Intranasal immunization of a DNA vaccine with IL-12- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing plasmids in liposomes induces strong mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses against HIV-1 antigens.
Eiichi Okada, S. Sasaki, Norihisa Ishii, I. Aoki, T. Yasuda, Kusuya Nishioka, Jun Fukushima, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Britta Wahren, Kenji Okuda
Journal of Immunology