Question: who built the sudarshan lake in the saurashtra region

Answer: Pushyagupta

This is a document about History of Gujarat
 a number of earlier states of Gujarat circa 300 BC. Pushyagupta, a Vaishya, was appointed Governor of Saurashtra by the Mauryan regime. He ruled (322 BC to 294 BC) Girinagar (present Junagadh) and built a dam on the Sudarshan lake. Emperor Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, not only ordered engraving of his famous edicts on the rock at Junagadh, but asked his Governor Tusherpha to take out canals from the lake where an earlier Mauryan Governor had built a dam. Between the decline of the Mauryan power and Saurashtra coming under the sway of Samprati Mauryas of Ujjain, there

This is a document about Gujarat
 Mauryan Dynasty, Western Satraps, Satavahana dynasty, Gupta Empire, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakuta Empire, Pala Empire and Gurjara-Pratihara Empire, as well as local dynasties such as the Maitrakas and then the Chaulukyas. The early history of Gujarat reflects the imperial grandeur of Chandragupta Maurya who conquered a number of earlier states in what is now Gujarat. Pushyagupta, a Vaishya, was appointed the governor of Saurashtra by the Mauryan regime. He ruled Giringer (modern day Junagadh) (322 BC to 294 BC) and built a dam on the Sudarshan lake. Emperor Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, not only ordered engraving of his edicts

This is a document about Saurashtra (region)
 Referred to as Saurashtra and as some other names as well over a period of time, since the Mahabharata and Vedic period, this region is mentioned again as Surastrene, or Saraostus in the 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Surashtra and its Prakrit name Sorath, literally means "good country". The name finds mentions in the Junagadh Rock inscription dating 150 CE, attributed to Rudradaman I. Prior to this, during the rule of Ashoka (268–232 BCE), the region was under Yavana Tushaspa, and governed by Pushyagupta during Chandragupta Maurya's reign (322BC – 298BC). Vrajlal Sapovadia noted from literature and

This is a document about Skandagupta
  to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta. Parnadatta appointed his son Chakrapalita as the magistrate of the Girinagara city (near modern Junagadh-Girnar area), which was presumably the capital of Surashtra. The Junagadh inscription records Chakdrapalita's repairs to the Sudarshana lake, an ancient reservoir originally constructed by Chandragupta Maurya, and later improved by his grandson Ashoka. The dam was subsequently re-built by Rudradaman in c. 150, but burst in c. 456-457 (year 137 of the Gupta era). Chakrapalita is said to have spent an "immeasurable" amount of wealth to build an embankment,

This is a document about Gujarat
  Gulf during the time period of 1000 to 750 BCE. There was a succession of Hindu and Buddhist states such as the Mauryan Dynasty, Western Satraps, Satavahana dynasty, Gupta Empire, Chalukya dynasty, Rashtrakuta Empire, Pala Empire and Gurjara-Pratihara Empire, as well as local dynasties such as the Maitrakas and then the Chaulukyas. The early history of Gujarat includes the imperial grandeur of Chandragupta Maurya who conquered a number of earlier states in what is now Gujarat. Pushyagupta, a Vaishya, was appointed the governor of Saurashtra by the Mauryan regime. He ruled Girinagar (modern-day Junagadh) (322 BCE to 294 BCE) and built a dam on the Sudarshan lake. Emperor Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya,

This is a document about Devasena (Vakataka king)
  in marriage to the Vishnukundin king Madhavavarman II Janashraya. The reign of Devasena is also notable for the Hisse-Borala stone inscription. This inscription, which contains the date of year 380 of the Saka era (corresponding to 457/58 CE), is the only record that provides a firm chronological basis for Vakataka dynastic history. The inscription was discovered about 10 kilometers south of Devasena's capital of Vatsagulma (the present-day Washim) and records the construction of a water storage tank by a nobleman named Svamilladeva. The tank was named Sudarshana, which was also the name of a reservoir built by the children of Prabhavatigupta in her honor, and was possibly inspired by the famous Sudarshana lake of Junagadh in Gujarat. Ajay Mitra Shastri believes that Svamilladeva himself originally hailed from Gujarat and

This is a document about Rudradaman I
  he conquered Eastern and Western Akaravanti (Eastern Malwa) - Western Akaravanti being land lying east to Bhopal, which does not include any western part of Malwa or Avanti. Akaravanti, earlier called as Sudarsana, comprised only Eastern Malwa. Western Akaravanti does not refer to Avanti. The Sanskrit Junagadh inscription dated 150 CE credits Rudradāman I with supporting the cultural arts and Sanskrit literature and repairing the dam built by the Mauryans. He in fact repaired the embankments of the lake Sudarśana, which was constructed by the Mauryas for checking floods. Rudradāman is also known as the king who was ruling when the Greek writer Yavanesvara translated the Yavanajataka from Greek to Sanskrit, which influenced astrology in India. While most of the scholars, following Rapson believe that Rudradāman ruled from Ujjain, there is no such evidence to support this. In fact, there is evidence to prove the contrary:

This is a document about History of Gujarat
  Candragupta Maurya's rule over present-day Gujarat is attested to by the Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman. Under his rule, the provincial governor Puṣyagupta, a Vaiśya, started the construction of the Sudarśana lake by damming the Suvarṇasikatā and Palāśinī rivers which flowed from Mt Ūrjayat (modern Mt Girnār). The dam was completed under the reign of Aśoka by the Yavana king Tuṣāspha. What is now Gujarat comprised two provinces, Ānarta, and Surāṣṭra. According to the Pettavattu and Paramatthadīpanī, a ruler of Suraṭṭha, Piṅgala became king in 283 BCE. He was converted to "Natthika diṭṭhi" (a nihilistic doctrine) by his general, Nandaka, and attempted to convert the emperor Aśoka, but was himself converted to Buddhism. According to Kauṭilya, the Kṣatriyas and Vaiśyas of Surāṣṭra belong to various Śreṇīs "corporations or guilds". The Śreṇīs were devoted to the "possession of arms" or "agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade" respectively.

This is a document about Anarta
  The Junagarh rock inscription of the Saka ruler Rudradaman I mentions Anarta as a part of his kingdom. He placed Anarta under his Pahlava (Parthian) Amatya (minister) Suvishakha, who re-built a dam on the Sudarshana Lake there.

This is a document about Ana Sagar Lake
  Ana Sagar Lake is an artificial lake situated in the city of Ajmer in Rajasthan state in India. It was built by Arnoraja (alias Ana), the grandfather of Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1135 -1150 AD and is named after him. The catchments were built with the help of local populace. The lake is spread over 13 km. The Baradari or pavilions were built by Shahjahan in 1637 and Daulat Bagh Gardens by Jehangir.

This is a document about Wular Lake
  The Kashmiri sultan Zain-ul-Abidin is reputed to have ordered the construction of the artificial island of Zaina Lank in the middle of the lake in 1444. According to the traditional beliefs in the vicinity of Wular Lake there once stood a city whose king was Raja Sudrasen. By the reason of the enormity of his crimes, the waters of the lake rose and drowned him and his subjects. It was said that during the winter months, at low water the ruins of the submerged idol temple might be seen rising from the lake. Zayn Ul Aabidin constructed a spacious barge which he sank in the lake and upon which he laid a foundation of bricks and stones till it rose high enough to be at level with the water. Upon this he erected a Mosque and other buildings and gave the islet the name of Lanka. The expense of this work was defrayed by the fortunate discovery of two idols of solid gold which had been brought up from the lake by divers.

This is a document about Swaroop Sagar Lake
  Swaroop Sagar lake was built by Maharana Swarup Singh of Udaipur during 1857s. This lake was built to avoid water congestion, and to balance the water level in the connecting lakes, namely Fateh Sagar Lake and Pichola Lake.

This is a document about Viramgam
  The Gangasar lake was built eight hundred years ago by Sufi (Muslim mystic) saint Hazrat Alauddin Shah Chishty with help from Hazrat Islahuddin. He was born Hindu and his birth name was Gangu Vanjara. According to legend, he converted to Islam after watching miracles by Aladdin Shah. He built a lake at the request of Hazrat Aladdin Shah, which was named Gangasagar after his birth name Gangu Vanjara. The name later shortened to Gangasar.

This is a document about History of Raigad district
  with the help of the important historical document in Junagad inscription dated in the Saka year 72 (A. D. 150-51). The subject for the prasasti here is the reconstruction of the dam of the Sudarsana lake which during his time was wiped away by a terrible cyclone. Rudradaman's rule appears to have extended over the whole of the Ksaharata dominions with the only exception of Nasik and Poona districts. Besides being a great conqueror and administrator, he was a great patron of Sanskrit literature. In his reign and due to his influence Kardamakas entered into matrimonial alliances with the families of Satavahanas of Daksinapatha, of the Iksvakus of Andhrapatha and also of the Licchhavis of Vaisali. Successors of Rudradaman were, however, unable to retain their hold on the province of Aparanta probably on account of the pressure of Satavahanas at the end of the 2nd century AD.

This is a document about Gujarat
  Chandragupta Vikramaditya. Vikramaditya's successor Skandagupta left an inscription (450 CE) on a rock at Junagadh which gives details of the governor's repairs to the embankment surrounding Sudarshan lake after it was damaged by floods. The Anarta and Saurashtra regions were both parts of the Gupta empire. Towards the middle of the 5th century, the Gupta empire went into decline. Senapati Bhatarka, the general of the Guptas, took advantage of the situation and in 470 set up what came to be known as the Maitraka state. He shifted his capital from Giringer to Valabhi, near Bhavnagar, on Saurashtra's east coast. The Maitrakas of Vallabhi became very powerful with their rule prevailing over large parts

This is a document about Deoria Tal
  Hindu faith states that the Devas bathed in this lake, hence the name. The lake is also believed to be the "Indra Sarovar" referred to in the Puranas by wandering Hindu mendicants, Sadhus. It is also believed that it was the place from where the mighty Pandavas were asked queries by Yaksha. According to the locals it was also said that this lake was built by Bheem, who was strongest among the Pandavas, to appease his thirst, and Yudhister, who was the wisest, suggested Bheem to build his own lake.

This is a document about Sarasbaug Ganpati
  In the 18th century, soon after completion of Shree Devdeveshwar Temple on Parvati hill, Shrimant Balaji Baji Rao turned his attention towards the development and beautification of environs of Parvati hills. He decided to construct a lake at the foothills of Parvati. An island of about 25,000 sq.ft. (2,370 m2) area was retained in the middle of this lake. Later on, a beautiful garden was created on this island. Shrimant Nanasaheb Peshwa gave it a poetic name, “The Sarasbaug ”. In 1784, Shrimant Sawai Madhavrao Peshwa built a small temple in Sarasbaug and installed the idol of Shree Siddhivinayak Gajanan, the God he worshiped. Sarasbaug has now become a place of worship for people from all over the world and also a popular hang-out for Punekars.

This is a document about Girnar
  Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman). The edict also narrates the story of Sudarshan Lake which was built or renovated by Rudradaman I, and the heavy rain and storm due to which it had broken. Another inscription dates from about 450 CE and refers to Skandagupta, the last Gupta Empire. The protective building around the edicts was built in 1900 by Nawab Rasool Khan of Junagadh State at a cost of Rs 8,662. It was repaired and restored in 1939 and 1941 by the rulers of Junagadh. The wall of the structure had collapsed in 2014. A much smaller replica of these Girnar edicts has been positioned outside the entrance of the National Museum in Delhi. Similarly, inside the Parliament Museum at New Delhi, an exhibit replicates the act of artists sculpting inscriptions of Girnar edict on a rock.

This is a document about Joymoti Konwari
  Joymoti and Gadadhar Singha's eldest son Rudra Singha (Sukhrungphaa, 1696–1714) succeeded his father. In honour of the memory of his mother Joymoti, Rudra Singha built the Joysagar Tank in 1697 at Sibsagar. It is believed to be the biggest man-made lake in India, comprising an area covering 318 acre of land, including its four banks, out of which 155 acre is filled with fresh water. A 2 km-long earthen water pipeline once ran from the tank to the Rangpur Palace (Kareng Ghar), supplying water to the royal palace.

Chakrapalit, a governor of the Panchalas under the Mauryan dynasty, is credited with building the Sudarshan lake in the Saurashtra region around 296-246 BCE.


Question: suggest a pollutant which can be found in the industrial effluent

Answer: cadmium

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
 includes cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, cyanide, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, oil & grease, silver and zinc. The specific pollutants discharged by organic chemical manufacturers vary widely from plant to plant, depending on the types of products manufactured, such as bulk organic chemicals, resins, pesticides, plastics, or synthetic fibers. Some of the organic compounds that may be discharged are benzene, chloroform, napthalene, phenols, toluene and vinyl chloride. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which is a gross measurement of a range of organic pollutants, may be used to gauge the effectiveness of a biological wastewater treatment system, and is used as a

This is a document about Nonpoint source water pollution regulations in the United States
 is ingested into the body. Nonpoint source pollution can often have toxic contaminants and chemicals present in the water. Additionally, there can be both bacteria and viruses (aka pathogens) found in the water. Effluent from nonpoint sources may include toxic contaminates and chemical compounds including heavy metals like lead, mercury, zinc, and cadmium, organics like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other substances resistant to breakdown . There are many health effects associated with many of these toxic substances. Pathogens are bacteria and viruses that can be found in water and cause diseases in humans. Pathogens found

This is a document about Sewage
  Sewage from communities with industrial facilities may include some industrial wastewater, generated by industrial processes such as the production or manufacture of goods. Volumes of industrial wastewater vary widely with the type of industry. Industrial wastewater may contain very different pollutants at much higher concentrations than what is typically found in sewage. Pollutants may be toxic or non-biodegradable waste including pharmaceuticals, biocides, heavy metals, radionuclides, or thermal pollution. An industry may treat its wastewater and discharge it into the environment (or even use the treated wastewater for specific applications), or, in case it is located in the urban area, it may discharge the wastewater into the public sewerage system. In the latter case, industrial wastewater may receive pre-treatment at the factories to reduce the pollutant load. Mixing industrial wastewater with sewage does nothing to reduce the mass of pollutants to be treated, but the volume of sewage lowers the concentration of pollutants unique to industrial wastewater, and the volume of industrial wastewater lowers the concentration of pollutants unique to sewage.

This is a document about Contaminants of emerging concern
  Industrial chemicals from various industries are known to produce harmful chemicals that are known to cause harm to human health and the environment. Common industrial chemicals like 1,4-Dioxanes, Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are commonly found in various water sources.

This is a document about Smelting
  Wastewater pollutants discharged by iron and steel mills includes gasification products such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, cyanide, ammonia, phenols and cresols, together with a range of more complex organic compounds known collectively as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Treatment technologies include recycling of wastewater; settling basins, clarifiers and filtration systems for solids removal; oil skimmers and filtration; chemical precipitation and filtration for dissolved metals; carbon adsorption and biological oxidation for organic pollutants; and evaporation. Pollutants generated by other types of smelters varies with the base metal ore. For example, aluminum smelters typically generate fluoride, benzo(a)pyrene, antimony and nickel, as well as aluminum. Copper smelters typically discharge cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic and nickel, in addition to copper.

This is a document about Water pollution
   Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using over 60% of the total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills, pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants such as nutrients. Certain industries (e.g. food processing) discharge high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and oil and grease. Some industrial discharges include persistent organic pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
  some pollutants (e.g., toxic compounds), and then discharge the partially treated wastewater to the municipal sewer system. Most industries produce some wastewater. Recent trends have been to minimize such production or to recycle treated wastewater within the production process. Some industries have been successful at redesigning their manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate pollutants, through a process called pollution prevention. Sources of industrial wastewater include battery manufacturing, electric power plants, food industry, iron and steel industry, mines and quarries, nuclear industry, oil and gas extraction, organic chemicals manufacturing, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, pulp and paper industry, smelters, textile mills, industrial oil contamination, water treatment, wood preserving. Treatment processes include brine treatment, solids removal (e.g. chemical precipitation, filtration), oils and grease removal, removal of biodegradable organics, removal of other organics, removal of acids and alkalis, removal of toxic materials.

This is a document about Scouring (textiles)
  Effluent is waste water that is thrown away in the water bodies. Industrial wastewater contaminated with scouring residues is heavily contaminated and extremely polluted.

This is a document about Water pollution in the United States
  Today, industrial pollution is caused by discharges and emissions from manufacturing plants in certain industries, which continues to pollute surface waters nationwide. Many manufacturing processes generate wastewater, contributing to the water pollution found in rivers, lakes, and oceans. In 2015 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that fossil-fuel power stations, particularly coal-fired plants were the largest contributors of industrial water pollution. EPA found instances where power plants discharged toxic pollutants, such as mercury, arsenic, and lead into surface waters. Although many industrial facilities have added or expanded their wastewater treatment systems to comply with the CWA, certain industrial sectors and facilities have not addressed all components in their discharges and continue to contribute significant quantities of pollutants to surface waters in the US. Based on a report of 21,393 industrial and commercial facilities subject to the EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) system, discharges of toxic pollutants in 2019 totaled about 200 e6lb, a decrease of 38 e6lb (16% reduction) from 2007, mostly due to reduced nitrate discharges. (TRI reports do not cover all industries or all pollutants discharged.)

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
   Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans. This applies to industries that generate wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter (e.g. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or nutrients such as ammonia. Some industries install a pre-treatment system to

This is a document about Pollution of the Ganges
  as lead and copper. The amount of parts per million of copper released in the Pandu before it even reaches the Ganga is a thousand times higher than in uncontaminated water. Industrial effluents are about 12% of the total volume of effluent reaching the Ganges. Although a relatively low proportion, they are a cause for major concern because they are often toxic and non-biodegradable. Plastic and industrial waste, such as wastewater from the Factories that sit on the banks of the Ganga, is another cause of pollution. The most worrying problem facing the river is its increasing lack of water. Water for irrigation is being removed faster than the rainy season can replenish it.

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
  The specific pollutants generated and the resultant effluent concentrations can vary widely among the industrial sectors.

This is a document about Sewage treatment
  In highly regulated developed countries, industrial wastewater usually receives at least pretreatment if not full treatment at the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load, before discharge to the sewer. The pretreatment has the following aims: to remove constituents that may pose risks to the sewerage system and its workers; prevent toxic or inhibitory compounds to the microorganisms in the biological stage in the municipal treatment plant; hinder beneficial use of the produced sewage sludge; or that will still be present in the final effluent from the treatment plant. Some industrial wastewater may contain pollutants which cannot be removed by sewage treatment plants. Also, variable flow of industrial waste associated with production cycles may upset the population dynamics of biological treatment units.

This is a document about Water efficiency
  In Malaysia, the citizens have been experiencing harms from water pollutants in the river that have been accumulating over decades due to fast growing urbanization and industrialization. The planners of Malaysia have been trying to coming up with models that indicate the amount of pollutants has grown over time as cities became more industrialized and how these chemicals are distributed in various regions with the usage of econometrics and various scientific tools. Such an attempt is encourages in-depth researches because sources should be able to analyzed numerically and give economic evaluations while also evaluating the environment. With abundance of evidences provided by models which reveal the inadequacy of current policies, the Malaysian decisions-makers now recognize that appropriate treatments are necessary in regions that are industrialized to protect the residents from water pollutants. As a result, the government seeks to increase public awareness and provide affordable water services to residents by year 2020.

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
  Fossil-fuel power stations, particularly coal-fired plants, are a major source of industrial wastewater. Many of these plants discharge wastewater with significant levels of metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium, as well as arsenic, selenium and nitrogen compounds (nitrates and nitrites). Wastewater streams include flue-gas desulfurization, fly ash, bottom ash and flue gas mercury control. Plants with air pollution controls such as wet scrubbers typically transfer the captured pollutants to the wastewater stream. Ash ponds, a type of surface impoundment, are a widely used treatment technology at coal-fired plants. These ponds use gravity to settle out large particulates (measured as total suspended solids) from power plant wastewater. This technology does not treat dissolved pollutants. Power stations use additional technologies to control pollutants, depending on the particular wastestream in the plant. These include dry ash handling, closed-loop ash recycling, chemical precipitation, biological treatment (such as an activated sludge process), membrane systems, and evaporation-crystallization systems. Technological advancements in ion-exchange membranes and electrodialysis systems has enabled high efficiency treatment of flue-gas desulfurization wastewater to meet recent EPA discharge limits. The treatment approach is similar for other highly scaling industrial wastewaters.

This is a document about Water resources
  from industrial uses is pollution. Pollution includes discharged solutes (chemical pollution) and increased water temperature (thermal pollution). Industry requires pure water for many applications and utilizes a variety of purification techniques both in water supply and discharge. Most of this pure water is generated on site, either from natural freshwater or from municipal grey water. Industrial consumption of water is generally much lower than withdrawal, due to laws requiring industrial grey water to be treated and returned to the environment. Thermoelectric power plants using cooling towers have high consumption, nearly equal to their withdrawal, as most of the withdrawn water is evaporated as part of the cooling process. The withdrawal, however, is lower than in once-through cooling systems.

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
  Textile mills, including carpet manufacturers, generate wastewater from a wide variety of processes, including cleaning and finishing, yarn manufacturing and fabric finishing (such as bleaching, dyeing, resin treatment, waterproofing and retardant flameproofing). Pollutants generated by textile mills include BOD, SS, oil and grease, sulfide, phenols and chromium. Insecticide residues in fleeces are a particular problem in treating waters generated in wool processing. Animal fats may be present in the wastewater, which if not contaminated, can be recovered for the production of tallow or further rendering. Textile dyeing plants generate wastewater that contain synthetic (e.g., reactive dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, vat dyes, sulphur dyes, mordant dyes, direct dyes, ingrain dyes, solvent dyes, pigment dyes) and natural dyestuff, gum thickener (guar) and various wetting agents, pH buffers and dye retardants or accelerators. Following treatment with polymer-based flocculants and settling agents, typical monitoring parameters include BOD, COD, color (ADMI), sulfide, oil and grease, phenol, TSS and heavy metals (chromium, zinc, lead, copper).

This is a document about Water treatment
  Heavy metals in wastewater have become a serious environmental issue in recent years, owing to the high damage they pose to ecosystems and human health even at extremely low concentrations. Heavy metal pollution is a substantial environmental burden due to its flexibility, accumulation, non-biodegradability, and persistence. Its effluent is discharged into the environment by industries such as paper, Insecticides, tanneries, metal plating, mining operations, and so on. This effluent is non-biodegradable and poisonous or damaging to human physiology and other biological systems. Organic and inorganic pollutants are two types of pollutants found in wastewater, each with a different spectrum of dangerous values. In the treatment of organic pollutants, biological, physical, and chemical methods are commonly used.

This is a document about Industrial wastewater treatment
 Manufacturing process wastestreams, which can include conventional pollutants (i.e. controllable with secondary treatment systems), toxic pollutants (e.g. solvents, heavy metals), and other harmful compounds such as nutrients ; Non-process wastestreams: boiler blowdown and cooling water, which produce thermal pollution and other pollutants ; Industrial site drainage, generated both by manufacturing facilities, service industries and energy and mining sites ; Wastestreams from the energy and mining sectors: acid mine drainage, produced water from oil and gas extraction, radionuclides ; Wastestreams that are by-products of treatment or cooling processes: backwashing (water treatment), brine. Industrial facilities may generate the following industrial wastewater flows:

Based on the provided text, several pollutants can be found in industrial effluent, including heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Organic chemicals like benzene, chloroform, phenol, toluene, and vinyl chloride are also mentioned. Additionally, industrial effluent may contain pathogens and other substances like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (


Question: where do earth 's large ice sheets now exist

Answer: Greenland

This is a document about Ice sheet
 Ice sheet An ice sheet, also known as a continental glacier, is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than . The only current ice sheets are in Antarctica and Greenland; during the last glacial period at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the Laurentide ice sheet covered much of North America, the Weichselian ice sheet covered northern Europe and the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered southern South America. Ice sheets are bigger than ice shelves or alpine glaciers. Masses of ice covering less than 50,000 km are termed an ice cap. An ice cap will typically feed

This is a document about Polar climate
 is referred to as Alpine climate. Alpine climate can mimic either tundra or ice cap climate. On Earth, the only continent where the ice cap polar climate is predominant is Antarctica. All but a few isolated coastal areas on the island of Greenland also have the ice cap climate. Coastal regions of Greenland that do not have permanent ice sheets have the less extreme tundra climates. The northernmost part of the Eurasian land mass, from the extreme northeastern coast of Scandinavia and eastwards to the Bering Strait, large areas of northern Siberia and northern Iceland have tundra climate as well.

This is a document about Greenhouse and icehouse Earth
 potent carbon dioxide. Currently, the Earth is in an icehouse climate state. About 34 million years ago, ice sheets began to form in Antarctica; the ice sheets in the Arctic did not start forming until 2 million years ago. Some processes that may have led to our current icehouse may be connected to the development of the Himalayan Mountains and the opening of the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. Scientists have been attempting to compare the past transitions between icehouse and greenhouse, and vice versa to understand where our planet is now heading. Without the human influence on

This is a document about Ice cap climate
 time forming a large ice sheet. The ice cap climate is distinct from the tundra climate, or "ET". A tundra climate has a summer season with temperatures consistently above freezing for several months. This summer is enough to melt the winter ice cover, which prevents the formation of ice sheets. Because of this, tundras have vegetation, while ice caps do not. Ice cap climate is the world's coldest climate, and includes the coldest places on Earth. With an average temperature of , Vostok, Antarctica is the coldest place in the world, and has also recorded the lowest temperature, . The

This is a document about Robin Bell (scientist)
 Her polar research has led to a number of important scientific discoveries. She discovered a volcano beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet as well as several large lakes locked beneath two miles of ice. During the International Polar Year, Bell lead a major expedition the Antarctica to explore the last unknown mountain range on Earth the completely ice-covered Gamburtsev Mountains. Her research in the Gamburtsev Mountains demonstrated that water hidden beneath the ice sheet runs uphill and that ice sheets can thicken from below, overturning long-held assumptions about ice sheets. Bell also is the lead Primary Investigator on the ROSETTA-Ice

This is a document about Quaternary glaciation
 the ice sheets from the last glacial period to begin to disappear. Remnants of these last glaciers, now occupying about 10% of the world's land surface, still exist in Greenland, Antarctica and some mountainous regions. During the glacial periods, the present (i.e. interglacial) hydrologic system was completely interrupted throughout large areas of the world and was considerably modified in others. Due to the volume of ice on land, sea level was about 120 meters lower than present. No completely satisfactory theory has been proposed to account for Earth's history of glaciation. The cause of glaciation may be related to several

This is a document about East Antarctic Ice Sheet
 East Antarctic Ice Sheet The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is one of two large ice sheets in Antarctica, and the largest on the entire planet. The EAIS lies between 45° west and 168° east longitudinally. The EAIS holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 53.3 m and is considerably larger in area and mass than the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). It is separated from the WAIS by the Transantarctic Mountains. The EAIS is the driest, windiest, and coldest place on Earth, with temperatures reported down to nearly -100°C. The EAIS holds the thickest ice on Earth,

This is a document about Terry Wilson (scientist)
 Terry Wilson (scientist) Terry Jean Wilson (born 1954) is an international leader in the study of present-day tectonics in Antarctica. She has led large, international efforts, such as Polar Earth Observing Network (POLENET), to investigate the interactions between the earth's crust and the cryosphere in Antarctica. Wilson received her BS from the University of Michigan and Ph.D from Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory and Columbia University in 1983. Wilson is based at Ohio State University where she investigates the Earth's structural architecture, the interaction between ice sheets in Antarctica and the solid Earth and neotectonic rifting. Her research integrates satellite remote

This is a document about Megarachne
 the Middle Carboniferous due to falling CO2 levels in the atmosphere and high oxygen levels. The Southern Hemisphere, where Argentina was and still is located, may even have experienced glaciation with large continental ice sheets similar to the modern glacial ice sheets of the Arctic and Antarctica, or smaller glaciers in dispersed centers. The spread of the ice sheets also affected sea levels, which would rise and fall throughout the period. Late Carboniferous flora was low in diversity but also more or less developed uniformly throughout Gondwana. The plant life consisted of pteridosperms such as "Nothorhacopteris", "Triphyllopteris" and "Botrychiopsis", and

This is a document about Katabatic wind
 over Antarctica is largely determined by the katabatic winds, particularly outside the summer season, except in coastal regions when storms may impose their own wind field. Katabatic winds are most commonly found blowing out from the large and elevated ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. The buildup of high density cold air over the ice sheets and the elevation of the ice sheets brings into play enormous gravitational energy. Where these winds are concentrated into restricted areas in the coastal valleys, the winds blow well over hurricane force, reaching around . In Greenland these winds are called piteraq and are

This is a document about Joanne Johnson
 also led to a completely novel proxy for recognising past ice sheets using alteration mineral chemistry), the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee named a feature on James Ross Island, Antarctica after her. Johnson Mesa, James Ross Island, Antarctica (63° 49'40"S, 57° 55'22"W) is a large flat-topped volcanic mountain north of Abernethy Flats, between Crame Col and Bibby Point on Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island. Joanne Johnson Joanne Johnson (born 1977, Birmingham, UK) is a British geologist and prominent Antarctic scientist, currently working for British Antarctic Survey in the 'Palaeoenvironments, Ice Sheets and Climate Change' team. Johnson joined British Antarctic Survey in

This is a document about Late Cenozoic Ice Age
 current extent. It has persisted to the current time. In the last three million years, glaciations have spread to the northern hemisphere. It commenced with Greenland becoming increasingly covered by an ice sheet in late Pliocene (2.9-2.58 Ma ago) During the Pleistocene Epoch (starting 2.58 Ma ago), the Pleistocene Glaciation developed with decreasing mean temperatures and increasing amplitudes between glacials and interglacials. During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene, large areas of northern North America and northern Eurasia have been covered by ice sheets. Throughout the Phanerozoic Aeon (everything after the Precambrian), the Earth has altered between two phases, greenhouse

This is a document about Glacier
 water. On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets (also known as "continental glaciers") in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic island countries such as New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly or about 98 percent of Antarctica's , with an average thickness

This is a document about Ice age
 scales called glacial periods, glacials or glacial advances, and interglacial periods, interglacials or glacial retreats. The earth is currently in an interglacial, and the last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago. All that remains of the continental ice sheets are the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and smaller glaciers such as on Baffin Island. The definition of the Quaternary as beginning 2.58 Ma is based on the formation of the Arctic ice cap. The Antarctic ice sheet began to form earlier, at about 34 Ma, in the mid-Cenozoic (Eocene-Oligocene Boundary). The term Late Cenozoic Ice Age is used to

This is a document about Physical impacts of climate change
 Glacier, Greenland]] Despite their proximity and importance to [[world population|human populations]], the mountain and valley glaciers of temperate latitudes amount to a small fraction of glacial ice on the earth. About 99% is in the great ice sheets of polar and subpolar Antarctica and Greenland. These continuous continental-scale ice sheets, or more in thickness, cap the polar and subpolar land masses. Like rivers flowing from an enormous lake, numerous outlet glaciers transport ice from the margins of the ice sheet to the ocean. Glacier retreat has been observed in these outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the ice flow

This is a document about Sea level rise
 sea level rise. Oceans expand if they are warming, glaciers at high altitudes melt and the total mass of ice sheets decreases. Sea level rise in the last 150 years was dominated by retreat of glaciers and expansion of the ocean, but the contributions of the two large ice sheets (Greenland and Antarctica) is expected to increase in the 21st century. The ice sheets store most of the land ice (∼99.5%), with a sea-level equivalent (SLE) of for Greenland and for Antarctica. Each year about of precipitation (liquid equivalent) falls on the ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, mostly as

This is a document about Last Glacial Maximum
 Last Glacial Maximum The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period when ice sheets were at their greatest extent. Vast ice sheets covered much of North America, northern Europe, and Asia. The ice sheets profoundly affected Earth's climate by causing drought, desertification, and a large drop in sea levels. The ice sheets reached their maximum coverage about 26,500 years ago (26.5 ka BP). Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere at approximately 20 ka and in Antarctica approximately at 14.5 ka, consistent with evidence for an abrupt rise in the sea level at about

This is a document about Eric Rignot
 Eric Rignot Eric Rignot is Professor of Earth system science at the University of California, Irvine, and principal scientist for the Radar Science and Engineering Section at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He is a principal investigator on several NASA-funded projects to study the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheets and Antarctic ice sheets by using radar interferometry and other methods; the interactions of ice shelves with the ocean; and the dynamic retreat of Patagonian glaciers. In particular, Rignot's primary research interests are glaciology, climate change, radar remote sensing, ice sheet numerical modeling, radar interferometry, radio echo sounding, and ice-ocean

This is a document about Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions
 the session led by Stefan Rahmstorf. Eric Rignot, Professor of Earth system science at the University of California, Irvine, said "As a result of the acceleration of outlet glaciers over large regions, the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are already contributing more and faster to sea level rise than anticipated. If this trend continues, we are likely to witness sea level rise one metre or more by year 2100." Coverage of the conference was extensive, with the BBC leading its reportage with the sea level rise findings. The Guardian focused on the news that the Greenland ice sheet is

This is a document about Eric Rignot
 widely publicized study which based on grounding line retreat, found that the melting of glaciers in the Amundsen Sea appears to be unstoppable. Rignot said that these glaciers have ""passed the point of no return."" Eric Rignot Eric Rignot is Professor of Earth system science at the University of California, Irvine, and principal scientist for the Radar Science and Engineering Section at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He is a principal investigator on several NASA-funded projects to study the mass balance of the Greenland ice sheets and Antarctic ice sheets by using radar interferometry and other methods; the interactions of ice

Earth's large ice sheets currently exist in Antarctica and Greenland.


Question: who did the original power rangers theme song

Answer: Ron Wasserman

This is a document about Go Go Power Rangers
 Go Go Power Rangers "Go Go Power Rangers" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as "Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW." It was released by Saban Records, later renamed Saban Music Group of Saban Capital Group, on CD and cassette formats in the US on December 2, 1994, and in the UK December 14, 1994. The song serves as the opening theme for the first three seasons of the original "Power Rangers" series "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers." The song, with minor alterations of its lyrics, was also used for the mini-series "Alien Rangers." The titular refrain,

This is a document about Go Go Power Rangers
 of JAM Project recorded a cover of "Go Go Power Rangers." The song, when used as the main theme for "Power Rangers Samurai" and "Power Rangers Super Samurai," was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, "Power Rangers Megaforce" and "Power Rangers Super Megaforce", "Power Rangers Dino Charge" and "Power Rangers Dino Super Charge", and "Power Rangers Ninja Steel" all were also performed by Kaniel. Go Go Power Rangers "Go Go Power Rangers" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as "Aaron Waters -

This is a document about Ron Wasserman
 iTunes, etc.) coming thereafter. This new album includes an instrumental version of each song, making it the largest instrumental release of Power Rangers music thus far. A listing of the tracks is as follows: He is married to Kathleen Fisher (the namesake and Wasserman's bandmate in Fisher) and they have a son, named Aron. Ron Wasserman Ronald Aaron Wasserman (born September 2, 1961), also known as Aaron Waters and The Mighty Raw, is an American music artist best known for composing the original theme song for "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" and for the large volume of original songs he also

This is a document about Power Rangers S.P.D
 and in the South Korean dub of "Dekaranger", it stood for "Special Police Delta". A Japanese dub of "S.P.D." started airing on Toei's digital television channel in Japan starting in August 2011, with two DVD volumes released on August 5. It features the original "Dekaranger" cast members dubbing over the voices of their American counterparts (with the exception of Mako Ishino, who is the series' narrator rather than voicing her character's counterpart). "Power Rangers S.P.D." marks the return of original Power Rangers composer Ron Wasserman, who performed the opening theme. Wasserman's previous involvement with the franchise was "Power Rangers in

This is a document about VR Troopers
 arts rival. Tao Chong (Richard Rabago) served as Adam's caretaker and mentor. Tao also had a daughter named Mia, and Doug Sloan played the part of Tyler Steele in flashbacks. The pilot included a pair of bumbling news reporters named Elmo (played by Jamie Kennedy) and Scuzzy, who would've served as the series' comic relief. Its theme song was based on Ron Wasserman's "Go Green/White Ranger Go" song in the "Power Rangers" series. In the original "VR Troopers" promo, Kaitlin had the last name of "Hall" instead of "Star" and Professor Hart was played by a different actor with an

This is a document about Power Rangers (song)
 in the Power Rangers franchise. However, a White Ranger did already exist in the Super Sentai series "Gosei Sentai Dairanger". Power Rangers music for the single was produced by Mike Stock and Matt Aitken. "Go Green Ranger Go" was produced, arranged and engineered by Ron Wasserman, recorded at Saban Studios and mastered by Ric Wilson. The music coordinator was David Hillenbrand. All four songs were performed by Ron Wasserman (A.K.A. Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW). Power Rangers (song) "Power Rangers" is a song written by Kussa Mahchi, performed by Aaron Waters - The Mighty Raw. It was released in

This is a document about Ron Wasserman
 Ron Wasserman Ronald Aaron Wasserman (born September 2, 1961), also known as Aaron Waters and The Mighty Raw, is an American music artist best known for composing the original theme song for "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers" and for the large volume of original songs he also recorded for the franchise. He is also a member of the band Fisher. Wasserman has been fascinated with music since he was three years old. His early music bands include Hollywood Headliners Betty Boop & the Beat, formed by SAG actress Lucrecia Sarita Russo. In 1983, (with Wasserman on keyboards) the group opened for

This is a document about Power Rangers (song)
  Of these tracks, only the third "Go Green Ranger Go" was original music from the television series. The other three were remixed and rearranged songs, using the series' theme tune as well as sound clips from the series. The extended club mix was basically just the main theme tune, but extended to last about 2 minutes longer. The main song was particularly notable for an original line of dialogue recorded by David Fielding (Zordon) and Richard Steven Horvitz (Alpha 5) for the end of the song. The two characters, Zordon particularly, reveal the future existence of the first White Ranger, before such a thing existed in the Power Rangers franchise.

This is a document about The Adventures of William Tell
  The series featured a long-remembered theme song, with music based on the William Tell Overture by Gioachino Rossini. For the show, the song lyrics were by Harold Purcell and were sung by David Whitfield. Because this portion of Rossini's overture was the theme of The Lone Ranger in the United States, a different portion of the overture, with lyrics added, became the theme song there, titled: The Freedom Song – "Marching Behind William Tell" by Geoffrey Parsons. This is on The Network DVD episode Castle of Fear. Incidental music was by Albert Elms and Sydney John Kay.

This is a document about Go Go Power Rangers
  "Go Go Power Rangers" is a song by Ron Wasserman who recorded it under the name Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW. It was released by Saban Records, later renamed Saban Music Group of Saban Capital Group, on CD and cassette formats in the US on December 2, 1994, and in the UK December 14, 1994. The song serves as the opening theme for the first three seasons of the original Power Rangers series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. It was composed using keyboard only, preloaded with guitar and drum sound, since Ron Wasserman does not play either instrument. The song, with minor alterations of its lyrics, was also used for the

This is a document about The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers
  The song "Rangers Ride Forever" (commonly known as "Rangers Are Forever"), which featured as the end theme for episodes 36 and 38-65, was performed by the UK rock/AOR band FM, whose lead singer is Steve Overland. FM also performed the song "Showdown" (commonly referred to as "Out Beyond The Stars"), which was included as foreground music in several episodes. Both songs were written and composed by brothers Steve and Chris Overland.

This is a document about DuckTales
  The series theme song was written by Mark Mueller, an ASCAP award-winning pop music songwriter who also wrote the theme song to Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers; Mueller was paid a little over $1000 to write the tune. Episode musical scores and background cues were written by at least four musicians. The primary and most known composer was Ron Jones, who wrote and conducted orchestral themes for the program. In contrast to how the other composers were creating a "patronizing" and "cute" score for the show, Jones says he composed the music with regard to the audience and its intelligence. "I would not play the score like a kid's show at all. If they went on an adventure

This is a document about Maverick (TV series)
  The memorable theme song was penned by prolific composers David Buttolph (music) and Paul Francis Webster (lyrics). Buttolph's theme first appeared as incidental music in the Warner Bros. film of The Lone Ranger. The theme song was only heard briefly at the show's opening (after a teaser clip), and in an instrumental version. For the closing credits, a full-length (30-second) version was used. The prolific Buttolph's other most remembered musical contribution was the arrangement of Alfred Newman's stirring theme from 1940's The Mark of Zorro starring Tyrone Power. The closing theme song was entirely instrumental during season one. A vocal version with lyrics debuted partway through season two, being used intermittently in place of the instrumental version. The vocal theme finally saw regular use by the end of season two and for all seasons thereafter. The vocal theme, performed by an all-male chorus, described the lead character of Maverick ("Who is the tall dark stranger there? / Maverick is the name...") – even though it debuted well after the two-Maverick format was firmly established.

This is a document about Go Go Power Rangers
  The song, when used as the main theme for Power Rangers Samurai and Power Rangers Super Samurai, was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, including Power Rangers Megaforce and Power Rangers Super Megaforce; Power Rangers Dino Charge and Power Rangers Dino Super Charge; and Power Rangers Ninja Steel, all of which were also performed by Kaniel.

This is a document about Power Rangers (song)
  Power Rangers music for the single was produced by Mike Stock and Matt Aitken. "Go Green Ranger Go" was produced, arranged and engineered by Ron Wasserman, recorded at Saban Studios and mastered by Ric Wilson. The music coordinator was David Hillenbrand. All four songs were performed by Ron Wasserman (A.K.A. Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW).

This is a document about Mighty Morphin Power Rangers The Movie: Original Soundtrack Album
 1) The Power Rangers Orchestra – "Go Go Power Rangers" ; 2) Red Hot Chili Peppers – "Higher Ground" ; 3) Shampoo – "Trouble" ; 4) Devo – "Are You Ready?!" ; 5) Snap! – "The Power" produced by Snap! ; 6) Fun Tomas (featuring Carl Douglas) – "Kung Fu Dancing" ; 7) Van Halen – "Dreams" ; 8) Dan Hartman – "Free Ride" ; 9) They Might Be Giants – "SenSurround" ; 10) Power Jet – "Ayeyaiyai" (Alpha Song) ; 11) Graeme Revell – "Firebird" ; 12) Aaron Waters (The Mighty Raw) – "Cross My Line" (Bonus Track)

This is a document about Ron Wasserman
  Ronald Aaron Wasserman (born September 2, 1961), also known as Aaron Waters and The Mighty Raw, is an American musician who composed the original theme song for Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and numerous original songs he also recorded for the franchise. He is also a member of the band Fisher.

This is a document about Ron Wasserman
  While at Saban, Wasserman developed scores and co-wrote themes for several of their smaller series as well as the animated X-Men series, before he composed some of his most recognizable work, which was for the show Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. One day, he was presented with the first footage of the show, was told to use the word "Go", and to have it finished by the next day. After two and a half hours, the song that resulted was the show's theme song, "Go Go Power Rangers". Several of his most popular songs and scores were eventually released on a successful concept album entitled Mighty Morphin Power Rangers the Album: A Rock Adventure, which linked his music around a variation on the opening episodes of season two of the

This is a document about Go Go Power Rangers
  For the 1995 film adaptation Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie, a new arrangement of "Go Go Power Rangers" was recorded for the film's soundtrack. The song was performed by "The Power Rangers Orchestra": a collaboration that featured Mr. Big front man Eric Martin, Guitarist Tim Pierce, former Pablo Cruise bass player John Pierce, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and former Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum. A YouTube commenter claiming to have been an apprentice sound engineer for Rumbo Recorders also stated that guitarist Buckethead played on the track. This version of the song was featured in the 2017 Power Rangers film as well.

Ron Wasserman, also known as Aaron Waters, composed and performed the original Power Rangers theme song.


Question: who played the ghost of anakin skywalker in episode 6

Answer: Sebastian Shaw

This is a document about Hayden Christensen
 where he was inserted to replace Sebastian Shaw as the ghost of the redeemed Anakin Skywalker. This was one of the most controversial changes. Lucas wanted Anakin's inner person to return to who he was before he turned to the dark side. Christensen insisted this was done without his knowledge, an act that was confirmed by Lucasfilm itself in the featurette "Return of the Jedi: What has changed?" as seen on the official website to commemorate the 2006 DVDs. His performance in both "" and "" received generally mixed reviews by critics (earning him the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst

This is a document about Return of the Jedi
 spots, still galleries, and a demo for "". With the release of "Episode III: Revenge of the Sith", which depicts how and why Anakin Skywalker turned to the dark side of the Force, Lucas once again altered "Return of the Jedi" to bolster the relationship between the original trilogy and the prequel trilogy. The original and 1997 Special Edition versions of "Return of the Jedi" featured British theatre actor Sebastian Shaw playing both the dying Anakin Skywalker and his ghost. In the 2004 DVD, Shaw's portrayal of Anakin's ghost is replaced by Hayden Christensen, who portrayed Anakin in "" and

This is a document about Martin Shaw (composer)
 encouragement of community singing and raising standards of choral singing in small parish churches. In 1932 Shaw received the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Music. He was appointed an OBE in 1955 and was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Music (FRCM) in 1958. His nephew was the actor Sebastian Shaw, who played the unmasked Darth Vader and the ghost of Anakin Skywalker in "Return of the Jedi" (1983). His published works include over 100 songs (some of them for children), settings for soli, chorus and orchestra of Laurence Binyon's "Sursum Corda", Eleanor Farjeon's "The Ithacans", John Masefield's

This is a document about Changes in Star Wars re-releases
 Many changes met criticism and outrage from fans and critics, and many believed that Lucas degraded the original films with the additions. Most controversial is the decision to have Greedo shoot before Han Solo does, which sparked wide usage of the phrase "Han shot first". Other controversial changes include replacing the "Lapti Nek" performance by a puppet Sy Snootles with a longer "Jedi Rocks" performance by a CGI Snootles, having Darth Vader yell "No!" as he kills the Emperor, and replacing Sebastian Shaw as the Force ghost of Anakin Skywalker with Hayden Christensen, who was cast to play Anakin in

This is a document about Changes in Star Wars re-releases
 his eyebrows to reflect Anakin burning on Mustafar at the end of "". At the end of "Return of the Jedi", Darth Vader is redeemed by killing the Emperor to save Luke Skywalker's life, then dies of his injuries shortly after, and appears to Luke as Anakin Skywalker alongside the Force ghosts of Yoda and Obi-Wan Kenobi. In the 1983 theatrical release, Sebastian Shaw plays this Force ghost in addition to an unmasked Vader. Later, Hayden Christensen was cast as Anakin in the prequel trilogy films "Attack of the Clones" and "Revenge of the Sith". To reflect this, the 2004

This is a document about Hayden Christensen
  the Sith, Christensen asked Lucas if a special Vader suit could be constructed to fit his own body, rather than have a different actor don one of the original sets of Vader armour worn by David Prowse. Lucas agreed, and a suit was engineered to fit Christensen's frame, even including extensions to allow for the actor to attain Vader's 6 ft height. His voice as the "robotic" Vader, however, was dubbed over by James Earl Jones, who first made the voice famous in the original trilogy. Stock footage of Christensen was used in the 2004 DVD-release edition of Return of the Jedi, where he was inserted to replace Sebastian Shaw as the force ghost of the redeemed Anakin Skywalker. This was

This is a document about Changes in Star Wars re-releases
  At the end of the film, Darth Vader is redeemed by killing the Emperor to save Luke Skywalker's life, then dies of his injuries shortly after, and appears to Luke as Anakin Skywalker alongside the Force spirits of Yoda and Obi-Wan Kenobi. In the 1983 theatrical release, Sebastian Shaw plays this Force ghost in addition to an unmasked Vader. Hayden Christensen later played Anakin in the prequel trilogy films Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith. To reflect this, the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi replaced Shaw's appearance as the Force ghost with Christensen, which was considered controversial by some. Den of Geek rated it as the worst change to the original trilogy. The Digital Bits notes that the 2019 4K restoration made it more obvious where Anakin's head was replaced.

This is a document about List of Star Wars cast members
  Samuel L. Jackson (vocal cameo) rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="3" | Daisy Ridley ; Cailey Fleming Cailey Fleming style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Josefine Irrera Jackson colspan="6" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="3" | Adam Driver colspan="6" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="3" | John Boyega colspan="6" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="3" | Oscar Isaac rowspan="2" colspan="6" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="3" | Puppetry: colspan="3" | Voice consultants: colspan="3" | Voice consultants: ! rowspan="4" | Darth VaderAnakin Skywalker (voice) (vocal cameo) (archival audio) (vocal cameo) (fight double) (unmasked; force ghost in pre-2004 versions) Hayden Christensen (force ghost in post-2004 versions) (vocal cameo) ! Luke Skywalker ! Leia Organa !

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
  Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. The sequel to The Phantom Menace (1999) and Attack of the Clones (2002), It is the sixth film in the Star Wars film series, the final installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy, and third chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". It also serves as Lucas' most recent directorial effort to date. Revenge of the Sith is set three years after the onset of

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
  in The Empire Strikes Back, but Lucas ejected this scene as well. Another planned scene by Lucas that was written during the early development of the film was a conversation between Master Yoda and the ghostly Qui-Gon Jinn, with Liam Neeson reprising his role as Jinn (he also hinted his possible appearance in the film). However, the scene was never filmed and Neeson was never recorded, although the scene was present in the film's novelization. Neeson finally reprised the role in an episode of The Clone Wars in 2011. After principal photography was complete in 2003, Lucas made even more changes

This is a document about Return of the Jedi
  Return of the Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay is by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas from a story by Lucas, who was also the executive producer. The sequel to Star Wars (1977) and The Empire Strikes Back (1980), it is the third installment in the original Star Wars trilogy, the third film to be produced, and the sixth film in the "Skywalker saga". The film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz. Set one year after

This is a document about Star Wars Rebels
  the Ghost crew during the Imperial occupation of Lothal as part of Ryder Azadi's rebel cell. ; Dee Bradley Baker as ; Kassius Konstantine (season 1–3), a dismissive Imperial Navy admiral in charge of the Imperial blockade on Lothal and later assisting in the Empire's rebellion pursuit. ; Captain Rex (season 2–4), a former high-ranking Clone trooper, who served under Anakin Skywalker in the Clone Wars. He also voices Commander Wolffe and Captain Gregor. ; Ashley Eckstein as Ahsoka Tano (season 1–2, 4), the former Padawan of Anakin Skywalker, who aids the rebellion with pivotal assets. ; Stephen Stanton as ; Grand Moff Tarkin (season 1, 3–4), a ruthless Imperial officer who

This is a document about Star Wars Rebels
  Chopper and the Ghost appear in the 2016 film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. Hera's surname is called on a loudspeaker at the Rebel base on Yavin IV, where Chopper can briefly be seen. In addition, the Ghost takes part in the climactic battle over Scarif. The Ghost also appears in the 2019 film Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker during the final battle over Exegol. The voice of Freddie Prinze Jr. as Kanan Jarrus can also be heard in the film as one of the voices of Jedi past who provide Rey with encouragement to defeat Emperor Palpatine.

This is a document about Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker
  alien Resistance troopers, respectively. Actors making reprisal vocal cameos include: James Earl Jones as Darth Vader, Andy Serkis as Snoke, and the voices of several past Jedi, including Ewan McGregor and Alec Guinness as Obi-Wan Kenobi (the latter via digitally altered archive audio), Hayden Christensen as Anakin Skywalker, Ashley Eckstein as Ahsoka Tano, Freddie Prinze Jr. as Kanan Jarrus, Olivia d'Abo as Luminara Unduli, Frank Oz as Yoda, Liam Neeson as Qui-Gon Jinn, Jennifer Hale as Aayla Secura, Samuel L. Jackson as Mace Windu, and Angelique Perrin as Adi Gallia. Ed Sheeran, Karl Urban, Dhani Harrison, Nigel Godrich, J. D. Dillard, and Dave Hearn all cameo as stormtroopers.

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
  ; Alethea McGrath as Jocasta Nu: The librarian at the Jedi Temple who helps Obi-Wan gain information about Kamino.   E! reported that Lucas had asked NSYNC to film a small background cameo appearance, in order to satisfy his daughters. They were subsequently cut out of the film in post-production. The end credits erroneously list Alan Ruscoe as playing Neimoidian senator Lott Dod. The character was actually another Neimoidian, played by an uncredited David Healey and voiced by Christopher Truswell. Liam Neeson reprised his role as Qui-Gon Jinn from The Phantom Menace, who only appears as a disembodied voice heard by Anakin while slaughtering the Tusken Raiders.

This is a document about List of Star Wars cast members
 Alec Guinness ; Alec Guinness (archival footage) ; colspan="4" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; James Arnold Taylor David Prowse ; David Prowse (archival footage) ; rowspan="2" colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; colspan="2" | James Earl Jones (voice) ; Hayden Christensen (as Anakin) ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Mat Lucas Frankie Ryan Marnriquez (young) colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Mat Lucas Frankie Ryan Marnriquez (young) Frank Oz ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Tom Kane Samuel L. Jackson ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; TC Carson Silas Carson ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Daran Norris Ori Shoshan ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Grey DeLisle Liam Neeson ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Fred Tatasciore Zachariah Jensen Daniel Zizmor ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Richard McGonagle Mary Oyaya ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" | ; Cree Summer Nalini Krishan ; colspan="5" style="background:#d3d3d3;" |

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
  Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space-opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm, distributed by 20th Century Fox and starring Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Pernilla August, and Frank Oz. It is the fourth film in the Star Wars film series and first chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". Set 32 years before the original trilogy, during the era of the Galactic Republic, the plot follows Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi as they try to protect Queen Padmé Amidala of Naboo in hopes of securing a

This is a document about Padmé Amidala
  Reactions by critics to Portman's performances were mixed. James Berardinelli called her acting in The Phantom Menace "lackluster," while Annlee Ellingson of Box Office Magazine said "Portman's delivery is stiff and flat, perhaps hindered by the gorgeous but cumbersome costumes." In his review of Attack of the Clones, Mike Clark of USA Today complained about Portman and Hayden Christensen, who portrayed Anakin; he wrote, "Both speak in monotone for doubly deadly effect, though when not burdened by his co-star, Christensen often finds the emotion in his limited intonations." Ed Halter of The Village Voice, reviewing Revenge of the Sith, said that "computer-generated characters like wheezing cyborg baddie General Grievous and blippeting fireplug R2-D2" "emot[ed] more convincingly than either Natalie Portman

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
  actress still sought a role since she was a Star Wars fan. The casting was influenced by Knightley's remarkable similarity to Natalie Portman, with the actress admitting their mothers could not tell each other apart. Knightley was reported to have "cried every single day" due to finding the wardrobe uncomfortable. Vinette Robinson auditioned for the role of Padmé Amidala. Over 3,000 actors auditioned for the role of Anakin Skywalker including Cameron Finley, Justin Berfield and Michael Angarano. Benicio del Toro was originally cast as Darth Maul but later left the project when the character’s lines were cut. Michael Jackson expressed interest in playing Jar Jar Binks but he wanted to do it in prosthetic make

Sebastian Shaw played the ghost of Anakin Skywalker in "Return of the Jedi" (1983). However, in the 2004 DVD release, Hayden Christensen replaced Shaw's performance.


Question: who was the baby in breaking dawn part 2

Answer: Mackenzie Foy

This is a document about The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
 The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 2) is a 2012 American romantic drama fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel "Breaking Dawn" by Stephenie Meyer. Constituting the second of a two-part adaptation of the novel, the film is the fifth and final installment in "The Twilight Saga" film series, following 2011's "". All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprise their roles, with Mackenzie Foy portraying Renesmee Cullen. Alongside Pattinson, Lautner, Stewart and Foy,

This is a document about Breaking Dawn
 Dawn". The studio greenlit an adaptation of "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn" in April 2010. The film was split into two parts; the first part of the film was released on November 18, 2011, and the second part was released on November 16, 2012. Bill Condon directed both parts; Stephenie Meyer co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey. In July 2010, Summit announced that the film would be shot in Vancouver, Canada, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Maggie Grace plays the part of Irina in the film, while Mackenzie Foy plays Renesmee, Edward and Bella's half-vampire, half-human child.

This is a document about The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
 in February, Adam Howard was added to the "Breaking Dawn" visual effects team to help create the visual effects for Renesmee, due to his notable work on a similar issue in "The Social Network". Condon revealed that Mackenzie Foy's face and expressions will be placed digitally on the bodies of the other actresses playing the same character through her various stages of life. Condon spoke about the process saying, "Sometimes it was hard because the other actresses were actually just there. It was always going to be just Mackenzie's expressions and things like that, so it was a very specific

This is a document about List of Twilight characters
  Dawn, but before speaking with them, she sees Renesmee, mistakenly assumes she is an immortal child, and notifies the Volturi. After determining that Renesmee is not an immortal child, the Volturi destroy Irina in order to provoke her sisters into attacking them, thus giving them an excuse to destroy them along with the Cullens and their allies. In both parts of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn, the Denalis are portrayed by MyAnna Buring as Tanya, Christian Camargo as Eleazar, Maggie Grace as Irina, Mía Maestro as Carmen, Casey LaBow as Kate, and Lee Pace as Garrett. Sasha is portrayed by Andrea Powell.

This is a document about The Twilight Saga (film series)
  The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 was released on November 16, 2012. The second part of Breaking Dawn sees the climax of Bella and Edward's relationship. Bella must learn, as a newly transformed vampire, to use her special shield powers, as well as protect her half-human half-vampire daughter, Renesmee. The film also shows the final battle between The Cullens, along with vampires from the Denali Clan, and other vampire friends, as well as the wolves from the Quileute Tribe, against The Volturi.

This is a document about Breaking Dawn
  Breaking Dawn is divided into three parts. The first part details Bella's marriage and honeymoon with Edward, which they spend on Isle Esme, a private island off the coast of Brazil that Carlisle owns. Two weeks into their honeymoon, Bella realizes that she is pregnant. Because the fetus is part-vampire, her condition progresses at an unnaturally accelerated rate. Bella and Edward immediately return home to Forks, Washington, where the fetus continues to develop at an abnormal speed, causing Bella severe physical and emotional distress. The second part of the book is written from the perspective of Jacob Black, a Quileute Native American who, like other

This is a document about Edward Cullen
  Breaking Dawn sees Edward and Bella marry. Bella becomes pregnant on their honeymoon, and the rapid growth of the half-human, half-vampire fetus swiftly impacts on Bella's health. Edward tries to coerce her into having an abortion in order to save her own life. However, Bella feels a bond with her unborn child and insists on giving birth. Edward comes to feel love for the baby as well, after he hears its thoughts and learns that the baby loves Bella in return. Bella nearly dies giving birth in an emergency c-section, but Edward successfully delivers his daughter and then injects Bella's heart with his venom, healing her wounds by turning her into an immortal vampire. During Bella's painful transformation, Jacob imprints on their baby daughter, Renesmee. After a vampire named Irina mistakes Renesmee for an immortal vampire child—a creation forbidden in the vampire world—the Volturi arrive to destroy the Cullens. Edward stands with Bella and their allies to convince the Volturi that Renesmee is not an immortal child and poses no threat to their existence. Once the Volturi leave, Edward and Bella feel free to live their lives in peace with their daughter.

This is a document about Llanview
  through a skylight to his death. ; Baby Switch 2 (November 2008-June 2009) ; The storyline begins when Starr Manning finds herself pregnant with Cole Thornhart's baby. Jessica Brennan also became pregnant with the late Nash Brennan's baby. On November 6, Starr's water breaks and goes into labor. Meanwhile, Tess, Jessica's alter ego, plots revenge against her sister and boyfriend, Natalie Buchanan and Jared Banks. After planting a bomb on Natalie and Jared, Tess goes into premature labor. Starr gives birth to a girl, who she names Hope with the help of the baby's adoptive mother, Marcie McBain and Starr's mother, Blair Manning. With

This is a document about Charlie Pace
  Ethan comes to recapture her, Charlie kills the latter with a gun. When Claire goes into labour, Charlie, along with Jin-Soo Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim), helps Kate deliver the baby. When Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan) abducts the baby, named Aaron, Charlie and Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews) go to rescue him. Along the way, Charlie and Sayid stop by a Beechcraft carrying several Virgin Mary statues filled with heroin. That night, Charlie and Sayid manage to reclaim Aaron, and bring him safely back to Claire. In Season 2, Mr. Eko (Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje) reveals to Claire the contents of the Virgin Mary statue, creating a rift between

This is a document about Creature (2011 film)
  Niles following. Later, at dawn, Emily and Niles (who is holding the jaw of Lockjaw) emerge from the sink hole alive. They manage to make their way back to their truck and ride off into the rising sun. Some time later, Chopper arrives at the refurbished Grimley cabin, which is hopping with family and friends in a huge celebration. It is revealed that Beth had survived her ordeals with Lockjaw and now has a baby, who Chopper seems sure is going to "grow up to be as strong as his daddy". It is shown that the baby's face is somewhat mutated and the screen goes dark.

This is a document about The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
  praise from both fans and critics went towards the ending sequence, Michael Sheen's performance as the Volturi leader Aro and Lee Pace's performance as vampire Garrett. Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "The final installment of the immortal Bella/Edward romance will give its breathlessly awaiting international audience just what it wants". Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said, "Breaking Dawn: Part 2 starts off slow but gathers momentum, and that's because, with Bella and Edward united against the Volturi, the picture has a real threat". Sara Stewart of the New York Post wrote, "Finally, someone took the source material at its terribly

This is a document about The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
  In October 2010, Condon announced that Oscar-winning visual effects supervisor John Bruno, along with his team, would helm the visual effects for Breaking Dawn, including the effects necessary to show Renesmee in her various stages of life in Part 2. Later in February, Adam Howard was added to the Breaking Dawn visual effects team to help create the visual effects for Renesmee, due to his notable work on a similar issue in The Social Network. Condon revealed that Mackenzie Foy's face and expressions will be placed digitally on the bodies of the other actresses playing the same character through her various stages of life. Condon spoke

This is a document about Stephenie Meyer
  the second part on November 16, 2012. Part one of the film received mixed reviews. Part two of the film received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending, "sensational". Critics also praised the acting, particularly that of Stewart. The Twilight Saga was successful in the box office. With a combined budget of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide. Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized. Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy). The series

This is a document about List of Hollyoaks characters (2014)
  baby is placed in an incubator to help him breathe. Leela names the baby Daniel, after her father Danny. Cameron notices a bruise on the baby and verbally attacks the staff, believing them to be abusing Daniel but it transpires to be a Mongolian blue spot, which is common in mixed race babies. Leela then reveals to Cameron that Daniel is not his son. Cameron then gives Leela an ultimatum: him or Daniel. Leela subsequently chooses Daniel, so Cameron leaves. Weeks later, Cameron returns to the village and convinces Peri to lure Leela to the cabin, so that they

This is a document about List of Twilight characters
  Renesmee and the other Cullens, the Volturi travel to Forks. The Cullens gather witnesses from around the world to testify that they have seen her mature and grow, and so she is therefore not an immortal child. Alice brings another half-breed, 150-year-old Nahuel, who explains that half-breeds pose no danger to the vampires. Convinced that Renesmee is not a threat, the Volturi leave, and Renesmee and her family are left in peace. Mackenzie Foy plays Renesmee in the film adaptation of Breaking Dawn. Stephenie Meyer, when asked about whether or not Jacob could father children with Renesmee, responded: "That is a question I'm reserving the right not to answer, because there is a chance I'll go back to their story."

This is a document about List of Days of Our Lives characters (2020s)
  babies. In 2021, Raynor is revealed to be behind the abduction of Eli (Lamon Archey) Lani Grant's (Sal Stowers) newborn twins, Jules and Carver. As she absconds with the babies, Raynor runs into Bonnie Lockhart (Judi Evans). Raynor begrudgingly hands the twins over to Ivan Marais (Ivan G'Vera) as he threatened to turn her in for her involvement in the baby switch. Once he pays her for her services, Raynor warns Ivan that Jules and Carver's detective parents would be hot on their trail. She is later contacted by Xander who reveals that Bonnie identified her to the police who assumed he was involved due to their previous

This is a document about Good Omens (TV series)
  human baby with the Antichrist. After the convent burns down, she becomes manager of the business management centre established on the same site ; Doon Mackichan as Michael, an archangel ; Sam Taylor Buck as Adam Young, the reluctant Antichrist accidentally placed in the custody of the Young family ; Jon Hamm as Gabriel, the leader of the forces of Heaven. While Gabriel was only mentioned once in the original novel, his role was meant to be expanded in the never-finished sequel to Good Omens, so Gaiman incorporated parts of the planned sequel into the TV series's plot. In

This is a document about Cameron Bright
  You for Smoking, Ultraviolet, and the action-thriller named Running Scared. He starred in X-Men: The Last Stand, where he played the mutant Leech, who has the mutant antibody. He also appeared on an episode of The 4400 (episode: "The Wrath Of Graham") as a high school student named Graham Holt who develops an ability after injecting himself with Promicin. He has also played a host carrier for a cure for humanity in more than one movie. Bright plays the Volturi vampire Alec, twin brother to Jane who is played by Dakota Fanning, in the Twilight films New Moon (2009), Eclipse (2010), and Breaking Dawn, Part II (2012).

This is a document about Modern Family (season 3)
  adopted a Vietnamese baby, Lily (Aubrey Anderson-Emmons). The kids are only required to appear in 22 episodes. Near the end of the second season, there were rumors of the producers recasting the role of Lily, and changing her age from a baby to a toddler. In July 2011, a casting call for a "3- to 4-year-old daughter of Mitchell and Cameron" was put out by the producers. They eventually cast Aubrey Anderson-Emmons to replace Jayden and Ella Hiller. The season will also feature the developing of Lily's character. There is a possibility of Cameron and Mitchell adopting another baby

Renesmee Cullen, played by Mackenzie Foy, is the baby in Breaking Dawn Part 2.


Question: who has covered the first cut is the deepest

Answer: Rod Stewart ( 1977 )

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
 The First Cut Is the Deepest "The First Cut Is the Deepest" is a 1967 song written by Cat Stevens, originally released by P. P. Arnold in May 1967. Stevens' own version originally appeared on his album "New Masters" in December 1967. The song has been widely recorded and has become a hit single for five different artists: P. P. Arnold (1967), Keith Hampshire (1973), Rod Stewart (1977), Dawn Penn (1994), Papa Dee (1995) and Sheryl Crow (2003). Stevens made a demo recording of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" in 1965, but originally hoped to become a songwriter. He

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
  "The First Cut Is the Deepest" is a 1967 song written by British singer-songwriter Cat Stevens, originally released by P. P. Arnold in May 1967. Stevens' own version originally appeared on his album New Masters in December 1967. The song has been widely recorded and has become a hit single for six different artists: P. P. Arnold (1967), Keith Hampshire (1973), Rod Stewart (1977), Dawn Penn (1994), Papa Dee (1995) and Sheryl Crow (2003).

This is a document about Cat Stevens
  London, which gained him fans by playing his records. In August 1967, he went on the air with other recording artists who had benefited from the station to mourn its closure. His December 1967 album New Masters failed to chart in the United Kingdom. The album is now most notable for his song "The First Cut Is the Deepest", a song he sold for £30 to P. P. Arnold that became a massive hit for her and an international hit for Keith Hampshire, Rod Stewart, James Morrison, and Sheryl Crow. Forty years after he recorded the first demo of the song, it earned him back-to-back ASCAP "Songwriter of the Year" awards, in 2005 and 2006.

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
  Sheryl Crow's version of "The First Cut Is The Deepest" is the first single released from her 2003 compilation album The Very Best of Sheryl Crow. It became one of Crow's biggest radio hits, peaking at No. 14 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her first top 40 solo country hit following the success of her duet with Kid Rock, "Picture". The song stayed on the Hot 100 for 36 weeks and became a gold seller, also reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary and Adult Top 40 charts. Internationally, the song was a top-twenty success in Hungary, Ireland and New Zealand.

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
  Stevens made a demo recording of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" in 1965, while hoping to become a songwriter. He wrote the song earlier to promote his songs to other artists, but did not record it as his own performance until early October 1967 with guitarist Big Jim Sullivan, and it did not appear until his second album, New Masters, was released in December 1967. He sold the song for £30 to P. P. Arnold, and it became a huge hit for her. Over decades, it also became an international hit for Keith Hampshire, Rod Stewart, and Sheryl Crow. The song has won Stevens songwriting awards, including two consecutive ASCAP songwriting awards for "Songwriter of the Year" in 2005 and 2006.

This is a document about The Koobas
  year played with The Who at the Savile Theatre and performed alongside Jimi Hendrix in Switzerland. By 1967, the band had started to change its sound from R&B-rooted beat to psychedelia, and began writing their own material. In 1968 they cut a version of the Cat Stevens-penned "The First Cut Is the Deepest", but were overshadowed by P.P. Arnold's version, which hit the UK Singles chart Top 20. Near the end of 1968, the group splintered just as EMI-Columbia prepped their self-titled first LP, released early in 1969. The Koobas never made it into the official sales chart but

This is a document about Rod Stewart
  to go platinum. By explicitly marking the album as having a "fast side" and a "slow side", Stewart continued the trend started by Atlantic Crossing. "The First Cut Is the Deepest", a cover of a Cat Stevens song, went number one in the UK in 1977, and top 30 in the US. "The Killing of Georgie (Part 1 and 2)", about the murder of a gay man, was also a Top 40 hit for Stewart during 1977. Foot Loose & Fancy Free (1977) featured Stewart's own band, the original Rod Stewart Group that featured Carmine Appice, Phil Chen, Jim Cregan, Billy Peek, Gary Grainger and John Jarvis. It continued Stewart's run

This is a document about The Deepest Cut Vol 1
  The Deepest Cut Vol 1 is the first full-length album by Robert Haigh recorded under his Omni Trio moniker, released in 1995 through the Moving Shadow label. The album was released in the United States under the title Music For The New Millennium with different artwork the same year. The Japanese Avex Trax edition of the album, titled The Deepest Cut, also included unique artwork as well as a bonus 3" CD with 4 extra tracks not included on the UK or US releases. In 1998, Moving Shadow reissued the album on CD format with a slightly different track listing that includes the bonus track "Torn".

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
  The Sheryl Crow music video for "The First Cut Is the Deepest" was directed by Wayne Isham with art direction by Andrew Elias. Filmed in southern Utah, the video features Sheryl in a rocky desert singing with her guitar, riding horses and interacting in a cowboy environment. Sheryl's single was nominated for a Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the Grammy Awards, losing to "Sunrise" by Norah Jones.

This is a document about New Masters
  The label was disappointed by Cat Stevens' second album's poor sales, given that the previous album made the UK Top Ten and produced several hit singles. New Masters generated little interest, failing to chart in either the UK or the United States. The single "Kitty"/"Blackness of the Night" languished at number 47, becoming Stevens' first single to miss the top 40. This was a sudden and steep commercial decline from the considerable success that Stevens enjoyed with his earlier recordings. "The First Cut Is the Deepest" has been covered successfully by several artists. Prior to the release of New Masters, Stevens had sold the song for £30 to P. P. Arnold (formerly of the Ike and Tina Turner Revue) which gave the former Ikette her first UK hit. In the decades to come it would also be a hit for Rod Stewart, Sheryl Crow, James Morrison and Keith Hampshire. Hampshire's version reached no. 1 on the Canadian charts in 1973. Other versions have been rendered by singer Barbara Jones, Colm Wilkinson of Les Misérables and Jesus Christ Superstar fame, Duffy and the Jools Holland Rhythm & Blues Orchestra.

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest
  Swedish rap, ragga and dancehall musician Papa Dee recorded a reggae cover of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" in 1995. It remains his most commercially successful track and was a big hit in Europe. The single peaked at No. 5 in Sweden, No. 9 in Denmark and Norway, No. 20 in Austria, and No. 38 in Iceland.

This is a document about Crazy Horse (band)
  three times and score a hit with it on the same number of occasions, most notably as a UK No. 1 double A-side in 1977 with Cat Stevens's "The First Cut Is the Deepest." In 1988, the song would become a Top Ten hit in the UK again, this time a No. 3 for Everything but the Girl. Two songs from the album were covered by Scottish hard rock band Nazareth: Lofgren's "Beggar's Day" appeared on Hair of the Dog (1975), while Nitzsche's "Gone Dead Train" is the second track on Expect No Mercy (1977). Following the commercial failure of Crazy Horse, Lofgren and Nitzsche

This is a document about The Very Best of Sheryl Crow
 style="width:35px; text-align:center;"|2005 || "The First Cut Is the Deepest" || Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|| Nominated style="width:35px; text-align:center;"|2005 || "The First Cut Is the Deepest" || Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|| Nominated Grammys

This is a document about American Top 20
  Ann Womack ; 2002: "Hero", Enrique Iglesias ; 2003: "The Game of Love", Santana featuring Michelle Branch ; 2004: "The First Cut Is the Deepest", Sheryl Crow ; 2005: "Breakaway", Kelly Clarkson ; 2006: "You're Beautiful", James Blunt ; 2007: "Waiting on the World to Change", John Mayer ; 2008: "Bubbly", Colbie Caillat Just as he had done on his pop countdown shows, Kasem presided over a countdown of the biggest hits of the year for his adult contemporary audiences. Two countdowns per year aired. Initially, both shows ended the year with a two part, two week Top 60. Beginning

This is a document about The First Cut Is the Deepest (album)
  The First Cut Is the Deepest is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Michie Mee, released in 2000 on Koch Records. The single "Don't Wanna Be Your Slave", featuring Esthero, was nominated for Best Rap Recording at the 2000 Juno Awards.

This is a document about P. P. Arnold
  and the Georgie Fame Brass Section), as well as Chris Farlowe's version of the Motown standard "Reach Out (I'll Be There)" (with Albert Lee on guitar and Carl Palmer on drums). Her first backing band, the Blue Jays, had been inherited from American soul singer Ronnie Jones and included former Bluesbreakers guitarist Roger Dean. This was followed by the Nice, whose line-up was Keith Emerson on organ, who had just quit the VIPs (later to be known as Spooky Tooth), David O'List on guitar, Lee Jackson on bass and Ian Hague on drums. During this period she scored several hits, including the original version of Cat Stevens' song "The First Cut Is the

This is a document about P. P. Arnold
  Arnold joined forces with Chaz Jankel, former pianist with Ian Dury and the Blockheads. This was followed by an invitation to tour widely with Roger Waters. She was a backup vocalist on his 1999–2002 tour In the Flesh (also on the CD and DVD of the same name), as well as the 2006–2008 tour, Dark Side of the Moon Live. Her version of "The First Cut Is the Deepest" was featured in the soundtrack of the 2012 movie Seven Psychopaths. In 2001 Arnold released her full Immediate Records discography on the album The First Cut (The Immediate Anthology). It includes her famous albums The First Lady of Immediate and Kafunta in addition to several singles. A chance encounter at a party led to Blow Monkeys frontman Dr Robert on their 2007 album Five in the

This is a document about Sheryl Crow
  greatest hits compilation called The Very Best of Sheryl Crow was released. It featured many of her hit singles, as well as some new tracks. Among them was the 1960s pop song, "The First Cut Is the Deepest" by Cat Stevens, which became her biggest radio hit since "All I Wanna Do". She also released the single "Light in Your Eyes", which received limited airplay. "The First Cut Is the Deepest" earned her two American Music Awards for Best Pop/Rock Artist and Adult Contemporary Artist of the Year, respectively. In 2004, Crow appeared as a musical theater performer in the Cole Porter biographical film De-Lovely.

This is a document about Women & Songs 8
 1) The First Cut Is the Deepest (Cat Stevens) [3:45] ; 2) *(performed by Sheryl Crow) ; 3) Stupid (Sarah McLachlan) [3:22] ; 4) *(performed by Sarah McLachlan) ; 5) Breathe (Brandon Armstrong/Andrew Dwiggins/Ryan Jordan/Douglas Randall/Marc Wanninger) [3:14] ; 6) *(performed by Melissa Etheridge) ; 7) Summer Sunshine (Andrea Corr/Caroline Corr/James Corr/Sharon Corr) [2:52] ; 8) *(performed by The Corrs) ; 9) Try (Gerald Eaton/Nelly Furtado/Brian West) [4:38] ; 10) *(performed by Nelly Furtado) ; 11) 8th World Wonder (Kyle Jacobs/Joel Parkes/Shaun Shakel) [3:58] ; 12) *(performed by Kimberley Locke) ; 13) Helpless (Neil Young) [4:13] ; 14) *(performed by k.d. lang) ; 15) What Am I

Five different artists have covered "The First Cut Is the Deepest": P.P. Arnold, Keith Hampshire, Rod Stewart, Papa Dee, and Dawn Penn.