Question: who played marcia brady in the brady bunch tv show

Answer: Maureen Denise McCormick

This is a document about Maureen McCormick
 Maureen McCormick Maureen Denise McCormick (born August 5, 1956) is an American actress, singer and author. She portrayed Marcia Brady on the ABC television sitcom "The Brady Bunch", which ran from 1969 to 1974 and reprised the role in several of the numerous "Brady Bunch" spin-offs and films, including "The Brady Kids", "The Brady Bunch Hour", "The Brady Brides" and "A Very Brady Christmas" (1988). McCormick also appeared in "The Idolmaker" (1980) as well as a wide range of other supporting film roles. In the 1980s and 1990s, she ventured into stage acting, appearing in a variety of different roles

This is a document about Maureen McCormick
 as Prozac since the 1990s. McCormick also said that she was helped by her friendships with former "Brady Bunch" cast members. In April 2007, McCormick appeared on "Dr. Phil" to discuss a family dispute, accusing her brother of both elder abuse and alienating their father from his other children to gain control of his finances. Kaley Cuoco portrayed Maureen McCormick in "Growing Up Brady" (2000). McCormick's character Marcia Brady has been portrayed by Christine Taylor in "The Brady Bunch Movie" (1995) and its sequel "A Very Brady Sequel". Maureen McCormick Maureen Denise McCormick (born August 5, 1956) is an American

This is a document about Maureen McCormick
  Maureen Denise McCormick (born August 5, 1956) is an American actress, singer and author. She portrayed Marcia Brady on the ABC television sitcom The Brady Bunch, which ran from 1969 to 1974, and reprised the role in several of the numerous Brady Bunch spin-offs and films, including The Brady Kids, The Brady Bunch Hour, The Brady Brides and A Very Brady Christmas (1988). McCormick has appeared in The Amanda Show as Moody's mom in the Moody's Point segment. McCormick also appeared in The Idolmaker (1980) as well as a wide range of other supporting film roles. In the 1980s and 1990s, she

This is a document about Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 1991–92
 Appearances: The middle sister from The Brady Bunch, she was portrayed by Melanie Hutsell, who had first played the character in The Real Live Brady Bunch stage show. She would usually begin a commentary on a subject which devolved into a comparison to something that happened on one of the Brady Bunch episodes and her frustration with her siblings who get more attention. Her catchphrase was "Marcia, Marcia, MARCIA!", referring to her older sister in a direct quote from an episode of the popular TV series. Debuted January 11, 1992.

This is a document about Maureen McCormick
  Kaley Cuoco portrayed Maureen McCormick in Growing Up Brady (2000). McCormick's character Marcia Brady has been portrayed by Christine Taylor in The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) and its sequel A Very Brady Sequel and by Autumn Reeser in the made for TV sequel The Brady Bunch in the White House.

This is a document about List of The Brady Bunch characters
  Marcia Brady – née Marcia Martin, later Marcia Brady-Logan (top left), portrayed by Maureen McCormick in the original TV show, The Brady Girls Get Married, The Brady Brides and  A Very Brady Christmas, Leah Ayres in The Bradys, Christine Taylor in theatrical films and Autumn Reeser in the TV movie, is the eldest Brady daughter. Marcia is portrayed as a beautiful, mature, and popular girl at Westdale High School and acts as Greg's second-in-command for the other children. Her popularity is an ongoing source of contempt for her younger sister Jan. She is a great fan of TV-star idols Desi Arnaz Jr. and

This is a document about Maureen McCormick
  McCormick played the eldest daughter, Marcia, who had five siblings. She had a perky and popular personality in The Brady Bunch, an American television sitcom about a blended family that aired from late 1969 to early 1974 on ABC, on Friday nights. After its cancellation, the series was later rebroadcast in syndication for decades, as children's programming, gathering long-lasting, cross-generational popularity that led to spinoffs and movies. McCormick had a sporadic romance with her Brady Bunch co-star Barry Williams during the original series' run. McCormick recorded four albums with the Brady Bunch cast and toured with them as well. In 1972, she released her first solo single with the songs "Truckin' Back to You" and "Teeny Weeny Bit (Too Long)". The following year, McCormick recorded an album with her Brady Bunch co-star Christopher Knight, a

This is a document about Marcia Wallace
  Marcia Karen Wallace (November 1, 1942 – October 25, 2013) was an American actress and comedian, primarily known for her roles in television situation comedies. She is best known for her roles as receptionist Carol Kester on the 1970s sitcom The Bob Newhart Show, Mrs. Carruthers on Full House, and as the voice of elementary school teacher Edna Krabappel on the animated series The Simpsons, for which she won an Emmy in 1992. The character was retired after her death but sporadically appears through archive recording. Wallace was known for her tall frame, red hair, and distinctive laugh. She had a career spanning five decades on TV, film, and stage. She was a frequent guest on The Merv Griffin Show, which led to her receiving a personal request to appear on The Bob Newhart Show in a role created especially for her. Diagnosed with breast cancer in 1985, she became a cancer activist, and remained so throughout her life.

This is a document about Marcia Mae Jones
  Marcia Mae Jones (August 1, 1924 – September 2, 2007) was an American film and television actress whose prolific career spanned 47 years.

This is a document about List of The Brady Bunch episodes
  The Brady Bunch is a sitcom created by Sherwood Schwartz. The show follows Mike Brady (Robert Reed), a widowed architect with sons Greg (Barry Williams), Peter (Christopher Knight) and Bobby (Mike Lookinland). Mike marries Carol Martin (Florence Henderson), whose daughters from her previous marriage are Marcia (Maureen McCormick), Jan (Eve Plumb) and Cindy (Susan Olsen). They all move into the house designed by Mike in Los Angeles' suburbs. Also living with them is the housekeeper, Alice (Ann B. Davis), and the dog, Tiger. Some episodes tended to center on the kids' misadventures that often led to Mike and Carol steering the kids in the right direction. The series premiered on ABC on September 26, 1969. The series ran for five seasons, with all 117 episodes originally airing

This is a document about Eve Plumb
  The Brady Girls Get Married (1981), which led to The Brady Brides, a short-lived sitcom in which she co-starred with Maureen McCormick, who played Marcia Brady. She also appeared in the CBS television movie A Very Brady Christmas (1988) and its 1990 spin-off dramedy series, The Bradys. To promote their latest incarnation, the cast appeared on an episode of Sally Jessy Raphael, which is remembered for having been shot outdoors in Florida during a rainstorm. In 1993, Plumb had a brief role as Mrs. Noah in the B-Movie mockumetary ...And God Spoke. Two years later she was interviewed as part of a 1995 retrospective special titled Brady Bunch Home Movies, produced by Susan Olsen, who played Cindy Brady.

This is a document about Ken Jones (news reporter)
 "The Brady Bunch" The Liberation of Marcia Brady - Newscaster (1971) ; "McMillan & Wife" - Newscaster 3 Episodes (1972–1974) ; "Police Woman" - Newscaster (1977) ; "The Young Runaways" - Mike Carruthers (1978) ; "Matt Houston" - reporter (1983)

This is a document about Eve Plumb
  centered on Jan's jealousy of older sister Marcia, resulting in the famous whiny-complaint catchphrase "Marcia, Marcia, Marcia!", that has arguably become the quintessential quote of the series. Plumb also supplied the voice of Jan in the ABC Saturday morning cartoon The Brady Kids from 1972 to 1973. After The Brady Bunch was canceled in 1974, it went on to even greater success in syndicated reruns. The sitcom has never left the television airwaves and eventually spawned numerous spin-offs, reunion specials, feature films, and parodies. Several episodes of the sitcom featured the Brady kids singing and as a result, Plumb and the rest of the younger cast recorded several albums. Plumb would also provide a monologue for the Pat Williams Orchestra's 1974 recording of "California Love Story". The single was co-produced by Plumb's recording executive father, Neely Plumb.

This is a document about Cold Turkey (1971 film)
  across the town square (the dog was actually attached to wires). ; Maureen McCormick, best known for her role as Marcia Brady on television's The Brady Bunch, provides the voice of a talking doll in the film, which says "I love you! – smoking gives you cancer!" ; The characters played by Bob and Ray are parodies of real-life news and broadcasting personalities: "Walter Chronic" (Walter Cronkite), "Hugh Upson" (Hugh Downs), "David Chetley" (Chet Huntley/David Brinkley), "Arthur Lordly" (Arthur Godfrey), "Paul Hardly" (Paul Harvey), and "Sandy Van Andy" (Sander Vanocur). ; The film's promotional trailer is hosted by newscasters "Hardly Reasonable" (Harry Reasoner) and "Mike Walrus"

This is a document about List of The Brady Bunch characters
  Jan Brady — née Jan Martin, later Jan Brady-Covington (center left) — was portrayed by Eve Plumb in the TV series as well as  The Brady Girls Get Married, The Brady Brides, A Very Brady Christmas and The Bradys. Plumb was unable to return for The Brady Bunch Hour variety show, so she was replaced with Geri Reischl. Jennifer Elise Cox portrayed the character in the two theatrical films, and Ashley Drane in the TV movie. Jan is the middle Brady daughter, and many of her storylines often involve Jan being jealous of her more popular older sister, Marcia, or

This is a document about When You Get a Little Lonely
   Maureen McCormick first rose to prominence while playing Marcia Brady in the sitcom The Brady Bunch. She entered the entertainment industry by performing jingles; at the age of 10, she sang for a Kellogg's advertisement. As a part of The Brady Bunch cast, she released four albums, the first of which she recorded at age 15. McCormick also released a duet album with her television co-star Christopher Knight in 1973. Victoria Miller, writing for the digital marketing platform AXS, considered her music with The Brady Bunch bubblegum pop; she cited the 1973 song "It's a Sunshine Day" as an example. McCormick, however, identified with country music, saying she listened to

This is a document about Beth Cahill
  She began her career doing improv comedy at the Annoyance Theater in Chicago and starred as Marcia Brady in their production of The Real Live Brady Bunch in 1990. Cahill along with castmate Melanie Hutsell (who played Jan Brady in the show) were both hired as cast members on Saturday Night Live (SNL) after producers were impressed by their performances in the Brady Bunch stage show. They both reprised their roles as Jan and Marcia Brady on SNL as well. During her time on the SNL, Cahill impersonated Pam Hurn and played recurring characters such as Denise Swerski, the daughter of Bob Swerski in the Bill Swerski's Superfans sketches and Pam, one of the "Delta Delta Delta" sorority girls, which Cahill performed alongside Melanie Hutsell and Siobhan Fallon. Cahill now splits her time between Los Angeles and Chicago where she is still active in improvisational comedy at ImprovOlympic and Second City. She is also a clothing designer and has designed her own brand of unique dresses for nearly 20 years. Fans of her dresses have included Ricki Lake and Amy Sedaris.

This is a document about The Brady Bunch
  Twenty years following the conclusion of the original series, a film adaptation, The Brady Bunch Movie, went into production and was released in 1995 from Paramount Pictures. The film is set in the present day (1990s) and the Bradys, still living their lives as if it were the 1970s, are unfamiliar with their surroundings. It stars Gary Cole and Shelley Long as Mike and Carol Brady, with Christopher Daniel Barnes (Greg), Christine Taylor (Marcia), Paul Sutera (Peter), Jennifer Elise Cox (Jan), Jesse Lee (Bobby), Olivia Hack (Cindy), Henriette Mantel (Alice), and cameo appearances from Ann B. Davis as a long-haul truck driver, Barry Williams as a record label executive, Christopher Knight as

This is a document about The Bradys
  In 1988, CBS commissioned a Brady Bunch reunion telefilm for its Christmas season programming. A Very Brady Christmas premiered on December 18, 1988 and drew a 25.1 rating and 39 share, very high ratings for a television film at the time. The success of the film convinced series creator Sherwood Schwartz that a new Brady family TV series could be a hit, and work began on the show in December 1989. CBS re-aired A Very Brady Christmas on December 22, 1989, using it as a promotional tool for the upcoming new show. Robert Reed, Florence Henderson, Ann B. Davis, Barry Williams, Christopher Knight, Eve Plumb, Mike Lookinland and Susan Olsen all returned in their original roles from The Brady Bunch. Jerry Houser and Ron Kuhlman, also, reprised their roles from The Brady Brides. While Maureen McCormick had appeared in A Very Brady Christmas, she declined to return for this series, and Leah Ayres assumed the role of Marcia.

Maureen McCormick played Marcia Brady in the original "The Brady Bunch" TV show.


Question: who sang backup vocals on you 're so vain

Answer: Mick Jagger

This is a document about You're So Vain
 Century, and in August 2014, the UK's Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s. The distinctive bass guitar intro is played by Klaus Voormann. The strings were arranged by Simon and orchestrated by Paul Buckmaster. Simon plays piano on the track. Before the song became a hit single in 1972, Simon told an interviewer that the song was about "men," not a specific "man". In 1983, she said it is not about Mick Jagger, who contributed uncredited backing vocals to the song. In a 1993 book, Angie Bowie claimed to be the "wife of a close

This is a document about Carly Simon
 of the top 100 songs from the chart's first 50 years, August 1958 through July 2008. On August 23, 2014, the U.K. Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s. The subject of the "You're So Vain" song itself became one of the biggest mysteries in popular music, with the famous lyric "You're so vain/I bet you think this song is about you." For more than 40 years, Simon has not publicly revealed the name of the subject. She hinted that it could be a composite of several people, with most press speculation considering Mick Jagger, who

This is a document about Born Villain
  It is primarily a heavy metal record, and, at the time of its release, contained some of the heaviest material the band had ever recorded. A cover version of Carly Simon's "You're So Vain" featuring Johnny Depp was included as a bonus track on all editions of the record. The album received mixed reviews from music critics, with several publications considering it to be a comeback for the band, while others were critical of its heaviness and violent lyrical content. It became the band's seventh top ten studio album on the Billboard 200, and also topped Billboards Independent Albums and Top

This is a document about Faster Pussycat
  Kiss and Mötley Crüe followed. In 1990, the band recorded a cover of Carly Simon's "You're So Vain" for a compilation called Rubáiyát: Elektra's 40th Anniversary and filmed a video. The song was later included on the 1992 Belted, Buckled And Booted EP. In 1992, the band released their third album, Whipped!, which peaked at number 90 on the chart. In 1993, Faster Pussycat parted ways with Stacy and hired Aaron Abellira to replace him. They embarked on a warmup tour, an American tour and then some shows in Japan. Most of the shows were sold out. They also played one last sold-out show in Hollywood at the Hollywood Palace.

This is a document about Born Villain
 Marilyn Manson – vocals, lyricist, composer, guitars, keyboards, production, art direction and design ; Twiggy Ramirez – composer, guitars, bass, keyboards ; Fred Sablan – composer, guitars, bass ; Chris Vrenna – composer, drums, programming, percussion, keyboards, synthesizers, production Johnny Depp – guitars, drums, production ("You're So Vain") ; Jason Sutter – drums ("You're So Vain") ; Bruce Witkin – guitars, bass, keyboards, recording, production ("You're So Vain") Agata Alexander – logo art ; Tom Baker – mastering ; Emma Banks – booking agent for Creative Artists Agency ; Sean Beavan – mixing ; Tony Ciulla – management ; Steve Cox – art direction and design ; Chris Dalston – booking agent for CAA ; Michelle Jubelirer – legal ; Mike Riley – engineer ; Rick Roskin – booking agent for CAA ; Lindsay Usich – photography ; Keenan Wyatt – recording ("You're So Vain") Credits adapted from the liner notes of Born Villain. Marilyn Manson Additional musicians Technical

This is a document about Margaret Urlich
  musicians from Australia and New Zealand. The album comprised cover versions of some of Urlich's favourite NZ songs that she grew up with. These included artists like Split Enz, Crowded House, Dave Dobbyn, Max Merritt, Shona Laing, Don McGlashan and Tim Finn. The album was released in New Zealand in 1999 and reached No. 11 on the charts, achieving platinum status. This is her last studio album to date. Ulrich made a special guest performance on series 1, episode 6 of The Micallef Program, performing a comical duet of the Carly Simon classic "You're So Vain" with Shaun Micallef.

This is a document about You're So Vain
  "You're So Vain" is a song written in 1971 by Carly Simon and released in November 1972. It is one of the songs with which Simon is most identified, and upon its release, reached No. 1 in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The song is ranked at No. 92 on Billboard s Greatest Songs of All Time. "You're So Vain" was voted No. 216 in RIAA's Songs of the Century, and in August 2014, the UK's Official Charts Company crowned it the ultimate song of the 1970s. In 2021, the song was ranked 495th on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song is a critical profile of a self-absorbed lover about whom Simon asserts "You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you." The title subject's identity has long been a matter of speculation, with Simon stating that the song refers to three men, only one of whom she has named publicly: actor Warren Beatty. The distinctive bass guitar intro is played by Klaus Voormann. The strings were arranged by Simon and orchestrated by Paul Buckmaster, and Simon plays piano on the track.

This is a document about Klaus Voormann
  Klaus Voormann (born 29 April 1938) is a German artist, musician, and record producer. Voormann was the bassist for Manfred Mann from 1966 to 1969, and performed as a session musician on a host of recordings, including "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon, Lou Reed's Transformer album, and on many recordings of the former members of the Beatles. As a producer, Voormann worked with the band Trio on their worldwide hit "Da Da Da". Voormann's association with The Beatles dates back to their time in Hamburg in the early 1960s. He lived in the band's London flat with George Harrison and Ringo Starr after John Lennon and Paul McCartney moved out to live with their respective partners. He designed the cover of their album Revolver, for which

This is a document about Heather Rankin (singer)
  John Allan Cameron, Ashley MacIsaac, Natalie Mcmaster and Loreena McKennitt, among others. In 2000 Carly Simon asked Heather, Raylene and Cookie to record background vocals for her album The Bedroom Tapes at her Martha's Vineyard Studio Space. Heather sang with Simon on The View, Good Morning, America and The Rosie O'Donnell Show, and in a free concert in Bryant Park. At this concert Heather sang backup on Simon's hit song "You’re So Vain." In 2005 Heather, Raylene and Cookie, with their sister Genevieve, purchased the Red Shoe Pub in Mabou. The pub was originally a century-old general store and a place where the Rankins’ great grandmother, Sadie Wright, and her daughter, Margaret, once sold butter, eggs and vegetables

This is a document about Mick Jagger
  that same year.  In 1967, Cecil Beaton photographed Jagger's naked buttocks, a photo that sold at Sotheby's auction house in 1986 for $4,000. Jagger was reported to be a contender for the anonymous subject of Carly Simon's 1973 hit song "You're So Vain", on which he sings backing vocals.Pop artist Andy Warhol painted a series of silkscreen portraits of Jagger in 1975, one of which was owned by Farah Diba, wife of the Shah of Iran. It hung on a wall inside the royal palace in Tehran. In 2010, a retrospective exhibition of portraits of Jagger was presented at the festival Rencontres d'Arles, in France. The catalogue of the exhibition is the first photo

This is a document about Skin on Skin (album)
 Vanity – lead vocals ; Mark Holding – composer (tracks: 2, 5, 7) ; Tommy Faragher – composer (tracks: 1, 4, 7, 8) ; Robbie Nevil – guitar (tracks: 1, 4) ; Gardner Cole – synthesizer (tracks: 3) ; Paulinho Da Costa – percussion (tracks: 1, 3, 4, 5) ; Alfie Silas – backing vocals (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 8, 9) ; Dee Dee Bellson – backing vocals (tracks: 2, 3, 5) ; Donna DeLory – backing vocals (tracks: 2, 5, 6) ; Jean Johnson – backing vocals (tracks: 2, 4, 8) ; Von Faggett – backing vocals (tracks: 2, 4, 6, 7) Carl Anderson, Joe Pizzulo, Phyllis St. James – backing vocals (tracks: 9) ;

This is a document about Doris Troy
  What You Want", Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, and Carly Simon's "You're So Vain". In addition, she also sang for Humble Pie, Kevin Ayers, Edgar Broughton, George Harrison, Johnny Hallyday, Vivian Stanshall, Dusty Springfield, Nick Drake, and Junior Campbell. After moving to London in 1969, she was signed by The Beatles to their Apple Records label, and released the Doris Troy album the following year, co-produced by Troy and George Harrison. Troy worked in the UK throughout the 1970s, appearing at Ronnie Scott's Club and recording a live album, The Rainbow Testament. Neither The Rainbow Testament nor her People Records album, Stretching Out, sold well. Troy moved from

This is a document about All for You (Janet Jackson album)
  interlude "Lame," unable to climax. The "avant-garde" aura of "Trust a Try" fuses elements of mock-operetta and hard rock with classical music, dance, and hip hop. In the song, Jackson delivers an "angry aria" of betrayal. Its "rock 'n' roll sass" is laced with theatrical vocal arrangements, electric guitars, violins and cinematic strings. The following track, "Son of a Gun (I Betcha Think This Song Is About You)" features spoken vocals from folk singer Carly Simon and interpolates Simon's hit "You're So Vain." Its composition excoriates an unfaithful lover for attempting to extort money, described as a "mean-spirited duet that rails against

This is a document about Born Villain (film)
  unrelated to Un Chien Andalou, a film which he considered far superior to Born Villain. Rosenberg further asserted that Manson did not understand the "Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" soliloquy. Max Feldman of PopMatters wrote that by collaborating with LaBeouf for the short and Johnny Depp for his band's cover of Carly Simon's "You're So Vain" (1972), Manson is feeding the consumerism and celebrity culture he used to criticize. IndieWire's Kevin Jagernauth and Metal Injections Robert Pasbani dismissed the video as boring, with the former criticizing its music and the latter jokingly telling LaBeouf and Manson to commit suicide due to the short's poor quality.

This is a document about Street-Legal (album)
 Bob Dylan – vocals, rhythm guitar ; Steve Douglas – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone ; David Mansfield – violin, mandolin ; Alan Pasqua – keyboards ; Billy Cross – electric guitar ; Steven Soles – rhythm guitar, background vocals ; Jerry Scheff – bass guitar ; Ian Wallace – drums ; Bobbye Hall – percussion ; Carolyn Dennis, JoAnn Harris, Helena Springs – backing vocals ; Steve Madaio – trumpet on "Is Your Love in Vain?"

This is a document about My Favorite Mistake
  around me." Crow compared "My Favorite Mistake" to "You're So Vain" by Carly Simon. However, she later claimed that she does not look at her relationship with Clapton as a mistake and verified that the song was not about him. As further corroboration, Crow introduces Clapton as "a really good friend of mine" in her 1999 performance in Central Park, later to be released as an album. The songs on The Globe Sessions including "My Favorite Mistake" were written in the first person as opposed the narrative songs featured on her first two albums. Crow was having so much difficulty with the honesty of the lyrics on the album that

This is a document about Backing vocalist
 John Lennon and Paul McCartney on the Rolling Stones' "We Love You". ; Patti Labelle on Kanye West's "Roses" from the album Late Registration. She said the liner notes were already printed when she lent her vocals to the track. ; Ronnie Spector on Eddie Money's "Take Me Home Tonight", from the Ronettes' 1963 hit "Be My Baby". ; "Roll with Me, Henry" by Etta James, which includes Richard Berry, author of "Louie Louie",  performing the role of Henry. ; Sam Cooke's "Bring It On Home to Me", with vocal "echo" responses by Lou Rawls. ; Mick Jagger doing background vocals on Carly Simon's recording of "You're So Vain", which led to the erroneous theory that the song was about Jagger. (It was about actor Warren Beatty.)

This is a document about Mark S. Berry
  In his school years he started making recordings for basement bands in Manhattan. In 1970, he entered the Institute of Audio Research (IAR) in Manhattan, NYC, graduating in 1972. After graduating from high school in June 1972, he moved to London, UK. He started to work as an assistant engineer at AIR Studios under the tutelage of Sir Geoge Martin and Paul McCartney. His first major engineering assignment was Carly Simon's "No Secrets" album. The song  "You're So Vain" from this album was Grammy nominated in 1973 for Song of The Year, Record of The Year & Best Vocal Performance. In 2021 "You're So

This is a document about Chocolate Starfish
  their debut extended play, Seafood. By that time ex-Roxus members John "Stone" Nixon and Darren Danielson replaced Harnath on bass guitar and Pawsey on drums, respectively. In August they released their debut single—a cover version of Carly Simon's "You're So Vain"—which reached No. 11 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Their second single, "All Over Me" (October), reached the Top 40; while their third single, "Mountain", peaked at No. 12 in March 1994. Their debut album, Chocolate Starfish, was released in April 1994, and reached No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart. The album was certified platinum. It was produced by Pseudo Echo front man, Brian Canham, for EMI Music Australia. The album appeared

This is a document about Me and Mrs. Jones
  was replaced by Carly Simon's "You're So Vain". It also hit #10 on the Adult Contemporary chart. For two weeks - 3–10 February 1973 - it peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. The radio edit versions were shorter, omitting the second verse, as well as shortening the coda. The video for this song features Paul playing piano in a recording session, with an unlit green cigar, accompanied by dancers. The saxophone quotes the first seven notes of the Doris Day song "Secret Love", heard in the intro and outro of the song. Both Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Webster sued Cary Gilbert plus

Mick Jagger sang backup vocals on "You're So Vain."


Question: how many battlefield games are there for xbox one

Answer: 11

This is a document about Battlefield (video game series)
 Battlefield (video game series) Battlefield is a series of first-person shooter video games that started out on Microsoft Windows and OS X with "Battlefield 1942", which was released in 2002. The series is developed by Swedish company EA DICE and is published by American company Electronic Arts. The series features a particular focus on large maps, teamwork and vehicle warfare. The PC games in the series are mainly focused on online multiplayer. The "Battlefield" series has been played by more than 50 million players worldwide as of 2012, across 11 games and 12 expansion packs released since its inception in

This is a document about Avatar (Xbox)
 signed into Xbox Live to receive the game update for those games. There are currently no Xbox One games that support Avatars, although some Xbox 360 games that did support them were made backwards compatible for the Xbox One. The Avatar Store was launched as "Avatar Marketplace" on August 11, 2009, allowing users to buy clothes and props using their Xbox Live account. Users are able to buy branded clothing, such as Adidas, for their Avatar, as well as game-related clothing, such as costumes from "Monkey Island", "BioShock 2", "Fable 2", "Gears of War 2", "Halo", "Splinter Cell Conviction" and

This is a document about Battlefield 3
 available for non-premium PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 users on 25 September 2012. Armored Kill included new vehicles, specifically tanks, ATVs, and mobile artillery, as well as new vehicle-oriented maps and what is called "the biggest map in Battlefield history". A DLC titled "Aftermath" was revealed in a trailer for "Battlefield 3" Premium. It was released to PlayStation 3 Premium subscribers on 27 November 2012 and to PC and Xbox 360 Premium subscribers on 4 December 2012. "Aftermath" was released to non-Premium subscribers on PlayStation 3 on 11 December 2012, and on PC and Xbox 360 on 18 December 2012.

This is a document about Xbox One system software
 Spencer has stated that the idea of possibly adding support for games from the original Xbox was not "silly", but that the Xbox division is focusing on Xbox 360 compatibility first. On June 11, 2017, Microsoft announced that there will be backwards compatibility for the original Xbox. At the 2016 Build conference, it was announced that all Xbox One consoles could be updated to include a development kit for universal Windows applications on Xbox One, with official support for the platform and Cortana coming in summer 2016. Along with introducing improvements and fixes for native console apps and software, the

This is a document about Machinima, Inc
 It stopped uploading content again on November 11, 2016. Battlefield Friends Arby 'n' the Chief Sanity Not Included Sonic For Hire Two Best Friends Funtime Adventures Machinima, Inc. has expanded on to many websites and platforms to distribute its content currently maintaining the main website, eleven YouTube channels, an iPhone/iPad application, an Android application, Facebook applications, Facebook/Twitter/Google+ feeds, and a newsletter that distributes news content. Previously, Machinima had an application on both the Xbox One and Xbox 360. Both consoles have since removed the Machinima app from their App Store. Machinima uses a variety of social networking services including Facebook

This is a document about Video game console emulator
 many titles are still unavailable. The Nintendo Switch had a built in NES emulator entitled Flog, which held a fully playable port of Golf available to play on July 11, the day of Satoru Iwata's death. It was later removed late 2017. Due to differences in hardware, the Xbox 360 is not natively backwards compatible with original Xbox games. However, Microsoft achieved backwards compatibility with popular titles through an emulator. On June 15, 2015, Microsoft announced the Xbox One would be backwards compatible with Xbox 360 through Emulation. In June 2017, they announced Xbox original titles would also be available

This is a document about Battlefield 4
  Battlefield 4s multiplayer contains three playable factions—the United States, China, and Russia—fighting against each other, in up to 64-player matches on PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One (24-Player on Xbox 360 and PS3). A newly reintroduced "Commander Mode", last seen in Battlefield 2142, gives one player on each team a real-time strategy-like view of the entire map and the ability to give orders to teammates. Also, the Commander can observe the battle through the eyes of the players on the battlefield, deploying vehicle and weapon drops to "keep the war machinery going", and order in missile strikes on hostile targets. A

This is a document about Battlefield (video game series)
  Battlefield is a series of first-person shooter video games developed by Swedish company EA DICE and is published by American company Electronic Arts. It started out on Microsoft Windows and OS X with Battlefield 1942, which was released in 2002. The Battlefield series has been played by more than 50 million players worldwide as of 2012, across 11 games and 12 expansion packs released since its inception in 2002. The series features a particular focus on large maps, teamwork and vehicle warfare. The PC games in the series are mainly focused on online multiplayer.

This is a document about Battlefield 1
  wide variety of planes - and a zeppelin - are at each team's disposal. ; Shock Operations: A new mode added in the 2018 June Patch. Shock Operations are like Operations but instead there are shorter, faster with 40 players per server unlike normal 64 players per server and only play on one map. There are only five available maps in this game mode. These maps are called Giant's Shadow, Prise de Tahure, Lupkow Pass, Zeebrugge and River Somme. Battlefield 1s multiplayer mode features numerous game types seen in previous entries in the franchise, as well as new modes;

This is a document about List of backward-compatible games for Xbox One and Series X/S
  HDR. In September 2021, seven original Xbox titles, including Dead or Alive 3 and Dead or Alive Ultimate, were briefly added to the Microsoft Store before being delisted, implying the return of the program. In October, two Xbox 360 titles were added. Then, in November, 11 original Xbox titles were added to the Xbox 360 Marketplace. On November 15, 2021, Microsoft released a "latest and final addition" of 76 titles to the list of backwards compatible games, stating they "have reached the limit of our ability to bring new games to the catalog from the past due to licensing, legal and technical constraints".

This is a document about Battlefield 2042
  control points, while another team must defend them. Both modes can be played with and against artificial intelligence. The PC, PS5, and Xbox Series X and Series S versions support matches with up to 128 players, whereas the PS4 and Xbox One versions support up to 64 players. For the first time in the series, Battlefield 2042 features support for cross-platform play with the PC, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S versions. While the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions also support the feature, it is restricted to only players on the two aforementioned platforms. The second main mode included in the game is a community-driven platform called Battlefield Portal.

This is a document about Steven Hall (author)
 Crysis 3 (2013) ; Ryse: Son of Rome (2013) ; Battlefield 1 (2016) ; Battlefield V (2018)

This is a document about Battlefield 1
  Battlefield 1 is a first-person shooter video game developed by DICE and published by Electronic Arts. Battlefield 1 is the fifteenth installment in the Battlefield series, and the first main entry in the series since Battlefield 4. It was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 21, 2016. Battlefield 1 received positive reviews by critics and was seen as an improvement over the series' previous installments, Battlefield 4 and Battlefield Hardline. Most of the praise was directed towards its World War I setting, single-player campaigns, multiplayer modes, visuals, and sound design. It was a commercial success, selling over 15 million copies. The next game in the franchise, Battlefield V, was announced on May 23, 2018 and was released on November 20, 2018.

This is a document about Battlefield 2142
  Battlefield  includes two gameplay modes, Conquest and Titan, the latter of which can only be played online in multiplayer maps (without using modifications ("mods")). Both modes support varying numbers of players, up to 64, depending upon the server a player chooses to join online. The single player mode consists of a maximum of 16 players, which includes 15 AI bots. Commander Mode from Battlefield 2 returns, as one player from each team can apply and either accept or turn down the role of becoming commander. The player in the commander position has vital roles in the game, such as deploying UAV's, artillery strikes, airdropping supplies or vehicles for their team.

This is a document about Battlefield 1
  Pack. The Heroes Bundle includes the pre-order bonuses, as well as three days early access to the game, the Red Baron Pack, the Lawrence of Arabia Pack, and five Battlepacks. Battlefield 1 was released worldwide on October 21, 2016 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Battlefield 1s open beta became available on August 31, 2016, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. It ended on September 8, 2016. The open beta allowed the team to ensure that major technical bugs, glitches, and crashes can be patched prior to the game's official launch. 13.2 million players participated in the beta.

This is a document about SNK 40th Anniversary Collection
  The collection includes 24 games (25 on Xbox One). Original arcade versions are included for every game except for Baseball Stars and Crystalis (never released in arcades), which run on home console versions. Console ports of some other games are included. Only available in the Xbox One version (Content exclusive).

This is a document about Battlefield 1942
  In March 2004, Battlefield Vietnam was released. In 2005, a sequel set in the modern era, Battlefield 2 was released. In 2006, a sequel set in the future era, Battlefield 2142 was released. On 8 July 2009, Battlefield 1943 was released for Xbox Live Arcade and on PlayStation Network one day later. The Battlefield: Bad Company series was launched in 2008, followed by Battlefield 3, in October 2011 on EA Games' Origin network. Battlefield 4 was released in October 2013. Battlefield Hardline, a cops and robbers style battlefield, launched on 17 March 2015. Battlefield 1, a World War I based title, was released on 21 October 2016. Battlefield V was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on 20 November 2018. This was the first time since Battlefield 1943 that the series saw a return to a World War II theater of operations, and the first since Battlefield 1942 set outside the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II.

This is a document about The Great War (YouTube channel)
  EA DICE and published by Electronic Arts was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 21, 2016. Neidell, with research assistant Markus Linke, also contributed research and wrote in-game codex entries for Battlefield 1 and named the "medals" that serve as the game's achievement trophies. The channel has been in operation since May 2014. It continued to produce its regular content, involving the war's centennial, until December 2018. In early 2019, the channel started to produce longer in-depth episodes under a new host, Jesse Alexander, who replaced Neidell as he moved on to other projects such as World War Two. As of March 2019, the channel has posted more than 650 videos.

This is a document about Platinum Hits
 Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation ; Ace Combat: Assault Horizon ; Alan Wake ; Armored Core 4 ; Armored Core: For Answer ; Assassin's Creed ; Assassin's Creed II: Special Edition ; Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood Special Edition ; Assassin's Creed: Revelations Special Edition ; Assassin's Creed I + II Welcome Pack ; Atsumare! Pinata ; Atsumare! Viva Pinata 2: Garden wa Dai-Punch ; Banjo to Kazooie no Daibouken: Garage Daisakusen ; Battlefield 2: Modern Combat ; Battlefield 3 ; Battlefield: Bad Company ; Battlefield: Bad Company 2 Ultimate Edition ; Bayonetta ; Beautiful Katamari Damacy ; BioHazard 5 ; BioHazard 6 ; BioShock ; BlazBlue: Calamity Trigger

This is a document about F.E.A.R. (video game)
  November 15, 2021, Microsoft announced that in celebration of 20 years of Xbox, they would be adding over 70 more games to their backwards compatibility program. Included in these games was the entirety of the F.E.A.R. franchise, which are now available to be purchased and played on Microsoft's Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S Consoles. The game's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon, which F.E.A.R.—a fictional special forces team—is called to contain. The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R.'s Point Man, who possesses superhuman reflexes, and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of Alma, a

As of now, there are several Battlefield games available on Xbox One. These include "Battlefield 1," "Battlefield 4," and "Battlefield 1942" (as part of the "Battlefield 1 Revolution" bundle). Additionally, "Battlefield V" was released on November 20, 2018.


Question: are jaffa cakes a biscuit or a cake

Answer: biscuit - sized cakes

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
 are charged the reduced rate of VAT (13.5% ). Jaffa Cakes Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36. Because McVitie's did not trademark the name "Jaffa Cakes", other

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
 Jaffa Cakes Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36. Because McVitie's did not trademark the name "Jaffa Cakes", other biscuit manufacturers and supermarkets have made similar products under

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2+1/8 in in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Each cake is 46 calories. Jaffa Cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes now come in packs of 10, 20, 30, or 40, having been downsized in 2017 from 12 or 24 per pack. Because McVitie's did not register the name "Jaffa Cakes" as a trademark, other biscuit manufacturers and supermarkets have made similar products under the same name. The product's classification as a cake or biscuit was part of a VAT tribunal in 1991, with the court finding in McVitie's favour that Jaffa Cakes should be considered cakes and not biscuits for tax purposes. In 2012 they were ranked the best selling cake or biscuit in the United Kingdom.

This is a document about Snack cake
  Jaffa cakes are a popular type of biscuit-like snack cake in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  During an advert first shown on TV on 26 February 2021, McVities reignited the debate of whether Jaffa Cakes were cakes or biscuits. The advert shows a man debating whether it is a cake or a biscuit and then coming to the conclusion that he can be anything he wants to be. The advert is part of a wider £4.7 million investment in Jaffa Cakes including social media partnerships, AR digital experiences and PR and influencer work. This is the first standalone Jaffa Cakes advert since 2006.

This is a document about Icebox cake
  A biscuit cake is an icebox cake commonly served as a tea cake in the United Kingdom. At the request of Prince William a chocolate biscuit cake was served as a groom's cake at his wedding. It is made by heating butter and chocolate and whisking in eggs or condensed milk. Some versions also include golden syrup. After the mixture is cooled crumbled digestive biscuits are incorporated into the batter. Optionally other dry ingredients may be mixed in as well such as assorted dried fruits, nuts and candies.

This is a document about Biscuit cake
  Biscuit cake is a type of no bake tea cake, similar to American icebox cake, found in Irish, English, Danish, Arabic, Bulgarian and Jewish cuisine. It is made with digestive biscuits and is optionally prepared with a chocolate glaze.

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  McVitie's entire line of Jaffa Cakes are produced in the United Kingdom at the McVitie's factory in Stockport. The Jaffa cake production area covers an acre (1 acre) and includes a production line over a mile (1 mile) long which sits on the Stockport side of the site's boundary with Manchester. Because of the nature of the product – having multiple components of cake, chocolate covering and jam – special hardware accelerators were devised to allow rapid computer inspection of 20 products per second, taking place under four symmetrically placed lights.

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  with the fingers, like a biscuit, rather than with a fork as a cake might be. The tribunal also considered that children would eat them in "a few mouthfuls", in the manner of a sweet. In the United Kingdom, value added tax is payable on chocolate-covered biscuits, but not on chocolate-covered cakes. McVities defended its classification of Jaffa Cakes as cakes at a VAT tribunal in 1991, against the ruling that Jaffa cakes were biscuits due to their size and shape, and the fact that they were often eaten in place of biscuits. McVities insisted that the product was a cake, and produced a giant Jaffa Cake in court to illustrate its point.

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  Although Jaffa Cakes are usually orange flavour, limited edition flavours have been available, such as lemon-and-lime, strawberry and blackcurrant. McVities launched limited-edition pineapple flavour Jaffa Cakes in early 2020. In early 2021 McVitie's unveiled the new flavours cherry and passionfruit.

This is a document about Jaffa Cakes
  court discounted the expert evidence, as it went beyond the capacity of an ordinary purchaser. The product was assessed on the following criteria:  The court was adjudicated by Mr Donald Potter QC, who found in favour of McVitie's and ruled that whilst Jaffa Cakes had characteristics of both cakes and biscuits, the product should be considered a cake, meaning that VAT is not paid on Jaffa Cakes in the United Kingdom. Mr Potter QC also expressed that Jaffa Cakes were not biscuits. The Irish Revenue Commissioners also regard Jaffa Cakes as cakes, since their moisture content is greater than 12%. As a result, they are charged the reduced rate of VAT (13.5% ).

This is a document about Biscuit cake
  Molded in a terrine or loaf pan, the batter is prepared by simmering water with butter, sugar, chocolate chips and cocoa until a smooth mixture is obtained. After the mixture has cooled the crumbled digestive biscuits are incorporated into the batter. It is left to set in the refrigerator similar to other no-bake cakes. Some versions include condensed milk or raw eggs. The chocolate biscuit cake made by the Royal Kitchens of Buckingham Palace is reportedly a favorite tea cake of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince William. Prince William requested that the cake be prepared as a groom's cake for his wedding. Some versions of the cake are made with golden syrup. To prepare this cake butter, chocolate and golden syrup are heated. Beaten egg may optionally be whisked into the mixture while it is still warm. Crumbled biscuits and optional dry ingredients like glacé cherries, walnuts, almonds, sultanas, dried apricots are incorporated in the batter. It may be decorated with different toppings like brazil nuts or marshmallows.

This is a document about Arnott's Biscuits
  white icing. ; Honey Snaps: Honey and coconut flat biscuit. (Discontinued) ; Hundreds & Thousands: a vanilla biscuit topped with pink icing and coated with tiny multicolored nonpareils. ; Iced Animals: created by the new owner Robert Arnott, animal shaped biscuits with pink, green, yellow, and orange icing on top. ; Iced VoVos: a wheat flour biscuit with a raspberry jam and fondant topping sprinkled with coconut. ; Jaffa Cakes: a soft sponge with orange jam and coated with chocolate. (Discontinued) ; Jatz: a round savoury crisp cracker, lightly salted, also available in a cracked pepper flavoured variety. ; Kingstons: small round coconut biscuits with chocolate cream

This is a document about Shrewsbury cake
  A Shrewsbury cake or Shrewsbury biscuit is a classic English dessert, named after Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire. They are made from dough that contains sugar, flour, egg, butter and lemon zest; dried fruit is also often added. Shrewsbury cakes can be small in size for serving several at a time, or large for serving as a dessert in themselves.

This is a document about Jaffa Crvenka
  Jaffa was established in 1975, upon the initiative of several entrepreneurs from the area of Crvenka. The following year, in 1976, production of Jaffa Cakes biscuits commenced. In 1978, "Jaffa" biscuits as brand were legally protected in SFR Yugoslavia. Later, in 1981, a new product named Munchmallow was introduced, which consists of an egg white cream filling on a thin biscuit, covered in a chocolate layer. From 2004 onward, Jaffa began expanding its assortment of products, starting with the O'cake wholegrain biscuits, introducing new flavors of Jaffa Cakes and Munchmallow and, later in 2006, introducing Domaći keks ("Homemade biscuits") teacakes. In 2007, Jaffa introduced its own versions of the Petit Beurre and Polo biscuits. In 2008, Jaffa entered the salty snacks market with the introduction of the Tak brand, consisting of crunchy salty crackers, and the same year they introduced their own brand of Neapolitan wafers – Napolitanka. As of 2013, annual production of the company is 12,000 tonnes of confectionery products. In 2017, Jaffa acquired the confectionery company Banini Kikinda for €15 million, after Banini had been ordered to sell its factory in Kikinda as to repay its debt to creditors.

This is a document about Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats
  argument about whether the teacake is a biscuit or a cake led to an action in the European Court of Justice by British company Marks and Spencer. The UK tax authorities eventually accepted the company's argument that the teacakes were cakes (chocolate covered biscuits are taxed, cakes are not) but refused to repay most of the VAT. The European court ruled that in principle the tax should be repaid and in a further hearing before the UK Law Lords in 2009, after 13 years of litigation, Marks and Spencer won full repayment of the tax they had paid from 1973 to 1994, amounting to £3.5 million. This case was fought with Jaffa cakes.

This is a document about Dessert
  A batched dough between a cake and pastry by the mix of ingredients. An Old French bescuit, commonly spelt in English as biscuit, is a derivation of Latin for twice-baked. A Dutch koekje, commonly spelt in English as cookie, is a derivation of cake-ie , meaning little cake. This form of dough can have a texture that is crisp, hard, chewy, or soft – in the UK a biscuit is the former two and a cookie is typically the latter. Examples include a ginger nut, shortbread biscuit and chocolate chip cookie. Other small cakes and pastries can also be counted as under these terms, due to their size and relative similarity to cookies and biscuits, such as jaffa cakes and Eccles cakes.

This is a document about McVitie's
  in 1987. Launched in 1927, Jaffa Cakes were ranked the best selling cake or biscuit in the UK in 2012. In 1947, McVitie & Price made the wedding cake for Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten. Some of the products in the McVitie's line were rebranded McV in 2002, but this was replaced in 2005 with a restyled version of the McVitie's brand logo. In 2007, United Biscuits licensed the McVitie's brand to Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd for biscuit production in Japan. In 2009, McVitie's biscuits were voted the most popular biscuits to dunk in tea, with McVitie's chocolate digestives, Rich

This is a document about Jaffa Crvenka
  Jaffa Crvenka is a Serbian food company specialized in confectionery products and headquartered in Crvenka, Serbia. Its best-known product is Jaffa Cakes, based on the original McVitie's cakes and sharing the same name.

Jaffa Cakes are a type of biscuit cake. They are named after the Jaffa oranges and are introduced in the UK in 1927 by McVitie's. They consist of a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam, and a chocolate flavoured coating. Jaffa Cakes are typically round, small, and come in a circular base with a diameter of 76 mm and a height of 12 mm. They are sold in packs of 24 and are available in various sizes and flavors. The name


Question: where do they live in last man standing

Answer: Denver , Colorado

This is a document about Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)
 Comedy. Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series) Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen as a senior employee of a sporting goods store in Denver, Colorado, who is a married father of three daughters and a grandfather to his oldest daughter's son, Boyd. Distributed by 20th Century Fox Television, the series originally ran on ABC from 2011 to 2017 for six seasons, and entered syndication in 2015. Despite being ABC's second-highest rated sitcom for the 2016–17 season, it was revealed in May 2017 that the network had declined to renew "Last Man Standing" for a seventh

This is a document about Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)
 Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series) Last Man Standing is an American television sitcom starring Tim Allen as a senior employee of a sporting goods store in Denver, Colorado, who is a married father of three daughters and a grandfather to his oldest daughter's son, Boyd. Distributed by 20th Century Fox Television, the series originally ran on ABC from 2011 to 2017 for six seasons, and entered syndication in 2015. Despite being ABC's second-highest rated sitcom for the 2016–17 season, it was revealed in May 2017 that the network had declined to renew "Last Man Standing" for a seventh season.

This is a document about Combat Missions
  to finish will be discharged. Jeff Byers had issues with his weapon as it was constantly jamming which ultimately led to his discharge. Rudy consoled him at the discharge ceremony and wouldn't have minded seeing a fellow SEAL win the competition. Final Mission: Last Man Standing Players will wear a face shield with a target on it. They will start at opposite sides of a maze filled with glass panels. As time goes on, the glass panels will shatter leaving both players more vulnerable to getting hit. The first person to make a clean hit on the Target of their opponent's shield will be crowned Combat Missions Champion.

This is a document about The Last Man on Earth (TV series)
 Will Forte as Philip Tandy Miller (first addressed by the other characters as "Phil", then "Tandy"), an average, socially challenged man and seemingly the only human survivor after a virus wiped out nearly the entire population about a year earlier. He moves back to his hometown of Tucson, Arizona, after having painted "Alive in Tucson" on billboards and highway signs in all 50 states, hoping others might see the message. In his pre-virus life, he worked temp jobs and lived in a studio apartment for which his parents paid the rent. Out of loneliness, he draws faces on various sports balls as his "buddies", begins speaking to them, and

This is a document about John Rambo
  In this film Rambo: Last Blood, eleven years after the events in Burma, Vietnam War veteran John Rambo lives in Bowie, Arizona in his deceased father's horse ranch, which he manages with his old friend, Maria Beltran, and her granddaughter, Gabrielle. Gabriela reveals to Rambo that a friend of hers, Gizelle, has found Gabrielle's biological father, Manuel, in Mexico. Against Rambo and Maria's wishes, Gabrielle secretly drives to Mexico to ask why Manuel had abandoned Gabrielle and her mother years ago. Gizelle leads Gabrielle to Manuel's apartment, where he reveals to her that he never really cared for Gabrielle or her mother. Gizelle takes a heartbroken Gabrielle to a local

This is a document about Age 7 in America
 Luis lives in New York City's Lower East Side. He lives in a homeless shelter. His mother is a drug addict. ; Lucy, Alexis, and Kate live in New York City's Upper East Side and attend the prestigious Nightingale-Bamford School. ; Ashtyn lives in a middle-class suburban neighborhood in Lincoln, Nebraska. ; LeRoy lives in an apartment building (part of the Robert Taylor housing project) in the South Side of Chicago. He is African American. ; Kennisha is LeRoy's classmate and has lived in the housing project for the first part of her life but moved away later. She is also African American. ; Douglas, Vicky, and Mike live in a traditionally working-class, Polish community

This is a document about Metal Max Xeno
  last surviving settlement. The Iron Base, which formerly served as the center of a post-apocalypse city known as Iron Town, is run by four survivors: D'Annunzio the base manager, Jingoro the head mechanic, Yokky, Jingoro's alcoholic protege, and Po-M, an android logistics officer. Iron Base is visited by a young man (the player character, default name "Talis"), who has a metal arm and who announces his intentions destroy the SoNs with his tank in revenge for their attack on his hometown and subsequent deaths of his mother and adopted father. The citizens of Iron Base agree to help him, in exchange for his assistance

This is a document about Last Man Standing (motorcycle race)
  Last Man Standing is a motorcycle race held annually in Bulcher, Texas, US. The race consists of 300 of the world’s top enduro riders from around the world and they all converge on Bulcher for the Red Bull’s Last Man Standing Enduro event. The race takes place on the Red River Motorcycle Trails course straddling the Texas/Oklahoma border. Located northwest of Dallas/Fort Worth along the Texas-Oklahoma border, the Red River Motorcycle Trails have some of the most challenging terrain in North America for racing Enduro Motorcycles. The event is a carved out 40-mile loop that features steep rocky climbs, descents, boulders the size of cars and forests with trees that one can barely walk through. The race also presents its riders with the 100 mph straight-aways of hard packed, loamy dirt and sand.

This is a document about Fallout: New Vegas
  prepare for a second, inevitable conflict over the dam, Mr. House, a mysterious businessman who presides over New Vegas as its de facto leader with an army of "Securitron" security robots, also seeks control of the dam while ensuring neither side gains control, and is moving towards the final stages of his plans. Much of the game takes place in the Mojave Wasteland, which encompasses parts of the former states of California, Nevada, and Arizona. Along with the three main factions, the region has a number of minor factions. These include the Boomers, an isolationist and xenophobic tribe of

This is a document about Last Man Standing (season 9)
  On May 19, 2020, Fox renewed Last Man Standing for a ninth season. On October 14, 2020, it was announced that the season would be the final one of the series. The season takes place in 2023, so that it doesn't have to be during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it will still address how the pandemic impacted the characters. The time jump also allows the babies that the Kristin and Mandy characters were pregnant with at the close of season 8 to be presented as three-year old toddlers. The premiere was originally planned to be the unfinished finale from the eighth season, however due to the fact that most of it would have to be rewritten, and that planned guest-star Kaitlyn Dever was unavailable, the producers instead decided to write a new episode.

This is a document about The Amazing Race 15
  the Finish Line at Casa de Shenandoah. Most of the teams believed that they wanted to see Meghan & Cheyne win. Teams expressed their opinions about the final three teams at the Finish Line along with their joys and disappointments. After elimination, five of the first six teams were sequestered at a villa in Phú Quốc, Vietnam to await the finale. The exception was Eric & Lisa, who chose to leave the show upon their elimination. CBS posted short videos on its website after each episode aired in the Pacific Time Zone to show the eliminated teams interacting at the villa.

This is a document about The Last Mountain
  The Last Mountain begins by introducing local activist Maria Gunnoe, who describes how the hills surrounding her home in the town of Bob White, WV have been "turned inside out" and demolished, stripping away forest cover and topsoil and leaving less permeable rock in its place. She argues that this is the cause of flash floods in the community, and one flood in particular that nearly washed her and her family away. She also describes how her and her friends work has caused people to move out because of the fewer jobs available in the community. The film takes viewers to the town of Prenter, West Virginia, in

This is a document about Kamakura (G.I. Joe)
  living there now has been planted by Cobra, just as his family had been. He then goes back to the fort with the Joes, where he discusses his service in Afghanistan with the Joes, and reveals his findings from the basement. After Snake Eyes and Scarlett return from a mission in Dublin, Sean receives orders to report for inspector cadre at a new training facility in Texas. Disappointed that he will not be joining the Joes, Sean receives a gift of a commando dagger from Snake Eyes before departing. He also receives kisses from Scarlett and Cover Girl, much to Clutch's chagrin. However, the orders turn out to be false, as the

This is a document about The Bachelor (American TV series)
  For the first two weeks of filming, the contestants stay in "Villa De La Vina," a 7590 sqft, six-bedroom, nine-bath home in Agoura Hills, California. The custom home, built in 2005, is located on 10 acres at 2351 Kanan Road, and it is owned by Marshall Haraden. As of October 10, 2008, the home was listed for sale at a price of US$8.75 million. The final third of the episodes within a season are filmed traveling the world. Episodes have been filmed throughout the United States, Canada, England, New Zealand, Vietnam, Thailand, and Korea to name just a few locations. The Agoura Hills, California mansion became the primary residence for the contestants since the eleventh season though it was not used in seasons eight and nine, where they mainly shot in Paris and Rome, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mansion is strictly restricted for filming purposes in season 25, the contestants being housed on the isolated bubble at Nemacolin Woodlands Resort in Farmington, Pennsylvania.

This is a document about Pio ke kukui, poʻele ka hale
  decide to hide out in a safe house on a ranch in Montana. Lou finds Bauer in a gas station bathroom and arrests him. Steve and Joe arrive at the safe house and the two find Tim Cole, the third surviving member. Steve, Joe, and Tim begin prepping for an impending attack. Adam visits Gakuto Kojima in prison in an attempt to find out how Greer is communicating with the outside. Steve, Joe, and Tim and begin taking gunfire and engage with the attackers. Cole is hit during the gunfight and dies, Joe also gets shot in the process. Lou

This is a document about All in the Family
  values between the Greatest Generation and Baby Boomers. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers' home to save money, providing abundant opportunity for them to irritate each other. The show is set in the Astoria section of Queens, with the vast majority of scenes taking place in the Bunkers' home at 704 Hauser Street. Occasional scenes take place in other locations, especially during later seasons, such as Kelsey's Bar, a neighborhood tavern that Archie spends a good deal of time in and eventually purchases, and the Stivics' home after Mike and Gloria move out. Supporting characters represent the changing demographics of the neighborhood, especially the Jeffersons, a black family, who live in the house next door in the early seasons.

This is a document about The Apprentice (American season 6)
 Candidates must earn the right to live in the provided Beverly Hills mansion by simply winning the weekly task. Otherwise, the candidates will live in "Tent City", a location across the hedge from the mansion's swimming pool. ; Tent City will not have any access to electricity for common living tasks and will sleep in tents, outdoors. ; Tent City does have access to two tents, private (cold) showers, fresh water, alcoholic drinks, and food (and a grill on which to cook it). ; Tent City also appears to have access to an indoor "business center" adjunct to the mansion, with computers and Internet service, though the use

This is a document about The Burning City
  The first and last parts of the novel are set in Tep's Town, on the site of modern Los Angeles. The town consists of three classes: the Lords, the ruling class, who live in a separate area of the town; the kinless, essentially a slave class forbidden to carry weapons, descendants of a people conquered by the allied ancestors of the Lords and the Lordkin; and the Lordkin, proud, uneducated, undisciplined and indolent knife fighters organised into street gangs, who live by "gathering" whatever they wish from the kinless. The Lords supervise the kinless and placate the Lordkin. The kinless are unarmed and untrained

This is a document about My Name Is Earl
  Alex with the address "Earl Hickey, The Palms Hotel RM 231, 9005 Lincoln Blvd, Camden   USA" with Earl's hand covering up most of the postmark. The Palms Motel structure is actually a motel in North Hills, California, now named the Palm Tree Inn Motel. It was also used to film other shows and films such as Gilmore Girls, The Mentalist, and Heroes. Exterior shots of the Crab Shack and Club Chubby were also taken from locations in Van Nuys and North Hills. Houses and shops for the various characters come from locations in Van Nuys, Santa Clarita, Northridge, Moorpark, Los Angeles, and other Southern California cities. In the episode "Didn't Pay Taxes", Earl and Randy climb the landmark Artesia water tower, although

The Last Man Standing TV series is set in Denver, Colorado. The main character, Tim Allen's character, lives in a suburban Denver neighborhood.


Question: in  economics the creation of capital is referred to as

Answer: Investment or capital accumulation

This is a document about Capital (economics)
 theory, variable capital refers to a capitalist's investment in labor-power, seen as the only source of surplus-value. It is called "variable" since the amount of value it can produce varies from the amount it consumes, "i.e.", it creates new value. On the other hand, constant capital refers to investment in non-human factors of production, such as plant and machinery, which Marx takes to contribute only its own replacement value to the commodities it is used to produce. Investment or capital accumulation, in classical economic theory, is the production of increased capital. Investment requires that some goods be produced that are

This is a document about Capital formation
  of capital markets, privatization of financial institutions, development of secondary markets. In this usage, it refers to any method for increasing the amount of capital owned or under one's control, or any method in utilising or mobilizing capital resources for investment purposes. Thus, capital could be "formed" in the sense of "being brought together for investment purposes" in many different ways. This broadened meaning is not related to the statistical measurement concept nor to the classical understanding of the concept in economic theory. Instead, it originated in credit-based economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, which was accompanied by the rapid growth of the financial sector, and consequently the increased use of finance terminology in economic discussions. Capital formation is a concept used in macroeconomics, national accounts and financial economics. Occasionally it is also used in corporate accounts. It can be defined in three ways:

This is a document about Capitalism
  The accumulation of capital is the process of "making money", or growing an initial sum of money through investment in production. Capitalism is based on the accumulation of capital, whereby financial capital is invested in order to make a profit and then reinvested into further production in a continuous process of accumulation. In Marxian economic theory, this dynamic is called the law of value. Capital accumulation forms the basis of capitalism, where economic activity is structured around the accumulation of capital, defined as investment in order to realize a financial profit. In this context, "capital" is defined as money or a financial

This is a document about Capital (economics)
  In economics, capital consists of assets used for the production of goods and services. A typical example is the machinery used in factories. Capital can be increased by human labor, and does not include certain durable goods like homes and personal automobiles that are not used in the production of saleable goods and services. Adam Smith defined capital as "that part of man's stock which he expects to afford him revenue". In economic models, capital is an input in the production function. The total physical capital at any given moment in time is referred to as the capital stock (not to be confused with the capital stock of a business entity). Capital goods, real capital, or capital assets are already-produced, durable goods or any non-financial asset that is used in production of goods or services. In Marxian critique of political economy, capital is reproduced by social relations, and could not exist without labour. Marx himself stated it: "Capital is dead labour, that, vampire-like, only lives by sucking living labour, and lives the more, the more labour it sucks."

This is a document about Capital accumulation
  accumulation is usually needed for economic growth, since additional production usually requires additional funds to enlarge the scale of production. Smarter and more productive organization of production can also increase production without increased capital. Capital can be created without increased investment by inventions or improved organization that increase productivity, discoveries of new assets (oil, gold, minerals, etc.), the sale of property, etc. In modern macroeconomics and econometrics the term capital formation is often used in preference to "accumulation", though the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) refers nowadays to "accumulation". The term is occasionally used in national accounts.

This is a document about Constant capital
  Constant capital (c), is a concept created by Karl Marx and used in Marxian political economy. It refers to one of the forms of capital invested in production, which contrasts with variable capital (v). The distinction between constant and variable refers to an aspect of the economic role of factors of production in creating a new value. Constant capital includes the outlay of money on (1) fixed assets, i.e. physical plant, machinery, land and buildings, (2) raw materials and ancillary operating expenses (including external services purchased), and (3) certain faux frais of production (incidental expenses). Variable capital, by contrast, refers to the capital outlay on labour costs insofar as they represent

This is a document about Capitalism
  invested for the purpose of making more money (whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties, capital gain or some other kind of return). In mainstream economics, accounting and Marxian economics, capital accumulation is often equated with investment of profit income or savings, especially in real capital goods. The concentration and centralisation of capital are two of the results of such accumulation. In modern macroeconomics and econometrics, the phrase "capital formation" is often used in preference to "accumulation", though the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) refers nowadays to "accumulation". The term "accumulation" is occasionally used in national accounts.

This is a document about Capital formation
 It is a specific statistical concept, also known as net investment, used in national accounts statistics, econometrics and macroeconomics. In that sense, it refers to a measure of the net additions to the (physical) capital stock of a country (or an economic sector) in an accounting interval, or, a measure of the amount by which the total physical capital stock increased during an accounting period. To arrive at this measure, standard valuation principles are used. ; It is used also in economic theory, as a modern general term for capital accumulation, referring to the total "stock of capital" that has been formed, or to the growth of this total capital stock. ; In a much broader or vaguer sense, the term "capital formation" has in more recent times been used in financial economics to refer to savings drives, setting up financial institutions, fiscal measures, public borrowing,

This is a document about Das Kapital
  of capital, the growth of wage labour, the transformation of the workplace, the concentration of capital, commercial competition, the banking system, the decline of the profit rate, land-rents, et cetera. The critique of the political economy of capitalism proposes: After two decades of economic study and preparatory work (especially regarding the theory of surplus value), the first volume appeared in 1867 as The Production Process of Capital. After Marx's death in 1883, Engels introduced Volume II: The Circulation Process of Capital in 1885; and Volume III: The Overall Process of Capitalist Production in 1894 from manuscripts and the first volume. These three volumes are collectively known as Das Kapital.

This is a document about Outline of manufacturing
 Capital (economics) ; Capital investment ; Consumer ; Conveyor belt ; Depreciation ; Distributor ; Factory ; Fixed asset ; Industrial process ; Machine tool ; Manufacturing ; Mass production ; Plant ; Primary sector ; Procurement ; Production line ; Raw materials ; Retailer ; Supply chain ; Tooling up ; Warehouse ; Wholesaler ; Workers

This is a document about Das Kapital, Volume I
  the general formula. Capital cannot be created from circulation because equal exchange of commodities creates no surplus value and unequal exchange of commodities changes the distribution of wealth, but it still does not produce surplus-value. Capital cannot be created without circulation either because labor creates value within the general formula. Thus, Marx writes that "[i]t must have its origin both in circulation and not in circulation". However, a "double result" remains, namely that the capitalist must buy commodities at their value, sell them at their value and yet conclude the process with more money than at the beginning. The profit seemingly originates both inside and outside the general formula.

This is a document about Das Kapital, Volume I
  stands for the money returned in the circulative process (M) plus the additional surplus value gained (M∆): M'=M+M∆. Capital can only be created once the process of M-C-M has been completed and money returns to the starting point to be re-entered into circulation. Marx points out that "in its pure form, the exchange of commodities is an exchange of equivalents, and thus it is not a method of increasing value" and so a contradiction reveals itself. If the participating individuals exchanged equal values, neither of the individuals would increase capital. The needs being satisfied would be the only gain. The creation of surplus-value then becomes rather peculiar for Marx because

This is a document about Resource
  In social studies, capital refers to already-produced durable goods used in production of goods or services. In essence, capital refers to human-made resources created using knowledge and expertise based on utility or perceived value. Common examples of capital include buildings, machinery, railways, roads, and ships. As resources, capital goods may or may not be significantly consumed, though they may depreciate in the production process and they are typically of limited capacity or unavailable for use by others.

This is a document about Value-form
  rather than a social effect created by labour-cooperation and human effort; ; what any particular kind of labour is worth, becomes largely determined by the value of the tradeable product of the labour, and labour becomes organized according to the value it produces. ; The development of markets leads to the capitalization of money, products and services: the trade of money for goods, and goods for money, leads directly to the use of the trading process purely to "make money" from it (a practice known in classical Greece as "chrematistics"). This is what Marx regards as the true origin of capital, long before capital's

This is a document about Fictitious capital
  Marx saw the origin of fictitious capital in the development of the credit system and the joint-stock system. "The formation of a fictitious capital is called capitalisation." It represents a claim to property rights or income. Such claims can take many forms, for example, a claim on future government tax revenue or a claim issued against a commodity that remains, as yet, unsold. The stocks, shares and bonds issued by companies and traded on stock markets are also fictitious capital. A company may raise (non-fictitious) capital by issuing stocks, shares and bonds. This capital may then be used to generate surplus value, but once this capital is set in motion, the claims held

This is a document about Capital (economics)
  can produce varies from the amount it consumes, i.e., it creates new value. On the other hand, constant capital refers to investment in non-human factors of production, such as plant and machinery, which Marx takes to contribute only its own replacement value to the commodities it is used to produce. Investment or capital accumulation, in classical economic theory, is the production of increased capital. Investment requires that some goods be produced that are not immediately consumed, but instead used to produce other goods as capital goods. Investment is closely related to saving, though it is not the same. As Keynes pointed out, saving involves not spending all of one's income

This is a document about Capital (economics)
  (alongside the other factors: land and labour). All other inputs to production are called intangibles in classical economics. This includes organization, entrepreneurship, knowledge, goodwill, or management (which some characterize as talent, social capital or instructional capital). This is what makes it a factor of production: These distinctions of convenience have carried over to contemporary economic theory. Adam Smith provided the further clarification that capital is a stock. As such, its value can be estimated at a point in time. By contrast, investment, as production to be added to the capital stock, is described as taking place over time ("per year"), thus a flow. In Marxian critique of political economy, capital is viewed as a social relation, In Marx critical analysis

This is a document about Glossary of economics
  event of economic consequence. Such events may include an increase in on or capital holders or the government of the country defaulting on its debt that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country or otherwise to lose confidence in its economic strength. capital good: A that is used in the production of goods or services. Capital goods are one of the three types of producer goods, the other two being land and labour, which are also known collectively as primary. This classification originated with and has remained the dominant method for classification.

This is a document about Capitalism
  Volume I of Capital, p. 124 (German Edition) and in Theories of Surplus Value, volume II, p. 493 (German Edition). Marx did not extensively use the form capitalism, but instead capitalist and capitalist mode of production, which appear more than 2,600 times in the trilogy Capital (Das Kapital). In the English language, the term "capitalism" first appears, according to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), in 1854, in the novel The Newcomes by novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, where the word meant "having ownership of capital". Also according to the OED, Carl Adolph Douai, a German American socialist and abolitionist, used the term "private capitalism" in 1863.

This is a document about Capital accumulation
  Capital accumulation (also termed the accumulation of capital) is the dynamic that motivates the pursuit of profit, involving the investment of money or any financial asset with the goal of increasing the initial monetary value of said asset as a financial return whether in the form of profit, rent, interest, royalties or capital gains. The aim of capital accumulation is to create new fixed and working capitals, broaden and modernize the existing ones, grow the material basis of social-cultural activities, as well as constituting the necessary resource for reserve and insurance. The process of capital accumulation forms the basis of capitalism, and is one of the defining characteristics of a capitalist economic system.

In economics, the creation of capital is referred to as "capital accumulation" or "capital formation." It involves increasing the amount of capital owned or controlled for investment purposes. This can be achieved through various means, including reinvesting profits, selling assets, or discovering new assets. Capital is an asset used in the production of goods and services and is defined as any goods or non-human factors of production that increase the efficiency of production. It is a crucial concept in Marxian economics, where it is the basis of the economic process and the realization of profit.


Question: what are hare 's two levels of moral thinking

Answer: act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
 the opposing doctrines of act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism states that in all cases the morally right action is the one which produces the most pleasure, whereas rule utilitarianism states that the morally right action is the one that is in accordance with a moral rule whose general observance would create the most happiness. In terms of two-level utilitarianism, act utilitarianism can be likened to the 'critical' level of moral thinking, and rule utilitarianism to the 'intuitive' level. Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialist ethical theory. According to such theories, only the outcome of an action is morally

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
  Two-level utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics developed by R. M. Hare. According to the theory, a person's moral decisions should be based on a set of moral rules, except in certain rare situations where it is more appropriate to engage in a 'critical' level of moral reasoning. Consequentialists believe that an action is right if it produces the best possible state of affairs. Traditional utilitarianism (act utilitarianism) treats this as a claim that people should try to ensure that their actions maximize overall happiness or pleasure. Two-level utilitarianism is virtually a synthesis of the opposing doctrines of act utilitarianism and

This is a document about Consequentialism
  The two-level approach involves engaging in critical reasoning and considering all the possible ramifications of one's actions before making an ethical decision, but reverting to generally reliable moral rules when one is not in a position to stand back and examine the dilemma as a whole. In practice, this equates to adhering to rule consequentialism when one can only reason on an intuitive level, and to act consequentialism when in a position to stand back and reason on a more critical level. This position can be described as a reconciliation between act consequentialism—in which the morality of an action is determined by that action's effects—and rule consequentialism—in which moral behavior is derived from following rules that lead to positive outcomes. The two-level approach to consequentialism is most often associated with R. M. Hare and Peter Singer.

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
  is not undermined, two-level utilitarianism does not succeed in its goal of showing, "how, on utilitarian principles, it is a good idea to think and reason in a pluralist and non-consequentialist manner." It is impossible, he claims, to compartmentalise one's thinking in the way the two-level account requires—to simultaneously think like a utilitarian and act in a non-utilitarian way. Hare's response to this type of criticism is that he does his own moral thinking in this way, therefore the challenge that this type of moral thinking is impossible must be false. A third variety of objection somewhat related to the problem of 'weakness of will' is that difficulties arise when we try to keep critical thinking separate from intuitive thinking.

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
  theories to two-level utilitarianism, act and rule utilitarianism, were beset by various objections. For example, rule utilitarianism was criticized for implying that in some cases an individual should pursue a course of action that would obviously not maximise utility. Conversely, act utilitarianism was criticized for not allowing for a 'human element' in its calculations, i.e. it is sometimes too difficult (or impossible) for an ordinary person. As a descriptive model of the two levels, Hare posited two extreme cases of people, one of whom would only use critical moral thinking and the other of whom would only use intuitive moral thinking.

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
 Hare, R. M. 1993: Essays on Bioethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; In this book, Hare applies the methods of two-level utilitarianism to problems in bioethics, such as abortion and the treatment of people with psychiatric disorders using behavior control techniques.

This is a document about Gary Varner
  Hare's philosophy of two-level utilitarianism has been a focus of Varner's since the early 2000s, and was the subject of his Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition. In the book, Varner breaks with his previous biocentrism, instead endorsing sentientism (the idea that sentience is necessary and sufficient for moral considerability), prescriptivism, and two-level utilitarianism. The book is split into three parts: "Hare's Two-Level Utilitarianism", "Persons, Near-Persons, and the Merely Sentient", and "Formulating ILS [Intuitive-Level System] Rules for Persons, Near-Persons, and the Merely Sentient". The first part offers a reconstruction and analysis of Hare's philosophy, while the latter two offer an original position on animal ethics and personhood. In

This is a document about Utilitarianism
  to them, unless the situations are very extra-ordinary; the results of sophisticated felicific calculations are not likely, human nature and human ignorance being what they are, to lead to the greatest utility." In Moral Thinking (1981), Hare illustrated the two extremes. The "archangel" is the hypothetical person who has perfect knowledge of the situation and no personal biases or weaknesses and always uses critical moral thinking to decide the right thing to do. In contrast, the "prole" is the hypothetical person who is completely incapable of critical thinking and uses nothing but intuitive moral thinking and, of necessity, has to follow the general moral rules they have been taught or

This is a document about Gary Varner
 Andrews, Kristin (2014). "Book Review: Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare’s Two-Level Utilitarianism, written by Gary E. Varner; The Philosophy of Animal Minds, edited by Robert W. Lurz". Mind. 123 (491): 959–66.. ; Attfield, Robin, and Rebekah Humphreys (2012). "Personhood, Ethics and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare's Two-Level Utilitarianism". Philosophy. 88 (3): 493–8.. ; Jensen, Jon (2000). "Book review: In Nature's Interests? Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics". Ethics and the Environment. 4 (2): 235–9. ; Kadlac, Adam (2015). "Book Review: Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare’s Two-Level Utilitarianism, written by Gary E. Varner". Journal of Moral Philosophy. 12 (2): 247–50.. ; Moss, Justin (2015). "Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition: Situating Animals in Hare’s Two-Level Utilitarianism". Ethics, Policy & Environment. 18 (2): 226–32. ; Rowlands, Mark (2000). "In Nature's Interests: Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics". The Philosophical Review. 109 (4): 598–601.. ; Varner, Gary (1998). In Nature's Interests? Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195108651. ; Varner, Gary (2012). Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199758784.

This is a document about John E. Hare
  The author of over sixty articles in scholarly journals, Hare has worked on a wide range of topics, including ancient philosophy, medieval Franciscan philosophy, Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, contemporary ethical theory, the theory of the atonement, medical ethics, international relations and aesthetics. The son of the British utilitarian R. M. Hare, Hare has created an ethical theory which integrates Kantian deontological ethics with utilitarian consequentialism. Unlike his father's, Hare's philosophy is specifically Christian and includes elements of Divine command theory. In The Moral Gap (1996), Hare outlined and analyzed various philosophers' responses to the gap — which he finds to be identified in Kant's writings — between human ethical ability and human ethical duty; between what is possible and what is required. He sees this "moral gap"

This is a document about Gary Varner
  have morally considerable interests. From 2001, Varner embarked on a research project exploring animals in Hare's two-level utilitarianism. Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition, published by Oxford University Press in 2012, was the first monograph arising from this project. In the book, Varner moved away from his biocentrism, instead endorsing a developed version of Hare's ethics. Varner draws a distinction between persons, near-persons and merely sentient beings; although all are morally considerable, the lives of persons are of the most significance, and the lives of merely sentient beings are of the least. The practical consequences of this view, though initial comments were offered in Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition, will be explored in Sustaining Animals, forthcoming with Oxford University Press.

This is a document about Gary Varner
  I, Varner offers considerable endorsement of Harean philosophy. Varner interprets Hare as understanding that utilitarianism derives from prescriptivism, and affirms Hare's argument on this point. He goes on to discuss the utility of Intuitive-Level System (ILS) rules; these are the rules that one lives by in day-to-day life, which, though ultimately justified by it, do not derive their content from utilitarian calculation. There are, for Varner, four key kinds of ILSs: "common morality, personal morality, professional ethics, and laws". Though these are deontological in "flavor", following the precepts of these ILSs is generally justified under two-level utilitarianism. Further arguments—these are original, rather than being derived from Hare's

This is a document about Moral psychology
  degrees of moral identity to motivate an individual to make a choice and endorse a behavior. Also, depending on social consensus, particular behaviors may require different levels of moral reasoning. More recent attempts to develop an integrated model of moral motivation have identified at least six different levels of moral functioning, each of which has been shown to predict some type of moral or pro-social behavior: moral intuitions, moral emotions, moral virtues/vices (behavioral capacities), moral values, moral reasoning, and moral willpower. This social intuitionist model of moral motivation suggests that moral behaviors are typically the product of multiple levels of moral functioning, and are usually energized by the "hotter" levels of intuition, emotion, and behavioral virtue/vice.

This is a document about R. M. Hare
  In a series of books, especially The Language of Morals (1952), Freedom and Reason (1963), and Moral Thinking (1981), Hare gave shape to a theory that he called universal prescriptivism. According to this, moral terms such as 'good', 'ought' and 'right' have two logical or semantic properties: universalizability and prescriptivity. By the former, he meant that moral judgments must identify the situation they describe according to a finite set of universal terms, excluding proper names, but not definite descriptions. By the latter, he meant that moral agents must perform those acts they consider themselves to have an obligation to perform whenever they

This is a document about Two-level utilitarianism
  of moral thinking, the next step is to identify when one ought to think like an archangel, and when like a prole. Hare identifies three types of situation where critical thinking is necessary. The first is when the intuitive general principles conflict in particular cases. The second is when, "though there is no conflict between principles, there is something highly unusual about the case which prompts the question whether the general principles are really fitted to deal with it." Thirdly, and most importantly, critical thinking is necessary in order to select the intuitive prima facie principles that will be used.

This is a document about R. M. Hare
  While Hare was primarily interested in meta-ethics, he also made some important contributions to the fields of political philosophy and applied ethics. Among his essays within these fields those on the wrongness of slavery, abortion and the Golden Rule, and on demi-vegetarianism have received the most attention. Hare's most important work in political philosophy and applied ethics is collected in the two volumes Essays on Political Morality (1989) and Essays on Bioethics (1993), both published by Oxford University Press.

This is a document about Utilitarianism
  through imitation. It is not that some people are archangels and others proles, but rather that "we all share the characteristics of both to limited and varying degrees and at different times." Hare does not specify when we should think more like an "archangel" and more like a "prole" as this will, in any case, vary from person to person. However, the critical moral thinking underpins and informs the more intuitive moral thinking. It is responsible for formulating and, if necessary, reformulating the general moral rules. We also switch to critical thinking when trying to deal with unusual situations or in cases where the intuitive moral rules give conflicting advice.

This is a document about Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
  The pre-conventional level of moral reasoning is especially common in children and is expected to occur in animals, although adults can also exhibit this level of reasoning. Reasoners at this level judge the morality of an action by its direct consequences. The pre-conventional level consists of the first and second stages of moral development and is solely concerned with the self in an egocentric manner. A child with pre-conventional morality has not yet adopted or internalized society's conventions regarding what is right or wrong but instead focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring. In Stage one (obedience and punishment driven), individuals focus on the direct consequences of

This is a document about Moral relativism
  Some philosophers, for example R. M. Hare (1919–2002), argue that moral propositions remain subject to human logical rules, notwithstanding the absence of any factual content, including those subject to cultural or religious standards or norms. Thus, for example, they contend that one cannot hold contradictory ethical judgments. This allows for moral discourse with shared standards, notwithstanding the descriptive properties or truth conditions of moral terms. They do not affirm or deny that moral facts exist, only that human logic applies to our moral assertions; consequently, they postulate an objective and preferred standard of moral justification, albeit in a very limited sense. Nevertheless, according to Hare, human logic shows the error of relativism in one very

This is a document about Lawrence Kohlberg
  was determined that the process of moral development was principally concerned with justice and that its development continued throughout the life span, even spawning dialogue of philosophical implications of such research. His model "is based on the assumption of co-operative social organization on the basis of justice and fairness." Kohlberg studied moral reasoning by presenting subjects with moral dilemmas. He would then categorize and classify the reasoning used in the responses, into one of six distinct stages, grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional. Each level contains two stages. These stages heavily influenced others and have been utilized by others like James Rest in making the Defining Issues Test in 1979.

Hare's two levels of moral thinking in his theory of two-level utilitarianism are the critical level and the intuitive level. The critical level involves applying a set of moral rules, while the intuitive level is the level of moral intuition.