Question: who sang the original always on my mind

Answer: Gwen McCrae

This is a document about Always on My Mind
 Always on My Mind "Always on My Mind" is a song by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, and Wayne Carson, recorded first by B.J. Thomas in 1969, then Gwen McCrae (as "You Were Always on My Mind") and Brenda Lee in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Brenda Lee's version had stalled at number 45 on the country charts in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  "Always on My Mind" is a ballad written by Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, and Mark James, first released by Gwen McCrae (as "You Were Always on My Mind") in 1972. Brenda Lee also released a version in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Lee's version stalled at number 45 on the US country chart in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere with their own versions: Elvis Presley in 1972; John Wesley Ryles in 1979; Willie Nelson's Grammy Award-winning version in 1982; and Pet Shop Boys in 1987.

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Houston Person album)
  Always on My Mind is an album by saxophonist Houston Person featuring jazz versions of pop hits recorded in 1985 and released on the Muse label early the following year.

This is a document about 1982 in country music
 Entertainer of the Year — Alabama ; Song of the Year — "Always on My Mind", Johnny Christopher, Wayne Carson Thompson and Mark James (Performer: Willie Nelson) ; Single of the Year — "Always on My Mind", Willie Nelson ; Album of the Year — Always on My Mind, Willie Nelson ; Male Vocalist of the Year — Ricky Skaggs ; Female Vocalist of the Year — Janie Fricke ; Vocal Duo of the Year — David Frizzell and Shelly West ; Vocal Group of the Year — Alabama ; Horizon Award — Ricky Skaggs ; Instrumentalist of the Year — Chet Atkins ; Instrumental Group of the Year — Alabama

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  In 1987, the Pet Shop Boys performed a synth-pop version of "Always on My Mind" on Love Me Tender, a television special on the ITV network in the United Kingdom. Commemorating the tenth anniversary of Presley's death, the programme featured various popular acts of the time performing cover versions of his songs. The Pet Shop Boys' performance was so well-received that the duo decided to record the song and release it as a single. This version became the UK's Christmas number-one single that year – edging out "Fairytale of New York" by The Pogues – spending four weeks atop the chart. It also reached number four on the US Billboard Hot 100. The Pet

This is a document about Cofield Mundi
  Cofield has co-written with notable artists and writers, like Russell Dickerson, whose single Yours debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's Heat Seeker chart, Cary Barlowe,  Adam Zelkind, Jeff Cohen,  Matthew Puckett  and Wayne Carson,  who wrote the all-time classic “Always on my Mind” recorded and performed by numerous stars including Elvis Presley, Wille Nelson, Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash and Pet Shop Boys. Cofield has recorded in some of the most renowned studios worldwide, including Abbey Road Studios in London. Cofield gained recognition after the release of her first album, Ceremony (Fresh Music) in 2003 which was nominated for Best Pop Album at the South African Music Awards SAMA'S 2004. Her second album, The Big Question (Universal Music Group) was nominated for Best Adult Contemporary album at the

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Tiki Taane song)
  "Always On My Mind" is a single by the New Zealand singer Tiki Taane. It was released as the first single from Taane's first solo album, Past, Present, Future. It reached number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The song has been certified 2x Platinum and made it to #1 in New Zealand, knocking Chris Brown off the top spot after a seven-week reign. The song spent nineteen non-consecutive weeks in the top ten, including two weeks at number one, and a total of fifty-five weeks in the chart so far. "Always On My Mind" has also become one of the most successful singles of all time in New Zealand, landing at number one on the Best of All Time Singles Chart, a chart that has been tracking singles since 1994. The title was previously held by "Bathe in the River" by Hollie Smith. In September 2019, Taane re-recorded the song for Waiata / Anthems, a collection of re-recorded New Zealand pop songs to promote te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week). The new version, retitled "Kei Tōku Ngākau Nei Koe / Always on My Mind", featured lyrics reinterpreted by scholar Tīmoti Kāretu.

This is a document about Willie Nelson
  Julio Iglesias titled "To All the Girls I've Loved Before". In 1982, Pancho & Lefty, a duet album with Merle Haggard produced by Chips Moman was released. During the recording sessions of Pancho and Lefty, session guitarist Johnny Christopher and co-writer of "Always on My Mind", tried to pitch the song to an uninterested Haggard. Nelson, who was unaware of Elvis Presley's version of the song asked him to record it. Produced by Moman, the single of the song was released, as well as the album of the same name. The single topped Billboards Hot Country Singles, while it reached number five on

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Willie Nelson album)
  During the recording sessions for Nelson's collaboration album with Merle Haggard, Pancho & Lefty, the producer Chips Moman and Bobby Emmons suggested that they record Johnny Christopher's "Always on My Mind". Haggard had no interest in recording a version of the song for the album, so instead Nelson recorded his own version—the first for the album entitled Always on My Mind. In his autobiography, Nelson stated: "We'll never know what would have happened if Merle had really heard the song right. 'Always on My Mind' bowled me over the moment I first heard it, which is one way I pick songs to record". The rest of the album was constituted by adult-contemporary and pop standards, such as "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man" and Paul Simon's "Bridge Over Troubled Water", as well as re-recordings of his own songs including "Permanently Lonely" (originally recorded for 1969's Good Times LP) and "The Party's Over" (originally recorded for The Party's Over released in 1967). A 2003 re-release of the album included two bonus tracks: "The Man Who Owes Everyone" and "I'm a Memory" (another re-recording of an earlier release).

This is a document about Mark James (songwriter)
  Mark James Trio released the album "She's Gone Away" in 1978 on Crazy Cajun Records with fellow band members Joey Longoria and Bobby Winder. A decade after "Always on My Mind" was released, Willie Nelson covered it and it became a huge hit for him. James won a Grammy Award for Song of the Year and Grammy Award for Best Country Song for Nelson's version. The United Kingdom's Pet Shop Boys released a successfully charting version of "Always on My Mind" in 1987 which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 4 in the US. On October 11, 2015, James entered the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.

This is a document about Riff-Raff (1991 film)
 Always on My Mind - Composed by Johnny Christopher, Francis Zambon and Wayne Carson Thompson ; With a Little Help from My Friends - Composed by John Lennon and Paul McCartney ; Won't You Charleston With Me - Composed by Sandy Wilson ; I'm So Excited - Composed by Trevor Lawrence (musician), Anita Pointer, June Pointer and Ruth Pointer Spread a Little Happiness - Composed by Vivian Ellis and Clifford Grey ; Good Morning - Written by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed ; Everytime I Say Goodbye - Composed by Cole Porter - Performed by Emer McCourt ; The Sun Has Got His Hat On - Composed by Ralph T. Butler and Noel Gay - Performed by Emer McCourt

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  Elvis Presley recorded "Always on My Mind" on March 29, 1972, a few weeks after his February separation from his wife, Priscilla. The song received immense fame and critical appreciation and is considered one of Presley's standout songs of the 1970s. The song was released as the B-side of the "Separate Ways" single, which was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales in excess of one million units. (sales of over a million copies). It was listed as a double A-side, reaching number 16 on Billboards Hot Country Singles chart in November 1972. In the United Kingdom, "Always on My Mind" was the hit song while "Separate Ways" was the B-side. It was voted the number-one song of Presley's recording career in a poll conducted by ITV in 2013.

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  "Always On My Mind" did not see completion until late 1971. Songwriter-guitarist Wayne Carson had about two verses done, with the working title "You Were Always On My Mind". He had been occupied in Memphis on a project that required him to stay ten days longer, and he phoned his wife in Springfield, Missouri, to apologize for the delay. She was angry, and he replied: "Well, I know I’ve been gone a lot, but I’ve been thinking about you all the time." His words struck him as potential song material, and he quickly ended the call so he could capture the idea on paper. He brought the

This is a document about Anoop Desai
  in Idol history. Desai's first finals performance of Michael Jackson's "Beat It" was panned by the judges, with Simon Cowell saying that it was "very lightweight" and that he regretted choosing Desai for the Top 13. But Desai won the judges over again the next week, when he sang Willie Nelson's classic country ballad "Always On My Mind" for "Grand Ole Opry Week." Even Cowell was impressed, and retracted his remarks about Desai not deserving to be in the Top 13. Desai's rendition of Cyndi Lauper's "True Colors" three weeks later, which also garnered praise from the judges, prompted Cowell to compare the contestant to

This is a document about Knight of the Phoenix
  for the casino scene. There is also an extra scene featuring Willie Nelson's rendition of Elvis Presley's "Always On My Mind" featured in television screenings, but not on the DVD version. During the first day of filming Hasselhoff mentions that he had a stomach ache in the plastic surgery/recovery scenes which caused him to convincingly moan and groan with pain. Michael Long is played by Larry Anderson although his voice is overdubbed by David Hasselhoff, and his name didn't appear in the screen credits. Anderson actually had chosen to be uncredited because of the overdubbing. The location was a mocked up casino in the lobby of a

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  In 1979, John Wesley Ryles reached number 20 on the US Hot Country Songs chart with his rendition, retitled "You Are Always on My Mind", from the album Let the Night Begin. The rendition was produced by Bob Montgomery. A review in Billboard praised the "brightly mixed vocals" and "powerful production".

This is a document about Wayne Carson
 "Somebody Like Me" – Eddy Arnold ; "Always On My Mind" – Brenda Lee, Elvis Presley, Willie Nelson, Pet Shop Boys, Michael Buble, Juilo Iglesias, The Stylistics, West End Girls, Johnny Cash & Willie Nelson, John Wesley Ryles ; "The Letter" – The Box Tops, The Beach Boys, Dionne Warwick, Joe Cocker featuring Leon Russell, Al Green, Johnny Rivers, The Arbors, Bachman Turner Overdrive, Bobby Darin, Amii Stewart, and Don Williams. ; "Keep On" – Bruce Channel ; "Who's Julie" – Mel Tillis, Joe Simon ; "She's Actin' Single (I'm Drinkin' Doubles)" – Gary Stewart, Wade Hayes, Ronnie Dunn ; "Neon Rainbow" – The Box Tops, Petula Clark ; "Soul Deep" – The Box Tops, Clarence Carter,

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Rani song)
  "Always On My Mind " is the debut single by Australian singer and songwriter Rani. Released in June 1997 as the lead single from her debut studio album, The Infinite Blue, the song peaked at number 33 on the ARIA Charts in August 1997. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1997, the song was nominated for two awards: Best Pop Release and Best New Talent.

This is a document about Cowpunk
  music was associated with conservative political values and highly-produced commercial music. Don McLeese said the ways that youth associated country music made them not realize that it had youthful, exuberant "Hillbilly music" roots in earlier eras. Joey Camp says he was turned off country as a teen in the early 1980s because he mistakenly thought that the "...countrypolitan fare" then popular on commercial radio, such as "Islands in the Stream" by "Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton, "Queen of Hearts" by Juice Newton, and "Always On My Mind" by Willie Nelson" was the extent of country music. Music writer Peter Doggett has

The original version of "Always on My Mind" was recorded by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, and Wayne Carson in 1969.


Question: who has won the bundesliga the most times

Answer: Bayern Munich

This is a document about Bundesliga
 winner of the Bundesliga qualifies for the DFL-Supercup. 54 clubs have competed in the Bundesliga since its founding. Bayern Munich has won the Bundesliga the most, winning the title 27 times. However, the Bundesliga has seen other champions with Borussia Dortmund, Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, Borussia Mönchengladbach and VfB Stuttgart most prominent among them. The Bundesliga is one of the top national leagues, ranked fourth in Europe according to UEFA's league coefficient ranking for the 2017–18 season, based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons. The Bundesliga is the number-one football league in the world in terms

This is a document about DFB-Pokal
 the Bundesliga a week before they won the cup final. Surprise results in the cup attract a strong media coverage in Germany and, at times, abroad. When TSV Vestenbergsgreuth eliminated Bayern Munich in 1994, who were then coached by the Italian Giovanni Trapattoni, Italian sports daily "La Gazzetta dello Sport" reported on its front page "Club di dilettanti elimina Trapattoni" ("Amateur club eliminate Trapattoni"). Having won 18 titles, Bayern Munich has been the most successful team in the cup since they won their fourth title in 1969. Fortuna Düsseldorf established a record for consecutive German Cup match victories (18 straight

This is a document about Gerd Müller
 Maier. The club, which would go on to become the most successful German club in history, was then still in the Regionalliga Süd "(Regional League South)", which was one level below the Bundesliga at the time. After one season, Bayern Munich advanced to the Bundesliga and started a long string of successes. With his club, Müller amassed titles during the 1960s and 1970s: he won the German Championship four times, the DFB-Pokal four times, the European Champions' Cup three consecutive years (the first West German team to win it; Müller scored in the 1974 final replay and the 1975 final),

This is a document about History of German football
 2003: Hamburger SV, once known as the "dinosaur" for being the only club which has played in every season of the league's existence until relegation in 2018, and Bayern Munich, the most successful side in German football, which had just won their seventeenth Bundesliga title. In 2005, German football was once again overshadowed by the discovery of a match-fixing scandal involving second division referee Robert Hoyzer, who confessed to fixing and betting on matches in the 2. Bundesliga, the DFB-Pokal (German Cup), and the Regionalliga (III). The games included a DFB-Pokal first-round match between regional side Paderborn and Bundesliga heavyweights

This is a document about Claudio Pizarro
 Claudio Pizarro Claudio Miguel Pizarro Bosio (; born 3 October 1978) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Werder Bremen and the Peru national team. He is well renowned for his goal scoring ability, especially when heading the ball. He has spent most of his career playing in the Bundesliga, having two spells at Bayern Munich and four at Werder Bremen, during which he won 17 trophies, 16 of which occurred at Bayern. On 23 October 2010, Pizarro set a new record for most goals scored by a foreign player in the Bundesliga, surpassing Giovane Élber's

This is a document about 2017–18 Bundesliga
 "All times are UTC+2". "VfL Wolfsburg won 4–1 on aggregate and therefore both clubs remain in their respective leagues." 2017–18 Bundesliga The 2017–18 Bundesliga was the 55th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's premier football competition. It began on 18 August 2017 and concluded on 12 May 2018. The fixtures were announced on 29 June 2017. Bayern Munich were the defending champions and won their 27th Bundesliga title on 7 April with five games to spare, winning a sixth consecutive title for the first time in their history. 1. FC Köln and Hamburger SV were relegated at the end of the

This is a document about 1965–66 Bundesliga
 for the two most successful clubs regarding league titles in Bundesliga history, Borussia Mönchengladbach and Bayern Munich. It was also the first time that a city had two clubs in the Bundesliga. Bayern were a title contender for large parts of the season, but eventually were held short three points by their cross-town rivals 1860, who won their first championship. Nevertheless, the newcomers had something to celebrate as well, as they won the DFB Cup one week after the end of the season, which they finished in third place. Borussia Dortmund finished in second place, ahead on goal average to

This is a document about FC Bayern Munich Junior Team
 season-by-season performance of the club's under 19 and under 17 sides since 2003–04: Bayern Munich has won the German under 19 championship three times and the under 17 championship five times. Here are the championship winning teams with goals in the final in brackets: FC Bayern Munich Junior Team The FC Bayern Munich Junior Team is the youth academy for German football club Bayern Munich. The Junior Team was created in 1902 and restructured in 1995. It has educated many players who have become regulars in the Bundesliga and Germany. The vision for the Junior Team is ""to educate young

This is a document about Gerd Müller
 the Intercontinental Cup once, and the European Cup Winners' Cup once. A supremely opportunistic goal-scorer, he also became German top scorer seven times and European top scorer twice. Müller scored 365 goals in 427 Bundesliga matches for Bayern Munich, almost 100 goals more than the second-most successful Bundesliga scorer, Klaus Fischer. He holds the single-season Bundesliga record with 40 goals in season 1971–72, a record that is particularly impressive because unlike other top-flight national leagues, the Bundesliga only has 18 teams and therefore only 34 games per season. Müller averaged a goal per game or better in seven of his

This is a document about Stefan Kindermann
 the event in Haifa 1989. Stefan Kindermann appeared on Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) television, playing in series eight of the BBC's The Master Game Tournament in 1983. Kindermann has played in the German Chess Bundesliga for many years and his team FC Bayern Munich has won the German Team championship nine times. Since 2009 he has been playing for the Munich club "MSA Zugzwang". In the Austrian Bundesliga he plays for "Merkur Graz" and "Sparkasse Jenbach". He is the author of several chess books, including a book on the (together with Ulrich Dirr, 2001, ), the Leningrad Dutch (2002, ) and

This is a document about Klaus Augenthaler
 Bayern Munich he won the Bundesliga title seven times and the DFB-Pokal three times. In the European Cup he was runner-up in 1982, vs. Aston Villa (0–1) and again in 1987, although he missed the final due to suspension, when Bayern lost 2–1 to FC Porto. From 1984 until the end of his career as player in 1991 Klaus Augenthaler also captained his club side. He played 404 Bundesliga matches and made 89 appearances in European cup competitions for Bayern. Between 1983 and 1990 he played 27 times for West Germany, with which he won the World Cup 1990 in

This is a document about 2007–08 Bundesliga
 points were relegated to 2. Bundesliga. Bayern Munich secured their 21st title with a 0–0 draw at VfL Wolfsburg on 4 May 2008. Bayern were good value for their title, having conceded only 21 goals, losing only two games in the process. Their completely overhauled squad hinged on the performances of Italy striker Luca Toni, who found the back of the net 24 times, and France winger Franck Ribéry, who won the Player of the Year award. Bayern coach Ottmar Hitzfeld was named Manager of the Year as well, to round off a thoroughly successful season for Bayern. Werder Bremen

This is a document about Jean-Marie Pfaff
 Jean-Marie Pfaff Jean-Marie Pfaff (born 4 December 1953 in Lebbeke) is a Belgian former football goalkeeper who spent most of his professional career with Beveren and Bayern Munich. Pfaff was capped 64 times playing for Belgium, and participated at the 1982 FIFA World Cup and 1986 FIFA World Cup tournaments. At the age of 16, Pfaff joined K.S.K. Beveren with whom he won a Belgian champions title (1979) and a Belgian Cup (1978). The same year, he received the Belgian Golden Shoe. In 1982, he entered the Bayern Munich squad, getting three Bundesliga titles (from 1985 to 1987) and two

This is a document about Felix Götze
 Felix Götze Felix Götze (; born 11 February 1998) is a German footballer who plays as a centre-back for FC Augsburg. Götze played for Borussia Dortmund until 2014, when he moved the youth academy of Bayern Munich. Götze began in Bayern's under-17 team for the 2014–15 season, before moving up to the under-19 team for the 2015–16 season. In 2017, Götze won the 2016–17 A-Junioren Bundesliga Süd/Südwest with the under-19 team, scoring six times during the season. The team went on to advance to the final of the A-Junioren Bundesliga championship round, before losing to Borussia Dortmund 8–7 on penalties.

This is a document about 2018 DFB-Pokal Final
 champions of the 2017–18 edition of the Bundesliga, Bayern Munich. Frankfurt also earned automatic qualification for the group stage of the 2018–19 edition of the UEFA Europa League. The match was the 22nd final for Bayern Munich, a competition record. Of the previous finals, Bayern had won on 18 occasions, also a competition record, and lost three times. Bayern's last final appearance was in 2016, where they won on penalties against Borussia Dortmund. Bayern were chasing a league and cup double, having won the 2017–18 Bundesliga in April 2018. Bayern had previously completed the double on 11 occasions (in 2013

This is a document about 1. FC Nürnberg
 before being overtaken by Bayern Munich in 1987. Germany honours its Bundesliga champions by allowing them to display the gold stars of the "Verdiente Meistervereine" – one star for three titles, two stars for five and three stars for ten. However, currently only titles earned since 1963 in the Bundesliga are officially recognized. Despite winning the national title nine times, Nürnberg – the country's second-most successful side – is not entitled to sport any championship stars. "Der Club" plays in the communally-owned Max-Morlock-Stadion. It has been the club's home since 1963, and currently has a capacity of 50,000 spectators following

This is a document about Bernd Dürnberger
 record for being the player having won the most major club titles without having ever played for the national team of his country. Bernd Dürnberger Bernhard "Bernd" Dürnberger (born 17 September 1953 in Kirchanschöring) is a former German football player. A defensive midfielder, he played for thirteen seasons with Bayern Munich, from 1972 to 1985. He played in a total of 375 Bundesliga games and scored 38 goals. He never earned an international cap at senior level but appeared 78 times (9 goals) in the European cup competitions for Bayern Munich. Dürnberger altogether won eleven major trophies with Bayern Munich

This is a document about Willi Orban
 Willi Orban Vilmos Tamás "Willi" Orban (born 3 November 1992) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Bundesliga club RB Leipzig and the Hungary national team. Orban started his career in the 1. FC Kaiserslautern youth academy as 4 year old. He made first-team debut in a match against Bayern Munich on 27 August 2011. Orban received his first start against 1. FC Nürnberg on 26 November, deputising for suspended right back Florian Dick. Orban made the team 6 times in the Bundesliga, but spent most of his time with the reserve team, 1. FC

This is a document about Dynasty (sports)
 Bayern Munich from 1971 to present. Bayern have won the Bundesliga a record 30 times, more than twice its closest Bundesliga contender. Bayern also won the European Cup three times in a row from 1974 to 1976, and won the Champions League subsequently in 2001, 2013, and 2020. Bayern became the first German club to win the quadruple in the 2012–13 season, winning the Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, Champions League and DFL-Supercup. They have won the last eight Bundesliga titles, from 2013 to 2020. ; Borussia Mönchengladbach from 1969–70 to 1976–77. Borussia Mönchengladbach became Bundesliga champions in 5 of 8 seasons. This has been achieved against strong opposition from Bayern Munich and notably in all three seasons in which Bayern won the European Cup in a row (1974 to 1976).

Bayern Munich has won the Bundesliga the most times, with a total of 27 titles.


Question: when did south africa win the african cup of nations

Answer: 1996

This is a document about South Africa national football team
 South Africa national football team The South Africa men's national football team represents South Africa in association football and is controlled by the South African Football Association, the governing body for football in South Africa. South Africa's home ground is FNB Stadium, so named due to a naming rights deal, in Johannesburg. The team is currently under the charge of Stuart Baxter, who was appointed as coach on 5 April 2017. The team's greatest achievement was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. Having played their first match in 1924, they returned to the world stage in

This is a document about Phil Masinga
 English Football with Coventry City fell through after he failed to secure a work permit. In an African Cup of Nations qualifier versus Zambia in 1992, Masinga became the first South African ever to be sent off in an international match. He was in the Bafana Bafana side when South Africa won the African Cup of Nations in 1996 and when they finished second to Egypt in the 1998 African Cup of Nations. “Chippa”, as he is affectionately known, scored the decisive goal in the 1997 game against the Republic of the Congo that took South Africa to the 1998

This is a document about Rigobert Song
 the African Nations cup a record eight times, serving as captain in five competitions except in South Africa 1996, Burkina Faso in 1998 and Angola 2010). Song holds the record of most consecutive games played in the African Nations Cup with 35 first-team games. He won the Nations Cup twice in Nigeria 2000 and Mali 2002, losing to Egypt in the finals in Ghana 2008. In 2010, Cameroon was featured in the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations but failed to win the tournament. On 13 January 2010, the "Lions" lost in a 1–0 group-stage upset against Gabon but won a

This is a document about 2013 Africa Cup of Nations
 2013 Africa Cup of Nations The 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013 for sponsorship reasons, held from 19 January to 10 February 2013, was the 29th Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Starting from this edition, the tournament was switched to being held in odd-numbered years instead of even-numbered years so that it does not clash with the FIFA World Cup. South Africa hosted the tournament for the second time, after previously hosting the 1996 African Cup of

This is a document about South African Football Association
 admitted to FIFA in 1992 and its senior team has since represented South Africa at the Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cup. During SAFA's time as the FIFA-affiliated football organisation, South Africa has also hosted several editions of the COSAFA Cup, the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The South African Football Association is responsible for the administration of the South African national football teams (both men's and women's), and the third tier and below of the South African Football league system. The Premier Soccer League administrates the top two divisions and

This is a document about South Africa
 Philander, and Faf du Plessis; most also participate in the Indian Premier League. South Africa has also produced numerous world class rugby players, including Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, and Bryan Habana. South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, and won the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. It followed the 1995 Rugby World Cup by hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations, with the national team, the Springboks, going on to win the tournament. It also hosted the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 World Twenty20 Championship. South

This is a document about 1996 African Cup of Nations
 1996 African Cup of Nations The 1996 African Cup of Nations was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the soccer championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to sixteen teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to fifteen. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2−0. "For full

This is a document about 1996 African Cup of Nations qualification
 1996 African Cup of Nations qualification The Qualification for the 1996 African Cup of Nations took place in 7 groups of 6 teams each, with the top 2 teams from each group progressing to the tournament. Nigeria and South Africa qualified automatically, as champions and hosts respectively. Qualification began in September 1994 and ended in July 1995. Lesotho withdrew after competing 6 matches (1 win, 5 losses); Their results were annulled. Swaziland withdrew without playing any matches. Guinea Bissau withdrew after competing 3 matches (1 draw, 2 losses); their results were annulled. Gambia and Niger withdrew after competing 5 matches

This is a document about 1996 African Cup of Nations
 qualification see: 1996 African Cup of Nations qualification" <nowiki>*</nowiki> Teams highlighted in green progress to the Quarter Finals. Goalkeeper Defenders Midfielders Forwards 1996 African Cup of Nations The 1996 African Cup of Nations was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the soccer championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to sixteen teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from

This is a document about Angola national football team
 Cup qualifying for the first time in the 1986 qualifying competition. Angola defeated Senegal on penalties in the first round before narrowly losing to Algeria 3-2 on aggregate in the second round. Angola qualified for their first Africa Cup of Nations in 1996. They were drawn in Group A with South Africa, Egypt and Cameroon. They lost their first two games to Egypt and South Africa, but managed a 3–3 draw against Cameroon. They finished bottom of the group and did not reach the second round. Angola then qualified for their second successive African Cup of Nations in 1998, but

This is a document about Culture of South Africa
 It followed the 1995 Rugby World Cup by hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations, with the national team going on to win the tournament. It also hosted the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 World Twenty20 Championship, and it was the host nation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was the first time the tournament was held in Africa. FIFA president Sepp Blatter awarded South Africa a grade 9 out of 10 for successfully hosting the event. In 2004, the swimming team of Roland Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend and Ryk Neethling won the gold medal at the

This is a document about South Africa national football team
 South Africa finished second in the group, and failed to qualify for the next stage of the qualifiers. In 1996, a mere 5 years after readmission, South Africa achieved their finest moment when they hosted (and won) the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations, in the process reaching the lofty heights of 16th in the FIFA rankings. The shock firing of Cup of Nations winning coach Clive Barker did little to slow momentum as they followed their 1996 success with a second-placed finish at the 1998 Africa Cup of Nations under Jomo Sono. The team had earned their first appearance at

This is a document about FNB Stadium
 Soccer League (which later traded as the professional Premier Soccer League). The stadium has also hosted large continental club fixtures. It is largely remembered as the venue where Bafana Bafana lifted the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations when they beat Tunisia 2-0 in front of a full capacity in a match witnessed by then South African president, Nelson Mandela, his then deputy president and former South African State President, FW de Klerk, as well as Zulu monarch, King Zwelithini. The South African national football team also won their first ever trophy here when they lifted the Simba Four Nations Cup

This is a document about 1996 African Cup of Nations qualification
 each; their results were annulled. Central African Republic withdrew without playing any match. "Match awarded 2–0 to Algeria following a protest to CAF." South Africa withdrew from qualification (played 3 matches) after they were awarded hosting rights. They were replaced by Kenya, which later withdrew.<br> Madagascar withdrew after one match (lost to South Africa). Seychelles withdrew before playing any match. All results of the withdrawn teams were annulled. Benin, Cape Verde and Equatorial Guinea withdrew without playing any matches. <nowiki>*</nowiki> 1996 African Cup of Nations qualification The Qualification for the 1996 African Cup of Nations took place in 7 groups

This is a document about Soccer in South Africa
 in their final game of the group stage, they failed to progress from the first round of the tournament, becoming the first host nation to do so. South Africa had hosted the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2009. The team's highest achievement was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. The men's development team is made up mainly of players from South Africa's lower leagues. The team plays matches in the COSAFA Cup and African Nations Championship. The women's team has played at nine African Women's Championships and had a best finish of second place, which it accomplished

This is a document about New Zealand national rugby union team
 when Maori players were accepted as "honorary whites". (See Halt All Racist Tours.) The 1976 All Blacks tour of apartheid South Africa generated much controversy and led to the boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal by 33 African nations after the IOC refused to ban the team. New Zealand again failed to win the test series in South Africa: they did not do so until 1996, after the fall of apartheid and the introduction of neutral referees. The 1976 tour contributed to the Gleneagles Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth Heads of State in 1977. The 1981 South

This is a document about Ian McLeod (referee)
 Ian McLeod (referee) Ian McLeod (5 March 1954 – 26 October 2017) was a South African football referee. His other occupation was as a headmaster in school teaching. He became a FIFA referee in 1993. In 1996, he was selected for the African Nations Cup in South Africa, controlling only one game, the 2-0 win by Algeria over Sierra Leone on 18 January 1996. He handled two matches in the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup - Saudi Arabia versus Mexico on 14 December 1997, and Brazil against Mexico on 16 December 1997. McLeod took charge of two matches in the 1998

This is a document about Africa Futsal Cup of Nations
 Africa Futsal Cup of Nations The Total Africa Futsal Cup of Nations, (known as the African Futsal Championship until 2015 and now named Total CAF Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) is the main national futsal competition of the Confederation of African Football nations. It was first held in 1996 and has been played every four years. It is a qualification to FIFA Futsal World Cup. On 6 August 2015, the CAF Executive Committee decided to change the name of the tournament from the African Futsal Championship to the Africa Futsal Cup of Nations, similar to the football's version, Africa Cup

This is a document about Ian McLeod (referee)
 in July 2007. He is also chairman of the South African Football Association Technical Committee. A few years after his retirement he joined Crawford Preparatory Pretoria where he was the principal and had passed away on Thursday 26 October 2017. Ian McLeod (referee) Ian McLeod (5 March 1954 – 26 October 2017) was a South African football referee. His other occupation was as a headmaster in school teaching. He became a FIFA referee in 1993. In 1996, he was selected for the African Nations Cup in South Africa, controlling only one game, the 2-0 win by Algeria over Sierra Leone

This is a document about South Africa national soccer team
  The South Africa national football team represents South Africa in men's international soccer and it is run by the South African Football Association, the governing body for Soccer in South Africa. The team's nickname is Bafana Bafana, and South Africa's home ground is FNB Stadium, which is located in Johannesburg. The team's greatest result was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. The team is a member of both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF). Having played their first match in 1906, they returned to the world stage in 1992, after 16 years of being banned from FIFA, and 40 years of effective suspension due to the apartheid system. South Africa

South Africa won the African Cup of Nations in 1996.


Question: who sings the goldie and bear theme song

Answer: Rob Cantor

This is a document about Goldie & Bear
 Goldie & Bear Goldie & Bear is an American animated preschool television series which began on September 12, 2015. The show was created for Disney Junior by Jorge Aguirre and Rick Gitelson. It was directed by Chris Gilligan and produced using CGI animation. It featured songs by Rob Cantor and score by Greg Nicolett and Gregory James Jenkins. Season one was produced by Milk Barn Animation and lasted from September 12, 2015 to August 15, 2016. The show was renewed for a second season in 2016 that premiered on September 18, 2017 and ended on October 1, 2018. On June

This is a document about Goldie & Bear
 premiered on Disney Junior on September 12, 2015 in the U.S, and in Canada on the Disney Junior block on Disney Channel on September 18, 2015, and TVNZ2 in New Zealand. 1. Just Right – December 1, 2015 Home media is distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. Goldie & Bear Goldie & Bear is an American animated preschool television series which began on September 12, 2015. The show was created for Disney Junior by Jorge Aguirre and Rick Gitelson. It was directed by Chris Gilligan and produced using CGI animation. It featured songs by Rob Cantor and score by

This is a document about Goldie & Bear
  Goldie & Bear is an American animated preschool television series which began on September 12, 2015. The show was created for Disney Junior by Jorge Aguirre and Rick Gitelson. It was directed by Chris Gilligan and produced using CGI animation. It featured songs by Rob Cantor and score by Greg Nicolett and Gregory James Jenkins. Season one was produced by Milk Barn Animation and lasted from September 12, 2015 to August 15, 2016. The show was renewed for a second season in 2016, which was produced by Titmouse, Inc, that ran from September 18, 2017 to October 1, 2018.

This is a document about Old Bear Stories
  The theme tune was composed by Paul Castle and consists of the lyrics: Please read us a story Old Bear, we'll all gather round Dear Old Bear. Sit in your favourite chair, We'll sit all around, all around dear Old Bear. Listen The harmony vocals were provided by Alison Goldfrapp of the band Goldfrapp.

This is a document about Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere
  The theme song was written by Toni Baker and Peter Kay, and borrowed heavily from the theme to the 1970s American series B. J. and the Bear. The lyrics are "Don't know where we're going, Got no way of knowing, Driving on the Road to Nowhere. Sponging for a living, Checkin' out the women, Riding on the Road to Nowhere... And we don't take shit from anyone, The only thing we wanna do is have some fun. It's Max and Paddy (Paddy and Max!), And best of all, we don't pay council tax!". Singer Tony Christie was to sing the show's theme, but his version was only used once, at the very end of the final episode. Kay and McGuinness themselves sang it in the opening sequences of episodes 2 to 6. Episode 1's opening theme is instrumental and episodes 1 - 5's closing themes are too.

This is a document about Adventures of the Gummi Bears
  The show is well-remembered for its theme music, written by Michael and Patty Silversher, and for the "gummiberry juice", a type of magic potion granting the bears the ability to bounce away from their foes. When given to humans, however, the juice temporarily grants them superhuman strength. The theme song was performed by Joseph Williams. The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991. In later years, it was shown on The Disney Channel (from October 7, 1991) to at least January 1997 and later on Toon Disney, with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28, 2001. Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14, 2006. On November 12, 2019, the series was released on Disney+.

This is a document about The Man with the Golden Gun (film)
  The theme tune to The Man with the Golden Gun, released in 1974, was performed by Scottish singer Lulu and composed by John Barry. Tony Bramwell, who worked for Harry Saltzman's music publishing company Hilary Music, wanted Elton John or Cat Stevens to sing the title song. However, by this time the producers were taking turns producing the films; Albert Broccoli—whose turn it was to produce—rejected Bramwell's suggestions. The lyrics to the Lulu song were written by Don Black and have been described variously as "ludicrous", "inane" and "one long stream of smut", because of their sexual innuendo. Bramwell subsequently dismissed the Barry-Lulu tune as "mundane". Alice Cooper wrote a song titled "Man with the Golden Gun" to be used by the producers of

This is a document about Big Bad Wolf
  falling into the Rivers of America. The Big Bad Wolf now appears in the Disney Junior preschool series Goldie & Bear also voiced by Jim Cummings. In the show he is called Big Bad Wolf or Big Bad (his real name is Aloysius.) He also has a new design where his black fur is now a light mixture of brown and grey and he wears an orange shirt with two green buttons. Like the original shorts Mickey Mouse Works and House Of Mouse in this show he is still in his evil ways like scaring people stealing making trouble and being rude.

This is a document about Pee-wee's Playhouse
  example when Pee-wee jumps into the Magic Screen), as well as inserted clay animation sequences (some made by Aardman Animations, who would later make Wallace & Gromit) and excerpts from cartoons from the Golden Age of American animation and in the public domain, usually presented by the character "The King of Cartoons". Each episode features specially written soundtrack music by rock and pop musicians such as Mark Mothersbaugh (Devo), Todd Rundgren, Mitchell Froom, and The Residents. The show's theme song performance is credited to "Ellen Shaw", though in her autobiography, Cyndi Lauper admits to being the actual singer. The show has many recurring gags, themes, and devices. Each episode usually contained a running gag particular to that episode, or a specific

This is a document about Play School (Australian TV series)
  The Play School theme song, "There's a Bear in There", was composed by Australian composer Richard Connolly, with lyrics by Rosemary Milne. "There's a bear in there, and a chair as well. There are people with games, and stories to tell. Open wide, come inside; it's Play School." in 2016, the song was remixed by Andre Butterworth aka Copycatt as the winner of the Triple J Play School remix competition which, along with two other remixes by KLP and Jondrette Den respectively, appeared on the Play School album Famous Friends: Celebrating 50 Years of Play School. In 2017 "There's a Bear in There" was inducted into the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry.

This is a document about Goldilocks and the Three Bears
  was first released in 1970 as DL-3511 by Decca Custom Records for a special promotion of Evans-Black Carpets by Armstrong. When the promotion period had expired, the album was re-released by Disneyland Records as ST-3889 with an accompanying 12-page storybook. The recording is particularly important to the Bing Crosby career as he recorded commercial tracks in every year from 1926 to 1977 and this album represents his only recording work for 1969. ; In 2014, MC Frontalot released a hip-hop rendition of the story as part of the album, Question Bedtime, in which the narrator warns the three bears of a ruthless woman called Gold Locks who hunts and eats bear cubs. An official music video was uploaded in 2015. ; In 2016, professional wrestler Bray Wyatt read a dark version to Edge and Christian.

This is a document about ISIRTA songs
 sung by Bill Oddie ; Play: "Teddy and Rupert Bear"

This is a document about Oren Waters
 Brother Bear - Singer/Additional Voices

This is a document about The Complete Christmas Collection 1958–2010
  vocals (track 5) ; The kids from St. Michael's School, North Hollywood – backing vocals (track 5) ; Recording dates ; January 3, 1958 – track 24 ; July 1986 – tracks 1–10 ; 2001 – track 11 ; 2002 – tracks 12–21 ; 2006 – track 22 ; 2009–2010 – track 23 a. "Christmas Is for Everyone" (Richard Loring, Dorothy Wayne) b. "Where Can I Find Christmas?" from The Bear Who Slept Through Christmas (Doug Goodwin) a. "Every Christmas Eve" (Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini) b. "Giving (Santa's Theme)" (Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini) a. "Caroling, Caroling" (Alfred Burt, Wilha Hutson) b. "Happy Holiday" from Holiday Inn (Irving Berlin)

This is a document about The Berenstain Bears Play Ball
  The 25-minute special was created and written by Stan and Jan Berenstain and featured original music composed and conducted by Emmy-winning musician Elliot Lawrence, with lyrics provided by Stan Berenstain. The score included three original songs. It was the last of five Berenstain Bears animated specials that aired on NBC from 1979 to 1983. Some of the production staff would continue to work on the next adaptation: 1985's The Berenstain Bears Show, including Joe Cates and Buzz Potamkin. Elliott Lawrence continues to score music for the episodes which are based on his compositions from the five specials, although faster pace. While they no longer break out in song, the theme music (matching part of Stars and Stripes Forever) resembles the song lyrics from the specials. The program is now produced by Southern Star with new voice actors.

This is a document about Goldilocks and the Three Bears
  their garage to check on the status of the family Hummers. Mama Bear and Papa Bear are relieved that both vehicles are still in place, but Baby Bear is distraught to find his missing as the camera cuts away to Goldilocks (in this version portrayed by a very attractive young woman) rakishly smiling as she makes her getaway in Baby Bear's Hummer down a scenic mountain road. ; Disney Junior's Goldie & Bear premiered in 2016. The tale is set after the events of the story where Goldilocks (voiced by Natalie Lander) and Jack Bear (voiced by Georgie Kidder) eventually became best friends.

This is a document about Jon Arthur
  At WSAI in Cincinnati, Arthur began the Big Jon and Sparkie show, carried daily on 181 ABC stations beginning in 1950. ABC also aired his two-hour Saturday show, No School Today, heard weekly by 12 million listeners on 275 stations. The show's theme song was "Teddy Bears' Picnic" as sung by Ann Stephens. Cincinnati's Don Kortekamp, who was an editor at WSAI, teamed up with Arthur to become the scriptwriter of Big Jon and Sparkie. Arthur originally created the character of Sparkie as a young scamp who would interrupt him while he was on the air. WSAI's station manager asked Kortekamp and Arthur to expand this into

This is a document about Goldilocks (album)
 Bing Crosby (Himself/Papa Bear) ; Kathryn Crosby (Herself/Mama Bear) ; Mary Frances Crosby (Herself/Goldilocks) ; Nathaniel Crosby (Himself/Baby Bear) ; Avery Schreiber (Forest Animals) and ; Paul Winchell (Narrator, Bob Cat, Animals) Goldilocks is a 12" soundtrack vinyl album taken from the live-action/animated De-Patie-Freleng TV film Goldilocks shown on NBC on March 31, 1970. It was first released in 1970 as DL-3511 by Disneyland Records for a special promotion of Evans-Black Carpets by Armstrong. The album could be purchased for $2.25. When the promotion period had expired, the album was re-released by Disneyland Records as ST-3889 with an accompanying 12-page storybook. The recording is particularly important to the Bing Crosby career as he recorded commercial tracks in every year from 1926 to

This is a document about Josie and the Pussycats (TV series)
  The show's theme song, titled "Josie and the Pussycats", was written by Hoyt Curtin, William Hanna (under the pseudonym "Denby Williams") and Joseph Barbera (under the pseudonym "Joseph Roland"). The theme song was based on melodies from an incidental tune that had been played on various Hanna-Barbera cartoons since The Jetsons. A cover of "Josie and the Pussycats" performed by Juliana Hatfield and Tanya Donelly is included on the 1995 tribute album Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, produced by Ralph Sall for MCA Records. The theme song was also covered on the soundtrack for the 2001 live-action film based on the comic book series.

The Goldie and Bear theme song is sung by Alison Goldfrapp.


Question: who was punished for the my lai massacre

Answer: William Laws Calley Jr.

This is a document about William Calley
 William Calley William Laws Calley Jr. (born June 8, 1943) is a former United States Army officer convicted by court-martial of murdering 22 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians in the My Lai Massacre on March 16, 1968, during the Vietnam War. While not technically exonerated, after three and a half years of house arrest, Calley was released pursuant to a ruling by federal judge J. Robert Elliott who found that Calley's trial had been prejudiced by pre-trial publicity, denial of subpoenas of certain defense witnesses, refusal of the United States House of Representatives to release testimony taken in executive session of

This is a document about United States war crimes
  The My Lai massacre was the mass murder of 347 to 504 unarmed citizens in South Vietnam, almost entirely civilians, most of them women and children, conducted by U.S. soldiers from the Company C of the 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the 23rd (American) Infantry Division, on 16 March 1968. Some of the victims were raped, beaten, tortured, or maimed, and some of the bodies were found mutilated. The massacre took place in the hamlets of Mỹ Lai and My Khe of Sơn Mỹ village during the Vietnam War. Of the 26 U.S. soldiers initially charged with criminal offenses or war crimes for actions at My Lai, only William Calley

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  The Mỹ Lai massacre (Thảm sát Mỹ Lai ) was the mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam, on 16 March 1968 during the Vietnam War. Between 347 and 504 unarmed people were killed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment and Company B, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated, as were children as young as 12. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a

This is a document about 23rd Infantry Division (United States)
  of 22 Vietnamese civilians. President Richard Nixon soon intervened and on 1 April 1971 ordered Calley transferred from Fort Leavenworth to house arrest at Fort Benning, pending his appeal. Calley, the only person convicted for the slaughter of hundreds innocent Vietnamese civilians at My Lai, eventually served only three and half years of house arrest and was released in September 1974. The brigade responsible for the My Lai Massacre, the 11th Brigade, had seen the replacement Brigadier General John W. Donaldson be tried for shooting civilians from helicopters on 13 separate incidents. Donaldson was the highest-ranking officer to undergo court-martial during

This is a document about United States in the Vietnam War
  the killings, but only Calley was convicted. He was given a life sentence by a court-martial in 1970, but after numerous appeals, he was finally set free; he had served just over three years of house arrest. Although My Lai generated a lot of civilian recriminations and bad publicity for the military, it was not the only massacre. The Vietnam War Crimes Working Group Files made public in 1994 by the "Freedom of Information Act" reveals seven, albeit much smaller, massacres previously unacknowledged by the Pentagon, in which at least 137 civilians had died.Civilian Killings Went Unpunished Cover-ups may have occurred in other cases, as detailed in the Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles concerning the Tiger Force of the 101st Airborne Division by the Toledo Blade in 2003.

This is a document about United States Disciplinary Barracks
 Michael Behenna – Convicted of killing Iraqi prisoner Ali Mansur Mohamed while deployed to Iraq in 2008. Behenna was sentenced to 15 years of confinement, and was granted parole on 14 March 2014, after serving five years of his sentence. President Donald Trump granted him a full pardon on 6 May 2019. ; William Calley – Convicted for his part in the My Lai Massacre. Originally given a life sentence, President Richard Nixon ordered the Army to transfer him from Fort Leavenworth to house arrest in Fort Benning one day after he was sentenced. ; Charles Graner – Convicted of prisoner abuse in

This is a document about David Zeiger
  Zeiger's My Lai Massacre documents the Vietnam War mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam, on 16 March 1968. Between 347 and 504 unarmed people were killed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment and Company B, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated, as were children as young as 12. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but served only three and a half years under house arrest. Zeiger reveals what he calls a "secret" of the Vietnam War, that My Lai was not unusual for U.S. forces but actually routine. He quotes Army Specialist 5 Ronald L. Ridenhour, who wrote a letter in March 1969 to thirty members of Congress imploring them to investigate the massacre, as saying "this was an operation, not an aberration."

This is a document about 1970 in the Vietnam War
  the U.S. Embassy, was extradited to the U.S. and served seven years in prison, while McKay sought refuge with the Khmer Rouge who apparently killed him. A U.S. Navy EC-121 Warning Star crashed on landing at Da Nang Air Base. The aircraft struck a hangar and caught fire killing 22 of the 31-man crew. The Peers Commission presented their report on the Mỹ Lai massacre. The report found that members of the 23rd Infantry Division had killed at least 175–200 Vietnamese men, women and children and that senior officers at brigade and divisional levels had participated in covering-up the incident. The Cambodian National Assembly voted to remove Sihanouk from power with Lon

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  sentence, but served three-and-a-half years under house arrest. This war crime, which was later called "the most shocking episode of the Vietnam War", took place in two hamlets of Sơn Mỹ village in Quảng Ngãi Province. These hamlets were marked on the U.S. Army topographic maps as Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê. The U.S. Army slang name for the hamlets and sub-hamlets in that area was Pinkville, and the carnage was initially referred to as the Pinkville Massacre. Later, when the U.S. Army started its investigation, the media changed it to the Massacre at Songmy. Currently, the event is referred to as the Mỹ Lai Massacre in the United States and called the Sơn Mỹ Massacre in Vietnam. The incident prompted global outrage when

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  On the whole, aside from the Mỹ Lai courts-martial, there were 36 military trials held by the U.S. Army from January 1965 to August 1973 for crimes against civilians in Vietnam. Some authors have argued that the light punishments of the low-level personnel present at Mỹ Lai and unwillingness to hold higher officials responsible was part of a pattern in which the body-count strategy and the so-called "Mere Gook Rule" encouraged U.S. soldiers to err on the side of killing suspected Vietnamese enemies even if there was a very good chance that they were civilians. This in turn, Nick Turse argues, made lesser known massacres like Mỹ Lai and a pattern of war crimes common in Vietnam.

This is a document about Hugh Thompson Jr.
  long period of rehabilitation. When news of the massacre publicly broke, Thompson repeated his account to then-Colonel William Wilson and then-Lieutenant General William Peers during their official Pentagon investigations. In late-1969, Thompson was summoned to Washington, DC to appear before a special closed hearing of the House Armed Services Committee. There, he was sharply criticized by congressmen, in particular Chairman Mendel Rivers (D-S.C.), who were anxious to play down allegations of a massacre by American troops. Rivers publicly stated that he felt Thompson was the only soldier at Mỹ Lai who should be punished (for turning his weapons on fellow American troops) and unsuccessfully attempted

This is a document about William Calley
  sentenced to life imprisonment and hard labor at Fort Leavenworth, which includes the United States Disciplinary Barracks, the Department of Defense's only maximum security prison. Calley was the only one convicted of the 26 officers and soldiers initially charged for their part in the Mỹ Lai massacre or the subsequent cover-up. Many observers saw My Lai as a direct result of the military's attrition strategy with its emphasis on body counts and kill ratios. Many in the United States were outraged by what they perceived to be an overly harsh sentence for Calley. Georgia's Governor, Jimmy Carter, future President of the United States, instituted American Fighting

This is a document about William Calley
  The events in My Lai were initially covered up by the U.S. Army. In April 1969, nearly 13 months after the massacre, Ron Ridenhour, a GI who had been with the 11th Brigade, wrote letters to the President, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of Defense and 30 members of Congress. In these letters, Ridenhour described some of the atrocities committed by the soldiers at My Lai that he had been told about. Calley was charged on September 5, 1969, with six specifications of premeditated murder for the deaths of 109 South Vietnamese civilians near the village of Sơn Mỹ, at a hamlet called

This is a document about Post-conflict reception of war criminals
  Twenty soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military honor, for alleged "gallantry" and "bravery" during the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre in which hundreds of Lakota civilians were killed. In 2019, Senators Elizabeth Warren and Jeff Merkley introduced a bill to revoke the medals. Only one United States soldier was convicted for the 1968 My Lai massacre of between 347 and 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians by U.S. Army units. However, Seymour Hersch's reporting on the massacre, "I sent them a good boy and they made him a murderer", won the Pulitzer Prize. President Donald Trump's use of pardon powers to pardon soldiers convicted of or charged with war crimes has attracted criticism. According to law professor Stuart Ford, some of the pardons are illegal under international law, which requires that countries hold war criminals accountable.

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  the intention of raping them. When the women refused, he reportedly shot at them. ; PFC Varnado Simpson – Rifleman; 2nd Platoon; admitted that he slew around 10 people in My Lai on CPT Medina's orders to kill not only people, but even cats and dogs. He fired at a group of people where he allegedly saw a man with a weapon, but instead killed a woman with a baby. He committed suicide in 1997, after repeatedly acknowledging remorse for several murders in Mỹ Lai. ; SGT Kenneth Hodges, squad leader, was charged with rape and murder during the My Lai Massacre. In every interview given he strictly claimed that he was following orders.

This is a document about William Calley
  Lai, called simply "My Lai" in the United States press. As many as 500 villagers – mostly women, children, infants, and the elderly – had been systematically killed by U.S. soldiers during a bloody rampage on March 16, 1968. Upon conviction, Calley could have faced the death penalty. On November 12, 1969, investigative reporters Seymour Hersh and Wayne Greenhaw broke the story and revealed that Calley had been charged with murdering 109 South Vietnamese. Calley's trial started on November 17, 1970. It was the military prosecution's contention that Calley, in defiance of the rules of engagement, ordered his men to deliberately murder unarmed Vietnamese civilians, even though

This is a document about March 1968
 The My Lai Massacre took place as Company C of the First Battalion of the U.S. Army's 20th Infantry Regiment killed 504 women, children and elderly men in Xom Lang, a small portion of the Son My village, and which U.S. military maps had identified as "My Lai (4)", within South Vietnam's Quang Nam province. Other estimates given are "between 347 and 504 Vietnamese civilians" were killed" The Army would cover up the incident for more than a year until a helicopter pilot who had seen the aftermath, Ron Ridenour, was told about the massacre at "Pinkville" by other members of Company C. After confirming the story with other company members, Ridenour, in turn, would notify his Arizona congressman, Morris K. Udall, the following March, and

This is a document about Samuel W. Koster
  On March 16, 1968, a company of Americal Division troops led by Captain Ernest Medina and Lieutenant William Calley slaughtered hundreds of civilians in a South Vietnamese hamlet known as My Lai (referred to as "Pinkville" by the troops). While no official count was made, soldiers and investigators later estimated that 350 to 500 women, children and old men were killed with grenades, rifles, bayonets, and machine guns; some were burned to death in their huts. Corpses were piled in ditches that became mass graves. No Viet Cong were ever discovered in the village and no shots were fired in opposition. To many Americans at home, the massacre marked the moral nadir of the war in Southeast Asia and became a pivotal event in the conflict.

This is a document about 23rd Infantry Division (United States)
  of Staff of the United States Army and U.S. Army Europe Commander ; Frederick Lippitt ; Finnis Dawson McCleery, Medal of Honor recipient 14 May 1968 action ; Thomas Joseph McMahon, Medal of Honor recipient 19 March 1969 action ; Ernest Medina, infamous participant in My Lai Massacre ; Marc W. Miller ; Robert Charles Murray, Medal of Honor recipient 14 May 1969 action ; Tim O'Brien, 1969–70 ; Colin Powell, 1968–70, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ; Robert Joseph Pruden, Medal of Honor recipient 29 November 1969 action ; Tom Ridge, 1969–70 ; H. Norman Schwarzkopf, 1969–70 ; James

This is a document about June 1968
  Frank A. Barker, 40, was killed in a helicopter crash in South Vietnam. Three months earlier, Barker had ordered a U.S. Army task force to clear the area around My Lai, where the My Lai Massacre of 347 civilians at Song My village had taken place on March 16.  "Whether or not Barker directly ordered the deliberate killing of noncombatants," a historian would write later, a U.S. Army Captain under his command would testify before a board of inquiry "that Barker had instructed him to destroy the hamlet known as My Lai".  The board would conclude that Barker "was culpable of at least 11 violations of army regulations, some of which were considered war crimes".

William Calley was the only soldier convicted for the My Lai massacre, receiving a life sentence, but he was later released on house arrest after serving only three and a half years. Other soldiers involved in the massacre were also charged and convicted, but their sentences were much lighter than Calley's. The highest-ranking officer, Brigadier General Donald W. Blackburn, was only court-martialed for the September 1974 shooting of civilians.


Question: where does the money for subsidies come from

Answer: government

This is a document about Subsidy
 Subsidy A subsidy or government incentive is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or institution, business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy. Although commonly extended from government, the term subsidy can relate to any type of support – for example from NGOs or as implicit subsidies. Subsidies come in various forms including: direct (cash grants, interest-free loans) and indirect (tax breaks, insurance, low-interest loans, accelerated depreciation, rent rebates). Furthermore, they can be broad or narrow, legal or illegal, ethical or unethical. The most common forms of subsidies are

This is a document about Seed money
 SMEs can often benefit from the Eureka programme, which federates SMEs and research organisations, such as universities. Government programmes are often tied to political initiatives, for example greentrustwind.co.uk, a means by which the UK place subsidies in the green sector, or the Energy Saving Trust, designed to draw attention to energy conservation. Seed money may also come from product crowdfunding or from financial bootstrapping, rather than an equity offering. Bootstrapping in this context means making use of the cash flow of an existing enterprise, such as in the case of Chitika and Cidewalk. Seed money Seed money, sometimes known as

This is a document about Water Utilities Corporation (Botswana)
 enforce extremely harsh restrictions on use of water. The WUC charges are based on monthly usage and aim to recover production and transport costs. They are reduced by subsidies that favor rural users and low-volume users. There are perverse incentives in the WUC's economic model. The WUC earns money from selling water, so does not have an incentive to conserve the resource. Prices and subsidies are automatically set to cover costs, removing the incentive to contain cost and minimize leaks. Many of the WUC's main customers are government-funded, and can pass on their water costs to the taxpayer. Subsidies are

This is a document about Party subsidies
 Rome and Milan, for the Italian Democratic Party, which included, among the dinner guests, In Italy however political parties keep receiving money even if the state financing was abolished, James Pallotta. Critics of party subsidies argue that party subsidies: Party subsidies Party subsidies or public funding of political parties are subsidies paid by the government directly to a political party to fund some or all of its political activities. Most democracies (in one way or the other) provide cash grants (state aid) from taxpayers' money, the general revenue fund, for party activity. Such funds may cover routine or campaign costs

This is a document about Self-supply of water and sanitation
 incremental improvement of these services. It is a market-based approach and commonly does not involve product subsidies. "Self-supply" is different from "supported self-supply." The first term refers to situations where people improving their water and sanitation services on their own. "Supported self-supply" refers to a deliberately guided process, usually by a government agency or a non-governmental organization. Many examples of self-supply taking off in a short time come from situations where government-led service provision broke down (e.g., in countries of the former Soviet Union). The approach can also be deliberately used by government agencies or external support agencies to complement

This is a document about Political positions of Ron Paul
 in the Green Scissors campaign. However, when asked by a different interviewer a few months later to discuss his Green Scissors involvement, Paul did not know what the interviewer was talking about. Paul says that he opposes and votes against subsidies for oil and gas companies. However, unlike many others in government, industry, and the newsmedia, Paul does not include tax credits or tax deductions in his definition of subsidies. He uses the term "subsidy" only in the very narrow sense of a direct grant of money from the government to a company. Paul voted on multiple occasions in 2007—2012

This is a document about Party subsidies
 Party subsidies Party subsidies or public funding of political parties are subsidies paid by the government directly to a political party to fund some or all of its political activities. Most democracies (in one way or the other) provide cash grants (state aid) from taxpayers' money, the general revenue fund, for party activity. Such funds may cover routine or campaign costs incurred by the party. Among the established democracies the United States (the Presidential Fund takes money from the general fund of the US government only after authorized by a statement indicated upon a taxpayers tax return), Switzerland and India

This is a document about Stadium subsidy
 Stadium subsidy A stadium subsidy is a type of government subsidy given to professional sports franchises to help finance the construction or renovation of a sports venue. Stadium subsidies can come in the form of tax-free municipal bonds, cash payments, long-term tax exemptions, infrastructure improvements, and operating cost subsidies. Funding for stadium subsidies can come from all levels of government and remains controversial among legislators and citizens. There is an ongoing debate among economists and municipalities about the aggregate effects of hosting a professional athletic team. Eighty years ago, stadium subsidies were essentially unheard of, with funding for professional sports

This is a document about Water supply and sanitation in India
 of subsidies for water and sanitation in India. It has been estimated that transfers to the water sector in India amounted to per year in the mid-1990s, accounting for 4% of all government subsidies in India. About 98% of this subsidy is said to come from State rather than Central budgets. This figure may only cover recurrent cost subsidies and not investment subsidies, which are even higher (see below). There is little targeting of subsidies. According to the World Bank, 70% of those benefiting from subsidies for public water supply are not poor, while 40% of the poor are excluded

This is a document about Welfare in Finland
 all Finns equal access to health care, regardless of their income or where they lived. Because most services of health centers were free, subsidies from the national government were required to augment the financial resources of municipalities. The subsidies varied according to the wealth of the municipality and ranged roughly from 30 to 65 percent of costs. By the mid-1980s, about 40 percent of the money spent on health went for primary care, compared with 10 percent in 1972. Health care centers were responsible for routine care such as health counseling, examinations, and screening for communicable diseases; they also provided

This is a document about Aid
 will not buy clothing from local tailors, putting the tailors out of business. In an episode of "20/20", John Stossel demonstrated the existence of secret government bank accounts which concealed foreign aid money destined for private purposes. Some believe that aid is offset by other economic programs such as agricultural subsidies. Mark Malloch Brown, former head of the United Nations Development Program, estimated that farm subsidies cost poor countries about US$50 billion a year in lost agricultural exports: It is the extraordinary distortion of global trade, where the West spends $360 billion a year on protecting its agriculture with a

This is a document about Stadium subsidy
 effects from a particular spending plan. A review of the empirical literature assessing the effects of subsidies for professional sports franchises and facilities reveals that most evidence goes against sports subsidies. Specifically, subsidies cannot be justified on the grounds of local economic development, income growth or job creation. Stadium subsidy A stadium subsidy is a type of government subsidy given to professional sports franchises to help finance the construction or renovation of a sports venue. Stadium subsidies can come in the form of tax-free municipal bonds, cash payments, long-term tax exemptions, infrastructure improvements, and operating cost subsidies. Funding for stadium

This is a document about Mexicali
 price guarantees and subsidies make wheat farmer protests an annual event. There is an annual agri-business fair, which if unfunded by public money given to by the government, it would have been dead a decade ago, named AGROBAJA,Agrobaja in March of every year, drawing people by the thousands, from all over Mexico and before the crisis, from the United States. The current prospects for economic growth in Mexicali rely on in-bond and assembly plants (maquiladoras), which come due to low wages and loose worker right laws, include companies like, Selther, Daewoo Electronics, Mitsubishi, Honeywell, Paccar, Vitro, Skyworks Solutions, CareFusion, Bosch,

This is a document about Transfer payment
 Transfer payment In economics, a transfer payment (or government transfer or simply transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth (payment) made without goods or services being received in return. These payments are considered to be non-exhaustive because they do not directly absorb resources or create output. Examples of transfer payments include welfare, financial aid, social security, and government making subsidies for certain businesses (firms). For the purposes of calculating gross domestic product (GDP), government spending does not include transfer payments – the reallocation of money from one party to another – which includes Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, welfare

This is a document about Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
 from $53 million to $110 million. The mill was losing $100 on every ton of linerboard it produced by 1976, and needed government subsidies to stay afloat. The province closed the mill, owned by the Crown corporation Labrador Linerboard Limited, in August 1977 and sold the mill to Abitibi-Price Ltd. for $43.5 million. The Come By Chance Refinery also cost the government millions of dollars in loans, including $60 million in 1975. The refinery was $42 million in debt to the province when it filed for bankruptcy in 1976. With so much money and resources being spent on industrial projects,

This is a document about Media of China
 subsidies from the government, and are expected to cover their expenses through commercial advertising. They can no longer merely serve as mouthpieces of the government, but also need to attract advertising through programming that people find attractive. While the government issues directives defining what can be published, it does not prevent, and in fact encourages outlets to compete for viewers and advertising. The era of Government control over the Mainland Chinese media, however, has not come to an end. For example, the Government utilises financial incentives to manipulate journalists. Recently, though, the Government's command over the nation's media has begun

This is a document about Debt consolidation
 not change that rate. If the student combines loans of different types and rates into one new consolidation loan, a weighted average calculation will establish the appropriate rate based on the then-current interest rates of the different loans being consolidated together. Federal student loan consolidation is often referred to as refinancing, which is incorrect because the loan rates are not changed, merely locked in. Unlike private sector debt consolidation, student loan consolidation does not incur any fees for the borrower; private companies make money on student loan consolidation by reaping subsidies from the federal government. In the UK student loan

This is a document about Decentralization
 enforcement is exclusively the domain of member states. In Finland, the Centre Party explicitly supports decentralization. For example, government departments have been moved from the capital Helsinki to the provinces. The Centre supports substantial subsidies that limit potential economic and political centralization to Helsinki . Political decentralization does not come without its drawbacks. A study by Fan concludes that there is an increase in corruption and rent-seeking when there are more vertical tiers in the government, as well as when there are higher levels of subnational government employment. Other studies warn of high-level politicians that may intentionally deprive regional and

This is a document about Rent-seeking
 only to the tune of ten million dollars, which is about 1% of the gain to the rent-seeker. Luigi Zingales frames it by asking, "Why is there so little money in politics?" because a naive model of political bribery and/or campaign spending should result in beneficiaries of government subsidies being willing to spend an amount up to the value of the subsidies themselves, when in fact only a small fraction of that is spent. Several possible explanations have been offered for the Tullock paradox: An example of rent-seeking in a modern economy is spending money on lobbying for government subsidies

This is a document about Rail subsidies
 added domestically, with a goal of better connecting existing domestic track with other foreign railway systems. The Indian railways are subsidised by around Rs 400 billion ($5.8 billion), of which around 60% of which goes to commuter rail and short-haul trips. Current subsidies for Amtrak (passenger rail) are around $1.4 billion. The rail freight industry does not receive direct subsidies. In total, Russian Railways receives 112 billion rubles (around US$1.5 billion) annually from the government. The privatized rail network in Japan requires few subsidies. The three biggest companies, JR East, JR Central and JR-West (which account for 60% of the

Subsidies can come from various sources, including government budgets, tax revenues, and in some cases, private enterprises or crowdfunding. The specific source depends on the type of subsidy and the organization providing it. For example, government subsidies are funded through tax revenues, while crowdfunding subsidies come from individual donors.


Question: most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose

Answer: Paracetamol poisoning

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
 Paracetamol poisoning Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen). Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24 hours following overdose. This may include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea. This is typically followed by a couple of days without any symptoms after which yellowish skin, blood clotting problems, and confusion occurs as a result of liver failure. Additional complications may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and lactic acidosis. If death does not occur, people tend to recover fully over a couple of weeks. Without treatment

This is a document about NAPQI
 for NAPQI poisoning (usually secondary to paracetamol poisoning) is "N"-acetylcysteine. It can be given in large amounts without side-effects. The amino acid methionine can also be used effectively as an antidote for NAPQI toxicity. NAPQI NAPBQI ("N"-acetyl-"p"-benzoquinone imine) is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver. However, under some conditions in which NAPQI is not effectively detoxified (usually in the case of paracetamol overdose), it causes severe damage to the liver. This becomes apparent 3–4 days after ingestion

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
 found that paracetamol was the cause of 41% of all cases in adults, and 25% of cases in children. Paracetamol poisoning Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen). Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24 hours following overdose. This may include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea. This is typically followed by a couple of days without any symptoms after which yellowish skin, blood clotting problems, and confusion occurs as a result of liver failure. Additional complications may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and

This is a document about Cheese (recreational drug)
  each drugs overdose to manifest. The acetaminophen content of the drug induces severe, irreversible damage to the liver when taken in high doses for long periods of time. Very high doses of acetaminophen are capable of producing acute liver failure and death within hours, and patients who survive this acute phase of the toxicity generally require dialysis and eventually a liver transplant. Due to the many methods of preparation a user can not know how much acetaminophen is in any given batch and therefore can not reliably determine a safe dose. A dose of the last batch which produced no toxic effects may produce lethal effects in the next batch.

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen). Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24 hours following overdose. These include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea. This is typically followed by a couple of days without any symptoms, after which yellowish skin, blood clotting problems, and confusion occurs as a result of liver failure. Additional complications may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and lactic acidosis. If death does not occur, people tend to recover fully over a couple of weeks. Without treatment, death from toxicity occurs 4 to 18 days later. Paracetamol poisoning can occur accidentally or as an attempt to end one's life. Risk

This is a document about Antiarthritics
  Hepatotoxicity is often associated with the overdose of acetaminophen causing acute liver failure. The maximum recommended daily dosage for an adult is 4000 mg.

This is a document about Butalbital/acetaminophen
  Butalbital exerts its toxicity through excessive sedation, resulting in respiratory depression and ultimately death via hypoxia. Nonlethal overdoses may also result in coma and death. There is no specific antidote to barbiturate overdose; treatment is supportive, generally including the administration of intravenous saline, naloxone, thiamine, glucose, sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and increase rate of excretion, and activated charcoal via nasogastric tube. Acetaminophen exerts its toxicity through the production of a toxic metabolite that can cause liver damage at doses as low as four grams. Larger doses can precipitate acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, or gastrointestinal bleeding; death has been known to occur with ingestion of ten to fifteen grams. The specific antidote to acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine.

This is a document about Paracetamol
  Overdoses of paracetamol, that is, taking more than the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol for healthy adults of three or four grams, can cause potentially fatal liver damage. Paracetamol toxicity is the foremost cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, and accounts for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Paracetamol overdose results in more calls to poison control centers in the US than overdose of any other pharmacological substance. According to the FDA, in the United States, "56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths per year [were]

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  The signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity occur in three phases. The first phase begins within hours of overdose, and consists of nausea, vomiting, a pale appearance, and sweating. However, patients often have no specific symptoms or only mild symptoms in the first 24 hours of poisoning. Rarely, after massive overdoses, patients may develop symptoms of metabolic acidosis and coma early in the course of poisoning. The second phase occurs between 24 hours and 72 hours following overdose and consists of signs of increasing liver damage. In general, damage occurs in liver cells as they metabolize the paracetamol. The individual may experience right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The increasing liver damage also changes biochemical markers of liver function; International normalized ratio (INR) and the liver transaminases ALT and AST rise to abnormal levels. Acute kidney failure

This is a document about Paracetamol
  to acetaminophen-associated overdoses during the 1990s. Within these estimates, unintentional acetaminophen overdose accounted for nearly 25% of the emergency department visits, 10% of the hospitalizations, and 25% of the deaths." Overdoses are frequently related to high-dose recreational use of prescription opioids, as these opioids are most often combined with paracetamol. The overdose risk may be heightened by frequent consumption of alcohol. Untreated paracetamol overdose results in a lengthy, painful illness. Signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity may initially be absent or non-specific symptoms. The first symptoms of overdose usually begin several hours after ingestion, with nausea, vomiting, sweating, and pain

This is a document about Rumack–Matthew nomogram
  The Rumack–Matthew nomogram, also known as Rumack–Matthews nomogram or the acetaminophen nomogram is an acetaminophen toxicity nomogram. It plots serum concentration of acetaminophen against the time since ingestion, in an attempt to prognosticate possible liver toxicity as well as allowing a clinician to decide whether to proceed with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment or not. It is a logarithmic graph starting not directly from ingestion, but from 4 hours post ingestion after absorption is considered likely to be complete. In hands of skilled clinicians this nomogram allows for timely management of acetaminophen overdose. Generally, a serum plasma concentration (APAP) of 140–150 microgram/mL (or milligrams/L) at 4 hours post ingestion, indicates the need

This is a document about Acetylcysteine
  Intravenous and oral formulations of acetylcysteine are available for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. When paracetamol is taken in large quantities, a minor metabolite called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) accumulates within the body. It is normally conjugated by glutathione, but when taken in excess, the body's glutathione reserves are not sufficient to deactivate the toxic NAPQI. This metabolite is then free to react with key hepatic enzymes, thereby damaging liver cells. This may lead to severe liver damage and even death by acute liver failure. In the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, acetylcysteine acts to maintain or replenish depleted glutathione reserves in the liver

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  In adults, a dose of 6 grams a day over the preceding 48 hours could potentially lead to toxicity, while in children acute doses above 200 mg/kg could potentially cause toxicity. Acute paracetamol overdose in children rarely causes illness or death, and it is very uncommon for children to have levels that require treatment, with chronic larger-than-normal doses being the major cause of toxicity in children. Intentional overdosing (self-poisoning, with suicidal intent) is frequently implicated in paracetamol toxicity. In a 2006 review, paracetamol was the most frequently ingested compound in intentional overdosing. In rare individuals, paracetamol toxicity can result from normal use. This may be due to individual ("idiosyncratic") differences in the expression and activity of certain enzymes in one of the metabolic pathways that handle paracetamol (see paracetamol's metabolism).

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  Many over-the-counter and prescription-only medications contain paracetamol. Because of its wide availability paired with comparably high toxicity, (compared to ibuprofen and aspirin) there is a much higher potential for overdose. Paracetamol toxicity is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, paracetamol is the most common cause of drug overdoses. Additionally, in both the United States and the United Kingdom it is the most common cause of acute liver failure. In England and Wales an estimated 41,200 cases of paracetamol poisoning occurred in 1989 to 1990, with a mortality of 0.40%. It is estimated that 150 to

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  associated with more adverse effects than acetylcysteine. Additionally, acetylcysteine has been shown to be a more effective antidote, particularly in patients presenting greater than 8 hours post-ingestion and for those who present with liver failure symptoms. If the person presents less than eight hours after paracetamol overdose, then acetylcysteine significantly reduces the risk of serious hepatotoxicity and guarantees survival. If acetylcysteine is started more than 8 hours after ingestion, there is a sharp decline in its effectiveness because the cascade of toxic events in the liver has already begun, and the risk of acute liver necrosis and death increases dramatically. Although acetylcysteine is most effective if given early, it still has beneficial effects if given

This is a document about Hepatotoxicity
  Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen, and by the brand names of Tylenol and Panadol, is usually well-tolerated in prescribed dose, but overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced liver disease and acute liver failure worldwide. Damage to the liver is not due to the drug itself but to a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)) produced by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. In normal circumstances, this metabolite is detoxified by conjugating with glutathione in phase 2 reaction. In an overdose, a large amount of NAPQI is generated, which overwhelms the detoxification process and leads to liver cell damage. Nitric oxide also plays a role in inducing toxicity. The risk

This is a document about NAPQI
  The prognosis is good for paracetamol overdoses if treatment is initiated up to 8 hours after the drug has been taken. Most hospitals stock the antidote (acetylcysteine), which replenishes the liver's supply of glutathione, allowing the NAPQI to be metabolized safely. Without early administration of the antidote, fulminant liver failure follows, often in combination with kidney failure, and death generally occurs within several days.

This is a document about NAPQI
  NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver. However, under some conditions in which NAPQI is not effectively detoxified (usually in the case of paracetamol overdose), it causes severe damage to the liver. This becomes apparent 3–4 days after ingestion and may result in death from fulminant liver failure several days after the overdose.

This is a document about Suicide methods
  A drug overdose involves taking a dose of a drug that exceeds safe levels. In the UK (England and Wales) until 2013, a drug overdose was the most common suicide method in females. In 2019 in males the percentage is 16%. However self-poisoning accounts for the highest number of non-fatal suicide attempts. Overdose attempts using painkillers are among the most common, due to their easy availability over-the-counter. Paracetamol is the most widely used analgesic worldwide and is commonly used in overdose attempts. Paracetamol poisoning is a common cause of acute liver failure. In the United States about 60% of suicide attempts and 14% of suicide deaths involve drug overdoses. The risk of death in suicide attempts involving overdose is about 2%. A drug overdose is often the first-choice method of members of right-to-die organizations. A poll among members of Exit International suggested that 89% would prefer to take a pill, rather than use a plastic exit bag, a carbon monoxide generator, or slow euthanasia.

The most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose is liver damage, which can lead to liver failure and death. This occurs when the liver is unable to detoxify the paracetamol properly, resulting in the production of toxic metabolites such as NAPQI.