
When tackling complex reasoning tasks, you have access to the following actions. Use them as needed to progress through your thought process.

[ASSESS]

[ADVANCE]

[VERIFY]

[SIMPLIFY]

[SYNTHESIZE]

[PIVOT]

[OUTPUT]

You should strictly follow the format below:

[ACTION NAME]

# Your action step 1

# Your action step 2

# Your action step 3

...

Next action: [NEXT ACTION NAME]


system
During the sports meet held by the school, 28 students from Class 1, Grade 1 participated in various competitions. There were 15 students who participated in swimming, 8 in track and field, and 14 in ball games. There were 3 students who participated in both swimming and track and field, and 3 who participated in both swimming and ball games, and no one participated in all three competitions. Calculate the number of students who participated in both track and field and ball games.

Present the answer in LaTex format: \boxed{Your answer}
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