almost 95,000 women) do not currently suggest a role for antenatal vitamin A supplementation to reduce maternal or perinatal mortality. However the populations studied were probably different with regard to baseline vitamin A status and there were problems... |
CD009834 | [
"19572992",
"10464834",
"10227321",
"1391559",
"11786454",
"15297305",
"10934078",
"10337455",
"1889273"
] | [
"Management of bronchiolitis without antibiotics: a multicentre randomized control trial in Bangladesh.",
"Inhaled antibiotic therapy in non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.",
"Decreasing antibiotic use in ambulatory practice: impact of a mu... | [
"To ascertain that antibiotics have no role in the management of bronchiolitis.\n Multicentre randomized control trial (RCT).\n Five purposively selected teaching hospitals in Bangladesh.\n Children under 24 months old with bronchiolitis.\n Children were r... | There is currently insufficient evidence to inform whether antibiotics should be used to treat or prevent persistent respiratory symptoms in the post-acute bronchiolitis phase. Future RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics to reduce persistent respiratory symptoms are required, especially in areas where both ac... |
CD005128 | [
"3511372",
"2189149",
"16773409",
"11752031",
"8897562",
"109598",
"11040176",
"12722031",
"9048349"
] | [
"Therapy of lupus nephritis. Controlled trial of prednisone and cytotoxic drugs.",
"The Medical Research Council trial of short-term high-dose alternate day prednisolone in idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in adults. The MRC Glomerulonephritis Working Party.",
"Effect of fosinopril in c... | [
"We evaluated renal function in 107 patients with active lupus nephritis who participated in long-term randomized therapeutic trials (median follow-up, seven years). For patients taking oral prednisone alone, the probability of renal failure began to increase substantially after five years of observation. Renal fun... | Data from RCTs for any intervention used in improve kidney outcomes in children with HSP are very sparse except for short-term prednisone. There was no evidence of benefit of prednisone in preventing serious long-term kidney disease in HSP. |
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