SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Television and Radio Program
Violence Reduction Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Television and radio programming are bringing ever-
        increasing levels of violent programming into the American
        home. Over 25 percent of prime-time television shows contain
        `very violent' material, according to the National Coalition on
        Television Violence.
            (2) Prime time violence tripled during the 1980's, the
        American Academy of Pediatrics reports.
            (3) Programs developed for children are especially violent.
        A University of Pennsylvania study found that children's
        programming contains over 30 violent acts per hour.
            (4) Before the average child finishes grade school, he or
        she sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on
        television.
            (5) Numerous academic studies have built up astonishing
        evidence that shows children tend to imitate the behavior they
        see on television. The National Institute of Mental Health
        finds that violence on television leads to aggressive behavior
        by children and teenagers who watch violent programs.
            (6) Three different Surgeons General, the Attorney
        General's Task Force on Family Violence, the American Medical
        Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the American
        Academy of Pediatrics, and other authorities have all found
        that viewing televised violence is harmful to children.
            (7) Americans watch enormous amounts of television, and
        many children will watch television for twice as many hours
        (22,000 hours) as they attend school.
            (8) Many children watch violent television programs without
        adult supervision or guidance.
            (9) More than 20 years of research has led to a consensus
        that watching televised violence increases children's
        aggressiveness and desensitizes them to the effects and
        implications of violence, and the solidity of the agreement
        among respected scientists that televised violence is harmful
        nullifies arguments to the contrary by the television industry.
            (10) There is a need to find solutions that limit the
        harmful influence of television and radio violence and yet
        maintain our freedom of expression.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
            (1) The term ``violence'' means any action that has as an
        element the use or threatened use of physical force against the
        person of another, or against one's self, with intent to cause
        bodily harm to such person or one's self. For purposes of this
        Act, an action may involve violence regardless of whether or
        not such action or threat of action occurs in a realistic or
        serious context or in a humorous or cartoon type context.
            (2) The term ``programming'' includes cartoons.
            (3) The term ``child'' or ``children'' means any individual
        or individuals under 18 years of age.
            (4) The term ``person'' shall have the same meaning given
        that term under section 602(14) of the Communications Act of
        1934 (47 U.S.C. 522(14)).
            (5) The term ``cable operator'' shall have the same meaning
        given that term under section 602(4) of the Communications Act
        of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 522(4)).
            (6) The term ``cable service'' shall have the same meaning
        given that term under section 602(5) of the Communications Act
        of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 522(5)).
            (7) The term ``television or radio broadcast licensee''
        means a ``licensee'' as defined in section 3(c) of the
        Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153(c)) authorized to
        engage in television or radio broadcasting, including
        independent television broadcasting.
            (8) The term ``franchising authority'' shall have the same
        meaning given that term under section 602(10) of the
        Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 522(10)).

SEC. 4. RULEMAKING REQUIRED.

    (a) Standards.--The Federal Communications Commission shall, within
60 days after the date of the enactment of this section, initiate a
rulemaking proceeding to prescribe standards applicable to television
and radio broadcast licensees and cable operators providing cable
service under a franchise granted by a franchising authority, requiring
such television or radio broadcast licensees and cable operators,
including cable programmers, to reduce the broadcasting of all video
and audio programming which contains violence.
    (b) Final Standards.--The Commission shall, within 150 days
following the date of the enactment of this Act, prescribe final
standards in accordance with this section.

SEC. 5. VIOLATIONS.

    (a) Violations.--If a person violates any rule or regulation issued
or promulgated pursuant to section 3, the Federal Communications
Commission shall, after notice and opportunity for hearing, impose on
the person a civil fine of not more than $5,000. For purposes of this
subsection, each program in violation constitutes a separate violation.
    (b) Intentional Violations.--If a person intentionally violates any
rule or regulation issued or promulgated pursuant to section 3, the
Federal Communications Commission shall, after notice and opportunity
for hearing, impose on the person a civil fine of not less than $10,000
or more than $25,000. For purposes of this subsection, each program in
violation constitutes a separate violation.
    (c) Repeated Violations.--If a person repeatedly violates any rule
or regulation issued or promulgated pursuant to section 3, the Federal
Communications Commission shall, after notice and opportunity for
hearing, immediately repeal the person's broadcast license in the case
of a broadcaster, and immediately repeal the person's satellite license
in the case of the cable operator.

SEC. 6. EXCEPTIONS FOR CERTAIN VIDEO PROGRAMMING.

    The Federal Communications Commission may exempt, as public
interest requires, certain video and audio programming from the
requirements of section 3, including news broadcasts, sporting events,
educational programming and documentaries.

SEC. 7. CONSIDERATION OF VIOLATIONS IN BROADCAST LICENSE RENEWAL.

    The Federal Communications Commission shall consider, among the
elements in its review of an application for renewal of a television or
radio broadcast license, including an independent television
broadcaster, whether the licensee has complied with the standards
required to be prescribed under section 3 of this Act.

Summary: Television and Radio Program Violence Reduction Act of 1993 - Requires the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to prescribe standards requiring television and radio broadcast licensees and cable operators, including cable programmers, to reduce the broadcasting of all video and audio programming which contains violence. Authorizes the FCC to exempt, as public interest requires, certain video and audio programming, including news broadcasts, sporting events, educational programming, and documentaries. Directs the FCC to consider, in its review of an application for renewal of a television or radio broadcast license, whether the licensee has complied with this Act.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Medicare Fracture Prevention and
Osteoporosis Testing Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Since 1997, Congress has recognized the importance of
        osteoporosis prevention by standardizing reimbursement under
        the Medicare program for bone mass measurement.
            (2) One decade later, osteoporosis remains underdiagnosed
        and untreated despite numerous Federal initiatives, including
        recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task
        Force, the 2004 United States Surgeon General's Report on Bone
        Health and Osteoporosis, and inclusion of bone mass measurement
        in the Welcome to Medicare exam.
            (3) Even though osteoporosis is a highly manageable
        disease, many patients lack access to early diagnosis that can
        prevent debilitating fractures, morbidity, and loss of
        mobility.
            (4) Although Caucasians are most likely to sustain
        osteoporosis fractures, the cost of fractures among the
        nonwhite population is projected to increase by as much as 180
        percent over the next 20 years.
            (5) Black women are more likely than White women to die
        following a hip fracture.
            (6) Osteoporosis is a critical women's health issue. Women
        account for 71 percent of fractures and 75 percent of
        osteoporosis-associated costs.
            (7) The World Health Organization, the Centers for Medicare
        & Medicaid Services, and other medical experts concur that the
        most widely accepted method of measuring bone mass to predict
        fracture risk is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (in this Act
        referred to as ``DXA''). Vertebral fracture assessment (in this
        Act referred to as ``VFA'') is another test used to identify
        patients at high risk for future fracture.
            (8) Unlike other imaging procedures, bone mass measurement
        testing remains severely underutilized with less than 20
        percent of eligible Medicare beneficiaries taking advantage of
        the benefit.
            (9) Underutilization of bone mass measurement will strain
        the Medicare budget because--
                    (A) 55 percent of the people age 50 and older in
                2002 had osteoporosis or low bone mass;
                    (B) more than 61,000,000 people in the United
                States are projected to have osteoporosis or low bone
                mass in 2020, as compared to 43,000,000 in 2002;
                    (C) osteoporosis fractures are projected to
                increase by almost 50 percent over the next 2 decades
                with at least 3,000,000 fractures expected to occur
                annually by 2025;
                    (D) the population aged 65 and older represents 89
                percent of fracture costs; and
                    (E) the economic burden of osteoporosis fractures
                are projected to increase by 50 percent over the next 2
                decades, reaching $25,300,000,000 in 2025.
            (10) Underutilization of bone mass measurement will also
        strain the Medicaid budget, which funds treatment for
        osteoporosis in low-income Americans.
            (11) Reimbursement under the Medicare program for DXA
        provided in physician offices and other non-hospital settings
        was reduced by 40 percent and will be reduced by a total of 75
        percent by 2010. This drop represents one of the largest
        reimbursement reductions in the history of the Medicare
        program. Reimbursement for VFA will also be reduced by 50
        percent by 2010.
            (12) The reduction in reimbursement discourages physicians
        from continuing to provide access to DXA or VFA in their
        offices. Since two-thirds of all DXA scans are performed in
        nonfacility settings, such as physician offices, patient access
        to bone mass measurement will be severely compromised when
        physicians discontinue providing those tests in their offices,
        thereby exacerbating the current underutilization of the
        benefit.

SEC. 3. MINIMUM PAYMENT FOR BONE MASS MEASUREMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 1848(b) of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395w-4(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Treatment of bone mass scans.--Notwithstanding the
        provisions of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish a
        national minimum payment amount for CPT code 77080 (relating to
        dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and CPT code 77082 (relating
        to vertebral fracture assessment), and any successor to such
        codes as identified by the Secretary. Such minimum payment
        amount shall not be less than 100 percent of the reimbursement
        rates in effect for such codes (or predecessor codes) on
        December 31, 2006.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
apply to bone mass measurement furnished on or after January 1, 2008.

SEC. 4. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
enter into an arrangement with the Institute of Medicine of the
National Academies to conduct a study on the following:
            (1) The ramifications of Medicare reimbursement reductions
        for DXA and VFA on beneficiary access to bone mass measurement
        benefits in general and in rural and minority communities
        specifically.
            (2) Methods to increase use of bone mass measurement by
        Medicare beneficiaries.
    (b) Report.--The agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall
provide for the Institute of Medicine to submit to the Secretary and
the Congress, not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of
this Act, a report containing a description of the results of the study
conducted under such subsection and the conclusions and recommendations
of the Institute of Medicine regarding each of the issues described in
paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection.

Summary: Medicare Fracture Prevention and Osteoporosis Testing Act of 2007 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a national minimum payment amount for CPT code 77080 and CPT code 77082 , and any successor to such codes as identified by the Secretary . Directs the Secretary to arrange with the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies to conduct a study for a report to the Secretary and Congress on: (1) the ramifications of Medicare reimbursement reductions for DXA and VFA on beneficiary access to bone mass measurement benefits. And (2) the methods to increase use of bone mass measurement by Medicare beneficiaries.

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to improve access to, and increase utilization of, bone mass measurement benefits under the Medicare part B Program.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Promoting Affordable Childcare for
Everyone Act'' or the ``PACE Act''.

SEC. 2. REFUNDABILITY OF CHILD AND DEPENDENT CARE TAX CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 21 as section 36C, and
            (2) by moving section 36C, as so redesignated, from subpart
        A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 to the location
        immediately before section 37 in subpart C of part IV of
        subchapter A of chapter 1.
    (b) Technical Amendments.--
            (1) Paragraph (1) of section 23(f) of the Internal Revenue
        Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``21(e)'' and inserting
        ``36C(e)''.
            (2) Paragraph (6) of section 35(g) of such Code is amended
        by striking ``21(e)'' and inserting ``36C(e)''.
            (3) Paragraph (1) of section 36C(a) of such Code (as
        redesignated by subsection (a)) is amended by striking ``this
        chapter'' and inserting ``this subtitle''.
            (4) Subparagraph (C) of section 129(a)(2) of such Code is
        amended by striking ``section 21(e)'' and inserting ``section
        36C(e)''.
            (5) Paragraph (2) of section 129(b) of such Code is amended
        by striking ``section 21(d)(2)'' and inserting ``section
        36C(d)(2)''.
            (6) Paragraph (1) of section 129(e) of such Code is amended
        by striking ``section 21(b)(2)'' and inserting ``section
        36C(b)(2)''.
            (7) Subsection (e) of section 213 of such Code is amended
        by striking ``section 21'' and inserting ``section 36C''.
            (8) Subparagraph (H) of section 6213(g)(2) of such Code is
        amended by striking ``section 21'' and inserting ``section
        36C''.
            (9) Subparagraph (L) of section 6213(g)(2) of such Code is
        amended by striking ``section 21, 24, or 32,'' and inserting
        ``section 24, 32, or 36C,''.
            (10) Paragraph (2) of section 1324(b) of title 31, United
        States Code, is amended by inserting ``36C,'' after ``36B,''.
            (11) The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of
        subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
        is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 36B
        the following:

``Sec. 36C. Expenses for household and dependent care services
                            necessary for gainful employment.''.
            (12) The table of sections for subpart A of such part IV is
        amended by striking the item relating to section 21.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016.

SEC. 3. ENHANCEMENT OF THE CHILD AND DEPENDENT CARE TAX CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Section 36C of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as redesignated by section 2 of this Act, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1) of subsection (a), by striking ``35
        percent reduced (but not below 20 percent)'' and inserting ``50
        percent reduced (but not below 35 percent)'',
            (2) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g), and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new
        subsection:
    ``(f) Inflation Adjustment.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of any taxable year
        beginning after 2016, each of the dollar amounts in subsections
        (a)(2) and (c) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
                    ``(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
                    ``(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined
                under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which
                the taxable year begins, determined by substituting
                `calendar year 2015' for `calendar year 1992' in
                subparagraph (B) thereof.
            ``(2) Rounding.--If any increase determined under paragraph
        (1) is not a multiple of $50, such increase shall be rounded to
        the nearest multiple of $50.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016.

SEC. 4. INCREASE IN EXCLUSION FOR EMPLOYER-PROVIDED DEPENDENT CARE
              ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Subparagraph (A) of section 129(a)(2) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to dependent care assistance
programs) is amended by striking ``$5,000 ($2,500'' and inserting
``$7,500 (half such dollar amount''.
    (b) Inflation Adjustment.--Paragraph (2) of section 129(a) of such
Code is amended by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D)
and by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) Inflation adjustment.--In the case of any
                taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 2017,
                the $7,500 amount in subparagraph (A) shall be
                increased by an amount equal to--
                            ``(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by
                            ``(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment
                        determined under section 1(f)(3) for the
                        calendar year in which the taxable year begins,
                        determined by substituting `calendar year 2016'
                        for `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B)
                        thereof.
                Any increase determined under the preceding sentence
                shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $100.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016.

Summary: Promoting Affordable Childcare for Everyone Act or the PACE Act This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to the tax credit for expenses for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment , to: (1) make the credit refundable, (2) increase the rate for the credit, and (3) require the dollar amounts for such credit to be adjusted for inflation after 2016. The bill also increases the amount of employer-provided dependent care assistance which may be excluded from the gross income of an employee and requires the increased exclusion amount to be adjusted for inflation after 2017.

PACE Act


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``SAFE Transitional License Act''.

SEC. 2. ELIMINATING BARRIERS TO JOBS FOR LOAN ORIGINATORS.

    (a) In General.--The S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 (12
U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1518. EMPLOYMENT TRANSITION OF LOAN ORIGINATORS.

    ``(a) Temporary Authority To Originate Loans for Loan Originators
Moving From a Depository Institution to a Non-Depository Institution.--
            ``(1) In general.--Upon employment by a State-licensed
        mortgage company, an individual who is a registered loan
        originator shall be deemed to have temporary authority to act
        as a loan originator in an application State for the period
        described in paragraph (2) if the individual--
                    ``(A) has not had an application for a loan
                originator license denied, or had such a license
                revoked or suspended in any governmental jurisdiction;
                    ``(B) has not been subject to or served with a
                cease and desist order in any governmental jurisdiction
                or as described in section 1514(c);
                    ``(C) has not been convicted of a felony that would
                preclude licensure under the law of the application
                State;
                    ``(D) has submitted an application to be a State-
                licensed loan originator in the application State; and
                    ``(E) was registered in the Nationwide Mortgage
                Licensing System and Registry as a loan originator
                during the 12-month period preceding the date of
                submission of the information required under section
                1505(a).
            ``(2) Period.--The period described in this paragraph shall
        begin on the date on which the individual submits the
        information required under section 1505(a) and shall end on the
        earliest of--
                    ``(A) the date on which the individual withdraws
                the application to be a State-licensed loan originator
                in the application State;
                    ``(B) the date on which the application State
                denies, or issues a notice of intent to deny, the
                application;
                    ``(C) the date on which the application State
                grants a State license; or
                    ``(D) the date that is 120 days after the date on
                which the individual submits the application, if the
                application is listed on the Nationwide Mortgage
                Licensing System and Registry as incomplete.
    ``(b) Temporary Authority To Originate Loans for State-Licensed
Loan Originators Moving Interstate.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State-licensed loan originator shall
        be deemed to have temporary authority to act as a loan
        originator in an application State for the period described in
        paragraph (2) if the State-licensed loan originator--
                    ``(A) meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A),
                (B), (C), and (D) of subsection (a)(1);
                    ``(B) is employed by a State-licensed mortgage
                company in the application State; and
                    ``(C) was licensed in a State that is not the
                application State during the 30-day period preceding
                the date of submission of the information required
                under section 1505(a) in connection with the
                application submitted to the application State.
            ``(2) Period.--The period described in this paragraph shall
        begin on the date on which the State-licensed loan originator
        submits the information required under section 1505(a) in
        connection with the application submitted to the application
        State and end on the earliest of--
                    ``(A) the date on which the State-licensed loan
                originator withdraws the application to be a State-
                licensed loan originator in the application State;
                    ``(B) the date on which the application State
                denies, or issues a notice of intent to deny, the
                application;
                    ``(C) the date on which the application State
                grants a State license; or
                    ``(D) the date that is 120 days after the date on
                which the State-licensed loan originator submits the
                application, if the application is listed on the
                Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry as
                incomplete.
    ``(c) Applicability.--
            ``(1) Employer of loan originators.--Any person employing
        an individual who is deemed to have temporary authority to act
        as a loan originator in an application State pursuant to this
        section shall be subject to the requirements of this title and
        to applicable State law to the same extent as if such
        individual was a State-licensed loan originator licensed by the
        application State.
            ``(2) Engaging in mortgage loan activities.--Any individual
        who is deemed to have temporary authority to act as a loan
        originator in an application State pursuant to this section and
        who engages in residential mortgage loan origination activities
        shall be subject to the requirements of this title and to
        applicable State law to the same extent as if such individual
        was a State-licensed loan originator licensed by the
        application State.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions
shall apply:
            ``(1) Application state.--The term `application State'
        means a State in which a registered loan originator or a State-
        licensed loan originator seeks to be licensed.
            ``(2) State-licensed mortgage company.--The term `State-
        licensed mortgage company' means an entity licensed or
        registered under the law of any State to engage in residential
        mortgage loan origination and processing activities.''.
    (b) Table of Contents Amendment.--The table of contents in section
1(b) of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 4501
note) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1517
the following:

``Sec. 1518. Employment transition of loan originators.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section and the amendments made by this
section shall take effect on the date that is 18 months after the date
of enactment of this Act.

Summary: SAFE Transitional License Act This bill amends the S. A. F. E. Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008 to temporarily allow loan originators that meet specified requirements to continue to originate loans after moving: (1)nbsp. From one state to another, or (2) from a depository institution to a non-depository institution.

SAFE Transitional License Act


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Hurricane Sand Dunes National
Recreation Area Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Federal land.--The term ``Federal land'' means land
        owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management in
        Washington County in the State.
            (2) Map.--The term ``map'' means the map prepared by the
        Bureau of Land Management entitled ``Hurricane Sand Dunes
        National Recreation Area'' and dated November 14, 2014.
            (3) Non-federal land.--The term ``non-Federal land'' means
        the State land identified on the map as State land.
            (4) Proposed exchange parcel.--The term ``proposed exchange
        parcel'' means the approximately 1,205 acres of Bureau of Land
        Management land identified on the map as ``Proposed Exchange
        Parcel''.
            (5) Recreation area.--The term ``Recreation Area'' means
        the Hurricane Sand Dunes National Recreation Area established
        by section 3(a).
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary
        of the Interior.
            (7) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of Utah.

SEC. 3. HURRICANE SAND DUNES NATIONAL RECREATION AREA, UTAH.

    (a) Designation.--There is established in the State the Hurricane
Sand Dunes National Recreation Area to provide for--
            (1) the enhancement of recreational uses; and
            (2) the use of off-highway vehicles.
    (b) Boundary.--
            (1) In general.--The Recreation Area shall consist of the
        approximately 18,447 acres of Bureau of Land Management land in
        the State identified on the map as ``Open OHV Area''.
            (2) Exclusion.--The proposed exchange parcel shall be
        excluded from the Recreation Area.
    (c) Administration of Recreation Area and Proposed Exchange
Parcel.--The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Bureau of
Land Management, shall--
            (1) administer the Recreation Area and proposed exchange
        parcel--
                    (A) in accordance with--
                            (i) the applicable Federal laws (including
                        regulations) and rules applicable to the Bureau
                        of Land Management; and
                            (ii) applicable land use plans; and
                    (B) consistent with the administration of the Sand
                Mountain Open OHV Area, as in existence on the day
                before the date of enactment of this Act; and
            (2) only allow uses of the Recreation Area that are
        consistent with the purposes described in subsection (a).
    (d) Fish and Wildlife.--Nothing in this section affects the
jurisdiction or responsibilities of the State with respect to fish and
wildlife in the State.
    (e) Adjacent Management.--Nothing in this section creates any
protective perimeter or buffer zone around the Recreation Area.
    (f) Use of Off-Highway Vehicles.--The land described in subsection
(b)(1) shall remain open, in perpetuity, to the use of off-highway
vehicles.

SEC. 4. EXCHANGE OF FEDERAL LAND AND NON-FEDERAL LAND.

    (a) In General.--If the State offers to convey to the United States
title to the non-Federal land, the Secretary shall--
            (1) accept the offer; and
            (2) on receipt of all right, title, and interest in and to
        the non-Federal land, convey to the State all right, title, and
        interest of the United States in and to the Federal land.
    (b) Valid Existing Rights.--The exchange authorized under
subsection (a) shall be subject to valid existing rights.
    (c) Title Approval.--Title to the Federal land and non-Federal land
to be exchanged under this section shall be in a format acceptable to
the Secretary and the State.
    (d) Appraisals.--
            (1) In general.--The value of the Federal land and the non-
        Federal land to be exchanged under this section shall be
        determined by appraisals conducted by 1 or more independent
        appraisers retained by the State, with the consent of the
        Secretary.
            (2) Applicable law.--The appraisals under paragraph (1)
        shall be conducted in accordance with nationally recognized
        appraisal standards, including, as appropriate, the Uniform
        Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions.
            (3) Approval.--The appraisals conducted under paragraph (1)
        shall be submitted to the Secretary and the State for approval.
    (e) Equal Value Exchange.--
            (1) In general.--The value of the Federal land and non-
        Federal land to be exchanged under this section--
                    (A) shall be equal; or
                    (B) shall be made equal in accordance with
                paragraph (2).
            (2) Equalization.--
                    (A) Surplus of federal land.--If the value of the
                Federal land exceeds the value of the non-Federal land,
                the value of the Federal land and non-Federal land
                shall be equalized, as determined to be appropriate and
                acceptable by the Secretary and the State--
                            (i) by reducing the acreage of the Federal
                        land to be conveyed; or
                            (ii) by adding additional State land to the
                        non-Federal land to be conveyed.
                    (B) Surplus of non-federal land.--If the value of
                the non-Federal land exceeds the value of the Federal
                land, the value of the Federal land and non-Federal
                land shall be equalized by reducing the acreage of the
                non-Federal land to be conveyed, as determined to be
                appropriate and acceptable by the Secretary and the
                State.
    (f) Status and Management of Non-Federal Land.--On conveyance to
the Secretary, the non-Federal land shall, in accordance with section
206(c) of the Federal Land Policy Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1716(c)), be
added to, and administered by the Secretary as part of, the Recreation
Area.

Summary: Hurricane Sand Dunes National Recreation Area Act of 2015 Establishes the Hurricane Sand Dunes National Recreation Area in Utah, consisting of approximately 18,447 acres of land managed by the Bureau of Land Management, to provide for the enhancement of recreational uses and the use of off-highway vehicles. Excludes 1,205 acres to be used in a land exchange under this Act. Provides for the conveyance of federal lands in Washington County, Utah, in an equal-value exchange for certain non-federal lands.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Improved Passenger
Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2007''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
                    TITLE I--40 MPG STANDARD BY 2017

Sec. 101. Cafe standards for passenger automobiles.
Sec. 102. Fuel economy standard credits.
Sec. 103. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 104. Effective date.
    TITLE II--MARKET-BASED INITIATIVES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION

Sec. 201. Market-based initiatives.
Sec. 202. Implementing panel.
Sec. 203. Definitions.

                    TITLE I--40 MPG STANDARD BY 2017

SEC. 101. CAFE STANDARDS FOR PASSENGER AUTOMOBILES.

    (a) Average Fuel Economy Standards for Automobiles.--Section 32902
of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (b) and (c) and inserting the
        following:
    ``(b) Passenger Automobiles.--
            ``(1) In general.--At least 18 months before the beginning
        of each model year, the Secretary of Transportation shall
        prescribe by regulation average fuel economy standards for
        passenger automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer in that
        model year. Each standard shall be the maximum feasible average
        fuel economy level that the Secretary decides the manufacturers
        can achieve in that model year. The Secretary may prescribe
        separate standards for different classes of passenger
        automobiles.
            ``(2) Minimum standard.--Except as provided in paragraph
        (3), in prescribing a standard under paragraph (1), the
        Secretary shall ensure that no manufacturer's standard for a
        particular model year is less than the greater of--
                    ``(A) the standard in effect on the date of
                enactment of the Improved Passenger Automobile Fuel
                Economy Act of 2007; or
                    ``(B) a standard established in accordance with the
                requirement of section 104(c)(2) of that Act.
            ``(3) 40 miles per gallon standard for model year 2017.--
        The Secretary shall prescribe an average fuel economy standard
        for passenger automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer in
        model year 2017 of 40 miles per gallon. If the Secretary
        determines that more than 1 manufacturer is not reasonably
        expected to achieve that standard, the Secretary shall notify
        the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
        and the House of Representatives Committee on Energy and
        Commerce of that determination.
    ``(c) Flexibility of Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--The authority of the Secretary to
        prescribe by regulation average fuel economy standards for
        automobiles under this section includes the authority to
        prescribe standards based on one or more vehicle attributes
        that relate to fuel economy, and to express the standards in
        the form of a mathematical function. The Secretary may issue a
        regulation prescribing standards for one or more model years.
            ``(2) Required lead-time.--When the Secretary prescribes an
        amendment to a standard under this section that makes an
        average fuel economy standard more stringent, the Secretary
        shall prescribe the amendment at least 18 months before the
        beginning of the model year to which the amendment applies.
            ``(3) No across-the-board increases.--When the Secretary
        prescribes a standard, or prescribes an amendment under this
        section that changes a standard, the standard may not be
        expressed as a uniform percentage increase from the fuel-
        economy performance of automobile classes or categories already
        achieved in a model year by a manufacturer.'';
            (2) by inserting ``motor vehicle safety, emissions,'' in
        subsection (f) after ``economy,'';
            (3) by striking ``energy.'' in subsection (f) and inserting
        ``energy and reduce its dependence on oil for
        transportation.'';
            (4) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following:
    ``(j) Notice of Final Rule.--Before taking final action on a
standard or an exemption from a standard under this section, the
Secretary of Transportation shall notify the Secretary of Energy and
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and provide
them a reasonable time to comment on the standard or exemption.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end thereof the following:
    ``(k) Costs-Benefits.--The Secretary of Transportation may not
prescribe an average fuel economy standard under this section that
imposes marginal costs that exceed marginal benefits, as determined at
the time any change in the standard is promulgated.''.
    (b) Exemption Criteria.--The first sentence of section
32904(b)(6)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``exemption would result in reduced'' and
        inserting ``manufacturer requesting the exemption will
        transfer'';
            (2) by striking ``in the United States'' and inserting
        ``from the United States''; and
            (3) by inserting ``because of the grant of the exemption''
        after ``manufacturing''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 32902 of title 49, United States Code, is
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``or (c)'' in subsection (d)(1);
                    (B) by striking ``(c),'' in subsection (e)(2);
                    (C) by striking ``subsection (a) or (d)'' each
                place it appears in subsection (g)(1) and inserting
                ``subsection (a), (b), or (d)'';
                    (D) by striking ``(1) The'' in subsection (g)(1)
                and inserting ``The'';
                    (E) by striking subsection (g)(2); and
                    (F) by striking ``(c),'' in subsection (h) and
                inserting ``(b),''.
            (2) Section 32903 of such title is amended by striking
        ``section 32902(b)-(d)'' each place it appears and inserting
        ``subsection (b) or (d) of section 32902''.
            (3) Section 32904(a)(1)(B) of such title is amended by
        striking ``section 32902(b)-(d)'' and inserting ``subsection
        (b) or (d) of section 32902''.
            (4) The first sentence of section 32909(b) of such title is
        amended to read ``The petition must be filed not later than 59
        days after the regulation is prescribed.''.
            (5) Section 32917(b)(1)(B) of such title is amended by
        striking ``or (c)''.

SEC. 102. FUEL ECONOMY STANDARD CREDITS.

    (a) In General.--Section 32903 of title 49, United States Code, is
amended by striking the second sentence of subsection (a) and inserting
``The credits--
            ``(1) may be applied to any of the 3 model years
        immediately following the model year for which the credits are
        earned; or
            ``(2) transferred to the registry established under section
        201 of the Improved Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Act of
        2007.''.
    (b) Greenhouse Gas Credits Applied to CAFE Standards.--Section
32903 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end
the following:
    ``(g) Greenhouse Gas Credits.--
            ``(1) In general.--A manufacturer may apply credits
        purchased through the registry established by section 201 of
        the Improved Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2007
        toward any model year after model year 2010 under subsection
        (d), subsection (e), or both.
            ``(2) Limitation.--A manufacturer may not use credits
        purchased through the registry to offset more than 10 percent
        of the fuel economy standard applicable to any model year.''.

SEC. 103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of
Transportation such sums as may be necessary to carry out this title
and chapter 329 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this
title.

SEC. 104. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this title,
and the amendments made by this title, take effect on the date of
enactment of this Act.
    (b) Transition for Passenger Automobile Standard.--Notwithstanding
subsection (a), and except as provided in subsection (c)(2), until the
effective date of a standard for passenger automobiles that is issued
under the authority of section 32902(b) of title 49, United States
Code, as amended by this Act, the standard or standards in place for
passenger automobiles under the authority of section 32902 of that
title, as that section was in effect on the day before the date of
enactment of this Act, shall remain in effect.
    (c) Rulemaking.--
            (1) Initiation of rulemaking under amended law.--Within 60
        days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
        Transportation shall initiate a rulemaking for passenger
        automobiles under section 32902(b) of title 49, United States
        Code, as amended by this Act.
            (2) Amendment of existing standard.--Until the Secretary
        issues a final rule pursuant to the rulemaking initiated in
        accordance with paragraph (1), the Secretary shall amend the
        average fuel economy standard prescribed pursuant to section
        32092(b) of title 49, United States Code, with respect to
        passenger automobiles in model years to which the standard
        adopted by such final rule does not apply.

    TITLE II--MARKET-BASED INITIATIVES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION

SEC. 201. MARKET-BASED INITIATIVES.

    (a) Establishment of Registry for Voluntary Trading Systems.--The
Secretary of Commerce shall establish a national registry system for
greenhouse gas trading among industry under which emission reductions
from the applicable baseline are assigned unique identifying numerical
codes by the registry. Participation in the registry is voluntary. Any
entity conducting business in the United States may register its
emission results, including emissions generated outside of the United
States, on an entity-wide basis with the registry, and may utilize the
services of the registry.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the national registry are--
            (1) to encourage voluntary actions to reduce greenhouse gas
        emissions and increase energy efficiency, including increasing
        the fuel economy of passenger automobiles and light trucks and
        reducing the reliance by United States markets on petroleum
        produced outside the United States used to provide vehicular
        fuel;
            (2) to enable participating entities to record voluntary
        greenhouse gas emissions reductions; in a consistent format
        that is supported by third party verification;
            (3) to encourage participants involved in existing
        partnerships to be able to trade emissions reductions among
        partnerships;
            (4) to further recognize, publicize, and promote
        registrants making voluntary and mandatory reductions;
            (5) to recruit more participants in the program; and
            (6) to help various entities in the nation establish
        emissions baselines.
    (c) Functions.--The national registry shall carry out the following
functions:
            (1) Referrals.--Provide referrals to approved providers for
        advice on--
                    (A) designing programs to establish emissions
                baselines and to monitor and track greenhouse gas
                emissions; and
                    (B) establishing emissions reduction goals based on
                international best practices for specific industries
                and economic sectors.
            (2) Uniform reporting format.--Adopt a uniform format for
        reporting emissions baselines and reductions established
        through--
                    (A) the Director of the National Institute of
                Standards and Technology for greenhouse gas baselines
                and reductions generally; and
                    (B) the Secretary of Transportation for credits
                under section 32903 of title 49, United States Code.
            (3) Record maintenance.--Maintain a record of all emission
        baselines and reductions verified by qualified independent
        auditors.
            (4) Encourage participation.--Encourage organizations from
        various sectors to monitor emissions, establish baselines and
        reduction targets, and implement efficiency improvement and
        renewable energy programs to achieve those targets.
            (5) Public awareness.--Recognize, publicize, and promote
        participants that--
                    (A) commit to monitor their emissions and set
                reduction targets;
                    (B) establish emission baselines; and
                    (C) report on the amount of progress made on their
                annual emissions.
    (d) Transfer of Reductions.--The registry shall--
            (1) allow for the transfer of ownership of any reductions
        realized in accordance with the program; and
            (2) require that the registry be notified of any such
        transfer within 30 days after the transfer is effected.
    (e) Future Considerations.--Any reductions achieved under this
program shall be credited against any future mandatory greenhouse gas
reductions required by the government. Final approval of the amount and
value of credits shall be determined by the agency responsible for the
implementation of the mandatory greenhouse gas emission reduction
program, except that credits under section 32903 of title 49, United
States Code, shall be determined by the Secretary of Transportation.
The Secretary of Commerce shall by rule establish an appeals process,
that may incorporate an arbitration option, for resolving any dispute
arising out of such a determination made by that agency.
    (f) CAFE Standards Credits.--The Secretary of Transportation shall
work with the Secretary of Commerce and the implementing panel
established by section 202 to determine the equivalency of credits
earned under section 32903 of title 49, United States Code, for
inclusion in the registry. The Secretary shall by rule establish an
appeals process, that may incorporate an arbitration option, for
resolving any dispute arising out of such a determination.

SEC. 202. IMPLEMENTING PANEL.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established within the Department of
Commerce an implementing panel.
    (b) Composition.--The panel shall consist of--
            (1) the Secretary of Commerce or the Secretary's designee,
        who shall serve as Chairperson;
            (2) the Secretary of Transportation or the Secretary's
        designee; and
            (3) 1 expert in the field of greenhouse gas emissions
        reduction, certification, or trading from each of the following
        agencies--
                    (A) the Department of Energy;
                    (B) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    (C) the Department of Agriculture;
                    (D) the National Aeronautics and Space
                Administration;
                    (E) the Department of Commerce; and
                    (F) the Department of Transportation.
    (c) Experts and Consultants.--Any member of the panel may secure
the services of experts and consultants in accordance with the
provisions of section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, for
greenhouse gas reduction, certification, and trading experts in the
private and non-profit sectors and may also utilize any grant,
contract, cooperative agreement, or other arrangement authorized by law
to carry out its activities under this subsection.
    (d) Duties.--The panel shall--
            (1) implement and oversee the implementation of this
        section;
            (2) promulgate--
                    (A) standards for certification of registries and
                operation of certified registries; and
                    (B) standards for measurement, verification, and
                recording of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse
                gas emission reductions by certified registries;
            (3) maintain, and make available to the public, a list of
        certified registries; and
            (4) issue rulemakings on standards for measuring,
        verifying, and recording greenhouse gas emissions and
        greenhouse gas emission reductions proposed to the panel by
        certified registries, through a standard process of issuing a
        proposed rule, taking public comment for no less than 30 days,
        then finalizing regulations to implement this act, which will
        provide for recognizing new forms of acceptable greenhouse gas
        reduction certification procedures.
    (e) Certification and Operation Standards.--The standards
promulgated by the panel shall include--
            (1) standards for ensuring that certified registries do not
        have any conflicts of interest, including standards that
        prohibit a certified registry from--
                    (A) owning greenhouse gas emission reductions
                recorded in any certified registry; or
                    (B) receiving compensation in the form of a
                commission where sources receive money for the total
                number of tons certified;
            (2) standards for authorizing certified registries to enter
        into agreements with for-profit persons engaged in trading of
        greenhouse gas emission reductions, subject to paragraph (1);
        and
            (3) such other standards for certification of registries
        and operation of certified registries as the panel determines
        to be appropriate.
    (f) Measurement, Verification, and Recording Standards.--The
standards promulgated by the panel shall provide for, in the case of
certified registries--
            (1) ensuring that certified registries accurately measure,
        verify, and record

Summary: Improved Passenger Automobile Fuel Economy Act of 2007 - Revises minimum corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for passenger automobiles to direct the Secretary of Transportation, for each model year, to prescribe minimum CAFE standards for passenger automobiles, with the minimum standard being the current standard of 27.5 miles per gallon. Requires a CAFE standard of 40 miles per gallon for passenger automobiles manufactured in model year 2017. Authorizes credits earned by a manufacturer when the average fuel economy of passenger automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer in a particular model year exceeds an applicable established average fuel economy standard to be applied to any of the three model years immediately following the model year in which such credits are earned, or transferred to a national registry system for greenhouse gases. Authorizes a manufacturer to apply credits purchased through the registry toward applicable CAFE standards for passenger or non-passenger automobiles after model year 2010. Establishes a national greenhouse registry to encourage voluntary actions to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency. Establishes within the Department of Commerce an implementing panel to, among other things promulgate standards for: (1) certification of registries and operation of certified registries. And (2) measurement, verification, and recording of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas emission reductions by certified registries.

A bill to require the establishment of a corporate average fuel economy standard for passenger automobiles of 40 miles per gallon by 2017, and for other purposes.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Birth Defects
Prevention Act of 1993''.
    (b) Findings.--The Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Birth defects are the leading cause of infant
        mortality, directly responsible for one out of every five
        infant deaths.
            (2) Thousands of the 250,000 infants born with a birth
        defect annually face a lifetime of chronic disability and
        illness.
            (3) Birth defects threaten the lives of infants of all
        racial and ethnic backgrounds. However, some conditions pose
        excess risks for certain populations. For example, compared to
        all infants born in the United States, Hispanic-American
        infants are more likely to be born with anencephaly spina
        bifida and other neural tube defects and African-American
        infants are more likely to be born with sickle-cell anemia.
            (4) Birth defects can be caused by exposure to
        environmental hazards, adverse health conditions during
        pregnancy, or genetic mutations. Prevention efforts are slowed
        by lack of information about the number and causes of birth
        defects. Outbreaks of birth defects may go undetected because
        surveillance and research efforts are underdeveloped and poorly
        coordinated.

SEC. 2. BIRTH DEFECTS PREVENTION AND RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    Part B of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 243
et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 317A the following new
section:

            ``birth defects prevention and research programs

    ``Sec. 317B. (a) National Birth Defects Surveillance Program.--The
Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease
Control, may award grants to, enter into cooperative agreements with,
or provide direct technical assistance in lieu of cash to States, State
health authorities, or health agencies of political subdivisions of a
State for collection, analysis, and reporting of birth defects
statistics from birth certificates, infant death certificates, hospital
records, or other sources and to collect and disaggregate such
statistics by gender and racial and ethnic group.
    ``(b) Centers for Excellence for Birth Defects Prevention
Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish at least
        five regional birth defects monitoring and research programs
        for the purpose of collecting and analyzing information on the
        number, incidence, correlates, and causes of birth defects, to
        include information regarding gender and different racial and
        ethnic groups, including Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites,
        African Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans.
            ``(2) Authority for awards.--For purposes of paragraph (1),
        the Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for
        Disease Control, may award grants or enter into cooperative
        agreements with State departments of health, universities, or
        other private, nonprofit entities engaged in research to enable
        such entities to serve as Centers of Excellence for Birth
        Defects Prevention Research.
            ``(3) Application.--To be eligible for grants or
        cooperative agreements under paragraph (2), the entity shall
        prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at such
        time, in such manner and containing such information as the
        Secretary may prescribe, including assurances that--
                    ``(A) the program will collect, analyze, and report
                birth defects data according to guidelines prescribed
                by the Director of the Centers for Disease Control;
                    ``(B) the program will coordinate States birth
                defects surveillance and prevention efforts within a
                region;
                    ``(C) education, training, and clinical skills
                improvement for health professionals aimed at the
                prevention and control of birth defects will be
                included in the program activities;
                    ``(D) development and evaluation of birth defects
                prevention strategies will be included in the program
                activities, as appropriate; and
                    ``(E) the program funds will not be used to
                supplant or duplicate State efforts.
            ``(4) Centers to focus on racial and ethnic disparities in
        birth defects.--One of the Centers of Excellence shall focus on
        birth defects among ethnic minorities, and shall be located in
        a standard metropolitan statistical area that has over a 60
        percent ethnic minority population, is federally designated as
        a health professional shortage area, and has an incidence of
        one or more birth defects more than four times the national
        average.
    ``(c) Clearinghouse.--The Centers for Disease Control shall serve
as the coordinating agency for birth defects prevention activities
through establishment of a clearinghouse for the collection and storage
of data and generated from birth defects monitoring programs developed
under subsections (a) and (b). Functions of such clearinghouse shall
include facilitating the coordination of research and policy
development to prevent birth defects. The clearinghouse shall
disaggregate data by gender and by racial and ethnic groups, the major
Hispanic subgroups, non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, Native
Americans, and Asian Americans.
    ``(d) Prevention Strategies.--The Secretary, acting through the
Director of the Centers for Disease Control, shall award grants to or
enter into cooperative agreements with State departments of health,
universities, or other private, or nonprofit entities to enable such
entities to develop, evaluate and implement prevention strategies
designed to reduce the incidence and effects or birth defects
including--
            ``(1) demonstration projects for the prevention of birth
        defects, including--
                    ``(A) at least one project aimed at enhancing
                prevention services in a `high-risk area' that has a
                proportion of birth to minority women above the
                national average, is federally designated as a health
                professional shortage area, and has a high incidence of
                one or more birth defects; and
                    ``(B) at least one outcome research project to
                study the effectiveness of infant interventions aimed
                at amelioration of birth defects; and
            ``(2) public information and education programs for the
        prevention of birth defects, including but not limited to
        programs aimed at prevention of alcohol and illicit drug use
        during pregnancy and promotion of use of folic acid vitamin
        supplements for women of childbearing age in a manner which is
        sensitive to the cultural and linguistic context of a given
        community.
    ``(e) Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) Establishment of committee.--The Secretary shall
        establish an Advisory Committee for Birth Defects Prevention
        (in this subsection referred to as the `Committee'). The
        Committee shall provide advice and recommendations on
        prevention and amelioration of birth defects to the Secretary
        and the Director of the Centers for Disease Control.
            ``(2) Functions.--With respect to birth defects prevention,
        the Committee shall--
                    ``(A) make recommendations regarding prevention
                research and intervention priorities;
                    ``(B) study and recommend ways to prevent birth
                defects, with emphasis on emerging technologies;
                    ``(C) identify annually the important areas of
                government and nongovernment cooperation needed to
                implement prevention strategies;
                    ``(D) identify research and prevention strategies
                which would be successful in addressing birth defects
                disparities among the major Hispanic subgroups, non-
                Hispanic whites, African Americans, Native Americans,
                and Asian Americans; and
                    ``(E) review and recommend policies and guidance
                related to birth defects research and prevention.
            ``(3) Composition.--The Committee shall be composed of 15
        members appointed by the Secretary, including--
                    ``(A) four health professionals, who are not
                employees of the United States, who have expertise in
                issues related to prevention of or care for children
                with birth defects;
                    ``(B) two representatives from health professional
                associations;
                    ``(C) four representatives from voluntary health
                agencies concerned with conditions leading to birth
                defects or childhood disability;
                    ``(D) five members of the general public, of whom
                at least three shall be parents of children with birth
                defects or persons having birth defects; and
                    ``(E) representatives of the Public Health Service
                agencies involved in birth defects research and
                prevention programs and representatives of other
                appropriate Federal agencies, including but not limited
                to the Department of Education and the Environmental
                Protection Agency, shall be appointed as ex officio,
                liaison members for purposes of informing the Committee
                regarding Federal agency policies and practices;
            ``(4) Structure.--
                    ``(A) Term of office.--Appointed members of the
                Committee shall be appointed for a term of office of 3
                years, except that of the members first appointed, 5
                shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, 5 shall be
                appointed for a term of 2 years, and 5 shall be
                appointed for a term of 3 years, as determined by the
                Secretary.
                    ``(B) Meetings.--The Committee shall meet not less
                than three times per year and at the call of the chair.
                    ``(C) Compensation.--Members of the Committee who
                are employees of the Federal Government shall serve
                without compensation. Members of the Committee who are
                not employees of the Federal Government shall be
                compensated at a rate not to exceed the daily
                equivalent of the rate in effect for grade GS-18.
    ``(f) Report.--The Secretary shall prepare and submit to the
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate a biennial
report regarding the incidence of birth defects, the contribution of
birth defects to infant mortality, the outcome of implementation of
prevention strategies, and identified needs for research and policy
development to include information regarding the various racial and
ethnic groups, including Hispanic, non-Hispanic whites, African
Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) For the purpose of carrying out subsections (a), (b),
        and (c), there are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000
        for fiscal year 1994, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and
        such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996
        and 1997.
            ``(2) For the purpose of carrying out subsection (d), there
        are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for fiscal year
        1994, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and such sums as may be
        necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997.
            ``(3) For the purpose of carrying out subsections (e) and
        (f), there are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for
        each of the fiscal years 1994 through 1997.''.

Summary: Birth Defects Prevention Act of 1993 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to establish birth defects prevention and research programs. Authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), to provide for collection, analysis, and reporting of birth defects statistics from birth certificates, infant death certificates, hospital records, or other sources and to collect and disaggregate such statistics by gender and racial and ethnic group. Directs the Secretary to establish at least five regional birth defects monitoring and research programs to collect and analyze information on the number, incidence, correlation, and causes of birth defects. Authorizes the Secretary, acting through the Director of CDC, to award grants or enter into cooperative agreements with specified entities to serve as Centers of Excellence for Birth Defects Prevention Research. Requires one of the Centers to focus on birth defects among ethnic minorities. Requires the CDC to establish a clearinghouse for the collection and storage of data generated from birth defects monitoring programs developed under this Act. Directs the Secretary, acting through the Director of the CDC, to provide for the evaluation, and implementation of prevention strategies designed to reduce the incidence and effects of birth defects. Directs the Secretary to establish an Advisory Committee for Birth Defects Prevention. Requires the Secretary to report biennially to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources regarding birth defects. Authorizes appropriations.

Birth Defects Prevention Act of 1993


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Millennium Challenge Compact
Improvement Act (MCIA)''.

SEC. 2. MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE COMPACT.

    (a) Duration of Compacts.--Section 609 of the Millennium Challenge
Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7708) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (j); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (i) the following new
        subsection:
    ``(j) Duration of Compact.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (2),
        the duration of a Compact shall not exceed 5 years.
            ``(2) Exception.--The duration of a Compact (including a
        regional Compact) may exceed 5 years if the Board--
                    ``(A) determines that the Compact includes a
                project that cannot be completed in 5 years or less;
                and
                    ``(B) approves a duration for the Compact of not
                more than 10 years.
            ``(3) Advance notification.--Not later than 15 days before
        the Board approves a duration for a Compact that exceeds 5
        years pursuant to subparagraph (2), the Board, acting through
        the Chief Executive Officer, shall submit to the appropriate
        congressional committees an advance notification of such
        approval, including a detailed explanation for the
        determination and approval.''.
    (b) Concurrent and Subsequent Compacts.--Section 609 of such Act
(22 U.S.C. 7708) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (k); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (j) (as amended by
        subsection (a)) the following new subsection:
    ``(k) Concurrent and Subsequent Compacts.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the requirements of paragraph
        (2), and in accordance with the requirements of this title, an
        eligible country and the United States--
                    ``(A) may enter into and have in effect more than
                one Compact at any given time; and
                    ``(B) may enter into subsequent Compacts after the
                expiration of existing Compacts.
            ``(2) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Concurrent compacts.--An eligible country and
                the United States may enter into a concurrent Compact
                (including a regional Compact) only if the Board
                determines that the country is making considerable and
                demonstrable progress in implementing the terms of its
                existing Compact and supplementary agreements thereto.
                    ``(B) Subsequent compacts.--An eligible country and
                the United States may enter into a subsequent Compact
                only if the Board determines that the country has
                substantially met the objectives of prior Compacts
                between the country and the United States and
                supplementary agreements thereto, or the Board
                determines that the eligible country has demonstrated
                sufficient capacity to perform successfully on a
                subsequent Compact.''.
    (c) Applicability.--The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b)
apply with respect to Compacts entered into between the United States
and an eligible country under the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003
before, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (d) Conforming Amendment.--Section 613(b)(2)(A) of such Act (22
U.S.C. 7712(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``the'' before ``Compact''
and inserting ``any''.

SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF REGIONAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Assistance.--Section 605(a) of the Millennium Challenge Act of
2003 (22 U.S.C. 7704(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following
new sentence: ``The assistance contemplated by this subsection may be
provided through a Compact with a country individually and/or through a
Compact with two or more countries in the same geographic region
collectively.''.
    (b) Eligible Entities.--Section 605(c) of such Act (22 U.S.C.
7704(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) an entity, structure, or other arrangement
        established by two or more eligible countries in connection
        with a regional Compact.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Compact.--Section 609(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C.
        7708(a)) is amended by inserting after ``only if the country''
        the following: ``(or countries, in the case of a regional
        Compact)''.
            (2) Assistance for development of compact.--Section 609(g)
        of such Act (22 U.S.C. 7708(g)) is amended--
                    (A) by inserting after ``eligible country'' the
                following: ``(or countries, in the case of a regional
                compact)''; and
                    (B) by inserting at the end before the period the
                following: ``(or countries, as appropriate)''.
            (3) Suspension and termination of assistance.--Section 611
        of such Act (22 U.S.C. 7710) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as
                subsections (d) and (e), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subsection (b) the following
                new subsection:
    ``(c) Regional Compacts.--In the case of a regional compact, the
Chief Executive Officer may--
            ``(1) after consultation with the Board, suspend or
        terminate assistance in whole or in part to one or more
        countries, as appropriate, based on a determination consistent
        with subsection (a); and
            ``(2) reinstate assistance for a country or countries, as
        appropriate, based on a determination consistent with
        subsection (b).''.

Summary: Millennium Challenge Compact Improvement Act (MCIA) - Amends the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 to authorize under specified circumstances: (1) Millennium Challenge Compacts in excess of five years. And (2) concurrent Compacts. States that assistance may be provided through a Compact with a country individually andor through a Compact with two or more countries in the same geographic region collectively. Sets forth provisions regarding suspension or termination of regional Compacts.

To amend the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 to authorize regional and concurrent compacts under that Act, and for other purposes.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Freedom to Serve Without Fear Act of
2011''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) A central tenet of representative democracy is that
        citizens enjoy the right to peaceably assemble and petition
        their government for redress of grievances.
            (2) For this right to be exercised meaningfully, elected
        representatives must be able to make themselves accessible to
        their constituents.
            (3) Fear of gun violence at events where elected
        representatives are performing their official or
        representational duties has a chilling effect on our democracy
        in at least 2 ways:
                    (A) by discouraging citizens from engaging in the
                public and personal dialogue with their representatives
                that is the lifeblood of vibrant democratic politics;
                and
                    (B) by leading elected representatives to reduce
                the frequency and extent of personal contact with their
                constituents as a reasonable precaution against
                unreasonable threats to their personal safety.
            (4) During the summer of 2009, there were multiple cases of
        persons carrying firearms outside of venues at which the
        President of the United States was holding meetings and
        official events. In one instance, a man carried an AR-15
        automatic assault rifle and a sidearm. In another instance,
        occurring hours before a presidential town hall a week earlier,
        a man was arrested for breaching a security perimeter at the
        location of the event, and was found to be in possession of an
        unlicensed and loaded handgun.
            (5) In recent months, there has been a threefold increase
        in the number of reported threats against Members of the United
        States House of Representatives and Members of the United
        States Senate.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON KNOWINGLY POSSESSING A FIREARM NEAR A VENUE AT
              WHICH A MEMBER OF CONGRESS IS PERFORMING AN OFFICIAL AND
              REPRESENTATIONAL DUTY OR CAMPAIGNING FOR PUBLIC OFFICE.

    (a) Prohibition.--Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(aa)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall be unlawful
for any person, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, to
knowingly carry a firearm--
            ``(A) in, or within 250 feet of an entrance to or exit
        from, a building or structure where the person knows that a
        Member of Congress is--
                    ``(i) performing an official and representational
                duty of the Member;
                    ``(ii) engaging in campaign activity as a candidate
                for election for Federal office for purposes of the
                Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971; or
                    ``(iii) engaging in campaign activity as a
                candidate for election for State or local office, as
                determined pursuant to State law; or
            ``(B) at, or within 500 feet of, any other place where the
        person knows that a Member of Congress is performing such a
        duty or engaging in such a campaign activity,
if there is visible, at each place that is at the applicable distance
specified in this sentence from the building, structure, or other
place, a sign which clearly and conspicuously states that a Member of
Congress will be present at the building, structure, or other place,
and so states the time interval during which the Member of Congress is
scheduled to be so present.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the carrying of a firearm--
            ``(A) by a law enforcement officer (whether on- or off-
        duty) who is authorized to carry a firearm in the line of duty;
        or
            ``(B) pursuant to the express written permission of--
                    ``(i) any Member of Congress present at the
                location involved, which permission has been filed with
                the chief of police of the locality involved; or
                    ``(ii) the chief of police of the locality
                involved;
            ``(C) on real property owned or rented by the carrier of
        the firearm;
            ``(D) on the premises of a business in which the carrier of
        the firearm is employed and authorized by the employer to carry
        the firearm; or
            ``(E) which is in a locked container or otherwise not
        readily accessible for use.
    ``(3) If Federal investigative or prosecutive jurisdiction is
asserted for a violation of this subsection, such assertion shall
suspend the exercise of jurisdiction by a State or local authority,
under any applicable State or local law, until Federal action is
terminated.
    ``(4) Violations of this subsection shall be investigated by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation. Assistance may be requested from any
Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air
Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary
notwithstanding.''.
    (b) Penalties.--Section 924(a) of such title is amended by adding
at the end the following:
    ``(8) Whoever knowingly violates section 922(aa) shall be fined
under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.''.

SEC. 4. ENCOURAGING STATES TO ADOPT FIREARMS PROHIBITIONS SIMILAR TO
              FEDERAL LAW TO PROTECT STATE AND LOCAL ELECTED AND
              APPOINTED OFFICIALS.

    (a) In General.--For each fiscal year after the expiration of the
period specified in subsection (b)(1) in which a State receives funds
for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program under
subpart 1 of part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3750 et seq.), the State shall have in
effect throughout the State laws and policies that prohibit any person
to knowingly possess a firearm near a venue at which an elected or
appointed State or local official is performing an official and
representational duty or campaigning for public office if such
possession would constitute an offense under subsection (aa) of section
922 of title 18, United States Code, if such official were a Member of
Congress.
    (b) Compliance and Ineligibility.--
            (1) Compliance date.--Each State shall have not more than 1
        year from the date of enactment of this Act to comply with
        subsection (a), except that--
                    (A) the Attorney General may grant an additional 1
                year to a State that is making good faith efforts to
                comply with such subsection; and
                    (B) the Attorney General shall waive the
                requirements of subsection (a) if compliance with such
                subsection by a State would be unconstitutional under
                the constitution of such State.
            (2) Ineligibility for funds.--For any fiscal year after the
        expiration of the period specified in paragraph (1), a State
        that fails to comply with subsection (a) shall not receive 10
        percent of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that
        fiscal year to the State for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice
        Assistance Grant Program under subpart 1 of part E of title I
        of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42
        U.S.C. 3750 et seq.).
    (c) Reallocation.--Amounts not allocated under such Edward Byrne
Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program to a State for failure to
fully comply with subsection (a) shall be reallocated under that
program to States that have not failed to comply with such subsection.

Summary: Freedom to Serve Without Fear Act of 2011 - Amends the federal criminal code to prohibit any person from knowingly carrying a firearm in, or within 250 feet of an entrance to or exit from, a building or structure, or at, or within 500 feet of, any other place, where a Member of Congress is performing an official and representational duty or engaging in campaign activity as a candidate for federal, state, or local office, if there are visible at such distances signs which clearly and conspicuously state that a Member will be present and the time the Member will be present. Specifies exceptions, including pursuant to the express written permission of the Member or the chief of police of the locality involved. Requires a 10 reduction in funds a state would receive for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program for a fiscal year if the state fails to have in effect by the specified compliance date laws and policies that similarly prohibit individuals from knowingly possessing firearms near a venue at which an elected or appointed state or local official is performing an official and representational duty or campaigning for public office.

To prohibit the knowing possession of a firearm near a venue at which a Member of Congress is performing an official and representational duty or campaigning for public office.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Tuberculosis Control
Act of 2002''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that:
            (1) Tuberculosis is a great health and economic burden to
        impoverished nations and a health and security threat to the
        United States and other industrialized countries.
            (2) Tuberculosis kills 2,000,000 people each year (a person
        every 15 seconds) and is second only to HIV/AIDS as the
        greatest infectious killer of adults worldwide.
            (3) Tuberculosis is today the leading killer of women of
        reproductive age and of people who are HIV-positive.
            (4) One-third of the world's population is currently
        infected with the tuberculosis bacterium, including 10,000,000
        through 15,000,000 persons in the United States, and someone in
        the world is newly infected with tuberculosis every second.
            (5) With 46 percent of tuberculosis cases in the United
        States in the year 2000 found in foreign-born persons, as
        compared to 24 percent in 1990, it is clear that the only way
        to control tuberculosis in the United States is to control it
        worldwide.
            (6) Left untreated, a person with active tuberculosis can
        infect an average of 10 through 15 people in one year.
            (7) Pakistan and Afghanistan are among the 22 countries
        identified by the World Health Organization as having the
        highest tuberculosis burden globally.
            (8) More than one-quarter of all adult deaths in Pakistan
        are due to tuberculosis, and Afghan refugees entering Pakistan
        have very high rates of tuberculosis, with refugee camps, in
        particular, being areas where tuberculosis runs rampant.
            (9) The tuberculosis and AIDS epidemics are inextricably
        linked. Tuberculosis is the first manifestation of AIDS in more
        than 50 percent of cases in developing countries and is
        responsible for 40 percent or more of deaths of people with
        AIDS worldwide.
            (10) An effective, low-cost cure exists for tuberculosis:
        Directly Observed Treatment Short-course or DOTS. Expansion of
        DOTS is an urgent global priority.
            (11) DOTS is one of the most cost-effective health
        interventions available today. A full course of DOTS drugs
        costs as little as US$10 in low-income countries.
            (12) Proper DOTS treatment is imperative to prevent the
        development of dangerous multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-
        TB) that arises through improper or incomplete tuberculosis
        treatment.
            (13) The Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and
        Malaria is an important new global partnership established to
        combat these 3 infectious diseases that together kill 6,000,000
        people a year. Expansion of effective tuberculosis treatment
        programs should constitute a major component of Global Fund
        investment.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) DOTS.--The term ``DOTS'' or ``Directly Observed
        Treatment Short-course'' means the World Health Organization-
        recommended strategy for treating standard tuberculosis.
            (2) Global alliance for tuberculosis drug development.--The
        term ``Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development''
        means the public-private partnership that brings together
        leaders in health, science, philanthropy, and private industry
        to devise new approaches to tuberculosis and to ensure that new
        medications are available and affordable in high tuberculosis
        burden countries and other affected countries.
            (3) Global plan to stop tuberculosis.--The term ``Global
        Plan to Stop Tuberculosis'' means the plan developed jointly by
        the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership Secretariat and Partners in
        Health that lays out what needs to be done to control and
        eliminate tuberculosis.
            (4) Global tuberculosis drug facility.--The term ``Global
        Tuberculosis Drug Facility (GDF)'' means the new initiative of
        the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership to increase access to high-
        quality tuberculosis drugs to facilitate DOTS expansion.
            (5) Stop tuberculosis partnership.--The term ``Stop
        Tuberculosis Partnership'' means the partnership of the World
        Health Organization, donors including the United States, high
        tuberculosis burden countries, multilateral agencies, and
        nongovernmental and technical agencies committed to short- and
        long-term measures required to control and eventually eliminate
        tuberculosis as a public health problem in the world.

 SEC. 4. ASSISTANCE FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION, TREATMENT, CONTROL,
              AND ELIMINATION.

    Section 104(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
2151b(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7)(A) Congress recognizes the growing international
        problem of tuberculosis and the impact its continued existence
        has on those countries that had previously largely controlled
        the disease. Congress further recognizes that the means exist
        to control and treat tuberculosis by implementing the Global
        Plan to Stop Tuberculosis and by adequately investing in newly
        created mechanisms, including the Global Tuberculosis Drug
        Facility, and that it is therefore a major objective of the
        foreign assistance program to control the disease. To this end,
        Congress expects the agency primarily responsible for
        administering this part--
                    ``(i) to coordinate with the World Health
                Organization, the Centers for Disease Control, the
                National Institutes of Health, and other organizations
                with respect to the development and implementation of a
                comprehensive tuberculosis control program; and
                    ``(ii) to set as a goal the detection of at least
                70 percent of the cases of infectious tuberculosis, and
                the cure of at least 85 percent of the cases detected,
                by December 31, 2005, in those countries classified by
                the World Health Organization as among the highest
                tuberculosis burden, and by December 31, 2010, in all
                countries in which the agency has established
                development programs.
            ``(B)(i) There is authorized to be appropriated
        $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2005 for
        carrying out this paragraph.
            ``(ii) Funds appropriated under this paragraph are
        authorized to remain available until expended.
            ``(C) In carrying out subparagraph (A), not less than 75
        percent of the amount authorized to be appropriated under
        subparagraph (B) shall be expended for antituberculosis drugs,
        supplies, patient services, and training in diagnosis and care,
        in order to increase directly observed treatment shortcourse
        (DOTS) coverage, including funding for the Global Tuberculosis
        Drug Facility.
            ``(D) In carrying out subparagraph (A), of the amount
        authorized to be appropriated under subparagraph (B)--
                    ``(i) not less than 10 percent shall be used for
                funding of the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility;
                    ``(ii) not less than 7.5 percent shall be used for
                funding of the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership; and
                    ``(iii) not less than 2.5 percent shall be used for
                funding of the Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug
                Development.
            ``(E) The President shall submit a report to Congress
        annually specifying the increases in the number of people
        treated and the increases in number of tuberculosis patients
        cured through each program, project, or activity receiving
        United States foreign assistance for tuberculosis control
        purposes.''.

Summary: International Tuberculosis Control Act of 2002 - Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to revise requirements for assistance for health programs in developing countries to declare that Congress recognizes that the means exist to control and treat the growing international problem of tuberculosis by implementing the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis and investing in new mechanisms like the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility. Makes it a major objective of the foreign assistance program to control the disease. Declares that Congress expects the agency primarily responsible for administering this Act to: (1) coordinate with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control, the National Institutes of Health, and other organizations with respect to the development and implementation of a comprehensive tuberculosis control program. And (2) set specified deadlines for the detection of at least 70 percent of the cases of infectious tuberculosis, and the cure of at least 85 percent of them. Earmarks specified amounts of funds for antituberculosis drugs, supplies, patient services, and training in diagnosis and care in order to increase directly observed treatment shortcourse (DOTS) coverage, including funding for the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility.

A bill to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to take steps to control the growing international problem of tuberculosis.