Question: who won the first season of the bachelor

Answer: Amanda Marsh

This is a document about The Bachelor (season 1)
 The Bachelor (season 1) The Bachelor (season 1) is the first season of ABC reality television series "The Bachelor". The show featured very first bachelor, Alex Michel, courting 25 women. The season premiered on March 25, 2002, and concluded on April 25, 2002 in which 23-year-old event planner Amanda Marsh was named the winner and Michel chose not to propose her, they continued to date and broke off the relationship. The following is the list of bachelorettes for this season: Trista Rehn was chosen to be the Bachelorette in the first season of "The Bachelorette". Shannon Oliver appeared in episode

This is a document about Trista Sutter
 Trista Sutter Trista Nicole Sutter (née Rehn on October 28, 1972, in Indianapolis, Indiana) was the runner-up on season 1 of "The Bachelor" before becoming the star of the first season of its companion show, "The Bachelorette". Sutter has also appeared on "Dancing with the Stars" and "Fear Factor". Rehn appeared as a contestant on season 1 of ABC's "The Bachelor". She finished runner-up after bachelor Alex Michel selected Amanda Marsh as the winner ahead of Rehn in the show's finale. After her appearance on "The Bachelor", Rehn was selected to be featured in the gender-reversed spin-off, "The Bachelorette". She

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 1)
  The Bachelor (season 1) was the first season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The show featured the first bachelor, Alex Michel, courting 25 women. The season premiered on March 25, 2002, and concluded on April 25, 2002 in which 23-year-old event planner Amanda Marsh was named the winner and Michel chose not to propose her. They continued to date and eventually broke off the relationship.

This is a document about Trista Sutter
  Rehn appeared as a contestant on season 1 of ABC's The Bachelor. She finished runner-up after bachelor Alex Michel selected Amanda Marsh as the winner ahead of Rehn in the show's finale.

This is a document about The Bachelorette (American season 1)
  The first season of The Bachelorette premiered on January 8, 2003, and concluded on February 19, 2003. This season featured Trista Rehn, a pediatric physical therapist and former Miami Heat dancer from St. Louis, Missouri, courting 25 men. Rehn was the runner-up from the first season of The Bachelor featuring Alex Michel. The winner was 28-year-old firefighter Ryan Sutter and eventually became Rehn's husband. The couple married in December 6, 2003 in Santa Monica, California, and they are living in Vail, Colorado with their two children.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American TV series)
  to decide which bachelor would make the best husband. At the end of the first episode, Velvick was chosen. Notable cases where the bachelor violated the premise of the show are Brad Womack, who selected neither of his final two women on his first season, and Jason Mesnick, who broke off his engagement in the After the Final Rose episode and several months later proposed (offscreen) to the first runner-up (Molly Malaney)—who he later married. Like Mesnick, Arie Luyendyk Jr. also broke off his engagement and during the After the Final Rose episode, he proposed to the first runner-up (Lauren Burnham) —to whom he is now married.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 21)
  The twenty-first season of The Bachelor premiered on January 2, 2017. This season features 36-year-old Nick Viall, a software sales executive from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who later resided in Chicago, Illinois. Viall attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in business administration. Viall was the runner-up on both the 10th and 11th seasons of The Bachelorette featuring Andi Dorfman and Kaitlyn Bristowe, respectively. He also made it to the final episode on the 3rd season of Bachelor in Paradise along with Bachelor alumna Jennifer Saviano. The season concluded on March 13, 2017, 29-year-old special education teacher Vanessa Grimaldi from Montreal, Quebec was named the winner and became Viall's fiancée, becoming the first Canadian contestant to win the show. Their engagement ended on August 25, 2017.

This is a document about The Bachelorette (American season 10)
  Chris Soules was chosen as the bachelor for the nineteenth season of The Bachelor. Cody Sattler made a surprise cameo during Chris' introduction video. Nick Viall was chosen as the bachelor for the twenty-first season of The Bachelor. Dorfman made an appearance during the Hometown Dates episode.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 17)
  The seventeenth season of The Bachelor premiered on January 7, 2013. This season features 29-year-old Sean Lowe, a former Kansas State football player from Irving, Texas. Lowe finished in third place on the eighth season of The Bachelorette featuring Emily Maynard. The season concluded on March 11, 2013 in which Catherine Giudici was named the winner and she became the first winner of Asian descent since Tessa Horst seven seasons earlier. Giudici eventually became Lowe's wife when they got married in January 2014. Lowe and Giudici are currently living in Dallas, Texas with their two sons, Isaiah and Samuel, and daughter, Mia.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 10)
  The Bachelor: Season 10 (also known as The Bachelor: Officer and a Gentleman) is the tenth season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The show was filmed in Los Angeles, Hawaii, and Pennsylvania. The premiere of this season of The Bachelor aired on April 2, 2007. The show features the first US Navy Officer, physician and sportsman from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Andy Baldwin, counting 25 women, after the show, Baldwin was chosen as the favorite bachelor in all the ten seasons. The season concluded on May 21, 2007 with Tessa Horst named as the winner of the competition and became Baldwin's fiancée. Horst became the first winner of Asian descent in the whole Bachelor Nation franchise. The couple soon ended their engagement and briefly resumed dating, but finally broke up for good later that year.

This is a document about Miss Teen USA
  and won the $1 million first-place prize, beating out Stephenie LaGrossa at the final tribal council. ; Delegates who have appeared on The Bachelor are Caroline Lunny (Miss Massachusetts Teen USA 2008, season 22), Caelynn Miller-Keyes (Miss Virginia Teen USA 2013, season 23) and Maurissa Gunn (Miss Montana Teen USA 2013, season 24). ; Nicole Briscoe (née Manske) (Miss Illinois Teen USA 1998) became a journalist and is currently an ESPN presenter, currently the studio host for motorsport programming (though she is not permitted to work IndyCar Series races on ESPN because of her husband Ryan Briscoe, an IndyCar driver). ; Maria

This is a document about The Bachelor (Australian season 1)
  Original airdate: 8 September 2013 First impression roses: With some one on one time in the garden at the Cocktail Party, Judy won the first ever The Bachelor Australia rose followed by Sarah, Emily and Emma. Rose ceremony: Debra, Erin, Jody, Jolene and Nikki are eliminated.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 14)
  The Bachelor: Season 14 (also known as The Bachelor: On the Wings of Love) is the 14th season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The season premiere aired on January 4, 2010. The show features Jake Pavelka a pilot from Dallas, Texas, courting 25 women. Pavelka was a contestant of fifth season of The Bachelorette featuring Jillian Harris. He was eliminated before hometown dates and finished in 7th/8th place. It is the first season of The Bachelor to be broadcast in high definition. The season concluded on March 1, 2010 in which Vienna Girardi was named the winner and became Pavelka's fiancée. The couple later ended their relationship in June 2010.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 26)
  On August 2021, it was reported that season 15 runner-up Tyler Cameron, and season 17's Greg Grippo, Andrew Spencer and Michael Allio, were in consideration for the lead role. On September 15, 2021, media outlets reported that Echard was selected as the Bachelor. The next day, the production crew was also reported in Echard's hometown of Eureka, Missouri to film footage for his upcoming season. Host Jesse Palmer further confirmed the news on Instagram in October 2021. Echard was formally announced as The Bachelor on November 30, 2021. Notable contestants include Hurricane Sandy survivor Daria Rose; Denver Broncos cheerleader Gabby Windey, who is the ex-girlfriend of The Bachelorette contestants Dean Unglert and Blake Horstmann; Olympic sprinter Marlena Wesh, who represented Haiti at the 2012 Summer Olympics; Miss Virginia USA 2020 and Miss USA 2020 competitor Susie Evans; Miss South Carolina Teen 2015 and top 10 finalist at Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2016 Sarah Hamrick; and Miss Teen America 2013 Lindsay Dobbs.

This is a document about Nick Viall
  In August 2016, Viall was announced as the star of the twenty-first season of The Bachelor on the fourth episode of the second season of Bachelor in Paradise: After Paradise. He was chosen despite not being a fan favorite to star on the show, beating contenders Chase McNary and Luke Pell, both from The Bachelorette (season 12). In the first episode, Viall revealed that he had thirty women on the show, instead of the usual twenty-five. Viall proposed to contestant Vanessa Grimaldi, a special education teacher from Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the season finale. They broke up the following August.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 5)
  The Bachelor (season 5) is the fifth season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The show featured the first non-American bachelor, Jesse Palmer, courting 25 women. At 25 years old, Palmer remains the youngest Bachelor suitor in the entire series. The season premiered on April 7, 2004 and concluded on May 19, 2004 with Jessica Bowlin named as the winner, Palmer did not propose to her and continue to date, but ended their relationship several weeks after the finale.

This is a document about Cassie Randolph
  Cassandra Ann Randolph (born April 27, 1995) is an American television personality who came to national prominence in 2019, as the winner of season 23 of The Bachelor, starring Colton Underwood.

This is a document about The Bachelorette (American season 5)
  Kiptyn Locke, Juan Barbieri, David Good, Wes Hayden, and Jesse Kovacs, returned for the first season of Bachelor Pad. Barbieri was eliminated during week 1. Hayden was eliminated during week 4. Kovacs and his partner, Elizabeth Kitt, were eliminated at the beginning of week 6, finishing in 3rd place. Locke and his partner, Tenley Molzahn, were eliminated at the end of week 6, finishing as the runners-up. Good won the season alongside his partner, Natalie Getz. Pavelka and Michael Stagliano returned for the second season of Bachelor Pad. Pavelka was eliminated during week 3. Stagliano won the competition alongside his partner, Holly Durst. Stagliano, Ed Swiderski, and Reid Rosenthal, returned for the third season of Bachelor Pad. Stagliano was eliminated during week 5 and Rosenthal during week 3. Swiderski and his partner, Jaclyn Swartz, were eliminated at the end of week 7, finishing in 3rd place.

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 12)
  The Bachelor (season 12) (also known as The Bachelor: London Calling) is the twelfth season of ABC reality television series The Bachelor. The season premiere aired on March 17, 2008. The show features British bachelor, Matt Grant and making the first bachelor outside of North America, counting 25 women from the United States. On May 12, 2008, Shayne Lamas was named the winner and became Grant's fiancée. The couple ended their relationship months later. This was the final season to be aired in 90 minutes.

Amanda Marsh won the first season of "The Bachelor" in 2002, but she did not choose to marry bachelor Alex Michel. Instead, they continued dating after the show.


Question: who is cisco supposed to be in the flash

Answer: Vibe

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
 Detroit, he decided to give up his position as the leader of a local street gang, Los Lobos, to join. What made Cisco a candidate was his metahuman ability to emit powerful vibratory shock waves. Vibe's presence on the team caused Aquaman and the Martian Manhunter to harbor some strong doubts about the new JLA, particularly after he got the League involved in a rumble with a rival gang. Vibe soon proved his mettle during the League's battles against Cadre, Anton Allegro and Amazo. He stayed with the League through the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" crossover, when his powers played

This is a document about Carlos Valdes (actor)
 in the role of Francisco "Cisco" Ramón/Vibe, an engineering genius. Cisco is part of the S.T.A.R. Labs team, along with Dr. Harrison Wells and Dr. Caitlin Snow, that help Barry Allen with his superpowers. In June 2015, Valdes lent his voice to Cisco Ramon in the animated web series "Vixen". Carlos Valdes (actor) Carlos David Valdes (born April 20, 1989) is an American actor and singer who holds dual United States and Colombian nationality. He is best-known for playing the role of Cisco Ramon / Vibe on The CW television series "The Flash" and other Arrowverse-related shows. Valdes was born

This is a document about The Flash (season 5)
 Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, and Jesse L. Martin return from previous seasons as Barry Allen / Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow / Killer Frost, Cisco Ramon / Vibe and Joe West, respectively. Tom Cavanagh also returned as a series regular, playing a new version of his character Harrison Wells, known as Sherloque Wells. Cavanagh also portrays Herr Wells of Earth-12 in the episode "The Death of Vibe", Harry Wells of Earth-2, and Eobard Thawne in the episode "What's Past Is Prologue". The fifth season is the first not to feature Keiynan Lonsdale, who plays Wally West / Kid Flash, as

This is a document about The Flash (season 2)
 Barry Allen / The Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow, Cisco Ramon / Vibe and Joe West, respectively. Tom Cavanagh, who portrayed Eobard Thawne impersonating Harrison Wells in season one, also returned as a regular, playing Wells' Earth-2 doppelgänger. Rick Cosnett, a main cast member from season one, did not return as a regular because his character, Eddie Thawne, died in the season one finale. He instead returned as a guest star in the season premiere "The Man Who Saved Central City" in a dream sequence, and later in the episode "Flash Back", where Barry travels back to a time when

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
 Vibe (comics) Vibe (real name Paco Ramone or Francisco "Cisco" Ramon) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Carlos Valdes portrays Cisco Ramon / Vibe in The CW's Arrowverse, especially "The Flash", in which he is one of the Flash's teammates. Vibe's first appearance was in "Justice League of America Annual" #2 (October 1984), and he was created by Gerry Conway and Chuck Patton. Cisco Ramon began his career as Vibe shortly after Aquaman disbanded the original Justice League. When young Cisco heard that a new Justice League was forming in his own hometown

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
 only person we know of who can find and track inter-dimensional breaches." He is also undetectable by security cameras. In the 2014 series "The Flash", Vibe's powers first manifested as precognitive/retrocognitive visions brought-on by touch or by a strong-enough imprint, initially, before they developed further, such as focused waves of concussive, vibrational force, to inter/extradimensional breaches. In addition, his agility is above average (and he was a super breakdancer). Under Batman's secret tutelage, Vibe became a more skilled combatant. Carlos Valdes portrays Cisco Ramon/Vibe in The CW's "Arrowverse", being part of the main cast of "The Flash". This version of

This is a document about The Flash (season 4)
 charge, and so they wind up going... to work through it." He added, "The two of them with the therapist is some of the funniest stuff we have ever done on this show, but it also leads to a deepening of their relationship." Main cast members Grant Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin return from previous seasons as Barry Allen / The Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow / Killer Frost, Cisco Ramon / Vibe, Wally West / Kid Flash, Harrison Wells, and Joe West, respectively. Cavanagh primarily portrayed Harry Wells from

This is a document about Gorilla City (The Flash)
 Jesse L. Martin appear in the episodes as Barry Allen / Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow, Cisco Ramon / Vibe, Wally West / Kid Flash, H.R. Wells and Joe West, respectively. Cavanagh also plays Harry Wells from Earth-2. The guest cast for the episodes includes Tom Felton as Julian Albert, Violett Beane as Jesse Chambers Wells / Jesse Quick and Jessica Camacho as Gypsy; all are recurring characters in the series. In January 2017, Keith David was cast to voice Solovar, a longtime ally of the Flash in DC Comics and the leader of Gorilla City. David Sobolov confirmed his

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
 (interdimensional, transdimensional and extradimensional portals). Vibe's reintroduction in 2013 redefined his powers as having to do with inter-dimensional physics. Vibe's waves have the power to disrupt the Speed Force, making him one of the few characters who poses a serious threat to the Flash. For this reason, Steve Trevor recruits him into the JLA, which exists to guard against the threat of the main Justice League going rogue. Amanda Waller says that "Cisco Ramon might be one of the most powerful super-humans on the planet. He wields vibrational powers that could in theory shake the Earth apart. And he's the

This is a document about Black Canary in other media
 "The Flash", Fury Rogue, Siren-X made her debut. She is introduced trying to kill Citizen Cold. He is rescued by Cisco Ramon / Vibe and the Flash. She follows them to Earth 1. She is also portrayed by Katie Cassidy and looks very similar to Black Siren, except Siren-X has blue eyes. She is a metahuman assassin and unrequited lover of Oliver Queen's deceased doppelgänger Dark Arrow and surviving daughter of SS "Sturmbannführer" Quentin Lance (Quentin Lance's doppelgänger). In addition to having combat trainings similar to her Earth-1 and Earth-2 counterparts, Siren-X has more experience and control with her powers

This is a document about Duet (The Flash)
 accepts ("Runnin' Home to You"). Main cast members Grant Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin star as Barry Allen / Flash, Iris West, Caitlin Snow, Cisco Ramon / Vibe, Wally West / Kid Flash, Harrison "H.R." Wells, and Joe West, respectively. In January 2017, Darren Criss was cast as Music Meister. Additionally, the episode's guest cast includes Melissa Benoist as Kara Danvers / Supergirl, Jeremy Jordan as Winn Schott, David Harewood as J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter and Chris Wood as Mon-El, reprising their roles from "Supergirl", along with "Legends of

This is a document about What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)
 the past four seasons," with Parker Kennedy concluding that "the episode really brings the three of them closer." Grant Gustin said the episode "felt like "Back to the Future" style time travel, seeing ourselves see ourselves in these other moments through a new lens. It was really cool." Main cast members Grant Gustin, Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Nicolet, Jessica Parker Kennedy, Chris Klein, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin appear in the episode as Barry Allen / Flash, Iris West-Allen, Caitlin Snow / Killer Frost, Cisco Ramon / Vibe, Ralph Dibny / Elongated Man, Cecile

This is a document about Killer Frost
 Cisco Ramon/Vibe and Harrison Wells which supports Barry Allen/The Flash and has a friendship with Iris West. In season one, she struggles with her fiancé Ronnie Raymond's death in the particle accelerator blast which created various meta-humans, but later discovers Ronnie survived as part of the fire-based superhero Firestorm. After the Reverse-Flash (disguised as Wells) is revealed within their team, Caitlin and Ronnie later marry but Ronnie dies shortly after to help close a destructive singularity over Central City. During season two, Caitlin grieves for Ronnie, but grows closer to Hunter Zolomon (disguised as Jay Garrick). She then develops the

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
 which was behind the Flash's and many others' powers, he begins having visions of people in other timelines and thus is revealed to be a metahuman; Cisco's ability is what helps the team to discover that Wells is actually Eobard Thawne aka the villain speedster Reverse-Flash. In season two, Cisco takes the "Vibe" nickname after embracing his metahuman status. He eventually learns to call upon his powers to a greater degree while the team faces off against the Earth-2 speedster Zoom, and discovers from his own Earth-2 doppelganger Reverb that he has the latent power to open dimensional portals and

This is a document about Carlos Valdes (actor)
 Carlos Valdes (actor) Carlos David Valdes (born April 20, 1989) is an American actor and singer who holds dual United States and Colombian nationality. He is best-known for playing the role of Cisco Ramon / Vibe on The CW television series "The Flash" and other Arrowverse-related shows. Valdes was born in Cali, Colombia but was raised in Miami, Florida by the age of 5, then moved again to Marietta, Georgia at the age of 12. He studied at the University of Michigan with actors from the theater group StarKid Productions, and co-wrote their 2009 musical "Me and My Dick". After

This is a document about Arrowverse
 West (Vanessa A. Williams) gave birth to shortly after abandoning her family. Cisco initially begins having visions or "vibes" of other times, places, and dimensions upon touching certain objects, he is given the nickname Vibe. He later finds his metahuman powers can also be used to open portals to other worlds and create sonic vibrations. After Zoom kills Barry's father, the season concludes with Barry travelling back in time to save his mother's life from the Reverse-Flash. After changing all of history, Barry inadvertently alters the entire timeline, resulting in 'Flashpoint' timeline. Despite Barry's attempt to repair the damages he

This is a document about Savitar (comics)
 before Barry's eyes which would lead to the time remnant's creation. However, Savitar faces non-existence when H.R. Wells (Earth-19) sacrifices himself by impersonating Savitar's intended victim. Barry offers to find a way to save his time remnant, but Savitar rejects this and blows up S.T.A.R. Labs with the Philosopher's Stone. To save himself, Savitar tries to manipulate Cisco Ramon/Vibe to fragment himself throughout all of time and then goad his original self to give into dark impulses as Savitar himself. However, both efforts are foiled by Team Flash and Savitar is erased from existence after being shot by his would-be

This is a document about Vibe (comics)
  he begins having visions of people from other timelines and is eventually revealed to be a metahuman. Cisco's abilities later helps Team Flash discover Harrison Wells is actually the future speedster Eobard Thawne/Reverse-Flash. Cisco is also shown to have a rocky relationship with his brother Dante Ramon. In season two, Cisco embraces his metahuman status and takes the "Vibe" nickname. After witnessing the abilities of his evil Earth-2 doppelgänger Reverb, Cisco starts developing his powers to a greater degree; learning to open dimensional portals and emit powerful destructive blasts. In season three, Cisco's relationship with Barry is temporarily strained after finding out that Barry's timeline changes lead to Dante's death. But after he

This is a document about List of The Flash characters
  of his dark side eventually inspires Caitlin to do the same. Cisco shares a budding romance with Cynthia Reynolds (Gypsy), a metahuman bounty hunter from Earth-19. Cisco also struggles to build a friendship with Harrison "H.R." Wells from Earth-19, not because of his experience with Eobard Thawne but because both he and Harry see him as a nuisance. In an alternative version of 2024, Cisco lost his hands, and thus the use of his powers, after the fight with Killer Frost. He replaced them with cybernetic prostheses and became dejected after Savitar's attacks leave Central City without a sense of hope.

This is a document about Going Rogue (The Flash)
  the Flash, in which the tech included a cryonic gun. Felicity (Emily Bett Rickards) later comes and checks on Barry after learning that he woke up from his coma. Barry shows Felicity his powers, and then introduces everyone at S.T.A.R. Labs. Afterwards, Cisco Ramon (Carlos Valdes) realizes that the cryonic gun has gone missing and Wells and Barry, upon hearing this, isn't happy to learn that Cisco had built such a gun. Cisco explains that he built the gun as a fail-safe against Barry if he ever was to turn bad as other meta-humans they previously encountered. Meanwhile, Snart - without his crew - steals the diamond without any

Cisco Ramon is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe, specifically in the "Flash" series. He is a metahuman with the ability to vibrate his body at supersonic speeds, which he uses to emit powerful shockwaves. Cisco joined the Justice League after his teammate, Vibe, was recruited by Aquaman. He has been a part of the team during their battles against Cadre, the Amazons, and the Legion of Doom. In the Arrowverse, Carlos Valdes portrays Cisco Ramon in the TV series "The Flash"


Question: where does the natchez trace parkway begin and end

Answer: Nashville , Tennessee

This is a document about Natchez Trace
 his grave site. Natchez Trace The Natchez Trace, also known as the "Old Natchez Trace", is a historic forest trail within the United States which extends roughly from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee, linking the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi Rivers. The trail was created and used by Native Americans for centuries, and was later used by early European and American explorers, traders, and emigrants in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Today, the path is commemorated by the Natchez Trace Parkway and Bridge, which follow the approximate path of the Trace, as well as the related Natchez Trace Trail.

This is a document about Natchez Trace Parkway
 Natchez Trace Parkway The Natchez Trace Parkway (also known as the Natchez Trace or simply the Trace) is a National Parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail. Its central feature is a two-lane parkway road that extends 444 miles (715 km) from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. Access to the parkway is limited, with more than fifty access points in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. The southern end of the route is in Natchez at an intersection with Liberty Road, and the northern end is

This is a document about Natchez Trace Parkway
 the act of August 10, 1961. Highlights, based on the Natchez Trace Parkway website, are listed below. Natchez Trace Parkway The Natchez Trace Parkway (also known as the Natchez Trace or simply the Trace) is a National Parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail. Its central feature is a two-lane parkway road that extends 444 miles (715 km) from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. Access to the parkway is limited, with more than fifty access points in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. The southern end

This is a document about Natchez Trace
 Natchez Trace The Natchez Trace, also known as the "Old Natchez Trace", is a historic forest trail within the United States which extends roughly from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee, linking the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi Rivers. The trail was created and used by Native Americans for centuries, and was later used by early European and American explorers, traders, and emigrants in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Today, the path is commemorated by the Natchez Trace Parkway and Bridge, which follow the approximate path of the Trace, as well as the related Natchez Trace Trail. Parts of the

This is a document about History of the National Park Service
 sweeping views of mountain and valley with intimate glimpses of the fauna and flora of the Blue Ridge and close-up views of typical mountain structures, like Mabry's Mill, built of logs by pioneers and still operating. The Natchez Trace Parkway is the second major National Parkway, a projected roadway through a protected zone of forest, meadow, and field which generally follows the route of the historic Natchez Trace from Nashville, Tennessee, to Natchez, Mississippi. The Old Natchez Trace was once an Indian path, then a wilderness road, and finally from 1800 to 1830 a highway binding the old Southwest to

This is a document about Natchez Trace Parkway
 the flat-boats), and return home via the Trace (for the middle section of their return trip), to as far away as Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Improved communications (steam boats, stagecoach lines, and railroads) and the development of ports along the rivers named above (e.g., Natchez; Memphis, Tennessee; Paducah, Kentucky; Nashville, Tennessee; and Louisville, Kentucky) made the route obsolete as a means of passenger and freight commerce. As a result, no major population centers were born or developed along the Trace, because of its alignment, between its termini Nashville and Natchez. The two cities of note, near or on the Trace's alignment (Jackson,

This is a document about Natchez Trace Parkway
 only two post-tensioned, segmental concrete arch bridges in the world. The Emergency Appropriations Act of June 19, 1934, allocated initial construction funds and established it as a parkway under National Park Service by act of May 18, 1938. For many years in the later 20th century, most of the trace had been complete, but owing to a lack of funds, two gaps remained, especially one, a several-mile-long bypass of Jackson, Mississippi. These final two segments, between Interstate 55 and Interstate 20 (in Ridgeland and Clinton, Mississippi, respectively); and between Liberty Road in the city of Natchez, Mississippi and U.S. Highway

This is a document about Natchez Trace State Park
 single boat ramp. Jon-boats, life jackets and paddles are made available on a first-come, first-served basis, and permits are available at both sites. Natchez Trace Park has of riding trails in the south end of the park. Natchez Trace is located in Carroll, Henderson, and Benton counties, near the unincorporated community of Wildersville. Interstate 40 bisects the park, which is roughly equidistant from Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee. Natchez Trace State Park Natchez Trace State Park is a state park located in western Tennessee. It was named for the Natchez Trace woodland path that was an important wilderness road during the

This is a document about Mississippi State Highway System
 most three-digit numbered routes are numbered by region (300s in the northernmost part of the state, 600 in the southernmost). Three-digit numbered routes from 700s to 900s are usually short connectors and spurs. Natchez Trace Parkway starts in Natchez and ends at Nashville, Tennessee. The parkway is maintained by the National Park Service. In 1928, Mississippi Governor Theodore G. Bilbo appointed Horace Stansel head of a committee to investigate the state's highway needs. Stansel submitted an act to create a state highway system to the state legislature in 1930. Since then, Mississippi has gradually expanded its highway system. Until 1987,

This is a document about John L. Cotter
 transferred to Natchez State Parkway at Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1947 to carry out an archaeological survey along the former Natchez Trace Trail, which ran from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. From there, Cotter served as Acting Chief Archaeologist of the National Park Service in Washington, D.C. while Chief Archaeologist John Corbett fulfilled his duties as an Army reserve officer. It was in 1954 that Cotter took charge of field projects at Jamestown, Virginia, conducted with the site's 350th anniversary (1957) in mind. Cotter worked with Edward B. Jelks and J.C. “Pinky” Harrington to survey the area's colonial sites. This experience,

This is a document about Natchez Trace State Park
 Natchez Trace State Park Natchez Trace State Park is a state park located in western Tennessee. It was named for the Natchez Trace woodland path that was an important wilderness road during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The 48,000-plus acre park features several wilderness trails, camping, sporting, horse-back riding, and water front activities. Natchez Trace State Park gets its name from the Natchez Trace, a Natchez, Mississippi to Nashville, Tennessee woodland highway that was an important wilderness road for the American frontiersmen during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It had been in use as a trade

This is a document about Ravennaside
 Ravennaside Ravennaside, at 601 S. Union St. in Natchez, Mississippi, was built in 1902. It is Classical Revival in style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The property includes a barn, a blacksmith shop, and a cottage to the rear which are older and are associated with the history of Ravenna, on an adjacent property. It was home of Roane Fleming Byrnes (1890-1970), who was active in historic preservation and race relations and is also known for her promotion of the Natchez Trace Parkway. Ravennaside has been listed as having been built in c.1900.

This is a document about Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi
 line to New Orleans. Jackson is roughly halfway between New Orleans and Memphis, Tennessee. The highway maintains eight to ten lanes in northern part of city, six lanes in the center and four lanes south of I-20. U.S. Highway 49
Runs north-south from the Arkansas state line at Lula via Clarksdale and Yazoo City, towards Hattiesburg and Gulfport. It bypasses the city via I-20 and I-220 Mississippi Highway 18
Runs southwest towards Raymond, Utica, and Port Gibson; southeast towards Bay Springs and Quitman. In addition, Jackson is served by the Natchez Trace Parkway, which runs from Natchez to Nashville, Tennessee. JATRAN

This is a document about Jackson, Mississippi
 Gulfport. It bypasses the city via I-20 and I-220 Mississippi Highway 18Runs southwest towards Raymond and Port Gibson; southeast towards Bay Springs and Quitman. In addition, Jackson is served by the Natchez Trace Parkway, which runs from Natchez to Nashville, Tennessee. JATRAN (Jackson Transit System) operates hourly or half-hourly during daytime hours on weekdays, and mostly hourly on Saturdays. No evening or Sunday service provided. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Jackson. The Amtrak station is located at 300 West Capitol Street. The southbound "City of New Orleans" provides service from Jackson to New Orleans and some

This is a document about Forest Hills, Tennessee
 River to New Orleans to sell their goods. Prior to the invention of the steamboat, western settlers had no choice but to walk home through the wilderness to reach home. In order to provide an improved road, the Natchez Trace was constructed from Nashville to Natchez, Mississippi. Construction of the Natchez Trace began in 1802, and work continued on improving the road until it was officially declared complete in 1809. From the early 19th century to the 1820s, the Natchez Trace was the primary north/south route through central Tennessee. With the advent of steamboat travel, the use of the Natchez

This is a document about Williamson County, Tennessee
 Natchez Trace Parkway

This is a document about Tishomingo County, Mississippi
  Natchez Trace Parkway

This is a document about Mississippi State Highway System
  Natchez Trace Parkway starts in Natchez and ends at Nashville, Tennessee. The parkway is maintained by the National Park Service.

This is a document about Natchez Trace Parkway
  The Natchez Trace Parkway is a national parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Natchez Trace and preserves sections of that original trail. Its central feature is a two-lane road that extends 444 miles (715 km) from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. Access to the parkway is limited, with more than fifty access points in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. The southern end of the route is in Natchez at its intersection with Liberty Road, and the northern end is northeast of Fairview, Tennessee, in the suburban community of Pasquo, at an intersection with Tennessee State Route 100. In addition to Natchez and Nashville, larger cities along the route include Jackson and Tupelo, Mississippi, and Florence, Alabama.

The Natchez Trace Parkway begins in Natchez, Mississippi, and ends in Nashville, Tennessee. It is a 444-mile (715 km) parkway that preserves and commemorates the historic Natchez Trace, a historic trail that connected the Cumberland River in Tennessee with the Mississippi River in Louisiana.


Question: when did the commodore vic 20 come out

Answer: in 1980

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
 Commodore VIC-20 The VIC-20 (in Germany, VC-20; in Japan, VIC-1001) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in 1980, roughly three years after Commodore's first personal computer, the PET. The VIC-20 was the first computer of any description to sell one million units. The VIC-20 has been described as "one of the first anti-spectatorial, non-esoteric computers by design...no longer relegated to hobbyist/enthusiasts or those with money, the computer Commodore developed was the computer of the future." The VIC-20 was intended to be more economical than the PET computer. It was equipped

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
 more powerful platforms, became available for the VIC-20 in 2013. The VIC-20 was called "VC-20" in Germany because the pronunciation of "VIC" with a German accent as well as its codename "Vixen" both sound like German curse words. The term "VC" was marketed as though it was an abbreviation of "VolksComputer" ("people's computer", similar to Volkswagen, Volksempfänger etc.) "BYTE" in 1983 published a series of technical articles about the VIC-20: Commodore VIC-20 The VIC-20 (in Germany, VC-20; in Japan, VIC-1001) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in 1980, roughly three

This is a document about History of science and technology in Japan
 with a built-in hard disk drive. Yash Terakura's team at Commodore Japan was responsible for designing the color PET in 1979 and the VIC-20 (VIC-1001) in 1980. In 1981, the Commodore MAX Machine was developed by a team led by Yashi Terakura at Commodore Japan in 1981, and was a predecessor to the popular Commodore 64. Also in 1981, Terakura designed the Commodore 64, along with Shiraz Shivji. In 1982, NEC introduced the PC-9800 series, which went on to sell 18 million units. An early example of 3D computer graphics software for personal computers is "3D Art Graphics", a set

This is a document about Adventure International
 from fantasy to horror and sometimes science fiction. Some of the later games were written by Scott Adams with other collaborators (such as Philip Case). In 1980, five of the company's games were ported to the Commodore VIC-20. Developer Neil Harris recalled: "[O]ur sales guys could not figure out what they were gonna do with them. 'What are these games? It's all words on the screen! There's no graphics! What kind of a video game doesn't have video?' [laughs] And they became the best-selling cartridges for the VIC-20, period." Fourteen games later, Adventure International began to release games drawn from

This is a document about KERNAL
 default output device (e.g., the display screen). The KERNAL was known as "kernel" inside of Commodore since the PET days, but in 1980 Robert Russell misspelled the word as "kernal" in his notebooks. When Commodore technical writers Neil Harris and Andy Finkel collected Russell's notes and used them as the basis for the VIC-20 programmer's manual, the misspelling followed them along and stuck. According to early Commodore myth, and reported by writer/programmer Jim Butterfield among others, the "word" KERNAL is an acronym (or maybe more likely, a backronym) standing for "Keyboard Entry Read, Network, And Link", which in fact makes

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
  The Commodore VIC-20 (known as the VC-20 in Germany and the VIC-1001 in Japan) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in 1980, roughly three years after Commodore's first personal computer, the PET. The VIC-20 was the first computer of any description to sell one million units. It was described as "one of the first anti-spectatorial, non-esoteric computers by design...no longer relegated to hobbyist/enthusiasts or those with money, the computer Commodore developed was the computer of the future." The VIC-20 was called VC-20 in Germany because the pronunciation of VIC with a German accent sounds like the German expletives "fick" or "wichsen". The term VC was marketed as though it was an abbreviation of VolksComputer ("people's computer," similar to Volkswagen and Volksempfänger).

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
  The VIC-20 was a bestselling computer, becoming the first personal computer to sell over a million. In total, 2.5 million computers were manufactured. In summer 1982, Commodore unveiled the Commodore 64, a more advanced machine with 64 KB of RAM and considerably improved sound and graphics. Initial sales of the C64 were slow, but took off in mid-1983. The VIC-20 was widely available for under $90 by that time. Commodore discontinued the VIC-20 in January 1985. Perhaps the last new commercially available VIC-20 peripheral was the VIC-Talker, a speech synthesizer. Ahoy! wrote in January 1986, "Believe it or not, a new VIC accessory...We were as surprised as you."

This is a document about Commodore Plus/4
  In the early 1980s, Commodore found itself engaged in a price war in the home computer market. Companies like Texas Instruments and Timex Corporation were releasing computers that undercut the price of Commodore's PET line. Commodore's MOS Technology division had designed a video chip but could not find any third-party buyers. The VIC-20 resulted from the confluence of these events and it was introduced in 1980 at a list price of $299.95. Later, spurred by the competition, Commodore was able to reduce the VIC's street price to $99, and it became the first computer (of any kind) to sell over 1 million units. The

This is a document about History of personal computers
  Realizing that the PET could not easily compete with color machines like the Apple II and Atari, Commodore introduced the VIC-20 in 1980 to address the home market. The tiny 5 kB memory and its relatively limited display in comparison to those machines was offset by a low and ever falling price. Millions of VIC-20s were sold. The best-selling personal computer of all time was released by Commodore International in 1982. The Commodore 64 sold over 17 million units before its end. The C64 name derived from its 64kb of RAM. It used the 6510 microprocessor, a variant of the 6502. MOS Technology, Inc. was then owned by Commodore.

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
  The VIC-20 went through several variations in its three and a half years of production. First-year models (1981) had a PET-style keyboard with a blocky font while most VIC-20s made during 1982 had a slightly different keyboard also shared with early C64s. The rainbow logo VIC-20 was introduced in early 1983 and has the newer C64 keyboard with gray function keys and the Revision B motherboard. It has a similar power supply to the C64 PSU, although the amperage is slightly lower. A C64 "black brick" PSU is compatible with Revision B VIC-20s; however, the VIC's PSU is not recommended on a C64 if any external devices, such as cartridges or user port accessories, are installed, as it will overdraw the available power. Older Revision A VIC-20s cannot use a C64 PSU or vice versa as their power requirement is too high.

This is a document about Commodore MAX Machine
  The Commodore MAX Machine, also known as Ultimax in the United States and Canada and VC-10 in Germany, is a home computer designed and sold by Commodore International in Japan, beginning in early 1982, a predecessor to the popular Commodore 64. The Commodore 64 manual mentions the machine by name, suggesting that Commodore intended to sell the machine internationally; however, it is unclear whether the machine was ever actually sold outside Japan. When it was officially presented, in Tokyo, for the first time, it was named Commodore VICKEY. It is considered a rarity. Software was loaded from plug-in cartridges and the unit had a membrane keyboard and 2.0 KiB of RAM internally and 0.5 KiB of color RAM (1024 × 4 bits). It used a television set for a display. It used the same chipset and 6510 CPU as the Commodore

This is a document about Atari, Inc.
  Vic-20. A short-lived Atari Electronics division was created to make electronic games that ran from 1979 to 1981. They successfully released one product, a handheld version of Atari's arcade Touch Me game, which played similar to Simon, in 1979. The division began work on Cosmos, a system that was to combine LED lights and a holographic screen. Atari had promoted the game at the 1981 CES, but following Alcorn's departure in 1981, opted not to follow through on making it and closed down the Electronics division. Moving into 1980, the VCS still lacked a system-selling game. After Space Invaders had hit arcades in

This is a document about Holden Commodore (VT)
  2000 games) ; 2000 Calais International (marketing package). The VT series was officially announced on 26 August 1997 and went on sale on 5 September replacing the VS Commodore. Its only major update, marketed as the VT Series II, was launched on 1 June 1999 and sold until October 2000, when the VX series was launched as its replacement. The original 1997 VT range was introduced with a range of six models comprising: (Unverified but is believed to exist by many enthusiast, not including Kris.) In terms of major features and options: The Berlina and Calais luxury models were not

This is a document about Commodore International
  on the market". The author of Programming the PET/CBM (1982) stated in its introduction that "CBM's product manuals are widely recognized to be unhelpful; this is one of the reasons for the existence of this book." Commodore reemphasized the US market with the VIC-20. The PET computer line was used primarily in schools, where its tough all-metal construction and ability to share printers and disk drives on a simple local area network were advantages, but PETs did not compete well in the home setting where graphics and sound were important. This was addressed with the VIC-20 in 1981, which was introduced at a cost of US$299 and sold in retail

This is a document about Commodore International
  the Commodore 64, (also referred to as C64), possessed remarkable sound and graphics for its time and is often credited with starting the computer demo scene. Its US$595 price was high compared with that of the VIC-20, but it was still much less expensive than any other 64K computer on the market. Early C64 advertisements boasted, "You can't buy a better computer at twice the price." Australian adverts in the mid-1980s used a tune speaking the words "Are you keeping up with the Commodore? Because the Commodore is keeping up with you." In 1983, Tramiel decided to focus on market share and cut the price of the VIC-20 and C64

This is a document about Commodore VIC-20
  and left the company with other engineers, so an engineering team in Commodore Japan led by Yash Terakura helped finish the design. The VIC-20 was marketed in Japan as VIC-1001 before VIC-20 was introduced to the US. When they returned to California from that meeting, Tomczyk wrote a 30-page memo detailing recommendations for the new computer, and presented it to Tramiel. Recommendations included programmable function keys (inspired by competing Japanese computers), full-size typewriter-style keys, and built-in RS-232. Tomczyk insisted on "user-friendliness" as the prime directive for the new computer, to engineer Terakura, and proposed a retail price of US$299.95. He recruited a marketing team

This is a document about Commodore 64
  The Commodore 64, also known as the C64 or the CBM 64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, January 7–10, 1982, in Las Vegas). It has been listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest-selling single computer model of all time, with independent estimates placing the number sold between 12.5 and 17 million units. Volume production started in early 1982, marketing in August for US$595 1982. Preceded by the Commodore VIC-20 and Commodore PET, the C64 took its name from its 64 kilobytes (65,536 bytes) of RAM. With support for multicolor sprites and a custom chip

This is a document about MOS Technology VIC
  the PAL machine ) ; 4 channel sound system (3 square wave + "white" noise + global volume setting) ; on-chip DMA ; two 8-bit analog-to-digital converter ; light pen support  The VIC (Video Interface Chip), specifically known as the MOS Technology 6560 (NTSC version) / 6561 (PAL version), is the integrated circuit chip responsible for generating video graphics and sound in the Commodore VIC-20 home computer. It was originally designed for applications such as low cost CRT terminals, biomedical monitors, control system displays and arcade or home video game consoles. The chip was designed by Al Charpentier in 1977 but Commodore could

This is a document about Commodore International
  Commodore bought aggressive advertisements featuring William Shatner asking consumers "Why buy just a video game?" The strategy worked and the VIC-20 became the first computer to ship more than one million units. A total of 2.5 million units were sold over the machine's lifetime and helped Commodore's sales to Canadian schools. In another promotion aimed at schools (and as a way of getting rid of old unsold inventory), some PET models labeled "Teacher's PET" were given away as part of a "buy 2 get 1 free" promotion. In 1982, Commodore introduced the Commodore 64 as the successor to the VIC-20. Thanks to a well-designed set of chips designed by MOS

The Commodore VIC-20 was announced in 1980 and sold by the end of that year.


Question: which countries were considered superpowers after world war ii

Answer: the Soviet Union

This is a document about Great power
 were three superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But after World War II the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers. The term middle power has emerged for those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs. Regional powers are those whose influence is generally confined to their region of the world. During the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their

This is a document about History of Western civilization
 stopped Fascism from dominating the globe, and after the war, Fascism was all but extinct as an ideology. The world's balance of power also shifted, with the United States and Soviet Union being the world's two superpowers. Following World War II, the great colonial empires established by the Western powers beginning in early modern times began to collapse. There were several reasons for this. Firstly, World War II had devastated European economies and had forced governments to spend great deals of money, making the price of colonial administration increasingly hard to manage. Secondly, the two new superpowers following the war,

This is a document about World War II by country
 of Hiroshima, the USSR joined the war against Japan. The Soviet Union, as one of the main victors, gained one of the permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council. After the war, the Soviet sphere of influence was widened to cover most of Eastern Europe, formalized in the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union came to be considered one of the two superpowers of the Cold War. Armenia was spared the devastation and destruction that wrought most of the western Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War of World War II. The Nazis never reached the South Caucasus. Armenia had

This is a document about Moon landing
 political context of its historical era. World War II had introduced many new and deadly innovations including blitzkrieg-style surprise attacks used in the invasion of Poland and in the attack on Pearl Harbor; the V-2 rocket, a ballistic missile which killed thousands in attacks on London and Antwerp; and the atom bomb, which killed hundreds of thousands in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the 1950s, tensions mounted between the two ideologically opposed superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union that had emerged as victors in the conflict, particularly after the development by both countries of

This is a document about History of foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
 the developed world often have been subordinate to its relations with the superpowers. In the 1950s China considered most West European countries "lackeys" of United States imperialism, while it sided with Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. As China's relations with the superpowers have changed, so have its ties with other developed nations. An example of this is that more than a dozen developed countries, including the Germany, Spain, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, all established diplomatic relations with China after the Sino-American rapprochement in the early 1970s. The developed nations have been important to China for several reasons: as

This is a document about Göttingen Manifesto
 the United States. After World War II the Cold War began. Germany was divided, and both German states were frontier states in the Cold War. After the Korean War (1950 - 1953), West Germany founded its own army, the Bundeswehr, in 1955. There were many protests against the remilitarisation of West Germany. A few months after the foundation of the West German army, the Eastern German state founded an army, too. In 1953 the hydrogen bomb was invented. A short time later both superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, had a so-called overkill potential. In the whole world

This is a document about Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
 deployment of the SS-18 missile. It perceived its own involvement as essential to the solution of any major international problem. Meanwhile, the Cold War gave way to "Détente" and a more complicated pattern of international relations in which the world was no longer clearly split into two clearly opposed blocs. Less powerful countries had more room to assert their independence, and the two superpowers were partially able to recognize their common interest in trying to check the further spread and proliferation of nuclear weapons ("see" SALT I, SALT II, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty). Elsewhere the Soviet Union had concluded friendship and

This is a document about History of the world
 humanity were put at risk of nuclear war between the two superpowers, as demonstrated by many incidents, most prominently the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Such war being viewed as impractical, the superpowers instead waged proxy wars in non-nuclear-armed Third World countries. In China, Mao Zedong implemented industrialization and collectivization reforms as part of the Great Leap Forward (1958–62), leading to the starvation deaths (1959–61) of tens of millions of people. The Cold War ended in 1991, when the Soviet Union disintegrated, in part due to inability to compete economically with the United States and western Europe. However, the United

This is a document about Pax Americana
 relations between nations and establishing the veto power for the permanent members of the UN Security Council, which included the United States. In the second half of the 20th century, the USSR and US superpowers were engaged in the Cold War, which can be seen as a struggle between hegemonies for global dominance. After 1945, the United States enjoyed an advantageous position with respect to the rest of the industrialized world. In the Post–World War II economic expansion, the US was responsible for half of global industrial output, held 80 percent of the world's gold reserves, and was the world's

This is a document about Arms race
 A nuclear arms race developed during the Cold War, an intense period between the Soviet Union and the United States and some other countries. This was one of the main causes that began the cold war, and perceived advantages of the adversary by both sides (such as the "missile gap" and “bomber gap”) led to large spending on armaments and the stockpiling of vast nuclear arsenals. Proxy wars were fought all over the world (e.g. in the Middle East, Korea, Vietnam) in which the superpowers' conventional weapons were pitted against each other. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and

This is a document about Aftermath of World War II
 Aftermath of World War II The Aftermath of World War II was the beginning of an era defined by the decline of all European colonial empires and the simultaneous rise of two superpowers: the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (USA). Allies during World War II, the USA and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared hot war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall

This is a document about Protests against the Iraq War
 Protests against the Iraq War Beginning in 2002, and continuing after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, large-scale protests against the Iraq War were held in many cities worldwide, often coordinated to occur simultaneously around the world. After the biggest series of demonstrations, on February 15, 2003, "New York Times" writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were two superpowers on the planet: the United States and worldwide public opinion. These demonstrations against the war were mainly organized by anti-war organizations, many of whom had been formed in opposition to the invasion of Afghanistan. In some Arab countries demonstrations

This is a document about Superpower
 that moment) three states that were superpowers: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The British Empire was the most extensive empire in world history and considered the foremost great power, holding sway over 25% of the world's population and controlling about 25% of the Earth's total land area, while the United States and the Soviet Union grew in power before and during World War II. According to Lyman Miller, "The basic components of superpower stature may be measured along four axes of power: military, economic, political, and cultural (or what political scientist Joseph Nye has termed

This is a document about Aerial warfare
 combat to shoot down the recon planes. Aircraft continued to carry out these roles during World War I, but the use of planes and zeppelins for strategic bombing emerged in World War I. During World War II, the use of strategic bombing increased. Also during World War II, Nazi Germany developed many missile and precision-guided munition systems, including the first cruise missile, the first short-range ballistic missile, the first guided surface-to-air missiles, and the first anti-ship missiles. Ballistic missiles became of key importance during the Cold War, were armed with nuclear warheads, and were stockpiled by the superpowers—the United States

This is a document about Superpower
 yet to fully recover from the 1991 crash. Superpower Superpower is a term used to describe a state with a dominant position, which is characterised by its extensive ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale. This is done through the combined-means of economic, military, technological and cultural strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence. Traditionally, superpowers are preeminent among the great powers. The term was first applied post World War II to the British Empire, the United States and the Soviet Union. However, after the end of World War II and the Suez Crisis

This is a document about Superpower
 Superpower Superpower is a term used to describe a state with a dominant position, which is characterised by its extensive ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale. This is done through the combined-means of economic, military, technological and cultural strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence. Traditionally, superpowers are preeminent among the great powers. The term was first applied post World War II to the British Empire, the United States and the Soviet Union. However, after the end of World War II and the Suez Crisis in 1956, the United Kingdom's status as a

This is a document about Post–Cold War era
 Many other third world countries who had seen involvement from the United States and/or the Soviet Union were also able to resolve political conflicts with the removal of the ideological interests of these superpowers. As a result of the apparent victory of democracy and capitalism in the Cold War, many more countries adapted these systems, which also allowed them access to the benefits of global trade, as economic power became more prominent than military power in the international arena. However, as the United States maintained global power, its role in many Regime Changes during the Cold War went mostly officially

This is a document about History of Russia
 Union opposed the United States in a number of proxy conflicts all over the world, including the Korean War and Vietnam War. As the Soviet Union continued to maintain tight control over its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, the Cold War gave way to "Détente" and a more complicated pattern of international relations in the 1970s in which the world was no longer clearly split into two clearly opposed blocs. Less powerful countries had more room to assert their independence, and the two superpowers were partially able to recognize their common interest in trying to check the further spread

This is a document about 1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection
 rejection of Great Power consultations, the two superpowers negotiated bilaterally on the Secretary-Generalship. Soviet ambassador Valerian Zorin met with U.S. ambassador Adlai Stevenson II on 29 September 1961, and the superpowers moved closer to agreement over the next week. The Soviet Union agreed to select a single Acting Secretary-General, and the United States dropped Mongi Slim in favor of U Thant. The Arab countries were also willing to accept Thant, even though Burma had diplomatic relations with Israel. The principal opposition to Thant came from Western Europe, Latin America, and the French-speaking countries of Africa. Although the superpowers had quickly

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the two superpowers.


Question: who does barry allen marry in the flash comics

Answer: Iris

This is a document about Flash (Barry Allen)
 revealed his identity to her of his own free will with Moreno's persuasion. Iris was eventually revealed to have been sent as a child from the 30th century and adopted. In the 1980s, Flash's life begins to collapse. Iris is murdered by Professor Zoom (a supervillain from the 25th century who had long loved her and been jealous of Allen), and when Allen prepares to marry another woman, Zoom tries the same trick again. Allen stops him, killing Zoom in the process by breaking his neck. Unfortunately, when Barry is unable to make an appearance at his own wedding, his

This is a document about Tornado Twins
 Tornado Twins The Tornado Twins are superheroes in the DC Comics Universe. The twins are Don Allen and Dawn Allen, the children of Barry Allen (the second Flash) and Iris West-Allen. They first appeared in "Adventure Comics" #373 (October 1968). In their first appearance, the twins are 30th century descendants of Barry Allen. They temporarily gain super-speed powers during "Flash Day", a ceremony honoring their ancestors. After the events of "Crisis on Infinite Earths", the history of the DC Universe is changed. In this new continuity, Barry Allen briefly joins his wife Iris in the 30th century, where the two

This is a document about Flash in other media
 Flash" was a live action television series on CBS that starred John Wesley Shipp and Amanda Pays. The Flash featured in the series was an amalgamation of the silver-age Flash, Barry Allen, and the modern-age Wally West. The only resemblance between the TV Barry Allen Flash and the comic book Barry Allen Flash were his name, his profession as a forensic scientist, and his love interest Iris West played by Paula Marshall (who was very short lived as a love interest in the television series). In this version, while working as police detective, Barry was working in the crime lab

This is a document about The Flash (season 5)
 third season. The season establishes that Nora's alias is XS, making her an amalgamation of the XS from DC Comics, Jenni Ognats, and Barry and Iris' daughter in the comics, Dawn Allen. In July, Chris Klein also joined the main cast as Orlin Dwyer / Cicada, the season's main antagonist. In October, it was announced that Martin would take a "medical leave" from the series due to a back injury he sustained over the hiatus. The season introduces a new Flash suit, which Todd Helbing described as the series' most "accurate incarnation" of the Flash suit from the comics. The

This is a document about Flash (comics)
 life for the universe in the 1985 maxi-series "Crisis on Infinite Earths", and remained dead for over twenty years after that story's publication. With the 2008 series "Final Crisis", Barry returned to the DC Universe and returned to full prominence as the Flash in the 2009 series "", which was soon after followed by a new volume of "The Flash" ongoing series, where Barry's adventures as the Scarlet Speedster are currently published. Wallace Rudolph "Wally" West is the nephew of both Iris West and Barry Allen, by marriage, and was introduced in "The Flash" (vol. 1) #110 (1959). When West

This is a document about Flash (Barry Allen)
 being absent-minded and his devotion to crime-solving. One night, as he is working late, a lightning bolt shatters a case full of chemicals and spills all over Barry. As a result, Allen finds that he can run extremely fast and has matching reflexes and senses. He dons a set of red tights sporting a lightning bolt (reminiscent of the original Fawcett Comics Captain Marvel), dubs himself the Flash (after his childhood comic book hero, Jay Garrick), and becomes Central City's resident costumed crimefighter. Central City University professor Ira West (Iris' adoptive father) designed Allen's costume and the ring which stores

This is a document about Flash (comics)
 character was nowhere to be seen. He is back as the Flash in DC Rebirth and joined the Titans. Bartholomew Henry "Bart" Allen II is the grandson of Barry Allen and his wife Iris. Bart suffered from accelerated aging and, as a result, was raised in a virtual reality machine until Iris took him back in time to get help from the then-current Flash, Wally West. With Wally's help, Bart's aging slowed, and he took the name Impulse. After he was shot in the knee by Deathstroke, Bart changed both his attitude and his costume, taking the mantle of Kid

This is a document about Flash (Barry Allen)
 Boomerang", Boomerang responds by throwing dozens of boomerangs in every direction. One of them hits the glass and it begins to break. Top tells Flash to stop the Mirror Lords, while he goes and protects Iris. Flash questions does not make sense, but Top throws him into the mirror and flees. In the mirror, Flash is exposed to strange visions of his mother. Outside, the Rogue Mirror Master tells the others that the mirror is actually a slow acting poison and they flee. Barry escapes the mirror confused and asks, "Where are the Mirror Lords?" He is then arrested by

This is a document about 1960s in comics
 The Flash #165: Barry Allen marries Iris West (DC Comics).

This is a document about Flash (Barry Allen)
  to see his wife Iris and save her from the slavery of the Anti-Life Equation. Seeing his wife again for the first time in years, Barry is overcome with emotion and gives his brainwashed wife a deep kiss. While kissing her, the Speed Force sparkles out of his body, enveloping Iris and freeing her from the Equation. The Allens and Wally West are left to fend in a conquered world. In the seventh and final issue of Final Crisis, Barry and Wally lead the Black Racer to Darkseid, dealing the cosmic tyrant a blow that, coupled with Batman shooting him in the shoulder with the god-bullet, would facilitate his ultimate defeat.

This is a document about Barry Allen (Arrowverse)
  Barry and Iris's relationship has often been compared to Superman and Lois Lane, she is introduced as his one true love. Barry and Iris were close friends since they were 10 years old, this friendship escalates after Barry's mother is murdered and Barry was adopted by Iris's father Joe West, becoming her adoptive brother. It is revealed in the first season that Barry is in love with Iris while Iris still sees him as a brother. It is later shown that a newspaper article is written by Iris West-Allen in 2024, thus indicating their future romance and marriage. Iris and Barry's relationship changes due to alterations of the timeline when Barry time travels, however, their love seems to always prevail and they are eventually married, Barry says in his wedding vows "That's you. You’ve always been there, as a friend, as a partner, as the love of my life. You’re my home, Iris, and that's one thing that will never change.". The end of season four reveals that, in one timeline, Iris and Barry have 2 children named Nora and Bart in the future.

This is a document about The Flash (comic book)
  shared universe. This brought about a new concept in the formative stage of what would become the DC Universe, and gave birth to the current conceptualization featuring it as a multiverse. Barry Allen married his longtime love interest Iris West in issue #165 (November 1966). Infantino's last issue was #174 (November 1967) and the next issue saw Ross Andru become the new artist of the series as well as featuring the second race between the Flash and Superman, two characters known for their super-speed powers. The series presented metafictional stories featuring comics creators appearing within the Flash's adventures such as the "Flash — Fact Or Fiction" in issue #179 in which the Flash finds himself

This is a document about Flash of Two Worlds
  the Flash years earlier, the year his comic book series was canceled on Earth-One, and married his longtime girlfriend, Joan Williams. Barry claims Gardner Fox's thoughts must have been tuned in to the events of Earth-Two. Garrick says he is preparing to resume being the Flash and describes for Barry three incredible crimes that were committed recently. These thefts were perpetrated by three of Jay's former adversaries, the Fiddler, the Shade, and the Thinker, who have joined forces. The Flashes split up, with Jay taking on the Thinker and Barry against the Shade, but they are unable to defeat them. The Flashes regroup and go after the Fiddler together, saving a man from a falling steel girder along the way. Shade and Thinker

This is a document about 1966 in comics
 The Flash #165: Barry Allen marries Iris West (DC Comics). ; The Amazing Spider-Man #42: Mary Jane Watson (cameo), first time her face is seen.

This is a document about Flash (Barry Allen)
  In time, he married his girlfriend Iris West, who learned of his double identity because Allen talked in his sleep. She kept this secret, and he eventually revealed his identity to her of his own free will with Moreno's persuasion. Iris was eventually revealed to have been sent as a child from the 30th century and adopted. In the 1980s, Flash's life begins to collapse. Iris is murdered by Professor Zoom (a supervillain from the 25th century who had long loved her and been jealous of Allen), and when Allen prepares to marry another woman, Zoom tries the same trick again. Allen stops him,

This is a document about Iris West
  their wedding night when Barry talks in his sleep. She reveals this to him on their first wedding anniversary. During this time, the couple discovers that Iris was born in the 30th century. After years as a prominent presence in the Flash's life and in Central City, his father was killed by Professor Zoom during a costume party. Zoom vibrated his hand into Iris’s head, solidifying it just enough to kill her. Years later, Barry killed Zoom while trying to prevent him from murdering his new fiancée, Fiona Webb. However, Iris did not stay dead for long as Iris'

This is a document about List of The Flash characters
  in the Speed Force. She was adamantly against bringing Barry back from the Speed Force thinking he was dead. After Barry returns with the help of Cisco and Caitlin, Barry and Iris' church wedding is interrupted by Earth-X invaders, and Barry and Iris are married by John Diggle. However, the DeVoes frame Barry for murder shortly after, leading Barry's friends to try to prove his innocence. In season five, Iris and Barry meet their future daughter Nora. Iris learns that her future self implanted a power dampener into Nora since infancy to hide her powers. She also discovers her future self, despite

This is a document about Patty Spivot
  Flash managed to change reality and create a new universe, bringing Patty back to life. In this new reality, Barry never marries with Iris West and enters a relationship with Patty. After the Future Flash incident, she breaks up with Barry and is never seen in the comics since.

This is a document about Barry Allen (Arrowverse)
  Team Flash rescues Barry out of the speed force prison and Barry is given a new suit. Barry and Iris attend couples therapy in attempts to mend their relationship. Barry along with Oliver, Kara, the Legends, and each of their respective teams repel a Nazi Invasion from Earth-X led by Thawne (who had returned from the dead due to being a living time paradox), and both Oliver and Kara's evil doppelgänger's after they attack during Barry and Iris wedding though the Invasion results in the death of Legends team member and Barry's old friend Martin Stein/Firestorm. Following the invasion, both couples Barry and Iris along with Oliver and Felicity are married together side-by-side by Diggle. Barry and

Barry Allen marries Iris West in the Flash comics. However, it's important to note that there have been different versions of Barry Allen and Iris West in various comic storylines, and some of them have had different relationships or no marriage at all. The information provided in the text mentions that Barry Allen and Iris West marry in the 30th Century, but it's not clear if this is the same Barry Allen from the main DC Universe continuity.


Question: where was the bill of rights written and signed

Answer: in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania

This is a document about United States Bill of Rights
 May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was purportedly intended only to revise the Articles, the intention of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The convention convened in the Pennsylvania State House, and George Washington of Virginia was unanimously elected as president of the convention. The 55 delegates who drafted the Constitution are among the men known as the Founding Fathers of the new nation. Thomas Jefferson, who was Minister to France

This is a document about United States Bill of Rights
  George Washington had fourteen handwritten copies of the Bill of Rights made, one for Congress and one for each of the original thirteen states. The copies for Georgia, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania went missing. The New York copy is thought to have been destroyed in a fire. Two unidentified copies of the missing four (thought to be the Georgia and Maryland copies) survive; one is in the National Archives, and the other is in the New York Public Library. North Carolina's copy was stolen from the State Capitol by a Union soldier following the Civil War. In an FBI sting operation, it was recovered in 2003. The copy retained by the First Congress has been on display (along with the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence) in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom room at the National Archives Building

This is a document about United States Bill of Rights
  The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and

This is a document about Bad Compilation Tapes
 The Bill Of Rights

This is a document about National Archives facilities
   The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Emancipation Proclamation, and collections of photography and other historically

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  There are several versions of the text of the Second Amendment, each with capitalization or punctuation differences. Differences exist between the version passed by Congress and put on display and the versions ratified by the states. These differences have been a focus of debate regarding the meaning of the amendment, particularly regarding the importance of what the courts have called the prefatory clause. The final, handwritten original of the Bill of Rights as passed by Congress, with the rest of the original prepared by scribe William Lambert, is preserved in the National Archives. This is the version ratified by Delaware and used by the Supreme Court in District of Columbia v. Heller: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  the Constitution to add a bill of rights following the Constitution's adoption. This compromise persuaded enough Anti-federalists to vote for the Constitution, allowing for ratification. The Constitution was declared ratified on June 21, 1788, when nine of the original thirteen states had ratified it. The remaining four states later followed suit, although the last two states, North Carolina and Rhode Island, ratified only after Congress had passed the Bill of Rights and sent it to the states for ratification. James Madison drafted what ultimately became the Bill of Rights, which was proposed by the first Congress on June 8, 1789, and was adopted on December 15, 1791.

This is a document about Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
  The United States Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the United States Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts enumerated in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill

This is a document about New York Bill of Rights
  The New York Bill of Rights is a statutory bill of rights enacted in 1787 in the U.S. state of New York.

This is a document about Virginia Declaration of Rights
  The Virginia Declaration of Rights heavily influenced later documents. The Committee of Five is thought to have drawn on it when they drafted the United States Declaration of Independence in the same month (June 1776). James Madison was also influenced by the Declaration while drafting the Bill of Rights (introduced September 1789, ratified 1791). The Virginia Declaration of Rights was one of the earliest documents to emphasize the protection of individual rights, rather than protecting only members of Parliament or consisting of simple laws that can be changed as easily as passed. For instance, it was the first declaration of rights

This is a document about United States Bill of Rights
  New York Convention proposed to ratify, feeling confident that the states would call for new amendments using the convention procedure in Article V, rather than making this a condition of ratification by New York. John Jay wrote the New York Circular Letter calling for the use of this procedure, which was then sent to all the States. The legislatures in New York and Virginia passed resolutions calling for the convention to propose amendments that had been demanded by the States while several other states tabled the matter to consider in a future legislative session. Madison wrote the Bill of Rights partially in response to this action from the States.

This is a document about History of New York City
  New York and made it their base on the continent until late 1783, attracting Loyalist refugees. The city served as the national capital under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789, and briefly served as the new nation's capital in 1789–90 under the United States Constitution. Under the new government the city hosted the inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first Supreme Court of the United States. The opening of the Erie Canal gave excellent steamboat connections with upstate New York and the Great Lakes, along with coastal traffic to lower New England, making the city the preeminent port

This is a document about Bill of Rights 1689
  turmoil that had convulsed Scotland, England and Ireland in the 17th century. The Bill of Rights (1689) reinforced the Petition of Right (1628) and the Habeas Corpus Act (1679) by codifying certain rights and liberties. Described by William Blackstone as Fundamental Laws of England, the rights expressed in these Acts became associated with the idea of the rights of Englishmen. The Bill of Rights directly influenced the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, which in turn influenced the Declaration of Independence. Although not a comprehensive statement of civil and political liberties, the Bill of Rights stands as one of the landmark documents in the

This is a document about William Lambert (writer)
  William Lambert was the Engrosser or Penman of the United States Bill of Rights whose hand-written copy of the Bill of Rights hangs in the US National Archives. William Lambert served as a congressional clerk at the time of the drafting of the Bill of Rights. During the 1820s, Lambert was a member of the prestigious society, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known military representatives, government service persons, medical practitioners, and practitioners of other professions.

This is a document about Constitution of the United States
   The signing of the United States Constitution occurred on September 17, 1787, when 39 delegates to the Constitutional Convention endorsed the constitution created during the convention. In addition to signatures, this closing endorsement, the Constitution's eschatocol, included a brief declaration that the delegates' work has been successfully completed and that those whose signatures appear on it subscribe to the final document. Included are a statement pronouncing the document's adoption by the states present, a formulaic dating of its adoption, and the signatures of those endorsing it. Additionally, the convention's secretary, William Jackson, added a note to verify four amendments made by hand to the final document, and signed the note to authenticate its validity. The language of the concluding endorsement, conceived

This is a document about George Mason
  and independent" were later reproduced in state constitutions from Pennsylvania to Montana; Jefferson tweaked the prose and included the sentiments in the Declaration of Independence. In 1778, Mason wrote that the Declaration of Rights "was closely imitated by the other United States". This was true, as seven of the original states, and Vermont, joined Virginia in promulgating a bill of rights. Four in addition specified rights that were protected, within the body of their constitutions. Feelings were so strong in Massachusetts that voters there in 1778 rejected a constitution drafted by a convention, insisting that a bill of rights had to come first.

This is a document about George Mason
  adoption from being put forward. Edmund Randolph later recalled that Mason's draft "swallowed up all the rest". The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the 1776 Constitution of Virginia were joint works, but Mason was the main author. Mason likely worked closely with Thomas Ludwell Lee; the earliest surviving draft shows the first ten articles in Mason's handwriting, with the other two written by Lee. The draft for the Declaration of Rights drew on Magna Carta, the English Petition of Right of 1628, and that nation's 1689 Bill of Rights. Mason's first article would be paraphrased by Jefferson soon after in drafting the American

This is a document about Congressional Apportionment Amendment
 1) New Jersey: November 20, 1789 ; 2) Maryland: December 19, 1789 ; 3) North Carolina: December 22, 1789 ; 4) South Carolina: January 19, 1790 ; 5) New Hampshire: January 25, 1790 ; 6) New York: February 24, 1790 ; 7) Rhode Island: June 7, 1790 ; 8) Pennsylvania: September 21, 1791 (after rejecting it on March 10, 1790) ; 9) Virginia: November 3, 1791 ; 10) Vermont: November 3, 1791 ; 11) Kentucky: June 27, 1792 Having been approved by Congress, the twelve Bill of Rights amendments were sent to the states for ratification. This proposed amendment was the first listed of the twelve and was ratified by the

This is a document about Confederation Period
  that there would not be a constitutional convention to propose amendments, which many Federalists had feared would critically weaken the national government. The new federal government commenced operations with the seating of the 1st Congress in March 1789 and the inauguration of Washington the following month. In September 1789, Congress approved the United States Bill of Rights, a group of Constitutional amendments designed to protect individual liberties against federal interference, and the states ratified these amendments in 1791. After Congress voted for the Bill of Rights, North Carolina and Rhode Island ratified the Constitution in 1790 and 1791, respectively.

This is a document about Separation of church and state in the United States
  their signature the right of the people to follow their own conscience with regard to God - and the inability of government, or the illegality of government, to interfere with that." Given the wide diversity of opinion on Christian theological matters in the newly independent American States, the Constitutional Convention believed a government-sanctioned (established) religion would disrupt rather than bind the newly formed union together. George Washington wrote a letter in 1790 to the country's first Jewish congregation, the Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island to state: "Allowing rights and immunities of citizenship. It is now no more that toleration is spoken of, as if it were by the indulgence

The Bill of Rights was written and signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the Constitutional Convention in 1787.