Associations:
American Anthropological Association: Founded in 1902, the AAA is the world's largest organization of individuals interested in anthropology. This new, national organization was formed "to promote the science of anthropology, to stimulate and coordinate the efforts of American anthropologists, to foster local and other societies devoted to anthropology,[and] to serve as a bond among American anthropologists and anthropological organizations."

Archaeological Institute of America: This organization is the oldest in America dedicated to archaeology, and has 10,000 members in 102 local societies.

National Association for the Practice of Anthropology: The mission of NAPA is to promote the practice of anthropology and the interests of practicing anthropologists, and to further the practice of anthropology as a profession.


to promote the practice of anthropology and the interests of practicing anthropologists, and to further the practice of anthropology as a profession.Paleoanthropology Society: Founded in 1992. the organization's central goal is to bring together physical anthropologists, archaeologists, paleontologists, geologists and a range of other researchers whose work has the potential to shed light on hominid behavioral and biological evolution.

Royal Anthropological Institue: The RAI is dedicated to anthropology (the study of humankind) in its broadest, inclusive sense. The RAI seeks to combine the tradition of scholarship with the active provision of services to contemporary anthropology and anthropologists (including students of anthropology). It has a particular commitment to promoting the public understanding of anthropology, and the contribution of anthropology to public affairs. Membership is from all over the world.


to promoting the public understanding of anthropology, and the contribution of anthropology to public affairs. Membership is from all over the world.Society for American Archaeology: The Society for American Archaeology (SAA) is an international organization dedicated to the research, interpretation, and protection of the archaeological heritage of the Americas. With more than 7,000 members, the society represents professional, student, and avocational archaeologists working in a variety of settings including government agencies, colleges and universities, museums, and the private sector.

Society for Applied Anthropology: The mission of the SfAA is to promote the investigation of the principles of human behavior and their application to contemporary issues and problems. Members include professionals in academia, business, law, health and medicine. Members are represented by a variety of disciplines - anthropology, sociology, economics, business, planning, medicine, nursing and law.


and medicine. Members are represented by a variety of disciplines - anthropology, sociology, economics, business, planning, medicine, nursing and law.Society for the Anthropology of Europe: The purpose of the SAE is, in part: to strengthen national and international networks between colleagues; encourage comparative research; promote Europeanist anthropology; facilitate dissemination of information about employment opportunities, grants, visiting European scholars, and other resources; promote the professional integration of students specializing in Europe.

World Archaeology Congress: The WAC is a non-governmental, not-for-profit organization and is the only representative world-wide body of practicing archaeologists. WAC seeks to promote interest in the past in all countries, to encourage the development of regionally-based histories and to foster international academic interaction.


General:
European Library Catalog: Combined searching of the resources of European national libraries.

Regional and Global Library Catalogs: Links to library catalogs around the world.

Internet Archaeology: Open access journal for archaeological works.


Projects:
understandingrace.com: The American Anthropological Association's Project, RACE, explores race from three perspectives.


Career and Job Outlook:
Versatile PhD: Versatile PhD's mission is to help humanities and social science and STEM graduate students identify and prepare for possible non-academic careers. Additional career planning help can be found at the Office of Career Planning & Professional Development .


CUNY-Wide Funding Sources:
Office of Research and Sponsored Programs: The office of Research and Sponsored Programs (RSP) is the CUNY Graduate School and University Center’s central administrative unit for overseeing GC-CUNY applications for, and awards of, governmental and foundation funding.


Grants and Research Awards:
Center for Digital Education: The Center for Digital Education (CDE) is a national research and advisory institute specializing in K-12 and higher education technology trends, policy and funding.  The Grants list includes Science, Engineering, and Social Science Opportunities, specifically in education.

Social Science Research Foundation Fellowships List: The Social Science Research Council is an independent, nonprofit international organization founded in 1923. It nurtures new generations of social scientists, fosters innovative research, and mobilizes necessary knowledge on important public issues.


in 1923. It nurtures new generations of social scientists, fosters innovative research, and mobilizes necessary knowledge on important public issues.Pivot-RP: Grants, internships, and graduate and post-graduate fellowships in all subject areas. Search for open funding opportunities and information about previously awarded grants. Users may create an optional personal account to use enhanced features such as saving searches and tracking funding opportunities. Once you create an account, you can also claim and configure your user profile to receive personalized automated funding recommendations targeted to your research interests. To create an account, select the Use Email Address/Create Password option and fill out the form using your @gradcenter.cuny.edu or @gc.cuny.edu address. For Affiliated Member Institution, select "Graduate Center, The City University of New York." Look for the verification email in your inbox to finish the process. After the initial setup, you will be recognized as a GC researcher whenever you log into your personal account.


University Funding Directories:
Duke University Office of Research Support: Duke University compiled resources on funding opportunities by discipline.  Includes Arts & Humanities, Medical Funding, and Community Project subjects.

GRAPES - UCLA Graduate & Postdoctoral Extramural Support: Contains over 500 private and publicly funded awards, fellowships, and internships.

Michigan State University Grants for Individuals Compilation: Includes a frequently updated comprehensive list of grants to individuals organized by academic discipline or subject, population group, and academic level.


Article Databases:
Social Science Citation Index: Bibliographic citation, abstract, cited references, and times cited. These records are for articles in major social science journals from 1975 to the present.

Academic Search Complete: A multi-disciplinary database with more than 8,500 full-text periodicals, including more than 7,300 peer-reviewed journals.  In addition to full text, the database includes indexing and abstracts for more than 12,500 journals and more than 13,200 publications, such as monographs, reports, conference proceedings, etc.  While full text is available as far back as 1887 for a few titles, the text of most titles is available only for the past decade or two.


edings, etc.  While full text is available as far back as 1887 for a few titles, the text of most titles is available only for the past decade or two.Social Sciences Full Text: Provides access to English-language social science journals, including full text from 215 titles beginning in 1995 and indexing and abstracts of over 625 titles beginning in 1983, 400 of which are peer-reviewed. Subject coverage includes addiction studies, anthropology, community health & medical care, communications, economics, environmental studies, ethics, family studies, gender studies, geography, international relations, law, mass media, minority studies, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, urban studies and more.


national relations, law, mass media, minority studies, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, urban studies and more.Nexis Uni (previously LexisNexis): Nexis Uni is a full-text news, business, and legal database with sources from around the world, including local, regional, national, and international newspapers, scholarly journals, trade journals, and popular magazines, television and radio broadcasts, and newswires and blogs. Legal sources include federal and state cases and statutes, including U.S. Supreme Court decisions since 1790. Also contains business information on U.S. and international companies (see Dossier section) and patent data (see TotalPatent One section).

Nexis Uni video tutorials


siness information on U.S. and international companies (see Dossier section) and patent data (see TotalPatent One section).

Nexis Uni video tutorialsEconLit: Full-text articles in all fields of economics, including capital markets, country studies, econometrics, economic forecasting, environmental economics, government regulations, labor economics, monetary theory, and urban economics. Also includes citations and abstracts to journal articles, books, collective volume articles, dissertations, working papers, and book reviews dating back to 1886. EconLit is updated weekly and contains more than 1.6 million records.


Electronic Journals Related to Grants Research and Writing:
Children and Youth Funding Report: Provides coverage of federal, foundation, and private grant opportunities for programs in the areas of public assistance, child welfare, youth crime, juvenile justice, education, mental health, substance abuse, disability services, and health care.

Chronicle of Philanthropy: The Chronicle provides news and information for tax-exempt organizations in health, education, religion, the arts, social services, and other fields, as well as fund raisers, professional employees of foundations, institutional investors, corporate grant makers, and charity donors. Along with news, it offers such service features as lists of grants, fundraising ideas and techniques, statistics, reports on tax and court rulings, summaries of books, and a calendar of events.


ures as lists of grants, fundraising ideas and techniques, statistics, reports on tax and court rulings, summaries of books, and a calendar of events.Philanthropy News Digest (from Candid): Foundation News & Commentary embodies and promotes the goals of the Council on Foundations, serving as a vehicle for information, ideas, analysis and commentary relevant to effective grantmaking.

Nonprofit Management and Leadership: Nonprofit Management and Leadership (NML) is the first journal to bring together the best thinking and most advanced knowledge about the special needs,challenges, and opportunities of nonprofit organizations.

Nonprofit World Funding Alert: Since 1995, the leading on-line funding newsletter providing monthly updates on current grant and funding opportunities for nonprofit organizations.  Readers will find the latest information on national and regional funding opportunities from across the country, categorized by type (i.e., civic, educational, health, etc.), as well as in-depth profiles on various foundations


portunities from across the country, categorized by type (i.e., civic, educational, health, etc.), as well as in-depth profiles on various foundationsVOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations: Voluntas is essential reading for all those engaged in research on the Third Sector (voluntary and nonprofit organizations) including economists, lawyers, political scientists, psychologists, sociologists, and social and public policy analysts. It presents leading-edge academic argument around civil society issues in a style that is accessible to practitioners and policymakers


Library Workshops:
Check the library calendar for upcoming workshops about library research and scholarly publishing. NYPL encourages instructors to bring their classes for a visit to learn about their collections: Bring Your Class to the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building .


Library Blog:
Consult the library blog to see what's new. Subscribe to receive new posts by email.


Request Articles, Books and More through Interlibrary Loan:
The GC Library ILL team can get you information from other libraries, help you access locally available information, and connect you to free online resources. ILL is usually fast (unless it is rare or from far away...but we can still often get those items, too) and always easy and worth a try!


Suggest New Materials:
The library welcomes suggestions for new books and other materials. Need It Soon? Purchasing and processing new materials takes weeks. If you need an item quickly, request it via Interlibrary Loan . Faculty: To request materials for a GC course you're teaching, use the Reserve Request Form .


Using the History Research Guide:
`This guide provides easy access to research resources for History and related subjects. Navigate using the tabs above or the links below: To search for journal articles , go to Articles To search for print and electronic books , go to Books To learn about primary sources , go to Primary Sources To search and review previous dissertations, go to D issertations For help with citations and bibliographies , go to Citing Sources To find grant and fellowship opportunities , go to Funding Need help? Visit the reference desk, use our 24/7 chat reference service , or contact S tephen Klein .


E-Research Basics:
Our E-Research Basics guide acquaints you with the basics of doing online research through the Mina Rees Library. You'll find information about logging in for remote access, deciding on and searching within a database, locating specific articles and doing broad exploratory searches, determining whether the GC has access to a particular journal, and more.


Popular Starting Places:
OneSearch: OneSearch combines many initial searches into one interface: it includes print books from all CUNY libraries; Graduate Center ebooks; a massive index of articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers; Graduate Center course reserves; dissertations at CUNY and beyond; and unique digital content.

Journal Search: Search the Graduate Center's holdings in electronic and print journals, magazines, and newspapers and browse the electronic titles by subject.

WorldCat Discovery: WorldCat Discovery is a catalog and discovery system containing millions of records for print and electronic holdings in thousands of libraries around the world.


Archival Research:
Introduction to Archival Research Archival Research LibGuide Digitized Primary Sources


Find Articles|Databases: Find Articles|Databases


Looking for a Specific Journal?:
Electronic and Print Journals at the Graduate Center: Search the GC library's holdings of print and electronic journals, magazines, and newspapers.

Electronic Journals at New York Public Library: Find electronic journals available both at NYPL and from home.

Print Journals at New York Public Library: Search NYPL's research catalog for journals, magazines, and newspapers not available electronically.


Databases in which to find History articles:
Social Science Citation Index: Bibliographic citation, abstract, cited references, and times cited. These records are for articles in major social science journals from 1975 to the present.

Burlington Magazine Index: Registration is free but required. The BMI is updated quarterly and currently covers the period 1903-1977. All the editorial content of The Burlington Magazine - articles, letters, reviews, calendars - and its illustrations are included with direct links to the full text in JSTOR.

Humanities Source: Over 1,500 full-text journals dating back to 1907.  Includes millions of records covering archaeology, art, communications, dance, film, folklore, history, journalism, linguistics, literary and social criticism, classical studies, area studies and gender studies. Should be included in any humanities search.


urnalism, linguistics, literary and social criticism, classical studies, area studies and gender studies. Should be included in any humanities search.America: History & Life: Abstracts of articles covering the history and culture of the United States and Canada, from prehistory to the present. The database indexes 1,700 journals from 1964 to present and includes citations and links to book and media reviews.


, from prehistory to the present. The database indexes 1,700 journals from 1964 to present and includes citations and links to book and media reviews.JSTOR: A digital library containing journals, books, images, and primary sources. The GC’s subscription includes JSTOR’s Arts and Sciences I-XII collections of scholarly journals across the social sciences and humanities. Coverage begins with the first issue of almost every journal and continues through varying periods within the last five years. Also included are more than 700 freely accessible collections of illustrations, letters, literary documents, newspapers, magazines, photographs, postcards, and yearbooks; open access alternative press publications from the latter half of the 20th century; and thousands of research reports. 3+ million images in Artstor are also now discoverable in JSTOR. Browse content by subject, title, or collection, or search across the full resource. Register for a free personal account to save materials and organize your work.


t by subject, title, or collection, or search across the full resource. Register for a free personal account to save materials and organize your work.Project Muse: The CUNY and Graduate Center subscriptions provide access to the full text of nearly 400 journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences along with over 70,000 e-books and 4,600 open access books.  Select “Browse All Muse” and filter by Access type “Only content I have access to” to see subscribed and OA content. Or look for the green check mark and OA icons that appear next to accessible titles when searching across the platform. E-books are also available via the separate link to Project Muse E-Books .


s that appear next to accessible titles when searching across the platform. E-books are also available via the separate link to Project Muse E-Books .Academic Search Complete: A multi-disciplinary database with more than 8,500 full-text periodicals, including more than 7,300 peer-reviewed journals.  In addition to full text, the database includes indexing and abstracts for more than 12,500 journals and more than 13,200 publications, such as monographs, reports, conference proceedings, etc.  While full text is available as far back as 1887 for a few titles, the text of most titles is available only for the past decade or two.

Seventeenth-Eighteenth (17th-18th) Century Burney Collection Newspapers: The newspapers, pamphlets, and books gathered by the Reverend Charles Burney (1757-1817) represent the largest and most comprehensive collection of early English news media. The present digital collection, charting the development of the concept of news, newspapers, and the free press, totals almost one-million pages and contains approximately 1,270 titles.


rting the development of the concept of news, newspapers, and the free press, totals almost one-million pages and contains approximately 1,270 titles.Academic OneFile: Provides full-text articles in all subject areas from over 19,000 scholarly journals and other authoritative sources as well as thousands of podcasts and transcripts from NPR (National Public Radio) and CNN, and videos from BBC Worldwide Learning.  Subjects covered include biology, chemistry, criminal justice, economics, environmental science, history, marketing, political science, and psychology.


ubjects covered include biology, chemistry, criminal justice, economics, environmental science, history, marketing, political science, and psychology.Essay and General Literature Index: Contains citations to essays in collections of mostly scholarly works and miscellaneous works published since 1985 in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Approximately 340 volumes are indexed annually. While abstracts of essays are not included, users can follow links to the volumes containing the essays to see complete contents and additional information. An extremely useful resource for all disciplines because it indexes sources not covered elsewhere. Search simultaneously with Essay and General Literature Retrospective by selecting both resources from the “choose databases” link.


covered elsewhere. Search simultaneously with Essay and General Literature Retrospective by selecting both resources from the “choose databases” link.Essay and General Literature Retrospective: Indexes over 270,000 essays from anthologies and collections covering a wide range of humanities and social sciences disciplines published in English in the U.S., Canada, and Great Britain between 1900 and 1984. Search simultaneously with Essay and General Literature Index by selecting both resources from the “choose databases” link.

HAPI: Hispanic American Periodicals Index: HAPI indexes 400+ journals and includes the contents of 700+ journals published around the world on Latin America and the Caribbean since 1967. Includes over 335,000 citations and more than 170,000 links to full text articles covering political, economic and social issues along with the arts and humanities. Search using English, Spanish, or Portuguese.


to full text articles covering political, economic and social issues along with the arts and humanities. Search using English, Spanish, or Portuguese.Social Sciences Full Text: Provides access to English-language social science journals, including full text from 215 titles beginning in 1995 and indexing and abstracts of over 625 titles beginning in 1983, 400 of which are peer-reviewed. Subject coverage includes addiction studies, anthropology, community health & medical care, communications, economics, environmental studies, ethics, family studies, gender studies, geography, international relations, law, mass media, minority studies, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, urban studies and more.


national relations, law, mass media, minority studies, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, urban studies and more.Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1983: Indexes hundreds of important journals in the social sciences. Subject coverage Includes addiction studies, anthropology, area studies, communications and mass media, community health and medical care, criminal justice, economics, environmental studies, family studies, gender studies, geography, international relations, law, minority studies, planning and public administration, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, sociology and urban studies.


rity studies, planning and public administration, political science, psychiatry, psychology, public welfare, social work, sociology and urban studies.SocINDEX with Full Text: Comprehensive coverage of sociology, encompassing all sub-disciplines and related areas of study. The database features 2.1 million records with subject headings from a 20,000+ term sociological thesaurus. Also contains abstracts for more than 4,650 journals, some dating to 1895 and extensive indexing for books/monographs and conference papers. Contains full text for more than 830 books and monographs, 16,800 conference papers, and 860 journals dating back to 1908. Searchable cited references and thousands of author profiles are also included.

U.S. History in Context: Content includes reference works, millions of news and periodical articles, and more than 5,000 rare and vital primary source documents that range from slave journals to presidential papers.


ns of news and periodical articles, and more than 5,000 rare and vital primary source documents that range from slave journals to presidential papers.World History in Context: World History in Context spans the ancient world to the present day and chronicles the cultures and societies that have formed history. Content is aligned with state and national curriculum standards and is cross searchable with U.S. History in Context.

World History in Video: More than 1,750 documentaries exploring human history from the earliest civilizations to the late twentieth century.


Google Scholar:
Google Scholar provides a simple way to search broadly for scholarly literature, including journal articles and books. The Graduate Center Library has created a customized version that knows the library’s electronic journal holdings and links you directly to the articles in the library’s databases. Go to GC-customized Google Scholar Note: If you’re off campus, you’ll be prompted to log in with your GC credentials before you can access library subscriptions.


Article & Journal Impact:
Article Impact: One measure of the impact of an article is the number of times it has been cited by other articles. These databases offer robust cited reference searching:

Web of Science: Massive multidisciplinary index of scholarly publications, with especially strong coverage of the sciences and social sciences. Includes numerous sub-databases, most notably the Web of Science Core Collection, which provides cover-to-cover indexing of 21,000+ peer-reviewed journals. Includes citation data for publications, allowing searchers to identify highly cited articles, find citations to a given article/author, and track citations over time. Includes detailed author records and several unique search capabilities, such as the ability to search by author affiliation, grant number, or chemical structure. Also includes awarded grant information and associated publications.


the ability to search by author affiliation, grant number, or chemical structure. Also includes awarded grant information and associated publications.Google Scholar: Google Scholar provides a simple way to search broadly for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts, and articles from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities, and other scholarly organizations. Follow the steps to customize Google Scholar to make it easy to find full text at the GC.

Journal Impact: A journal's impact is calculated by analyzing (in different ways by different tools) how frequently its articles are cited. Journal-level metrics are provided by:


impact is calculated by analyzing (in different ways by different tools) how frequently its articles are cited. Journal-level metrics are provided by:Journal Citation Reports: Presents an array of citation-based metrics for journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. Provides Journal Impact Factor (i.e., average number of citations in a given year to articles published by that journal in the previous two years, averaged over the number of articles published in those two years) for many but not all covered journals. Search or browse the database by journal (title or ISSN), subject category, or publisher. Compare metrics for up to four journals simultaneously.

SCImago Journal & Country Rank: SCImago Journal & Country Rank is a journal-ranking site that includes the journals contained in the database Scopus.

Google Scholar Metrics: Google Scholar Metrics provide an easy way for to gauge the visibility and influence of recent articles in scholarly journals.

For more information, see the Research Metrics guide.


CUNY OneSearch:
OneSearch: OneSearch combines many initial searches into one interface: it includes print books from all CUNY libraries; Graduate Center ebooks; a massive index of articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers; Graduate Center course reserves; dissertations at CUNY and beyond; and unique digital content.


Books Beyond the GC:
If the Graduate Center does not have the book you need, you can have the book sent here from another library.

CUNY CLICS: You can have books from other CUNY libraries sent to the GC library, or to the CUNY library of your choice. Find a book in OneSearch, log in, and initiate a request. CLICS is for circulating books only, not reference books, electronic books, periodicals, etc. If you need a scan of an article or book chapter, submit an interlibrary loan request.

WorldCat Discovery: WorldCat Discovery is a catalog and discovery system containing millions of records for print and electronic holdings in thousands of libraries around the world.

Interlibrary Loan: If the book or article you need is not available at the GC library, you can request it via interlibrary loan.


es around the world.

Interlibrary Loan: If the book or article you need is not available at the GC library, you can request it via interlibrary loan.Outside CUNY: NYPL, MaRLI, METRO, & SHARES: Graduate Center users receive special NYPL privileges and may be eligible through MaRLI for borrowing privileges at NYU and Columbia. METRO and SHARES provide other possibilities for access to books.


Ebooks:
The library provides access to many thousands of ebooks, accessible through a variety of databases. Most can be found using OneSearch . Consult our ebooks guide for more information.


Quick Tips about GC Ebooks:
Find most CUNY and Graduate Center eBooks in OneSearch , with links to the full text. See also our tips for locating e-books blog post. Some ebooks are licensed for CUNY-wide use; others are licensed only to invididual CUNY campuses Graduate Center affiliates do not have remote access to ebooks held by other CUNY campuses. If you have a dual affiliation, you can access each campus's electronic collections using the OneSearch interface and credentials for that school. Printing and downloading options will vary according to platform or publisher, and is often prohibited or extremely limited. If there’s an e-book you can’t find, try Interlibrary Loan (ILL): Requests for chapters of books are often sent as electronic files through Interlibrary Loan , whereas whole ebooks are often not available via ILL due to licensing and digital restrictions of library ebooks. Try a request for a chapter or section!


Reference Ebooks:
Gale Ebooks (formerly Gale Virtual Reference Library): Full text of over 1,800 reference works published by Gale, Brill Academic, Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Greenwood, Sage, Salem Press, Wiley, and others. Titles include American Civil War Reference Library, Ancient Europe, 8000 BC to AD 1000, Encyclopedia of Aging, Encyclopedia of American Religions, Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, Encyclopedia of Urban Studies, Encyclopedia of World Biography, Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, Magill's Survey of World Literature, Vietnam War Reference Library; World Education Encyclopedia.


America, Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, Magill's Survey of World Literature, Vietnam War Reference Library; World Education Encyclopedia.Oxford Handbooks Online: Collection of 600+ Oxford University Press handbooks in a wide range of subjects. Select “Unlocked” to see available titles, which may also be found in OneSearch . Other than Music, our collections do not include titles published after 2014. Those handbooks are available through the New York Public Library remotely .

Oxford Reference: Text of nearly 400 Oxford University Press reference works in 25 core subject areas. Titles include Oxford Companions to American Literature, American Theatre, the Bible, British History, Classical Civilization, History of Modern Science, Music, Philosophy, Politics of the World, Shakespeare, United States History, and Western Art. Available titles may be found in OneSearch .


Diaries & Documents:
Chronology of US Historical Documents: Full-text of U.S. historical documents. From the University of Oklahoma's School of Law.

Manuscript Women's Letters and Diaries: Over 102,000 pages of personal writings by American women of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries drawn from the holdings of the American Antiquarian Society. The manuscripts date from 1750 to 1950 and include letters and diary entries of ordinary women that document their daily lives, and those of more well-known women such as Annie Sullivan, the teacher of Helen Keller; Ellen Tucker Emerson, daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who describes life in Concord during the Civil War; and Abby Kelley Foster, an abolitionist and advocate for women’s rights.


Historical US Newspapers:
Accessible Archives: Full-text access to 18th and 19th century American newspapers, magazines, books, and other publications. Collections include African American newspapers, Civil War publications, anti-slavery periodicals, early women’s magazines, a collection of women’s suffrage periodicals, and publications by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and more. Over 170 books and more than 70 journals are included.


tions by Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and more. Over 170 books and more than 70 journals are included.African American Historical Newspapers from ProQuest (NYPL database): This NYPL database is available to users onsite or remotely with a library card.  Includes African American historical newspapers from around the United States, such as the Atlanta Daily World (1931-2003), Baltimore Afro-American (1893-1988), Chicago Defender (1910-1975), Cleveland Call and Post (1934-1991), Los Angeles Sentinel (1934-2005), New York Amsterdam News (1922-1993), Norfolk Journal and Guide (1921-2003), Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), and Pittsburgh Courier (1911-2002).


05), New York Amsterdam News (1922-1993), Norfolk Journal and Guide (1921-2003), Philadelphia Tribune (1912-2001), and Pittsburgh Courier (1911-2002).Please log in using your New York Public Library credentials! Online access to 280 U.S. newspapers from 35 states chronicling 150 years of African American history. Coverage includes life in the Antebellum South, the Jim Crow Era, the Great Migration, Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and more. This resource was created from the collections of the Wisconsin Historical Society, Kansas State Historical Society, and the Library of Congress, with selections guided by James Danky, editor of African-American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Bibliography .  Danky's Bibliography is also available in the Internet Archive .


ky, editor of African-American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Bibliography .  Danky's Bibliography is also available in the Internet Archive .American Antiquarian Society (AAS) Historical Periodicals Collections: A collection of over 7500 digitized American periodicals published from the 17th century through the late 19th century.  The Graduate Center subscribes to the five series which cover all aspects of American society, including science, medicine, literature, politics, the history of slavery, the Civil War, Westward expansion, industry and professions, agriculture, religion, fashion, family life, culture and the arts, and more.

American Periodicals (1740-1940) via NYPL: Please log in using your New York Public Library credentials! This database contains over 1,800 magazines, journals, and newspapers published between 1740 and 1940, including special interest and general magazines, literary and professional journals, children's and women's magazines, and many other historically significant titles.


interest and general magazines, literary and professional journals, children's and women's magazines, and many other historically significant titles.America's Historical Newspapers: Searchable digital facsimiles of thousands of U.S. newspapers published in all 50 states from 1690 to the recent past.  Separately searchable series include Early American Newspapers, 1690-1922; African American Newspapers, 1827-1998; Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980; Ethnic American Newspapers from the Balch Collection, 1799-1971; and Caribbean Newspapers, 1718-1876. Also see the World Newspaper Archive


1808-1980; Ethnic American Newspapers from the Balch Collection, 1799-1971; and Caribbean Newspapers, 1718-1876. Also see the World Newspaper ArchiveBlack Thought and Culture: African Americans from Colonial Times to the Present: Over 100,000 pages of monographs, essays, speeches, letters, political leaflets, periodicals, trial transcripts, and interviews by major American Black teachers, artists, politicians, religious leaders, athletes, war veterans, entertainers, and other leaders, covering over 250 years of history. Writers include James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Ralph Bunche, Angela Davis, Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, Ralph Ellison, Marcus Garvey, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Thurgood Marshall, Huey Newton, Jackie Robinson, Paul Robeson, Bobby Seale, Booker T. Washington, Cornel West, Richard Wright, and many others. Search across the collection or browse by person, subject, title, historical event, content type, place, or publisher.


ichard Wright, and many others. Search across the collection or browse by person, subject, title, historical event, content type, place, or publisher.Brooklyn Newspapers: Developed by the Brooklyn Public Library, this free resources provides access to the full-text of more than 40 newspapers published in Brooklyn from 1809 to 1999.  Papers include the Brooklyn Daily Eagle (1841-1963), The Caravan (1953-1961), The Chat (1903-1929), and The Williamsburg News (1952-1965), among others.  Browse by title or date, or search across the archive.

Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Online Catalog: The Center for Research Libraries provides a shared collection of five million books, journals, documents and newspapers to supplement member libraries’ holdings in the humanities, science, and social sciences. With a strategic emphasis on expanding electronic access to international primary source collections, CRL participates in a number of cooperative digitization efforts, yielding millions of pages of digitized content to date. CRL resources include:


ons, CRL participates in a number of cooperative digitization efforts, yielding millions of pages of digitized content to date. CRL resources include:The largest circulating collection of newspapers in North America – more than 16,000 newspaper titles from all world regions and from every U.S. state – mainstream dailies, underground and alternative press titles, rare publications from international conflict zones, U.S. ethnic titles, early African-American newspapers, and radio broadcast reports and transcripts Foreign journals rarely held in U.S. libraries, with a focus on science and technology Access to rich holdings in science, technology, and engineering print serials through a partnership with the Linda Hall Library More than 800,000 non U.S. dissertations Area Studies: major collections of news, government documents, and archives from Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Southeast and South Asia Millions of pages of primary source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.


ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.and international legal and government resources


he National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.and international legal and government resourcesChronicling America: Historic American Newspapers: This site from the Library of Congress includes a searchable directory containing information on more than 150,000 newspapers published in the U.S. since 1690.  It also includes searchable digitized images of 3,600 selected local and regional newspapers published from 1777 to 1963, including more than 20 New York papers.

Fulton Search: Historical Newspapers (U.S. & Canada): A searchable database of newspapers published in the U.S. and Canada.  Create an account to log in and search and see the Help & FAQs section for tips on using the site.  Fulton Search is an alternative search option for FultonHistory.com.  Users may also browse the list of newspapers .

HathiTrust Digital Library: Millions of books digitized by a variety of major research institutions. See this post for more information about public domain items available to all via HathiTrust .


digitized by a variety of major research institutions. See this post for more information about public domain items available to all via HathiTrust .Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808-1980: Includes over 350 fully searchable and browsable Spanish-language newspapers published by Hispanics in the U.S. from New Orleans to Brooklyn during the 19th and 20th centuries. The papers cover nearly every major theme of American life and feature a range of voices from intellectuals and literary figures to politicians, union organizers, and grassroots activists.

Internet Archive: The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form with a mission to provide universal access to all knowledge. The archive contains tens of millions of books and texts, audio recordings, videos, images, and software programs, and 625 billion web pages.


owledge. The archive contains tens of millions of books and texts, audio recordings, videos, images, and software programs, and 625 billion web pages.Mexico - Periodicals in the US-Mexico Border Region: "Periodicals in the US-Mexico Border Region includes over 200+ Spanish, English, and bilingual publications. Archival materials come from print, microfilm and digital collections housed at the University of Houston’s Recovery Program."

New York City Record, 1873-1947: The City Record is has been published daily in NYC since 1873 and includes "official listings of more than 100 city agencies and departments about public hearings, meetings, property auctions, agency rules, personnel changes and contracts to be awarded" as noted in a profile article in the New York TImes .   Browse or search across PDFs of every issue published between 1873-1947.


tracts to be awarded" as noted in a profile article in the New York TImes .   Browse or search across PDFs of every issue published between 1873-1947.Newspapers.com via NYPL: Please log in using your New York Public Library credentials! Newspapers.com is an online newspaper archive consisting of millions of pages of historical newspapers from around the United States and beyond, with a special focus on full runs and portions of runs of well-known, regional, and state titles in addition to small local newspapers. The collection includes a broad range of dates, mostly covering the 19th and 20th centuries. Access to this resource has been temporarily expanded to NYPL cardholders working from home, courtesy of ProQuest and its partner Newspapers.com.

New York City Newspapers: See the "Newspapers" article in the 1995 edition of the Encyclopedia of New York City for a history of newspapers in New York and lists of 18th Century newspapers, daily newspapers, and foreign-language newspapers published in NYC, organized by date of first publication.


York and lists of 18th Century newspapers, daily newspapers, and foreign-language newspapers published in NYC, organized by date of first publication.New York City Newspapers at the NYPL: Provides an overview of the NYPL's collection of New York City newspapers and facilitates access to the most frequently requested titles.

New York State Historic Newspapers: Over 11 million pages from newspapers published in New York State between 1725 and 2020. The newspapers on the website are either in the public domain (any papers published before January 1, 1924) or have been cleared for use by the original copyright holders for members of the public for noncommercial, educational, and research purposes.

New York Times Archive, 1851-2018: Actual page images from 1851 through 2018.  Following years are added annually. When the results of a search are displayed, you have three retrieval options:  1. bibliographic citation and abstract; 2. article image (retrieved with Adobe Acrobat Reader); 3. page map, displaying the entire page on which the article appears. For current access, see New York Times Academic Pass .


Archival collections:
There are scores of archival collections within 2 hours of NYC, a few of the major sources are listed below. Detailed guides to archival holdings (finding aids) are frequently being made available online. While most archival collections require a visit to the holding library, some collections do fill photocopy requests.

Archive Grid: Searchable database containing over 7 million records describing archival collections in 1,400 libraries, archives, museums, and historical societies around the world.  Also useful for identifying archival repositories by location. Read more in our GC Library blog post about ArchiveGrid .


societies around the world.  Also useful for identifying archival repositories by location. Read more in our GC Library blog post about ArchiveGrid .Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library: The collections span more than 4,000 years and comprise rare printed works, cylinder seals, cuneiform tablets, papyri, and Coptic ostraca; medieval and renaissance manuscripts; as well as art and realia.  Some 500,000 printed books and 14 miles of manuscripts, personal papers, and records form the core of the holdings.

European Library Catalog: Combined searching of the resources of European national libraries.

Founders Online: Correspondence and other writings by Adams, Franklin, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and Washington

New York State Historical Liberature (Cornell University): A collection of selected monographs, pamphlets and other materials with expired copyrights chosen from from the Cornell Library's extensive collection of New York State Literature.


raphs, pamphlets and other materials with expired copyrights chosen from from the Cornell Library's extensive collection of New York State Literature.Nineteenth Century Collections Online: Primary sources dealing with East-West diplomacy; British politics and society; British theater, music, and literature; European literature; photography; science, technology, and medicine; and the status of women.

NYPL Archives & Manuscripts: The Division holds nearly 29,000 linear feet of archival material in over 3,000 collections, dating from the third millennium BCE to the current decade. Greatest strengths: the papers and records of individuals, families, and organizations, primarily from the New York region, which date from the 18th through the 20th centuries, support research in the political, economic, social, and cultural history of New York State and the United States.


he 18th through the 20th centuries, support research in the political, economic, social, and cultural history of New York State and the United States.NYU Tamiment Library & Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives: An important repository for labor history. Materials include books, pamphlets, and serials focusing on the history of labor, politics, political thought, civil rights, women's history, the Spanish Civil War, literature, the history of New York City, and the arts. Broadly speaking, the collections cover labor and the Left.

Perseus Digital Library: The flagship collection covers the history, literature and culture of the Greco-Roman world. Many full-text materials are available online in ancient Greek and Roman.


lection covers the history, literature and culture of the Greco-Roman world. Many full-text materials are available online in ancient Greek and Roman.Roper iPoll (formerly Roper Center Archives): The world’s largest collection of poll data from 1935 to present.  Contains hundreds of thousands of questions and tens of thousands of individual-level datasets, with hundreds more added yearly. Includes broad topical coverage of opinions and behavior on social issues, politics, the environment, science and technology, health, economics, and more.  It also includes global data from over 120 countries, and historical archives that feature questions on topics such as World War II, the civil rights movement, and women’s history, along with a general social survey with cumulative data from 1972-2016 featuring a standard core of demographic and attitudinal variables. Access through the Graduate Center Library enables you to view poll questions, save up to 50 questions, search abstracts and download documentation.


. Access through the Graduate Center Library enables you to view poll questions, save up to 50 questions, search abstracts and download documentation.. Access through the Graduate Center Library enables you to view poll questions, save up to 50 questions, search abstracts and download documentation.. Access through the Graduate Center Library enables you to view poll questions, save up to 50 questions, search abstracts and download documentation.Create a free personal account to download datasets, save up to 500 questions at once, and use the RoperExplorer analytical tool with crosstabs functionality. Users who have accounts on the old "classic" Roper iPoll website will need to register again on the new site. Learn more about how to use Roper iPoll online: Roper Tutorials .


n the old "classic" Roper iPoll website will need to register again on the new site. Learn more about how to use Roper iPoll online: Roper Tutorials .Rutgers University Archives and Manuscripts: Manuscripts are findable in the library catalog. The finding aids for the archival collections are online and found at this web site.

Slavery and Anti-Slavery: Books, pamphlets, periodicals, manuscripts, Supreme Court records, and other nineteenth-century materials related to slavery and abolition.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Information on almost 35,000 American slaving voyages between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.


History Video:
American History in Video: Over 1,600 hours of historical video from commercial and governmental newsreels, archival footage, public affairs footage, and important documentaries.

World History in Video: More than 900 documentaries exploring human history from the earliest civilizations to the late twentieth century.


Archival Research (during Covid):
See our new Online Archival Research Guide to help assist you in accessing archival collections during the Covid-19 Crisis. Digitized Primary Sources blog-post . Barbara Gray’s tipsheet at this link Archives for Investigative Data . Archives for Investigating Data.


Preparing to Graduate?:
Library deposit is the final degree requirement for Graduate Center doctoral and master's students. If you are preparing to graduate, review the the Dissertations and Theses guide and consult with your program office for requirements and deadlines. Questions? Contact the Dissertation Office at deposit@gc.cuny.edu.


Graduate Center Dissertations:
Graduate Center Dissertations and Theses in Academic Works, 2014-present: As of 2014, all Graduate Center dissertations, theses, and capstone projects are posted to CUNY Academic Works. Some are immediately available to read and download, and some become available after an embargo period set by the author.

Graduate Center Retrospective Dissertations, 1965-2013: Current CUNY students, faculty and staff can log in with their CUNYfirst credentials to access GC dissertations and capstones from 1965-2013. (Pre-2014 master's theses are available only in print). If you want to move your dissertation or capstone into the publicly accessible CUNY repository, Academic Works, email the GC Dissertation Office at deposit@gc.cuny.edu . Making your dissertation free to the public helps broaden the reach of your scholarship and supports CUNY's mission of public service.


t@gc.cuny.edu . Making your dissertation free to the public helps broaden the reach of your scholarship and supports CUNY's mission of public service.CUNYfirst credentials: used to log into Blackboard, CUNY-wide electronic resources, and other services. More information about the various CUNY accounts: https://libguides.gc.cuny.edu/cuny_accounts .

Dissertations & Theses @ City University of New York Graduate Center: CUNY dissertations dating back to 1965. Full text available except for embargoed works.

ProQuest Dissertation Express: For anyone without a current GC network userid/pwd, search for CUNY or non-CUNY dissertations here. Order copies in print or PDF formats.


Finding Dissertations:
There is no single source for a comprehensive dissertation search. WorldCat and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global include most American dissertations. Dissertations @ The Center for Research Libraries lends non-American dissertations to member borrowers. Library catalogs and specialized repositories contain other titles. Request any dissertation through Interlibrary Loan . Though not every title is available through ILL, it is worth a try.


Dissertation Databases & Repositories:
Dissertations & Theses Global: Indexes two-million dissertations from over one-thousand institutions, with citations from 1861-1980 and abstracts from 1980 to present. Includes the full text of most post-1996 CUNY dissertations and many post-1996 dissertations from other institutions, as well as thousands of earlier ones. To limit your search to CUNY dissertations, include 0046 in your search statement, selecting the school name/code search field. Non-U.S.dissertations can be searched in the Center for Research Libraries' catalog.


ur search statement, selecting the school name/code search field. Non-U.S.dissertations can be searched in the Center for Research Libraries' catalog.Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Online Catalog: The Center for Research Libraries provides a shared collection of five million books, journals, documents and newspapers to supplement member libraries’ holdings in the humanities, science, and social sciences. With a strategic emphasis on expanding electronic access to international primary source collections, CRL participates in a number of cooperative digitization efforts, yielding millions of pages of digitized content to date. CRL resources include:


ons, CRL participates in a number of cooperative digitization efforts, yielding millions of pages of digitized content to date. CRL resources include:The largest circulating collection of newspapers in North America – more than 16,000 newspaper titles from all world regions and from every U.S. state – mainstream dailies, underground and alternative press titles, rare publications from international conflict zones, U.S. ethnic titles, early African-American newspapers, and radio broadcast reports and transcripts Foreign journals rarely held in U.S. libraries, with a focus on science and technology Access to rich holdings in science, technology, and engineering print serials through a partnership with the Linda Hall Library More than 800,000 non U.S. dissertations Area Studies: major collections of news, government documents, and archives from Africa, Latin America, Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Southeast and South Asia Millions of pages of primary source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.


ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.ry source documents, including major sets from the National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.and international legal and government resources


he National Archives of the U.S. and the U.K., and many special collections from around the world U.S.and international legal and government resourcesNetworked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Global ETD Search: NDLTD's Global ETD Search is a free service that allows researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations based on keyword, date, institution, language and subject.

Open Access Theses and Dissertations: Metadata from over 1100 institutions, indexes over 2.5 million theses and dissertations.

Additional Dissertation Databases: The library's Dissertations and Theses guide lists many additional databases of dissertations and theses.


CRL Dissertations:
Based in Chicago, CRL was founded in 1948 by a consortium of Midwestern universities seeking to pool lesser-used resources. The collection holds over 800,000 dissertations from 90+ universities in Germany (66%), Netherlands (2%), France (16%), Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK; also from Latin America, South America, and Africa. What CRL does not own, it will acquire for interlibrary loan to Graduate Center affiliates.


CRL Resources:
History @ CRL: Link to CRL's topics page, where there are links to several historical collections. Additional resources include books, newspapers, dissertations for interlibrary loan

Dissertations @ CRL: 800,000 foreign dissertations for interlibrary loan

Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Online Catalog: The Center for Research Libraries provides a shared collection of five million books, journals, documents and newspapers to supplement member libraries’ holdings in the humanities, science, and social sciences. With a strategic emphasis on expanding electronic access to international primary source collections, CRL participates in a number of cooperative digitization efforts, yielding millions of pages of digitized content to date. CRL resources include:


CRL Reference:
CRL librarians will identify resources relevant to your work. Contact Mary Wilke , CRL's Member Liaison & Outreach Services Director, with reference questions.


Associations:
American Historical Association: Founded in 1884 and incorporated by Congress in 1889, the AHA serves the broad field of history. It encompasses every historical period and geographical area and serves professional historians in all areas of employment.

Association of Ancient Historians: The AAH was founded with two essential objectives.  The first of these is to foster a regular forum for scholarly interaction among historians of the Ancient Mediterranean--especially among those who study the Greeks and Romans--and secondly, to do so in a manner that emphasizes collegiality

Association of Black Women Historians: Founded in 1979, the ABWH is a dynamic network of scholars representing every region of the country. The organization's goals are to support black women in the historical profession, disseminate information by, for and about black women and promote scholarship by and about black women.


port black women in the historical profession, disseminate information by, for and about black women and promote scholarship by and about black women.Association of Caribbean Historians: The ACH is an independent, non-profit, professional organization devoted to the promotion of Caribbean history from a multidisciplinary, pan-Caribbean perspective, and is the primary association for scholarly and public historians working in the field.

Labor and Working-Class History Association: The LAWCHA is an organization of scholars, teachers, students, labor educators, and activists who seek to promote public and scholarly awareness of labor and working-class history through research, writing and organizing.

National Council on Public History: This organization emphasizes the dissemination of knowledge about history outside the classroom.  Members include academics, museum curators, librarians, independent historians, etc.


dissemination of knowledge about history outside the classroom.  Members include academics, museum curators, librarians, independent historians, etc.New York Labor History Association: Founded in 1976 by trade unionists, academics, students, archivists, educators, labor editors, attorneys, and retirees, mostly from New York State, NYLHA encourages the study of workers and their organizations.

New York State Association of European Historians: The New York State Association of European Historians has fostered the study of European history from earliest times to the present. All scholars are welcome to participate in annual meetings and to make use of our other services.  Despite the name, membership is drawn from across the United States, Canada and Europe.

New York State Historical Association: The mission of the NYSHA is to welcome and connect people to a shared cultural heritage through exhibitions and programs.


tate Historical Association: The mission of the NYSHA is to welcome and connect people to a shared cultural heritage through exhibitions and programs.New-York Historical Society: Founded in 1804, the NYHS is dedicated to fostering research, presenting history and art exhibitions, and public programs that promote the political, cultural and social history of New York City, New York State, the nation, and to serve as a national forum for the discussion of issues surrounding the making and meaning of history.

Organization of American Historians: Founded in 1907, the OAH is the largest professional society dedicated to the teaching and study of American history. The mission of the organization is to promote excellence in the scholarship, teaching, and presentation of American history, and to encourage wide discussion of historical questions and equitable treatment of all practitioners of history.


nd presentation of American history, and to encourage wide discussion of historical questions and equitable treatment of all practitioners of history.Western Association of Women Historians: Founded in 1969, the WAWH seeks to promote the interests of women historians both in academic settings and in the field of history generally. The WAWH is the largest of the regional women's historical associations in the United States. Though most members are from the  Western United States, WAWH members are from across the United States, Canada, and other countries.  The WAWH encourages people from any geographic area to join and participate.

World History Association: Founded in 1982, the WHA promotes world history through the encouragement of teaching, research, and publication.


About This Guide:
This guide will introduce you to the basics of archival research. You will find information on: What archives are and how they are arranged Conducting background research Where and how to look for archival collections What to expect when you visit an archival repository Citing and quoting from unpublished materials And more


Recommended Reading:
Following are selected sources for further reading.  Some are cited in this research guide and all are recommended for developing research skills.

Building Archival Research Skills

Archival Arrangement & Terminology

LCSH & Copyright


Getting Help:
There are many ways to get help from a librarian — choose the method that best suits your needs: In Person: Visit the reference desk (2nd floor of library) during reference hours . By Chat: Chat with an academic librarian 24/7 . If available, a CUNY librarian will answer your chat. By Email: Complete the question submission form and receive a reply by email during reference hours . By Phone: Call the reference desk at (212) 817-7077 during reference hours . By Appointment: Schedule a one-on-one research consultation by contacting your subject librarian .


Quick Start Guide for Archival Research:
Download our Quick Start Guide for Archival Research


Dispatches from the Field:
Following are links to a few noteworthy library blogs and websites that provide an introduction to particular collections and a glimpse into what's going on in the world of archives.

Archives Against History Repeating Itself: "[C]created ... to acknowledge, address, and repair the harms done by white supremacy, colonialism, patriarchy, heteronormativity, ableism, and capitalism (an incomplete list for sure!) and their various intersections in and through records and archives. With this site, we hope to use ideas, activities, and actions to imagine and enact a more just world. "


Archives in the News:
Archives of the East Village Eye Go to the NYPL: Gold, Hannah. “The Archives of the East Village Eye Go to the New York Public Library.” The New Yorker, 7 Feb. 2023. www.newyorker.com, https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-archives-of-the-east-village-eye-go-to-the-new-york-public-library.

Activating an Archive of Black Life in Brooklyn: Pratt Faculty and Students Collaborate with the Weeksville Community on an Oral History Project to Shape the Future.

How to Help Librarians and Archivists From Your Living Room: Crowd-sourced DH projects:  "If you’re cooped-up and curious, use your free time to decipher handwriting, tag images, and more."

Archives in The News: See these and other fascinating articles about manuscripts, archives, and collections in our Zotero Library.


Archived Edition:
This Archival Research Guide has been replaced by a new edition and will no longer be updated. Please refer to our new Archival Research Guide for assistance.


The basic steps for digital and analog archival research are essentially the same. The main thing to remember is that the digital facsimiles you discover may represent just a fraction of the existing material. Once you have formulated a research question, read widely on your topic, and done some background research, you'll likely have a good sense of the people, organizations, places, events, dates, and key themes that are important to your topic. You can use those keywords and subject terms when you search digital portals, search engines, library websites, and databases to find digitized primary sources. Be sure to visit the websites of repositories holding items of interest to discover other materials that may be of interest. And you can approach your search from a number of angles. These include library databases; big online portals; library websites; subject, format, and regional collaborations; government archives; archival search tools; and web searches.


ses; big online portals; library websites; subject, format, and regional collaborations; government archives; archival search tools; and web searches.ses; big online portals; library websites; subject, format, and regional collaborations; government archives; archival search tools; and web searches.ses; big online portals; library websites; subject, format, and regional collaborations; government archives; archival search tools; and web searches.The boxes on this page are organized roughly along those lines. It can be helpful to approach research with an open mind, to be flexible with search terms, and to think creatively about where you might find sources. Try different approaches and avenues for the most comprehensive results.


Analog vs. Digital:
It is important to remember that although there are many millions of digitized primary sources online and more content is added every day, the vast majority of unpublished archival material that exists in libraries, archives, museums, and historical societies around the world has NOT been digitized and is NOT available online. That said, in-depth research is still possible because libraries have made whole collections available online where once they could offer only highlights.  Also, archival collections that were previously published in microfilm or in printed volumes have since been digitized and turn up in both subscription databases and on the open web. It is also important to note that while the individual items and collections that have been digitized were prioritized in some way by the repository ( see below ), there are countless other equally valuable research materials that have not been digitized.


International Resources:
The online portals and archives listed here are a sampling of the resources that exist around the globe.

LibWeb - Libraries Around the World: Libraries from around the world arranged geographically.

World-Wide Directory of Repositories holding Archives of Literature & Art: Online directory from the International Council on Archives.

National Archives Around the World: List from Wikipedia of national archives from around the world.

African Online Digital Library: "AODL is an open access digital library of African cultural heritage materials created by Michigan State University in collaboration with museums, archives, scholars, and communities around the world."


cultural heritage materials created by Michigan State University in collaboration with museums, archives, scholars, and communities around the world."Australia - Trove: Trove provides access to over 6 billion records about Australia or of interest to the Australian community. Trove focuses on freely available digital content created by Australians and held in the collections of the National LIbrary of Australia and other Australian Libraries, Archives, Museums, Galleries, University, Research and community organisations. It contains books, images, historic newspapers, maps, music, archives and other materials.

Canada - Library & Archives: Includes publications, archival records, sound and audio-visual materials, photographs, artworks, and electronic documents of Canadian heritage.

Caribbean - Digital Library of the Caribbean: "The Digital Library of the Caribbean is a cooperative of partners within the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean that provides users with access to Caribbean cultural, historical and research materials held in archives, libraries, and private collections."


ibbean that provides users with access to Caribbean cultural, historical and research materials held in archives, libraries, and private collections."East Asia Digital Archive: A partnership between the National Library of Korea and the National Diet Library of Japan, the East Asia Digital Library is a portal site that offers East Asia’s cultural and academic digital resources.

Endangered Archives Programme - British Library: "The EAP facilitates the digitisation of archives around the world that are in danger of destruction, neglect or physical deterioration. ... Since 2004, the [EAP] has digitised over 10 million images and 35 thousand sound tracks. Archive types digitised ... include rare printed sources, manuscripts, visual materials, audio recordings."

Europe - Archives Portal Europe: Contains records for millions of archival items held in hundreds of repositories across Europe. Use search filters to find digitized items.

Europeana: Europeana enables people to explore the digital resources of Europes museums, libraries, archives and audio-visual collections.

India - Archival Repositories: List from Wikipedia.


plore the digital resources of Europes museums, libraries, archives and audio-visual collections.

India - Archival Repositories: List from Wikipedia.Latin American & Caribbean Digital Primary Resources: "[A] database of listings that provide links to open access digitized collections of primary sources that relate to Latin America and the Caribbean."

Latin American Network Information Center: From UT Austin. Includes lists of resources by country and holdings of Latin American and Caribbean collections in the U.S.

Middle East & Islamic Studies - Digital Collections Guide: A subject guide from Cornell that includes listings of manuscript and archival repositories, both digital and analog, along with other resources in libraries around the world.

Digitalnz - Digital New Zealand: 30+ million digital items from 300+ collections.


d analog, along with other resources in libraries around the world.

Digitalnz - Digital New Zealand: 30+ million digital items from 300+ collections.South Asia Open Archives (SAOA): A rich and growing OA collection of key historical and contemporary sources from and about South Asia, in English and other languages of the region. Contains hundreds of thousands of pages of books, journals, newspapers, census data, magazines, and documents, with particular focus on social & economic history, literature, women & gender, and caste & social structure.

United Kingdom - Archives Hub: Search across descriptions of archives, including links to digital content, held at over 380 institutions across the UK.

United Kingdom - Discovery: More than 32 million descriptions of records held by The National Archives of the UK and more than 2,500 archives cross the country.

World Wide Diplomatic Archives Index: From the US Dept. of State's Office of the Historian.


of the UK and more than 2,500 archives cross the country.

World Wide Diplomatic Archives Index: From the US Dept. of State's Office of the Historian.World Digital Library: The WDL made available primary materials from all countries and cultures. The collection was transferred to the Library of Congress in 2021 where it remains as a searchable resource showing the diversity of the world’s cultures through the contributions of hundreds of organizations.


Research Libraries & Archives with Digitized Collections:
The following research libraries have notable digital collections. This list is just a sampling of the remarkable resources you can find online. Be aware that in most every case, the digitized items available represent only a small fraction of a library's holdings. To find digitized primary sources for your own research project, visit the websites of libraries that collect materials in your subject area.  And be sure search across collections when possible and then limit results to digitized materials, if the option is available.

American Museum of Natural History - Anthropology: "Over 250,000 ethnographic and archaeological objects representing the peoples of the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Pacific Islands have been digitally imaged and are accessible online."


objects representing the peoples of the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Pacific Islands have been digitally imaged and are accessible online."American Museum of Natural History - Virtual Library: Includes Digital Special Collections, Digitized Scientific Manuscripts, Field Notes, scientific publications from the museum's 150 year history, including The Anthropological Papers , Novitates , and The Bulletin

Archives of American Art: "The Archives of American Art is the world’s preeminent and most widely used research center dedicated to collecting, preserving, and providing access to primary sources that document the history of the visual arts in America."

Bodleian Library - Digital Bodleian: Over a million images of rare books, manuscripts, and other treasures from the Bodleian Libraries and Oxford college libraries.


ry - Digital Bodleian: Over a million images of rare books, manuscripts, and other treasures from the Bodleian Libraries and Oxford college libraries.Centro - Center for Puerto Rican Studies - Hunter College: "Centro is a research institute that is dedicated to the study and interpretation of the Puerto Rican experience in the United States and that produces and disseminates relevant interdisciplinary research. Centro also collects, preserves, and provides access to library resources documenting Puerto Rican history and culture. We seek to link scholarship to social action and policy debates and to contribute to the betterment of our community and enrichment of Puerto Rican studies."

Harvard Digital Collections: "[F]ree free, public access to over 6 million objects digitized from our collections - from ancient art to modern manuscripts and audio visual materials."


ree free, public access to over 6 million objects digitized from our collections - from ancient art to modern manuscripts and audio visual materials."John Jay College of Criminal Justice - Digital Collections: "The Digital Collections provide access to hundreds of images and documents digitized from the unique items in the Lloyd Sealy Library Special Collections. These materials are freely available to the public for learning, teaching, and research. The materials in our Digital Collections are especially well-suited for historical research of criminal justice, 20th- and 21st-century New York, the New York Police Department, and John Jay College of Criminal Justice itself."

Library of Congress Digital Collections: "The collection of more than 168 million items includes more than 39 million cataloged books and other print materials in 470 languages; more than 72 million manuscripts; the largest rare book collection in North America; and the world's largest collection of legal materials, films, maps, sheet music and sound recordings."  Among these holdings are 395 digitized collections.


he world's largest collection of legal materials, films, maps, sheet music and sound recordings."  Among these holdings are 395 digitized collections.Library of Congress Collections with Manuscripts: Digitized manuscript collections covering a broad range of subjects.

Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey: The collections document achievements in architecture, engineering, and landscape design in the U.S. and its territories through a comprehensive range of building types, engineering technologies, and landscapes.

Metropolitan Museum of Art - Watson Library Digital: Rare materials digitized from the collections, including treatises on art and architecture, early travel books, archaeological studies, rare collection catalogs, early trade catalogs, artists’ manuals and handbooks, complete runs of seminal journals, fencing books, scrapbooks, fine bindings, and examples of fine printing.


catalogs, artists’ manuals and handbooks, complete runs of seminal journals, fencing books, scrapbooks, fine bindings, and examples of fine printing.National Library of Medicine Digital Collections: "[A] free online repository of biomedical resources including books, manuscripts, still images, videos, and maps. The content in Digital Collections is freely available worldwide and, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. Digital Collections provides unique access to NLM's rich historical resources, as well as select modern resources."

National Museum of Natural History - Anthropology Dept.: "Research in the Department of Anthropology spans from the emergence of our earliest ancestors to the ways communities sustain their cultures in today’s globalized societies.  The collections ... are a vast and unparalleled resource for inquiry into the cultures, arts, and technologies of the world's peoples, from deep in prehistory to the present day."


t and unparalleled resource for inquiry into the cultures, arts, and technologies of the world's peoples, from deep in prehistory to the present day."New-York Historical Society Digital Collections: "The New-York Historical Society’s growing digital library now includes thousands of photographs of New York City, Revolutionary Era maps, manuscripts, and broadsides, Civil War materials, manuscripts relating to slavery and African American history, and numerous other historical resources from the Patricia D. Klingenstein Library as well as highlights from several Museum collections."

New York Public Library Archives & Manuscript Division: The Division holds over 31,000 linear feet of manuscripts and archives in over 5,700 collections. More than 560,000 items have been digitized.

New York Public Library Digital Collections: Currently contains more than 900,000 images.  "This site is a living database with new materials added every day, featuring prints, photographs, maps, manuscripts, streaming video, and more."


es.  "This site is a living database with new materials added every day, featuring prints, photographs, maps, manuscripts, streaming video, and more."Ransom Center Digital Collections: Digital "collections represent just a sample of the Ransom Center's diverse holdings in literature, photography, film, art, and the performing arts."

Schomburg Center, NYPL - Digital Schomburg: Amazing resource containing "exhibitions, books, articles, photographs, prints, audio and video streams, and selected external links for research in the history and cultures of the peoples of Africa and the African Diaspora."

Smithsonian Libraries - Digital Library: Includes books, drawings, photos, indexes to vertical files of artists, trade catalogs, and ephemera, as well as fascinating digital exhibitions covering a wide range of topics; and an index of all the physical exhibitions that the Smithsonian Libraries has produced over the years.

Tulane University Digital Library: "[R]are and unique collections in areas such as Latin American studies, jazz, New Orleans and Louisiana history and architecture..."


Digital Library: "[R]are and unique collections in areas such as Latin American studies, jazz, New Orleans and Louisiana history and architecture..."UCLA Libary Digital Collections: "The UCLA Digital Library Program (DLP) serves as the catalyst for the creation, management, and delivery of digital content in support of the UCLA Library mission and goals. The Program provides for the storage and dissemination of digital objects, including text, images, audio, and video in their various digital manifestations and combinations."

University of Washington Digital Collections: Includes photographs, maps, newspapers, posters and other media from the University of Washington Libraries. Subjects covered include Alaska and the Yukon, Architecture, Klondike and Nome Gold Rushes, Politics and Labor, Science and Engineering, and more.

Wisconsin Historical Society: "The Society's world-class collections contain an extraordinary range of artifacts and information about American history, from the remote archaeological past to current events."


ollections contain an extraordinary range of artifacts and information about American history, from the remote archaeological past to current events."Yale University Digital Collections: The Beinecke Library has digitized more than a million images of collection material, but these represent only a fraction of total collections material on-site.


Finding Digitized Sources:
There are many places to search for digitized primary sources, including: Archival Search Tools Online Portals Research Libraries & Archives Subject-Based Collaborations Government Archives Library Databases


Indexes & Databases - A Few Highlights:
Manuscript Cookbook Survey: A database of pre-1865 English-language manuscript cookbooks held in U. S. public institutions as well as a database of kitchen artifacts used at the time these manuscripts were written.


Oral Histories:
See the Oral Histories tab in this guide for tips on finding oral history interviews and collections related to your topic. Interview transcripts and recordings are often available online.


Subject Headings - Library of Congress (LCSH):
Use the Library of Congress Authorities to identify subject terms for more effective searching in library catalogs and databases. Or try a keyword search in CUNY's OneSearch or other library catalogs to find books on your topic.  Then, look at the Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH) used to describe those books and click on the most relevant LCSHs to identify other library materials on the topic.  Keep track of the most useful LCSHs and use those subject terms when searching other databases as well.


Online Portals:
Online portals and collaborative sites are among best ways to discover digital content. These platforms make it possible to search in one place for primary sources related to a particular person, subject, region, or format that are scattered across multiple institutions. When search results turn up individual items, be sure to click on links to explore the collections that contain them.  Also look closely to determine which repositories hold the collections. Browse results by contributing institution, when possible, and visit the websites of those institutions to look for other materials on your topic.  Many archival repositories have tools that let you search across collections and limit results to digitized materials. Keep in mind that the digital items that turn up in online portals may represent just a fraction of the materials a library holds on a topic.


terials. Keep in mind that the digital items that turn up in online portals may represent just a fraction of the materials a library holds on a topic.DPLA: Digital Public Library of America: Contains over 47 million images, texts, videos, and sounds from libraries, archives, and museums across the U.S.  Search or browse by topic or contributor, and explore primary source sets and online exhibitions.

Internet Archive: The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit, is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form with a mission to provide universal access to all knowledge. The archive contains tens of millions of books and texts, audio recordings, videos, images, and software programs, and 625 billion web pages.

Library & Archival Exhibitions on the Web: A list of online exhibitions from libraries, archives, and historical societies maintained by the Smithsonian. Searchable by keyword, title, and  sponsoring institution. Great for finding leads to primary sources.


Subject-Based Collections & Collaborations:
Listed below are just a few of the extraordinary open access subject-based digital collections and collaborations one can discover online. One way to find others is with a Google Search. Try adding digital library or digital collections or digital archive to your subject like these sample searches: digital archive anthropology or digital library "indigenous peoples" or digital collections physics. Be flexible and try different terms for the best results.

African American History - Umbra Search: Umbra Search for African American History brings together more than 800,000 digitized items from over 1,000 libraries and archives across the country.

Biodiversity Heritage Library: "[T]he world’s largest open access digital library for biodiversity literature and archives. ... [F]ree access to hundreds of thousands of volumes, comprising over 58 million pages, from the 15th-21st centuries."


rsity literature and archives. ... [F]ree access to hundreds of thousands of volumes, comprising over 58 million pages, from the 15th-21st centuries."Black Women's Suffrage - DPLA: "[A] collaborative project to provide digital access to materials documenting the roles and experiences of Black Women in the Women’s Suffrage Movement and, more broadly, women’s rights, voting rights, and civic activism between the 1850s and 1960.  ...  [Includes] photographs, correspondence, speeches, event programs, publications, oral histories, and other artifacts."

Civil Rights Digital Library: "[T]he most ambitious and comprehensive initiative to date to deliver educational content on the Civil Rights Movement via the Web" through: a Digital Video Archive of 30 hours of historical film coverage, a Civil Rights Portal drawing on the holdings of libraries across the nation, and Instructional Materials.


ve of 30 hours of historical film coverage, a Civil Rights Portal drawing on the holdings of libraries across the nation, and Instructional Materials.Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative: "By making the form and content of cuneiform texts available online, the CDLI is opening pathways to the rich historical tradition of the ancient Middle East. In close collaboration with researchers, museums and an engaged public, the project seeks to unharness the extraordinary content of these earliest witnesses to our shared world heritage."

Digital Scriptorium: "[A] growing consortium of American libraries and museums committed to free online access to their collections of pre-modern manuscripts."

Digital Transgender Archive: The purpose of the DTA "is to increase the accessibility of transgender history by providing an online hub for digitized historical materials, born-digital materials, and information on archival holdings throughout the world."

Medical Heritage Library: "[A] digital curation collaborative among some of the world’s leading medical libraries, promotes free and open access to quality historical resources in medicine."


Regional Collaborations & Portals:
Grant funding has made possible much of the digitizing that has been undertaken in libraries, archives, museums, and historical societies. Repositories frequently collaborate on grant applications and then present their digitized holdings together in regional portals. Following are a few examples of some of the excellent resources that are available.  Look for repositories where your subject is based to find digitized collections.

Archives West (ID, MT, OR, UT, WA, WY): Archives West provides access to descriptions of primary sources in the western United States, including correspondence, diaries or photographs. Digital reproductions of the materials are available in some cases.

Worlds of Change: Materials from 17th & 18th Century North America: "A collection of more than 700,000 digitized pages of all known archival and manuscript materials in the Harvard Library that relate to 17th- and 18th-century North America."


an 700,000 digitized pages of all known archival and manuscript materials in the Harvard Library that relate to 17th- and 18th-century North America."Digital Culture of Metropolitan New York: DCMNY provides online access to digital collections of photographs, maps, letters, postcards, manuscripts, scrapbooks, programs from events, catalogues, and memorabilia and ephemera from libraries, archives, museums and historical societies located in and around New York City.

Empire Archival Discovery Cooperative: EmpireADC is a database of finding aids for collections of archival materials in libraries, archives and cultural heritage organizations across New York state.  Search across collection descriptions to discover materials or browse the holdings of participating repositories.


rganizations across New York state.  Search across collection descriptions to discover materials or browse the holdings of participating repositories.Native Northeast Portal: The Native Northeast Portal "represents a scholarly critical edition of New England Native American primary source materials gathered ...  from ... partner institutions into one robust virtual collection, where the items are digitized, transcribed, annotated, and edited to the highest academic standards and then made freely available over the Internet, using open-source software."

New York Heritage Digital Collections: "Includes a broad range of historical, scholarly, and cultural materials held in libraries, museums, and archives throughout the state. Collection items include photographs, letters, diaries, directories, maps, books, and more."


in libraries, museums, and archives throughout the state. Collection items include photographs, letters, diaries, directories, maps, books, and more."Online Archive of California: "[P]rovides free public access to detailed descriptions of primary resource collections maintained by more than 200 ... libraries, special collections, archives, historical societies, and museums throughout California." Includes 20,000 online collection guides and more than 220,000 digitized images and documents.

State Digital Resources: Helpful listing from the Library of Congress of  memory projects, online encyclopedias, and historical and cultural materials collections arranged by state.


Diversifying the Digital Historical Record:
Diversifying the Digital Historical Record : Integrating Community Archives in National Strategies for Access to Digital Cultural Heritage was a series of forums focusing on community archives integration in a National Digital Platform and the potential impact for representation of diverse communities in our digital cultural heritage. Read an overview of the initiative and watch all four panels . When searching for sources, try adding the phrase "community archive" to your search string to find collections that include people who are typically left out of the historical record.


Digitized Collections - A Few Highlights:
The collections and digital projects included here are meant to illustrate the remarkable depth and variety of resources available. These are just a sampling to highlight the research possibilities that exist in freely available resources on a nearly infinite range of topics.

American Prison Writing Archive: "The American Prison Writing Archive evolved from a book project completed in 2014 with the publication of Fourth City: Essays from the Prison in America , the largest collection to date of non-fiction writing by currently incarcerated Americans writing about their experience inside."

BAM Archives - Brooklyn Academy of Music: "The BAM Hamm Archives tell the story of the 150+ year history of BAM, and of the communities—civic and artistic—that built the institution."


f Music: "The BAM Hamm Archives tell the story of the 150+ year history of BAM, and of the communities—civic and artistic—that built the institution."Criminal Trial Transcripts of NY County Collection (1883-1927): "Selected transcripts from the Lloyd Sealy Library's Trial Transcripts of the County of New York (1883-1927) collection. ... Consists of the verbatim typewritten proceedings of 3,326 court cases, held in various courts of New York County, which included Manhattan and the Bronx until 1914. Not all trial transcripts have been digitized."

CUNY Digital History Archive: "[a]n open, digital public archive and portal that gives the CUNY community and the broader public online access to a range of materials related to the history of the City University of New York (CUNY). "

The Danish West-Indies: Sources of History: "This is where you can search in about 5 million image files of records from the Danish West Indies across the databases of the Danish National Archives. The 5 million image files of digitally scanned records are made up of 15,000 series of images and contain 130,000 transcribed entries. "


nal Archives. The 5 million image files of digitally scanned records are made up of 15,000 series of images and contain 130,000 transcribed entries. "Digital Dante: Digital Dante, a venue for research and ideas on Dante from Columbia University, includes sections on the Divine Comedy; Intertextual Dante, a digital tool for visualizing references; image and sound galleries; a History and chronology of Dante, and original textual research.

Digital Paxton: A Digital Archive and Critical Edition of the Paxton Pamphlet War: "[I]nclude[s] primary source materials [on the 1763 massacre in colonial Pennsylvania] from ... 18 different archives, research libraries, and cultural institutions; a dozen contextual essays from leading historians and literary scholars; and educational materials from secondary and post-secondary educators."

Digital Thoreau: Digital Thoreau provides tools to illuminate Thoreau’s creative process and facilitate thoughtful conversation about his words and ideas.


tal Thoreau: Digital Thoreau provides tools to illuminate Thoreau’s creative process and facilitate thoughtful conversation about his words and ideas.Documenting the American South: A digital publishing initiative from the University Library at UNC Chapel Hill "that provides Internet access to texts, images, and audio files related to southern history, literature, and culture. Currently DocSouth includes sixteen thematic collections of books, diaries, posters, artifacts, letters, oral history interviews, and songs."


culture. Currently DocSouth includes sixteen thematic collections of books, diaries, posters, artifacts, letters, oral history interviews, and songs."Early Caribbean Digital Archive: "[A]n open access collection of pre-twentieth-century Caribbean texts, maps, and images. Texts include travel narratives, novels, poetry, natural histories, and diaries that have not been brought together before as a single collection focused on the Caribbean. Plantation slavery and settler colonialism are defining aspects of the early Caribbean—both sit at the origin of the modern capitalist world. The texts and images collected here tell the story of European imperial domination, and of the enslaved African and Indigenous American people whose lives, labor, and land shaped the culture and development of the Atlantic world. The materials in the archive are primarily authored and published by Europeans, but the ECDA aims to use digital tools to "remix" the archive and foreground the centrality and creativity of enslaved and free African, Afro-creole, and Indigenous peoples in the Caribbean world."


x" the archive and foreground the centrality and creativity of enslaved and free African, Afro-creole, and Indigenous peoples in the Caribbean world."Freedom Summer Project: A stellar research site offering over 40,000 pages from the Wisconsin Historical Society's manuscript collections documenting the Civil Rights movement and the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project of 1964.

Guatemalan National Police Historical Archive: This site currently includes over 10 million scanned images of documents from the National Police Historical Archive. This digital archive mirrors and extends the physical archive that remains preserved in Guatemala as an important historical patrimony of the Guatemalan people.


al archive mirrors and extends the physical archive that remains preserved in Guatemala as an important historical patrimony of the Guatemalan people.Manar al-Athar: The Manar al-Athar, an open-access photo-archive based at the University of Oxford, aims to provide high resolution, searchable images, freely-downloadable for teaching, research, heritage projects, and publication. It covers buildings and art in the areas of the former Roman empire which later came under Islamic rule (e.g. Syro-Palestine/the Levant, Arabia, Egypt, and North Africa), from ca. 300 BC to the present, but especially Roman, late antique, and early Islamic art, architecture, and sacred sites.

Media History Digital Library: "[A] free online resource featuring millions of pages of books and magazines from the histories of film, broadcasting, and recorded sound ... We scan works that are no longer protected by copyright or that have been licensed to us to share with you."

Museum of Modern Art - Exhibition History: "Exhibitions from [MOMA's] founding in 1929 to the present are available online. These pages are updated continually. "