review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD006345 | [
"21335296",
"15066200",
"3053942",
"12356708",
"12392122",
"1599343",
"11298072",
"15762903",
"10493325"
] | [
"Impact of enhanced pharmacologic care on the prevention of falls: a randomized controlled trial.",
"An outreach intervention to implement evidence based practice in residential care: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN67855475].",
"Clinical evaluation of a venotropic drug in man. Example of Daflon 500 mg.",
... | [
"Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among older adults in the United States. Medications that affect the central nervous system are known to increase the risk of falling.\n The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a community pharmacy-based falls-prevention ... | Due to the extremely limited number of trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for preventing CVI in standing workers. Further large-scale studies examining all possible non-pharmacological interventions and outcomes are required. |
CD008781 | [
"8956924",
"16227648",
"8964276",
"10515178",
"8603630",
"10486294",
"8404750",
"10691121",
"10777431"
] | [
"Vigabatrin vs. carbamazepine monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: a randomized response conditional cross-over study.",
"A comparative study of vigabatrin vs. carbamazepine in monotherapy of newly diagnosed partial seizures in children.",
"A randomised open multicentre comparative trial of lamotrigin... | [
"The clinical efficacy and safety of vigabatrin (VGB) as add-on therapy for pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies is well established. However, for an objective evaluation, the effects of the drug in the monotherapy of newly diagnosed subjects should be determined. With this aim, VGB was compared, in a randomized, re... | There is currently insufficient data to address the risk-benefit balance of using VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy. Considering the high prevalence of visual field defects, reported in an existing systematic review of observational studies (Maguire 2010), the prescribing of VGB monotherapy for epilepsy should be... |
CD003620 | [
"9152515",
"1726411",
"9570235",
"10453813",
"14672612",
"16035063",
"2671116",
"2707520",
"9413463"
] | [
"Protective role of selenium against hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer in Qidong.",
"A preliminary report on the intervention trials of primary liver cancer in high-risk populations with nutritional supplementation of selenium in China.",
"Preliminary report of a randomized, double-blind placebo-contro... | [
"High rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and primary liver cancer (PLC) are present in Qidong county. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated an inverse association between selenium (Se) level and regional cancer incidence, as well as HBV infection. Four-year animal studies showed that dietary supplement of Se... | Our results question the beneficial effects of milk thistle for patients with alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C virus liver diseases and highlight the lack of high-quality evidence to support this intervention. Adequately conducted and reported randomised clinical trials on milk thistle versus placebo are needed. |
CD003928 | [
"15924530",
"20168104",
"15280133",
"9820259",
"17265548",
"18450604",
"15842288",
"3582928",
"10687569"
] | [
"A randomised controlled trial of moxibustion for breech presentation.",
"Moxibustion for breech version: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Acupuncture plus moxibustion to resolve breech presentation: a randomized controlled study.",
"Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: a randomized controlled ... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy of moxibustion for the correction of fetal breech presentation in a non-Chinese population.\n Single-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT).\n Six obstetric departments in Italy.\n Healthy non-Chinese nulliparous pregnant women at 32-33 weeks +... | This review found limited evidence to support the use of moxibustion for correcting breech presentation. There is some evidence to suggest that the use of moxibustion may reduce the need for oxytocin. When combined with acupuncture, moxibustion may result in fewer births by caesarean section; and when combined with pos... |
CD001792 | [
"22527786",
"20613476",
"12697596",
"17275282",
"11732521",
"8398955",
"1599892",
"11220429",
"22145255"
] | [
"Effect of dexamethasone on the frequency of postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.",
"Cosyntropin for prophylaxis against postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture.",
"Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ... | [
"In this study, we evaluated the effect of dexamethasone used as a prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting on the incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in pregnant women receiving spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 372 women under spin... | Morphine and cosyntropin have shown effectiveness for reducing the number of participants affected by PDPH of any severity after a lumbar puncture, when compared to placebo, especially in patients with high risk of PDPH, such as obstetric patients who have had an inadvertent dural puncture. Aminophylline also reduced t... |
CD002025 | [
"7851278",
"16524668",
"7851281",
"16203961",
"10615719",
"8624183",
"3275523",
"16042639",
"16393744"
] | [
"A controlled comparison of buprenorphine and clonidine for acute detoxification from opioids.",
"Well-being, psychosocial factors, and side-effects among heroin-dependent inpatients after detoxification using buprenorphine versus clonidine.",
"Opiate detoxification of methadone maintenance patients using lefet... | [
"We compared the short-term efficacy of a high-dose, 3 day regimen of buprenorphine to a standard 5-day course of clonidine in attenuating the signs and symptoms of the acute opioid abstinence syndrome during rapid detoxification from heroin in 25 men and women admitted to a closed inpatient research ward for this ... | Buprenorphine is more effective than clonidine or lofexidine for the management of opioid withdrawal. Buprenorphine may offer some advantages over methadone, at least in inpatient settings, in terms of quicker resolution of withdrawal symptoms and possibly slightly higher rates of completion of withdrawal. |
CD002804 | [
"15454647",
"3896460",
"2465815",
"7851558",
"9849452",
"18459180",
"2540788",
"8412266",
"1847977"
] | [
"Chemotherapy versus supportive care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: improved survival without detriment to quality of life.",
"Participants in prospective, randomized clinical trials for resected non-small cell lung cancer have improved survival compared with nonparticipants in such trials.",
"Supporti... | [
"In 1995 a meta-analysis of randomised trials investigating the value of adding chemotherapy to primary treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) suggested a small survival benefit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy in each of the primary treatment settings. However, the meta-analysis included many small trial... | Definitive recommendations cannot be made since evidence is only available from one randomised controlled trial which, though of reasonable quality had a number of limitations. There is currently no evidence to support second-line treatment of patients with poor performance status. Larger, well-designed controlled tria... |
CD008879 | [
"9351723",
"3148039",
"16839996",
"15286958",
"6119492",
"10807893",
"8838831",
"10978851",
"17650935"
] | [
"A prospective, randomized trial of early enteral feeding after resection of upper gastrointestinal malignancy.",
"Improvement of nutritional measures during preoperative parenteral nutrition in patients selected by the prognostic nutritional index: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Perioperative nutritional su... | [
"The purpose of the study was to determine whether early postoperative enteral feeding with an immune-enhancing formula (IEF) decreases morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay in patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.\n Early enteral feeding with an IEF has been associated with i... | There have been significant benefits demonstrated with pre-operative administration of IE nutrition in some high quality trials. However, bias was identified which may limit the generalizability of these results to all GI surgical candidates and the data needs to be placed in context with other recent innovations in su... |
CD004951 | [
"10693095",
"1575555",
"9310515",
"20234138",
"1399665",
"11805748",
"7802303",
"8419896",
"7030228"
] | [
"Does supine positioning increase apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation in preterm infants?",
"Effect of positioning on the breathing pattern of preterm infants.",
"Effect of nursing in the head elevated tilt position (15 degrees) on the incidence of bradycardic and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants.",
"Or... | [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prone and supine positioning on the cardiorespiratory stability of preterm infants with apnea and bradycardia.\n A total of 22 preterm infants with symptomatic apnea and bradycardia (gestational age of 26.9 +/- 1.8 weeks and birth weight of 8... | There is insufficient evidence to determine the role of body positioning on apnoea, bradycardia, oxygen desaturation and oxygen saturation. Large randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the effect of body positioning on cardiorespiratory function in spontaneously breathing preterm infants. |
CD003190 | [
"20683",
"9638316",
"16879680",
"18977983",
"12201616",
"10569604",
"458990",
"6337667",
"7905226"
] | [
"Treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial comparing methantheline bromide (Banthine), flavoxate chloride (Urispas) and meladrazine tartrate (Lisidonil).",
"[Intravesical instillation of trospium chloride, oxybutynin and verapamil for relaxation of the bla... | [
"34 patients suffering from detrusor hyperreflexia due to multiple sclerosis entered the trial and 32 patients accomplished. The patients received each drug for a period of 14 days. The patients made records of relevant symptoms, urgency and urge incontinence and compared the treatment periods according to these sy... | Many of the drugs considered in trials in this review are no longer used in clinical practice (and this includes the most commonly tested - flavoxate). There is inadequate evidence as to determine whether any of the available druge are better or worse than anticholinergic medications. Larger randomised controlled trial... |
CD007456 | [
"18556852",
"18395869",
"16427245",
"20157016",
"10833696",
"15249521",
"15515991",
"17848908",
"17134598"
] | [
"Satisfaction of healthy pregnant women receiving short message service via mobile phone for prenatal support: A randomized controlled trial.",
"Anxiety levels in women undergoing prenatal maternal serum screening for Down syndrome: the effect of a fast reporting system by mobile phone short-message service.",
... | [
"The main objective was to compare the satisfaction levels of antenatal care between healthy pregnant women who received short message service (SMS) via mobile phone for prenatal support, and those who did not. The second objective was to compare the confidence, anxiety levels and also pregnancy outcomes.\n ... | We found very limited evidence of low quality that communicating results of medical investigations by mobile phone messaging may make little or no difference to women's anxiety overall or in women with positive test results, but may reduce anxiety in women with negative test results. However, with only one study includ... |
CD004284 | [
"17998689",
"17309176",
"11230886",
"11483325",
"10699690",
"10573224",
"8454476",
"7510599",
"9540175"
] | [
"Optimization of dose and fractionation of endobronchial brachytherapy with or without external radiation in the palliative management of non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective randomized study.",
"Combination of interventional pulmonology techniques (Nd:YAG laser resection and brachytherapy) with external bea... | [
"Endobronchial brachytherapy (EBBT) is an established modality for the palliation in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. We compared three different schedules using EBBT with or without external radiation (XRT) in this setting.\n Forty-five patients were randomized to three treatment arms. Arm A rec... | The evidence did not provide conclusive results that EBB plus EBRT improved symptom relief over EBRT alone. We were not able to provide conclusive evidence to recommend EBB with EBRT, EBB in preference to EBRT, chemotherapy or Nd-YAG laser. From heterogeneous information obtained from several small RCTs, we conclude th... |
CD008893 | [
"16027246",
"20090776",
"17609490",
"20823377",
"19064532",
"18045712",
"19583878",
"18504447",
"18400709"
] | [
"Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives.",
"Dose-related effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on blood pressure.",
"Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Effec... | [
"Consumption of flavanol-rich dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to decrease blood pressure (BP) and insulin resistance in healthy subjects, suggesting similar benefits in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Therefore, we tested the effect of DC on 24-hour ambulatory BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and ora... | Flavanol-rich chocolate and cocoa products may have a small but statistically significant effect in lowering blood pressure by 2-3 mm Hg in the short term.
Our findings are limited by the heterogeneity between trials, which was explored by univariate meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Subgroup meta-analysis of tria... |
CD003333 | [
"16765759",
"15489085",
"18756983",
"10514159",
"19463379",
"15618034",
"9778323",
"12937308",
"19528337"
] | [
"Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial.",
"Comparative effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvul... | [
"Oral anticoagulation therapy reduces risk of vascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, long-term monitoring is necessary and many patients cannot achieve optimum anticoagulation. We assessed whether clopidogrel plus aspirin was non-inferior to oral anticoagulation therapy for prevention of vas... | At present there is little evidence from long term RCTs to recommend the use of antiplatelet therapy to prevent thromboembolism in patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm. A possible interaction with ACE inhibitors may reduce the efficacy of aspirin, although this evidence is mainly from retrospective analyses of t... |
CD007512 | [
"9039930",
"21620064",
"12675716",
"15811482",
"20372900",
"10604250",
"10400458",
"12424720",
"16918535"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial to evaluate flush and reperfusion techniques in liver transplantation.",
"Sequential versus contemporaneous portal and arterial reperfusion during liver transplantation.",
"Comparison of RBCs and FFP with whole blood during liver transplant surgery.",
"Vasopressor administration d... | [
"To determine the impact of different flush and reperfusion techniques on postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) and postoperative graft function, 100 transplants were randomly assigned into four groups as follows: group 1 (n=31), portal vein flush, no vena caval venting; group 2 (n=21), hepatic arterial flush, no vena cav... | There is currently no evidence to support or refute the use of any specific technique of flushing or reperfusion during liver transplantation. Due to the paucity of data, absence of evidence should not be confused with evidence of absence of any differences. Further well designed trials with low risk of systematic erro... |
CD004966 | [
"12163917",
"12887037",
"12363058",
"15941413",
"17002724",
"18337343",
"15876443",
"15040556",
"17105658"
] | [
"Therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children in Cameroon.",
"Efficacy of amodiaquine alone and combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine... | [
"To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodiaquine, and the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine combination for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children in Cameroon.\n In a randomized study we evaluated the effectiveness and toleran... | SP plus AQ performed better at controlling treatment failure at day 28, but was not as good as SP plus AS at reducing gametocyte carriage at day seven. Careful consideration of local resistance patterns is required because resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine are high in many areas. In order to delay... |
CD004551 | [
"16272914",
"12356708",
"19858981",
"12183309",
"14763702",
"15198764",
"15066200",
"15089956",
"11158489"
] | [
"Multicenter pin care study.",
"Educational strategies to promote evidence-based community pharmacy practice: a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT).",
"Pin site care during circular external fixation using two different protocols.",
"Cluster randomised controlled trial of tailored interventions to impro... | [
"Pin-site infection is a common complication of external fixation. Because few studies have compared methods of pin care that reduce infection rate, there is a need for evidence-based practice guidelines for pin-site care.\n Two of 10 original clinical centers completed a prospective, randomized pin-... | The available trial evidence was not extensive, was very heterogeneous and generally of poor quality, so there was insufficient evidence to be able to identify a strategy of pin site care that minimises infection rates. Adequately-powered randomised trials are required to examine the effects of different pin care regim... |
CD003735 | [
"7905226",
"17388711",
"12243210",
"8739805",
"9221965",
"15450054",
"17194269",
"6149737",
"350736"
] | [
"Efficacy of maintenance use of anticholinergic agents.",
"Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with galantamine: a randomized controlled crossover trial.",
"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the discontinuation of long-term antipsychotics in dementia.",
"Time course of physical and psychological responses... | [
"Twenty-seven long-term psychiatric inpatients maintained on neuroleptics with concomitant antiparkinsonian medication were entered into a study in which anticholinergic medication was gradually withdrawn in a randomized double-blind within-subjects design. The extrapyramidal symptoms of each patient were compared ... | As monotherapy or as an adjunct to other antiparkinsonian drugs, anticholinergics are more effective than placebo in improving motor function in Parkinson´s disease. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive adverse events occur more frequently on anticholinergics than on placebo and are a more common reason for withdrawal than l... |
CD000144 | [
"8774514",
"3889259",
"1993961",
"9200358",
"2405141",
"2185026",
"2235230",
"8090164",
"2187176"
] | [
"A multicenter randomized, masked comparison trial of natural versus synthetic surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Exogenous human surfactant for treatment of severe respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized prospective clinical trial.",
"Decreased mortality rate among small prem... | [
"To compare the efficacy and safety of two surfactant preparations in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).\n We conducted a randomized, masked comparison trial at 21 centers. Infants with RDS who were undergoing mechanical ventilation were eligible for treatment with two doses of eit... | Both natural surfactant extracts and synthetic surfactant extracts are effective in the treatment and prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Comparative trials demonstrate greater early improvement in the requirement for ventilator support, fewer pneumothoraces, and fewer deaths associated with natural surfactant... |
CD005161 | [
"7520105",
"9112351",
"10755536",
"9422416",
"11752040",
"12783400",
"15380964",
"9275110",
"11888584"
] | [
"Randomised trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin in prevention of liver allograft rejection. European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group.",
"A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation. FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group.",
"Ran... | [
"Studies in the USA and Japan have shown that tacrolimus (FK506) is a potent immunosuppressant. To compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus-based and conventional cyclosporin-based immunosuppressive regimens we recruited 545 liver transplant recipients from eight European centres into a randomised open trial. ... | Tacrolimus is superior to cyclosporin in improving survival (patient and graft) and preventing acute rejection after liver transplantation, but it increases the risk of post-transplant diabetes. Treating 100 recipients with tacrolimus instead of cyclosporin would avoid acute rejection and steroid-resistant rejection in... |
CD006365 | [
"16754759",
"10665619",
"16816304",
"11104859",
"10667738",
"15741469",
"11579006",
"9685273",
"10422481"
] | [
"Efficacy of the team solutions program for educating patients about illness management and treatment.",
"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication.",
"Outcomes of an effectiveness trial of cognitive-behavioural intervention by... | [
"Despite the demonstrated efficacy of psychosocial approaches to schizophrenia treatment that include a psychoeducational component, such as illness management, the implementation of these approaches into routine mental health treatment has been slow. The authors sought to examine the efficacy of a comprehensive, m... | We found insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the benefits of problem solving therapy as an additional treatment for those with schizophrenia. The small number of participants, the quality of reporting of methods and results were of concern. More trials with adequate reporting of methods to minimize bias, adequat... |
CD006895 | [
"21411836",
"18986600",
"12475845",
"17353072",
"20145608",
"20135748",
"15647189",
"22472744",
"15479682"
] | [
"Daily probiotic's (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) reduction of infection incidence in athletes.",
"Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy--a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
"Immunostimulation with OM-85 in children with recurrent infections of the upper resp... | [
"The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a probiotic supplement during 4 mo of winter training in men and women engaged in endurance-based physical activities on incidence of upper respiratory-tract infections (URTIs) and immune markers. Eighty-four highly active individuals were randomized to probi... | Probiotics were better than placebo in reducing the number of participants experiencing episodes of acute URTIs, the rate ratio of episodes of acute URTI and reducing antibiotic use. This indicates that probiotics may be more beneficial than placebo for preventing acute URTIs. However, the results have some limitations... |
CD001897 | [
"6381101",
"1572493",
"17069813",
"2413761",
"11236120",
"1827075",
"1830104",
"16595242",
"12909492"
] | [
"The efficacy of postoperative hydrotubation: a randomized prospective multicenter clinical trial.",
"Fertility outcome after conservative surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy evaluated in a randomized trial.",
"Proximal tubal occlusion and salpingectomy result in similar improvement in in vitro fertilizatio... | [
"Term pregnancies following surgery on patients with distal tubal obstruction have been disappointingly few. There has been continuing interest in whether postoperative hydrotubation increases the rate of pregnancy following salpingoneostomy and fimbrioplasty. This hypothesis was tested in a prospective, randomized... | There is insufficient evidence to support the routine practice of hydrotubation or second-look laparoscopy following female pelvic reproductive surgery. The studies on which this conclusion is based were either of poor quality or underpowered. These interventions should be performed in the context of a good quality, ad... |
CD010111 | [
"9256142",
"8545141",
"18541884",
"11203735",
"10150323",
"8730431",
"1547671",
"8364943",
"10687326"
] | [
"Phase III placebo-controlled trial of capsaicin cream in the management of surgical neuropathic pain in cancer patients.",
"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy.",
"Controlled trial of high-concentration capsaicin patch for treatm... | [
"A minority of cancer survivors develops long-term postsurgical neuropathic pain. Based on evidence that capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in hot chili peppers, might be useful for treating neuropathic pain, we developed the present clinical trial.\n Ninety-nine assessable patients with postsurgical ... | There were insufficient data to draw any conclusions about the efficacy of low-concentration capsaicin cream in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The information we have suggests that low-concentration topical capsaicin is without meaningful effect beyond that found in placebo creams; given the potential for bias from... |
CD006922 | [
"16424409",
"8098238",
"10084469",
"9500751",
"8756801",
"10227337",
"8880107",
"10752919",
"9385125"
] | [
"The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol.",
"Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment.",
"Long-term cardi... | [
"To compare the safety of salmeterol xinafoate or placebo added to usual asthma care.\n A 28-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, observational study.\n Study subjects were seen once in the study physician's office for screening and were provided all blinded study medica... | We found no statistically significant differences in fatal or non-fatal serious adverse events in trials in which regular salmeterol was randomly allocated with ICS, in comparison to ICS alone at the same dose. Although 13,447 adults and 1862 children have now been included in trials, the frequency of adverse events is... |
CD007346 | [
"11966480",
"9451758",
"12165579",
"14745915",
"18060943",
"11530870",
"12534029",
"12196868",
"7294077"
] | [
"Risk of intrauterine growth retardation, malformations and other birth outcomes in children after topical use of corticosteroid in pregnancy.",
"Population-based case-control study of teratogenic potential of corticosteroids.",
"The effect of a single remote course versus weekly courses of antenatal corticoste... | [
"Topical corticosteroids are frequently used drugs, but little is known of the exposure during pregnancy and birth outcome.\n In a population-based follow-up study restricted to primigravida women, we examined the risk of low birth weight, malformations and other birth outcomes following pregnancy up... | Currently limited and inconclusive data are unable to detect an association between topical corticosteroids and congenital abnormality, preterm delivery, or stillbirth. The current evidence shows no statistically significant difference between pregnant women who use and those who do not use topical corticosteroids. How... |
CD006065 | [
"11788172",
"10485722",
"11430936",
"7900522",
"9532990",
"1492408",
"8098293",
"12576241",
"14746947"
] | [
"The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnants at high risk of preeclampsia.",
"Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial.",
"Supplementary calcium in prevention of pre-eclampsia.",
"Expectant manag... | [
"This study was designed to determine the effect of garlic tablet (Garlet) on plasma lipids, and platelet aggregation and the efficacy of this treatment in the prevention of preeclampsia.\n In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 primigravidas with positive roll-over test were tr... | There is insufficient evidence to recommend increased garlic intake for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Although garlic is associated with odour, other more serious side-effects have not been reported. Further large randomised trials evaluating the effects of garlic are needed before any recommendations... |
CD003462 | [
"12706636",
"11228276",
"12374874",
"11224634",
"1962901",
"10704160",
"9250846",
"1701072",
"2550335"
] | [
"An open-label randomized controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin compared to heparin and coumadin for the treatment of venous thromboembolic events in children: the REVIVE trial.",
"Effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin on thrombus regression and recurrent thromboembolism in patients with deep-vein ... | [
"Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are serious complications in children and for which the standard of care, unfractionated heparin followed by oral anticoagulation (UFH/OA), is problematic. The objective of REVIVE was to compare the efficacy and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (reviparin-sodium) to UFH/O... | Compared to placebo, patients treated with heparins had similar risk of mortality, revascularization, recurrent angina, major bleeding and thrombocytopenia. However, those treated with heparins had decreased risk of MI and a higher incidence of minor bleeding. |
CD008645 | [
"11133338",
"19025276",
"10691755",
"12202066",
"18468543",
"8251017",
"17995993",
"1506933",
"11818305"
] | [
"Effectiveness of monetary incentives for recruiting adolescents to an intervention trial to reduce smoking.",
"Using the internet to assist smoking prevention and cessation in schools: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"A randomised controlled trial of a community intervention to prevent adolescent tobacco use... | [
"The study objective is to evaluate the effect of monetary incentives on response rates of adolescents to a smoking-related survey as the first step toward participation in an intervention trial.\n A sample of 4,200 adolescent members of a managed care organization were randomized to one of four ince... | To date, incentive programmes have not been shown to prevent smoking initiation among youth, although there are relatively few published studies and these are of variable quality. Trials included in this meta-analysis were all studies of the SFC competition, which distributed small to moderately sized prizes to whole c... |
CD006231 | [
"7953415",
"9649045",
"8102542",
"7489170",
"11729380",
"7851857",
"7612367",
"9015941",
"1534528"
] | [
"Laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy: hospitalization, sick leave, analgesia and trauma responses.",
"Laparoscopic vs. open cholecystectomy in patients aged 65 and older.",
"Laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. A prospective, randomized study.",
"Randomized trial of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and min... | [
"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has rapidly become established as the treatment of choice for cholecystolithiasis. There is very little evidence, however, to support the claimed benefit to patients. In the present study 30 consecutive patients below the age of 65 years without acute cholecystitis and with no signs of... | No significant differences were observed in mortality, complications and operative time between laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay and a quicker convalescence compared with the classical open cholecystectomy. These results confirm... |
CD001820 | [
"16714187",
"3516608",
"6401878",
"7934346",
"1987387",
"2857803",
"19458364",
"17239798",
"9403477"
] | [
"Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): randomised controlled trial.",
"Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on antiplatelet agents in diabetic patients after amputation for gangrene: II. Effects of aspirin and dipyridamole on atherosclerotic vasc... | [
"Results of trials of aspirin and dipyridamole combined versus aspirin alone for the secondary prevention of vascular events after ischaemic stroke of presumed arterial origin are inconsistent. Our aim was to resolve this uncertainty.\n We did a randomised controlled trial in which we assigned patien... | For patients who presented with arterial vascular disease, there was no evidence that dipyridamole, in the presence or absence of another antiplatelet drug reduced the risk of vascular death, though it reduces the risk of further vascular events. This benefit was found only in patients presenting after cerebral ischaem... |
CD008343 | [
"10323814",
"18948800",
"11809253",
"15141368",
"12814414",
"20855414",
"9744123",
"21661618",
"20298326"
] | [
"Effect of preoperative abstinence on poor postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers: randomised controlled trial.",
"Effects of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention on postoperative complications: a randomized trial.",
"Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a ran... | [
"To evaluate the influence of preoperative abstinence on postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers with no symptoms who were drinking the equivalent of at least 60 g ethanol/day.\n Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Copenhagen, Denmark.\n 42 alcoholic patients without liver disease ... | Based on the finding of two studies, it appears that intensive preoperative alcohol cessation interventions, including pharmacological strategies for relapse prophylaxis and withdrawal symptoms, may significantly reduce postoperative complication rates. No effect was found on mortality rates and length of stay.
The eff... |
CD007115 | [
"17060567",
"15927394",
"16266355",
"18395345",
"16298061",
"20428412",
"15457467",
"20843911",
"17472599"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.",
"Duloxetine vs. placebo in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy.",
"A double-blind, randomized multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.",
"Efficacy... | [
"Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) are involved in pain modulation via descending inhibitory pathways in the brain and spinal cord.\n To assess the efficacy of duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of 5-HT and NE, on the reduction of pain severity, as well as secondary outcome measures in pati... | There is moderately strong evidence that duloxetine 60 mg and 120 mg daily are efficacious for treating pain in diabetic peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia but 20 mg daily is not. Minor side effects are common at therapeutic doses but serious side effects are rare. Direct comparisons of duloxetine with other antide... |
CD000520 | [
"6416259",
"8948303",
"2898244",
"2116206",
"1814964",
"15880810",
"4267681",
"4204032",
"8242109"
] | [
"Comparison of auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate, and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial.",
"Adding low-dose cyclosporin A to parenteral gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.",
"A controlled trial comparing sulfasalazine, gold s... | [
"A prospective controlled, double-blind multicenter trial compared placebo, auranofin (an orally administered gold complex), and parenteral gold sodium thiomalate (GST) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of 193 patients who received any treatment, the only important improvement identified for either... | Although its use can be limited by the incidence of serious toxicity, injectable gold has an important clinically and statistically significant benefit in the short term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |
CD005304 | [
"19768804",
"9157451",
"9722255",
"11684212",
"9516095",
"8564129",
"8429447",
"8317790",
"19572992"
] | [
"Recombinant human DNase in children with airway malacia and lower respiratory tract infection.",
"[Physical therapy in patients with COPD and tracheobronchial instability--comparison of 2 oscillating PEP systems (RC-Cornet, VRP1 Desitin). Results of a randommized prospective study of 90 patients].",
"Efficacy ... | [
"Children with airway malacia often have protracted courses of airway infections, because dynamic airway collapse during coughing results in impaired mucociliary clearance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the mucolytic drug recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) on the recovery of respir... | There is currently an absence of evidence to support any of the therapies currently utilised for management of intrinsic tracheomalacia. It remains inconclusive whether the use of nebulised rhDNase in children with airway malacia and a respiratory tract infection worsens recovery. It is unlikely that any RCT on surgica... |
CD001067 | [
"3889748",
"3906971",
"453256",
"1816396",
"7821833",
"1385635",
"8866384",
"7447362",
"12548209"
] | [
"Aztreonam versus gentamicin, each with clindamycin, in the treatment of endometritis.",
"Comparative clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime with clindamycin and gentamicin and cefoxitin in the treatment of postcesarean endomyometritis.",
"A comparison of clindamycin-gentamicin and penicillin-gentamicin in the trea... | [
"A randomized comparison of aztreonam (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus gentamicin (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with clindamycin (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 patients with endometritis after cesarean section. Patients in both groups had similar risk fa... | The combination of gentamicin and clindamycin is appropriate for the treatment of endometritis. Regimens with activity against penicillin-resistant anaerobic bacteria are better than those without. There is no evidence that any one regimen is associated with fewer side-effects. Once uncomplicated endometritis has clini... |
CD001755 | [
"10759276",
"21561348",
"8801153",
"8765249",
"19940978",
"9916960",
"21864325",
"18378748",
"8694079"
] | [
"Randomised comparison of Burch colposuspension versus anterior colporrhaphy in women with stress urinary incontinence and anterior vaginal wall prolapse.",
"Anterior colporrhaphy versus transvaginal mesh for pelvic-organ prolapse.",
"Genuine stress incontinence: prospective randomized comparison of two operati... | [
"To compare the Burch colposuspension and the anterior colporrhaphy in women with both stress urinary incontinence and advanced anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele).\n Prospective randomised study.\n Secondary referral centre, Urogynaecology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Ita... | There were not enough data to allow comparison of anterior vaginal repair with physical therapy or needle suspension for primary urinary stress incontinence in women. Open abdominal retropubic suspension appeared to be better than anterior vaginal repair judged on subjective cure rates in eight trials, even in women wh... |
CD004875 | [
"21123487",
"11303262",
"21596845",
"11533321",
"16627487",
"20877714",
"11556595",
"17128838",
"11214557"
] | [
"Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with lower respiratory tract infections.",
"Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.",
"Rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction in community-acquire... | [
"Mycoplasma pneumoniae is known to be a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. We studied 75 children who had been hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs for the detection of M. pneumoniae by serological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a 277-base pair regio... | There is insufficient evidence to draw any specific conclusions about the efficacy of antibiotics for this condition in children (although one trial suggests macrolides may be efficacious in some children with LRTI secondary to Mycoplasma). The use of antibiotics has to be balanced with possible adverse events. There i... |
CD004706 | [
"20619634",
"12529345",
"16868539",
"15199089",
"18534669",
"2181310",
"8081045",
"9345358",
"8080680"
] | [
"Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in endometrial cancer--results from two randomised studies.",
"International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm trial 1: a randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early-stage ovarian cancer.",
"Adjuvant chemotherapy vs radiotherapy in high-risk endo... | [
"Endometrial cancer patients with high grade tumours, deep myometrial invasion or advanced stage disease have a poor prognosis. Randomised studies have demonstrated the prevention of loco-regional relapses with radiotherapy (RT) with no effect on overall survival (OS). The possible additive effect of chemotherapy (... | Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is effective in prolonging the survival of the majority of patients who are assessed as having early (FIGO stage I/IIa) epithelial ovarian cancer. However, it may be withheld from women in whom there is well-differentiated encapsulated unilateral disease (stage 1a grade 1) or those ... |
CD001807 | [
"8238130",
"2206065",
"9580172",
"8116706",
"8827572",
"9119091",
"16602839",
"1407911",
"8238160"
] | [
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with intact membranes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.",
"Administration of antibiotics to patients with rupture of membrane... | [
"Although an association between subclinical intrauterine infection and preterm birth is well established, there is conflicting evidence regarding the benefits of antibiotic administration to women in preterm labor with intact membranes. We attempted to determine the effect of ampicillin-amoxicillin and erythromyci... | No clear practice recommendations can be drawn from the results of this review on this clinically important question, related to a paucity of reliable data. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the effects of routine use of maternal antibiotics for women with prelabour rupture of the ... |
CD002775 | [
"9417158",
"10390266",
"10470576",
"2234715",
"19595367",
"11865270",
"9462187",
"8708885",
"10585975"
] | [
"alpha1-Proteinase inhibitor therapy for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"A three-day course of dexamethasone therapy to prevent chronic lung disease in ventilated neonates: a randomized trial.",
"Early postnatal dexamethasone for the prevention of chroni... | [
"An imbalance between increased neutrophil elastase and a decreased antiprotease shield has been suggested as a factor contributing to the development of chronic lung disease (CLD). We hypothesized that administration of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), also known as alpha1-antitrypsin, to premature neonates wou... | Prophylactic administration of a1PI did not reduce the risk of CLD at 36 weeks or long term adverse developmental outcomes in preterm neonates. |
CD000273 | [
"4014092",
"2672899",
"2688355",
"3559816",
"7310594",
"1586184",
"19926098",
"3948545",
"6753769"
] | [
"Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants.",
"High-dose caffeine suppresses postoperative apnea in former preterm infants.",
"The effect of caffeine compared with theophylline in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants.",
"Theop... | [
"The purpose of our prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy of theophylline ethylenediamine and caffeine sodium citrate in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. Sixteen infants with three or more severe apneic attacks were studied. Twenty-four-hour cardiorespiratory recordings imm... | Caffeine appears to have similar short-term effects on apnea/bradycardia as does theophylline although caffeine has certain therapeutic advantages over theophylline. Theophylline is associated with higher rates of toxicity. The possibility that higher doses of caffeine might be more effective in extremely preterm infan... |
CD008565 | [
"16580386",
"18940877",
"19890022",
"16827766",
"20148739",
"12734787",
"21722894",
"18728175",
"16199429"
] | [
"Simvastatin improves biochemical parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a prospective, randomized trial.",
"The effect of atorvastatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.",
"Comparison of simvastatin and metformin in treatment ... | [
"To test the hypothesis that statins improve hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\n Prospective, randomized trial.\n Academic medical center.\n Forty-eight women with PCOS.\n Subjects were randomized to a statin group (simvasta... | Although statins improve lipid profiles and reduce testosterone levels in women with PCOS, there is no evidence that statins improve resumption of menstrual regularity or spontaneous ovulation, nor is there any improvement of hirsutism or acne. There is a need for further research to be performed with large sample size... |
CD002977 | [
"11517199",
"9447532",
"12780963",
"11433048",
"15042289",
"9859905",
"3102211",
"8120721",
"16837929"
] | [
"A randomised control study comparing the Infant Flow Driver with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants.",
"Comparative efficacy of exosurf and survanta surfactants on early clinical course of respiratory distress syndrome and complications of prematurity.",
"Comparison of two nasal prong... | [
"To compare the effectiveness of the Infant Flow Driver (IFD) with single prong nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in preterm neonates affected by respiratory distress syndrome.\n Randomised controlled study.\n Between September 1997 and March 1999, 36 preterm infants wh... | Short binasal prong devices are more effective than single prongs in reducing the rate of re-intubation. Although the Infant Flow Driver appears more effective than Medicorp prongs the most effective short binasal prong device remains to be determined. The improvement in respiratory parameters with short binasal prongs... |
CD000381 | [
"6875530",
"12527536",
"14552498",
"15741469",
"9699698",
"18552625",
"1384364",
"18930378",
"8916239"
] | [
"Life skills training for chronic schizophrenics.",
"Functional adaptation skills training (FAST): a pilot psychosocial intervention study in middle-aged and older patients with chronic psychotic disorders.",
"Disease management in Latinos with schizophrenia: a family-assisted, skills training approach.",
"A ... | [
"This research evaluates the effectiveness of training chronic schizophrenic patients in interpersonal and instrumental skills for coping adequately in community living situations. The subjects were male, chronic schizophrenic inpatients with histories of multiple rehospitalizations. Twenty-eight volunteers were ra... | Currently there is no good evidence to suggest life skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data are needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether life skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems. |
CD003380 | [
"17007812",
"16551144",
"11735841",
"7896672",
"15100560",
"19702662",
"17907851",
"19968379",
"21319897"
] | [
"Randomized trial of a brief depression prevention program: an elusive search for a psychosocial placebo control condition.",
"Evaluation of universal, indicated, and combined cognitive-behavioral approaches to the prevention of depression among adolescents.",
"A randomized trial of a group cognitive interventi... | [
"This trial compared a brief group cognitive-behavioral (CBT) depression prevention program to a waitlist control condition and four placebo or alternative interventions. High-risk adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (N=225, M age=18, 70% female) were randomized to CBT, supportive-expressive group interve... | There is some evidence from this review that targeted and universal depression prevention programmes may prevent the onset of depressive disorders compared with no intervention. However, allocation concealment is unclear in most studies, and there is heterogeneity in the findings. The persistence of findings suggests t... |
CD002907 | [
"9647029",
"14999693",
"9860409",
"8855179",
"16148557",
"12499786",
"12455806",
"10370679",
"17043424"
] | [
"The effect of ciprofloxacin in the prevention of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis after upper gastrointestinal bleeding.",
"Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial.",
"Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis of bacterial infec... | [
"Cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding are prone to bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic intestinal decontamination with oral ciprofloxacin for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.\n... | Prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding significantly reduced bacterial infections, and seems to have reduced all-cause mortality, bacterial infection mortality, rebleeding events, and hospitalisation length. These benefits were observed independently of the type of an... |
CD003416 | [
"16253973",
"15618254",
"10599545",
"1521653",
"8062954",
"11527895",
"18382904",
"1555692",
"12095487"
] | [
"In unselected patients, elective single embryo transfer prevents all multiples, but results in significantly lower pregnancy rates compared with double embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Two cycles with single embryo transfer versus one cycle with double embryo transfer: a randomized controlled t... | [
"Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in a selected group of patients (i.e. young patients with at least one good quality embryo) reduces the number of multiple pregnancies in an IVF programme. However, the reduced overall multiple pregnancy rate (PR) is still unacceptably high. Therefore, a randomized controlled... | In a single fresh IVF cycle, SET is associated with a lower LBR than DET. However there is no significant difference in CLBR following SET+ 1FZET and the LBR following a single cycle of DET. MPR are lowered following SET compared with other transfer policies. There are insufficient data on the outcome of two versus thr... |
CD001009 | [
"8033499",
"9725117",
"15561449",
"19884613",
"8301791",
"11092064",
"19549054",
"16899830",
"8306757"
] | [
"Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone.",
"Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of pre-cessation therapy.",
"A placebo controlled randomized trial of the effects of phenylpropanolamine and nicotine gum on ces... | [
"To evaluate concurrent administration of mecamylamine (nicotine antagonist) with nicotine skin patch treatment for smoking cessation.\n This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy smokers who smoked at least one pack per day were studied at an outpatient smokin... | Data from two small studies suggest that the combination of nicotine and mecamylamine may be superior to nicotine alone in promoting smoking cessation. However, these results require confirmation in larger studies before the treatment can be recommended clinically. |
CD002835 | [
"9871887",
"9366579",
"12960834",
"15838199",
"18164145",
"15659884",
"11242179",
"20640949",
"17891043"
] | [
"Occupational exposure to HIV: experience at a tertiary care center.",
"A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group.",
"Drug-induced aminotransferase alterations during antiretroviral HIV... | [
"We examined our hospital-based occupational health clinic's experience with combination antiretroviral therapy for postexposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Over a 12-month period, 68 workers started postexposure prophylaxis: 23 with zidovudine and lamivudine and 45 with zidovudine, lamivudi... | The use of occupational PEP is based on limited direct evidence of effect. However, it is highly unlikely that a definitive placebo-controlled trial will ever be conducted, and, therefore, on the basis of results from a single case-control study, a four-week regimen of PEP should be initiated as soon as possible after ... |
CD005186 | [
"18538701",
"10487104",
"14608304",
"19652172",
"17556631",
"16140697",
"3812435",
"18543095",
"9470264"
] | [
"Three successful interventions in health care workers that improve compliance with hand hygiene: is sustained replication possible?",
"[Hand-hygiene and sickness among small children attending day care centers. An intervention study].",
"The effect of hand hygiene on illness rate among students in university r... | [
"Hand hygiene (HH) compliance by health care workers has been universally disappointing. Two major programs (Washington and Geneva) have demonstrated interventions that induce sustained improvement. The introduction of alcohol-based hand rub (AHR) together with education also has been reported to improve compliance... | The quality of intervention studies intended to increase hand hygiene compliance remains disappointing. Although multifaceted campaigns with social marketing or staff involvement appear to have an effect, there is insufficient evidence to draw a firm conclusion. There remains an urgent need to undertake methodologicall... |
CD004075 | [
"15592281",
"11084540",
"15970816",
"17124017",
"16553653",
"19530004",
"7052117",
"11520523",
"7044407"
] | [
"Intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns: a randomized controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry.",
"A multicenter controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry in the intrapartum management of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns.",
"Use of fetal pulse oximetry among high-risk women in l... | [
"We tested if fetal pulse oximetry in addition to electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) and scalp blood sampling improves the accuracy of fetal assessment and allows safe reduction of operative deliveries (-50%) and scalp blood sampling (-50%) performed because of nonreassuring fetal status. Study design A randomized c... | The data provide limited support for the use of fetal pulse oximetry when used in the presence of a nonreassuring CTG, to reduce caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status. The addition of fetal pulse oximetry does not reduce overall caesarean section rates. A better method to evaluate fetal well-being in labour ... |
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