
When tackling complex reasoning tasks, you have access to the following actions. Use them as needed to progress through your thought process.

[ASSESS]

[ADVANCE]

[VERIFY]

[SIMPLIFY]

[SYNTHESIZE]

[PIVOT]

[OUTPUT]

You should strictly follow the format below:

[ACTION NAME]

# Your action step 1

# Your action step 2

# Your action step 3

...

Next action: [NEXT ACTION NAME]


system
**p1.** Find the smallest positive integer  $N$  such that  $2N -1$  and  $2N +1$  are both composite.**p2.** Compute the number of ordered pairs of integers  $(a, b)$  with  $1 \le a, b \le 5$  such that  $ab - a - b$  is prime.**p3.** Given a semicircle  $\Omega$  with diameter  $AB$ , point  $C$  is chosen on  $\Omega$  such that  $\angle CAB = 60^o$ . Point  $D$  lies on ray  $BA$  such that  $DC$  is tangent to  $\Omega$ . Find  $\left(\frac{BD}{BC} \right)^2$ .**p4.** Let the roots of  $x^2 + 7x + 11$  be  $r$  and  $s$ . If  $f(x)$  is the monic polynomial with roots  $rs + r + s$  and  $r^2 + s^2$ , what is  $f(3)$ ?**p5.** Regular hexagon  $ABCDEF$  has side length  $3$ . Circle  $\omega$  is drawn with  $AC$  as its diameter.  $BC$  is extended to intersect  $\omega$  at point  $G$ . If the area of triangle  $BEG$  can be expressed as  $\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$  for positive integers  $a, b, c$  with  $b$  squarefree and  $gcd(a, c) = 1$ , find  $a + b + c$ .**p6.** Suppose that  $x$  and  $y$  are positive real numbers such that  $\log_2 x = \log_x y = \log_y 256$ . Find  $xy$ .**p7.** Call a positive three digit integer  $\overline{ABC}$  fancy if  $\overline{ABC} = (\overline{AB})^2 - 11 \cdot \overline{C}$ . Find the sum of all fancy integers.**p8.** Let  $\vartriangle ABC$  be an equilateral triangle. Isosceles triangles  $\vartriangle DBC$ ,  $\vartriangle ECA$ , and  $\vartriangle FAB$ , not overlapping  $\vartriangle ABC$ , are constructed such that each has area seven times the area of  $\vartriangle ABC$ . Compute the ratio of the area of  $\vartriangle DEF$  to the area of  $\vartriangle ABC$ .**p9.** Consider the sequence of polynomials an(x) with  $a_0(x) = 0$ ,  $a_1(x) = 1$ , and  $a_n(x) = a_{n-1}(x) + xa_{n-2}(x)$  for all  $n \ge 2$ . Suppose that  $p_k = a_k(-1) \cdot a_k(1)$  for all nonnegative integers  $k$ . Find the number of positive integers  $k$  between  $10$  and  $50$ , inclusive, such that  $p_{k-2} + p_{k-1} = p_{k+1} - p_{k+2}$ .**p10.** In triangle  $ABC$ , point  $D$  and  $E$  are on line segments  $BC$  and  $AC$ , respectively, such that  $AD$  and  $BE$  intersect at  $H$ . Suppose that  $AC = 12$ ,  $BC = 30$ , and  $EC = 6$ . Triangle BEC has area 45 and triangle  $ADC$  has area  $72$ , and lines CH and AB meet at F. If  $BF^2$  can be expressed as  $\frac{a-b\sqrt{c}}{d}$  for positive integers  $a$ ,  $b$ ,  $c$ ,  $d$  with c squarefree and  $gcd(a, b, d) = 1$ , then find  $a + b + c + d$ .**p11.** Find the minimum possible integer  $y$  such that  $y > 100$  and there exists a positive integer x such that  $x^2 + 18x + y$  is a perfect fourth power.**p12.** Let  $ABCD$  be a quadrilateral such that  $AB = 2$ ,  $CD = 4$ ,  $BC = AD$ , and  $\angle ADC + \angle BCD = 120^o$ . If the sum of the maximum and minimum possible areas of quadrilateral  $ABCD$  can be expressed as  $a\sqrt{b}$  for positive integers  $a$ ,  $b$  with  $b$  squarefree, then find  $a + b$ .


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