Kõige tavalisemad patogeenid on: - Gram-positiivsed mikroorganismid: pneumokokid (40 kuni 60%), stafülokokid (2 kuni 5%), streptokokid (2,5%); - Gramnegatiivsed mikroorganismid: Friedlender bacillus (3 kuni 8%), Hemophilus bacillus (7%), enterobakterid (6%), Proteus, Escherichia coli, Legionella jne (1,5 kuni 4,5%); - mükoplasma (6%); - viirusinfektsioonid (herpes, gripp ja parainfluensusviirused, adenoviirused jne); - seeninfektsioonid.
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