Question: which musical is send in the clowns from

Answer: A Little Night Music

This is a document about Send In the Clowns
 Send In the Clowns "Send In the Clowns" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical "A Little Night Music", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film "Smiles of a Summer Night". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage proposals she had rejected. Meeting him after so long, she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready

This is a document about Send In the Clowns
 second DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is still played by the brass on special occasions. Send In the Clowns "Send In the Clowns" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical "A Little Night Music", an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's film "Smiles of a Summer Night". It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage

This is a document about Krusty Gets Busted
 and the animators tried to redo his scenes in "The Telltale Head" with the re-design, but did not have enough time. The script for "Krusty Gets Busted" called for James Earl Jones to voice Bob, but the producers instead went with Kelsey Grammer, a cast member on "Cheers" at the time. Kent Brockman, Judge Snyder, and Scott Christian make their first appearances on "The Simpsons" in this episode. Chief Wiggum's order during the suspect line-up to "send in the clowns" is an allusion to the Stephen Sondheim song "Send in the Clowns" from the 1973 musical "A Little Night Music".

This is a document about Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps
 the Vanguard Community Arts Initiative which provides music education programs to the community, including private music lessons and performing ensembles such as the SCV Big Band and the SCV Youth Brass Ensemble. Source: "Gold background indicates DCI Championship; pale blue background indicates DCI Class Finalist; pale green background indicates DCI semifinalist." SCV's corps song is Stephen Sondheim's "Send In the Clowns" from the musical "A Little Night Music." The corps first performed the song as part of the musical program in 1974, when the corps won its second DCI World Championship. Originally arranged by Gail Royer, the song is played

This is a document about A Little Night Music
 A Little Night Music A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film "Smiles of a Summer Night", it involves the romantic lives of several couples. Its title is a literal English translation of the German name for Mozart's Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major, "Eine kleine Nachtmusik". The musical includes the popular song "Send in the Clowns". Since its original 1973 Broadway production, the musical has enjoyed professional productions in the West End, by opera companies, in a 2009 Broadway revival,

This is a document about Glynis Johns
 Glynis Johns Glynis Johns (born 5 October 1923) is a retired Welsh stage, television and film actress, dancer, pianist, and singer. Born in Pretoria, South Africa while her parents were on tour, she is best known for creating the role of Desiree Armfeldt in "A Little Night Music" on Broadway, for which she won a Tony Award, and for playing Winifred Banks in Walt Disney's musical motion picture box office smash "Mary Poppins." In both roles, she sang songs written specifically for her, including "Send in the Clowns", composed by Stephen Sondheim, and "Sister Suffragette", written by the Sherman Brothers.

This is a document about A Little Night Music
 it as if she realizes her character's onstage billing -- "the one and only Desiree Armfeldt"—is cliched hyperbole. By figuratively rolling her eyes at the hype, Peters gives us a rich, warm and comedically human Desiree, which reaches full impact when she pierces the facade with a nakedly honest, tears-on-cheek 'Send in the Clowns.'" A Little Night Music A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film "Smiles of a Summer Night", it involves the romantic lives of several couples. Its title is a

This is a document about I Only Have Eyes for You (Johnny Mathis album)
 UK singles chart. "Send in the Clowns" originated in the 1973 Broadway musical "A Little Night Music" and won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. The hit version of the song by Judy Collins first peaked at number 36 pop, number eight Easy Listening, and number six in the UK upon its initial release in 1975, and the reissue of her recording in 1977 that coincided with the release of the film version of the musical in the US made it to number 19 pop and number 15 Easy Listening. "Every Time You Touch Me (I Get High)"

This is a document about Stephen Sondheim
 revivals on Broadway in 2001 and 2011. "A Little Night Music" (1973), with a more traditional plot based on Ingmar Bergman's "Smiles of a Summer Night" and a score primarily in waltz time, was one of the composer's greatest successes. "Time" magazine called it "Sondheim's most brilliant accomplishment to date". "Send in the Clowns", a song from the musical, was a hit for Judy Collins. "A Little Night Music" opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre on February 25, 1973 and closed on August 3, 1974, after 601 performances and 12 previews. It moved to the Majestic Theatre on September

This is a document about Frida ensam
 foreseen as the summer referred to must be the summer of 1975. With the exception of "Fernando", all the other songs are cover versions, showing Lyngstad's and Andersson's fairly eclectic taste in music. Besides dramatic Italian ballads like "Anima Mia" and "Vado Via", the album includes Lyngstad's interpretations of 10cc's "The Wall Street Shuffle" and David Bowie's "Life on Mars", sixties hits like The Beach Boys' "Wouldn't It Be Nice" and Gary Puckett & The Union Gap's "Young Girl", the country and western ballad "The Most Beautiful Girl", "Send in the Clowns" from Stephen Sondheim's musical "A Little Night Music"

This is a document about Madonna: Tears of a Clown
 the show started later at midnight. The show started with Madonna appearing onstage, in a clown's costume consisting of a billowing dress, pink and yellow stalkings, riding a tricycle and circled round it. She finally reached the front of the stage and fell down from the cycle. After conversing with the audience and throwing candy at them. Madonna started singing Stephen Sondheim's "Send in the Clowns", written originally for the 1973 musical, "A Little Night Music", with images from Charlie Chaplin films displayed on the backdrop. She continued with "Drowned World/Substitute for Love" while standing in the center. Three songs

This is a document about Josefina Gabrielle
 her performance. In May 2014, she joined the new cast of "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical" at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as Mrs. Teavee. In August and September 2017, Josefina took the lead role of Desirée in Sondheim's A Little Night Music at the Watermill Theatre, Newbury, performing the song "Send In The Clowns" to rapturous applause. Gabrielle has appeared in various straight plays and comedies, including Noël Coward's "", a series of one act plays ( "Red Peppers", "The Astonished Heart", "Family Album", "Hands Across the Sea", "Fumed Oak" and "Shadow Play" ) at Minerva Theatre,

This is a document about Sarah Vaughan
 and hated the album cover depicting a clown with an afro. She filed a lawsuit against Shad in 1975 on the belief that the cover was inconsistent with the formal, sophisticated image she projected on stage. She also contended that the album "Sarah Vaughan: Live at the Holiday Inn Lesotho" had an incorrect title and that Shad had been harming her career. Although she disliked the album, she liked the song "Send in the Clowns" written by Steven Sondheim for the musical "A Little Night Music". She learned it on piano, made many changes with the help of pianist Carl

This is a document about Glynis Johns
 Garrick Theatre in 1966. She appeared in various character roles in "Don't Just Stand There!" (1968) and "Lock Up Your Daughters" (1969), but worked increasingly on stage: "A Talent to Amuse" (1969), "Come As You Are" (1969–70) and "Marquise" (1971–72). Johns had a huge success appearing in "A Little Night Music" (1973). The song "Send in the Clowns" was written with her in mind. In 1973, she won a Tony award for her role in the musical. Her later film roles included "The Vault of Horror" (1973) and "The Happy Prince" (1974) but her focus was the stage: "Ring Round

This is a document about Portfolio (Grace Jones album)
 as the first of three albums made with the legendary disco record producer Tom Moulton. Side one of the original vinyl album is a continuous disco medley covering three songs from Broadway musicals, "Send in the Clowns" by Stephen Sondheim from "A Little Night Music", "What I Did for Love" from "A Chorus Line" and "Tomorrow" from "Annie". Side two opens with Jones' very personal re-interpretation of Édith Piaf's "La Vie en rose" and continues with three new recordings, two of which were co-written by Jones herself. The Italian release would omit "Sorry" and "That's the Trouble", adding an extended,

This is a document about William Daniels
 Broadway actor for decades afterwards. His Broadway credits include roles in "1776", "A Thousand Clowns", "On a Clear Day You Can See Forever", and "A Little Night Music". He received an Obie Award for "The Zoo Story" (1960). Daniels's motion picture debut was as a school principal in the 1963 anti-war drama film "Ladybug Ladybug". In 1965, he reprised his Broadway role as a child welfare worker in the screen version of "A Thousand Clowns". In 1967 he appeared in "The Graduate" as the father of Dustin Hoffman's character. In 1969, Daniels starred as John Adams in the Broadway musical

This is a document about Grace Jones
 and socialised with Giorgio Armani and Karl Lagerfeld. In 1973, Jones appeared on the cover of a reissue of Billy Paul's 1970 album "Ebony Woman". Jones was signed by Island Records, who put her in the studio with disco record producer, Tom Moulton. Moulton worked at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia, and "Portfolio", was released in 1977. The album featured three songs from Broadway musicals, "Send in the Clowns" by Stephen Sondheim from "A Little Night Music", "What I Did for Love" from "A Chorus Line" and "Tomorrow" from "Annie". The second side of the album opens up with a

This is a document about Send In the Clowns
  "Send In the Clowns" is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical A Little Night Music, an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman's 1955 film Smiles of a Summer Night. It is a ballad from Act Two, in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life. Among other things, she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik, who was deeply in love with her, but whose marriage proposals she had rejected. Meeting him after so long, she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready to marry him, but now it is he who rejects her: He is in an unconsummated marriage with a much younger woman.

This is a document about Fierce Invalids Home from Hot Climates
  a CD of Broadway tunes, which he listens to in both his darkest and most joyous moments. He is heard - or overheard - singing lines from one of Stephen Sondheim's most famous songs—"Send in the Clowns". His primary character trait is his obsession with innocence. He is willing to accept anything that anyone does, so long as it is pure - comes from that person's own experience and beliefs, as opposed to simply following orders, instructions, or creed. He cares little for the practice of religion, perceiving it as corrupt, but has studied the Bible, Qur'an, and various mythologies. The exception to this is Zen, which he practices vaguely

A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim.


Question: who wrote the songs for the lion king

Answer: Elton John

This is a document about The Lion King (soundtrack)
 The Lion King (soundtrack) The Lion King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1994 Disney animated film, "The Lion King". It contains songs from the film written by Elton John and Tim Rice, and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. Elton John has a dual role of performer for several tracks. Additional performers include Carmen Twillie, Jason Weaver, Rowan Atkinson, Whoopi Goldberg, Jeremy Irons, Cheech Marin, Jim Cummings, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, and Sally Dworsky. The album was released on April 27, 1994 on CD and audio cassette. The soundtrack was recorded in three

This is a document about Tarzan (musical)
 John, who composed the music for the songs in the movie version of The Lion King (with lyrics by stage veteran Tim Rice), left others to expand the score for Broadway, while Phil Collins, who wrote music and lyrics for the five songs in the 1999 Tarzan movie, wrote an additional nine for the Broadway show". Phil Collins sings a bonus track "Everything That I Am" at the end of the album. The album includes "all four of the 'old' Tarzan songs (Two Worlds, You'll Be In My Heart, Son Of Man and Strangers Like Me)". The album entered the

This is a document about Elton John
 the British animated television series of the same name. "Up The Revolution" was John's track, alongside contributions from George Harrison, the Bee Gees and Eric Clapton. The album was issued briefly, and only in the U.K. Along with Tim Rice, Elton John wrote the songs for the 1994 Disney animated film "The Lion King". At the 67th Academy Awards, three of the five nominees for the Academy Award for Best Song were from "The Lion King" soundtrack. John won the award with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight". Both that and "Circle of Life" became hit songs for John. "Can

This is a document about Tarzan (1999 film)
 Collins would perform the songs in the film serving as the narrator. The choice of Collins, a popular and well established adult contemporary artist, led to comparisons with Elton John's earlier music for "The Lion King". "Tarzan" was dubbed in thirty-five languages—the most for any Disney movie at the time, and Collins recorded his songs in French, Italian, German, and Spanish for the dubbed versions of the film's soundtrack. According to Collins, most of the songs he wrote for "Tarzan" came from improvisation sessions and his reactions while reading the treatment. Three of the songs he wrote, "Son of Man,"

This is a document about Tarzan (1999 film)
 Collins, comparing them unfavorably with Elton John's "showstoppers" for "The Lion King". He wrote "depriving the characters of big numbers weakens the movie". Ty Burr of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the soundtrack a B-, stating that it was awkwardly split between Collins's songs and the traditional score, was burdened by too many alternate versions of the tracks, and in some instances bore similarities to the scores of "The Lion King" and "Star Wars". "Tarzan" was also nominated for 11 Annie Awards, winning one in the category for Technical Achievement in the Field of Animation. The award was given to Eric Daniels,

This is a document about The Lion King (franchise)
 15 million copies to stores for the October 27 release date. The original motion picture soundtrack for the first film was released on June 13, 1994, two days before the film's release. It contains songs by songwriter Elton John and Tim Rice, who wrote five original songs, with Elton John performing "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" during the end credits. Additionally, "The Morning Report", a song which was not present in the original theatrical film, was later added to the IMAX theater and to the DVD Platinum Edition release. The film's score was composed by Hans Zimmer and supplemented

This is a document about The Lion King (soundtrack)
 2010, Rhapsody called it one of the all-time great Disney & Pixar Soundtracks. ! colspan="3" | Original album release ! colspan="3" | Original cast recording ! colspan="3" | Sing-Along shortform ! colspan="3" | Hans Zimmer Re-release ! scope="row" | Worldwide (IFPI) The Lion King (soundtrack) The Lion King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1994 Disney animated film, "The Lion King". It contains songs from the film written by Elton John and Tim Rice, and a score composed by Hans Zimmer. Elton John has a dual role of performer for several tracks. Additional performers

This is a document about The Lion King
 The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, and the fifth animated film produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. "The Lion King" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice

This is a document about Walt Disney Animation Studios
 of hiring celebrity actors and actresses to provide the voices of Disney characters, which had been explored to some degree with "The Jungle Book" and "Oliver & Company", but now became standard practice. In June 1994, Disney released "The Lion King", directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. An all-animal adventure set in Africa, "The Lion King" featured an all-star voice cast which included James Earl Jones, Matthew Broderick, and Jeremy Irons, with songs written by Tim Rice and pop star Elton John. "The Lion King" earned $768 million at the worldwide box office, to this date a record for

This is a document about The Madness of King Scar
 felt uncertain about the decision to add new material not found in the film to the musical, while others disagreed with the song's explicit content. In 2014, animator Eduardo Quintana created an animated sequence for the song for the 20th anniversary of the animated film. The video received positive reviews from media outlets, who found the animation quality to be on a professional level. "The Madness of King Scar" is one of three original songs that Elton John and Tim Rice had added for the musical adaptation of Disney's 1994 animated film "The Lion King". John had composed the music

This is a document about The Lion King
 Rice, who was working with composer Alan Menken on songs for "Aladdin", was invited to write the songs, and accepted on the condition of finding a composing partner. As Menken was unavailable, the producers accepted Rice's suggestion of Elton John, after Rice's invitation of ABBA fell through due to Benny Andersson being busy with the musical "Kristina från Duvemåla". John expressed an interest in writing "ultra-pop songs that kids would like; then adults can go and see those movies and get just as much pleasure out of them", mentioning a possible influence of "The Jungle Book", where he felt the

This is a document about The Lion King 1½
 and Guildenstern are Dead", which follows Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, two minor characters from Shakespeare's play "Hamlet", and details their experiences taking place during the same time as the events of "Hamlet", similar to what the film does with its predecessor, which has been similarly compared to "Hamlet". The film's soundtrack album contains 2 original songs; "Diggah Tunnah Dance," written by Lebo M., who helped write many of the songs for the original film, and "That's All I Need," written by Elton John and Tim Rice, who also worked on the first film. The latter song, which is performed by Nathan

This is a document about The Lion King
 "manipulat[ing] our responses at will", as "Between traumas, the movie serves up soothingly banal musical numbers and silly, rambunctious comedy". "The Lion King" received four Golden Globe Award and Oscar nominations. The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score, as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" by Elton John and Tim Rice. The songs "Circle of Life" and "Hakuna Matata" were also nominated. "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" also

This is a document about Shadowland (The Lion King)
  Disney decided that the five pop-oriented songs composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice had written for the animated film would be augmented by more exotic-sounding, percussive and African-influenced musical numbers for its stage adaptation. "Shadowland" was written by songwriters Lebo M., Hans Zimmer, and Mark Mancina, with Lebo and Zimmer composing its music, while both Lebo and Mancina wrote the song's lyrics. "Shadowland" is based on "Lea Halalela (Holy Land)", a song Zimmer and Lebo had originally written for the film that debuted on the Lion King-inspired concept album Rhythm of the Pride Lands (1995). The track itself is inspired by an orchestral theme

This is a document about The Lion King
  The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, and the fifth animated film produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. The Lion King was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor

This is a document about The Lion King
  in 2014. The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M. The use of the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" in a scene with Timon and Pumbaa led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled "Mbube") in 1939. In July 2004, Linda's family filed suit, seeking $1.6 million in royalties from Disney. In February 2006, Linda's heirs reached a legal settlement with Abilene Music, who held the worldwide rights and had licensed the song to Disney for an undisclosed amount of money.

This is a document about Endless Night (The Lion King song)
  "Endless Night" was composed by South African composer Lebo M., German composer Hans Zimmer, and American musician Jay Rifkin, and arranged by Mark A. Brymer. American theatre director Julie Taymor composed the lyrics, and had developed "Endless Night" as Simba's signature song for the musical. It was one of ten new songs composed for the musical production of the 1994 Disney animated film The Lion King. The melody was based on "Lala" from the 1995 soundtrack album Rhythm of the Pride Lands. Written in Zulu, "Lala" deals with the loss of a family member. Reflecting on the writing process, Taymor said compositions were selected from Rhythm of the Pride Lands for their mood not their lyrics. "Endless Night" was first performed

This is a document about Disney Renaissance
  Aladdin (1992) and The Lion King (1994) followed, respectively, with both films having the highest worldwide grosses of their respective release years. Aladdin was the highest-grossing animated film at the time of its release, but later became second after being surpassed by The Lion King, which became the highest-grossing animated film at the time and remains the highest-grossing traditionally animated film in history. Howard Ashman wrote several songs for Aladdin before his death, but only three were ultimately used in the film. Tim Rice ultimately joined the project and completed the score and songs with Alan Menken. Rice later went on to collaborate with Elton John and Hans Zimmer for The Lion King after ABBA had turned down the offer to write songs for the film. Both films won Academy Awards for Best Original Song ("Can You Feel the Love Tonight") and Best Original Score, and also

This is a document about The Lion King (2019 soundtrack)
  On September 28, 2016, it was announced that Jon Favreau would direct a remake of Disney's The Lion King, which was announced to feature songs from the original film by Elton John and Tim Rice. On November 1, 2017, it was announced that the original film's composer, Hans Zimmer, who composed additional music for Favreau's Iron Man, would return to score the film. Zimmer initially hesitated to return for the remake, arguing that "[he has] worked very hard to not ruin things through improvement", however, he agreed to compose the remake after performing the original film's score in a concert, saying that he "suddenly realized

Elton John wrote the songs for "The Lion King" (1994) and "The Lion King" (1999). He collaborated with Tim Rice on the lyrics for the 1994 film, and wrote the songs for the Broadway musical and the 1999 film on his own.


Question: which amendment to the u.s. constitution provides for protection against self-incrimination

Answer: Fifth Amendment

This is a document about Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution addresses criminal procedure and other aspects of the Constitution. It was ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Fifth Amendment originally applied only to the federal government, but the Supreme Court has applied most of the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One provision of the Fifth Amendment requires that felonies be tried only upon indictment by a grand jury. Another provision, the Double Jeopardy Clause, provides the right

This is a document about Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 self-incrimination must explicitly claim that protection." Justice Thomas, siding with Alito, Roberts and Kennedy, in a separate opinion, held that, "Salinas' Fifth Amendment privilege would not have been applicable even if invoked because the prosecutor's testimony regarding his silence did not compel Salinas to give self-incriminating testimony." Justice Antonin Scalia joined Thomas' opinion." The Fifth Amendment privilege against compulsory self-incrimination applies when an individual is called to testify in a legal proceeding. The Supreme Court ruled that the privilege applies whether the witness is in a federal court or, under the incorporation doctrine of the Fourteenth Amendment, in a state

This is a document about Willie Moretti
 his alias "Willie Moore," was called to testify. Moretti was the only one who cooperated with the committee. While the other mobsters refused to testify by repeatedly invoking the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which provides legal protection against self-incrimination, the garrulous Moretti told jokes, spoke candidly, and generally played it up for the cameras. For example, when asked how long he'd been in the Mafia he replied, "What do you mean, like do I carry a membership card that says 'Mafia' on it?" And when asked how he operated politically he said, "I don't operate politically, if

This is a document about Constitution of Utah
 Utah renounced polygamy. Beginning with "Hansen A. Dab", 619 P.2d 315 (Utah 1980), the Utah Supreme Court embarked upon a short-lived venture during which the court interpreted Article I, § 12 of the Utah Constitution as providing greater protection against self-incrimination than that which is provided by the Fifth Amendment. The "Hansen" decision was based upon the unique language of Article I, § 12, which speaks in terms being compelled "to give evidence against [one]self" rather than being compelled "to be a witness against [one]self." A mere five years later the court retreated from this position and in "American Fork

This is a document about Torture
 his or her person. The U.S. Constitution and U.S. law prohibits the use of unwarranted force or coercion against any person who is subject to interrogation, detention, or arrest. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution includes protection against self-incrimination, which states that "[n]o person...shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself". This serves as the basis of the Miranda warning, which U.S. law enforcement personnel issue to individuals upon their arrest. Additionally, the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment forbids the use of "cruel and unusual punishments," which is widely interpreted as prohibiting torture. Finally,

This is a document about Maurice Braverman
 of the first amendment, which gives me the right of freedom of speech; freedom of assembly, and freedom of association; and the fifth amendment, the amendment providing for self-incrimination.
 Mr. Stripling: Self-incrimination. Are you pleading self-incrimination?
 Mr. Braverman: I will repeat my answer, Mr. Stripling.
 Mr. Stripling: I want this straight. Are you pleading self-incrimination?
 Mr. Braverman: I am pleading the fifth amendment to the Constitution.
 (...)
 Mr. Stripling: Did you know Albert E. Blumberg?
 Mr. Braverman: Yes : I know Mr. Blumberg.
 Mr. Stripling: How well do you know Mr. Blumberg?
 Mr. Braverman: He is a client of mine.

This is a document about Breithaupt v. Abram
 law enforcement and physicians do not provide "every proper medical precaution" to the accused, the extraction may violate the constitution. Additionally, as a matter of public policy, Justice Clark argued that "modern community living requires modern scientific methods of crime detection" and blood tests were necessary to keep the roads safe. Justice Clark also declined to incorporate the Fourth Amendment protection against warrantless searches or the Fifth Amendment privilege against self incrimination to the states. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the facts of this case were analogous to those in "Rochin", and

This is a document about Twining v. New Jersey
 protection and refused to testify during their trial. The jury was told of the men's refusal to testify, and they were convicted. They appealed, arguing that the instructions to the jury violated their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. The Supreme Court used the case to decide whether the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination was valid during trials in state courts, not just in federal courts. Before the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Bill of Rights, including the Fifth Amendment, did not apply to state courts. The Court did not reach the question of whether the defendants' Fifth Amendment rights

This is a document about Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 might be ensnared by ambiguous circumstances." However, Professor James Duane of the Regent University School of Law argues that the Supreme Court, in a 5–4 decision in "Salinas v. Texas", significantly weakened the privilege, saying "our choice to use the Fifth Amendment privilege can be used against you at trial depending exactly how and where you do it." In the "Salinas" case, justices Alito, Roberts, and Kennedy held that "the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination does not extend to defendants who simply decide to remain mute during questioning. Long-standing judicial precedent has held that any witness who desires protection against

This is a document about Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 so "by simply standing mute." Under the Act of Production Doctrine, the act of an individual in producing documents or materials (e.g., in response to a subpoena) may have a "testimonial aspect" for purposes of the individual's right to assert the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination to the extent that the individual's act of production provides information not already in the hands of law enforcement personnel about the (1) existence; (2) custody; or (3) authenticity, of the documents or materials produced. See "United States v. Hubbell". In "Boyd v. United States", the U.S. Supreme Court stated that "It is equivalent

This is a document about In re Boucher
 In re Boucher In re Boucher (case citation: No. 2:06-mJ-91, 2009 WL 424718), is a federal criminal case in Vermont, which was the first to directly address the question of whether investigators can compel a suspect to reveal their encryption passphrase or password, despite the U.S. Constitution's Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination. A magistrate judge held that producing the passphrase would constitute self-incrimination. In its submission on appeal to the District Court, the Government stated that it does not seek the password for the encrypted hard drive, but only sought to force Boucher to produce the contents of his encrypted

This is a document about Twining v. New Jersey
 state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States...") did not curtail state power. The Supreme Court decided 8-1 that the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination applied only to federal court cases. The case provides an early explanation of the doctrine of selective incorporation: only a portion of the Bill of Rights is applied to the states by incorporation, under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause: The court concluded that exemption from self-incrimination was not necessary for a conception of due process. Justice Harlan was the lone dissenter, writing firstly

This is a document about United Federation of Planets
 analogous to the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its protection against self-incrimination. The Federation also has its own semi-independent black operations agency, known as Section 31, analogous to the Romulan Star Empire's Tal Shiar and the Cardassian Union's Obsidian Order. The Federation has exacting requirements for prospective member worlds that wish to join. Caste-based discrimination is forbidden, and major systematic violations of sentient rights, such as the unjust peacetime imprisonment of specially modified soldiers on Angosia, are not tolerated for any petitioner. Furthermore, although most member worlds have single, unified world governments, this is not required for

This is a document about Subpoena duces tecum
 not necessary to treat a corporation as a person in all circumstances. United States case law is confusing concerning this matter when dealing with foreign corporations, and their operation within the United States. Especially troubling have been rulings concerning the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A foreign agent may not claim Fifth Amendment provisions against self-incrimination. Nor can records be withheld from subpoena duces tecum on the grounds that production of such documents would incriminate officers or other members of the foreign corporation. However, there is case authority in which

This is a document about John Marshall Harlan (born 1899)
 that the Constitution required states to provide attorneys for defendants who could not afford their own counsel. However, he believed that this requirement applied only at trial, and not on appeal; thus, he dissented from "Douglas v. California". Harlan wrote the majority opinion "Leary v. United States"—a case that declared Marijuana Tax Act unconstitutional based on the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination. Justice Harlan's concurrence in "Katz v. United States" set forth the test for determining whether government conduct constituted a search. In this case the Supreme Court held that eavesdropping of the petitioner's telephone conversation constituted a search in

This is a document about Garrity v. New Jersey
 Right due process clause as well as Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination. Their convictions were subsequently overturned. <poem>'The privilege against self-incrimination would be reduced to a hollow mockery if its exercise could be taken as equivalent either to a confession of guilt or a conclusive presumption of perjury. * * * The privilege serves to protect the innocent who otherwise might be ensnared by ambiguous circumstances.' Id., at 557-558, 76 S.Ct. at 641. We conclude that policemen, like teachers and lawyers, are not relegated to a watered-down version of constitutional rights.</poem> Associate Justice Harlan, joined by Justices Clark and Stewart,

This is a document about American Civil Liberties Union
 to not defend him. The ACLU later reversed their stance, and supported William Worthy and Rockwell Kent in their passport confiscation cases, which resulted in legal victories in the late 1950s. In response to communist witch-hunts, many witnesses and employees chose to use the fifth amendment protection against self-incrimination to avoid divulging information about their political beliefs. Government agencies and private organizations, in response, established policies which inferred communist party membership for anyone who invoked the fifth amendment. The national ACLU was divided on whether to defend employees who had been fired merely for pleading the fifth amendment, but the

This is a document about Tax protester constitutional arguments
 constitutional challenges to U.S. tax laws are frequently directed towards the validity and effect of the Sixteenth Amendment, assertions that the income tax violates various other provisions of the Constitution have been made as well. Some protesters argue that imposition of income taxes violates the First Amendment freedom of speech because Other protesters argue that the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination allows an individual to refuse to file an income tax return calling for information that could lead to a conviction for criminal acts from which the income was derived, or for the crime of not paying the tax itself.

This is a document about Genovese crime family
 crime in New York in the Kefauver hearings. The committee summoned numerous mobsters to testify, but they refused to answer questions at the hearings. The mobsters uniformly cited the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, a legal protection against self-incrimination. However, when Costello was summoned, he agreed to answer questions at the hearings and not take the Fifth. As part of the agreement to testify, the Special Committee and the U.S. television networks agreed not to broadcast Costello's face. During the questioning, he nervously refused to answer certain questions and skirted around others. When the Committee asked Costello, "What have

This is a document about Title 18 of the United States Code
 Title 18 of the United States Code Title 18 of the United States Code is the main criminal code of the federal government of the United States. It deals with federal crimes and criminal procedure. This statute covers a specific way to satisfy the Fifth Amendment (right to silence as a form of protection against self-incrimination) to the Constitution, but still force witnesses to testify. Basically, if a witness—whether in a federal court such as a United States District Court or in testimony before a Congressional subcommittee—refuses to answer questions and pleads the 5th, the presiding officer can use the

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides for protection against self-incrimination.


Question: where do dark elves live in norse mythology

Answer: Svartalfheim

This is a document about Svartálfar
 Svartálfar In Norse mythology, svartálfar (O.N. "black elves", "swarthy elves", sing. svartálfr), also called myrkálfar ("dark elves", "dusky elves", "murky elves", sing. myrkálfr), are beings who dwell in Svartalfheim ("Svartálf[a]heimr", "home of the black-elves"). Both the svartálfar and Svartálfaheimr are primarily attested in the "Prose Edda", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Scholars have noted that the svartálfar appear to be synonymous with the dwarfs and potentially also the dökkálfar ("dark elves"). As dwarfs, the home of the svartálfar could possibly be another description for "Niðavellir" ("dark fields"). The "svartálfar" are almost only attested in the "Prose Edda"

This is a document about Elves (Marvel Comics)
 Elves (Marvel Comics) There are many fictional Elves appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The most common of the Elves are the Dark Elves of Svartalfheim and the Light Elves of Alfheim that are based on the elves of Norse mythology. They frequently appear in stories featuring the superhero Thor. The Dark Elves appear in the 2013 Marvel Studios film "". Bright-Elves first appeared in "Thor" #277 (Nov. 1978) and were created by Roy Thomas, John Buscema and Tom Palmer. None of the small crowd of Bright-Elves who appear in that issue are named. Dark Elves first

This is a document about Svartálfar
 Svartálfar In Norse mythology, svartálfar (O.N. "black elves", "swarthy elves", sing. svartálfr), also called myrkálfar ("dark elves", "dusky elves", "murky elves", sing. myrkálfr), are beings who dwell in Svartalfheim ("Svartálf[a]heimr", "home of the black-elves"). Both the svartálfar and Svartálfaheimr are primarily attested in the "Prose Edda", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Scholars have noted that the svartálfar appear to be synonymous with the dwarfs and potentially also the dökkálfar ("dark elves"). As dwarfs, the home of the svartálfar could possibly be another description for "Niðavellir" ("dark fields"). The "svartálfar" are almost only attested in the "Prose Edda"

This is a document about Ysgard
 here as well. The city of Ashbringer, also known as the Great Bellows and the Chorus of Ringing Anvils, is located in the dwarven realm of Nidavellir. "Svartalfheim" is a realm of chaotic neutral dark elves; the goddess Eilistraee dwells there. These dark elves are foes of the Ysgardian dwarves. "Brassberg," the realm of the draconic god Aasterinian, is found here as well. Ysgard is derived from the realm of Asgard in Norse mythology. Ysgard Ysgard is the Outer Plane of Chaotic Neutral / Chaotic Good alignment in the "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing game. It is also called "Asgard", "Gladsheim"

This is a document about Dark elves in fiction
  Dark elves were part of Might and Magic VIII as one of the dominant species on the continent Jadame of the planet Enroth, available as playable characters. Portrayed as red and brown-skinned counterparts to the wood and snow elves, these dark elves are peaceful and inhabit the country of Alvar, which includes Jadame's major port city Ravenshore in the south. The lands of Alvar north of Ravenshore are troubled by aggressive ogres. There is a dark elven prophecy concerning the end of the world. In Ashan, the world of Heroes of Might and Magic V, Dark Elves are a faction that lives in tunnels under the surface. They are descendants of the followers of Tuidhanna, originally a renegade Wood Elf Queen, whose people were blamed for burning down the Giant Tree, Brythigga, sacred to the Wood Elves.

This is a document about Elf (Middle-earth)
  fragments to work on, but, Shippey writes, the more one explores how Tolkien used the ancient texts, the more one sees "how easy it was for him to feel that a consistency and a sense lay beneath the chaotic ruin of the old poetry of the North". Shippey further explains that Tolkien's Sundering of the Elves allowed him to explain the existence of Norse mythology's Light Elves, who live in Alfheim ("Elfhome") and correspond to his Calaquendi, and Dark Elves, who live underground in Svartalfheim ("Black Elfhome") and whom he "rehabilitates" as his Moriquendi, the Elves who never went to see the light of the Two Trees of Valinor.

This is a document about Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar
  In Norse mythology, Dökkálfar ("Dark Elves") and Ljósálfar ("Light Elves") are two contrasting types of elves; the dark elves dwell within the earth and have a dark complexion, while the light elves live in Álfheimr, and are "fairer than the sun to look at". The Ljósálfar and the Dökkálfar are attested in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the late Old Norse poem Hrafnagaldr Óðins. Scholars have produced theories about the origin and implications of the dualistic concept.

This is a document about Álfheimr
  In Norse cosmology, Álfheimr (Old Norse:, "Land of the Elves" or "Elfland"; anglicized as Alfheim), also called "Ljósálfheimr" (Ljósálf[a]heimr , "home of the Light Elves"), is home of the Light Elves.

This is a document about Elves (Marvel Comics)
  There are many fictional Elves appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The most common of the Elves are the Dark Elves of Svartalfheim and the Light Elves of Alfheim that are based on the elves of Norse mythology. They frequently appear in stories featuring the superhero Thor. The Dark Elves appeared in the 2013 Marvel Studios film Thor: The Dark World.

This is a document about Species of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  Elves are two separate races, the Dark Elves of Svartalfheim and the Light Elves of Alfheim. The Dark Elves, led by Malekith, first appear in Thor: The Dark World. The Dark Elves, as with their enemies the Asgardians, are depicted as ancient astronauts. It is stated that they existed in the primordial darkness that predated the current vibrant state of the universe. Their goal is to destroy the current universe and return existence back to that state. They were believed extinct, but unbeknownst to the Asgardians, Malekith and a number of warriors escaped and went into stasis in deep space until another attempt would be possible. For the film, David J. Peterson created a language for the Dark Elves called Shiväisith. In Guardians of the Galaxy, an imprisoned Dark Elf appears as an exhibit in Taneleer Tivan's museum. In Spider-Man: Homecoming, Dark Elf technology that was salvaged from the Battle of Greenwich was used by Tinkerer alongside the technologies from the Chitauri and Stark Industries. They appeared in the films Thor: The Dark World and Guardians of the Galaxy; as well as the Disney+ series Loki (archival footage) and What If...?.

This is a document about Scandinavian folklore
  Elves (in Swedish, Älva if female and Alv if male, Alv in Norwegian, and Elver in Danish) are in some parts mostly described as female (in contrast to the light and dark elves in the Edda), otherworldly, beautiful and seductive residents of forests, meadows and mires. They are skilled in magic and illusions. Sometimes they are described as small fairies, sometimes as full-sized women and sometimes as half transparent spirits, or a mix thereof. They are closely linked to the mist and it is often said in Sweden that, "the Elves are dancing in the mist". The female form of Elves may have originated from the female deities called Dís (singular) and Díser (plural) found in pre-Christian Scandinavian religion. They were very powerful spirits closely linked to the seid magic. Even today the word "dis" is

This is a document about Dark elves in fiction
  Midkemian dark elves - called moredhel (incidentally, a 'literal' word from Dark and Elf from Tolkien Elvish) - resemble the elves (eledhel) and the glamredhel, the "mad ones", but have dark hair. They're quite warlike because of the 'path' they follow is towards power, 'might makes right', and 'the end justifies the means'. They mostly inhabit the Northlands, and also the continent of Triagia, and are usually only seen in the more populated parts of the world robbing and raiding. Some of the moredhel return to reside with the eledhel in a process of change inwardly and outwardly, called the Returning, but they are often killed by their kin before they reach the home of the elves, Elvandar. The truth, known only to the elves themselves and few elf-friends, is that the moredhel and eledhel are the one race both of whom were slaves under the Valheru. When

This is a document about Álfheimr
  sun, but the Dark-elves are blacker than pitch. The account later, in speaking of a hall in the Highest Heaven called Gimlé that shall survive when heaven and earth have died, explains: "It is said that another heaven is to the southward and upward of this one, and it is called Andlang [Andlangr 'Endlong'] but the third heaven is yet above that, and it is called Vídbláin [Vídbláinn 'Wide-blue'] and in that heaven we think this abode is. But we believe that none but Light-Elves inhabit these mansions now." It is not indicated whether these heavens are identical to Álfheim or distinct. Some texts read Vindbláin (Vindbláinn 'Wind-blue') instead of Vídbláin. Modern commentators speculate (or sometimes state as fact) that Álfheim was one of the nine worlds (heima) mentioned in stanza 2 of the eddic poem Völuspá.

This is a document about Elves (Marvel Comics)
  Another subspecies of the Light Elves called the Ice Elves were revealed when one of their palaces was wiped out by the Ano-Athox warlord Uthana Thoth. The Ice Elves reside in the frozen portion of Alfheim.

This is a document about Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard
  ruled by Frey, is inhabited by light elves. There is no night in this world. Jotunheim is inhabited by the jotun, or giants. It is covered in mountains, snow, and ice. Nidavellir is home to the dwarves, and is very gloomy, chilly, and dark because it is entirely underground. Muspellheim houses the fire giants and demons, and resembles the sun. Niflheim is inhabited by the frost giants, and is cold and foggy. Finally, Helheim is the realm of Hel and the dishonorable dead. Hunding also describes the Ginnungagap, the void between the worlds, and the Norse creation story. Hunding’s description of the nine

This is a document about Dark elves in fiction
  In The Elder Scrolls series of role-playing video games, Dark Elves (often referred to as Dunmer) generally live peacefully with other races and by and large their entire race is not considered evil like many other fantasy series. They are the native and predominant race of Morrowind. They are considered generally conservative by nature and are distrustful of "outlanders" (non-natives). Dunmer culture is split between the settled people of the cities and the nomadic Ashlander tribes. Dark can easily be applied to them as "gloomy" or "morbid", for such is their temperament. Dunmer are said to have been punished with their red eyes and dark-bluish skin colour

This is a document about The Dark Eye
 Forest Elves: fairy-like elves, living mostly in a large wood called the Salamander Stones. They are worldly yet innocent, and dislike humans. ; Firn Elves: live in the north, in perpetual ice; for them, life is a hard struggle. ; Meadow Elves: live throughout the northern half of Aventuria along rivers; open-minded, they sometimes live in human cities. ; Veld Elves: horsemen from the grasslands of northeast Aventuria; they have loose contact with humans and Goblins.  The Elves are indigenous cultures, and generally do not believe in gods. Unbeknownst to most Elves, Firn, Meadow and Veld Elves once had a single common culture (like that of Tolkien's elves).

This is a document about Otherworld
  As was the case in the Celtic mythologies, in Germanic myths apples were particularly associated with the Otherworld. In the Scandinavian tradition mythological localities are featured, as in Irish mythology; however, unlike Irish mythology, an attempt was made to map the localities of the Otherworld rather than list locales associated with it. In the Edda many locations are named including the dwellings of the gods such as Odin's hall of Valhalla or Ullr's dwelling of Ydalar ("Yewdale"). The Gylfaginning and the later Norwegian poem the Draumkvaede feature travels into the Otherworld.

This is a document about Álfheimr
  Álfheim as an abode of the Elves is mentioned only twice in Old Norse texts. The eddic poem Grímnismál describes twelve divine dwellings beginning in stanza 5 with: Ýdalir call they    the place where Ull A hall for himself hath set; And Álfheim the gods    to Frey once gave As a tooth-gift in ancient times. A tooth-gift was a gift given to an infant on the cutting of the first tooth. In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning, Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven: That which is called Álfheim is one, where dwell the peoples called ljósálfar [Light Elves]; but the dökkálfar [Dark Elves] dwell down in the earth, and they are unlike in appearance, but by far more unlike in nature. The Light-elves are fairer to look upon than

This is a document about Warhammer Fantasy (setting)
  superlative martial skill. The once thriving civilization of the Elves was torn asunder many thousands of years ago by a bitter civil war, resulting in the sundering of the race into three distinct kindreds: the evil, twisted Dark Elves, the proud, noble and magical High Elves who continue the ancient traditions from before the sundering, and a third group as the rustic, sylvan and mysterious Wood Elves. The High Elves inhabit the magical island of Ulthuan (analogous to Atlantis), while the Dark Elves inhabit the continent of Naggaroth (correspondent to North America in the real world), a desolate icy wilderness and the Wood Elves live in the forests

The dark elves, also known as svartálfar or dökkálfar, live in Svartalfheim, which is described as the realm of darkness in Norse mythology.


Question: who is credited with designing and cutting the first roman typefaces

Answer: scribe Peter Schöffer

This is a document about History of Western typography
 century embodied 3000 years of evolved letter design, and were the natural models for letterforms in systematized typography. The scribal letter known as "textur" or "textualis", produced by the strong gothic spirit of blackletter from the hands of German area scribes, served as the model for the first text types. Johannes Gutenberg employed the scribe Peter Schöffer to help design and cut the letterpunches for the first typeface—the D-K type of 202 characters used to print the first printed books in Europe. A second typeface of about 300 characters designed for the 42-line Bible c. 1455 was probably cut by

This is a document about Romain du Roi
  The Romain du Roi (French for "King's roman") was a typeface developed in France beginning in 1692. The name refers to Louis XIV who commissioned the design of the new typeface for use by the Royal Print Office. The Romain du Roi stands as a landmark of typography in the Age of Enlightenment. The conception of the letterforms reflects a difference in attitude from the prevailing roman typefaces before it. Whereas previous roman typefaces developed naturally over time, evolving in the hands of punch cutters from the typefaces of the fifteenth century, the Romain du Roi was the result of rational design: the letterforms were mapped on grids before being cut into metal. The Romain du Roi was not the first "constructed alphabet". Felice Feliciano was the first to recreate geometrically the alphabet of roman inscriptions, and published it in 1463 as Alphabetum Romanum Codex

This is a document about Antiqua (typeface class)
  typeface, as it was standardized by Aldus Manutius, who introduced his revolutionary italic typeface based on the chancery hand in Venice, 1501, and practiced by designer-printers Nicolas Jenson and Francesco Griffo, respectively; this is the reason why they are also known as Venetian types and occasionally as old style, differentiated from modern styles by the more or less uniform thickness of all strokes and by slanted serifs. Roman type has helped establish the remarkable resistance to change of the modern Latin alphabet. The term "Antiqua" later came to sometimes be used for Roman type in general as opposed to blackletter, as in the Antiqua–Fraktur dispute in the German-speaking world.

This is a document about History of Western typography
   Typography, type-founding and typeface design began as closely related crafts in mid-15th-century Europe with the introduction of movable type printing at the junction of the medieval era and the Renaissance. Handwritten letterforms of the mid-15th century embodied 3000 years of evolved letter design, and were the natural models for letterforms in systematized typography. The scribal letter known as textur or textualis, produced by the strong gothic spirit of blackletter from the hands of German area scribes, served as the model for the first text types. Johannes Gutenberg, inventor of the printing press, employed the scribe Peter Schöffer to help design and cut the letterpunches for the first typeface—the D-K type of 202 characters used to print the first printed books in Europe. A second

This is a document about Yale (typeface)
  inscriptional origins of Roman caps and the everlasting problem of reconciling capitals with lowercase. For me, the moment when the first true synthesis occurred was in the type of De Aetna. This led me in turn to the Beinecke Library to pore over their copy of the book and its type—the archetype of Roman type for me." The late 15th century De Aetna typeface, cut by Francesco Griffo for Aldus Manutius, served as a basis for Yale, with elements of one of Carter's earlier typefaces, Galliard. Some of Yale's unique characteristics are its curved leg of the "h", its flat-topped "A", its open apertures of the "c" and "e", and the bent tops of its lowercase ascenders.

This is a document about History of Western typography
  Nicolas Jenson began printing in Venice with his original roman font from 1470. Jenson's design and the very similar roman types cut by Francesco Griffo c. 1499 and Erhard Ratdolt c. 1486 are acknowledged as the definitive and archetypal roman faces that set the pattern for the majority of western text faces that followed. The Jenson roman was an explicitly typographic letter designed on its own terms that declined to imitate the appearance of hand-lettering. Its effect is one of a unified cohesive whole, a seamless fusion of style with structure, and the successful convergence of the long progression of preceding letter styles. Jenson adapted the structural unity and component-based modular integration of Roman capitals to humanistic minuscule forms by masterful abstract stylization. The carefully modelled serifs follow

This is a document about Aldus Manutius
  scribes Pomponio Leto and Bartolomeo Sanvito was the inspiration for the typeface. Other scholars believe the first Greek typeface was derived from the handwriting of Immanuel Rhusotas, another scribe during the time of Manutius. The Aldine Press commissioned the first Greek script designed "with accents and letters cast separately and combined by the compositor." The typeface was first used in publishing Erotemata by Constantine Lascaris in 1495. The Roman typeface was finished later the same year and Pietro Bembo's De Aetna was the first book published in the new Roman script. Manutius and Griffo's original typeface is the first known model of italic type and was used by Manutius until 1501. Five italic words were printed in St. Catherine of Siena in 1500 and in 1501 an

This is a document about Roman square capitals
  convincing ductus by which the forms were created, using a flat brush and then chisel. He promulgated his views in two works, Letters Redrawn from the Trajan Inscription in Rome and The Origin of the Serif: Brush Writing and Roman Letters. During the early era of the movable type printing press, Roman square capitals became the primary inspiration for the capital letters in early serif typefaces; Roman type, especially that developed by those associated with Aldus Manutius, came to produce a number of typefaces still used to the present day. The 1989 digital typeface Trajan from Adobe is a direct, all-capital adaptation of the Roman square capitals on Trajan's column.

This is a document about Bembo
  The regular (roman) style of Bembo is based on Griffo's typeface for Manutius. Griffo, sometimes called Francesco da Bologna (of Bologna), was an engraver who created designs by cutting punches in steel. These were used as a master to stamp matrices, the moulds used to cast metal type. Manutius at first printed works only in Greek. His first printing in the Latin alphabet, in February 1496 (1495 by the Venetian calendar), was a book entitled Petri Bembi de Aetna Angelum Chabrielem liber. This book, usually now called De Aetna, was a short 60-page text about a journey to Mount Etna, written by the young Italian humanist poet Pietro Bembo, who would later become a Cardinal, secretary to Pope Leo

This is a document about Italic type
  Italic type was first used by Aldus Manutius and his press in Venice in 1500. Manutius intended his italic type to be used not for emphasis but for the text of small, easily carried editions of popular books (often poetry), replicating the style of handwritten manuscripts of the period. The choice of using italic type, rather than the roman type in general use at the time, was apparently made to suggest informality in editions designed for leisure reading. Manutius' italic type was cut by his punchcutter Francesco Griffo (who later following a dispute with Manutius claimed to have conceived it). It replicated handwriting of the period following from

This is a document about History of Western typography
   The svelte French style reached its fullest refinement in the roman types attributed to the best-known figure of French typography—Claude Garamond (also Garamont). In 1541 Robert Estienne, printer to the king, helped Garamond obtain commissions to cut the sequence of Greek fonts for King Francis I of France, known as the "grecs du roi". A number of roman faces used in Garamond's publishing activities can be positively attributed to him as punch-cutter. From the dates of their appearance, and their similarity to romans used by Estienne, Christoffel Plantijn and the printer André Wechel, the types known as "Canon de Garamond" and "Petit Canon de Garamond" shown on a specimen sheet issued by the Egenolff-Berner foundry in 1592 are generally accepted as Claude Garamond's final roman types.

This is a document about William Dana Orcutt
  Typefaces designed by Orcutt include Humanistic, which was cast for the University Press in Cambridge, Massachusetts by the American Type Founders Company, French Round Face, and Suburban French. The Humanistic typeface was probably Orcutt's most important creation. The typeface is based on a 15th-century manuscript of the Aeneid attributed to the notable Humanistic scribe Antonio Sinibaldi held at the Laurentian Library in Florence. Orcutt traveled to Italy to study typographic history and developed a friendship with Guido Biagi, Director of the Laurentian Library, who directed his interest to Renaissance Italian lettering. A special limited printing of a book on Petrarch, titled The triumphs of Francesco Petrarch, Florentine poet laureate, published in 1906, served as the occasion to commission and create

This is a document about Aldine Press
  Adapting this admired and influential roman-faced font, Manutius and Griffo went on to produce a cursive variant, the first of what is now known as italic type. The word italic is derived from early Italian versions of italic faces, which were designed primarily in order to save on the cost of paper. The Aldine Press first used italic type in a woodcut of Saint Catherine of Siena in 1500. Their 1501 edition of Virgil's Opera was the first book to be printed in italic type. The roman typeface and italic form created and pioneered by Aldus Manutius and Francesco Griffo were highly influential in typographic development.

This is a document about Aldine Press
  Aldus Manutius eventually took on a project to improve upon the Humanistic font designs of Jenson's typefaces, hiring Francesco Griffo to design and cut typefaces for his print editions of classical literature. Humanistic fonts, based on the formal hand of Renaissance humanist scribes and notaries, had been in development from the time movable print arrived in Italy, notably by Nicolas Jenson in 1470. Griffo developed his own further refinements of style, resulting in one of the earliest roman typefaces produced.

This is a document about Nicolas Jenson
   During the time of his arrival in Venice Jenson was quite successful as an artist but was financially successful as well. His early training as a gold smith allowed him even greater sensitivities to the sculptural nature of type; the letters Jenson employed were often beautiful capitals that could summon the spirit of Rome. Jenson's highly legible and evenly colored typeface, based upon Humanistic scripts, has been reinterpreted through the centuries by numerous type designers, most notably William Morris. Jenson's fame as one of history's greatest typeface designers and punch cutters rests on the types first used in Eusebius's De praeparatione evangelica, which presents the full flowering of roman type design. Jenson's letters are clearly borrowing their shapes from the calligraphic shapes that preceded them, called littera antica. These were in turn based on Carolingian minuscules, to which serifs, borrowed from the Imperial

This is a document about History of Western typography
  The classically endowed city of Rome attracted the first printers known to have set up shop outside Germany, Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim, closely followed by the brothers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer (de Spira), and the Frenchman Nicolas Jenson. The sequence of appearance and production dates for types used by these printers have yet to be established with certainty; all four are known to have printed with types ranging from textur Gothic to fully developed romans inspired by the earlier humanistic writing, and within a few years the center of printing in Italy shifted from Rome to Venice. Some time before 1472 in Venice, Johann and Wendelin issued material printed with a half-Gothic-half-roman type known as "Gotico-antiqua". This design paired

This is a document about Junicode
  The designs of the Junicode roman characters are based on a 17th-century typeface design used at the Oxford University Press, also known as Clarendon Press. Peter Baker based the Junicode roman design on those used in George Hickes' ''Linguarum Vett. Septentrionalium Thesaurus'' (1703–1705), naming the typeface Junicode ("Junius Unicode") after Franciscus Junius, who had commissioned the original typeface used for the Anglo-Saxon texts in that volume, "Pica Saxon". The designs represent an intermediate stage between earlier 16th century typefaces (such as Garamond) and later 18th century typefaces (such as Caslon). The Junicode roman character design shares a number of features with these earlier and later typefaces. Junicode has an individual Greek typeface, Foulis Greek. The design is a traditional revival as well. It is based on the Greek Double Pica cut by Alexander Wilson (c. 1714–1786), a Scottish doctor, astronomer, and typefounder. Wilson's typeface was used in 1756–1758 for a renowned edition of Homer's epics (the Iliad and the Odyssey), printed by Robert Foulis and Andrew Foulis of the Foulis Publishing House and printers to the University of Glasgow. The characters previously included in Junicode font, since version 1.000, moved into a separate font.

This is a document about Tironian notes
  Dio Cassius attributes the invention of shorthand to Maecenas, and states that he employed his freedman Aquila in teaching the system to numerous others. Isidore of Seville, however, details another version of the early history of the system, ascribing the invention of the art to Quintus Ennius, who he says invented 1100 marks (notae). Isidore states that Tiro brought the practice to Rome, but only used Tironian notes for prepositions. According to Plutarch in "Life of Cato the Younger", Cicero's secretaries established the first examples of the art of Latin shorthand: "This only of all Cato's speeches, it is said, was preserved; for Cicero, the consul, had disposed in various parts of the senate-house, several of the most expert and rapid writers, whom he had taught to make figures comprising numerous words in a few short strokes; as up to that time they had not used those we call shorthand writers, who then, as it is said, established the first example of the art."

This is a document about Robert Estienne
  humanism. He was trained as a punchcutter, but no font has been identified as his. Estienne did, however, oversee the work of the best punchcutters of the time such as Claude Garamond and Guillaume Le Bé. Under Estienne, Garamond designed the Greek type used by the King of France which was used to print the first edition of Roman History. Consequently, Estienne was the first printer granted permission to use the grecs du roi or Greek types of the king. In the 1530s Estienne's printing represents the first use of apostrophes and grave and acute accents in France. Moreover, Estienne was known as one of the printers responsible for adapting the Aldine roman type in France.

This is a document about Dante (typeface)
  Dante is a mid-20th-century old-style serif typeface designed by Giovanni Mardersteig, originally for use by the Officina Bodoni for books. The original type was cut by Charles Malin. The type is a serif face influenced by (but not directly indebted to) the types cut by Francesco Griffo between 1449 and 1516. Mardersteig had become acquainted with Griffo's type in the design of his previous typeface, called Griffo. One of the primary objectives in designing Dante was in keeping a visual balance between the roman and italics (in Griffo's time typefaces were cut in roman style and italic style, but not both). The name of the typeface comes from the first book in which it was first used, Boccaccio's Trattatello in Laude di Dante,

Johannes Gutenberg is credited with designing and cutting the first roman typefaces, specifically the D-K type used for the first printed books in Europe. However, the first rational design of roman typefaces was the Romain du Roi, designed by Raphaël in the late 17th century.


Question: who is the actor that plays mayhem in the insurance commercials

Answer: Winters

This is a document about Dean Winters
 recurring character in a new television and radio advertising campaign for Allstate Insurance created by the agency Leo Burnett Chicago. Winters co-starred in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series "Battle Creek", playing a small town police force detective opposite Josh Duhamel, the FBI Resident Agent assigned to the town. The series was cancelled in May 2015. Most recently, he reprised his role on "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" as The Vulture and had a supporting role as a divorce attorney on the HBO series "Divorce". In 2018, he was cast as Mr. Town in the second season of Starz "American

This is a document about Dean Winters
 on the Mayhem television commercial campaign. Dean Winters Dean Gerard Winters (born July 20, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Ryan O'Reily on the HBO prison drama "Oz", and has also appeared on such television series as "Rescue Me", "30 Rock", and "", as well as the character "Mayhem" in a series of Allstate Insurance commercials. Winters co-starred with Josh Duhamel in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series "Battle Creek". Dean Winters was born in New York City and raised on Long Island. He has two brothers, actor Scott William Winters

This is a document about Dean Winters
 Dean Winters Dean Gerard Winters (born July 20, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Ryan O'Reily on the HBO prison drama "Oz", and has also appeared on such television series as "Rescue Me", "30 Rock", and "", as well as the character "Mayhem" in a series of Allstate Insurance commercials. Winters co-starred with Josh Duhamel in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series "Battle Creek". Dean Winters was born in New York City and raised on Long Island. He has two brothers, actor Scott William Winters and writer Bradford Winters, and a

This is a document about Allstate
 independent insurance agents, as opposed to the direct writing that constitutes the core part of its business. In 2003, actor Dennis Haysbert became Allstate’s spokesman, using the tagline "That’s Allstate’s stand." In 2010, actor Dean Winters became a part of Allstate’s campaign "Mayhem" “personifying the pitfalls, like collisions and storm damage, that can befall drivers”. In 2012 Allstate Solutions Private Limited (also called Allstate India) was inaugurated in Bangalore which is a technology and operations centre to provides software development and business process outsourcing services to its US parent. Allstate's Bangalore operation is focused on the areas of business intelligence,

This is a document about Mayhem (advertising character)
 Mayhem (advertising character) Mayhem is an advertising character created by Leo Burnett Worldwide for Allstate Insurance. Burnett pitched the character to Allstate as "Mr. Mayhem", comparing him to the character Mr. White from the 1992 film "Reservoir Dogs" played by Harvey Keitel. Mayhem has been played by Dean Winters since the campaign was launched in April 2010. The character wears a black suit, white dress shirt, and black necktie. The formula for almost every Mayhem commercial has been the same. To begin the commercial, a situation is set up with Mayhem explaining what is going on and hinting at what

This is a document about Allstate
   Mayhem was created by Leo Burnett Worldwide. Burnett pitched the character to Allstate as "Mr. Mayhem", comparing him to the character Mr. White from the 1992 film Reservoir Dogs played by Harvey Keitel. Mayhem has been played by Dean Winters since the campaign was launched in April 2010. The character wears a black suit, white dress shirt, and black necktie and his face is usually bruised, scarred, or wearing a butterfly bandage. The formula for almost every Mayhem commercial has been the same. To begin the commercial, Mayhem identifies the risk he is portraying. He gives context into the situation and hints at an

This is a document about Dean Winters
  the Comedy Cellar alongside notable comedians Jerry Seinfeld, Paul Reiser, and Chris Rock. An HBO comedy special led him to the role he portrayed on OZ, the HBO-produced prison drama. Winters was cast in the ABC drama pilot Happy Town, from the creators of October Road, but was replaced by Steven Weber after shooting the pilot. On June 20, 2010, Winters was introduced as "Mayhem", a recurring character in a television and radio advertising campaign for Allstate Insurance created by the advertising agency Leo Burnett Chicago. He also played Avi in John Wick. Winters co-starred in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series

This is a document about Dean Winters
  Creek, playing a small-town police force detective opposite Josh Duhamel, the FBI resident agent assigned to the town. The series was canceled in May 2015. Most recently, he reprised his role on Brooklyn Nine-Nine as The Vulture and had a supporting role as a divorce attorney on the HBO series Divorce. In 2018, he was cast as Mr. Town in the second season of Starz American Gods. Winters was away from acting until 2010, when Tina Fey brought him back to 30 Rock, and he started work on the Mayhem television commercial campaign. In 2019, Fey joined Winters in a series of Mayhem commercials.

This is a document about Daragh O'Malley
  "towering in every sense of the word". In 2019 O'Malley appeared in a series of award winning TV commercials for Allianz Insurance entitled We Cover Courage, a high-end dramatization of the announcement of the revolutionary free education scheme in Ireland in 1967. The Allianz commercials were directed by Richie Smyth (The Siege of Jadotville). O'Malley is the voice of the iconic crooked lawyer Nick Virago in the multi-million-selling Lucas Arts CD-ROM Grim Fandango. Also a voice actor and voice-over artist, O'Malley has voiced over 500 commercials and was for many years the voice of the Utah-based Beneficial Life Insurance Company on commercial radio across North America.

This is a document about Dean Winters
  Dean Gerard Winters (born July 20, 1964) is an American character actor. He is known for his role as Ryan O'Reily on the HBO prison drama Oz and had roles in TV series Rescue Me, 30 Rock, Sex and the City and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, as well as portraying "Mayhem" in a series of Allstate Insurance commercials. He co-starred in one season of the CBS Network cop drama series Battle Creek and had a recurring role as the Vulture on the comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine.

This is a document about Dennis Haysbert
  Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as baseball player Pedro Cerrano in the Major League film trilogy, Secret Service agent Tim Collin in the political thriller film Absolute Power, Sergeant Major Jonas Blane on the CBS action drama series The Unit, God on the Netflix show Lucifer, and President David Palmer on the first five seasons of 24. He has also appeared in the films Love Field, Heat, Waiting to Exhale, and Far from Heaven, as well as the science fiction series Incorporated. From 2003 to 2021, Haysbert was the official spokesman for Allstate insurance, and is known for his distinctive deep voice.

This is a document about Allstate
  Advertising Age reported in February 2011 that Mayhem rose to third as most-recognized insurance advertising character, behind the GEICO gecko and Flo from Progressive Insurance. An online survey showed that the GEICO gecko and Flo were each tied to their respective companies over 90% of the time. For Mayhem, the Age said, "After the top two, the most-recognized ad description was Allstate, with 65% of consumers saying they knew the ad. When those same consumers were asked to associate it with a brand, 63% correctly matched Mayhem with Allstate. Overall, among the total sample, Mayhem clocked in with only 41% of respondents being able to link him to Allstate.

This is a document about Laurence Fishburne
  Laurence John Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American actor, playwright, producer, screenwriter, and film director. He has been critically hailed for his forceful, militant, and authoritative characters in his films. He is known for playing Morpheus in The Matrix trilogy (1999, 2003), Jason "Furious" Styles in the drama film Boyz n the Hood (1991), Tyrone "Mr. Clean" Miller in the war film Apocalypse Now (1979), and "The Bowery King" in the John Wick film series (2017–present). For his portrayal of Ike Turner in What's Love Got to Do With It (1993), Fishburne was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in Two Trains Running (1992), and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a

This is a document about Insurance King
  as one of their insurance carriers. In 2018, the agency would open up their first location outside of Rockford, a physical location in Peoria, Illinois. To help promote the opening, Block would hire actor Dustin Diamond to make commercials promoting the new agency. Until his death, Diamond would make commercials with the agency to promote "minimum coverage" with numerous advertising campaigns being made, including parodies to Diamond's character from Saved by the Bell, Screech. In 2020, a series of Insurance King commercials parodying Tiger King went viral. The commercials featured actor Todd Bridges (playing Joe Exotic) and Tiger King stars Saff Saffery and John Reinke. The commercials featured Tiger King references, Joe Exotic quotes, and insults at Carole Baskin.

This is a document about Susumu Akagi
 Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2005) – (Mentally Disabled Person) (Ryoo Seung-bum) ; Horsemen (2009) – (Stingray) (Clifton Collins Jr.) ; Lavalantula (2015) – (Marty) (Michael Winslow) ; The Finest Hours (2016) – (Wallace Quirey) (John Ortiz) ; Bohemian Rhapsody (2019) – (Jim Beach) (Tom Hollander) ; The Twilight Zone (2020) – Agent Allendale (James Frain)

This is a document about The Key Man (2011 film)
  A previously successful, but currently down on his luck, thirty-something insurance salesman is targeted by an aging gangster and his sociopathic Shakespearean actor/business partner. The salesman is lured into an illegal insurance deal with the promise of cash that will enable him to buy a new house for his family. Of course the deal goes sideways and violence ensues.

This is a document about Jeff Daniel Phillips
  He is best known for playing a caveman in a popular series of GEICO commercials. He played the part of Maurice in the short lived Cavemen sitcom on ABC. Other credits to him are Hide (2003), for which he was the director, producer, and co-author in addition to being a cast member; parts in Sneakers and Rob Zombie's Halloween II as Uncle Seymour, The Lords of Salem and 31; and roles in TV series Flaked, Arrest and Trial, Philly, and Profiler. He appeared in the second season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as David Angar, the Marvel Cinematic Universe version of Angar the Screamer.

This is a document about Christopher Cousins
  Notable film roles include David Williams in Untraceable (2008), the villain Daniel in Wicker Park (2004), Bill in The Grudge 2 (2006), and the father of the main characters in Legally Blondes. He also made an appearance on Glee on the episode "Puppet Master" He has also appeared in an episode of House, M.D. as a victim's father on an episode called "Distractions" in season 2 episode 12. In season 3 of Supernatural he played a doctor whose comatose daughter is the spirit in "Bedtime Stories". He also appeared on Criminal Minds as a trauma surgeon on an episode called "Nameless, Faceless" in season 5, episode 1. He also appeared on Designated Survivor as Senator Rouse. In 2016, he had a recurring role in Bosch as Martin Weiss, an attorney for an Armenian mobster.

This is a document about The Devil Has a Name
 David Strathairn as Fred Stern, a stubborn farmer whose farm gets poisoned by Gigi's company ; Edward James Olmos as Santiago, a Mexican immigrant and Fred's confidant ; Alfred Molina as Big Boss, a psychopathic CEO who wants to bring Gigi down ; Kate Bosworth as Gigi Cutler, an arrogant regional director of Shore Oil and Gas ; Martin Sheen as Ralph Wegis, an environmental lawyer who takes Fred's case ; Haley Joel Osment as Alex Gardner, a failing advertising agent who's recruited by Gigi ; Pablo Schreiber as Ezekiel, an ambitious yet cruel pyromaniac ; Katie Aselton as Olive Gore, Shore's high-powered, alcoholic lawyer ; Michael Hogan as Judge, known to Gigi as "Lance"

This is a document about Esurance
  In December 2011, Esurance announced another new advertising campaign. It emphasized efficiency and positioned the company as "Insurance for the Modern World"; the target demographic was families and professionals in the 25-49 age group. John Krasinski narrated the commercials, which were developed by ad agency Leo Burnett Worldwide. Esurance also markets itself heavily through sports teams and sporting events, where it casts itself as being more environmentally friendly than competitors. The company has sponsored a number of sporting events and teams, including the US Open tennis tournament, the Golden State Warriors, and the San Francisco Giants. In February 2015, Esurance released their Super Bowl XLIX commercial, featuring Bryan Cranston parodying his Walter White

Dean Winters plays the role of Mayhem in the Allstate Insurance commercials.


Question: who is the girl singing in drake in my feelings

Answer: La La Anthony

This is a document about In My Feelings
 by La La Anthony while her mother is played by Phylicia Rashad. The video takes place in New Orleans and shows people dancing to the song, including Yung Miami of the City Girls and bounce music legend Big Freedia. Comedian Shiggy, who has been credited with inventing the viral "In My Feelings Challenge", makes a cameo as a production assistant as well as a dancer in the video. At the end of the music video, a small montage of celebrities and internet influencers participating in the "In My Feelings Challenge" is displayed. A few of these people include Will Smith,

This is a document about In My Feelings
  "In My Feelings" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his fifth studio album Scorpion (2018). It was released to rhythmic and contemporary hit radio on July 10, 2018, as the album's fifth single. The song features additional vocals by the City Girls, though they are uncredited on the official version. The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for ten weeks and broke several records.

This is a document about In My Feelings
  "In My Feelings" is a bounce track. Upon its release, several outlets reported that the song and "Kiki" was about Keshia Chanté, Drake's first girlfriend and childhood friend from Toronto. It was also reported that "KB" was K'yanna Barber, a resident of Oakland, California. Drake also makes references to Jennifer Lopez ("Jenny"), whom he briefly dated in 2016, and Quality Control duo City Girls, made up of members Yung Miami ("Resha") and JT. The City Girls also provide uncredited vocals. The track samples "Smoking Gun (Acapella Version)" by Magnolia Shorty for the breakdown. "Lollipop" by Lil Wayne is also sampled and the track ends with audio from the episode "Champagne Papi" from the television series Atlanta. The song was later slightly altered and re-uploaded to streaming sites with additional sampled vocals from Lil Wayne.

This is a document about Drake (musician)
  and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. In 2018, articles by The Guardian and Rolling Stone called him "the definitive pop star of his generation" and "perhaps [the] biggest post-Justin Timberlake male pop star of the new millennium", respectively. Shortly thereafter, Drake collaborated with British hip hop promotion Link Up TV on July 7, releasing a freestyle as a part of the promotion's 'Behind Barz' segment, before releasing another freestyle a week later after featuring on Charlie Sloth's long-running Fire in the Booth program on BBC Radio 1Xtra. Drake then earned his sixth number-one hit with "In My Feelings" on July

This is a document about In My Feelings
  it was unseated by "Girls Like You" by Maroon 5 featuring Cardi B. It ultimately remained in the top ten for 14 weeks. It also reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In the UK, it did not enter the charts on the first week due to chart rules, but the next week, due to the popularity of the dance challenge, it entered at number four. A week later, it rose to number one, becoming Drake's fifth number one in the UK and his third consecutive number one in 2018. "In My Feelings" spent four weeks at the top of the chart, before being replaced by "Shotgun". The success of "In My Feelings" made Drake the record holder for most number one hits among rappers in the history of the Hot 100 chart.

This is a document about In My Feelings
  "In My Feelings Challenge", makes a cameo as a production assistant as well as a dancer in the video. At the end of the music video, a small montage of celebrities and internet influencers participating in the "In My Feelings Challenge" is displayed. A few of these people include Will Smith, DJ Khaled, J-Hope (BTS), Steve Aoki, Odell Beckham Jr., Dua Lipa, Millie Bobby Brown, Liza Koshy, Noah Schnapp, Ryan Seacrest, Shay Mitchell, Bobby Berk, Tan France, Karamo Brown, Antoni Porowski, Jonathan Van Ness, Sonya DeVille and Ciara. As of May 2021, the music video on YouTube has amassed more than 263 million views.

This is a document about 2018 Soul Train Music Awards
 Drake – "In My Feelings" ; Cardi B – "I Like It" (with Bad Bunny and J Balvin) ; Childish Gambino – "This is America" ; DJ Khaled – "No Brainer" (featuring Justin Bieber, Chance the Rapper and Quavo) ; The Carters – "Apeshit"

This is a document about City Girls
  City Girls is an American hip hop duo consisting of Yung Miami (pronounced "Young Miami", born Caresha Romeka Brownlee in February 1994) and JT (born Jatavia Shakara Johnson in December 1992). The duo originate from Miami, Florida, and garnered attention after making an uncredited guest appearance on "In My Feelings", the 2018 chart-topping single by Drake. The duo signed to Quality Control Music, and later released their debut mixtape, Period (2018); as well as two studio albums: Girl Code (2018), which spawned the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) Platinum-certified US top 40 singles "Twerk" (featuring Cardi B) and "Act Up"; and City on Lock (2020).

This is a document about Girl Code (album)
  City Girls released their first mixtape Period in May 2018; they received wider notice after being featured on Drake's single "In My Feelings", reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 that summer. JT had pled guilty to credit card fraud that January - and turned herself in for a two-year prison sentence in June; consequently, she and Yung Miami recorded much of Period and Girl Code during the same studio sessions.

This is a document about Girls Like You
  "Girls Like You" debuted at number 94 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and ascended to number four following its first full week of tracking after the music video's arrival. The single made the fourth-biggest jump (90 positions) in the Hot 100's history, and became Maroon 5's 14th and Cardi B's sixth top-ten single overall. After spending six weeks at number two behind Drake's "In My Feelings", the single reached number one on its 17th charting week, becoming Maroon 5's fourth chart topper–their first since 2012's "One More Night"–and Cardi B's third. Cardi extended her record for most number ones among female rappers. Maroon 5 became the duo or group with the most

This is a document about Drake (musician)
  which also spawned the viral "#InMyFeelingsChallenge" or "#KiKiChallenge". The success of "In My Feelings" also made Drake the record holder for most number one hits among rappers. Soon after, he released the music video for "Nonstop", which was filmed in London during his surprise performance at the Wireless Festival. He then appeared on the Travis Scott album Astroworld, featuring uncredited vocals for his song "Sicko Mode", which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Drake announced in July 2018 that he planned to "take 6 months to a year" to himself to return to television and films, producing the television

This is a document about Karena Evans
  by Evans. Evans signed with WME later that month. That summer, she also directed the music videos for Drake's singles "I'm Upset" and "In My Feelings". In late 2018, Evans earned Much Music Video Award and MTV Video Music Award nominations for her work on Drake's videos. She ultimately won Best Director at the 2018 iHeartRadio MMVAs for her work on "God's Plan". In 2020, Evans was placed on BET's "Future 40" list, which is a list of “40 of the most inspiring and innovative vanguards who are redefining what it means to be unapologetically young, gifted, and black”.

This is a document about Ariana Grande
  Ariana Grande-Butera (born June 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Her music, much of which is based on personal experiences, has been the subject of widespread media attention, while her four-octave vocal range has received critical acclaim. She has received numerous accolades throughout her career, including two Grammy Awards, one Brit Award, two Billboard Music Awards, three American Music Awards, nine MTV Video Music Awards, and 27 Guinness World Records. Grande began her music career at age 15 in the 2008 Broadway musical 13. She rose to fame for playing Cat Valentine in the Nickelodeon television series Victorious (2010–2013) and Sam &

This is a document about Lil Nas X
  outlets also noted that the song brings attention to the historic cultural erasure of African-Americans from both country music and the American frontier era. Country music star Billy Ray Cyrus supported "Old Town Road", and became the featured vocalist in an April 2019 remix, the first of several. That same month, Lil Nas X broke Drake's record for the most U.S. streams from one song in one week with 143 million streams for the week ending April 11, surpassing Drake's "In My Feelings", which had 116.2 million streams in a week in July 2018; as of August 2019 it has

This is a document about Lover (album)
  The opening track "I Forgot That You Existed" is a light-hearted pop rap and post-tropical house song, where Swift declares her indifference to her detractors and farewell to the events that inspired Reputation, with a reference to Drake and his 2018 song "In My Feelings". The song is set to a minimalist and syncopated arrangement of piano and finger snaps. "Cruel Summer" is a breezy synth-pop and industrial pop song, about the tumultuous feelings ensuing from a summer romance. The song is accompanied by pulsating synthesizers, and robotic, distorted vocals. The title track is a slow-paced country and indie folk waltz. It features reverberated vocals and vintage instrumentals,

This is a document about Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards 2009
 Drake Bell ; Miley Cyrus ; Miranda Cosgrove ; Selena Gomez

This is a document about Keshia Chanté
  Chanté lived in Toronto during her teens along with rapper Drake and was his first girlfriend. They dated during their teen years, have collaborated musically and remain close friends. Drake has cited Chanté as his "muse" and has written multiple songs about Chanté, including "Madonna" from his 2015 mixtape If You're Reading This It's Too Late. Drake's 2018 song "In My Feelings" contains repeated reference to "Kiki," which several outlets reported to be Chanté. Neither Chanté nor Drake have confirmed the identity of "Kiki." Drake discussed their relationship in the remix of Chanté's song titled "Fallen", rapping "Keshia, Keshia, do you remember the old us?/You just hold it down for your boy until the plaques arrive that's why I love you". Drake also speaks of Chanté in the second

This is a document about In My Feelings
  In the Billboard magazine issue dated July 14, 2018, "In My Feelings" debuted at number six on the Billboard Hot 100, one of seven top 10 entries by Drake that week. The following week, partly due to the rising popularity of the dance challenge associated with the song, it ascended to the top spot of the chart, becoming Drake's sixth number-one single on the chart. On the issue dated July 28, 2018, "In My Feelings" broke the streaming record for the most streams in a single week with 116.2 million streams (later being broken by "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X & Billy Ray Cyrus on the week of April 13, 2019, which has the current record of 143 million streams ) and retained the top spot on the chart. It remained on top for ten consecutive weeks

This is a document about List of number-one Billboard Streaming Songs of 2018
  one on the chart with "This is America" for three weeks in May and early June. Following the murder of XXXTentacion in Florida, his single "Sad!" became his first to top the chart for two weeks. Drake scored his third and fourth number-one hit in 2018 with "Nonstop" and "In My Feelings" for nine more weeks. Furthermore, "In My Feelings" became the most-streamed songs within a week, accumulating more than 116 million streams—13 million more than "Harlem Shake". Moreover, "In My Feelings" was the third most streamed song of the year, accumulating more than 1.1 billion streams. Drake was the most-successful artist of the year. "God's Plan", "In My Feelings" and "Nice for What" ranked in the top ten most-streamed songs in the US for 2018. "God's Plan" concluded as the most-streamed song in 2018, with more than 1.5 billion streams.

This is a document about In My Feelings (EP)
  In My Feelings is the debut EP by American drag queen and singer Aja, released on May 11, 2018. The EP features guest appearances by Mitch Ferrino, Wnnr, DJ Accident Report, and AVG JO.

The girl singing in Drake's "In My Feelings" is not explicitly identified in the song. However, there are rumors that it could be about Keshia Chanté, a Toronto child star and childhood friend of Drake, or Bresha Webb, an actress and former girlfriend of Drake. The song also references Jennifer Lopez and her first single "If You Had My Love."