Everybody hates it, but everybody does it . A recent report said that 40% of Americans hate tipping .  In America alone , tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry .Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service . Tips should not exist . So why do they ? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip . But according to new research from Cornell University , tips no longer serves any useful function . The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants . The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak . Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service . Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend . In America , the custom came into being a long time ago . It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants , failing to tip at least 15% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers . Hairdressers can expect to get 15%--20% , and the man who delivers your fast food $ 2. In Europe , tipping is less common . In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge . In many Asian countries , tipping has never really _ at all . Only a few have really taken to tipping. According to Michael Lynn , the Cornell papers' author , countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more . Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers . And , says , Mr . Lynn, "in America , where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others , tipping is about social approval . If you tip badly , people think less of you . "Tipping well is a chance to show off ." We can infer from this passage that    _  .
tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves tipping has something to do with people's character tipping in America can make service better now tipping is especially popular in New York