Question: who played the mother in what 's eating gilbert grape

Answer: Darlene Cates

This is a document about Darlene Cates
 Darlene Cates Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film "What's Eating Gilbert Grape", in which she played the title character's housebound mother. Author and screenwriter Peter Hedges saw a tape of Cates on a 1992 episode of "Sally" entitled "Too Heavy to Leave Their House". On the show, she discussed her battle with obesity and how it had affected her life. In 1986, pelvic infections caused by her excess weight kept her bedridden for two years, during which she

This is a document about What's Eating Gilbert Grape
 What's Eating Gilbert Grape What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette Lewis, Darlene Cates, and Leonardo DiCaprio. The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother (Cates) and his mentally impaired younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Midwestern town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, adapted from his 1991 novel of the same name. The film was well-received; DiCaprio received his first Academy Award nomination for his role. In the small town of Endora, Iowa, Gilbert Grape (Johnny Depp) is busy caring

This is a document about What's Eating Gilbert Grape
 it "a performance of astonishing innocence and spontaneity", bringing "a touching credibility to a very difficult part". The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics. What's Eating Gilbert Grape What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Juliette Lewis, Darlene Cates, and Leonardo DiCaprio. The film follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his morbidly obese mother (Cates) and his mentally impaired younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Midwestern town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, adapted from his 1991

This is a document about What's Eating Gilbert Grape
 for Arnie (Leonardo DiCaprio), his mentally challenged brother, as they wait for the many tourists' trailers to pass through town during an annual Airstreamer's Club gathering at a nearby recreational area. His father had hanged himself seven years earlier, and since then his mother, Bonnie (Darlene Cates), has spent most of her days on the couch watching TV and eating. With Bonnie unable to care for her children on her own due to her morbid obesity, Gilbert has taken responsibility for repairing the old house and looking after Arnie, who has a habit of climbing the town water tower, while

This is a document about Sweets and Sour Marge
 "If it had still been in existence, we wouldn't have done it", Jean said in the DVD commentary for the episode. Cletus' cousin Dia-Betty is loosely based on Darlene Cates' character Bonnie Grape in the 1993 film "What's Eating Gilbert Grape". During the boat chase when Wiggum pursues Homer for the sugar cargo (narrowly avoiding two boats transporting a huge glass pane and a mother and child riding a combined jet ski-stroller), the Miami Vice Theme is played. Before he agrees to hand the sugar cargo to Motherloving, Homer demands that he gets to see an Oompa Loompa, a character

This is a document about Darlene Cates
  Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She became known for her role in the 1993 film What's Eating Gilbert Grape, in which she played the title character's housebound mother.

This is a document about What's Eating Gilbert Grape
  Filming for What's Eating Gilbert Grape began on November 2, 1992 and concluded in late January 1993. It was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located. Film Review quoted actor Leonardo DiCaprio: "I had to really research and get into the mind of somebody with a disability like that. So I spent a few days at a home for mentally ill teens. We just talked and I watched their mannerisms. People have these expectations that mentally retarded children are really crazy, but it's not so. It's refreshing to see them because everything's so new to them."

This is a document about Mary Kate Schellhardt
  Mary Kate Schellhardt (born November 1, 1978) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Ellen in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), and as Barbara Lovell in Ron Howard's Apollo 13 (1995).

This is a document about What's Eating Gilbert Grape
  What's Eating Gilbert Grape is a 1993 American coming-of-age drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Johnny Depp, Leonardo DiCaprio, Juliette Lewis and Darlene Cates. It follows 24-year-old Gilbert (Depp), a grocery store clerk caring for his obese mother (Cates) and his intellectually disabled younger brother (DiCaprio) in a sleepy Iowa town. Peter Hedges wrote the screenplay, based on his 1991 novel of the same name. Filming took place from November 1992 to January 1993 in various parts of Texas. The film was well-received, with DiCaprio’s performance garnering universal acclaim. The 19-year-old received his first nominations for the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, becoming the seventh-youngest Best Supporting Actor nominee for the former.

This is a document about Peter Hedges
 What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1991) ; An Ocean in Iowa (1998) ; The Heights (2010)

This is a document about Mary Steenburgen
  play the role by her children, as well as by fans of the Back to the Future films, and reprised the role by providing the character's voice in Back to the Future: The Animated Series. Other performances have been: in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), as a woman who is having an affair with the title character; My Summer Story (1994), as the mother of Ralphie Parker (the sequel to A Christmas Story); the role of Hannah Nixon in the Oliver Stone biopic, Nixon (1995); and the Will Ferrell 2003 comedy Elf, as a woman who discovers that her husband is the father of one

This is a document about Juliette Lewis
  I've ever seen." At the time of filming Kalifornia, Lewis and Pitt had been in a relationship since 1990, though they separated the year of the film's release. She subsequently co-starred with Johnny Depp and Leonardo DiCaprio in the Lasse Hallström-directed drama What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993), portraying a free-spirited woman who befriends a young man and his mentally disabled brother in a small Iowa town. Lewis also appeared in the video for the Melissa Etheridge song “Come to My Window,” (1993), portraying a mental patient. Lewis then portrayed Mallory Knox, a murderous woman who embarks on a killing spree with her psychotic lover Mickey (Woody Harrelson), in

This is a document about List of Juliette Lewis performances
  Juliette Lewis is an American actress who came to prominence in the early 1990s after appearing in numerous independent and mainstream films. After appearing in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), she garnered widespread fame for her performance in Martin Scorsese's Cape Fear (1991), which earned her Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress. She followed this with a supporting role in Woody Allen's Husbands and Wives (1992), the thriller Kalifornia, and drama What's Eating Gilbert Grape (the latter two both released in 1993). She gained further notice for her role as murderous woman Mallory Knox in Oliver Stone's controversial satirical crime film Natural Born Killers (1994). Lewis subsequently starred in Kathryn Bigelow's science fiction film Strange Days (1995), playing a musician, and appeared as a teenager in Robert Rodriguez's vampire film From Dusk

This is a document about Yootha Joyce
  recurring role being Miss Argyll, frustrated girlfriend of the title star Milo O'Shea in three series of Me Mammy (1968–71); most of the episodes of that series are lost. Prior to that, she played a cameo role in Jack Clayton's The Pumpkin Eater (1964) as a psychotic young woman opposite Anne Bancroft, delivering a performance that has been called one of the "best screen acting miniatures one could hope to see." She also had a featured role (as brassy housekeeper Mrs Quayle) in Clayton's next film Our Mother's House (1967), a dark drama starring Dirk Bogarde, which dealt with a group of young children who conceal the death of their single mother to prevent being split

This is a document about Sweets and Sour Marge
  Carolyn Omine and directed by Mark Kirkland. It was dedicated to the memory of Ron Taylor. Omine conceived the episode after hearing about smokers who sued tobacco companies. While its plot is loosely based on Erin Brockovich, the episode also features references to Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, What's Eating Gilbert Grape and Butterfinger. It also features Ben Stiller as Garth Motherloving. In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 7.5 million viewers, finishing in 34th place in the ratings the week it aired. Following its home video release, the episode received mixed reviews from critics.

This is a document about Darlene Cates
  Author and screenwriter Peter Hedges saw a tape of Cates on a 1992 episode of Sally entitled "Too Heavy to Leave Their House". On the show, she discussed her battle with obesity and how it had affected her life. In 1986, pelvic infections caused by her excess weight kept her bedridden for two years, during which she gained an additional 149 pounds. Hedges offered her the role of a morbidly obese mother in the 1993 film What's Eating Gilbert Grape, which she accepted. Television roles followed on the shows Picket Fences in 1994 and Touched by an Angel in 1996. She had a small role in the 2001 film Wolf Girl. Producer J. Miles Dale flew a small crew and the film's stars from Romania to Texas to shoot their scenes with Cates. Her performance in What's Eating Gilbert Grape, her first attempt at acting in any form, received critical acclaim and was lauded by her costars Leonardo DiCaprio and Johnny Depp.

This is a document about Hereditary (film)
  Toni Collette was one of the first actresses Aster sought for the role of Annie Graham, a miniaturist and the matriarch of the Graham family. Though Collette was reluctant to work on a horror film, the script's grounded approach to the genre convinced her to commit to the project: "He [Aster] just really understood the dynamics in the family, has such an understanding of what it is to be human, what it is to experience loss". Gabriel Byrne agreed to play the family's patriarch Steve; Alex Wolff, who previously collaborated with Byrne in the HBO program In Treatment was cast as the Grahams' son Peter. Cast in her cinema debut, 14-year-old Broadway theatre actress Milly Shapiro, winner of a Tony Honor for her performance in Matilda the Musical, earned the role of the daughter Charlie. After watching Shapiro's audition, Aster was immediately relieved "'cause I knew the chances were slim that I would find somebody who would be right", having left Charlie's personality more ambiguous than other characters in the script. Ann Dowd portrays grieving mother Joan, who convinces Annie of her ability to contact the dead.

This is a document about List of 30 Rock characters
  Sylvia Rossitano (Patti LuPone) is Frank's mother. Sylvia is a stereotypical Italian-American mother, extremely loving towards her son, but also incredibly overbearing. Sylvia is also an incredible cook. Appears In: "Goodbye, My Friend", "The Moms", "Alexis Goodlooking and the Case of the Missing Whisky".

This is a document about Joanna Kerns
  Joanna Kerns (born February 12, 1953) is an American actress and director best known for her role as Maggie Seaver on the family situation comedy Growing Pains from 1985 to 1992.

Darlene Cates played the role of the mother, Bonnie, in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape."


Question: who has the most home runs in one year

Answer: Barry Bonds

This is a document about 50 home run club
 the only player to accomplish this until Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa matched his feat in 1999 and 2001, respectively, thus becoming the only players to achieve four consecutive 50 home run seasons. Barry Bonds hit the most home runs to join the club, collecting 73 in 2001. The most recent players to reach the milestone are Giancarlo Stanton and Aaron Judge, achieving the feat during the 2017 season. In total, 29 players have reached the 50 home run club in MLB history and nine have done so more than once. Of these, seventeen were right-handed batters, eleven were left-handed,

This is a document about 2007 San Francisco Giants season
 left fielder Barry Bonds entered 2007 with 21 home runs shy of tying Hank Aaron for most career home runs. On August 7, 2007, Bonds broke the all-time home run record with his 756th career home run and 22nd of the season. The rotation was bolstered by the arrival of Barry Zito, who was signed to the largest contract ever for a pitcher during the off-season. On September 21 it was revealed that Bonds would not return to the team following the 2007 season. 2007 was a year that had various milestones, whether personal, or historical in terms of team

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball record breakers by season
 June 25: Most home runs in a calendar month – 19 by Sammy Sosa (extended to 20 on June 30). ; September 8: Most home runs, season – 62 by Mark McGwire; later extended to 70. Sosa also broke the 37-year-old record held by Roger Maris and was briefly the sole record-holder, hitting his 66th home run of the season (which would be his final total) before McGwire did.

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
  a home run champion as he topped the next highest total by 35 home runs in each season. The single season mark of 60 stood for 34 years until Roger Maris hit 61 home runs in 1961 for which MLB assigned an asterisk until reversing themselves in 1991 citing Maris had accomplished his record in a longer season. Maris' mark was broken 37 years later by both Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa during the 1998 home run record chase, with McGwire ultimately setting a new record of 70. Barry Bonds, who also has the most career home runs, then broke that mark, setting the current single season record of 73 in 2001. Of the

This is a document about 2001 in baseball
  1Major League single season home run record

This is a document about Hank Greenberg
  player had ever retired after a final season in which they hit so many home runs. Since then, only Ted Williams (1960, 29), Dave Kingman (1986; 35), Mark McGwire (2001; 29), Barry Bonds (2007; 28) and David Ortiz (2016; 38) have hit as many or more homers in their final season. Through 2010, he was first in career home runs and RBIs (ahead of Shawn Green) and batting average (ahead of Ryan Braun), and fourth in hits (behind Lou Boudreau), among all-time Jewish major league baseball players. As a fielder, the 193-cm (6-foot-4-inch) Greenberg was awkward and unsure of himself early

This is a document about 2019 Major League Baseball season
  Major League record for the most home runs in a single season before May 1. He tied the record that was set by Albert Pujols (2006) and Alex Rodriguez (2007). ; Zack Greinke (HOU)/(ARI): ; At age 35, became the oldest pitcher since 1957 to hit multiple home runs in the same game on April 2 against the San Diego Padres. ; Became the first pitcher since 1930 to have at least five extra-base hits through the team's first 26 games on April 25 against the Pittsburgh Pirates. He also became the first pitcher since 1906 to hit for the cycle all in the

This is a document about History of baseball in the United States
  what many consider to be one of the greatest teams of all time. McGwire's record of 70 would last a mere three years following the meteoric rise of veteran San Francisco Giants left fielder Barry Bonds in 2001. In 2001 Bonds knocked out 73 home runs, breaking the record set by McGwire by hitting his 71st on October 5, 2001. In addition to the home run record, Bonds also set single-season marks for base on balls with 177 (breaking the previous record of 170, set by Babe Ruth in 1923) and slugging percentage with .863 (breaking the mark of .847 set by

This is a document about Home run
  Japanese team. Oh holds the all-time home run world record, having hit 868 home runs in his career. In Major League Baseball, the career record is 762, held by Barry Bonds, who broke Hank Aaron's record on August 7, 2007, when he hit his 756th home run at AT&T Park off pitcher Mike Bacsik. Only eight other major league players have hit as many as 600: Hank Aaron (755), Babe Ruth (714), Alex Rodriguez (696), Albert Pujols (679), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey Jr. (630), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609); Pujols holds the record for active MLB players. The single season record is 73, set by Barry Bonds in 2001. Other notable

This is a document about 2021 Washington Nationals season
  Sammy Sosa for the Chicago Cubs in 1998 and matched by Barry Bonds for the San Francisco Giants in 2001, for home runs in an eighteen-game stretch with sixteen; and set a franchise record (Montreal Expos–Washington Nationals) for most home runs in a month with sixteen, surpassing Bryce Harper for the Nationals in May 2015 and Vladimir Guerrero Sr. for the Expos in September 2000, who held the previous record with thirteen apiece. (See Brew, Tom, "A June For the Ages: Kyle Schwarber Sets Baseball World on Fire", Sports Illustrated, July 3, 2021; Schoenfield, David, "Kyle Schwarber has 16

This is a document about Home run
  season records were achieved by Babe Ruth who hit 60 in 1927, Roger Maris, with 61 home runs in 1961, Sammy Sosa who hit 66 in 1998, and Mark McGwire, who hit 70 in 1998. Negro league slugger Josh Gibson's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque says he hit "almost 800" home runs in his career. The Guinness Book of World Records lists Gibson's lifetime home run total at 800. Ken Burns' award-winning series, Baseball, states that his actual total may have been as high as 950. Gibson's true total is not known, in part due to inconsistent record keeping in the Negro leagues. The 1993 edition of the MacMillan Baseball Encyclopedia attempted to

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
  This is a list of the top 300 Major League Baseball leaders in home runs hit. In the sport of baseball, a home run is a hit in which the batter scores by circling all the bases and reaching home plate in one play, without the benefit of a fielding error. This can be accomplished either by hitting the ball out of play while it is still in fair territory (a conventional home run), or by an inside-the-park home run. Barry Bonds holds the Major League Baseball home run record with 762. He passed Hank Aaron, who hit 755, on August 7, 2007. The only other player to have hit 700 or more is Babe Ruth with 714. Alex

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
  (696), Albert Pujols (679), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey Jr. (630), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609) are the only other players to have hit 600 or more. Listed are all Major League Baseball players with 222 or more home runs hit during official regular-season games (i.e., excluding playoffs or exhibition games). Players in bold face are active as of the 2020 Major League Baseball season (including free agents), with the number in parenthesis designating the number of home runs they have hit during the 2021 season. The last change in the cutoff for the top 300 occurred on July 3, 2021, when Kyle Seager hit his 222nd career home run, displacing Tony Batista and Geoff Jenkins.

This is a document about 1998 Major League Baseball season
  by Roger Maris. Initially, the St. Louis Cardinals' Mark McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. of the Seattle Mariners started the season on a pace to both break Maris' record. In June, the chase was joined by the Chicago Cubs' Sammy Sosa, who broke the decades-old record of Rudy York for most home runs in a calendar month with 20 that month. Eventually, Griffey fell off the record pace, but still ended with 56 homers. Both McGwire and Sosa broke the record in September, with McGwire ultimately finishing with 70 homers to Sosa's 66. McGwire's record would last only three years, with Barry Bonds hitting 73 in 2001. The 1998 season was

This is a document about April 2006 in sports
  Miller, Brady Clark and J. J. Hardy all hit their home runs off Brandon Claussen before the first out was recorded in the inning. Prince Fielder hit the fifth homer off Chris Hammond with two outs.  Miller and Clark hit two-run homers, while the rest were solo. (MLB.com) ; Barry Bonds hit his first home run of the season off Aaron Cook in the San Francisco Giants' 6–4 victory over the Colorado Rockies. With 709 career home runs, he is now within five of Babe Ruth's 714 for second on the all-time list.  (MLB.com)

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball single-inning home run leaders
  In baseball, a home run is credited to a batter when he hits a fair ball and reaches home safely on the same play, without the benefit of an error. Fifty-eight different players have hit two home runs in an inning of a Major League Baseball (MLB) game to date, the most recent being Edwin Encarnación of the Seattle Mariners on April 8, 2019. Regarded as a notable achievement, five players have accomplished the feat more than once in their career; no player has ever hit more than two home runs in an inning. Charley Jones was the first player to hit two

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball single-inning home run leaders
  a pair of back-to-back at bats, and as teammates (playing for the Seattle Mariners). Carlos Baerga, Mark Bellhorn, and Kendrys Morales hit their home runs from both sides of the plate. Jeff King is the sole player to accomplish the feat in consecutive seasons. Bill Regan has the fewest career home runs among players who have two home runs in one inning with 18, while Alex Rodriguez, with 696, hit more home runs than any other player in this group and amassed the fourth most in major league history. Willie McCovey, Mark McGwire, David Ortiz, Rodriguez, Gary Sheffield, and Sammy Sosa are also

This is a document about History of baseball
  decades-old single-season home run record, and two more expansion franchises were added. In 2000, the National and American Leagues were dissolved as legal entities. While their identities were maintained for scheduling purposes (and the designated hitter distinction), the regulations and other functions—such as player discipline and umpire supervision—they had administered separately were consolidated under the rubric of Major League Baseball (MLB). In 2001, Barry Bonds established the current record of 73 home runs in a single season. There had long been suspicions that the dramatic increase in power hitting was fueled in large part by the abuse of illegal steroids (as well as by the dilution of pitching talent due to

This is a document about 2019 Major League Baseball season
  a single season with 279 home runs. That's 30 more than the 2000 Houston Astros. ; Elvis Luciano (TOR): ; Is the first player in Major League history born in the 2000s. He made his debut on March 31 against the Detroit Tigers. He won his first game on April 28 against the Oakland Athletics. ; Seattle Mariners: ; Set a Major League record for hitting a home run in a record 15 straight games to open the season, breaking the mark set by the 2002 Cleveland Indians. Dee Gordon hit the home run in the sixth inning against the Kansas

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
  players to break Maris' record, one (McGwire) has since admitted to the use of performance-enhancing substances during his playing career and the others (Sosa and Bonds) are both widely suspected to have used such substances as well. The 1998 and 2001 seasons each had 4 players hit 50 or more home runs – Greg Vaughn, Ken Griffey, Jr., Sosa, and McGwire in 1998 and Alex Rodriguez, Luis Gonzalez, Sosa, and Bonds in 2001. A player has hit 50 or more home runs 42 times, 25 times since 1990. The lowest home run total to lead a major league was four, recorded in the NL by Lip Pike in 1877 and Paul Hines in 1878.

Barry Bonds holds the record for the most home runs in a single year with 73, which he hit in 2001.


Question: who won the fair play award in football world cup 1986

Answer: Mexico

This is a document about FIFA World Cup awards
 was originally a certificate. From 1982 to 1990, it had been a golden trophy based on Sport Billy, a football-playing cartoon character from 1982 who became an icon for FIFA Fair play. Ever since 1994, it is simply a trophy with an elegant footballer figure. Peru was the first nation to win the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico. The "Man of the Match" award picks the outstanding player in every game of the tournament since 2002. While the inaugural two editions were chosen by the technical group, the

This is a document about FIFA World Cup awards
 who finished ahead of the Peruvian Teófilo Cubillas, the best young player at Mexico 1970, and England's Michael Owen, who reached similar heights at France 98. The "FIFA Fair Play Trophy" is given to the team with the best record of fair play during the World Cup final tournament since 1970. Only teams that qualified for the second round are considered. The winners of this award earn the FIFA Fair Play Trophy, a diploma, a fair play medal for each player and official, and $50,000 worth of football equipment to be used for youth development. The appearance of the award

This is a document about Olaf Heredia
 Olaf Heredia Carlos Olaf Heredia Orozco (born 19 October 1957) is a Mexican football goalkeeper who played for Mexico in the 1986 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Tigres de la UANL. Born in Apatzingán, Heredia was the fifth of seven children and devoted himself to football. He began playing football with UNAM Pumas and made his Mexican Primera División debut against Atlético Potosino in 1978. Heredia would play six seasons with Pumas, and won the 1980–81 Primera title with the club. After leaving Pumas, Heredia had spells with Tigres de la UANL, Monarcas Morelia, Cruz Azul and Santos

This is a document about Júlio César (footballer, born 1963)
 once again, to play for Rio Branco, in 2001, where he retired. Júlio César played 13 official matches for the Brazilian national team, from April 1986 to June 1993; he made his debut on 8 April 1986, in a 3–0 home win over East Germany. He also played for Brazil against "The Rest of the World" in 1989 and for "The Rest of the World" against Brazil in 1990. He played for Brazil at the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico and won the Best Central Defender Award, being elected to the team of the tournament. However, his outstanding performance

This is a document about South Africa at the FIFA World Cup
 but his shot bounced off the post. Tshabalala was named as the man of the match. South Africa's coach, Carlos Alberto Parreira called the result "fair", while Mexico's coach Javier Aguirre stated "we could have won, we could have lost". South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup , usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of "Fédération Internationale de Football Association"

This is a document about Angola national football team
 once for a FIFA World Cup. Its first participation in the World Cup qualifiers was in 1986, where they won in the first round, beating Senegal 4−3 on penalty kicks. They later lost in the second round of the 1986 World Cup qualifiers to Algeria. Algeria went to the third round and qualified for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico. Angola's first participation in the World Cup was in the 2006 World Cup, in Germany. The following players have been selected for the 2019 AFCON Qualifyer matches against Burkina Faso in 18 November 2018. <br>"Caps and goals updated as of

This is a document about FIFA Fair Play Award
   The FIFA Fair Play Award is a FIFA recognition of exemplary behaviour that promotes the spirit of fair play and compassion in :association football around the world. First awarded in 1987, it has been presented to individuals (including posthumously), teams, fans, spectators, football associations/federations and even entire footballing communities. One or more awards are presented annually, with there being at least one recipient each year except in 1994, when no award was presented.

This is a document about Germany national under-20 football team
 Silver Ball: Michael Zorc (1981) ; Bronze Ball: Roland Wohlfarth (1981), Marcel Witeczek (1987) ; Golden Shoe: Marcel Witeczek (1987) ; Silver Shoe: Ralf Loose (1981), Roland Wohlfarth (1981) ; Bronze Shoe: Marc Stendera (2015) FIFA Fair Play Award: 1987 Individual Team

This is a document about Germany national youth football team
 Golden Ball: Toni Kroos (2007) ; Golden Shoe: Marcel Witeczek (1985) FIFA Fair Play Award: 1985 Individual Team

This is a document about Argentina at the FIFA World Cup
 Golden Ball 1978: Mario Kempes ; Golden Ball 1986: Diego Maradona ; Golden Ball 2014: Lionel Messi ; Silver Ball 1930: Guillermo Stábile ; Bronze Ball 1990: Diego Maradona Golden Boot 1930: Guillermo Stábile ; Golden Boot 1978: Mario Kempes ; Silver Boot 1986: Diego Maradona ; Silver Boot 1998: Gabriel Batistuta ; Silver Boot 2006: Hernán Crespo Golden Glove 1978: Ubaldo Fillol ; Golden Glove 1990: Sergio Goycochea (shared) Man of the Match award 2014: Lionel Messi José Pékerman won the FIFA Fair Play Trophy as a coach with Colombia in 2014.

This is a document about Football at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
  Japan and Sweden won the FIFA Fair Play Award, given to the team with the best record of fair play during the tournament. Every match in the tournament was taken into account, though only teams that played at least three matches were eligible to win the award.

This is a document about England at the FIFA World Cup
 World Champions 1966 ; FIFA Fair Play Trophy 1990 ; FIFA Fair Play Trophy 1998 (shared) Golden Ball 1966: Bobby Charlton ; Silver Ball 1966: Bobby Moore ; Golden Boot 1986: Gary Lineker ; Golden Boot 2018: Harry Kane ; Bronze Boot 1966: Geoff Hurst ; Golden Glove 1966: Gordon Banks ; Best Young Player Award 1998: Michael Owen Most penalty shoot-outs lost: 3 (shared with Italy and Spain) ; Biggest World Cup victory: 6-1 vs Panama, 2018 Group Stage Only hattrick in a final: Geoff Hurst (1966 v West Germany) ; Oldest captain: Peter Shilton (age 40 years and 292 days, 1990 v Italy) ; Most clean sheets: Peter Shilton (10, 1982–1990) (shared with Fabien Barthez) Team Awards  Individual Awards  Team Records  Individual Records

This is a document about Russia national under-20 football team
 Golden Ball: Vladimir Bessonov (1977) ; Golden Shoe: Oleg Salenko (1989), Sergei Sherbakov (1991) FIFA Fair Play Award: 1991 Individual Team

This is a document about FIFA World Cup awards
  The FIFA Fair Play Trophy is given to the team with the best record of fair play during the World Cup final tournament since 1970. Only teams that qualified for the second round are considered. The winners of this award earn the FIFA Fair Play Trophy, a diploma, a fair play medal for each player and official, and $50,000 worth of football equipment to be used for youth development. The appearance of the award was originally a certificate. From 1982 to 1990, it had been a golden trophy based on Sport Billy, a football-playing cartoon character from 1982 who became an icon for FIFA Fair play. Ever since 1994, it is simply a trophy with an elegant footballer figure. Peru was the first nation to win the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico.

This is a document about 2010 FIFA World Cup Final
  Casillas (who per tradition went last) was presented with the trophy by Zuma and FIFA president Sepp Blatter. As Casillas raised the trophy, a short version of the tournament's official anthem "Sign of a Victory" was played. Iniesta was named the man of the match, while Casillas won the Golden Glove from FIFA for the tournament's best goalkeeper and the Spanish team won the Fair Play Trophy. With fourteen during the match – nine to the Netherlands and five to Spain – the match set the record for the most bookings in a World Cup final, more than doubling the previous record of six from the 1986 final between West

This is a document about Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
 Winner:  Germany won the FIFA Fair Play Award, given to the team with the best record of fair play during the tournament.

This is a document about Argentina at the FIFA World Cup
 World Champions 1978 ; World Champions 1986 ; 2nd Place 1930 ; 2nd Place 1990 ; 2nd Place 2014 ; Fair Play Award 1978

This is a document about Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
 Winner:  The United States won the FIFA Fair Play Award, given to the team with the best record of fair play during the tournament.

This is a document about Timeline of association football
  FIFA tournament, the World Championship Under 16, as Nigeria surprisingly defeat favourites West Germany 2–0 in China. The Artemio Franchi Trophy is organized for the first time, won and hosted by France. Michel Platini wins for the third consecutive time the Ballon d'Or, a record then. The 1986 World Cup finals are played for the second time in Mexico, with Argentina defeating West Germany 3–2 for their second title at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City; the tournament sees the dominance of Argentinian player Diego Maradona, scoring the infamous Hand of God goal, before his "Goal of the Century" solo dribble

Peru won the FIFA Fair Play Trophy at the 1986 FIFA World Cup.


Question: when was the canadian charter of rights and freedoms made

Answer: 1982

This is a document about Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the "Constitution Act, 1982". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April 17,

This is a document about Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 of law" also appear in the party's official policies regarding what they feel all laws should be based upon, and the party states, "'Human rights' as expressed in the ;"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" can only, therefore, be legitimately interpreted in light of, or in conjunction with, the higher Moral Law of God." Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the introductory sentence to the Constitution of Canada's Charter of Rights and "Constitution Act, 1982". In full, it reads, Writing in 1982, when the "Charter" came

This is a document about Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section of the Charter that, as part of a range of provisions within the section 25 to section 31 bloc, helps determine how rights in other sections of the Charter should be interpreted and applied by the courts. It is believed that section 27 "officially recognized" a Canadian value, namely multiculturalism. The section reads, When the Charter was enacted in 1982, constitutional scholar Peter Hogg observed that this section did not actually contain a right; namely, it did

This is a document about Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 30 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a section that, like other provisions within the section 25 to section 31 block, provides a guide as to how Charter rights should be interpreted and applied by Canadian courts. Section 30's particular role is to address how the Charter applies in the territories of Canada. In 1982, when section 30 first became law, these were the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory. The Yukon Territory has since been renamed Yukon, and Nunavut was created from the eastern Northwest

This is a document about Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 34 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the last section of Canada's Charter of Rights, which is entrenched in the "Constitution Act, 1982". Section 34 provides guidance for the legal citation of the "Charter". The section has been interpreted by Canadian writers, who have analyzed both its intention and its meaning. Because the section affirms the name of the "Charter" and thus entrenches it in the "Constitution Act", it came into focus in 1994 when a Member of Parliament (MP) proposed to change the name of

This is a document about Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the introductory sentence to the Constitution of Canada's Charter of Rights and "Constitution Act, 1982". In full, it reads, Writing in 1982, when the "Charter" came into force, constitutional scholar Peter Hogg noted that these words, being a preamble, could not really be applied by the courts but in theory could help to determine how other sections of the "Charter" should be read and applied. In this particular case, however, Hogg expressed doubt as to how much help this preamble

This is a document about Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 rights. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (), in Canada often simply the Charter, is a bill of rights entrenched in the Constitution of Canada. It forms the first part of the "Constitution Act, 1982". The Charter guarantees certain political rights to Canadian citizens and civil rights of everyone in Canada from the policies and actions of all areas and levels of the government. It is designed to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II of Canada on April

This is a document about Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 14 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 14 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the last section under the "Legal rights" heading in the "Charter". It provides anyone in a court the right to an interpreter if the person does not speak the language being used or is deaf. The section states: Before the "Charter" was enacted in 1982, the right to an interpreter in a trial existed under the common law, because it was believed to be necessary for natural justice. The right was incorporated into the "Canadian Bill of Rights" in

This is a document about Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 aspires to be a statement by Canadians about the rights and freedoms which we as Canadians deeply value in our democratic society." MacLellan added that section 1 implied a need for responsibilities, so "It is not necessary to change the title of this charter to emphasize the integral relationship between the individual's rights and his or her responsibility to the rest of society." Section 34 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 34 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the last section of Canada's Charter of Rights, which is entrenched in the "Constitution Act, 1982".

This is a document about Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 25 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the first section under the heading "General" in the "Charter", and like other sections within the "General" sphere, it aids in the interpretation of rights elsewhere in the "Charter". While section 25 is also the Charter section that deals most directly with Aboriginal peoples in Canada, it does not create or constitutionalize rights for them. The "Charter" is a part of the larger "Constitution Act, 1982". Aboriginal rights, including treaty rights, receive more direct constitutional protection under section 35

This is a document about Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 provincial governments, including that of Prince Edward Island, as well as the New Democratic Party, opposed the change. The NDP thought that if property rights were enshrined in the Charter, other economic rights should be added. In September 1982, after the Charter had been enacted, the government of British Columbia approved of an unsuccessful amendment to section 7 that would protect property rights. "See Unsuccessful attempts to amend the Canadian Constitution for more information. Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 7 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is a constitutional provision that protects

This is a document about Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 23 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the section of the Constitution of Canada that guarantees minority language educational rights to French-speaking communities outside Quebec, and, to a lesser extent, English-speaking minorities in Quebec. The section may be particularly notable, in that some scholars believe that section 23 "was the only part of the Charter with which Pierre Trudeau was truly concerned." Trudeau was the prime minister who fought for the inclusion of the "Charter of Rights" in the Constitution of Canada in 1982. Section 23(1)(b),

This is a document about Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 Section 16.1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 16.1 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" is the newest section of the Charter. It was enacted by the Constitution Amendment, 1993 (New Brunswick) and guarantees equality between English-speaking and French-speaking New Brunswickers. Section 16.1 (pronounced "sixteen point one") is not to be confused with subsection 16(1) ("sixteen one"), which is part of section 16 and goes back to 1982. Section 16.1 is a separate section; the "point one" numbering simply indicates that at some time (i.e. in 1993) an amendment inserted this new section between two

This is a document about Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 of the "Charter" permits Parliament or the provincial legislatures to enact laws that place certain kinds of limited restrictions on the freedoms listed under section 2. Additionally, these freedoms can be temporarily invalidated by section 33, the "notwithstanding clause", of the "Charter". As a part of the "Charter" and of the larger "Constitution Act, 1982", section 2 took legal effect on April 17, 1982. However, many of its rights have roots in Canada in the 1960 "Canadian Bill of Rights" (although this law was of limited effectiveness), and in traditions under a theorized Implied Bill of Rights. Many of these

This is a document about Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 the traditional, limited understanding of what each right meant when the Charter was adopted in 1982, but rather on changing the scope of rights as appropriate to fit their broader purpose. This is tied to the "generous interpretation" of rights, as the purpose of the Charter provisions is assumed to be to increase rights and freedoms of people in a variety of circumstances, at the expense of the government powers. Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has approved of the generous approach in some cases, although for others he argues the purpose of the provisions was not to achieve a set of

This is a document about Culture of Canada
 in law over all other languages used in Canada. Prior to the advent of the Canadian Bill of Rights in 1960 and its successor the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, the laws of Canada did not provide much in the way of civil rights and this issue was typically of limited concern to the courts. Canada since the 1960s has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all people. Multiculturalism in Canada was adopted as the official policy of the Canadian government and is enshrined in Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In

This is a document about Canadian privacy law
 "Hunter v. Southam". In this case, Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) was found "to protect individuals from unjustified state intrusions upon their privacy" and the court stated such "Charter" rights should be interpreted broadly. Later, in a 1988 Supreme Court case, the right to privacy was established as "an essential component of individual freedom". The court report from "R. v. Dyment" states, "From the earliest stage of "Charter" interpretation, this Court has made it clear that the rights it guarantees [including privacy rights] must be interpreted generously, and not in a narrow or legalistic

This is a document about Constitution Act, 1982
  The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the first Part of the Constitution Act, 1982. The Charter is a bill of rights to protect certain political rights, legal rights and human rights of people in Canada from the policies and actions of all levels of government. An additional goal of the Charter is to unify Canadians around a set of principles that embody those rights. The Charter was preceded by the Canadian Bill of Rights, which was created by the government of John Diefenbaker in 1960. However, the Bill of Rights was only a federal statute and was limited in its effectiveness because it is not directly applicable to provincial laws. This motivated some within government to establish unambiguously-constitutional-level bill of rights for all Canadians. The movement

This is a document about Constitutional debate in Canada
  The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was enshrined into the constitution of Canada in 1982. The charter covers fundamental liberties, democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights, equality rights, language rights and minority language education rights.

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was made and came into effect on April 17, 1982.


Question: how many jurors in a criminal case in ny

Answer: 6 - 12 people

This is a document about Juries in the United States
 the law in a specific case. They consist of 6-12 people and their deliberations are private. Their decision is known as a verdict and decides whether a person is guilty or not guilty. Currently in the United States every person accused of a crime punishable by incarceration for more than six months has a constitutional right to a trial by jury, which arises in federal court from the Sixth Amendment, the Seventh Amendment, and Article Three of the United States Constitution, which states in part, "The Trial of all Crimes ... shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be

This is a document about Grand juries in the United States
  In the State of New York, while a person can initially be charged with a felony via a sworn written accusation alone (a "felony complaint"), the state constitution provides a defendant with a right to have all felonies prosecuted by way of a grand jury indictment. This right can be waived by a defendant, who can then be prosecuted using an indictment substitute called a "superior court information." Grand juries are composed of between 16 and 23 jurors (16 being a quorum for all proceedings) and indictments require a minimum vote of 12 such jurors. Grand juries may produce not only indictments but may direct the filing of misdemeanor charges in local courts, the removal of cases to Family Court, and may also issue "grand jury reports" concerning malfeasance of public officials and recommending their discipline. Both the prosecutor and the grand

This is a document about Hung jury
  In Canada, the jury must reach a unanimous decision on criminal cases. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, a hung jury is declared. A new panel of jurors will be selected for the retrial. Each jury in criminal courts contains 12 jurors. In civil cases, only six people are necessary for a jury, and if there is only one dissenter (i.e. a 5-1 vote) the dissenter can be ignored with the majority opinion becoming the final verdict.

This is a document about Jury system in Hong Kong
  Provided in Section 25(4) of the Jury Ordinance, the jury shall consist of not less than five persons in any civil or criminal trial or coroner's inquest. Accordingly, criminal cases are normally tried by a seven-person jury. From time to time, at the discretion of the judge, a jury may increase in size to nine jurors.

This is a document about Jury
  Scotland, a jury in a criminal trial consists of 15 jurors, which is thought to be the largest in the world. In 2009 a review by the Scottish Government regarding the possibility of reduction led to the decision to retain 15 jurors, with the Cabinet Secretary for Justice stating that after extensive consultation, he had decided that Scotland had got it "uniquely right". Trials in the Republic of Ireland which are scheduled to last over 2 months can, but do not have to, have 15 jurors. A study by the University of Glasgow suggested that a civil jury of 12 people was ineffective because a few jurors ended up dominating the discussion, and that seven was a better number because more people feel comfortable speaking, and they have an easier time reaching a unanimous decision.

This is a document about Murder of Joey Fischer
  charge since she had pleaded guilty to conspiracy the week before. On February 11, the defense attorneys were halfway through the jury selection after selecting a total of seven. On February 16, nine jurors had been selected, but the total number of strikes was reduced after 25 jurors were struck because they had pre-conceived opinions of the defendants. The defense had used 10 strikes between them and had only six left. The prosecution, on the other hand, had eight strikes left. By February 23, eleven jurors had been selected. Only two open spots were available for jurors, one being an alternate.

This is a document about Andrew Cuomo sexual harassment allegations
  Later, State Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie approved the State Assembly's judiciary committee's request to initiate an impeachment investigation into the allegations. James said the impeachment investigation would have "no bearing" on her own investigation. The first step in impeaching a sitting New York governor after the drafting of the articles of impeachment is a simple majority vote in the State Assembly to approve the articles. 76 out of the 150 members would need to vote to approve the articles. The trial in the State Senate would occur next. 62 out of the 63 members would act as jurors (Majority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins would have to recuse herself because she is in the line of succession as the Temporary President of the State Senate, which coincides with the position of Majority Leader). The 7 judges of the New York Court of Appeals, New York's highest court, would also be jurors in the trial. There would need to be a 2/3 majority of those 69 jurors to convict which would be 46. Before Cuomo resigned, both the Assembly and State Senate had the votes to impeach and remove him from office.

This is a document about Hung jury
  may retry any defendant on any count on which the jury could not agree." In jurisdictions giving those involved in the case a choice of jury size (such as between a six-person and 12-person jury), defense counsel in both civil and criminal cases frequently opt for the larger number of jurors. A common axiom in criminal cases is that "it takes only one to hang," referring to the fact that in some cases, a single juror can defeat the required unanimity. One proposal for dealing with the difficulties associated with hung juries has been to introduce supermajority verdicts to allow juries to convict

This is a document about New York Supreme Court
  In New York City, all felony cases are heard in criminal terms. The Criminal Term of the Supreme Court, New York County is divided into 1 all purpose part, 15 conference and trial parts, 1 youth part, 1 narcotics/sci part, 1 felony waiver/sci part, 1 integrated domestic violence part, and 16 trial parts, which include 3 Judicial Diversion Parts and 1 Mental Health Part.

This is a document about Assata Shakur
  A total of 408 potential jurors were questioned during the voir dire, which concluded on February 14. All of the 15 jurors—ten women and five men—were white, and most were under thirty years old. Five jurors had personal ties to State Troopers (one girlfriend, two nephews, and two friends). A sixteenth female juror was removed before the trial formally opened, when it was determined that Sheriff Joseph DeMarino of Middlesex County, while a private detective several years earlier, had worked for a lawyer who represented the juror's husband. Judge Appleby repeatedly denied Kunstler's requests for DeMarino to be removed from his responsibilities for

This is a document about Jury trial
  testimony from witnesses. A civil jury is typically made up of 6 to 12 persons. In a civil case, the role of the jury is to listen to the evidence presented at a trial, to decide whether the defendant injured the plaintiff or otherwise failed to fulfill a legal duty to the plaintiff, and to determine what the compensation or penalty should be. A criminal jury is usually made up of 12 members, though fewer may sit on cases involving lesser offenses. Criminal juries decide whether the defendant committed the crime as charged. In several southern states, the jury sets punishment, while in most states and

This is a document about Not proven
  In Scotland, a criminal case may be decided either in solemn procedure by a jury (instructed by the judge), or in summary procedure by the judge alone (with no jury appointed). There are various rules for when the one or the other procedure may or must be employed; in general, juries are employed for the more severe accusations, while petty crimes and offences are treated summarily. A criminal case jury consists of fifteen jurors, who make their decision by a simple majority vote: eight votes are necessary and sufficient for the verdict guilty, which has replaced the verdict proven. Approximately one-third of all acquittal

This is a document about New York City Criminal Court
  New York City Criminal Court judges are appointed by the Mayor of New York City to 10-year terms from a list of candidates submitted by the Mayor's Advisory Committee on the Judiciary. The Mayor's Advisory Committee is composed of up to nineteen members, all of whom are volunteers and are appointed with the Mayor's approval: the Mayor selects nine members; the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals nominates four members; the Presiding Justices of the Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court for the First and Second Judicial Departments each nominate two members; and deans of the law schools within New York City, on an annual rotating basis, each nominate one member. In addition, the Committee on the Judiciary of the New York City Bar Association, in conjunction with the county bar association in the relevant county, investigates and evaluates the qualifications of all candidates for judicial

This is a document about Jury
  guilt or innocence must be unanimous, but can disagree on the evidentiary route that leads to that disposition. Juries do not make a recommendation as to the length of sentence, except for parole ineligibility for second-degree murder (but the judge is not bound by the jury's recommendation, and the jury is not required to make a recommendation). Jury selection is in accordance with specific criteria. Prospective jurors may only be asked certain questions, selected for direct pertinence to impartiality or other relevant matters. Any other questions must be approved by the judge. A jury in a criminal trial is initially composed of 12 jurors. The trial judge has the discretion to direct that one or two alternate jurors also be

This is a document about Felony murder and the death penalty in the United States
  "The jury... is a significant and reliable objective index of contemporary values because it is so directly involved" in the criminal justice system. In Enmund the Court recited that of 362 appellate decisions since 1954, only 6 involved a death sentence for a nontriggerman convicted of felony murder, and all 6 executions took place in 1955. This was comparatively rarer than death sentences for rape, of which there had been 72 between 1955 and 1977. Also, as of October 1, 1981, there were 796 people on death row in the United States, of whom only 3 had been sentenced to death absent a finding that the defendant had actually killed someone or intended that a killing take place. In Tison, however, the fact that since Enmund, state appellate courts continued to review and approve death sentences for defendants convicted of felony murder who were major participants in the underlying felony and had exhibited extreme indifference to human life persuaded the Court that juries still considered the death penalty an appropriate punishment for at least some defendants convicted of felony murder.

This is a document about Jury
  Three professional judges sit alongside six jurors in first instance proceedings or nine in appeal proceedings. Before 2012, there were nine or twelve jurors, but this was reduced to cut spending. A two-thirds majority is needed in order to convict the defendant. During these procedures, judges and jurors have equal positions on questions of fact, while judges decide on questions of procedure. Judges and jurors also have equal positions on sentencing.

This is a document about New York Supreme Court
  controversy required to have a case heard in the Commercial Division varies among these Commercial Division courts, ranging from $50,000 in Albany and Onondaga Counties to $500,000 in New York County, but the Commercial Division rules (Section 202.70) are otherwise uniform. With respect to criminal cases, the Criminal Branch of Supreme Court tries felony cases in the five counties of New York City, whereas they are primarily heard by the County Court elsewhere. Misdemeanor cases, and arraignments in almost all cases, are handled by lower courts: the New York City Criminal Court; the District Court in Nassau County and the five western towns of Suffolk County; city courts; and justice courts, and so on.

This is a document about Jury trial
  of law, the court grants a jury trial. In accordance with Beacon Theaters, the jury first determines the facts, then the judge enter judgment on the equitable claims. Following the English tradition, U.S. juries have usually been composed of 12 jurors, and the jury's verdict has usually been required to be unanimous. However, in many jurisdictions, the number of jurors is often reduced to a lesser number (such as five or six) by legislative enactment, or by agreement of both sides. Some jurisdictions also permit a verdict to be returned despite the dissent of one, two, or three jurors.

This is a document about Jury
  The "petit jury" (or "trial jury", sometimes "petty jury") hears the evidence in a trial as presented by both the plaintiff (petitioner) and the defendant (respondent). After hearing the evidence and often jury instructions from the judge, the group retires for deliberation, to consider a verdict. The majority required for a verdict varies. In some cases it must be unanimous, while in other jurisdictions it may be a majority or supermajority. A jury that is unable to come to a verdict is referred to as a hung jury. The size of the jury varies; in criminal cases involving serious felonies there are usually 12 jurors. In civil cases many trials require fewer than twelve jurors.

This is a document about Jury trial
  In the Republic of Ireland, a common law jurisdiction, jury trials are available for criminal cases before the Circuit Court, Central Criminal Court and defamation cases, consisting of twelve jurors. Juries only decide questions of fact; they have no role in criminal sentencing in criminal cases or awarding damages in libel cases. It is not necessary that a jury be unanimous in its verdict. In civil cases, a verdict may be reached by a majority of nine of the twelve members. In a criminal case, a verdict need not be unanimous where there are not fewer than eleven jurors if ten of them agree on a verdict after considering the case for a reasonable time. Juries are selected from a jury panel, which is picked at

In a criminal case in New York, a jury consists of 12 jurors. However, a defendant can waive a grand jury indictment and instead have a felony prosecuted by a superior court complaint, which results in a trial by a jury of 12 jurors.


Question: the yellowstone supervolcano is an example of which kind of volcanism

Answer: hotspot

This is a document about Yellowstone Caldera
 (which created the Henry's Fork Caldera and the Mesa Falls Tuff); and the Lava Creek eruption approximately 630,000 years ago (which created the Yellowstone Caldera and the Lava Creek Tuff). Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent, with calderas that were created during large eruptions that took place 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 630,000 years ago. The calderas lie over a hotspot where light and hot magma (molten rock) from the mantle rises toward the surface. While the Yellowstone hotspot is now under the Yellowstone Plateau, it did help to create the eastern Snake River Plain (to the west of Yellowstone)

This is a document about Yellowstone National Park
 the active part of a hotspot that has moved northeast over time. The origin of this hotspot volcanism is disputed. One theory holds that a mantle plume has caused the Yellowstone hotspot to migrate northeast, while another theory explains migrating hotspot volcanism as the result of the fragmentation and dynamics of the subducted Farallon Plate in Earth's interior. The Yellowstone Caldera is the largest volcanic system in North America. It has been termed a "supervolcano" because the caldera was formed by exceptionally large explosive eruptions. The magma chamber that lies under Yellowstone is estimated to be a single connected chamber,

This is a document about Yellowstone Caldera
 that produce exceptionally large volcanic eruptions. Thus defined, the Yellowstone Supervolcano is the volcanic field which produced the latest three supereruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot; it also produced one additional smaller eruption, thereby creating the West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake 174,000 years ago. The three supereruptions occurred 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and approximately 630,000 years ago, forming the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and Yellowstone calderas, respectively. The Island Park Caldera supereruption (2.1 million years ago), which produced the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, was the largest, and produced 2,500 times as much ash as the 1980 Mount St. Helens

This is a document about Yellowstone hotspot
 climactic fourth caldera event analogous to the fourth and final caldera-forming eruption of Heise (the Kilgore Tuff) – which was also made up of so-called "light" magmas. The appearance of "light" magmas would seem to indicate that the uppermost portion of the continental crust has largely been consumed by the earlier caldera- forming events, exhausting the melting potential of the crust above the mantle plume. In this case Yellowstone could be expiring. It could be another 1–2 million years (as the North American Plate moves across the Yellowstone hotspot) before a new supervolcano is born to the northeast, and the

This is a document about Timeline of volcanism on Earth
 Yellowstone Caldera, Henry's Fork Caldera, Island Park Caldera, Heise Volcanic Field had all Yellowstone hotspot as magma source. 2.588 ± 0.005 million years BP, the Quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch begin. Approximately 5.332 million years BP, the Pliocene epoch begins. Most eruptions before the Quaternary period have an unknown VEI. Approximately 23.03 million years BP, the Neogene period and Miocene epoch begin. The global dimming through volcanism (ash aerosol and sulfur dioxide) is quite independent of the eruption VEI. When sulfur dioxide (boiling point at standard state: -10 °C) reacts with water vapor, it creates sulfate ions (the precursors to

This is a document about Seismic tomography
 and compositional differences. The Yellowstone hotspot is responsible for volcanism at the Yellowstone Caldera and a series of extinct calderas along the Snake River Plain. The Yellowstone Geodynamic Project sought to image the plume beneath the hotspot. They found a strong low-velocity body from ~30 to 250 km depth beneath Yellowstone and a weaker anomaly from 250 to 650 km depth which dipped 60° west-northwest. The authors attribute these features to the mantle plume beneath the hotspot being deflected eastward by flow in the upper mantle seen in S-wave models. The Hawaii hotspot produced the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain. Tomographic images

This is a document about Yellowstone hotspot
 Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field joins the ranks of its deceased ancestors in the Snake River Plain. (References to be added: Kathryn Watts (Nov 2007) GeoTimes "Yellowstone and Heise: Supervolcanoes that Lighten Up": Kathryn E. Watts, Ilya N. Bindeman and Axel K. Schmitt (2011) Petrology, Vol. 52, No. 5, "Large-volume Rhyolite Genesis in Caldera Complexes of the Snake River Plain: Insights from the Kilgore Tuff of the Heise Volcanic Field, Idaho, with Comparison to Yellowstone and Bruneau-Jarbidge Rhyolites" pp. 857–890). Yellowstone hotspot The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho, Montana,

This is a document about Long Valley Caldera
 creek was closed to swimming in 2006 after geothermal activity in the area increased. There are a number of other hot springs in the area, some of which are open to bathers. The tectonic causes of the Long Valley volcanism are still largely unexplained and are therefore a matter of much ongoing research. Long Valley is not above a hotspot as is Yellowstone or Hawaii, nor is it the result of subduction such as that which produces the volcanism of the Cascades. The known volcanic history of the Long Valley Caldera area started a few million years ago when magma

This is a document about Yellowstone hotspot
 Yellowstone hotspot The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming as the North American tectonic plate moved over it. It formed the eastern Snake River Plain through a succession of caldera-forming eruptions. The resulting calderas include the Island Park Caldera, the Henry's Fork Caldera, and the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera. The hotspot currently lies under the Yellowstone Caldera. The hotspot's most recent caldera-forming supereruption, known as the Lava Creek eruption, took place 640,000 years ago and created the Lava Creek Tuff, and the most recent Yellowstone Caldera.

This is a document about Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
 hotspot essentially emplaced the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province as a whole throughout the associated landscape. The associated Mackenzie plume is consistent with mantle plumes that have deep origins within the Earth's mantle. The Mackenzie hotspot is interpreted to have been similar to the early volcanism of the Yellowstone hotspot. Both hotspots produced massive qualities of basaltic lava flows that were identical with the formation of dike swarms during a short period of time at the beginning of mantle plume volcanism. It is estimated that the majority of volcanism that formed the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province took place no more than

This is a document about Yellowstone Caldera
 origin. As the Yellowstone hotspot traveled to the east and north, the Columbia disturbance moved northward and eventually subsided. An alternate theory to the mantle plume model was proposed in 2018. It is suggested that the volcanism may be caused by upwellings from the lower mantle resulting from water-rich fragments of the Farallon plate descending from the Cascadia subduction region, sheared off at a subducted spreading rift. Volcanic and tectonic actions in the region cause between 1,000 and 2,000 measurable earthquakes annually. Most are relatively minor, measuring a magnitude of 3 or weaker. Occasionally, numerous earthquakes are detected in a

This is a document about Itcha Range
 number of mechanisms have been proposed to interpret the origin of volcanism in the Anahim Volcanic Belt. This includes rift propagation and melting of mantle associated with lithospheric fracturing due to flexuring of the crust along the northern edge of the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate. However, insignificant evidence exists to support these hypotheses. The most common and best mechanism used to explain Anahim Belt volcanic activity is a stationary hotspot. This is supported by a well-defined progression in age of volcanism from west to east along the belt that compares well with the age trend of the Yellowstone hotspot

This is a document about Timeline of volcanism on Earth
 Yellowstone hotspot, the Santorini caldera, and the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Only some eruptions before the Neogene period are listed. Active volcanoes such as Stromboli, Mount Etna and Kilauea do not appear on this list, but some back-arc basin volcanoes that generated calderas do appear. Some dangerous volcanoes in "populated areas" appear many times: so Santorini, six times and Yellowstone hotspot, twenty-one times. The Bismarck volcanic arc, New Britain, and the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, appear often too. In addition to the events listed below, are many examples of eruptions in the Holocene on the Kamchatka Peninsula, which are described

This is a document about Columbia River Basalt Group
 Range of the Pacific Northwest were flooded with lava flows. Both flows are similar in both composition and age, and have been attributed to a common source, the Yellowstone hotspot. The ultimate cause of the volcanism is still up for debate, but the most widely accepted idea is that the mantle plume or upwelling (similar to that associated with present-day Hawaii) initiated the widespread and voluminous basaltic volcanism about 17 million years ago. As hot mantle plume materials rise and reach lower pressures, the hot materials melt and interact with the materials in the upper mantle, creating magma. Once that

This is a document about Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera
 basaltic component. Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera The Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera (sometimes called a supervolcano) is located in present-day southwest Idaho. The volcano erupted during the Miocene, between ten and twelve million years ago, spreading a thick blanket of ash in the Bruneau-Jarbidge event and forming a caldera. Animals were suffocated and burned in pyroclastic flows within a hundred miles of the event, and died of slow suffocation and starvation much farther away, notably at Ashfall Fossil Beds, located 1,000 miles downwind in northeastern Nebraska, where up to two meters of ash were deposited. At the time, the caldera was above the Yellowstone hotspot.

This is a document about Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera
 Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera The Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera (sometimes called a supervolcano) is located in present-day southwest Idaho. The volcano erupted during the Miocene, between ten and twelve million years ago, spreading a thick blanket of ash in the Bruneau-Jarbidge event and forming a caldera. Animals were suffocated and burned in pyroclastic flows within a hundred miles of the event, and died of slow suffocation and starvation much farther away, notably at Ashfall Fossil Beds, located 1,000 miles downwind in northeastern Nebraska, where up to two meters of ash were deposited. At the time, the caldera was above the Yellowstone hotspot. By its

This is a document about Yellowstone hotspot
 is similar to the eastern plain, but differs by having thick sections of interbedded lacustrine (lake) and fluvial (stream) sediments, including the Hagerman Fossil Beds. Although the McDermitt volcanic field on the Nevada–Oregon border is frequently shown as the site of the initial impingement of the Yellowstone Hotspot, new geochronology and mapping demonstrates that the area affected by this mid-Miocene volcanism is significantly larger than previously appreciated. Three silicic calderas have been newly identified in northwest Nevada, west of the McDermitt volcanic field as well as the Virgin Valley Caldera. These calderas, along with the Virgin Valley Caldera and McDermitt

This is a document about Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
 two million years, and subsequent volcanism is unknown. However, the younger and smaller Franklin Large Igneous Province just to the northeast is considered to have been formed by a similar mantle plume between 727 and 721 million years ago. The short time span of two million years for magma emplacement in the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is also present for the Yellowstone hotspot. At the beginning of the Mackenzie magmatic event, the Mackenzie hotspot collided with lithosphere that was already in an extensional regime that allowed rifting to occur. Passive rifting has been interpreted as the mechanism that produced the

This is a document about Brothers Fault Zone
 craton over a plume (hotspot) of material rising from the mantle. But this explanation fails for the so-called "Newberry hotspot" track, which lies oblique to the motion of the craton. One suggestion is that the large blob of molten rock at the head of the plume was sheared off by the advancing edge of the craton, and remained entrained in front of the craton to melt the lithosphere in a broad region, while the tail of the plume was overrun to make the Yellowstone Hotspot track. Age progressive volcanism along the Brothers Fault Zone (as well as the Steens Fault

The Yellowstone Supervolcano is an example of a caldera volcano or a large igneous province, formed by the eruption of a large magma chamber. It is also an example of a supervolcano, which is a volcano that produces an exceptionally large eruption.


Question: what were restaurants called in the old west

Answer: Western saloon

This is a document about Western saloon
 Western saloon A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West. Saloons served customers such as fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, lumberjacks, businessmen, lawmen, miners and gamblers. A saloon might also be known as a "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822, to serve fur trappers. By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas, there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than gambling houses, brothels, and opium

This is a document about Western saloon
   A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West. Saloons served customers such as fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, lumberjacks, businessmen, lawmen, outlaws, miners, and gamblers. A saloon might also be known as a "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822, to serve fur trappers. By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas, there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than casinos, brothels, and opium dens.

This is a document about Food
   Restaurants employ chefs to prepare the food, and waiters to serve customers at the table. The term restaurant comes from an old term for a restorative meat broth; this broth (or bouillon) was served in elegant outlets in Paris from the mid 18th century. These refined "restaurants" were a marked change from the usual basic eateries such as inns and taverns, and some had developed from early Parisian cafés, such as Café Procope, by first serving bouillon, then adding other cooked food to their menus. Commercial eateries existed during the Roman period, with evidence of 150 "thermopolia", a form of fast food restaurant, found in Pompeii, and urban sales of prepared foods may have existed in China during the Song dynasty. In 2005, the population of the United States spent $496 billion on out-of-home dining. Expenditures by type of out-of-home dining were as follows: 40% in full-service restaurants, 37.2% in limited service restaurants (fast food), 6.6% in schools or colleges, 5.4% in bars and vending machines, 4.7% in hotels and motels, 4.0% in recreational places, and 2.2% in others, which includes military bases.

This is a document about New Mexican cuisine
  There have been several restaurants and restaurant chains serving New Mexican cuisine. • Blake's Lotaburger • El Modelo • Frontier Restaurant • Garduño's • Little Anita's • Mac's La Sierra • Mac's Steak in the Rough • Owl Bar and Cafe • Twisters • Sadie's

This is a document about U.S. Route 66
  teepee-shaped motels, frozen custard stands, Indian curio shops, and reptile farms. Meramec Caverns near St. Louis, began advertising on barns, billing itself as the "Jesse James hideout". The Big Texan advertised a free 72 oz steak dinner to anyone who could consume the entire meal in one hour. It also marked the birth of the fast-food industry: Red's Giant Hamburg in Springfield, Missouri, site of the first drive-through restaurant, and the first McDonald's in San Bernardino, California. Changes like these to the landscape further cemented 66's reputation as a near-perfect microcosm of the culture of America, now linked by the automobile.

This is a document about Freedomland U.S.A.
 Burro Trail – An outdoor ride across the park's Rocky Mountains on actual burros. ; Casa Loca – A walk-through crooked house that appeared to defy the law of gravity. ; Gunfight – A live street show with actors engaged in a Western gun fight. ; Mine Caverns – A dark ride on an underground mine train through lava pits that revealed giant bats and cave creatures. Fourteen ride vehicles were used, with four passengers per vehicle. ; Texas Longhorns – An actual herd of steers. ; Tucson Mining Company – The gondola ride. Mexican Restaurant (Libby's Hacienda, or Libby's Frito House) – A restaurant that served quick service meals, along with several "specials" that included Fritos. ; Santa Fe Opera House and Saloon – A soft drink bar that featured a 30-minute stage show with a four-piece band, showgirls, singers and comedians. Some of New York City's radio disc jockeys and program hosts would broadcast from the stage. Mexican Market – Souvenir shop. ; Western Trading Post – Souvenir shop. This section was located on the eastern border of the park, north of Old San Francisco. Attractions included: Restaurants and refreshments included:  Shops included:

This is a document about Pecos Bill Tall Tale Inn and Cafe
  Since the restaurant is technically inside both Frontierland and Adventureland, the inside of it can feel like an Old western town (for Frontierland) or an old Pirate colony (for Adventurland). There are several dining room areas that either fit the Cafe or the Inn part of the title. The menu is Tex-Mex style. Decor includes items that were gifted to Pecos Bill from other western figures. This includes an axe from Paul Bunyan, a hammer and iron nails from John Henry, a mask and silver-bullet from the Lone Ranger, Johnny Appleseed's pot, Casey Jones' train engineer equipment, Davy Crockett's coonskin cap and rifle blueprints and a satchel from George Russel which contains Davy Crockett stories.

This is a document about Empire, Colorado
 Peck House - Historic hotel and restaurant. ; Hard Rock Cafe - This is the original, dating from 1934, and named for the hard rock miners that were its early customers. It predates and is not affiliated with the chain of restaurants that also call themselves the Hard Rock Cafe.

This is a document about Western lifestyle
 Aztec Land & Cattle Company ; Buck Owens Crystal Palace, Western themed restaurant and music hall ; High Noon Western Americana, Western art and antique auction house ; LongHorn Steakhouse, Western and Texas themed restaurant chain ; Roadhouse, Western themed restaurant chain ; Saddle Ranch Chop House, Western themed restaurant chain

This is a document about Soup
  The word restaurant (meaning "[something] restoring") was first used in France in the 16th century, to refer to a highly concentrated, inexpensive soup, sold by street vendors, that was advertised as an antidote to physical exhaustion. In 1765, a Parisian entrepreneur opened a shop specializing in such soups. This prompted the use of the modern word restaurant for the eating establishments. In the US, the first colonial cookbook was published by William Parks in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1742, based on Eliza Smith's The Compleat Housewife; or Accomplished Gentlewoman's Companion, and it included several recipes for soups and bisques. A 1772 cookbook, The Frugal Housewife, contained an entire chapter on the topic. English

This is a document about Frontierland
 Diamond Horseshoe ; Golden Oak Outpost ; Pecos Bill Tall Tale Inn & Café ; Westward Ho

This is a document about Frontierland
 The Lucky Nugget Saloon ; Last Chance Café ; Silver Spur Steakhouse ; Fuente Del Oro Restaurante ; Cowboy Cookout Barbecue

This is a document about New Mexican cuisine
   New Mexican cuisine is the cuisine of the Southwestern US state of New Mexico, the region is primarily known for its fusion of Pueblo Native American cuisine with Hispano Spanish and Mexican cuisine originating in Nuevo México. This cuisine had adaptations and influences throughout its history, including early on from the nearby Apache, Navajo, and throughout New Spain and the Spanish Empire, also from French, Italian, Portuguese, and other Mediterranean cuisine, along with early European bed and breakfasts and cafés, furthermore during the American territorial phase from cowboy chuckwagons and Western saloons, additionally after statehood from Route 66 American diner, Mexican-American cuisine, fast food restaurants, and global cuisine. Even so, New Mexican cuisine developed in fairly isolated circumstances, which has allowed it to maintain its indigenous, Spanish, Mexican and

This is a document about List of historic properties in Tombstone, Arizona
  and the Owl Cafe and Hotel. It is the oldest continually operated restaurant in Tombstone. The structure was built c. undefined 1880 at 501 E. Allen Street. The present-day building was erected in the 1950s and was renamed the Longhorn Restaurant in the 1970s. Virgil Earp was shot from the second floor on December 29, 1881. ; Vogan's Alley Bar and Grill – A saloon and bowling alley built in 1880 at 487 E. Allen Street. James Earp (another brother of Wyatt's) worked there before opening his own establishment called the Sampling Room. ; Fly's Photography Gallery – The structure was built in 1880 at 312 Fremont

This is a document about Restaurant
   In the United States, it was not until the late 18th century that establishments that provided meals without also providing lodging began to appear in major metropolitan areas in the form of coffee and oyster houses. The actual term "restaurant" did not enter into the common parlance until the following century. Prior to being referred to as "restaurants" these eating establishments assumed regional names such as "eating house" in New York City, "restorator" in Boston, or "victualling house" in other areas. Restaurants were typically located in populous urban areas during the 19th century and grew both in number and sophistication in the mid-century due

This is a document about Hoover Dam Lodge
  the Gold Strike Inn in May 1958 with a snack bar, gift shop, cocktail lounge, service station, and six slot machines. In the 1960s, the partners leased the site to a developer that hoped to expand it as an Old West theme park. The name was changed to Fort Lucinda and attractions such as llama rides, a wax museum, and a narrow gauge railroad were added. A "ghost town" consisting of buildings from various northern Nevada towns was moved to the property from the New Frontier casino. The project was killed by financing and water supply problems, control reverted to Belding, Raney, and Richardson, and the Gold Strike name returned. The NPS tried again to acquire the

This is a document about Frontierland
 Cowboy Cookhouse ; Camp Woodchuck Kitchen ; Hungry Bear Restaurant ; Plaza Pavilion Restaurant ; Pecos Bill Cafe ; The Diamond Horseshoe

This is a document about Dining car
  Before dining cars in passenger trains were common in the United States, a rail passenger's option for meal service in transit was to patronize one of the roadhouses often located near the railroad's "water stops". Fare typically consisted of rancid meat, cold beans, and old coffee. Such poor conditions discouraged many from making the journey. Most railroads began offering meal service on trains even before the First Transcontinental Railroad. By the mid-1880s, dedicated dining cars were a normal part of long-distance trains from Chicago to points west, save those of the Santa Fe Railway, which relied on America's first interstate network of restaurants to feed

This is a document about Mess
 "Closed Mess" was when the few officers of a small fort would pool all of their food funds to provide all meals to members only, thus being "closed" to outsiders except as guests. ; In a larger post, the larger pool of officers could allow the officers to purchase meals on an individual meal basis (after payment of a small monthly dues amount). Such arrangements were called "Open Messes". In the United States Army, officers historically have had to purchase their own food using funds allocated to each officer. In the far-flung forts of the American Old West, officers would organize their food service in two ways: The mess now is called a dining facility or Dining Facilities Administration Center (DFAC). The Officers' Club ("O Club") is

This is a document about Fred Harvey Company
  South Rim of the Grand Canyon, including lodges, souvenirs shops, and special lookout points, today on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been suggested that the Harvey Houses originated the "blue-plate special", a daily low-priced complete meal served on a blue-patterned china plate; an 1892 Harvey menu mentions them, some thirty years before the term became widespread. In addition to the AT&SF, the Harvey Company operated dining facilities for the Gulf Coast & Santa Fe, Kansas Pacific, St. Louis-San Francisco, and the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis railways. AT&SF maintained and operated a fleet of three passenger ferry boats

In the Old West, restaurants were often referred to as "restaurants" or "eateries," but they were also known as "saloons" or "taverns." These establishments served food and drinks to a diverse clientele, including cowboys, miners, lumberjacks, and other frontier workers. Some saloons were also known for providing entertainment, such as gambling or live music. The first restaurants in the Old West were established in the 1820s and 1830s, and by 1882, there were about 200 sal