
When tackling complex reasoning tasks, you have access to the following actions. Use them as needed to progress through your thought process.

[ASSESS]

[ADVANCE]

[VERIFY]

[SIMPLIFY]

[SYNTHESIZE]

[PIVOT]

[OUTPUT]

You should strictly follow the format below:

[ACTION NAME]

# Your action step 1

# Your action step 2

# Your action step 3

...

Next action: [NEXT ACTION NAME]


system
<details><summary>E stands for Euclid , L stands for Lobachevsky</summary>they had two problem sets under those two names</details> **E1.** How many positive divisors does  $72$  have?**E2 / L2.** Raymond wants to travel in a car with  $3$  other (distinguishable) people. The car has  $5$  seats: a driver’s seat, a passenger seat, and a row of  $3$  seats behind them. If Raymond’s cello must be in a seat next to him, and he can’t drive, but every other person can, how many ways can everyone sit in the car?**E3 / L3.** Peter wants to make fruit punch. He has orange juice ( $100\%$  orange juice), tropical mix ( $25\%$  orange juice,  $75\%$  pineapple juice), and cherry juice ( $100\%$  cherry juice). If he wants his final mix to have  $50\%$  orange juice,  $10\%$  cherry juice, and  $40\%$  pineapple juice, in what ratios should he mix the  $3$  juices? Please write your answer in the form (orange):(tropical):(cherry), where the three integers are relatively prime.**E4 / L4.** Points  $A, B, C$ , and  $D$  are chosen on a circle such that  $m \angle ACD = 85^o$ ,  $m\angle ADC = 40^o$ ,and  $m\angle BCD = 60^o$ . What is  $m\angle CBD$ ?**E5.**  $a, b$ , and  $c$  are positive real numbers. If  $abc = 6$  and  $a + b = 2$ , what is the minimum possible value of  $a + b + c$ ?**E6 / L5.** Circles  $A$  and  $B$  are drawn on a plane such that they intersect at two points. The centers of the two circles and the two intersection points lie on another circle, circle  $C$ . If the distance between the centers of circles  $A$  and  $B$  is  $20$  and the radius of circle  $A$  is  $16$ , what is the radius of circle  $B$ ?**E7.** Point  $P$  is inside rectangle  $ABCD$ . If  $AP = 5$ ,  $BP = 6$ , and  $CP = 7$ , what is the length of  $DP$ ?**E8 / L6.** For how many integers  $n$  is  $n^2 + 4$  divisible by  $n + 2$ ?**E9.** How many of the perfect squares between  $1$  and  $10000$ , inclusive, can be written as the sum of two triangular numbers? We define the  $n$ th triangular number to be  $1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n$ , where  $n$  is a positive integer.**E10 / L7.** A small sphere of radius  $1$  is sitting on the ground externally tangent to a larger sphere, also sitting on the ground. If the line connecting the spheres’ centers makes a  $60^o$  angle with the ground, what is the radius of the larger sphere?**E11 / L8.** A classroom has  $12$  chairs in a row and  $5$  distinguishable students. The teacher wants to position the students in the seats in such a way that there is at least one empty chair between any two students. In how many ways can the teacher do this?**E12 / L9.** Let there be real numbers  $a$  and  $b$  such that  $a/b^2 + b/a^2 = 72$  and  $ab = 3$ . Find the value of  $a^2 + b^2$ .**E13 / L10.** Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers  $(x, y)$  such that  $gcd \, (x, y)+lcm \, (x, y) =x + y + 8$ .**E14 / L11.** Evaluate  $\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{i}{4^i}=\frac{1}{4} +\frac{2}{16} +\frac{3}{64} +...$ **E15 / L12.** Xavier and Olivia are playing tic-tac-toe. Xavier goes first. How many ways can the game play out such that Olivia wins on her third move? The order of the moves matters.**L1.** What is the sum of the positive divisors of  $100$ ?**L13.** Let  $ABCD$  be a convex quadrilateral with  $AC = 20$ . Furthermore, let  $M, N, P$ , and  $Q$  be the midpoints of  $DA, AB, BC$ , and  $CD$ , respectively. Let  $X$  be the intersection of the diagonals of quadrilateral  $MNPQ$ . Given that  $NX = 12$  and  $XP = 10$ , compute the area of  $ABCD$ .**L14.** Evaluate  $(\sqrt3 + \sqrt5)^6$  to the nearest integer.**L15.** In Hatland, each citizen wears either a green hat or a blue hat. Furthermore, each citizen belongs to exactly one neighborhood. On average, a green-hatted citizen has  $65\%$  of his neighbors wearing green hats, and a blue-hatted citizen has  $80\%$  of his neighbors wearing blue hats. Each neighborhood has a different number of total citizens. What is the ratio of green-hatted to blue-hatted citizens in Hatland? (A citizen is his own neighbor.)


PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [here](https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309).

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