While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants . societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain . First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child. One of these premodern attachment discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal attachment was tightly wrapping infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers' and fathers' affection for their infants. A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century prefix = st1 /France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant-who, in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent Wet nurses were women who   _  .
babysat city infants fed babies of other families sent their babies to the country failed to look after their babies