Question: what is the fastest horse to win the kentucky derby

Answer: Secretariat

This is a document about Kentucky Derby
 minutes when Secretariat broke the record set by Northern Dancer in 1964. Not only has Secretariat's record time yet to be topped, in the race itself, he did something unique in Triple Crown races: each successive quarter, his times were faster. Though times for non-winners were not recorded, in 1973 Sham finished second, two and a half lengths behind Secretariat in the same race. Using the thoroughbred racing convention of one length equaling one-fifth of a second to calculate Sham's time, he also finished in under two minutes. Another sub-two-minute finish, only the third, was set in 2001 by Monarchos

This is a document about Horse racing
 Canada is generally considered to be Northern Dancer, who after winning the Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Queen's Plate in 1964 went on to become the most successful Thoroughbred sire of the twentieth century; his two-minute-flat Derby was the fastest on record until Secretariat in 1973. The only challenger to his title of greatest Canadian horse would be his son Nijinsky II, who is the last horse to win the English Triple Crown. Woodbine Racetrack (1956) in Toronto is home of the Queen's Plate (1860), Canada's premier Thoroughbred stakes race, and the North America Cup (1984), Canada's premier Standardbred stakes race.

This is a document about Prove Out
 to the eventual 1973 Horse of the Year. Prove Out also defeated Secretariat's stablemate, the 1972 Kentucky Derby winner and 1973 U.S. Champion Older Horse Riva Ridge, in the 1973 Jockey Club Gold Cup. In addition to his two memorable victories in 1973, Prove Out also ran track record times at Saratoga for 7 furlongs (1:21), and at Belmont Park for 1 miles (1:40). His Woodward Stakes time of 2:25 for 1 miles on an off track is the second fastest performance ever recorded for that distance at Belmont Park, behind only Secretariat's 2:24 record Belmont Stakes win. Prove Out's

This is a document about Sham (horse)
 Secretariat. At a rate of 29.97 frames per second, it translates into a 0.34 seconds gap between the two horses at the wire. As, by definition, Secretariat's official winning time of 1:59 is the equivalent of a time between 1:59.40 and 1:59.59 with 1/100th precision, Sham's time can be estimated between 1:59.74 and 1:59.93, making him the second fastest horse in Kentucky Derby history. It wasn't until 2001 that another horse won the Derby with a time under two minutes. Monarchos won it in 2001 in an electronically timed 1:59.97, which is by convention converted to 1:59. No other horse,

This is a document about Coronation Futurity Stakes
 the last horse to win both races was Norcliffe in 1975. The 1963 winner was Northern Dancer who would go on to win the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes and become the most important sire of the 20th Century. Of note, his young jockey that day was future Canadian and U.S. Hall of Fame jockey Ron Turcotte who, ten years later, would ride Secretariat to victory in the U.S. Triple Crown series. Sunny's Halo won the 1982 edition of the Coronation Futurity and went on to win the following year's Kentucky Derby. Since inception, the Coronation Futurity has been contested

This is a document about Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes
  Five horses have won the Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes and then returned the next spring to win the Kentucky Derby. The most recent Derby winner was Super Saver (2010). Prior winners were Cannonade (1974), Twenty Grand (1931), Clyde Van Dusen (1929) and Reigh Count (1928). In 1930, Twenty Grand won the Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes in a track record time of 1:36 flat which at the time was the fastest mile ever run by a two-year-old in the United States. In 1933, Mata Hari became the first filly to win the Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes.

This is a document about Sham (horse)
  with 1/100th precision, Sham's time can be estimated between 1:59.74 and 1:59.93, making him the second fastest horse in Kentucky Derby history. It wasn't until 2001 that another horse won the Derby with a time under two minutes. Monarchos won it in 2001 in an electronically timed 1:59.97, which is by convention converted to 1:594⁄5. No other horse, through the 2021 running of the Kentucky Derby, has ever been below two minutes. Sham's individual time of :233⁄5 in the closing quarter-mile of the race puts him into company with an elite group of horses that closed under 24 seconds: Whirlaway, the 1941 Triple Crown Winner, whose closing time of :232⁄5 stood for 32 years; and Secretariat, who closed it in :23.

This is a document about Kentucky Derby
 Mile and a Quarter: 1:59.4 – Secretariat (1973) ; Mile and a Half: 2:34.5 – Spokane (1889) 8 lengths – Old Rosebud (1914), Johnstown (1939), Whirlaway (1941), Assault (1946) 5 – Eddie Arcaro (1938, 1941, 1945, 1948, 1952) ; 5 – Bill Hartack (1957, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1969) ; 4 – John Velazquez (2011, 2017, 2020, 2021) 7 – Bob Baffert (1997, 1998, 2002, 2015, 2018, 2020, 2021) ; 6 – Ben A. Jones (1938, 1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952) 8 – Calumet Farm (1941, 1944, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1957, 1958, 1968) 91 to 1 – Donerail (1913) In 2010, Calvin Borel set a new record, being the first jockey to win 3 out of 4 consecutive Kentucky Derbys. ; In 2018, Justify became the first horse since Apollo in 1882, to win the Derby without having raced as a two-year-old. ; In 2019, Country House won the Kentucky Derby after Maximum Security was disqualified. Speed record: Margin of Victory: Most wins by a jockey: Most wins by a trainer: Most wins by an owner: Longest shot to win the Derby: Miscellaneous:

This is a document about List of historical horses
  one of the most famous horses in Thoroughbred racing ; Shergar: winner of the 1981 Epsom Derby by a record 10 lengths, the longest winning margin in a race run annually since 1781; kidnapped by the IRA in 1983, and was held for ransom, but the owner syndicate refused to pay, fearing that valuable horses would become targets; the stallion was never found ; Silky Sullivan: a racehorse ; Sir Winston: Winner of 2019 Belmont Stakes ; Skewball: immortalized in 18th century poetry as a sku-ball winning against a Thoroughbred ; Smarty Jones: became the first unbeaten Kentucky Derby winner

This is a document about Kentucky Derby
  The Kentucky Derby is a horse race held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, almost always on the first Saturday in May,  capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. The competition is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of 1+1/4 mi at Churchill Downs. Colts and geldings carry 126 lb and fillies 121 lb. It is dubbed "The Run for the Roses", stemming from the blanket of roses draped over the winner. It is also known in the United States as "The Most Exciting Two Minutes in Sports" or "The Fastest Two Minutes in Sports" because

This is a document about Monarchos
  a furlong from the finish, and Monarchos pulled clear to win by almost five lengths from Invisible Ink, with Congaree third and the favored Point Given fifth. Monarchos' winning time was 1:59.97 for 1 1⁄4 miles, becoming only the second horse in Derby history to win the race in under 2 minutes, joining 1973 Triple Crown winner Secretariat, who ran 1:59 2⁄5 (at that time, the Derby was timed to the fifth of a second rather than to the hundredth of a second). As of 2020, no horse since Monarchos has broken the 2-minute barrier at the Derby. In the

This is a document about California Chrome
  the Kentucky Derby's final prep races of 2014. It was also the second fastest time in the history of the Santa Anita Derby; the only horses to run faster were Lucky Debonair, Sham, and Indian Charlie, who hold a three-way tie for the record at 1:47:00. The decisive win made him an early favorite to win the 2014 Kentucky Derby and raised speculation that he had the talent to win the Triple Crown. California Chrome's four consecutive wins had a combined victory margin of 24 1⁄4 lengths. After the Santa Anita Derby, Sherman began to describe the colt as "my Swaps". Of his growing popularity, Denise Martin commented, "He's not just our horse anymore; he's ...the people's horse."

This is a document about 1973 Kentucky Derby
  loss, Angle Light and, in particular, Sham were the horses that were seen as the most likely to win the Derby, aside from Secretariat. Many sportswriters believed that the horses in the field possessed great speed and thought the course record would be broken. Shecky Greene took the lead first and led for the majority of the first seven furlongs. Sham took the lead from Shecky Greene near the three quarter mile mark. As the horses entered the homestretch, Secretariat passed Sham in the final furlong and distanced himself to consolidate his lead. Secretariat would go on to win the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes in the succeeding weeks, thus becoming the ninth horse to complete the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.

This is a document about Kentucky Derby top four finishers
 In 2019, Maximum Security finished first, but was disqualified to 17th for fouling War of Will. In 1984, Gate Dancer finished fourth, but was disqualified for fouling Fali Time, who was then moved up from 5th to 4th place. In 1968, Dancer's Image finished first, but was disqualified after a post-race urine sample revealed traces of a banned drug in the horse. The drug in question - phenylbutazone - illegal at the time, is now legal for use on racehorses in many states, including Kentucky. Forward Pass is now the 1968 winner of the Kentucky Derby. This is a listing of first-place, second-place, third-place and fourth-place finishers, and the number of starters in the Kentucky Derby, a Grade I American Thoroughbred race run at 1 1⁄4 miles on dirt for three-year-olds. It is the first leg of the American Triple Crown, run at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky.In 2017 a Tennessee walker named Joeruphas won the Derby, with the second fastest time. A † designates a Triple Crown Winner. Note: D. Wayne Lukas swept the 1995 Triple Crown with two different horses.

This is a document about Fusaichi Pegasus
  In early 2000, Fusaichi Pegasus won the Grade 2 San Felipe Stakes and Wood Memorial Stakes. Fusaichi Pegasus won the Kentucky Derby in a time of 2:01.12 for the 1 mile distance. He was the first favorite to win the Kentucky Derby since Spectacular Bid in 1979. He then lost to Red Bullet in the Preakness Stakes. After his loss in the Preakness Stakes, he did not race in the third leg of the Triple Crown, the Belmont Stakes.

This is a document about 2020 Breeders' Cup Classic
  You can do what you want. And he's just a really top horse." Authentic became the fourth Kentucky Derby winner to also take the Classic in their three-year-old campaign, after Sunday Silence in 1989, Unbridled in 1990, and American Pharoah in 2015. Derby winners Ferdinand and Alysheba won the Classic in their four-year-old campaign. Authentic was subsequently named the 2020 American Horse of the Year. Authentic broke the track record set by American Pharoah five years ago in the same race. The teletimer did not function properly so the race was hand-timed, initially in 1:59.16 based on the video and then in 1:59.60 using additional camera angles. Note that races in North America typically have a "run-up" between where the stating gate is placed until the official starting point at which the timer starts (50 feet in this case), which complicates hand timing.

This is a document about Sugar Bowl Stakes
  - Timeless Honor ; 1993 - NO RACE ; 1992 - Tonkas Mean Streak ; 1991 - Ecstatic Ride ; 1990 - Big Courage ; 1989 - Jamie Boy ; 1988 - Nooo Problema ; 1987 - Dee Dee Lance ; 1986 - Stage Door Avie ; 1985 - Dr. Bee Jay ; 1984 - Exclusive Pond ; 1983 - Triple Sec ; 1982 - Explosive Wagon ; 1981 - El Baba (multiple stakes winner, undefeated in 5 races at 2, and in his first 7 races.) ; 1980 - Top Avenger (multiple stakes winner, holds fastest fractions ever run in the Kentucky Derby, 1981) ; 1979 - Real Emperor ; 1978 - Clever Trick ; 1977 - Cabrini Green (defeated John Henry three times) ; 1976 - Clever Tell

This is a document about Justify (horse)
  (Louisiana Derby), Vino Rosso (Wood Memorial), My Boy Jack (Lexington Stakes), Free Drop Billy (Breeders' Futurity), Firenze Fire (Champagne Stakes) and Bolt d'Oro. The 2018 Kentucky Derby was held on May 5 on a rainy day at Churchill Downs. Although the surface had been sealed earlier in the day to minimize the effect of the rain on the footing, the track condition was still labeled as sloppy. Justify broke well and used his early speed to establish good position near the rail going into the first turn, running a length behind Promises Fulfilled in a fast opening quarter of 22.24 seconds. These two maintained their position for the first three-quarters of a mile, completed in 1:11, followed closely by Bolt d'Oro, Flameaway, and Good Magic. Going into the final turn, Promises Fulfilled

This is a document about 2001 Kentucky Derby
  Throughout the race Monarchos was never in the front of the pack. Coming around the final quarter mile Monarchos was in 13th place. The jockey of Monarchos; Jorge chavez, managed to sweep past all the horses in front. He had pushed his horse hard enough to reward them with a four and three quarters length victory over the second place horse. This surge of excitement and effort awarded Monarchos with the second fastest winning time in Kentucky Derby History of 1:59 97.

This is a document about 1913 Kentucky Derby
  May 10, 1913, was a beautiful sunny day. The newly renovated Churchill Downs was packed with 30,000 people to watch the race. Twelve horses were expected to compete, but four scratched before the race, leaving a field of only eight. In addition to his record-making odds, Donerail won the Derby with the fastest time recorded to that point. The favored horses for the race that day were Ten Point (at post four), Foundation (at post eight) and Yankee Notions (at post six).

The fastest time ever run in the Kentucky Derby is 1:59.4, which was recorded by Secretariat in 1973. However, the second-fastest time, which is 1:59.7, was run by Monarchos in 2001. Secretariat's time is the fastest in the history of the race.


Question: who did the music for the black panther movie

Answer: Ludwig Göransson

This is a document about Black Panther (film)
 used in Wakandan technology, including ILM for the beginning of the film. Perception referenced these sand effects when creating the main-on-end titles for the film, and also did additional work on Shuri's laboratory and the interface designs for the displays in it. After reading the script, composer Ludwig Göransson decided to go to Africa to do research for the film. He spent a month in Senegal, first traveling around with musician Baaba Maal on his tour, and then spending several weeks working with local musicians to form the "base" of his score. Göransson was particularly drawn to the talking drum

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
 Black Panther (soundtrack) The soundtrack for the 2018 American superhero film "Black Panther", based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and produced by Marvel Studios, consists of an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson and original songs produced by Kendrick Lamar. Göransson worked on all of director Ryan Coogler's previous films, while Lamar and Coogler had previously discussed collaborating and the musician agreed to produce several songs for the film after seeing an early version of it. After reading the film's script, Göransson traveled to Africa to research traditional African music for the film. He went on

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  The soundtrack for the 2018 American superhero film Black Panther, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and produced by Marvel Studios, consists of an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson and original songs performed by Kendrick Lamar. Göransson worked on all of director Ryan Coogler's previous films, while Lamar and Coogler had previously discussed collaborating and the musician agreed to perform several songs for the film after seeing an early version of it. After reading the film's script, Göransson traveled to Africa to research traditional African music for the film. He went on tour with Senegalese musician Baaba Maal, and

This is a document about Black Panther (film)
  After reading the script, composer Ludwig Göransson decided to go to Africa to do research for the film. He spent a month in Senegal, first traveling around with musician Baaba Maal on his tour, and then spending several weeks working with local musicians to form the "base" of his score. Göransson was particularly drawn to the talking drum and the tambin, or Fula flute, to use in his character themes, along with horns. Nate Moore compared the work Göransson did in defining the sound of the film to the use of music by James Gunn in the Guardians of the Galaxy films, with the composer pushing Marvel out of their comfort zone. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith, after Coogler wanted to include

This is a document about Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. It was the first MCU soundtrack to "integrate multiple original recordings created specifically for the film". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018.

This is a document about Avengers: Infinity War
  In June 2016, Alan Silvestri, who composed the score for The Avengers, was revealed to be returning to score both Infinity War and Endgame. Silvestri recorded his score from January 2018 to late March, and found working on the film to be "a really different experience than anything I'd done before, especially in regard to the approach and balancing quick shifts in tone". Ludwig Göransson's theme from Black Panther is used in the film. Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released regular and deluxe soundtrack albums digitally on April 27, 2018, with physical releases on May 18. The deluxe edition featured some extended and additional tracks.

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  collaborate on a project. Coogler wanted Black Panther to include some original songs from Lamar, an idea that Marvel supported, and approached the musician with footage from the film after Lamar had completed work on his album DAMN. Lamar and producer Sounwave were "drawn in by the opening scene and the deep message this movie told". They wanted to match the film's "energy and raw emotions", but felt this would be difficult with the few songs Coogler requested and instead decided to create a full album. The soundtrack features songs that are heard in the film as well as others that are inspired by it.

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  200 chart. It was praised by many critics as a milestone for film soundtracks due to its ideas and lyrics, but it was considered by some to be weaker than his solo work. Göransson's score was released as Black Panther (Original Score) by Hollywood Records on February 16, and received praise for being unique among Marvel Cinematic Universe scores due to its authentic African elements and thematic material, though the album presentation was criticized as too long. It won Best Original Score awards at the Academy Awards and the Grammy Awards, while the song "King's Dead" from Lamar's album also won a Grammy.

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  the film's set release schedule, Lamar had less time to work on the album than he usually would. He began work with producer Sounwave while on tour, before completing the individual songs in collaboration with many different artists. One of these collaborators was Göransson, who worked on one of the songs and included elements from the album in the score. Coogler felt the album became its own piece of art rather than just a tie-in to the film. Lamar's soundtrack was released as Black Panther: The Album by Interscope Records on February 9, 2018, to large sales, including the top position on the

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  Ryan Coogler signed on to direct the film Black Panther for Marvel Studios in January 2016, and insisted that he bring collaborators from his previous films to work on Black Panther, to differentiate the film from others in the Marvel Cinematic Universe that Vultures Kyle Buchanan described as often being created by "the same in-house people". This included composer Ludwig Göransson, who began working with Coogler at the University of Southern California and scored his earlier films Fruitvale Station and Creed. Coogler had previously met with musician Kendrick Lamar and Anthony Tiffith of Top Dawg Entertainment to discuss each other's work and the potential for them

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  recordings from Senegal, and other times was made to "echo the multiple layers of rhythms" heard in those recordings. The choir sung in the Xhosa language, including passages that sound like "T'Challa" for when he arrives at the Warrior Falls arena. Coogler concluded that Göransson "really set the table for the emotion that we were trying to get across [in the film], whether it was excitement or reflection or sadness." Moore compared the work Göransson did in defining the sound of the film to the use of music by James Gunn in the Guardians of the Galaxy films, and said that it was something that would be further expanded on in a Black Panther sequel. He noted that Göransson took Marvel outside of their comfort

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  On August 16, 2018, Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released an extended play titled Black Panther: Wakanda Remixed, featuring remixes of five cues from Göransson's score. Göransson worked with several other artists to create the remixes. Music videos for each of the remixes were also released to Marvel Music's Vevo channel on YouTube.

This is a document about Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  By September 2021, it was confirmed that original Black Panther composer Ludwig Göransson would return for Wakanda Forever.

This is a document about Black Panther: Wakanda Forever
  Black Panther composer Ludwig Göransson was set to return for the sequel by September 2021.

This is a document about Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  of memorable, identifiable themes that are comparable to other large media franchises, and on the lack of continuity between works. Despite this, some critics have shown appreciation for the individual work of some of the more traditional composers like Silvestri, and for Tyler's efforts in attempting to establish a consistent tone for the franchise and some thematic continuity between his scores and Silvestri's work. Ludwig Göransson's score to Black Panther (2018) won an Academy Award for Best Original Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, while the song "King's Dead" from the film's soundtrack album won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance. The song "Agatha All Along" from WandaVision (2021) won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics.

This is a document about The Man with the Iron Fists
  The film features music from The Black Keys, Kanye West, Wiz Khalifa, My Chemical Romance, John Frusciante and Chinese singer Sally Yeh. RZA also developed new tracks based on excerpts from Wu-Tang Clan master tracks provided by Sony Music, and songs performed by William Bell, Isaac Hayes and Mable John, which Stax Records provided. Composer Howard Drossin wrote the original musical cues for the film. RZA had not initially set out to score the film; he inserted temporary tracks of songs he wanted to use. After watching the temporary-track cut of the film, the music was found to be unsuitable, and it was suggested that RZA provide the music. RZA sought Tarantino's help with the

This is a document about Ludwig Göransson
  Ludwig Emil Tomas Göransson (born September 1, 1984) is a Swedish composer, conductor, and record producer. He has scored films such as Fruitvale Station, the Rocky franchise entries Creed and Creed II, Venom, and Tenet. He also composed the new fanfare for Warner Bros. Pictures, as well as the fanfare for the Star Wars brand logo. For his work on the 2018 superhero film Black Panther, he won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media and the Academy Award for Best Original Score, and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. Göransson is also known for his work on American TV series like Community, Happy

This is a document about Venom (soundtrack)
  Ludwig Göransson signed on to compose the score for Venom in March 2018, reuniting with Fleischer after the pair worked together on the 2011 film 30 Minutes or Less. Having composed the music for Marvel Studios' Black Panther (2018), Göransson said that he was interested in continuing to explore music for superhero films because "as a young film composer that is one of the things you dream of ... superhero themes really resonate with audiences.""

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  As with his previous collaborations with Coogler, Göransson began work on the Black Panther score as early as possible, much earlier than any other composer on a Marvel Studios film according to producer Nate Moore: Göransson began discussing the film with Coogler immediately, and the director shared research he did in Africa while preparing for the film; Göransson read the first draft of the script as soon as Coogler was happy with it, and read comics from Ta-Nehisi Coates' run on Black Panther, which had just begun. Göransson acknowledged that he is an unlikely candidate to write African music given he is Swedish, and decided that he needed to go to Africa himself to do

This is a document about Black Panther (soundtrack)
  Because Coogler does not use a temp score (placeholder music included for editing purposes) for his films, Göransson began work without specific references for each scene. He had enough material by the time Coogler put together his initial four-hour cut of the film that he was able to fully score the cut. Göransson recorded many different elements of the score at Baal's studio in Senegal, including Baal himself for his part in the "Wakanda" song. The composer then recorded the rest of his score with a 92-piece Western classical orchestra and a 40-person choir in London at Abbey Road Studios for two weeks during October and November 2017. Göransson and John Ashton Thomas conducted the orchestra. The orchestral music was sometimes used as counterpoint to

The music for the Black Panther movie consists of an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson and original songs performed by various artists, including Kendrick Lamar.


Question: where was the virtually unprotected area where german armies avoided the maginot line

Answer: the Ardennes forest

This is a document about Maginot Line
 through the Low Countries, bypassing the Line to the north. French and British officers had anticipated this: when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line. However, the French line was weak near the Ardennes forest. The French believed this region, with its rough terrain, would be an unlikely invasion route of German forces; if it was traversed, it would be done at a slow rate that would allow the French time to bring up reserves and counterattack. The German Army, having reformulated

This is a document about Maginot Line
 the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best known example). The World War II German invasion plan of 1940 ("Sichelschnitt") was designed to deal with the line. A decoy force sat opposite the line while a second Army Group cut through the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as through the Ardennes Forest, which lay north of the main French defences. Thus the Germans were able to avoid a direct assault on the Maginot Line by violating the neutrality of Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France

This is a document about Military history of France
 forced the French to look for more defensive measures. The Maginot Line was the result of these deliberations: the French originally allocated three billion francs for the project, but by 1935 seven billion had been spent. The Maginot Line succeeded in holding off the German attack. However, while the French thought that the main weight of the German attack would arrive through central Belgium, and accordingly deployed their forces here, the assault actually came further south in the Ardennes forest. The Third Republic collapsed in the ensuing conflict. After the defeat, Vichy France cooperated with the Axis powers until 1944.

This is a document about Maginot Line
  The Maginot Line (Ligne Maginot, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. In consequence, the Germans invaded through the Low Countries in 1940, passing it to the north. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium, which feared it would be sacrificed in the event of another German invasion.

This is a document about Battle of France
  During the 1930s, the French built the Maginot Line, fortifications along the border with Germany. The line was intended to economise on manpower and deter a German invasion across the Franco–German border by diverting it into Belgium, which could then be met by the best divisions of the French Army. The war would take place outside French territory, avoiding the destruction of the First World War. The main section of the Maginot Line ran from the Swiss border and ended at Longwy; the hills and woods of the Ardennes region were thought to cover the area to the north. General Philippe Pétain

This is a document about Italian invasion of France
  During the 1930s, the French had constructed a series of fortifications—the Maginot Line—along their border with Germany. This line had been designed to deter a German invasion across the Franco-German border and funnel an attack into Belgium, which could then be met by the best divisions of the French Army. Thus, any future war would take place outside of French territory avoiding a repeat of the First World War. In addition to this force, the French had constructed a series of fortifications known as Alpine Line, or the Little Maginot Line. In contrast to the Maginot Line facing the German border, the fortifications in the Alps were not a continuous chain of forts. In the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné, several

This is a document about Dunkirk evacuation
  which could then be met by the best divisions of the French Army. Thus, any future war would take place outside of French territory, avoiding a repeat of the First World War. The area immediately to the north of the Maginot Line was covered by the heavily wooded Ardennes region, which French General Philippe Pétain declared to be "impenetrable" as long as "special provisions" were taken. He believed that any enemy force emerging from the forest would be vulnerable to a pincer attack and destroyed. The French commander-in-chief, Maurice Gamelin, also believed the area to be of a limited threat, noting that it "never favoured large

This is a document about Maginot Line
  believed to be impenetrable by Commander-in-Chief Maurice Gamelin) or along France's border with Belgium, because the two countries had signed an alliance in 1920, by which the French army would operate in Belgium if the German forces invaded. However, after France had failed to counter the German remilitarisation of the Rhineland, Belgium—thinking that France was not a reliable ally—abrogated the treaty in 1936 and declared neutrality. France quickly extended the Maginot Line along the Franco-Belgian border, but not to the standard of the rest of the line. As the water table in this region is high, there was the danger of underground passages getting flooded,

This is a document about List of French military equipment of World War II
 Maginot Line

This is a document about Siegfried Line
   The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall, was a German defensive line built during the 1930s (start 1936) opposite the French Maginot Line. It stretched more than 630 km; from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border to Switzerland – and featured more than 18,000 bunkers, tunnels and tank traps. From September 1944 to March 1945 the Siegfried Line was subjected to a large-scale Allied offensive.

This is a document about German radio intelligence operations during World War II
  Nevertheless, Germany could identify the probable concentration areas of the French and British armies from the practice messages sent by army field radio stations, although the boundaries of army groups, armies, corps and divisions could not be established with any certainty. Greater clarity prevailed about the fortified area behind the Maginot Line in the south. Allies forces stationed near the Franco-Swiss and Franco-Italian borders were not observed according to any regular plan. Spot-check intercepting failed to pick up the French Tenth Army in the location where it was presumed to be by the German command. However, radio intelligence did indicate the presence of the French Sixth Army.

This is a document about Ardennes (department)
  and approved by Hitler. It is in this department that the Maginot Line ended: the last fort of the line (Fort Villy la Ferte) was located about five kilometres from Carignan. The French General staff did not want to continue the line of defence along the border with Belgium, a neutral and friendly country. Furthermore, they hoped that the unique geography and the forest would stop the German army. After the armistice of 1940 Ardennes was declared a "forbidden zone" (actually a German settlement area) throughout the occupation by the Nazi army. In 1944 the "Battle of the Bulge" was fought partly in this department.

This is a document about Military history of Germany
  The French plans were largely based on a static defense behind the Maginot Line – a series of formidable defensive forts along the French-German border. German General Erich von Manstein thought on an idea which led eventually to the approval of a Sichelschnitt ('Sickle Cut') plan to the conquest of France. On 10 May 1940 the Germans bypassed the Maginot Line by launching another Blitzkrieg through neutral Belgium, Luxemburg and the Netherlands, drawing the Allied forces out. The main thrust of the Battle of France attack however was through the Ardennes which were to that time believed impenetrable to tanks. The British Expeditionary Force and other allied units were driven back to the coast at Dunkirk, but managed to escape with most of their troops when Germany made a mistaken decision not to attack with tanks. In June 1940, with French troops encircled and cut off in the north, France asked for an armistice that allowed Germany to control most of the French coast and left Vichy France under German domination.

This is a document about Main line of resistance
  elaborate MLR of World War I was the Siegfried Line (part of the longer German Hindenburg Line), across parts of northern France. During World War II, in which combat was relatively fluid, the term main line of resistance was used less often, and the positions the term described were usually less deep and complex than in World War I. However, there were exceptions, including the French Maginot Line, the German Atlantic Wall and Westwall (Siegfried Line to the Allies), as well as the Soviet defenses at the Battle of Kursk. After the Korean War became static in 1951, MLR described the defensive positions of the U.N. Eighth Army, a series of trenches and bunkers extending east to west across the Korean peninsula.

This is a document about Panther–Wotan line
  avoid the evacuation or isolation of the Crimea. The Dniper line offered no protection to the Crimea's Isthmus of Perekop link with the mainland. In the north, the line was to have been constructed roughly from Vitebsk to Pskov, where it then followed the west bank of Lake Peipus, and its river delta to the Baltic Sea at Narva. When the order was signed for its construction on 11 August 1943, the Wehrmacht held positions sometimes hundreds of kilometers to the east of the proposed defensive line, generally along the Donets River in the south and along a line roughly from Smolensk to Leningrad in the north. An early retreat to the line would have resulted in the loss of considerable Soviet territory and been a very complex operation if the Soviet side decided to exploit the situation during the retreat.

This is a document about Trench warfare
  In the decade leading up to World War II, the French built the Maginot Line, based on their experience with trench warfare in World War I. The Maginot Line was an extensive state-of-the-art defensive system far superior to any previous trench system: a chain of massive constructions of concrete, iron, and steel fortresses, bunkers, retractable turrets, outposts, obstacles, and sunken artillery emplacements, linked by tunnel networks. It covered the length of the Franco-German border and was 20-25 km wide. It was supported by numerous underground barracks, shelters, ammunition dumps and depots, with its own telephone network and narrow gauge railways with armoured locomotives, backed up with

This is a document about André Maginot
  André Maginot never saw the line completed; he became ill in December 1931 and died in Paris on 7 January 1932 of typhoid fever. Many people mourned him throughout France and it was only after his death that the line of defences which he advocated came to bear his name. In World War II, Germany was able to circumvent the line by passing its Panzers through hills and marshlands which had been impenetrable to tanks when Maginot made his recommendations. A monument in memory of André Maginot was dedicated near Verdun in September 1966.

This is a document about Dunkirk evacuation
  With this in mind, the area was left lightly defended. The initial plan for the German invasion of France called for an encirclement attack through the Netherlands and Belgium, avoiding the Maginot Line. Erich von Manstein, then Chief of Staff of the German Army Group A, prepared the outline of a different plan and submitted it to the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH; German High Command) via his superior, Generaloberst Gerd von Rundstedt. Manstein's plan suggested that panzer divisions should attack through the Ardennes, then establish bridgeheads on the Meuse River and rapidly drive to the English Channel. The Germans would thus cut off the Allied armies

This is a document about Remilitarization of the Rhineland
  to build the Maginot Line in 1929 was a tacit French admission that it would be only a matter of time before German rearmament on a massive scale would begin sometime in the 1930s and that the Rhineland was going to be remilitarized sooner or later. Intelligence from the Deuxième Bureau indicated that Germany had been violating Versailles throughout the 1920s with the considerable help of the Soviet Union. With the French troops out of the Rhineland, Germany could be expected to violate Versailles only more openly. The Maginot Line, in turn, lessened the importance of the Rhineland's demilitarized status from the view of French security.

The virtually unprotected area where German armies avoided the Maginot Line was in the Ardennes forest.


Question: who wrote if i never sing another song

Answer: Don Black

This is a document about Matt Monro
 teamed up with American star arrangers Nelson Riddle and Billy May and leading British bandleader Ted Heath, for concerts broadcast by the BBC. In 1973 Monro released a vocal version of the popular "Van der Valk" TV-series theme titled "And You Smiled", with lyrics written by Melvyn Taggart. It was his final hit. In 1977, he recorded the Don Black penned, "If I Never Sing Another Song", which became a latter-day standard among his contemporaries, its lyrics referring to the "heyday" of fan mail, awards, and other trappings of celebrity that had faded for them. In 1979 Monro recorded an

This is a document about Matt Monro
  Johnnie Spence. Monro also teamed up with American star arrangers Nelson Riddle and Billy May and leading British bandleader Ted Heath, for concerts broadcast by the BBC. In 1973, Monro released a vocal version of the popular Van der Valk TV-series theme titled "And You Smiled", with lyrics written by Melvyn Taggart. It was his final hit. In 1977, he recorded the Don Black penned, "If I Never Sing Another Song", which became a latter-day standard among his contemporaries, its lyrics referring to the "heyday" of fan mail, awards, and other trappings of celebrity that had faded for them. In 1979 Monro recorded his final studio album, the third all-Spanish album produced by

This is a document about Don Black (lyricist)
  He began his music industry career as an office boy with a music publishing firm, and later worked as a song-plugger. He also had a brief spell as a comic. He was personal manager to the singer Matt Monro for many years and also provided songs for him (usually writing English language lyrics to continental songs). These included "Walk Away" and "If I Never Sing Another Song" (music: Udo Jürgens) and "For Mamma" (music: Charles Aznavour).

This is a document about Ray Conniff
 "I Don't Love Nobody but You" (1956) ; "Unwanted Heart" (1956) ; "A Girl Without a Fella" (1956) ; "Please Write While I'm Away" (1956) ; "Love Her in the Morning" (1956) ; "No Wedding Today" (1956; under pseudonym, "Engberg") ; "There's a Place Called Heaven" (1956; under pseudonym, "Engberg") ; "Three Way Love" (1957) ; "Walkin' and Whistlin" (1957) ; "Grown Up Tears" (1957) ; "Steel Guitar Rock" (1957) ; LP Dance the Bop! (1957; all titles) ; "Ann's Theme" (1957; under pseudonym, "Engberg") ; "(If 'n' You Don't) Somebody Else Will" (1957) ; "Just a Beginner in Love" (1957) ; "Window Shopping" (1957) ; "Soliloquy of a Fool" (1957; co-written) ; "When

This is a document about If You Leave It Alone
 1) "If You Leave It Alone" ; 2) "Canary Wharf" ; 3) "My Kiss" ; 4) "I Thought Of You Again" ; 5) "Tiny Craters In The Sand" ; 6) "Bumble Bee" ; 7) "Come On Daniel" ; 8) "Too Many Questions" ; 9) "Bye Bye Bubble Belly" ; 10) "Softly You, Softly Me" ; 11) "Strawberry Cables" ; 12) "Nothing Can Change This Love" Songs written by David Tattersall except "Nothing Can Change This Love" by Sam Cooke.

This is a document about Barbra Streisand...and Other Musical Instruments
  Rhythm" succeeds it, followed by a medley samba consisting of "Johnny One Note" and "One Note Samba". Fourth and seventh tracks "Glad to Be Unhappy" and "Don't Rain on My Parade", respectively, contain "distorted" rhythms and melodies. A new version of "People", from Streisand's 1964 studio album of the same name, contains influence from Turkish and Armenian music. After "Don't Rain on My Parade" and "Don't Ever Leave Me", is a spoken track by Streisand titled "Monologue", which features dialogue of the singer speaking during the live television special. "I Never Has Seen Snow", written by Harold Arlen and Truman Capote, precedes Franz Schubert's Lied titled Auf dem Wasser zu singen. The final two tracks are the medley of "The World Is a Concerto" and "Make Your Own Kind of Music", with the album's closer ("The Sweetest Sounds") being accompanied by an "angelic" chorus.

This is a document about List of songs recorded by the Jackson 5
 "Never Can Say Goodbye" ; Maybe Tomorrow ; Clifton Davis ; align=center|— ; "Never Had a Dream Come True" ; ABC ; Henry Cosby ABC ; Henry Cosby align=center|— ; "Nobody" ; Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 ; The Corporation ; align=center|— ; "Nothin' (That Compares 2 U)" ; 2300 Jackson Street ; Antonio Reid 2300 Jackson Street ; Antonio Reid Michael Jackson was not involved with the recording of this song ; bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" | bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="4" | ! width="20%" | Title ! width="15%" | Originating album ! width="15%" | Writer(s) ! width="25%" | Notes Sylvia Moy Kenny Edmonds

This is a document about List of songs composed by Jerome Kern
 "Never Gonna Dance" (1936) - lyrics by Dorothy Fields - from the 1936 film Swing Time ; "The Night Was Made for Love" - lyrics by Otto Harbach - from the 1931 Broadway musical The Cat and the Fiddle ; "Nobody Else But Me" (1946) - lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II - from the 1946 revival of the musical Show Boat

This is a document about The Twelfth of Never
  "The Twelfth of Never" is a popular song written in 1956 and first recorded by Johnny Mathis the following year. The title is a popular expression, which is used as the date of a future occurrence that will never come to pass. In the case of the song, "the 12th of Never" is given as the date on which the singer will stop loving his beloved, thus indicating that he will always love her. Mathis initially disliked the song, which was released as the flip side to his number 1 hit single "Chances Are". It was written by Jerry Livingston and Paul Francis Webster,

This is a document about Love Never Dies (musical)
  Love Never Dies is a romantic musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, lyrics by Glenn Slater, and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth, and Slater. It is a sequel to the long-running 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera and was loosely adapted from Forsyth's 1999 novel The Phantom of Manhattan. The plot is not based on the storyline in the original 1910 novel by Gaston Leroux. Lloyd Webber stated, "I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece." He later clarified, "Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen Phantom of the Opera to understand Love Never Dies." Glenn Slater subsequently explained that Lloyd Webber "didn’t view it as a sequel as

This is a document about Liza's at The Palace....
 ACT I ; "Teach Me Tonight" – Lyrics by Sammy Cahn; Music by Gene DePaul ; "I Would Never Leave You" – Music and lyrics by Billy Stritch, Johnny Rodgers, and Brian Lane Green ; "If You Hadn't, But You Did" – Lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green; Music by Jule Styne ; "What Makes a Man a Man?" – Music and lyrics by Charles Aznavour ; "My Own Best Friend" – Lyrics by Fred Ebb; Music by John Kander ; "Maybe This Time" – Lyrics by Fred Ebb; Music by John Kander ; "He's Funny That Way" – Lyrics by Richard Whiting; Music by Neil Moret ; "Palace Medley" – New introduction by David Zippel, John Kander and Billy Stritch; original song by Roger Edens ; "Cabaret" – Lyrics by Fred Ebb; Music by John Kander ACT

This is a document about I Won't Dance
  "I Won't Dance" is a song with music by Jerome Kern that has become a jazz standard. The song has two different sets of lyrics: the first written by Oscar Hammerstein II and Otto Harbach in 1934, and second written by Dorothy Fields (though Jimmy McHugh was also credited) in 1935. The two sets of lyrics share little but the common refrain "I won't dance". The second set of lyrics is the much better known one, and the song in this form has been recorded by many artists. Kern, Hammerstein and Harbach originally wrote "I Won't Dance" for the 1934 London musical Three Sisters. However, Three

This is a document about Songs from the Heart (Rick Price album)
 1) "You're Never Alone" ; 2) "Nothing Can Stop Us Now" ; 3) "We're Got Each Other" ; 4) "Where Are You Now" ; 5) "If You Were My Baby" ; 6) "Wishin'" ; 7) "Heaven Knows" (Acoustic Version) ; 8) "Tenterfield Saddler" ; 9) "Not A Day Goes By" (Acoustic Version) ; 10) "Walk Away Renée" (Live) ; 11) "Fragile" (Live) ; 12) "What's Wrong With That Girl" (Acoustic Version) ; 13) "Where Is the Love" (with Margaret Urlich) written by : Ralph MacDonald and William Salter (original Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway)

This is a document about Eliot Daniel
  Eliot Daniel (January 7, 1908 – December 6, 1997) was an American songwriter and lyricist who worked primarily in motion pictures. His most well-known composition is the theme from the television sitcom I Love Lucy. Daniel was born in Boston on January 7, 1908. His first known song was "What Would People Say", released by Decca Records in 1938. He subsequently became a fixture among Hollywood songwriters, with songs recorded by artists such as Guy Lombardo, Dinah Shore, Gene Autry, Bing Crosby, Burl Ives, Sarah Vaughan, and Marilyn Monroe. He earned Oscar nominations for writing "Lavender Blue" for the 1949 film So Dear to My Heart and for the lyrics to "Never" for 1951's Golden Girl. Collaborating with Johnny Lange in 1947, he wrote the classic

This is a document about If I Can Dream
  Brown was asked to write a song to replace "I'll Be Home for Christmas" as the grand finale on NBC's "Elvis", from June 20–23, 1968 (now also known as ‘68 Comeback Special). Knowing about Presley’s fondness for Martin Luther King Jr., and about his devastation related to his then-recent assassination, he wrote "If I Can Dream" with Presley in mind. After Presley heard the demo, he proclaimed "I'm never going to sing another song I don't believe in. I'm never going to make another movie I don't believe in." And he, in his nine years remaining, kept his promise. The song was published by Presley's company Gladys Music, Inc. After Colonel Tom Parker heard the demo of the song sent by Earl Brown, he said: "This ain't Elvis' kind of song." Elvis was also there, and he countered Parker’s argument, then he pleaded: "Let me give it a shot, man." Earl Brown said while Elvis recorded the song, he saw tears rolling down the cheeks of the backing vocalists. One of them whispered to him: "Elvis never sung with so much emotion. Looks like he means every word."

This is a document about Flap (film)
  The song "If Nobody Loves" was written by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Estelle Levitt. It is performed by Kenny Rogers & The First Edition.

This is a document about Jimmy Sweeney
  its existence became an urban myth. The singer was not identified, till heard by Christopher Kennedy in early 2017, his suspicions were confirmed by Jimmy's daughter Eugenia, amongst others. The demo disc label identifies it as "Without You", "Audiodisc 3324", recorded at 78 rpm. The writer of the song has never been identified. Earlier to these events in January 1954, Elvis had, in the second of two (self-paid) private sessions, cut a second acetate at Sun Records of "I'll Never Stand In Your Way" and "It Wouldn't Be the Same Without You", the latter a Fred Rose, Jimmy Wakely song. That song and the Sweeney demo have no similarity. Later in 1960, Jimmy Sweeney made

This is a document about David Ruffin discography
  has brief solos ; "Somewhere" (Leonard Bernstein, Stephen Sondheim) ; "I'm Ready for Love" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) ; "What Now My Love" (Bécaud, Delanoë, Sigman) ; "The Impossible Dream" (Joe Darion, Mitch Leigh) ; The Temptations Wish It Would Rain (1968) ; "I Could Never Love Another (After Loving You)" (Penzabene, Barrett Strong, Whitfield) ; "Cindy" (Robinson) ; "I Wish It Would Rain" (Penzabene, Strong, Whitfield) ; "Fan the Flame" (Al Cleveland, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Robinson) ; "He Who Picks a Rose" (E. Holland, Emilio "Father" Smiley, Whitfield) ; "Why Did You Leave Me Darling" (James Dean, Deke Richards) ; "I've Passed This Way Before" (Dean, William Weatherspoon) ; Later releases (found on the Emperors of Soul box set released

This is a document about 1907 in music
  Kennedy m. John Walter Bratton (Words 1932) ; "That Lovin' Rag" w. Victor H. Smalley m. Bernie Adler ; "Theodore" w.m. Vincent Bryan ; "There Never Was A Girl Like You" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne ; "Tipperary" w. Leo Curley m. James M. Fulton & J. Fred Helf ; "Tommy, Lad!" w. Edward Teschemacher m. E. J. Margetson ; "Two Blue Eyes" by Edward Madden ; "Two Little Baby Shoes" w. Edward Madden m. Theodore F. Morse ; "Under Any Old Flag At All" Cohan ; "Vilia" w. Adrian Ross m. Franz Lehár ; "Wal, I Swan!" (aka "Ebeneezer Frye") w.m.

Melvyn Hayes wrote "If I Never Sing Another Song."


Question: when was the first full electric car made

Answer: 1884

This is a document about History of the electric vehicle
 as a curiosity and could not drive reliably in the street. Another cycle, this time with three wheels, was tested along a Paris street in April 1881 by French inventor Gustave Trouvé English inventor Thomas Parker, who was responsible for innovations such as electrifying the London Underground, overhead tramways in Liverpool and Birmingham, and the smokeless fuel coalite, built the first production electric car in London in 1884, using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries. Parker's long-held interest in the construction of more fuel-efficient vehicles led him to experiment with electric vehicles. He also may have been concerned about

This is a document about Blackpool Electric Tramway Company
 Blackpool Electric Tramway Company was wound up. Car 4 survived and is preserved at the National Tramway Museum. Blackpool Electric Tramway Company Blackpool Electric Tramway Company operated a tramway service in Blackpool between 1885 and 1893. It was the first electric tramway in England. On 3 December 1884, Blackpool Corporation agreed to use Michael Holroyd Smith's conduit tramway and granted him a seven-year concession. The Blackpool Electric Tramway Company was formed in January 1885, and set up with capital of £30,000 (equivalent to £ in ). The first rail was laid in March and the first test runs were made

This is a document about History of the automobile
  Colten in 1847. Sources point to different creations as the first electric car. Between 1832 and 1839 (the exact year is uncertain) Robert Anderson of Scotland invented a crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells. In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled car powered by electricity at the International Exposition of Electricity, Paris. English inventor Thomas Parker, who was responsible for innovations such as electrifying the London Underground, overhead tramways in Liverpool and Birmingham, and the smokeless fuel coalite, built the first production electric car in London in 1884, using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries. However, others regard the Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888 by German inventor Andreas Flocken as the first true electric car.

This is a document about Electric car
   Robert Anderson is often credited with inventing the first electric car some time between 1832 and 1839, but the first practical electric cars appeared in the 1880s. In November 1881, Gustave Trouvé presented an electric car at the Exposition internationale d'Électricité de Paris. In 1884, over 20 years before the Ford Model T, Thomas Parker built a practical production electric car in Wolverhampton using his own specially-designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries, although the only documentation is a photograph from 1895 (see below). German inventor Andreas Flocken designed the Flocken Elektrowagen of 1888, regarded as the first "real" electric car. Electricity was among the preferred methods for automobile propulsion in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, providing a level of comfort and an ease of operation that

This is a document about List of automotive superlatives
 First practical electric car – 1881 Gustave Trouvé electric vehicle ; First mass-produced electric car – 1996 General Motors EV1

This is a document about History of the electric vehicle
  the Electric Construction Corporation; this company had a virtual monopoly on the British electric car market in the 1890s. The company manufactured the first electric 'dog cart' in 1896. France and the United Kingdom were the first nations to support the widespread development of electric vehicles. German engineer Andreas Flocken built the first real electric car in 1888. Electric trains were also used to transport coal out of mines, as their motors did not use up precious oxygen. Before the pre-eminence of internal combustion engines, electric automobiles also held many speed and distance records. Among the most notable of these records was the breaking of the 100 km/h speed barrier, by

This is a document about List of automotive superlatives
  First functional fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 1966 GM/Chevrolet Electrovan ; First production fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) – 2001 Hyundai Santa Fe FCEV and 2002 Honda FCX ; First Miller cycle engine – 1996 Mazda Millenia ; First Atkinson cycle engine – 1997 Toyota Prius ; First Hydrogen vehicle – 2005 BMW Hydrogen 7 (Germany) Wankel engines ; First Wankel engine – 1964 NSU Spider ; First front-wheel-drive car with Wankel engine – 1966 NSU Ro 80 ; First 2-rotor Wankel engine – 1966 NSU Ro 80 ; First 3-rotor Wankel engine – 1969 Mercedes C111 ; First 4-rotor Wankel engine – 1970 Mercedes C111 ; First turbocharged Wankel engine –

This is a document about Electric bus
  short section of track. The first successful electric car was made in the United States in 1890. William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa, built an electric vehicle that could hold up to six passengers and could reach from 6 to 12 miles per hour. Specifications for the 1890 Morrison Electric included 24 storage battery cells mounted under the front seat. The vehicle could travel for a range of 100 miles before needing to be recharged. This initial invention helped spark interest in electric cars, and automakers started building their own versions around the globe. Due to the extreme sudden interest, electric cars reached their

This is a document about Battery electric vehicle
  In 1884, Thomas Parker built a practical production electric car in Wolverhampton using his own specially designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries. First introduced in 1889, battery vehicle milk floats expanded in 1931, and by 1967, gave Britain the largest electric vehicle fleet in the world.

This is a document about History of the electric vehicle
  None of them entered production. The 1973 Enfield 8000 did make it into small-scale production, 112 were eventually produced. In 1967, AMC partnered with Gulton Industries to develop a new battery based on lithium and a speed controller designed by Victor Wouk. A nickel-cadmium battery supplied power to an all-electric 1969 Rambler American station wagon. Other "plug-in" experimental AMC vehicles developed with Gulton included the Amitron (1967) and the similar Electron (1977).  On 31 July 1971, an electric car received the unique distinction of becoming the first manned vehicle to drive on the Moon; that car was the Lunar Roving Vehicle, which was first deployed during

This is a document about Automotive engine
  Electric vehicles seemed to be the most viable option, similar to the steam automobiles. It was first invented in the early 1800s, and became a viable option of transportation around 1890, when William Morrison created the first electric car that traveled 14 miles per hour. The electric cars offered low pollution and a soundless ride, unlike their gasoline counterparts. The greatest downside of electric cars was the range. The typical electric car could reach around 20 miles before requiring a recharge. Manufacturers could not increase the number of batteries, due to the bulkiness of the batteries at the time. Without an incentive to purchase the electric automobiles, gas automobiles was the most

This is a document about BMW New Class
  In 1972 BMW developed its first electric car based on the 1602 model. The BMW 1602 Elektro-Antrieb was first unveiled at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany; two examples were used to shuttle VIPs and serve as support cars in various long-distance events like the marathon.

This is a document about Electric bus
  Electric vehicles have been around since the 19th century. In the early 19th century, researchers in Hungary, the Netherlands, and the United States began exploring the idea of battery-powered vehicles. There had previously been progress with an electric carriage, a horseless carriage that was powered by an electric motor. However, as people wanted to get around more easily and quickly, cars became a faster and more reasonable alternative to horse-drawn carriages. In 1835, American Thomas Davenport is credited with building the first practical electric vehicle, a small locomotive. He developed a battery-powered electric motor which he used to operate a small model car on

This is a document about Timeline of transportation technology
  1885 – Karl Benz invents the first car powered by an internal combustion engine, he called it the Benz Patent Motorwagen. ; 1887 - The first Battery electric multiple unit (battery rail car) was used on the Royal Bavarian State Railways. ; 1888 - Flocken Elektrowagen built by German inventor Andreas Flocken, the first true electric car. ; 1889 - The first interurban tram-train to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio, which opened in 1889. ; 1889 - First introduced in 1889, battery vehicles milk floats expanded use in 1931 and by

This is a document about BMW
  mass-production electric car was the BMW i3 city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric BMW 1602 Elektro saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games). After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV). In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4% due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% of its customers' demands.

This is a document about Apollo Energy Systems
  In 1982, the Silver Volt, now manufactured by Electric Auto Corporation (formerly EFP) introduced the electric car in southern California. On February 12, 1982, entertainer Arthur Godfrey was on hand for the first delivery of 3 Silver Volts to David Campbell, a Riverside, California BMW Dealer who planned to open a showroom in Palm Springs.

This is a document about May 1975
  would be airlifted to safety before the country was taken over by the Communist Pathet Lao, only two cargo planes were allotted to the rescue, which saved only 2,500 people.  The others were forced to flee into the surrounding jungles, where they were hunted down after Communist troops captured Long Chieng.  Those who survived to make it to Thailand lived in refugee camps for years. ; The first full-sized luxury electric car, the Transformer 1, was introduced by Apollo Energy Systems at a press conference in the Detroit suburb of Southfield, Michigan. Robert Aronson showed the car to reporters and Aronson's friend, television personality Arthur Godfrey, drove the vehicle around the grounds of the Raleigh House.  The Transformer 1 was a modified two-door 1975 Chevy Chevelle powered by a 180-volt lead cobalt battery ; Died: Ernst Alexanderson, 97, Swedish-born American inventor and pioneer in the development of television

This is a document about History of the electric vehicle
  electric cars worldwide since delivery of its first Tesla Roadster in 2008. Tesla reported the number of net reservations totaled about 373,000, after about 8,000 customer cancellations and about 4,200 reservations canceled by the automaker because these appeared to be duplicates from speculators. The Hyundai Ioniq Electric was released in South Korea in July 2016, and sold over 1,000 units during its first two months in the market. The Renault-Nissan Alliance achieved the milestone of 350,000 electric vehicles sold globally in August 2016, and also set an industry record of 100,000 electric vehicles sold in a single year. Nissan global electric

This is a document about Electric car
  not be achieved by the gasoline-driven cars of the time. The electric vehicle fleet peaked at approximately 30,000 vehicles at the turn of the 20th century. In 1897 electric cars first found commercial use as taxis in Britain and in the US. In London, Walter Bersey's electric cabs were the first self-propelled vehicles for hire at a time when cabs were horse-drawn. In New York City a fleet of twelve hansom cabs and one  brougham, based on the design of the  Electrobat II, formed part of a project funded in part by the Electric Storage Battery Company of Philadelphia. During the 20th century, the main manufacturers of electric vehicles in the US included Anthony Electric, Baker, Columbia, Anderson, Edison, Riker, Milburn, Bailey Electric, and

This is a document about Nissan
   Nissan introduced its first battery electric vehicle, the Nissan Altra at the Los Angeles International Auto Show on 29 December 1997. Unveiled in 2009, the EV-11 prototype electric car was based on the Nissan Tiida (Versa in North America), with the conventional gasoline engine replaced with an all-electric drivetrain. In 2010, Nissan introduced the Nissan LEAF as the first mass-market, all-electric vehicle launched globally. , the Nissan Leaf was the world's best selling highway-capable all-electric car ever. Global sales totaled 100,000 Leafs by mid January 2014, representing a 45% market share of worldwide pure electric vehicles sold since 2010. Global Leaf sales passed the 200,000 unit milestone in December 2015, and the Leaf continued ranking as the all-time best selling all-electric car. Nissan's second all-electric vehicle, the Nissan e-NV200, was announced

The first full electric car was made by Thomas Parker in London in 1884.


Question: how many times has spain hosted the olympics

Answer: 1

This is a document about Spain at the Olympics
 award. Spain has hosted the Games on 1 occasion. Spain at the Olympics Spain first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since 1920. Spain has also participated in every Winter Olympic Games since 1936. Its team is organised by the Spanish Olympic Committee (COE, "Comité Olímpico Español") created in 1924. Spain withdrew from the 1936 Summer Olympics in Nazi Germany because of the Civil War, and also boycotted the 1956 Games in Melbourne because of the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary. The equestrian events in 1956 were held

This is a document about Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics
 Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics Madrid 2020 was a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Madrid and the Spanish Olympic Committee. The last time the Olympic Games were hosted in Spain was in 1992 when Barcelona hosted the XXV Olympiad. This was the only time the Olympic Games were staged in Spain. Madrid was nominated by the Spanish Olympic Committee on June 1, 2011. It was then approved by the government a month later. On September 8, 2011 it was announced that Alejandro Blanco, president of the Spanish Olympic Committee, would preside the Madrid

This is a document about Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics
 27 of the 36 required venues already existed. Six permanent new venues needed to be constructed while two temporary venues would have been needed. The venues would comprise two zones. Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics Madrid 2020 was a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics by the city of Madrid and the Spanish Olympic Committee. The last time the Olympic Games were hosted in Spain was in 1992 when Barcelona hosted the XXV Olympiad. This was the only time the Olympic Games were staged in Spain. Madrid was nominated by the Spanish Olympic Committee on June 1, 2011.

This is a document about Scoring systems for Sailing at the Summer Olympics
 Scoring systems for Sailing at the Summer Olympics Over time several scoring systems for Sailing were used during the Summer Olympics. Many of these systems were also used by other regatta's in their times. In order to understand how the medals in the Olympics were handed out one must have a look at the scoring system of that specific olympic sailing regatta. From the start of sailing till the turn of the millennium one practiced the principle that the difference in points between No. 1 and 2 must be larger than between No. 2 and 3 and so on. Several

This is a document about Spain at the 1980 Summer Paralympics
 and three were won by athletes with physical disabilities. One of Spain's gold medals, ten silvers and six bronze medals came in swimming. None of the medals were won by blind athletes. All medals were won by competitors with physical disabilities. Spain at the 1980 Summer Paralympics In 1980, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming and athletics. Spain won 1 gold medal, 13 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. The 1980 Games were held in Arnhem, The Netherlands. They could not be co-hosted with the Olympics because the Soviet Union claimed the country had no people with disabilities.

This is a document about Spain at the 1980 Summer Paralympics
 Spain at the 1980 Summer Paralympics In 1980, Spain had competitors in archery, wheelchair basketball, swimming and athletics. Spain won 1 gold medal, 13 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. The 1980 Games were held in Arnhem, The Netherlands. They could not be co-hosted with the Olympics because the Soviet Union claimed the country had no people with disabilities. Competitors with spinal cord injuries, amputations, cerebral palsy and vision impairments were eligible to compete in these Games. None of Spain's gold medals, three silvers and three bronzed medals came in athletics. Three of the medals were won by blind athletes

This is a document about Sergio Dalma
 Hot Latin Tracks in "Billboard" in 1994), "Esta Noche Es Larga Si No Estas" (1998), "Todo Lo Que Quieres" (2005), "El Mundo" (No. 10 in Spain in 2011) and "Yo No Te Pido La Luna" (2011) are among his many hit singles. His 2010 album, "Via Dalma," became one of the biggest hits in his career, spending 10 weeks at No. 1 in Spain and earning six-times platinum certification. His 2011 followup, "Via Dalma II," also reached No. 1 and was certified quadruple platinum. To promote the latter disc, Dalma hosted an RTVE special called Via Dalma that aired in

This is a document about List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
 Men's national team: ; Team appearances: 18 (1920–1928, 1948–1952, 1968–1972, 1980–2020) ; As host team: 1992* Number of three-time Olympic medalists: 0 ; Last updated: 1 May 2021.

* Number of four-time Olympic medalists: 0

This is a document about Madrid bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics
  The last time the Olympic Games were hosted in Spain was in 1992 when Barcelona hosted the XXV Olympiad. This was the only time the Olympic Games were staged in Spain. Madrid was nominated by the Spanish Olympic Committee on June 1, 2011. It was then approved by the government a month later. On September 8, 2011 it was announced that Alejandro Blanco, president of the Spanish Olympic Committee, would preside the Madrid 2020 bid. Shortly after his appointment he defended Madrid's ability to host the games despite Spain's current economic problems arguing that the games would be an investment. The following week IOC President Jacques Rogge defended Madrid and Rome's ability to host the games given the current eurozone debt crisis. He said that both cities already have a lot of venues in place and that not much

This is a document about List of players who have appeared in multiple women's Olympic water polo tournaments
 Women's national team: ; Team appearances: 3 (2012–2020) ; As host team: — Number of three-time Olympians: 0 ; Last updated: 26 July 2021.

* Number of four-time Olympians: 0

This is a document about Summer Olympic Games
  to have hosted, having grown considerably since 1964. The other countries to have hosted the Summer Olympics are Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Soviet Union, Spain, and Sweden, with each of these countries having hosted the Summer Games on one occasion. Asia has hosted the Summer Olympics four times: in Tokyo (1964 and 2020), Seoul (1988), and Beijing (2008). The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were the first Summer Olympics to be held in South America and the first that was held completely during the local "winter" season. The only two countries in the Southern Hemisphere to have hosted the Summer Olympics have

This is a document about List of Olympic medalists in water polo (women)
 Women's national team: ; Team appearances: 3 (2012–2020) ; As host team: — Number of two-time Olympic medalists: 6 ; Last updated: 10 August 2021. Legend ; – Hosts <section begin=Spain />* Number of three-time Olympic medalists: 0

This is a document about Summer Olympic Games
  programme with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896 to 306 events with 11,238 competitors (6,179 men, 5,059 women) from 206 nations in 2016. The Summer Olympics have been hosted on five continents by a total of nineteen countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (1904, 1932, 1984, and 1996), three times in Great Britain (1908, 1948, and 2012), twice each in Greece (1896 and 2004), France (1900 and 1924), Germany (1936 and 1972), Australia (1956 and 2000), and Japan (1964 and 2020) and once each in Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italy (1960), Mexico (1968), Canada (1976), Soviet Union (1980), South Korea (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), and Brazil (2016). London has hosted the Summer Olympic Games a record three

This is a document about Spain at the Olympics
  Spain has hosted the Games on 1 occasion.

This is a document about Spain national under-23 football team
  The Spain Olympic football team (also known as Spain Under-23, or Spain U-23) represents Spain in international football competitions in the Olympic Games. The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except for the Olympics which allows the men's team up to three overage players. The team is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Having qualified for five Olympic competitions since 1992, Spain has won one gold medal (1992) and two silver medals (2000 and 2020). It is one of the most successful Olympic teams

This is a document about Olympic Games
  countries. As of 2021, since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in Asia or Oceania four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded. The United States hosted four Summer Games, more than any other nation. The British capital London holds the distinction of hosting three Olympic Games, all Summer, more than any other city. Paris, which previously hosted in 1900 and 1924, is due to

This is a document about Spain at the 1992 Summer Olympics
  Spain was the host nation for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The Games were quite exceptional for Spain because their athletes were competing not only in their home country, but also in the home city of IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch. 422 competitors, 297 men and 125 women, took part in 195 events in 29 sports.

This is a document about Sports in Los Angeles
  Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice. The city first hosted the games in 1932 and hosted once again in 1984. Los Angeles has made a total of ten Summer Olympic bids in its history, more than any other city. Los Angeles along with Athens, London and Paris are the four cities that have hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice. Los Angeles will host the 2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympic Games and will become the third city to host the Olympics three times, after London (1908, 1948, 2012) and Paris (1900, 1924, 2024).

This is a document about Andalusia
   220 Andalusian athletes have competed in a total of 16 summer or winter Olympic Games. The first was Leopoldo Sainz de la Maza, part of the silver medal-winning polo team at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. In all, Andalusians have won six gold medals, 11 silver, and two bronze. Winners of multiple medals include the Cordoban boxer Rafael Lozano (bronze in the 1996 Summer Olympics at Atlanta, Georgia, US, and silver in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia); sailor Theresa Zabell, Malagueña by adoption (gold medals at Barcelona in 1992 and Atlanta in 1996). Other notable winners have been Granadan tennis player Manuel Orantes (silver in the men's singles of the demonstration tournament in Mexico City in 1968), Jerezano riders Ignacio Rambla

Spain has hosted the Olympics once, specifically the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.


Question: when did the toronto maple leafs last win the stanley cup

Answer: 1967

This is a document about Toronto Maple Leafs
 the "Original Six", the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression. The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships, second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties, from 1947 to 1951; and from 1962 to 1967. Winning their last championship in 1967, the Maple Leafs' 50-season drought between championships is the longest current drought in the NHL. The Maple Leafs have developed rivalries with three NHL franchises, the Detroit Red Wings, the Montreal Canadiens, and the Ottawa

This is a document about 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs
 the third-place Toronto Maple Leafs. The second-place Montreal Canadiens played the fourth-place New York Rangers. The winner of the semi-finals series would play for the championship and Stanley Cup. Despite Chicago's impressive regular season marks, it was the third seed Toronto Maple Leafs who beat the Black Hawks in the first round of the playoffs. Montreal swept the Rangers in the minimum four games. The Maple Leafs now faced the Canadiens for the Stanley Cup. After splitting the first four games, the Maple Leafs won games five and six to win the series. 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1967 Stanley

This is a document about Al Smith (ice hockey)
 five goalies who played for the Maple Leafs during the 1966–67 regular season, their last Stanley Cup season. He was the back-up to Terry Sawchuk for two of the last three games in the 1967 Stanley Cup final. The official NHL Record Book and Guide does not list Smith on the Stanley Cup winning roster. Eighteen months earlier, Smith had quit the Toronto Marlboros to work for a hospital supply firm. During the 1964–65 season, Smith would get the opportunity to make his NHL debut for the Maple Leafs. The first game was against the Chicago Blackhawks, when he relieved

This is a document about 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs
 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the final playoffs before the expansion from six to twelve teams. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the defending champion Montreal Canadiens in six games to win the Stanley Cup. The Leafs squad was the oldest ever to win a Cup final; the average age of the team was well more than 30, and four players were more than 40. Toronto has not won the Cup or been to the Finals since. In the semi-finals, the Chicago Black Hawks who finished in first place played

This is a document about 1992–93 Toronto Maple Leafs season
 hoping to break their 26-year Stanley Cup drought; they had not even been to the Final since their last Cup win in 1967. The Los Angeles Kings, led by captain Wayne Gretzky, also had high ambitions. During Game 1 (a dominating victory for the Leafs) Los Angeles blue-liner Marty McSorley delivered a serious open ice hit on Toronto's Doug Gilmour. Leafs captain Wendel Clark took exception to the hit and went after McSorley for striking their star player. Toronto coach Pat Burns tried scaling the bench to get at Los Angeles coach Barry Melrose because he thought he ordered the

This is a document about 2011–12 Toronto Maple Leafs season
 (to Washington) and Fabian Brunnstrom (to the Detroit Red Wings). On October 4, the Leafs traded their fourth round pick at the 2012 NHL Draft to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for centre Dave Steckel. Prior to the beginning of the regular season, the Leafs unveiled new alternate jerseys, similar to the ones they used when they last won the Stanley Cup in 1967. The Maple Leafs went 4–4 in pre-season play. The Maple Leafs got off to a fast start, winning their first three games and seven of their first ten, finishing October in first place in the

This is a document about Jim Pappin
 Chicago Blackhawks. In 2007, Pappin was in the news when his 1967 Stanley Cup ring was found by a Florida treasure hunter. Pappin eventually struck a deal with the treasure hunter and the ring was returned for a reward. He is currently a scout for the Anaheim Ducks. Jim Pappin James Joseph Pappin (born September 10, 1939) is a retired professional ice hockey right winger. He won his first Stanley Cup in 1964 with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1967, Pappin led the NHL in playoff goals and points and won a second Stanley Cup with the Toronto Maple Leafs.

This is a document about History of the National Hockey League
 The Canadiens won five consecutive championships between 1956 and 1960, a feat no other team has duplicated. The Original Six era ended with the 1967 Stanley Cup Finals between the two-time defending champion Canadiens, and the Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs finished the era by winning the Cup four times between 1962 and 1967, their 1967 championship is the last Maple Leafs title to date. The Chicago Blackhawks, who won in 1961, are the only other team to win the Stanley Cup during this period. In 1963, Rangers governor William Jennings introduced to his peers the idea of expanding the

This is a document about Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment
  of MLSE at the end of 2011 after 14 years on the job, having tripled the value of the company. However, he was often criticized for his inability to end the company's long championship drought. The Leafs haven't won a championship since 1967, and at the time the only other major championship won under MLSE ownership was the 74th Grey Cup in 1986 by the Tiger-Cats. Toronto FC subsequently won in 2017, as did the Raptors in 2019. (The Argonauts' 2017 Grey Cup win came shortly before MLSE announced its purchase of the team.) Though Tom Anselmi briefly took over as President, he was

This is a document about Toronto Maple Leafs
  The Maple Leafs has won 13 Stanley Cups in its history. Toronto's first two Stanley Cup, in 1918 and 1922, took place when the Stanley Cup tournament operated as an interleague competition. Toronto's subsequent 11 Stanley Cups were awarded after 1926, when it was established as the championship trophy of the NHL. The Maple Leafs won their last Stanley Cup in 1967; with the team's 51-season Stanley Cup drought being the longest active drought in the NHL. The Maple Leafs were also awarded the Prince of Wales Trophy twice, following the 1946–47 season, and the 1962–63 season. The Prince of Wales Trophy was awarded to the club when it was used as NHL's regular season championship trophy.

This is a document about Stanley Cup
  not awarded in 1919 because of the Spanish flu epidemic and in 2005 because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. It was held by nine different teams between 1893 and 1914. The Montreal Canadiens have won it a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win it, doing so in 1993; the Detroit Red Wings have won it 11 times, the most of any United States-based NHL team, most recently in 2008. The current holders of the cup are the Tampa Bay Lightning after their victory in 2021. More than three thousand different names, including the names of over thirteen hundred players, had been engraved on it by 2017.

This is a document about Toronto Maple Leafs
  (originally named Air Canada Centre), in February 1999. The club was founded in 1917, operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas. Under new ownership, the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919. In 1927, the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs. A member of the "Original Six", the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression. The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships, second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens. The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties, from 1947 to 1951; and from 1962 to

This is a document about 2010–11 Toronto Maple Leafs season
  The Maple Leafs attempted to make the playoffs for the first time since the 2003–04 season. They were officially eliminated from playoff contention on April 5, 2011, when the Buffalo Sabres won against the Tampa Bay Lightning 4–2, shortly before Toronto lost to the Washington Capitals in a shoot-out. The Leafs hold the longest active Stanley Cup Finals drought streak not having competed in the finals since the 1966–67 NHL season. They also are tied with the Los Angeles Kings and the St. Louis Blues for the longest drought without a Stanley Cup until the Kings won the Stanley Cup in 2012, followed by the Blues in 2019. In the 2009–10 season, the Chicago Blackhawks ended the longest drought without winning a Stanley Cup at that time, not having won the Stanley Cup since the 1960–61 season.

This is a document about 1960 Stanley Cup Finals
  Montreal swept the Maple Leafs, outscoring them 15–5, en route to being the first team since the 1952 Detroit Red Wings to go without a loss in the playoffs, with Jean Beliveau scoring the game-winning goal in three of the matches. The Red Wings beat both the Leafs and Habs in the 1952 playoffs to set the record. After the series Rocket Richard retired. He went out with style, finishing with his 34th final-series goal in the third game. As of 2020, this is the last time a team from Toronto has lost a championship series in any of the "big four" major professional sports leagues. The Leafs would go on to appear in and win four Stanley Cup Finals in the 1960s, these being 1962, 1963, 1964 and their most recent Finals appearance and win in 1967. Since then, the Toronto Blue Jays (who joined Major League Baseball in 1977) have appeared in and won the World Series in 1992 and 1993, while the Toronto Raptors (who joined the National Basketball Association in 1995) appeared in and won the NBA Finals in 2019.

This is a document about James van Riemsdyk
  the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs. Washington eliminated Toronto with an overtime win in game six. Going into the 2017–18 season, van Riemsdyk was part of a strong forward group meant to carry the team offensively. On December 19, 2017, van Riemsdyk scored the 20,000th goal in Maple Leafs history with the third goal in an 8–1 defeat of the Hurricanes. The milestone also came on the 100th anniversary of the first goal in Toronto history, with Reg Noble of the Arenas scoring the franchise's first goal on December 19, 1917. His third career hat-trick came later that season, in a 6–5 victory over the Dallas Stars on March

This is a document about 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs
  The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 12, 2017, after the 2016–17 regular season and concluded on June 11, 2017, with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year. The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points (i.e. best record) during the regular season. The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989–90 season, ending the NHL's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons; the streak was also tied for the third-longest

This is a document about Toronto Maple Leafs
  North Division for the 2020–21 season alongside the NHL's other Canadian teams. During that season, teams only played games against teams in their new divisions in a limited 56 game season. On May 8, 2021, the Leafs clinched the North Division title, giving the Leafs guaranteed home advantage in the first two rounds of the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs. Matthews also led the league in goals with 41 in 52 games played, becoming the first Maple Leaf to capture the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy. However, the Leafs lost in the First Round to their archrivals, the Montreal Canadiens, with the Leafs surrendering a 3–1 series lead in the process.

This is a document about History of the National Hockey League (1992–present)
  added in 2017, and the Seattle Kraken in 2021. In additions to expansion teams, five franchises have relocated during this time: the Minnesota North Stars became the Dallas Stars (1993), the Quebec Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche (1995), the Winnipeg Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes (1996), the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes (1997), and the Atlanta Thrashers became the second franchise known as the Winnipeg Jets (2011). In 1993, the Montreal Canadiens celebrated the Stanley Cup's 100th anniversary with their 24th championship. They remain the last Canadian team to capture the trophy. The 1994 New York Rangers broke the Curse of 1940, winning their first title in 54 years. The renaissance of the Original Six

This is a document about Toronto Maple Leafs
  best-of-seven series. Toronto finished the 2017–18 season with 105 points by beating Montreal 4–2 in their final game of the regular season, a franchise-record, beating the previous record of 103 points set in 2004. They faced the Boston Bruins in the First Round and lost in seven games. Following the playoffs, Lamoriello was not renewed as general manager. Kyle Dubas was subsequently named the team's 17th general manager in May 2018. During the 2018 off-season, the Maple Leafs signed John Tavares to a seven-year, $77 million contract. On April 1, the Maple Leafs clinched a division berth for the 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Maple Leafs were eliminated in

This is a document about Stanley Cup playoffs
  the players feel that the Stanley Cup is the true championship trophy and thus it should be the only trophy that they should be hoisting. However, there have been many exceptions to this. 19 of the conference champions since 1997 have touched the trophy, of which 8 teams went on to win the Stanley Cup – Scott Stevens of the Devils in 2000 and 2003; Sidney Crosby of the Penguins in 2009, 2016, and 2017; Alexander Ovechkin of the Capitals in 2018; and Steven Stamkos of the Lightning in 2020. In recent years, the captain of the winning team poses (usually looking

The Toronto Maple Leafs last won the Stanley Cup in 1967.