
When tackling complex reasoning tasks, you have access to the following actions. Use them as needed to progress through your thought process.

[ASSESS]

[ADVANCE]

[VERIFY]

[SIMPLIFY]

[SYNTHESIZE]

[PIVOT]

[OUTPUT]

You should strictly follow the format below:

[ACTION NAME]

# Your action step 1

# Your action step 2

# Your action step 3

...

Next action: [NEXT ACTION NAME]


system
In a class of 45 students enrolled in mathematics, history, and science, 11 students received an A in history, 16 received an A in mathematics, and 9 received an A in science. It is known that:
- 5 students received an A in both history and mathematics,
- 3 students received an A in both history and science,
- 4 students received an A in both mathematics and science,
- 2 students received an A in all three subjects.
How many students did not receive an A grade in any of these three courses?

Present the answer in LaTex format: \boxed{Your answer}
user