
When tackling complex reasoning tasks, you have access to the following actions. Use them as needed to progress through your thought process.

[ASSESS]

[ADVANCE]

[VERIFY]

[SIMPLIFY]

[SYNTHESIZE]

[PIVOT]

[OUTPUT]

You should strictly follow the format below:

[ACTION NAME]

# Your action step 1

# Your action step 2

# Your action step 3

...

Next action: [NEXT ACTION NAME]


system
<u>Round 1</u>**p1.** The temperature inside is  $28^o$  F. After the temperature is increased by  $5^o$  C, what will the new temperature in Fahrenheit be?**p2.** Find the least positive integer value of  $n$  such that  $\sqrt{2021+n}$  is a perfect square.**p3.** A heart consists of a square with two semicircles attached by their diameters as shown in the diagram. Given that one of the semicircles has a diameter of length  $10$ , then the area of the heart can be written as  $a +b\pi$  where  $a$  and  $b$  are positive integers. Find  $a +b$ .
![Image](https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/7/b/d277d9ebad76f288504f0d5273e19df568bc44.png)

<u>Round 2</u>**p4.** An  $L$ -shaped tromino is a group of  $3$  blocks (where blocks are squares) arranged in a  $L$  shape, as pictured below to the left. How many ways are there to fill a  $12$  by  $2$  rectangle of blocks (pictured below to the right) with  $L$ -shaped trominos if the trominos can be rotated or reflected?
![Image](https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/d/c/cf37cdf9703ae0cd31c38af23b6874fddb3c12.png)**p5.** How many permutations of the word  $PIKACHU$  are there such that no two vowels are next to each other?**p6.** Find the number of primes  $n$  such that there exists another prime  $p$  such that both  $n +p$  and  $n-p$  are also prime numbers.


<u>Round 3</u>**p7.** Maisy the Bear is at the origin of the Cartesian Plane. WhenMaisy is on the point  $(m,n)$  then it can jump to either  $(m,n +1)$  or  $(m+1,n)$ . Let  $L(x, y)$  be the number of jumps it takes forMaisy to reach point (x, y). The sum of  $L(x, y)$  over all lattice points  $(x, y)$  with both coordinates between  $0$  and  $2020$ , inclusive, is denoted as  $S$ . Find  $\frac{S}{2020}$  .**p8.** A circle with center  $O$  and radius  $2$  and a circle with center  $P$  and radius  $3$  are externally tangent at  $A$ . Points  $B$  and  $C$  are on the circle with center  $O$  such that  $\vartriangle ABC$  is equilateral. Segment  $AB$  extends past  $B$  to point  $D$  and  $AC$  extends past  $C$  to point  $E$  such that  $BD = CE = \sqrt3$ . The area of  $\vartriangle DEP$  can be written as  $\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$  where  $a$ ,  $b$ , and  $c$  are integers such that  $b$  is squarefree and  $gcd (a,c) = 1$ . Find  $a +b +c$ .**p9.** Find the number of trailing zeroes at the end of   $$ \prod^{2021}_{i=1}(2021+i -1) = (2021)(2022)...(4041). $$  <u>Round 4</u>**p10.** Let  $a, b$ , and  $c$  be side lengths of a rectangular prism with space diagonal  $10$ . Find the value of   $$ (a +b)^2 +(b +c)^2 +(c +a)^2 -(a +b +c)^2. $$  **p11.** In a regular heptagon  $ABCDEFG$ ,  $\ell$  is a line through  $E$  perpendicular to  $DE$ . There is a point  $P$  on  $\ell$  outside the heptagon such that  $PA = BC$ . Find the measure of  $\angle EPA$ .**p12.** Dunan is being " $SUS$ ". The word " $SUS$ " is a palindrome. Find the number of palindromes that can be written using some subset of the letters  $\{S, U, S, S, Y, B, A, K, A\}$ .


PS. You should use hide for answers. Rounds 5-8 have been posted [here ](https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3166494p28814284) and 9-12 [here](https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3166500p28814367). Collected [here](https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309).

Present the answer in LaTex format: \boxed{Your answer}
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