.gitattributes CHANGED
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README.md CHANGED
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ tags:
9
  viewer: true
10
  license: mit
11
  configs:
12
- - config_name: release_2026_01_15
13
  data_files:
14
  - split: raw_claude_ai
15
- path: "release_2026_01_15/data/intermediate/aei_raw_claude_ai_2025-11-13_to_2025-11-20.csv"
16
  - split: raw_1p_api
17
- path: "release_2025_09_15/data/intermediate/aei_raw_1p_api_2025-11-13_to_2025-11-20.csv"
 
 
18
  ---
19
 
20
  # The Anthropic Economic Index
@@ -27,7 +29,6 @@ The Anthropic Economic Index provides insights into how AI is being incorporated
27
 
28
  This repository contains multiple data releases, each with its own documentation:
29
 
30
- - **[2026-01-15 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2026_01_15)**: Updated analysis with economic primitives and Sonnet 4.5
31
  - **[2025-09-15 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_09_15)**: Updated analysis with geographic and first-party API data using Sonnet 4
32
  - **[2025-03-27 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_03_27)**: Updated analysis with Claude 3.7 Sonnet data and cluster-level insights
33
  - **[2025-02-10 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_02_10)**: Initial release with O*NET task mappings, automation vs. augmentation data, and more
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ This repository contains multiple data releases, each with its own documentation
36
  ## Resources
37
 
38
  - [Index Home Page](https://www.anthropic.com/economic-index)
39
- - [4th report](https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-january-2026-report)
40
  - [3rd report](https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-september-2025-report)
41
  - [2nd report](https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-economic-index-insights-from-claude-sonnet-3-7)
42
  - [1st report](https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-economic-index)
@@ -44,31 +44,19 @@ This repository contains multiple data releases, each with its own documentation
44
 
45
  ## License
46
 
47
- Data released under CC-BY, code released under MIT License.
48
 
49
  ## Contact
50
 
51
- For inquiries, contact econ-research@anthropic.com.
52
 
53
  ## Citation
54
 
55
- ### Fourth release
56
-
57
- ```
58
- @online{anthropic2026aeiv4,
59
- author = {Ruth Appel and Maxim Massenkoff and Peter McCrory and Miles McCain and Ryan Heller and Tyler Neylon and Alex Tamkin},
60
- title = {Anthropic Economic Index report: economic primitives},
61
- date = {2026-01-15},
62
-   year = {2026},
63
- url = {https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-january-2026-report},
64
- }
65
- ```
66
-
67
  ### Third release
68
 
69
  ```
70
  @online{appelmccrorytamkin2025geoapi,
71
- author = {Ruth Appel and Peter McCrory and Alex Tamkin and Michael Stern and Miles McCain and Tyler Neylon},
72
  title = {Anthropic Economic Index Report: Uneven Geographic and Enterprise AI Adoption},
73
  date = {2025-09-15},
74
    year = {2025},
 
9
  viewer: true
10
  license: mit
11
  configs:
12
+ - config_name: release_2025_09_15
13
  data_files:
14
  - split: raw_claude_ai
15
+ path: "release_2025_09_15/data/intermediate/aei_raw_claude_ai_2025-08-04_to_2025-08-11.csv"
16
  - split: raw_1p_api
17
+ path: "release_2025_09_15/data/intermediate/aei_raw_1p_api_2025-08-04_to_2025-08-11.csv"
18
+ - split: enriched_claude_ai
19
+ path: "release_2025_09_15/data/output/aei_enriched_claude_ai_2025-08-04_to_2025-08-11.csv"
20
  ---
21
 
22
  # The Anthropic Economic Index
 
29
 
30
  This repository contains multiple data releases, each with its own documentation:
31
 
 
32
  - **[2025-09-15 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_09_15)**: Updated analysis with geographic and first-party API data using Sonnet 4
33
  - **[2025-03-27 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_03_27)**: Updated analysis with Claude 3.7 Sonnet data and cluster-level insights
34
  - **[2025-02-10 Release](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Anthropic/EconomicIndex/tree/main/release_2025_02_10)**: Initial release with O*NET task mappings, automation vs. augmentation data, and more
 
37
  ## Resources
38
 
39
  - [Index Home Page](https://www.anthropic.com/economic-index)
 
40
  - [3rd report](https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-economic-index-september-2025-report)
41
  - [2nd report](https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-economic-index-insights-from-claude-sonnet-3-7)
42
  - [1st report](https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-economic-index)
 
44
 
45
  ## License
46
 
47
+ Data released under CC-BY, code released under MIT License
48
 
49
  ## Contact
50
 
51
+ For inquiries, contact atamkin@anthropic.com. We invite researchers to provide input on potential future data releases using [this form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDEdY-mT5lcXPaDSv-0Ci1rSXGlbIJierxkUbNB7_07-kddw/viewform?usp=dialog).
52
 
53
  ## Citation
54
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
55
  ### Third release
56
 
57
  ```
58
  @online{appelmccrorytamkin2025geoapi,
59
+ author = {Ruth Appel and Peter McCrory and Alex Tamkin and Michael Stern and Miles McCain and Tyler Neylon],
60
  title = {Anthropic Economic Index Report: Uneven Geographic and Enterprise AI Adoption},
61
  date = {2025-09-15},
62
    year = {2025},
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release_2026_01_15/data_documentation.md DELETED
@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
1
- # Data Documentation
2
-
3
- This document describes the data sources and variables used in the fourth Anthropic Economic Index (AEI) report.
4
-
5
- ## Claude.ai Usage Data
6
-
7
- ### Overview
8
- The core dataset contains Claude.ai usage metrics aggregated by geography and analysis dimensions (facets).
9
-
10
- **Source files**:
11
- - `aei_raw_claude_ai_2025-11-13_to_2025-11-20.csv` (pre-enrichment data in data/intermediate/)
12
-
13
- **Note on data sources**: The AEI raw file contains raw counts and percentages.
14
-
15
- ### Data Schema
16
- Each row represents one metric value for a specific geography and facet combination:
17
-
18
- | Column | Type | Description |
19
- |--------|------|-------------|
20
- | `geo_id` | string | Geographic identifier (ISO-3166-1 country code for countries, ISO 3166-2 region code for country-state, or "GLOBAL"). Examples: "USA", "AGO-LUA" (Angola-Luanda), "ALB-02" (Albania-Fier) (raw version uses 2- instead of 3-letter country codes) |
21
- | `geography` | string | Geographic level: "country", "country-state", or "global" |
22
- | `date_start` | date | Start of data collection period |
23
- | `date_end` | date | End of data collection period |
24
- | `platform_and_product` | string | "Claude AI (Free and Pro)" |
25
- | `facet` | string | Analysis dimension (see Facets below) |
26
- | `level` | integer | Sub-level within facet (0-2) |
27
- | `variable` | string | Metric name (see Variables below) |
28
- | `cluster_name` | string | Specific entity within facet (task, pattern, etc.). For intersections, format is "base::category" |
29
- | `value` | float | Numeric metric value |
30
-
31
- ### Facets
32
-
33
- **Geographic Facets:**
34
- - **country**: Country-level aggregations
35
- - **country-state**: Subnational region aggregations (ISO 3166-2 regions globally)
36
-
37
- **Content Facets:**
38
- - **onet_task**: O*NET occupational tasks
39
- - **collaboration**: Human-AI collaboration patterns
40
- - **request**: Request complexity levels (0=highest granularity, 1=middle granularity, 2=lowest granularity)
41
- - **multitasking**: Whether conversation involves single or multiple tasks
42
- - **human_only_ability**: Whether a human could complete the task without AI assistance
43
- - **use_case**: Use case categories (work, coursework, personal)
44
- - **task_success**: Whether the task was successfully completed
45
-
46
- **Numeric Facets** (continuous variables with distribution statistics):
47
- - **human_only_time**: Estimated time for a human to complete the task without AI
48
- - **human_with_ai_time**: Estimated time for a human to complete the task with AI assistance
49
- - **ai_autonomy**: Degree of AI autonomy in task completion
50
- - **human_education_years**: Estimated years of human education required for the task
51
- - **ai_education_years**: Estimated equivalent years of AI "education" demonstrated
52
-
53
- **Intersection Facets:**
54
- - **onet_task::collaboration**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and collaboration patterns
55
- - **onet_task::multitasking**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and multitasking status
56
- - **onet_task::human_only_ability**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and human-only ability
57
- - **onet_task::use_case**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and use case categories
58
- - **onet_task::task_success**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and task success
59
- - **onet_task::human_only_time**: Mean human-only time per O*NET task
60
- - **onet_task::human_with_ai_time**: Mean human-with-AI time per O*NET task
61
- - **onet_task::ai_autonomy**: Mean AI autonomy per O*NET task
62
- - **onet_task::human_education_years**: Mean human education years per O*NET task
63
- - **onet_task::ai_education_years**: Mean AI education years per O*NET task
64
- - **request::collaboration**: Intersection of request categories and collaboration patterns
65
- - **request::multitasking**: Intersection of request categories and multitasking status
66
- - **request::human_only_ability**: Intersection of request categories and human-only ability
67
- - **request::use_case**: Intersection of request categories and use case categories
68
- - **request::task_success**: Intersection of request categories and task success
69
- - **request::human_only_time**: Mean human-only time per request category
70
- - **request::human_with_ai_time**: Mean human-with-AI time per request category
71
- - **request::ai_autonomy**: Mean AI autonomy per request category
72
- - **request::human_education_years**: Mean human education years per request category
73
- - **request::ai_education_years**: Mean AI education years per request category
74
-
75
- ### Core Variables
76
-
77
- Variables follow the pattern `{prefix}_{suffix}` with specific meanings:
78
-
79
- **From AEI raw file**: `*_count`, `*_pct`
80
-
81
- #### Usage Metrics
82
- - **usage_count**: Total number of conversations/interactions in a geography
83
- - **usage_pct**: Percentage of total usage (relative to parent geography - global for countries, parent country for country-state regions)
84
-
85
- #### Content Facet Metrics
86
- **O*NET Task Metrics**:
87
- - **onet_task_count**: Number of conversations using this specific O*NET task
88
- - **onet_task_pct**: Percentage of geographic total using this task
89
- - **onet_task_pct_index**: Specialization index comparing task usage to baseline (global for countries, parent country for country-state regions)
90
- - **onet_task_collaboration_count**: Number of conversations with both this task and collaboration pattern (intersection)
91
- - **onet_task_collaboration_pct**: Percentage of the base task's total that has this collaboration pattern (sums to 100% within each task)
92
-
93
- #### Occupation Metrics
94
- - **soc_pct**: Percentage of classified O*NET tasks associated with this SOC major occupation group (e.g., Management, Computer and Mathematical)
95
-
96
- **Request Metrics**:
97
- - **request_count**: Number of conversations in this request category level
98
- - **request_pct**: Percentage of geographic total in this category
99
- - **request_collaboration_count**: Number of conversations with both this request category and collaboration pattern (intersection)
100
- - **request_collaboration_pct**: Percentage of the base request's total that has this collaboration pattern (sums to 100% within each request)
101
-
102
- **Collaboration Pattern Metrics**:
103
- - **collaboration_count**: Number of conversations with this collaboration pattern
104
- - **collaboration_pct**: Percentage of geographic total with this pattern
105
-
106
- **Multitasking Metrics**:
107
- - **multitasking_count**: Number of conversations with this multitasking status
108
- - **multitasking_pct**: Percentage of geographic total with this status
109
-
110
- **Human-Only Ability Metrics**:
111
- - **human_only_ability_count**: Number of conversations with this human-only ability status
112
- - **human_only_ability_pct**: Percentage of geographic total with this status
113
-
114
- **Use Case Metrics**:
115
- - **use_case_count**: Number of conversations in this use case category
116
- - **use_case_pct**: Percentage of geographic total in this category
117
-
118
- **Task Success Metrics**:
119
- - **task_success_count**: Number of conversations with this task success status
120
- - **task_success_pct**: Percentage of geographic total with this status
121
-
122
- #### Numeric Facet Metrics
123
- For numeric facets (human_only_time, human_with_ai_time, ai_autonomy, human_education_years, ai_education_years), the following distribution statistics are available:
124
-
125
- - **{facet}_mean**: Mean value across all conversations
126
- - **{facet}_median**: Median value across all conversations
127
- - **{facet}_stdev**: Standard deviation of values
128
- - **{facet}_mean_ci_lower**: Lower bound of 95% confidence interval for the mean
129
- - **{facet}_mean_ci_upper**: Upper bound of 95% confidence interval for the mean
130
- - **{facet}_median_ci_lower**: Lower bound of 95% confidence interval for the median
131
- - **{facet}_median_ci_upper**: Upper bound of 95% confidence interval for the median
132
- - **{facet}_count**: Total number of observations for this facet
133
- - **{facet}_histogram_count**: Count of observations in each histogram bin (one row per bin, bin range in cluster_name, e.g., "[1.0, 1.0)")
134
- - **{facet}_histogram_pct**: Percentage of observations in each histogram bin (one row per bin)
135
-
136
- For numeric intersection facets (e.g., onet_task::human_only_time), the same metrics are available per category (e.g., per O*NET task), with cluster_name containing the category identifier:
137
- - **{base}_{numeric}_mean**: Mean value for this category
138
- - **{base}_{numeric}_median**: Median value for this category
139
- - **{base}_{numeric}_stdev**: Standard deviation for this category
140
- - **{base}_{numeric}_count**: Number of observations for this category
141
- - **{base}_{numeric}_mean_ci_lower/upper**: 95% CI bounds for the mean
142
- - **{base}_{numeric}_median_ci_lower/upper**: 95% CI bounds for the median
143
-
144
- #### Special Values
145
- - **not_classified**: Indicates data that was filtered for privacy protection or could not be classified
146
- - **none**: Indicates the absence of the attribute (e.g., no collaboration, no task selected)
147
-
148
- ### Data Processing Notes
149
- - **Minimum Observations**: 200 conversations per country, 100 per country-state region (applied in enrichment step, not raw preprocessing)
150
- - **not_classified**:
151
- - For regular facets: Captures filtered/unclassified conversations
152
- - For intersection facets: Each base cluster has its own not_classified (e.g., "task1::not_classified")
153
- - **Intersection Percentages**: Calculated relative to base cluster totals, ensuring each base cluster's percentages sum to 100%
154
- - **Country Codes**: ISO-3166-1 format for countries, three letter codes in the enriched file (e.g., "USA", "GBR", "FRA") and two letter codes in the raw file (e.g., "US", "GB", "FR"); ISO 3166-2 format for country-state regions (e.g., "AGO-LUA", "ALB-02" in enriched file, or "US-CA" in raw file)
155
- - **Variable Definitions**: See Core Variables section above
156
-
157
- ## 1P API Usage Data
158
-
159
- ### Overview
160
- Dataset containing first-party API usage metrics along various dimensions based on a sample of 1P API traffic and analyzed using privacy-preserving methods.
161
-
162
- **Note**: Unlike Claude.ai data, API data has **no geographic breakdowns** (no country or country-state facets). All API metrics are reported at global level only (`geography: "global"`, `geo_id: "GLOBAL"`).
163
-
164
- **Source file**: `aei_raw_1p_api_2025-11-13_to_2025-11-20.csv` (in data/intermediate/)
165
-
166
- ### Data Schema
167
- Each row represents one metric value for a specific facet combination at global level:
168
-
169
- | Column | Type | Description |
170
- |--------|------|-------------|
171
- | `geo_id` | string | Geographic identifier (always "GLOBAL" for API data) |
172
- | `geography` | string | Geographic level (always "global" for API data) |
173
- | `date_start` | date | Start of data collection period |
174
- | `date_end` | date | End of data collection period |
175
- | `platform_and_product` | string | "1P API" |
176
- | `facet` | string | Analysis dimension (see Facets below) |
177
- | `level` | integer | Sub-level within facet (0-2) |
178
- | `variable` | string | Metric name (see Variables below) |
179
- | `cluster_name` | string | Specific entity within facet. For intersections, format is "base::category" or "base::index"/"base::count" for mean value metrics |
180
- | `value` | float | Numeric metric value |
181
-
182
- ### Facets
183
-
184
- **Content Facets:**
185
- - **onet_task**: O*NET occupational tasks
186
- - **collaboration**: Human-AI collaboration patterns
187
- - **request**: Request categories (hierarchical levels 0-2 from bottom-up taxonomy)
188
- - **multitasking**: Whether conversation involves single or multiple tasks
189
- - **human_only_ability**: Whether a human could complete the task without AI assistance
190
- - **use_case**: Use case categories (work, coursework, personal)
191
- - **task_success**: Whether the task was successfully completed
192
-
193
- **Numeric Facets** (continuous variables with distribution statistics):
194
- - **human_only_time**: Estimated time for a human to complete the task without AI
195
- - **human_with_ai_time**: Estimated time for a human to complete the task with AI assistance
196
- - **ai_autonomy**: Degree of AI autonomy in task completion
197
- - **human_education_years**: Estimated years of human education required for the task
198
- - **ai_education_years**: Estimated equivalent years of AI "education" demonstrated
199
-
200
- **Intersection Facets:**
201
- - **onet_task::collaboration**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and collaboration patterns
202
- - **onet_task::multitasking**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and multitasking status
203
- - **onet_task::human_only_ability**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and human-only ability
204
- - **onet_task::use_case**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and use case categories
205
- - **onet_task::task_success**: Intersection of O*NET tasks and task success
206
- - **onet_task::human_only_time**: Mean human-only time per O*NET task
207
- - **onet_task::human_with_ai_time**: Mean human-with-AI time per O*NET task
208
- - **onet_task::ai_autonomy**: Mean AI autonomy per O*NET task
209
- - **onet_task::human_education_years**: Mean human education years per O*NET task
210
- - **onet_task::ai_education_years**: Mean AI education years per O*NET task
211
- - **onet_task::cost**: Mean cost per O*NET task (indexed, 1.0 = average)
212
- - **onet_task::prompt_tokens**: Mean prompt tokens per O*NET task (indexed, 1.0 = average)
213
- - **onet_task::completion_tokens**: Mean completion tokens per O*NET task (indexed, 1.0 = average)
214
- - **request::collaboration**: Intersection of request categories and collaboration patterns
215
- - **request::multitasking**: Intersection of request categories and multitasking status
216
- - **request::human_only_ability**: Intersection of request categories and human-only ability
217
- - **request::use_case**: Intersection of request categories and use case categories
218
- - **request::task_success**: Intersection of request categories and task success
219
- - **request::human_only_time**: Mean human-only time per request category
220
- - **request::human_with_ai_time**: Mean human-with-AI time per request category
221
- - **request::ai_autonomy**: Mean AI autonomy per request category
222
- - **request::human_education_years**: Mean human education years per request category
223
- - **request::ai_education_years**: Mean AI education years per request category
224
- - **request::cost**: Mean cost per request category (indexed, 1.0 = average)
225
- - **request::prompt_tokens**: Mean prompt tokens per request category (indexed, 1.0 = average)
226
- - **request::completion_tokens**: Mean completion tokens per request category (indexed, 1.0 = average)
227
-
228
- ### Core Variables
229
-
230
- #### Content Facet Metrics
231
- **O*NET Task Metrics**:
232
- - **onet_task_count**: Number of 1P API records using this specific O*NET task
233
- - **onet_task_pct**: Percentage of total using this task
234
-
235
- **Request Metrics**:
236
- - **request_count**: Number of 1P API records in this request category
237
- - **request_pct**: Percentage of total in this category
238
-
239
- **Collaboration Pattern Metrics**:
240
- - **collaboration_count**: Number of 1P API records with this collaboration pattern
241
- - **collaboration_pct**: Percentage of total with this pattern
242
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- **Multitasking Metrics**:
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- - **multitasking_count**: Number of records with this multitasking status
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- - **multitasking_pct**: Percentage of total with this status
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- **Human-Only Ability Metrics**:
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- - **human_only_ability_count**: Number of records with this human-only ability status
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- - **human_only_ability_pct**: Percentage of total with this status
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- **Use Case Metrics**:
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- - **use_case_count**: Number of records in this use case category
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- - **use_case_pct**: Percentage of total in this category
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- **Task Success Metrics**:
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- - **task_success_count**: Number of records with this task success status
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- - **task_success_pct**: Percentage of total with this status
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- #### Numeric Facet Metrics
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- For numeric facets (human_only_time, human_with_ai_time, ai_autonomy, human_education_years, ai_education_years), the following distribution statistics are available:
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- - **{facet}_mean**: Mean value across all records
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- - **{facet}_median**: Median value across all records
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- - **{facet}_stdev**: Standard deviation of values
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- - **{facet}_mean_ci_lower**: Lower bound of 95% confidence interval for the mean
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- - **{facet}_mean_ci_upper**: Upper bound of 95% confidence interval for the mean
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- - **{facet}_median_ci_lower**: Lower bound of 95% confidence interval for the median
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- - **{facet}_median_ci_upper**: Upper bound of 95% confidence interval for the median
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- - **{facet}_count**: Total number of observations for this facet
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- - **{facet}_histogram_count**: Count of observations in each histogram bin (one row per bin)
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- - **{facet}_histogram_pct**: Percentage of observations in each histogram bin (one row per bin)
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- #### Indexed Facet Metrics (API-specific)
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- For indexed facets (cost_index, prompt_tokens_index, completion_tokens_index), values are normalized so that 1.0 represents the average:
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- - **{facet}_index**: Re-indexed mean value (1.0 = average across all categories)
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- - **{facet}_count**: Number of records for this metric
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- #### Intersection Metrics
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- For categorical intersections (e.g., onet_task::collaboration):
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- - **{base}_{secondary}_count**: Records with both this base category and secondary category
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- - **{base}_{secondary}_pct**: Percentage of the base category's total with this secondary category
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- For numeric intersections (e.g., onet_task::human_only_time):
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_mean**: Mean value for this category
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_median**: Median value for this category
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_stdev**: Standard deviation for this category
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_count**: Number of observations for this category
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_mean_ci_lower/upper**: 95% CI bounds for the mean
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- - **{base}_{numeric}_median_ci_lower/upper**: 95% CI bounds for the median
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- ## External Data Sources
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- We use external data to enrich Claude usage data with external economic and demographic sources.
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- ### ISO Country Codes
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- **ISO 3166 Country Codes**
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- International standard codes for representing countries and territories, used for mapping IP-based geolocation data to standardized country identifiers.
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- - **Standard**: ISO 3166-1
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- - **Source**: GeoNames geographical database
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- - **URL**: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt
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- - **License**: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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- - **Attribution note**: Data in the data/intermediate and data/output folders have been processed and modified from original source; modifications to data in data/intermediate include extracting only tabular data, selecting a subset of columns, and renaming columns; modifications to data in data/output include transforming data to long format
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- - **Download date**: September 2, 2025
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- - **Output files**:
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- - `geonames_countryInfo.txt` (raw GeoNames data in data/input/)
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- - `iso_country_codes.csv` (processed country codes in data/intermediate/)
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- - **Key fields**:
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- - `iso_alpha_2`: Two-letter country code (e.g., "US", "GB", "FR")
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- - `iso_alpha_3`: Three-letter country code (e.g., "USA", "GBR", "FRA")
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- - `country_name`: Country name from GeoNames
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- - **Usage**: Maps IP-based country identification to standardized ISO codes for consistent geographic aggregation
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- ### ISO Region Code Mapping
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- Region-level geographic data uses ISO 3166-2 standard subdivision codes. Some countries were excluded from region-level analysis due to mapping issues between source data codes and ISO 3166-2 standards. Country-level data remains available for all countries.