Question: when was alice in chains jar of flies released

Answer: January 25 , 1994

This is a document about Jar of Flies
 Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the "Billboard" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4 million copies worldwide, making "Jar of Flies" one of the band's most successful releases. In Japan, the EP is titled

This is a document about Alice in Chains
 four guys getting together in the studio and making some music." Columbia Records released Alice in Chains' second acoustic-based EP, "Jar of Flies", on January 25, 1994. Written and recorded in one week, "Jar of Flies" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200, becoming the first EP—and first Alice in Chains release—to top the charts. Paul Evans of "Rolling Stone" called the EP "darkly gorgeous", and Steve Huey said, "'Jar of Flies' is a low-key stunner, achingly gorgeous and harrowingly sorrowful all at once". "Jar of Flies" features Alice in Chains' first number-one single on the Mainstream Rock charts,

This is a document about Jar of Flies
 for a public release, Columbia Records released "Jar of Flies" on January 25, 1994. "Jar of Flies" entered the "Billboard" 200 at number one; the sales that prompted this was over 141,000 during the first week of its release thus becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release to top the charts. It was the only EP ever to gain this distinction until 2004, when a mashup EP by Jay-Z and Linkin Park titled "Collision Course" also achieved the number one spot ten years later and Bad Meets Evil's in 2011. "Jar of Flies" has since been

This is a document about Jar of Flies
 In May 2014, the EP was placed at number five on Loudwire's "10 Best Hard Rock Albums of 1994" list. Jar of Flies Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. It is the first EP in music history to debut at number one on the "Billboard" 200 Chart with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The EP was well received by critics and has since been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA and has gone on to sell 4

This is a document about Extended play
 Key of Life" in 1976. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was less standardization and EPs were made on seven-inch (18 cm), 10-inch (25 cm) or 12-inch (30 cm) discs running either 33 or 45 rpm. Some novelty EPs used odd shapes and colors, and a few of them were picture discs. Alice in Chains was the first band to ever have an EP reach number one on the "Billboard" album chart. Its EP, "Jar of Flies", was released on January 25, 1994. In 2004, Linkin Park and Jay-Z's collaboration EP, "Collision Course", was the next to reach the number

This is a document about Alice in Chains
  Following Alice in Chains' extensive 1993 world tour, Staley said the band "just wanted to go into the studio for a few days with our acoustic guitars and see what happened." "We never really planned on the music we made at that time to be released. But the record label heard it and they really liked it. For us, it was just the experience of four guys getting together in the studio and making some music." Columbia Records released Alice in Chains' second acoustic-based EP, Jar of Flies, on January 25, 1994. Written and recorded in one week, Jar of Flies debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first EP—and first Alice in Chains release—to top the charts. Paul Evans of Rolling Stone called the EP "darkly gorgeous", and

This is a document about Alice in Chains discography
  first Alice in Chains release—and the first EP in history—to debut at number one. In 1995, the band released a self-titled album, which debuted at the top of the Billboard 200, and has since been awarded—along with Facelift—double Platinum status while Jar of Flies maintains Quadruple Platinum status. Alice in Chains entered a hiatus after not touring since the release of Dirt. From 1996 to 2002, the band was mostly inactive, releasing two live albums, including the successful Unplugged, and three compilations. On April 19, 2002, Staley was found dead in his home after overdosing on heroin and cocaine, causing the group to break up. In 2005, the band

This is a document about Jar of Flies
  Jar of Flies is the third studio EP by the American rock band Alice in Chains, released on January 25, 1994, through Columbia Records. This is Alice in Chains' second acoustic EP, preceded by 1992's Sap, and it is the first EP in music history to debut at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart, with the first week sales exceeding 141,000 copies in the United States. The self-produced EP was written and recorded over the course of just one week at the London Bridge Studio in Seattle. The tracks "No Excuses", "I Stay Away" and "Don't Follow" were released as singles to promote the album. Jar of Flies was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1995: Best Recording Package and Best Hard Rock Performance for "I Stay Away". The EP was well received by critics and has been certified triple-platinum by the RIAA, selling 4 million copies worldwide, making Jar of Flies one of the band's most successful releases. In Canada, Jar of Flies was certified double-platinum for the sale of 200,000 copies. In Great Britain, the album was certified silver after selling 60,000 copies.

This is a document about Alice in Chains discography
  Platinum status. The band toured in support of the album for two years before releasing the acoustic EP Sap in early 1992. In September 1992, Alice in Chains released Dirt. The critically acclaimed album, also the band's most successful, debuted at number six on the Billboard 200, and was certified quadruple Platinum. The band did not tour in support of Dirt for very long, due to Staley's drug addiction. While touring, Starr left the band due to personal reasons and was replaced by Mike Inez. 1994 saw the release of Alice in Chains' second acoustic EP, Jar of Flies. It entered the charts in the top slot, making it

This is a document about Jar of Flies
  double EP including Jar of Flies and Sap. The album entered the Billboard 200 chart at number one; the sales that prompted this was over 141,000 during the first week of its release thus becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release to top the charts. It was the only EP ever to gain this distinction until 2004, when the Collision Course mashup EP by Jay-Z and Linkin Park also achieved the number one spot ten years later, and Bad Meets Evil's EP Hell: The Sequel in 2011. Jar of Flies has since been certified triple platinum, with over 2,037,853 copies sold during its first year and another million more copies after two years. Paul Evans of Rolling Stone called the EP "darkly gorgeous", and Steve Huey stated "Jar of Flies is a low-key stunner, achingly gorgeous and harrowingly sorrowful all at once."

This is a document about Layne Staley
  in fan and media communities, in part due to changes in his physical condition brought on by prolonged heroin abuse.  Alice in Chains regrouped to record Alice in Chains, sometimes referred to as "Tripod", which was released in November 1995. The album debuted at the top of the U.S. charts, and has since been awarded—along with Facelift and Jar of Flies—double platinum status. With the exceptions of "Grind", "Heaven Beside You", and "Over Now", the lyrics were all written by Staley, making this album his greatest lyrical contribution to the band's catalogue. To accompany the album, the band released a home video, The Nona Tapes, but

This is a document about Mike Inez
  By January 1993 Inez had moved on to his next project. Alice in Chains bassist Mike Starr had left the group after the release of their album Dirt and Inez replaced him. Inez toured throughout 1993 with Alice in Chains on the strength of the Dirt album. The group also participated in the 1993 Lollapalooza Tour. Alice in Chains' Jar of Flies EP was released in 1994 with Inez on bass. Jar of Flies debuted at #1 on album sales charts, the first EP ever to do so. Inez recorded with the band for their eponymous 1995 release Alice in Chains, which also debuted at #1. In 1996, Alice in Chains recorded their MTV Unplugged special, the first live performance the group had played together in three years. After their last live performance on July 3, 1996, Alice in Chains went on hiatus. Then in August 1998 Alice in Chains returned to the studio to release the songs "Get Born Again" and "Died". In 1999 the band went on hiatus once again, when rumors of vocalist Layne Staley's drug abuse arose. Alice in Chains officially disbanded on April 20, 2002 after the news of the death of Staley.

This is a document about Alice in Chains
  Huey said, "'Jar of Flies' is a low-key stunner, achingly gorgeous and harrowingly sorrowful all at once." Jar of Flies features Alice in Chains' first number-one single on the Mainstream Rock charts, "No Excuses". The second single, "I Stay Away", reached number ten on the Mainstream rock charts, while the final single "Don't Follow", reached number 25. Jar of Flies has been certified triple platinum by the RIAA, with over 2 million copies sold in the United States during its first year. Jar of Flies received two Grammy nominations, Best Hard Rock Performance for "I Stay Away", and Best Recording Package. After the release of Jar of Flies, Staley entered rehab for heroin addiction. The band was scheduled to tour during the summer of 1994 with Metallica, Suicidal Tendencies, Danzig, and Fight,

This is a document about Layne Staley
  1994, Alice in Chains released their second EP, Jar of Flies. It debuted at number one, making it the first Alice in Chains release—and the first-ever EP—to do so. The other members of Alice in Chains, seeing Staley's deteriorating condition, opted not to tour in support of Jar of Flies. Following the album's release, Staley entered a rehabilitation clinic and began to work on a side project with several Seattle musicians, Mike McCready of Pearl Jam, Barrett Martin of Screaming Trees and John Baker Saunders of The Walkabouts. The band worked on material for several months and played their first show at the Crocodile Cafe in

This is a document about Jerry Cantrell
  with his younger brother, David. Cantrell also played bass on the last track, "Love Song". Their second full-length album, Dirt, was released in September 1992 to critical acclaim and was certified quadruple platinum. The album's lead single, "Would?", was written by Cantrell as a tribute to his late friend Andrew Wood. The song was also featured on the soundtrack to Cameron Crowe's 1992 film Singles. The album's fourth single, "Rooster", was a tribute to Cantrell's father. Alice in Chains' second acoustic EP, Jar of Flies, debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1994, becoming the first ever EP and first Alice in Chains release

This is a document about Alice in Chains
  to sing lead vocals on the 1992 acoustic EP Sap, and his role continued to grow in the following albums, making Alice in Chains a two-vocal band. Alice in Chains rose to international fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s, along with other Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden. They achieved success during the era with the albums Facelift (1990), Dirt (1992), Alice in Chains (1995), as well as the EP Jar of Flies (1994). Although never officially disbanding, Alice in Chains was plagued by extended inactivity from 1996 onward, due to Staley's substance abuse, which resulted in his death in 2002. The band regrouped in 2006, with DuVall taking over as lead

This is a document about Alice in Chains discography
  with new vocalist William DuVall. On April 25, 2009, it was announced that Alice in Chains had signed to Virgin/EMI making it the band's first label change in their 20-plus year career. Black Gives Way to Blue, the group's first album with DuVall, was released on September 29, 2009. In 2011, Alice in Chains began work on their fifth studio album, The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here, which was released on May 28, 2013. Alice in Chains' sixth studio album, Rainier Fog, was released on August 24, 2018. As of 2019, Alice in Chains has had 18 Top 10 songs and five No. 1 hits on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart.

This is a document about Linkin Park
  worldwide. The collaborative EP Collision Course with Jay-Z became the second ever EP to top the Billboard 200, going on to sell over 300,000 copies in its first week after Alice in Chains' Jar of Flies in 1994. The album Minutes to Midnight, in the United States, had the biggest first week sales of 2007 at the time, with 625,000 albums sold. In Canada, the album sold over 50,000 copies in its first week and debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart. Worldwide, the album shipped over 3.3 million copies in its first four weeks of release. The New York Times Jon Caramanica commented Linkin Park

This is a document about Grind (song)
 Tracks 1 and 2 originally released on Alice in Chains ; Track 3 originally released on Jar of Flies ; Track 4 originally released on Facelift

Jar of Flies by Alice in Chains was released on January 25, 1994.


Question: who wrote i can see clearly now song

Answer: Johnny Nash

This is a document about I Can See Clearly Now
 the premiere episode of British Motoring show, "The Grand Tour," causing the song to reach the number 1 position on the iTunes's Top 40 UK Rock Song chart in late 2016. I Can See Clearly Now "I Can See Clearly Now" is a song originally recorded by Johnny Nash. It was a single from the album of the same name and achieved success in the United States and the United Kingdom when it was released in 1972, reaching number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It was covered by many artists throughout the years, including a 1993 hit version

This is a document about I Can See Clearly Now
 I Can See Clearly Now "I Can See Clearly Now" is a song originally recorded by Johnny Nash. It was a single from the album of the same name and achieved success in the United States and the United Kingdom when it was released in 1972, reaching number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It was covered by many artists throughout the years, including a 1993 hit version by Jimmy Cliff, who re-recorded the song for the motion picture soundtrack of "Cool Runnings," where it reached the top 20 at No. 18 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. After Nash

This is a document about Nights in White Satin
 the United States the single hit number two – for two weeks – on the "Billboard" Hot 100 (behind "I Can See Clearly Now" by Johnny Nash) and hit number one on the "Cash Box" Top 100. It earned a gold certification for sales of over a million U.S. copies. It also hit number one in Canada. Band member Justin Hayward wrote and composed the song at age 19 in Swindon, and titled the song after a girlfriend gave him a gift of satin bedsheets. The song itself was a tale of a yearning love from afar, which leads many

This is a document about I'd Love You to Want Me
 I'd Love You to Want Me "I'd Love You to Want Me" is the title of a popular song from 1972 by Lobo (the stage name of Roland Kent LaVoie). He wrote the song, which appears on his album "Of a Simple Man". Released as a single in the fall of 1972, "I'd Love You to Want Me" was the singer's highest charting hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, where it spent two weeks at number two in November of that year. It was kept from the top spot by Johnny Nash's hit song, "I Can See Clearly Now".

This is a document about Guava Jelly (song)
 to several other singers after its initial release in 1971. Jamaican singer Owen Gray recorded "Guava Jelly" but added his own "modern reggae" touch to it. He released it as a promotional single in 1974 through Island Records with B-side track "Please Don't Let Me Go", which he wrote and produced himself. Flautist Herbie Mann's 1975 album "Discothèque" featured an instrumental version of "Guava Jelly". American singer-songwriter Johnny Nash created a cover of "Guava Jelly" for his eleventh studio album, "I Can See Clearly Now" (1972). It was first used as the B-side to his previous single, "There Are More

This is a document about Stir It Up
 Stir It Up "Stir It Up" is a song composed by Bob Marley in 1967 and first recorded by his group The Wailers that year and issued as a single. The song was later covered by American singer Johnny Nash on his 1972 album "I Can See Clearly Now" album. The next year, Marley and the Wailers then re-recorded the song for their album "Catch a Fire". The Wailers performed the song on "The Old Grey Whistle Test" in 1973 during their first trip to the UK. "Stir It Up" was Marley's first successful song outside Jamaica. Another song written

This is a document about John Bundrick
 member of the Texas group, Blackwell, who had a hit single in 1969 entitled "Wonderful". In 1971, Bundrick recorded and wrote five tracks for the album "Kossoff Kirke Tetsu Rabbit" with guitarist Paul Kossoff, drummer Simon Kirke and bassist Tetsu Yamauchi. Bundrick toured and recorded with Texan vocalist Johnny Nash. Bundrick played on Nash's hit single and album "I Can See Clearly Now" (1972). He met Bob Marley while in Sweden, while working on the soundtrack to the Swedish film "Vill så gärna tro". Marley, Bundrick, and Johnny Nash became roommates there during the stay. Sometime after their return to

This is a document about Stir It Up
 out to Tony Cohen. The song was included in the soundtrack to the 1993 film "Cool Runnings" as track 3 on the soundtrack album. The film version was performed by Jamaican singer-songwriter Diana King. Other covers include Stir It Up "Stir It Up" is a song composed by Bob Marley in 1967 and first recorded by his group The Wailers that year and issued as a single. The song was later covered by American singer Johnny Nash on his 1972 album "I Can See Clearly Now" album. The next year, Marley and the Wailers then re-recorded the song for their

This is a document about Take a Giant Step
 Take a Giant Step Take a Giant Step is a 1959 coming-of-age drama film directed by Philip Leacock. The plot concerns a black teenager living in a predominantly white environment and having trouble coping as he reaches an age at which the realities of racism are beginning to affect his life more directly and pointedly than they had in his childhood. Adapted from the Broadway play by Louis S. Peterson, the film stars Johnny Nash - who would ultimately become more well known for his singing career, including the hit song "I Can See Clearly Now" - as the lead

This is a document about 1973 (song)
 Four Tops; "Here We Go Again," popularised in 1967 by Ray Charles and re-popularized as a duet with Norah Jones upon the 2005 posthumous release of Charles' masterwork album, "Genius Loves Company", and; "I Can See Clearly Now", written and recorded by Johnny Nash, a song which spent November at the No. 1 spot of the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1972. The single was released on three physical formats. CD1 features a brand new track, "Dear Katie", which was written by Blunt's long-time keyboardist Paul Beard. Beard also provides backing vocals for the song. CD2 includes a live version of

This is a document about Billie Davies
 Stadsschouwburg Brugge, she directed and choreographed a group of 5 performers and co-performed in Sunshiny Days, which was inspired by writer Johnny Nash’s song "I Can See Clearly Now" and the music of Gladys Knight and the Pips. The audience demanded an encore. With DJing becoming such a huge part of our culture by the time she reached 18, Billie had started presenting professionally in the entertainment industry in Bruges where she specifically remembers the "Saaihalle", which now seems to be The Frietmuseum, where she enjoyed her first DJ adventures, "Le Carrousel", that since has transformed into a hotel, where

This is a document about The Mighty Hercules
 song sung by singer Johnny Nash, the American reggae singer-songwriter best known for 1956's "A Very Special Love" and 1972's "I Can See Clearly Now". The theme's lyrics were written by Winston Sharples's son Winston Sharples, Jr. under the pseudonym "Win Singleton" (his first and middle names). The voice actress for all the female voices is Helene Nickerson. The theme song was covered in 2009 by Canadian jazz musician John Stetch on his album "TV Trio". In 2005, the series was re-issued to television in a newly remastered version and was reformatted, and in the process, replacing the familiar theme

This is a document about Reggae
 reggae in the UK until bought by Saga records in 1974. Reggae's influence bubbled to the top of the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 charts in late 1972. First Three Dog Night hit #1 in September with a cover of the Maytones' version of "Black and White". Then Johnny Nash was at #1 for four weeks in November with "I Can See Clearly Now". Paul Simon's single "Mother And Child Reunion" - a track which he recorded in Kingston, Jamaica with Jimmy Cliff's backing group - was ranked by Billboard as the No. 57 song of 1972. In 1973, the film

This is a document about Hothouse Flowers
 released in June 1990. It was recorded sporadically during extensive touring; with sessions in Dublin, London, a rented house with a mobile recording set-up in Carlow, Ireland, and one day of work with Daniel Lanois in New Orleans, while Bob Dylan was taking a break from his sessions with Lanois. The album did not have the overwhelming success of the first record, but it did reach No. 1 in Australia in 1991. "Give It Up" and "I Can See Clearly Now" (a cover version of the Johnny Nash song) from the album reached No. 30 and 23 respectively in the

This is a document about Guava Jelly (song)
 referring to a specific type of sexual lubricant. It was favorably viewed by several reviewers, with many of them finding the composition to be sexual and about love. The group placed "Guava Jelly" on several compilation albums, including "" in 2005, and Owen Gray and Herbie Mann created their own versions in 1974 and 1975, respectively. American artists Johnny Nash and Barbra Streisand also recorded covers of "Guava Jelly" and released them as commercial singles in 1972 and 1974, respectively. Nash's version was featured on his eleventh studio album, "I Can See Clearly Now" (1972), and was distributed in the

This is a document about Jimmy Cliff
 a campaign anthem by the Sandinista National Liberation Front in the 1990 election in Nicaragua. In 1991, he performed at the second Rock in Rio festival in Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He continued to sell well in Jamaica and, to a lesser extent, the UK, returning to the mainstream pop charts in the U.S. and elsewhere (#1 in France) with a version of Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" on the "Cool Runnings" film soundtrack in 1993. In 1995, Cliff released the single "Hakuna Matata", a collaboration with Lebo M, a song from the soundtrack

This is a document about Guava Jelly (song)
 of singles, titled "Stir It Up"; the record was released exclusively by Hallmark Recordings. Other albums that feature his version of "Guava Jelly" include "The Reggae Collection" (1993), "The Best of Johnny Nash" (1996), "Superhits" (2004), and "Collections" (2006). The Trojan Records compiled "This Is Reggae Music: The Golden Era 1960-1975" and released it on 26 October 2004; three songs by Nash were included: "Guava Jelly" on disc three, and "I Can See Clearly Now" and "Stir It Up" on disc four. American vocalist Barbra Streisand recorded her own version of "Guava Jelly" for her sixteenth studio album, "ButterFly" (1974).

This is a document about Fabulous Five Inc
 singers across Jamaica. They backed Johnny Nash on the reggae cuts comprising most of his 1972 platinum album "I Can See Clearly Now." Their first recording was "Come Back And Stay", which was a number one song in Jamaica. During their first three years on the road, they won the Swing Awards for best band. Fab 5 have enjoyed a succession of hits in Jamaica and the markets of North America. Their multi‑award-winning soca album "Yu Safe" was the most-popular album produced in Jamaica in the 1980s. Their soca smash "Shape" is very popular and the band's versatility is expressed

This is a document about Caribbean music in the United Kingdom
 Paul McCartney bought Jamaican-imported singles, but this was not obvious in The Beatles' repertoire until "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" on the "White Album". There was a gentle reggae beat in some of his later solo singles, such as "Another Day" and "Silly Love Songs". He also named one of his Christmas song covers "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reggae". Other pop hits include "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies (number 1 in 1969) and "I Can See Clearly Now" by Johnny Nash (number 5 in 1972). Also in the mid-1970s, art rockers 10cc released a few reggae-styled singles, including "Dreadlock Holiday". Ska/reggae artist Judge Dread

Johnny Nash wrote the original version of "I Can See Clearly Now" in 1972. However, the version that reached number one on the UK iTunes Rock Chart in 2016 was a cover by Jimmy Cliff.


Question: who published the first map that showed the new world as separate from asia

Answer: Waldseemüller

This is a document about Waldseemüller map
 set eyes on this ocean, the Pacific, are recorded as Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513. That is five to six years after Waldseemüller made his map. In addition, the map apparently predicts the width of South America at certain latitudes to within 70 miles. However, as pointed out by E.G. Ravenstein, this is an illusory effect of the cordiform projection used by Waldseemüller, for when the map is laid out on a more familiar equirectangular projection and compared with others of the period also set out on that same projection there is little difference between them: this is particularly

This is a document about Continent
 Maps of this time though, still showed North America connected to Asia and showed South America as a separate land. In 1507 Martin Waldseemüller published a world map, "Universalis Cosmographia", which was the first to show North and South America as separate from Asia and surrounded by water. A small inset map above the main map explicitly showed for the first time the Americas being east of Asia and separated from Asia by an ocean, as opposed to just placing the Americas on the left end of the map and Asia on the right end. In the accompanying book "Cosmographiae

This is a document about Waldseemüller map
 Indies. Thus, in the view of Whitfield, Waldseemüller reasoned that the newly discovered lands could not be part of Asia, but must be separate from it, a leap of intuition that was later proved uncannily precise. An alternative explanation is that of George E. Nunn (see below). "Mundus Novus", a book attributed to Vespucci (who had himself explored the extensive eastern coast of South America), was widely published throughout Europe after 1504, including by Waldseemüller's group in 1507. It had first introduced to Europeans the idea that this was a new continent and "not" Asia. It is theorized that this

This is a document about Christopher Columbus
 was made in 1492 just before Columbus's return to Europe. As such it contains no sign of the Americas and yet demonstrates the common belief in a spherical Earth. The scholar Amerigo Vespucci, who sailed to America in the years following Columbus's first voyage, was the first to speculate that the land was not part of Asia but in fact constituted some wholly new continent previously unknown to Eurasians. His travel journals, published 1502–04, convinced German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller to reach the same conclusion, and in 1507—a year after Columbus's death—Waldseemüller published a world map calling the new continent "America"

This is a document about Waldseemüller map
 other Spanish navigators' discoveries across the Western Ocean, which Columbus and his followers considered to be part of India Superior. On his 1516 world map, the "Carta Marina," Waldseemüller identified the land he had called "Parias" on his 1507 map as "Terra de Cuba" and said it was part of Asia ("Asie partis"), that is, he explicitly idendified the land discovered by Columbus as the eastern part of Asia. Besides "Universalis Cosmographia", Waldseemüller published a set of gores for constructing globes. The gores, also containing the inscription "America", are believed to have been printed in the same year as the

This is a document about Contarini–Rosselli map
 information on these maps was closely guarded. These maps were commissioned by the Portuguese and Spanish governments, which wanted to create trade monopolies over the regions they depicted. The royal powers worried that leaked information about geography could make it easier for other nations to challenge their supremacy. Often a limited number of copies was made, to be held under lock and key. This situation changed drastically from 1506 to 1507 when three separate efforts to produce world maps were published. The Contarini-Rosselli map of 1506 (now in the British Library) and Martin Waldseemüller's map of the world and globe

This is a document about Alfred Hudd
 Christopher Columbus had explored were not part of Asia, but rather a New World. America first received its name in the "Cosmographiae Introductio", published by cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in 1507. Vespucci's published letters (the authenticity of which is contested) were the inspiration for that work, which was authored by a group of scholars in Saint-Dié, Lorraine, France. They revised Ptolemy's "Geography" to include the New World and reasoned that, as the three previously known continents, Europe, Asia, and Africa, had feminine names, so should the New World. Accordingly, the feminised version of the Latin form of the baptismal name of

This is a document about Names for United States citizens
 to refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples

This is a document about Waldseemüller map
 The Caribbean and what appears to be Florida were depicted on two earlier charts, the Cantino map, smuggled from Portugal to Italy in 1502 showing details known in 1500, and the Caverio map, drawn circa 1503–1504 and showing the Gulf of Mexico. While some maps after 1500 show, with ambiguity, an eastern coastline for Asia distinct from the Americas, the Waldseemüller map apparently indicates the existence of a new ocean between the trans-Atlantic regions of the Spanish discoveries and the Asia of Ptolemy and Marco Polo as exhibited on the 1492 Behaim globe. The first historical records of Europeans to

This is a document about Waldseemüller map
 lands discovered under the Spanish crown are simply described by Waldseemüller as "Terra Incognita" (Unknown Land) or "Terra Ulterior Incognita" (Unknown Land Beyond), with a conjectural sea to the west, making these lands apparently a distinct continent. "America's" (that is, South America's) status as a separate island or a part of Asia, specifically, the peninsula of India Superior upon which Cattigara was situated, is left unresolved. As the question of which of the two alternative concepts was correct had not been resolved at the time, both were represented on the same map. Both extremities of the map represent the eastern

This is a document about Continent
  a separate land.  In 1507 Martin Waldseemüller published a world map, Universalis Cosmographia, which was the first to show North and South America as separate from Asia and surrounded by water. A small inset map above the main map explicitly showed for the first time the Americas being east of Asia and separated from Asia by an ocean, as opposed to just placing the Americas on the left end of the map and Asia on the right end. In the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio, Waldseemüller noted that the earth is divided into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the fourth part, which he named "America" after Amerigo Vespucci's first name. On the map, the word "America" was placed on part of South America.

This is a document about New World
  same map famously labels simply "America". However, Martin Waldseemüller's map of 1516 retreats considerably from his earlier map and back to classical authority, with the Asian land mass merging into North America (which he now calls Terra de Cuba Asie partis), and quietly drops the "America" label from South America, calling it merely Terra incognita. The western coast of the New World—the Pacific Ocean—was only discovered in 1513 by Vasco Núñez de Balboa. It was a few more years before another Portuguese—Ferdinand Magellan's voyage of 1519–22—determined that the Pacific definitely formed a single large body of water that separated Asia from the Americas. It

This is a document about Origin theories of Christopher Columbus
  ; In 1507 Martin Waldseemüller published a world map, Universalis Cosmographia, which was the first to show North and South America as separate from Asia and surrounded by water. Below the island of Hispaniola, near the coast of Paria (Central America) he inserted the words: "Iste insule per Columbum genuensem almirantem ex ma[n]dato regis Castelle invent[a]e sunt" or "these islands have been discovered by the Genoese admiral Columbus by order of the king of Castile." ; Witnesses in the 1511 and 1532 hearings in the Pleitos agreed that Columbus was from the Ligur. Another witness at the same hearing placed it more precisely, testifying, "I

This is a document about Strait of Anián
  The source of this idea is unknown. The Martin Waldseemüller map of 1506 or 1507 shows America and Asia separated. A 1562 map by Paolo Forlani shows Asia and North America joined north of about the latitude of San Diego. The strait probably took its name from Ania, a Chinese province mentioned in a 1559 edition of Marco Polo's book. The name probably first appeared on a map issued by the Italian cartographer Giacomo Gastaldi in 1562. It appeared on maps by Abraham Ortelius (1564), Bolognini Zaltieri (1567) and Gerardus Mercator (1567). The Zaltieri and Gastaldi maps show it narrow and crooked. Gastaldi and Ortelius have an "Ania" or "Anian"

This is a document about Martin Waldseemüller
  new Geography as a separate appendix, Claudii Ptolemaei Supplementem. This supplement constitutes the first modern atlas. Maps of Lorraine and the upper Rhine region were the first printed maps of those regions and were probably based on survey work done by Waldseemüller himself. The world map published in the 1513 Geography seems to indicate that Waldseemüller had second thoughts about the name and the nature of the lands discovered in the western Atlantic. The New World was no longer clearly shown as a continent separate from Asia, and the name America had been replaced with Terra Incognita (Unknown Land). What caused him to make these changes is not clear, but perhaps he was influenced by contemporary criticism that Vespucci had usurped Columbus's primacy of discovery.

This is a document about New World
  The term "New World" (Mundus Novus) was coined by Amerigo Vespucci, in a letter written to his friend and former patron Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici in the Spring of 1503, and published (in Latin) in 1503–04 under the title Mundus Novus. Vespucci's letter contains arguably the first explicit articulation in print of the hypothesis that the lands discovered by European navigators to the west were not the edges of Asia, as asserted by Columbus, but rather an entirely different continent, a "New World". According to Mundus Novus, Vespucci realized that he was in a "New World" on 17 August 1501 as he arrived in Brazil and compared the nature and people

This is a document about Contarini–Rosselli map
  The Contarini–Rosselli map of 1506 was the first printed world map showing the New World. The Contarini–Rosselli map was designed by Giovanni Matteo Contarini and engraved by Francesco Rosselli. It is a copper-engraved map and was published in Venice or Florence in 1506. The only surviving copy is in the British Library.

This is a document about New World
  maps place the island of Japan near Cuba and leave the South American continent—Vespucci's "New World" proper—detached and floating below by itself. The Waldseemüller map of 1507, which accompanied the famous Cosmographiae Introductio volume (which includes reprints of Vespucci's letters) comes closest to modernity by placing a completely open sea (with no stretching land fingers) between Asia on the eastern side and the New World (being represented two times in the same map in a different way: with and without a sea passage in the middle of what is now named Central America) on the western side—which (on what is now named South America)

This is a document about History of geography
  expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the "Old" and "New World"s producing the Columbian Exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases and culture between the continents. These colonialist endeavours in 16th and 17th centuries revived a desire for both "accurate" geographic detail, and more solid theoretical foundations. The Geographia Generalis by Bernhardus Varenius and Gerardus Mercator's world map are prime examples of the new breed of scientific geography. The Waldseemüller map Universalis Cosmographia, created by German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in April 1507, is the first map of the Americas in which the name "America" is mentioned. Before this, the Native Americans referred to their land depending

This is a document about Johannes Ruysch
  Ruysch's 1507 map of the world was included in the 1507 and 1508 southern editions of Ptolemy's Geographia, an atlas published in Rome. The editor of the 1507 edition of the Geographia was Evangelista Tosinus and the printer was Bernardinus Venetus de Vitalibus. The Ruysch map uses Ptolemy's first projection, a coniform projection, as does the Contarini-Rosselli map. Both document Christopher Columbus' discoveries as well as the discoveries of John Cabot, as well as including information from Portuguese sources and Marco Polo's account of his travels. There are notes on his map that clearly were from Portuguese sources. Newfoundland is shown connected to Asia in the Ruysch map,

Martin Waldseemüller published the first map that showed the New World as separate from Asia in 1507.


Question: when did sherlock holmes began working as a detective

Answer: after university

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
 is a government official. Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy. He lacks Sherlock's interest in physical investigation, however, preferring to spend his time at the Diogenes Club. Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students. A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession, and he spent several years after university as a consultant before financial difficulties led him to accept John H.

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
  Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a "consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science, and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard. First appearing in print in 1887's A Study in Scarlet, the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine, beginning with "A Scandal in Bohemia" in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling four novels and

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
  Holmes's clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy aristocrats and industrialists, to impoverished pawnbrokers and governesses. He is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with Scotland Yard. However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raises Holmes's profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police that, Watson writes, by 1887 "Europe was ringing with his name" and by 1895 Holmes has "an immense practice". Police outside London

This is a document about History of crime fiction
  In 1887, Scotsman Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930) gave fresh impetus to the emerging form of the detective story by creating Sherlock Holmes, resident at 221B Baker Street, London—probably the most famous of fictional detectives and the first one to have clients, to be hired to solve a case. Holmes's art of detection consists in logical deduction based on minute details that escape everyone else's notice, and the careful and systematic elimination of all clues that in the course of his investigation turn out to lead nowhere. Conan Doyle also introduced Dr. John H. Watson, a physician who acts as Holmes's assistant and who also shares Holmes's flat in Baker Street. In the words of William L De Andrea,

This is a document about Dr. Watson
  fever and was sent back to England on the troopship HMS Orontes following his recovery. With his health ruined, he was then given a daily pension of 11 shillings and 6 pence for nine months. In 1881, Watson is introduced by his friend Stamford to Holmes, who is looking for someone to share rent at a flat in 221B Baker Street. Concluding that they are compatible, they subsequently move into the flat. When Watson notices multiple eccentric guests frequenting the flat, Holmes reveals that he is a "consulting detective" and that the guests are his clients. Watson witnesses Holmes' skills of deduction on their first case

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
  The first two Sherlock Holmes stories, the novels A Study in Scarlet (1887) and The Sign of the Four (1890), were moderately well received, but Holmes first became very popular early in 1891 when the first six short stories featuring the character were published in The Strand Magazine. Holmes became widely known in Britain and America. The character was so well known that in 1893 when Arthur Conan Doyle killed Holmes in the short story "The Final Problem", the strongly negative response from readers was unlike any previous public reaction to a fictional event. The Strand reportedly lost more than 20,000 subscribers as a result of Holmes's death. Public pressure eventually contributed to Conan Doyle writing another Holmes story in 1901

This is a document about William Gillette
  After a copyright performance in England, Sherlock Holmes debuted on October 23, 1899, at the Star Theatre in Buffalo, followed by appearances in Rochester and Syracuse, New York and in Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Sherlock Holmes made its Broadway debut at the Garrick Theater on November 6, 1899, performing until June 16, 1900. It was an instant success. Gillette applied all his dazzling special effects over the massive audience. The company also toured nationally along the western United States from October 8, 1900, until March 30, 1901. This was bolstered by another company with Cuyler Hastings touring through minor cities and Australia. After a pre-debut week in Liverpool, the

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened
  On September 6, 1894, Sherlock Holmes stares out of his window, bored that he has no case to solve that is worthy of his talents. He learns that a young Maori manservant, who works for Captain Stenwick, has mysteriously disappeared. Holmes quickly deduces not only that the boy has been kidnapped, but also that two men – one significantly larger than the other – were responsible. A few leads point to the docks by the Thames, and there, Holmes and Watson learn that similar kidnappings of foreigners have occurred. Further investigation leads them to an abandoned subterranean temple, where they discover a bloody and tortured corpse upon a sacrificial altar. They also find

This is a document about The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
  The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, first published on 14 October 1892. It contains the earliest short stories featuring the consulting detective Sherlock Holmes, which had been published in twelve monthly issues of The Strand Magazine from July 1891 to June 1892. The stories are collected in the same sequence, which is not supported by any fictional chronology. The only characters common to all twelve are Holmes and Dr. Watson and all are related in first-person narrative from Watson's point of view. In general the stories in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes identify, and try to correct, social

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
   The first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind Professor James Moriarty in "The Final Problem" (published 1893, but set in 1891), as Conan Doyle felt that "my literary energies should not be directed too much into one channel." However, the reaction of the public surprised Doyle very much. Distressed readers wrote anguished letters to The Strand Magazine, which suffered a terrible blow when 20,000 people cancelled their subscriptions to the magazine in protest. Conan Doyle himself received many protest letters, and one lady even began her letter with "You brute". Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes's death that they wore black armbands in mourning, though there is no known contemporary source for this; the

This is a document about A Scandal in Bohemia
  On 20 March 1888, Dr. Watson is visiting Sherlock Holmes when a masked gentleman arrives at 221B Baker Street. Initially introducing himself as Count von Kramm, he reveals himself as Wilhelm Gottsreich Sigismond von Ormstein, Grand Duke of Cassel-Felstein and hereditary King of Bohemia, after Holmes deduces his true identity. The King explains that, five years earlier, he engaged in a secret relationship with American opera singer Irene Adler, who has since retired and now lives in London. He is set to marry a young Scandinavian princess but worries that her strictly principled family will call the marriage off should they learn of this impropriety. The King further explains that

This is a document about British literature
  considered the first detective novel in the English language, and soon after Sir Arthur Conan Doyle began his Sherlock Holmes series about a London-based "consulting detective". Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories featuring Holmes, from 1880 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914.  H. G. Wells's (1866–1946) writing career began in the 1890s with science fiction novels like The War of the Worlds (1898) which describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians, and Wells is, along with Frenchman Jules Verne (1828–1905), as a major figure in the development of the science fiction genre. The history of the modern fantasy genre is generally said to begin with George MacDonald, the influential

This is a document about Gordon Holmes (suffragette)
  In 1903, 19-year-old Holmes landed her first job, as a business secretary – though she was fired within two weeks for being "incompetent". She quickly found a new job earning £1 per week as a typist in the newly opened London offices of Odense Aegforretning, a Danish firm exporting eggs to the UK. Her boss was Mr Ravens, "a quiet Danish gentleman – hard as steel under his exterior," whom Holmes called her, "first and lifelong business friend." Over the following eight years she developed a number of new business skills, but Ravens never paid her more than £2 per week. In

This is a document about Detective fiction
  in 1863, introducing Hawkshaw the Detective. In short, it is difficult to establish who was the first to write the English-language detective novel, as various authors were exploring the theme simultaneously. Anna Katharine Green, in her 1878 debut The Leavenworth Case and other works, popularized the genre among middle-class readers and helped to shape the genre into its classic form as well as developed the concept of the series detective. In 1887, Arthur Conan Doyle created Sherlock Holmes, arguably the most famous of all fictional detectives. Although Sherlock Holmes is not the original fictional detective (he was influenced by Poe's Dupin and Gaboriau's Lecoq), his name has become

This is a document about The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
  Arthur Conan Doyle began writing while studying medicine at university in the late 1870s, and had his first short story, "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley", published in September 1879. Eight years later his first Sherlock Holmes story, the novel A Study in Scarlet, was published by Ward Lock & Co. It was well received, but Doyle was paid little for it; after a sequel novel, The Sign of the Four, was published in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, he shifted his focus to short stories. Soon after The Strand Magazine was inaugurated in January 1891, its editor Herbert Greenhough Smith received two submissions to the new monthly from Doyle. Later he described his reaction: "I at once realised that here was the greatest short story writer since Edgar Allan Poe." The first of them, "A Scandal in Bohemia",

This is a document about Baker Street Irregulars
  to find. The group appears in the first Sherlock Holmes story, the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887), which is set in 1881. When Watson meets the group, he describes them as "half a dozen of the dirtiest and most ragged street Arabs that ever I clapped eyes on". Holmes introduces them as "the Baker Street division of the detective police force". The group enters 221B Baker Street together, but since they upset Holmes's landlady (who is unnamed in this story but later named Mrs. Hudson), Holmes tells them that in future, only their leader Wiggins should report to him. He pays them each a shilling to track down a

This is a document about A Study in Scarlet
  In 1881, Doctor John Watson has returned to London after serving in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. He is looking for a place to live, and an old friend tells him that Sherlock Holmes is looking for someone to split the rent at a flat at 221B Baker Street but cautions Watson about Holmes's eccentricities. Holmes and Watson meet, and after assessing each other and the rooms, they move in. Holmes reveals that he is a "consulting detective" and that his frequent guests are clients. After a demonstration of Holmes's deductive skills, Watson's disbelief turns into astonishment. A telegram requests a consultation in a murder case. Watson accompanies Holmes to

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
  8) Knowledge of Sensational Literature – Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century. ; 9) Plays the violin well. ; 10) Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman. ; 11) Has a good practical knowledge of British law." Shortly after meeting Holmes in the first story, A Study in Scarlet (generally assumed to be 1881, though the exact date is not given), Watson assesses the detective's abilities: "# Knowledge of Literature – nil. Subsequent stories reveal that Watson's early assessment was incomplete in places and inaccurate in others, due to the passage

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes Baffled
  Gillette's play Sherlock Holmes had made its Broadway debut at the Garrick Theater on November 6, 1899. Michael Pointer's report on the rediscovery of Sherlock Holmes Baffled in 1968 stated "it is an early trick film clearly made for viewing on a mutoscope or peepshow machine. Although a tiny, trivial piece, it is historic as being the earliest known use of Sherlock Holmes in moving pictures." By extension of being the first Sherlock Holmes story, the inclusion of the character also makes it the first known example of a detective film. It has been posited that Sherlock Holmes has become the most prolific screen character in the history of cinema.

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes
  short stories. All but one are set in the Victorian or Edwardian eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer Dr. John H. Watson, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of 221B Baker Street, London, where many of the stories begin. Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known. By the 1990s there were already over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions and publications featuring the detective, and Guinness World Records lists him as the most portrayed literary human character

Sherlock Holmes began working as a detective after he graduated from university and spent several years as a consulting detective. The exact year is not specified in the provided text, but it is mentioned that he had been working as a consulting detective for several years before meeting Dr. Watson in 1881.


Question: who played the mohawk guy in road warrior

Answer: Vernon George Wells

This is a document about Vernon Wells (actor)
 Vernon Wells (actor) Vernon George Wells (born 31 December 1945) is an Australian actor. He began appearing on Australian television shows in the mid-1970s, such as "Homicide" and "Matlock Police" and "All The Rivers Run". He is best known to international audiences for his role of Wez in the 1981 science fiction action film "" and Bennett in the military action film "Commando". After "Mad Max 2", Wells began appearing in Hollywood films, such as "Weird Science" (1985) and the science fiction comedy "Innerspace" (1987). In the 2000s, Wells acted in the television series "Power Rangers Time Force" portraying the

This is a document about Road warrior (computing)
  The term Road Warrior has been credited to the 1981 movie Mad Max 2 sub-titled "Road Warrior" starring Mel Gibson. Its harsh road life in a post-apocalyptic world was used to symbolize the hardship of modern business travel. The 2009 movie "Up in the Air" starred George Clooney as a person who fully lives the Road Warrior life to the extreme.

This is a document about Mad Max 2
  "Mel Gibson's Max could just as easily be Clint Eastwood's tight-lipped Man With No Name" helping "decent frightened folk" from the "marauding Redskins". Christopher John reviewed Road Warrior in Ares Magazine #13 and commented that "Its taut scripting, exceptional performances, and pulse-pounding pacing, which leaves an audience breathless, combined to make it one of the best SF films of the year. It also has the courage to show what the face of death really looks like. Mel Gibson's portrayal of Max is hard, bitter and realistic; he is neither hero nor coward, but a man caught up in a mad future which he confronts unafraid."

This is a document about Mad Max 2
  vision of the post-nuclear-holocaust world seemed quite as desolate and as brutal, or as action-packed and sometimes as funny as in George Miller's apocalyptic The Road Warrior, an extravagant film fantasy that looks like a sadomasochistic comic book come to life". In his review for Newsweek, Charles Michener praised Mel Gibson's "easy, unswaggering masculinity", saying that "[his] hint of Down Under humor may be quintessentially Australian but is also the stuff of an international male star". Gary Arnold, in his review for The Washington Post, wrote, "While he seems to let triumph slip out of his grasp, Miller is still a prodigious talent, capable of a

This is a document about G.I. Joe: Retaliation
 Dwayne Johnson as Marvin F. Hinton / Roadblock: A heavy machine gunner and second in command turned team Captain of the G.I. Joe. ; Bruce Willis as General Joe Colton: A retired General and the founder and leader of the G.I. Joe. ; Channing Tatum as Conrad S. Hauser / Duke: The G.I. Joe's team Captain. ; Jonathan Pryce as Zartan / President of the United States: A disguise expert of Cobra who kidnap and replaces the President in the last film. ; Arnold Vosloo as Zartan ; Lee Byung-hun as Thomas Arashikage / Storm Shadow: A member of Cobra and Snake

This is a document about Gerber Mark II
 The Mark II gained additional fame when it was used by Mel Gibson in his role of Max Rockatansky in the film of 1981, The Road Warrior. ; The black coated blade model of the Mark II was used during the mess hall knife play scene in the science fiction film Aliens. ; The film Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) features the Winter Soldier using a Mark II in a fight with Captain America. ; During a scene in Man of Steel (2013), Colonel Nathan Hardy (portrayed by actor Christopher Meloni) uses a Mark II in an attempt to fight the Kryptonian lieutenant Faora Hu-Ul, before Superman intervenes. ; Casey Ryback (Steven Seagal) uses a Mark II throughout the film Under Siege (1992) most notably during the finale against William Strannix (Tommy Lee Jones)

This is a document about David Carradine
  David Carradine (born John Arthur Carradine Jr.; December 8, 1936 – June 3, 2009) was an American actor best known for playing martial arts roles. He is perhaps best known as the star of the 1970s television series Kung Fu, playing Kwai Chang Caine, a peace-loving Shaolin monk traveling through the American Old West. He also portrayed the title character of both of the Kill Bill films. He appeared in two Martin Scorsese films: Boxcar Bertha and Mean Streets. David Carradine was a member of the Carradine family of actors that began with his father, John Carradine. The elder Carradine's acting career, which included major and minor roles on stage, television, and in cinema, spanned more than four decades. A prolific "B" movie actor, David Carradine appeared in more than 100 feature films in a career spanning more than six decades. He received nominations

This is a document about William Lucking
  The Vicksburg, Michigan native has played tough bikers in Hell's Belles (1969) and Wild Rovers (1971), craggy cowboys in The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972) and The Return of a Man Called Horse (1976), and determined military and police officers in Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze (1975) and K-PAX (2001). His other film work includes appearances in Oklahoma Crude (1973), The Crazy World of Julius Vrooder (1974), 10 (1979), The French Atlantic Affair (1979), Captain America II: Death Too Soon (1979), The Ninth Configuration (1980), The Mountain Men (1980), Coast to Coast (1980), Stripes (1981), Ladykillers (1988), False Identity (1990), Extreme Justice (1993), The River Wild (1994), The Limey (1999), Erin Brockovich (2000), Red Dragon (2002), The Rundown (2003), The World's Fastest Indian

This is a document about Peter Breck
 Thunder Road (1958) - Stacey Gouge (uncredited) ; The Beatniks (1958, released in 1960) - Mooney ; I Want to Live! (1958) - Ben Miranda (uncredited) ; The Wild and the Innocent (1959) - Chip ; Portrait of a Mobster (1961) - Frank Brennan ; Lad, A Dog (1962) - Stephen Tremayne ; Hootenanny Hoot (1963) - Ted Grover ; The Crawling Hand (1963) - Steve Curan ; Shock Corridor (1963) - Johnny Barrett ; The Virginian, episode "Rope of Lies" (1964) - Jess Carver ; The Glory Guys (1965) - Lt. Bunny Hodges ; Benji (1974) - Dr. Chapman ; The Incredible Hulk (1980) - Hull ; The Dukes of Hazzard (1981)- J.J. Sunday ; The Sword and the Sorcerer (1982) - King Leonidas ; Terminal City Ricochet (1990) - Ross Glimore ; Highway 61 (1991) - Mr. Watson ; The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter (1992) - Sheriff Hatch ; Decoy (1995) - Wellington ; Lulu (1996) ; Enemy Action (1999) - Gen. Turner ; Jiminy Glick in Lalawood (2004) - Tibor

This is a document about Mel Gibson
  Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson (born January 3, 1956) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for his action hero roles, particularly his breakout role as Max Rockatansky in the first three films of the post-apocalyptic action series Mad Max and as Martin Riggs in the buddy cop film series Lethal Weapon. Born in Peekskill, New York, Gibson moved with his parents to Sydney, Australia, when he was 12 years old. He studied acting at the National Institute of Dramatic Art, where he starred opposite Judy Davis in a production of Romeo and Juliet. During the 1980s, he founded Icon Entertainment, a production

This is a document about Roadblock (G.I. Joe)
  Roadblock is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline, comic books and animated series. He is the G.I. Joe Team's Heavy Machine Gunner and debuted in 1984. Roadblock is one of the most prominent African-Americans in the series. He is portrayed by Dwayne Johnson in the 2013 film G.I. Joe: Retaliation.

This is a document about The Edge (1997 film)
 Anthony Hopkins as Charles Morse ; Alec Baldwin as Bob Green ; Harold Perrineau as Steve ; Elle Macpherson as Mickey Morse ; L.Q. Jones as Styles ; Kathleen Wilhoite as Ginny ; David Lindstedt as James ; Mark Kiely as The Mechanic ; Eli Gabay as Jet Pilot ; Larry Musser as Amphibian Pilot ; Gordon Tootoosis as Jack Hawk ; Kelsa Kinsly as Reporter ; Bart the Bear as The Kodiak Bear

This is a document about 13th Satellite Awards
 Leonardo DiCaprio – Revolutionary Road ; Frank Langella – Frost/Nixon ; Sean Penn – Milk ; Mickey Rourke – The Wrestler ; Mark Ruffalo – What Doesn't Kill You Richard Jenkins – The Visitor

This is a document about Legacy and influence of Mad Max in popular culture
  The Road Warriors, a professional wrestling tag team, were inspired by the film's villains; their name is taken from the second film's subtitle. ; Episode 8 ("Mad Tony: The Food Warrior") of season 2 of Anthony Bourdain's television series A Cook's Tour is set in Australia and features a Road Warrior theme. The final shot mimics the departing scene from the movie, with Bourdain standing in for Gibson. ; In episode 16, season 5 of the TV series Cheers, Frasier Crane is detained after becoming involved in an altercation at a hockey game. Later, when describing the events to the bar patrons, he says "the next thing I know

This is a document about Cliff DeYoung
 Pilgrimage (1972) - Garry ; Harry and Tonto (1974) - Burt Jr. ; Blue Collar (1978) - John Burrows ; Shock Treatment (1981) - Brad Majors / Farley Flavors ; Independence Day (1983) - Les Morgan ; The Hunger (1983) - Tom Haver ; Reckless (1984) - Phil Barton ; Protocol (1984) - Hilley ; Secret Admirer (1985) - George Ryan ; F/X (1986) - Lipton ; Flight of the Navigator (1986) - Bill Freeman ; The Survivalist (1987) - Dr. Vincent Ryan ; Pulse (1988) - Bill ; Forbidden Sun (1988) - Professor Lake ; In Dangerous Company (1988) - Blake ; Fear (1988) - Don Haden ; Rude Awakening (1989) - Agent Brubaker ; Glory (1989) - Col. James M. Montgomery ; Flashback (1990) - Sheriff Hightower

This is a document about Kazuki Yao
 Gridlock'd, Alexander "Stretch" Rawland (Tim Roth) ; Kung Fu Hustle, Brother Sum (Danny Chan Kwok-kwan) ; Lost Boys: The Tribe, Edgar Frog (Corey Feldman) ; Snatch, Franky Four-Fingers (Benicio del Toro) ; That Thing You Do!, Lenny Haise (Steve Zahn)

This is a document about Road Warrior Hawk
  Mohawks and started wearing studded dog collars, leather chaps, and face paint. The look and name was taken from Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, helping to paint the two as no-mercy monsters. Their interview style was vicious, yet charismatic and a bit humorous. Hawk was known for often beginning his promos with his trademark yell of "Wellllllllllllll!..." and ending with his catch phrase of "Oooooooooh, what a ruuuuuuuuuuuush!" The team was an instant hit, revolutionizing the tag-team scene with their power moves, no mercy attitudes, and innovative face paint that would spawn many future imitators in wrestling. In Georgia they won the NWA National Tag Team Championship four times before moving on to bigger promotions such as the American Wrestling Association in the US and All Japan Pro Wrestling in Japan, winning tag-team titles wherever they went.

This is a document about Giulio Panicali
  to Singapore ; Jeff Peters in Road to Morocco ; Harry Turner in The Road to Hong Kong ; Bill Wainwright in Little Boy Lost ; Jim Pearson in Welcome Stranger ; Bob Wallace in White Christmas ; Duke Johnson / Junior Hooton in Road to Utopia ; Scat Sweeney in Road to Rio ; Joe Mulqueen in Top o' the Morning ; Mark Brandon in Valley of the Kings ; Charles Gilson in The Last Hunt ; Billy the Kid in Billy the Kid ; Steve Sinclair in Saddle the Wind ; Johnny Eager in Johnny Eager ; Christopher Kelvaney in Rogue

This is a document about Don McKellar
  McKellar was a founding member of Toronto's Augusta Company, along with his future wife Tracy Wright and Daniel Brooks. McKellar made his first screen appearance in 1989 in Bruce McDonald's film Roadkill, for which he also wrote the screenplay. McKellar's work on Roadkill earned him Genie Award nominations for best supporting actor and best screenwriter, attracting the attention of many in Canada. Roadkill also won the Toronto-Citytv Award for best Canadian feature. McKellar collaborated again with McDonald for his 1991 film Highway 61, writing the screenplay and playing the starring role as the barber Pokey Jones. Again McKellar's work solicited wide praise, earning

This is a document about Kazuhiro Yamaji
  (2000 TV Tokyo edition) (Messala (Stephen Boyd)) ; The BFG (The BFG (Mark Rylance)) ; The Big Lebowski (VHS/DVD edition) (Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski (Jeff Bridges)) ; Black Hawk Down (2004 TV Tokyo edition) (SFC Norm "Hoot" Gibson (Eric Bana)) ; Blade (2001 TV Tokyo edition) (Deacon Frost (Stephen Dorff)) ; The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (Connor McManus (Sean Patrick Flanery)) ; Captain America: The First Avenger (Johann Schmidt/Red Skull (Hugo Weaving)) ; Cats (Growltiger (Ray Winstone)) ; Cats & Dogs (Mister Tinkles (Sean Hayes)) ; Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (Ray Carter (Robert Patrick)) ; The Chronicles

Vernon Wells played the role of Wez in "The Road Warrior," who is described as a Mohawk warrior in the film.


Question: when did japan go to war with russia

Answer: 8 February 1904

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
 major naval base by the Russian Imperial Army. Since it needed to control the sea in order to fight a war on the Asian mainland, Japan's first military objective was to neutralize the Russian fleet at Port Arthur. On the night of 8 February 1904, the Japanese fleet under Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō opened the war with a surprise torpedo boat destroyer attack on the Russian ships at Port Arthur. The attack heavily damaged the "Tsesarevich" and "Retvizan", the heaviest battleships in Russia's far Eastern theater, and the 6,600 ton cruiser "Pallada". These attacks developed into the Battle of Port Arthur

This is a document about Russian Far East
 issued a declaration of war on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian Government, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the Russian Far East Fleet at Port Arthur. Eight days later Russia declared war on Japan. The war ended in September 1905 with a Japanese victory following the fall of Port Arthur and the failed Russian invasion of Japan through the Korean Peninsula and Northeast China; also, Japan had threatened to invade Primorsky Krai via Korea. The Treaty of Portsmouth was later signed and both Japan and Russia agreed to evacuate Manchuria

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
 on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian government, the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the Russian Far East Fleet at Port Arthur. Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack. He could not believe that Japan would commit an act of war without a formal declaration, and had been assured by his ministers that the Japanese would not fight. When the attack came, according to Cecil Spring Rice, first secretary at the British Embassy, it left the Tsar "almost incredulous". Russia declared war on Japan eight days later. Japan,

This is a document about Japan–Russia relations
  Japan–Russia relations (Российско-японские отношения, Rossiysko-yaponskiye otnosheniya; 日露関係史, Nichiro kankeishi) or Japanese–Russian relations refers to the bilateral international relations between Japan and the Russian Federation. Relations between Russia and Japan are the continuation of the relationship of Japan with the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991, and with the Russian Empire from 1855 to 1917. Historically, the two countries had cordial relations until a clash of territorial ambitions in the Manchuria region of northeastern China led to the Russo–Japanese War in 1904, ending in a Japanese victory which contributed to the weakening of the monarchy in Russia. Japan would later intervene in the Russian Civil War from 1918 until 1922, sending troops to the Russian Far East and Siberia. That was followed by border

This is a document about Japanese military currency (1894–1918)
   Russo-Japanese War military bonds (日露戦争軍票) were produced beforehand in 1903 (year 36 of Meiji) in anticipation of an upcoming war. During this time negotiations commenced between Japan and Russia regarding Russian troops in Manchuria. Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded the establishment of a neutral buffer zone between Russia and Japan in Korea north of the 39th parallel. Japan officially issued a declaration of war on February 8, 1904 and attacked the Russian Far East Fleet at Port Arthur. Russo-Japanese

This is a document about Hibiya incendiary incident
  The Japanese Empire and the Russian Empire fought the Russo-Japanese War from February 1904 to September 1905 after decades of growing tensions over competing imperialist interests in Northeast Asia. Although the Imperial Japanese Navy had decisively defeated the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima, and the Imperial Japanese Army had taken Port Arthur and had won a major victory over the Imperial Russian Army at the Battle of Mukden, Japanese forces were overextended in Manchuria, and the Japanese economy could no longer sustain a prolonged war effort. On 5 September 1905, the Treaty of Portsmouth was signed after a month of negotiations between Japan and Russia and officially ended the

This is a document about Military history of the Russian Empire
  See main article on Russo-Japanese War The war between Russia and the Japanese Empire broke out on February 8, 1904 with a Japanese attack upon the Russian Far East Fleet stationed at Port Arthur. Plagued with logistical problems, outdated military equipment and incompetent Russian officers, Russian forces suffered numerous defeats in the course of the war, which ended in September 1905, in the aftermath of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima. Faced with growing internal problems, including the revolution of 1905, Russia sued for peace as the war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth.

This is a document about Russian Far East
  repression and of rallying patriotism in the aftermath of several general strikes. Japan issued a declaration of war on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian government, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked the Russian 1st Pacific Squadron at Port Arthur. Eight days later Russia declared war on Japan. The war ended in September 1905 with a Japanese victory following the fall of Port Arthur and the failed Russian invasion of Japan through the Korean Peninsula and Northeast China; also, Japan had threatened to invade Primorsky Krai via Korea. The warring parties signed the

This is a document about Lubok
  The Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 began on February 8, 1904, at Port Arthur with a surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy. At the time, “Russia was an established European power with a large industrial base and a regular army of 1.1 million soldiers. Japan, with few natural resources and little heavy industry, had an army of only 200,000 men”. Because of the staggering difference in military defense, Russia assumed itself to have the upper hand before the war ensued. Luboks depicting the overconfidence of the Russian army were created because censorship laws at the time did not allow satirical magazines to subsist. With the use of satirical, often racist cartoons,

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
  The Russo-Japanese War (Ру́сско-япóнская войнá; 日露戦争) was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of military operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria, and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean both for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok remained ice-free and operational only during the summer; Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by the Qing dynasty of China from 1897, was operational year round. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in

This is a document about Project Hula
  The Russian Empire and Japan had previously fought the Russo-Japanese War in 1904–1905, followed by Japan sending troops into Siberia during the Russian Civil War in the Siberian Intervention of 1918–1920. Animosities continued as the two countries remained rivals in Northeast Asia after the establishment of the Soviet Union. Japans increasingly aggressive political and military behavior in East Asia during the 1930s led to border clashes between Soviet forces and Japanese forces in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria in 1937, at Kanchatzu Island in the Amur River, and in 1939 in the Khalkhin Gol/Nomonhan Incident. But after 1939, the two countries turned their attention elsewhere – Japan to focus on the Second Sino-Japanese War

This is a document about Japan–Russia relations
  Relations between the Communist takeover in 1917 and the collapse of Communism in 1991 tended to be hostile. Japan had sent troops to counter the Bolshevik presence in Russia's Far East during the Russian Civil War, but left without any gains. Relations were tense in the 1930s, as Japan took full control of Manchuria in 1931 and made war on China in 1937. Moscow favored China. The Russians defeated Japan at the bloody Nomonhan Incident in 1939. Japanese leaders decided to avoid any war with the USSR and instead turned south against Britain, the Netherlands and the United States. The USSR declared war on Japan in August 1945 invaded Japanese-controlled areas

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
  negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy opened hostilities in a surprise attack on 9 February 1904 by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur, China. Although Russia suffered a number of defeats, Emperor Nicholas II was convinced that Russia could win if it fought on; he chose to remain engaged in the war and wait for the outcomes of certain key naval battles. After the hope of victory was quelled, he continued the war to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a "humiliating peace". Russia ignored Japan's willingness early on to agree to an armistice and rejected the idea of bringing the dispute to the Arbitration Court at

This is a document about Era of Popular Violence
  By the turn of the 1900s, Japan's economy struggled to match the rapid territorial growth of the empire since the late 1800s. In February 1904, Japan entered in the Russo-Japanese War against the Russian Empire over competing imperialist interests in Northeast Asia. Japan decisively defeated the Russians and the war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth on 5 September 1905. A month of negotiations led to the treaty, which saw the return of the Kwantung Leased Territory (governed by the Russians as Russian Dalian since 1898) and the ceding of the island of Sakhalin south of the 50th parallel north. Despite the success

This is a document about Nicholas II of Russia
   A clash between Russia and the Empire of Japan was almost inevitable by the turn of the 20th century. Russia had expanded in the Far East, and the growth of its settlement and territorial ambitions, as its southward path to the Balkans was frustrated, conflicted with Japan's own territorial ambitions on the Asian mainland. Nicholas pursued an aggressive foreign policy with regards to Manchuria and Korea, and strongly supported the scheme for timber concessions in these areas as developed by the Bezobrazov group. War began in February 1904 with a preemptive Japanese attack on the Russian fleet in Port Arthur, prior to a formal

This is a document about Kuril Islands dispute
  Russian Civil War following the October Revolution, Japan did not formally annex any of these territories and they were vacated by Japan by the mid-1920s. After the Battles of Khalkhin Gol ended the Japanese–Soviet Border War in 1939 and before the USSR declared war on Japan (Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation) on August 8, 1945, there was practically no hostile activity between the USSR and the Empire of Japan. Japan was a main ally of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany––which the USSR initially had an understanding with, but found itself at war with from June 22, 1941. Millions of Soviet and Japanese soldiers were facing each other along the border. The Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact was signed in Moscow on April 13, 1941 and

This is a document about Empire of Japan
   The Russo-Japanese War was a conflict for control of Korea and parts of Manchuria between the Russian Empire and Empire of Japan that took place from 1904 to 1905. The victory greatly raised Japan's stature in the world of global politics. The war is marked by the Japanese opposition of Russian interests in Korea, Manchuria, and China, notably, the Liaodong Peninsula, controlled by the city of Ryojun. Originally, in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Ryojun had been given to Japan. This part of the treaty was overruled by Western powers, which gave the port to the Russian Empire, furthering Russian interests in the region. These interests came into conflict with Japanese interests. The war began with a surprise attack on the Russian Eastern fleet stationed at Port Arthur, which was followed by the Battle of Port Arthur. Those elements that attempted

This is a document about Battle of Port Arthur
  apparent, Admiral Tōgō's objection to engage the Russians under their shore batteries was justified. The formal declaration of war between Japan and Russia was issued on 10 February 1904, a day after the battle. The attack, conducted against a largely unassuming and unprepared neutral power in peacetime, has been widely compared to the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1907, the Second Hague Conference adopted provisions regarding the rights and duties of neutral powers on land and sea, prohibiting nations from committing any acts of hostility against neutral countries or persons as well as requiring that a declaration of war be given before commencing the attack on a targeted party.

This is a document about Guy W. S. Castle
  Castle's promotion to ensign, retroactive to 7 June 1903, occurred on 5 February 1904, the same day that Japan and Russia broke off diplomatic relations. Soon thereafter, on 8 February 1904, the Japanese declared war upon Russia, beginning the Russo-Japanese War; that day, a fleet commanded by Japanese Rear Admiral Uriu Sotokichi arrived off Chemulpo, then landed troops. The following morning, the Japanese issued a challenge to the two Russian warships in port, the steel-hulled protected cruiser Variag and the gunboat Koretz, neither of which knew war had been declared, that the Japanese would attack the Russians where they lay unless they stood out of

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
  Japan issued a declaration of war on 8 February 1904. However, three hours before Japan's declaration of war was received by the Russian government, and without warning, the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the Russian Far East Fleet at Port Arthur. Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack. He could not believe that Japan would commit an act of war without a formal declaration, and had been assured by his ministers that the Japanese would not fight. When the attack came, according to Cecil Spring Rice, first secretary at the British Embassy, it left the Tsar "almost incredulous". Russia declared war on Japan eight days later. Japan, in response, made reference to the Russian attack on Sweden in 1808 without declaration of war, although the requirement to mediate disputes between states before commencing hostilities was made international law in 1899, and again in 1907, with the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The Qing Empire favoured the Japanese position and even offered military aid, but Japan declined it. However, Yuan Shikai sent envoys to Japanese generals several times to deliver foodstuffs and alcoholic drinks. Native Manchurians joined the war on both sides as hired troops.

Japan went to war with Russia on February 8, 1904. However, the Japanese fleet attacked the Russian Far Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur without a declaration of war on February 7, 1904.


Question: when was the peak district national park established

Answer: 1951

This is a document about Peak District
 Peak District The Peak District is an upland area in England at the southern end of the Pennines. It is mostly in northern Derbyshire, but also includes parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. An area of great diversity, it is split into the Dark Peak, where most of the moorland is found and the geology is gritstone, and the limestone area of the White Peak. The Peak District National Park became the first national park in the United Kingdom in 1951. With its proximity to the cities of Manchester, Stoke-on-Trent, Derby and Sheffield, and access

This is a document about Geography of Wales
 Swansea to Cork. Wales has three designated national parks. Snowdonia National Park in northwestern Wales was established in 1951 as the third national park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. It covers of the mountains of Snowdonia and has of coastline. The Pembrokeshire Coast National Park was established the following year to protect the spectacular coastal scenery of West Wales. It includes Caldey Island, the Daugleddau estuary and the Preseli Hills, as well as the entire length of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. The Brecon Beacons National Park was established five years later and extends across the

This is a document about Protected areas of Wales
 Protected areas of Wales Many parts of Wales are protected areas, according to a number of designations. They include three national parks, and five Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Wales is home to three national parks. Snowdonia National Park () was established in 1951 as the third National Park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. It covers , and has of coastline. Pembrokeshire Coast National Park () is a national park along the Pembrokeshire coast in West Wales. It was established as a National Park in 1952, and is the only one in the United Kingdom

This is a document about National park
 National Park in 1914. The UK waited until 1951 for the designation of its first national park, The Peak District National Park which sits at the southern end of the Pennine Hills surrounded by industrial cities. This followed perhaps 70 years of pressure for greater public access to the landscape. By the end of the decade a further 9 national parks had been designated. Europe has some 359 national parks as of 2010. Africa's first national park was established in 1925 when Albert I of Belgium designated an area of what is now Democratic Republic of Congo centred on the

This is a document about Snowdonia
 the south of . As (see above), this area has a unique place in Welsh history, tradition and culture. Snowdonia National Park () was established in 1951 as the third national park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. It covers , and has of coastline. The park is governed by the Snowdonia National Park Authority, which is made up of local government and Welsh representatives, and its main offices are at Penrhyndeudraeth. Unlike national parks in other countries, Snowdonia (and other such parks in Britain) are made up of both public and private lands under central

This is a document about Dovedale
 for designation as national parks. Dovedale was one of the areas selected, and it was eventually included within Peak District National Park when it became Britain's first National Park in 1951. In July 1937, Staffordshire County Council converted the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway into a tarmac path now known as Manifold Way. The Ashbourne-Buxton railway line closed in the mid-1960s and was converted into a track known as Tissington Trail. In a Peak District National Park survey conducted in 1986/87, more than a fifth of visitors said walking was their main reason for visiting. A footpath count on

This is a document about Lake District
 within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and largest natural lakes in England, Wast Water and Windermere respectively. The Lake District National Park includes all of the central Lake District, though the town of Kendal, some coastal areas, and the Lakeland Peninsulas are outside the park boundary. The area was designated a national park on 9 May 1951 (less than a month after the first UK national park designation — the Peak District). It retained its original boundaries until 2016 when it was extended by 3% in the direction of

This is a document about Protected areas of Wales
 areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, Geological Monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves. There are now 73 LNRs in Wales, covering . Protected areas of Wales Many parts of Wales are protected areas, according to a number of designations. They include three national parks, and five Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Wales is home to three national parks. Snowdonia National Park () was established in 1951 as the third National Park in Britain, following the Peak District and the Lake District. It covers , and

This is a document about Peak District
 was filmed in Crich, Matlock and other Peak locations. Peak District The Peak District is an upland area in England at the southern end of the Pennines. It is mostly in northern Derbyshire, but also includes parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. An area of great diversity, it is split into the Dark Peak, where most of the moorland is found and the geology is gritstone, and the limestone area of the White Peak. The Peak District National Park became the first national park in the United Kingdom in 1951. With its proximity to the

This is a document about Peak District
  The Kinder Trespass in 1932 was a landmark in the campaign for open access to moorland in Britain and eventually led to the formation of Britain's national parks. Before the trespass, open moorland was closed to all. Moorland estates were the private property of landed gentry who used them for only 12 days a year and were guarded by their gamekeepers. The Peak District National Park became the United Kingdom's first national park on 17 April 1951. Campaigner Ethel Haythornthwaite played an important part in the development of the national park. The first long-distance footpath in the United Kingdom was the Pennine Way, which opened in 1965 and starts at the Nags Head Inn, in Grindsbook Booth, part of Edale village. The Peak & Northern Footpaths Society (PNFS) was formed in 1894 to monitor, protect, and improve the footpath network of the Peak District and surrounding areas. The organisation is the oldest existing regional footpath society in the UK. Saddleworth Moor and Wessenden, above Meltham, gained notoriety after the Moors murders in the 1960s.

This is a document about National parks of the United Kingdom
   The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 was passed with all party support. The first ten national parks were designated as such in the 1950s under the Act in mostly poor-quality agricultural upland. Much of the land was still owned by individual landowners, often private estates, but there was also property owned by public bodies such as the Crown, or charities which allow and encourage access such as the National Trust. Accessibility from the cities was also considered important. The Peak District, site of the Kinder Scout trespass, was designated the first national park in April 1951 under the Clement Attlee led Labour administration. This was followed in the same year by the designations of three more national parks; the

This is a document about National parks of the United Kingdom
  National parks were first designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, and in England and Wales any new national park is designated under this Act, and must be confirmed by the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The 1949 Act came about after a prolonged campaign for public access to the countryside in the United Kingdom with its roots in the Industrial Revolution. The first 'freedom to roam' bill was introduced to Parliament in 1884 by James Bryce but it was not until 1931 that a government inquiry recommended the creation of a 'National Park Authority' to select areas for designation as national parks. Despite the recommendation and continued lobbying and demonstrations of public discontent, such as the 1932 Kinder Scout mass trespass in the Peak District, nothing

This is a document about Peak District Boundary Walk
  The Peak District Boundary Walk is a circular 190 mi walking trail, starting and finishing at Buxton and broadly following the boundary of the Peak District, Britain's first national park. The route was developed by the Friends of the Peak District (a branch of the Campaign to Protect Rural England) and was launched on 17 June 2017. The Friends of the Peak District's founders, Gerald and Ethel Haythornthwaite, proposed the boundary of the Peak District National Park, which was subsequently established as the United Kingdom's first National Park in 1951. The route is waymarked with green markers and uses existing footpaths, tracks, quiet lanes,

This is a document about December 1950
 In England, the Peak District was the first applicant under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 for protection as a national park, with the filing of the proper orders with the United Kingdom's Minister of Town and Country Planning. Inaugurated on April 17, 1951, the Peak District National Park encompasses 555 square miles of land at the southern end of the Pennine Mountains and is primarily located in Derbyshire. ; Twelve days after the United States had frozen Chinese assets within U.S. borders, all American assets within the People's Republic of China were decreed to be under Chinese control,

This is a document about Dovedale
  Gentry comprised most of the visitors to Dovedale during the 18th and 19th centuries. From 1899 the Ashbourne-Buxton railway line ran to Thorpe Cloud station, above the village of Thorpe, making Dovedale more widely accessible to walkers and hikers of all social classes. Improvements in road transport facilitated travel to the area as well. In 1931 Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government recommended creating a ‘National Park Authority’ to select natural areas for designation as national parks. Dovedale was one of the areas selected, and it was eventually included within the Peak District National Park when it became Britain's first National Park in 1951. In July 1937, Staffordshire County Council converted the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway into a tarmac path now known as Manifold Way. The Ashbourne-Buxton railway

This is a document about National park
  expansion of the earlier Sabie Game Reserve established in 1898 by President Paul Kruger of the old South African Republic, after whom the park was named. Argentina became the third country in the Americas to create a national park system, with the creation of the Nahuel Huapi National Park in 1934, through the initiative of Francisco Moreno. After World War II, national parks were founded all over the world. The United Kingdom designated its first national park, Peak District National Park, in 1951. This followed perhaps 70 years of pressure for greater public access to the landscape. By the

This is a document about Peak District
  The Peak District is an upland area in England at the southern end of the Pennines. Mostly in Derbyshire, it includes parts of Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Staffordshire, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire. It includes the Dark Peak, where most moorland is found and the geology gritstone, and the White Peak, a limestone area with valleys and gorges. The Dark Peak forms an arc on the north, east and west sides; the White Peak covers the central and southern tracts. The historic Peak District extends beyond the National Park boundaries, which exclude major towns, quarries and industrial areas. It became the first of the national parks of England and Wales in 1951. Nearby Manchester, Stoke-on-Trent, Derby and Sheffield send millions of visitors – some 20 million live within an hour's ride. Inhabited from the Mesolithic era, it shows evidence of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages. Settled by the Romans and Anglo-Saxons, it remained largely agricultural; mining arose in the Middle Ages. Richard Arkwright built cotton mills in the Industrial Revolution. As mining declined, quarrying grew. Tourism came with the railways, spurred by the landscape, spa towns and Castleton's show caves. Walking, cycling, rock climbing and caving are popular.

This is a document about Friends of the Peak District
  The area covered by the branch includes: the Peak District National Park; the Derbyshire High Peak; the parishes of Barlow, Holmesfield, Dronfield, Eckington, Unstone and Killamarsh in the North East Derbyshire District Council and the Metropolitan Districts of Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley and Doncaster. Founded by Ethel Haythornthwaite, the charity began as the Sheffield Association for the Protection of Local Scenery in 1924 and became a branch of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England representing Sheffield and the Peak District in 1927. In 1938, the branch was instrumental in establishing the Sheffield Green Belt, the first in the country; in 1951, the Peak District became the UK’s first National Park. The charity rebranded itself as Friends of the Peak District in 2002 but still represented CPRE in the Peak District and South Yorkshire. The

This is a document about Marple Junction
  The Peak Forest Canal was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1794, which was designed to access the limestone deposits at Doveholes, near Whaley Bridge. The canal ran from Dukinfield Junction on the Ashton Canal to Bugsworth Basin, from where a tramway ran the final 6.5 mi to the quarries, which were over 1000 ft above sea level. There were two level pounds on the canal, separated by a flight of 16 locks which raised the level by 214 ft. Most of the canal opened in 1800, but the locks were not completed until 1804 and a second tramway was used to bypass the locks until they were ready. Although a route through Macclesfield to connect the Trent and Mersey Canal to Manchester had been suggested as early as 1777, an Act of Parliament was not obtained until 1826, following a

The Peak District National Park was established in 1951.