Question: identify the colonies that are classified as new england

Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony

This is a document about New England Colonies
 New England Colonies The New England Colonies of British America included Connecticut Colony, the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the Province of New Hampshire, as well as a few smaller short-lived colonies. The New England colonies were part of the Thirteen Colonies and eventually became five of the six states in New England. Captain John Smith's 1616 work "A Description of New England" first applied the term "New England" to the coastal lands from Long Island Sound to Newfoundland. France, England, and other countries made several attempts to colonize New England early in the

This is a document about New England Colonies
 how to read and write in order that they might read and study the Bible for themselves. Depending upon social and financial status, education was taught by the parents home-schooling their children, public grammar schools, and private governesses, which included subjects from reading and writing to Latin and Greek and more. New England Colonies The New England Colonies of British America included Connecticut Colony, the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the Province of New Hampshire, as well as a few smaller short-lived colonies. The New England colonies were part of the Thirteen Colonies and

This is a document about New England Colonies
 into the royal charter for the Connecticut Colony, including New Haven and Saybrook Colony. The earliest colonies in New England were usually fishing villages or farming communities on the more fertile land along the rivers. The rocky soil in the New England Colonies was not as fertile as the Middle or Southern Colonies, but the land provided rich resources, including lumber that was valued for building homes and ships. Lumber was also a resource that could be exported back to England, where there was a shortage of wood. In addition, the hunting of wildlife provided furs to be traded and

This is a document about Jeremiah Dummer
 publication, "A Defense of the New-England Charters", was an incredibly important work that argued on behalf of the New England colonies. "A Defense of the New England Charters" was published in 1721 and defended the charters of New England, composed of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, the colony of Connecticut, Rhode Island, with Providence Plantations, and the Province of New Hampshire. Dummer's work was prompted by a proposed bill for the British House of Commons that would annul the charters of these New England colonies. Dummer sought to illustrate the colonies' loyalty to the crown and their necessity and right

This is a document about John Winthrop Jr. Iron Furnace Site
 John Winthrop the Younger wanted to establish an iron works in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He believed that because the colonies had a cheap and abundant supply of raw materials, an iron works in Massachusetts could produce goods that could be sold profitably in the New England and Chesapeake Colonies as well as in England. In 1639, Winthrop sailed to England to get the capital he needed to fund the project. The Company of Undertakers for the Iron Workes [sic] in New England was founded to finance the venture. Winthrop selected Braintree as the location of the first iron furnace.

This is a document about History of education in the United States
 large part of the population in the early years, arriving as indentured servants. The planter class did not support public education but arranged for private tutors for their children, and sent some to England at appropriate ages for further education. By the mid-19th century, the role of the schools in New England had expanded to such an extent that they took over many of the educational tasks traditionally handled by parents. All the New England colonies required towns to set up schools, and many did so. In 1642 the Massachusetts Bay Colony made "proper" education compulsory; other New England colonies

This is a document about History of New England
 increasingly independent ways of the colonies, in particular their self-governing charters, open flouting of the Navigation Acts, and increasing military power. He decreed the Dominion of New England in 1686, an administrative union of all the New England colonies, and the Province of New York and the Province of New Jersey were added into it two years later. The union was imposed upon the colonies and removed nearly all the leaders who had been elected by the colonists themselves, and it was highly unpopular as a result. The Connecticut Colony refused to deliver their charter to dominion Governor Edmund Andros

This is a document about Thirteen Colonies
 join the colony. The non-separatist Puritans constituted a much larger group than the Pilgrims, and they established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 with 400 settlers. They sought to reform the Church of England by creating a new, pure church in the New World. By 1640, 20,000 had arrived; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies together spawned other Puritan colonies in New England, including the New Haven, Saybrook, and Connecticut colonies. During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed

This is a document about Dominion of New England
 number of English colonies were established in North America and in the West Indies during the first half of the 17th century, with varying attributes. Some originated as commercial ventures, such as the Virginia Colony, while others were founded for religious reasons, such as Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. The governments of the colonies also varied. Virginia became a crown colony, despite its corporate beginning, while Massachusetts and other New England colonies had corporate charters and a great deal of administrative freedom. Other areas were proprietary colonies, such as Maryland and Carolina, owned and operated by one or a

This is a document about New England Colonies
  The New England Colonies of British America included Connecticut Colony, the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and the Province of New Hampshire, as well as a few smaller short-lived colonies. The New England colonies were part of the Thirteen Colonies and eventually became five of the six states in New England, with Plymouth Colony absorbed into Massachusetts and Maine separating from it. Captain John Smith's 1616 work A Description of New England first applied the term "New England" to the coastal lands from Long Island Sound to Newfoundland.

This is a document about Eastern United States
  New England is a region of the United States located in the northeastern corner of the country, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Canada and the state of New York, consisting of the modern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. In one of the earliest English settlements in the New World, English Pilgrims from Europe first settled in New England in 1620, in the colony of Plymouth. In the late 18th century, the New England colonies would be among the first North American British colonies to demonstrate ambitions of independence from the British Crown. New England produced the first examples of American literature and philosophy and

This is a document about List of place names of Native American origin in New England
  The region of New England in the United States has numerous place names derived from the indigenous peoples of the area. New England is in the Northeastern United States, and comprises six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Listed are well-known names of towns, significant bodies of water, and mountains. This list can virtually never be sufficiently completed as there are hundreds of thousands of place names in New England.

This is a document about New England
  New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city, as well as the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester,

This is a document about History of New England
  New England is the oldest clearly defined region of the United States, being settled more than 150 years before the American Revolution. The first English colony in New England, Plymouth Colony, was established in 1620 by Puritan Pilgrims fleeing religious persecution in England; a French colony established in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, Maine had failed. Plymouth was the second English colony in America, after Jamestown. A large influx of Puritans populated the greater region during the Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640), largely in the Boston and Salem area. Farming, fishing, and lumbering prospered, as did whaling and sea trading. New England writers and events in the region helped launch and sustain the American War of Independence, which began when fighting erupted between British troops and Massachusetts militia in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The region later became a stronghold

This is a document about American cuisine
  New England is a Northeastern region of the United States bordering the Maritime Provinces of Canada and portions of Quebec in the north. It includes the six states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, with its largest city and cultural capital Boston, founded in 1630. Native American cuisine became part of the cookery style that the early colonists brought with them. Tribes like the Nipmuck, Wampanoag, Passamaquoddy and other Algonquian cultures were noted for slashing and burning areas to create meadows and bogs that would attract animals like moose and deer, but also encourage the growth of plants like black

This is a document about Culture of New England
  New England is the oldest region of the United States and one of the first successful English settlements in the Americas, and it has a long and oft-contested cultural history. Professor of American and New England Studies Joseph A. Conforti writes, "New England has been a storied place. Its identity has been encoded in narratives about its past—stories that have been continually revised in response to new interpretive needs generated by the transformations of regional life[, helping] New Englanders negotiate, traditionalize, and resist change." As such, New England culture is a complex combination of its overarching and popular Puritan English colonial narrative and its multiple and equally important complementary and competing alternative narratives. Within modern New England, a cultural divide

This is a document about New England town
  Unlike municipalities in most other states, the United States Census Bureau does not classify New England towns as "incorporated places". They are instead classified as "minor civil divisions" (MCDs), the same category into which civil townships fall. The Census Bureau classifies New England towns in this manner because they are conceptually similar to civil townships from a geographic standpoint, typically exhibiting like population-distribution patterns. Like civil townships, but unlike most incorporated municipalities in other states, New England towns do not usually represent a single compact populated place. Plantations in Maine are similarly classified as MCDs. That New England towns serve, in essence, the same function as incorporated places in other states, but are not treated as incorporated places by the Census Bureau, can

This is a document about Indian commerce with early English colonists and the early United States
  Northern Colonies also known as The New England Colonies were made up of the colonies of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Providence Plantations, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. They were part of the Thirteen Colonies. They were mostly associated with the fur trade when there was trading and primary traded with the Pequot Indians, but most relationships were fractured due to disease and land disputes eventually leading to King Phillips War in 1675. This war was the single greatest war to occur in seventeenth century Puritan New England and is considered to be the deadliest war in the history of New England. King Philip's War began the development of a greater European American identity. Which fractured almost all economic activity between English colonists and the Indians in the Area.

This is a document about Thirteen Colonies
 1) Province of Massachusetts Bay, chartered as a royal colony in 1691 ; 2) * Popham Colony, established in 1607; abandoned in 1608 ; 3) * Plymouth Colony, established in 1620; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 ; 4) * Province of Maine, patent issued in 1622 by Council for New England; patent reissued by Charles I in 1639; absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony by 1658 ; 5) * Massachusetts Bay Colony, established in 1629; merged with Plymouth Colony in 1691 ; 6) Province of New Hampshire, established in 1629; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641; chartered as royal colony in 1679 ; 7) Connecticut Colony, established in 1636; chartered as royal colony in 1662 ; 8) *Saybrook Colony, established in 1635;

The New England Colonies were Connecticut Colony, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, and New Hampshire Colony.


Question: when was the last time jacksonville jaguars went to the playoffs

Answer: 2017

This is a document about Jacksonville Jaguars
 Jacksonville Jaguars The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The Jaguars compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) South division. The team plays its home games at TIAA Bank Field. The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as expansion teams for the 1995 season. Since their inception, the Jaguars have won division championships in 1998 and 1999 (as members of the now-defunct AFC Central) and 2017 (as members of the AFC South) and have qualified for the playoffs seven times, most recently

This is a document about 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season
 in the playoffs. 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the 13th season for the team in the National Football League. They improved upon their 8–8 record in 2006 where they finished third in the AFC South and returned to the playoffs for the first time since 2005. This was the last season that the Jaguars had a winning season and a playoff berth, going on a 9-year drought before ending it in 2017. After the 2006 season, the Jaguars announced that offensive coordinator Carl Smith, special teams coordinator Pete Rodriguez, quarterbacks coach Ken Anderson, and wide

This is a document about 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season
 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the 13th season for the team in the National Football League. They improved upon their 8–8 record in 2006 where they finished third in the AFC South and returned to the playoffs for the first time since 2005. This was the last season that the Jaguars had a winning season and a playoff berth, going on a 9-year drought before ending it in 2017. After the 2006 season, the Jaguars announced that offensive coordinator Carl Smith, special teams coordinator Pete Rodriguez, quarterbacks coach Ken Anderson, and wide receivers coach Steve

This is a document about 2008 Jacksonville Jaguars season
 51-yard field goal. However, the Jaguars struggled mostly, especially in the second half of the season as evidenced by a 19–21 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals who entered the game with an 0–8 record. From 2008 to 2016, the Jaguars have failed to make the playoffs. However, in 2017, they advanced to the playoffs for the first time in a decade. This season marked the end of an era as running back Fred Taylor left the team after 11 seasons. On September 2, 2008, third-year offensive tackle Richard Collier was shot outside an apartment building in Jacksonville while waiting for

This is a document about 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season
 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the team's fifth year in the National Football League. Wide receiver Jimmy Smith set a franchise record for most receptions and receiving yards in one season. Smith would finish second in the NFL in receiving yards with 1,636 yards. The Jaguars’ regular season record of 14–2 still stands as their best record in franchise history, but this would be the last time Jacksonville won any division title until they won the AFC South title in 2017. The Jaguars hired former Carolina Panthers head coach Dom Capers to be their defensive

This is a document about 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season
 the season 0–3 versus the Titans, but 15–0 versus all remaining opponents. 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season The 1999 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the team's fifth year in the National Football League. Wide receiver Jimmy Smith set a franchise record for most receptions and receiving yards in one season. Smith would finish second in the NFL in receiving yards with 1,636 yards. The Jaguars’ regular season record of 14–2 still stands as their best record in franchise history, but this would be the last time Jacksonville won any division title until they won the AFC South title in 2017. The Jaguars

This is a document about 2017–18 NFL playoffs
 2017–18 NFL playoffs The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on Sunday, February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. These playoffs were notable for several teams snapping long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007, and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own

This is a document about Tashaun Gipson
 seven pass deflections, and four interceptions in 16 games and 16 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Gipson an overall grade of 81.4, ranking him 30th among all qualified safeties in 2017. The Jacksonville Jaguars finished atop the AFC South with a 10–6 record and clinched a playoff berth. On January 7, 2018, Gipson started his first career playoff game and made five solo tackles in a 10–3 victory over the Buffalo Bills in the AFC Wildcard Game. The Jaguars went on to defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 in the AFC Divisional round before being eliminated from the playoffs after a

This is a document about 2002–03 NFL playoffs
 leader in both regular season and postseason kickoff return yards, returned four kickoffs for 125 yards and four punts for 34 yards in the final playoff game of his career. This was the last Eagles game ever played at Veterans Stadium which was demolished following the 2003 Major League Baseball season. In a Sports Illustrated list of the worst losses in Philadelphia sports history since the in 1983 published in 2008, this game was ranked first. . Until the Jacksonville Jaguars' appearance in the 2017 AFC championship game, this was the last conference title game to feature a team from

This is a document about Jaguars–Titans rivalry
 led by Peyton Manning and a departure of talent from the Jaguars and Titans over the years led to a decline in the two teams' success towards the end of the 2000s. Until 2017, the Jaguars last made the playoffs in 2007 and the Titans last qualified in 2008. The Jaguars and Titans began this decade without much success, both missing the playoffs each year until 2017. Jaguars quarterback David Garrard was released after the 2010 season and replaced by 2011 draft pick Blaine Gabbert, who was ultimately unsuccessful during his tenure with the team. The Titans drafted quarterback Jake

This is a document about Jaguars–Titans rivalry
 Football in Jacksonville. The Titans' and Jaguars' respective coaching staffs faced off in the Senior Bowl on January 24, 2015. Ken Whisenhunt's staff coached the North while Gus Bradley's staff directed the South. By 2015, Gabbert and Locker had been replaced by new quarterbacks Blake Bortles and Marcus Mariota on the Jaguars and Titans, respectively. After years of bottom feeding in the AFC South, the two teams took advantage of a Colts team missing their star quarterback Andrew Luck due to injury in 2017 and returned to the playoffs that year. Though the Jaguars had already clinched the AFC South,

This is a document about Blake Bortles
 Conference Championship, as well as an upset victory over sixth-ranked Baylor in the 2014 Fiesta Bowl. In 2017, Bortles helped the Jacksonville Jaguars reach the playoffs for the first time since 2007, defeating the Buffalo Bills and the Pittsburgh Steelers on their way to their first AFC Championship Game since 1999. The Jaguars lost to the New England Patriots 20–24. Bortles attended Oviedo High School in Oviedo, Florida, where he excelled in football and baseball for the Lions athletic teams. As a senior, he completed 151 of 233 passes for 2,211 yards with 27 touchdowns and seven interceptions. He finished

This is a document about TIAA Bank Field
  south end zone tunnel that will be the new team entrance and create two new seating environments. Phase 2 includes the construction of an amphitheater (Daily's Place) and a covered flex field; both phases were completed in May 2017. After the successful 2017 season which saw the Jaguars return to the playoffs for the first time since the 2007 season and host a playoff game for the first time since 1999, the Jaguars announced the removal of last of the tarps on the upper levels. The removal adds 3,501 seats to the capacity of the stadium bringing total capacity to 67,814.

This is a document about History of the Jacksonville Jaguars
  from the previous year. The Jaguars defeated the Buffalo Bills 10–3 in Jacksonville, marking their first playoff win in ten years. In the Divisional Round, on January 14, 2018, the Jaguars defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 in Pittsburgh, their second win at Heinz Field that season, to advance to their 3rd AFC Championship Game, and their first in 18 years. After leading most of the game, they narrowly fell to the New England Patriots 24–20. For the season, the defense earned the nickname "Sacksonville" because of its dominance. The following season, Jacksonville started strong with a 3–1 record through September, but lost ten of their remaining twelve games, including seven in a row, to falter to 5–11 and last place in the AFC South.

This is a document about Jacksonville Jaguars
  qualifying for the playoffs four years in a row, between their second and fifth seasons, with two division titles, and two AFC Championship Game appearances. Both the Jaguars and their expansion cousins, the Carolina Panthers, became the youngest NFL teams to reach the conference finals, achieving the feat in 1996. The Jaguars set another record in their fifth season in 1999 by clinching top seed in their conference, but have been less successful since, with only three playoff appearances and one division title since 2000. They are one of four NFL franchises that has never played in the Super Bowl.

This is a document about List of Jacksonville Jaguars head coaches
  Doug Marrone replaced Bradley for the final two remaining games of the 2016 season as the interim head coach of the Jaguars. On January 9, 2017, the Jaguars removed the interim tag and hired Marrone to be their sixth head coach. In Marrone's first season as head coach, the Jaguars finished with a 10–6 regular season record in 2017, made the playoffs for the first time since 2007 and made a AFC Conference Championship appearance but were defeated by the New England Patriots. Over the next three seasons under Marrone, the Jaguars finished 4th in the AFC South with losing seasons and failed to make the playoffs for three consecutive seasons. In 2020, Marrone led the Jaguars to a franchise-worst and league worst 1–15 season record in 2020, clinching the Jaguars their first franchise 1st overall pick in the 2021 NFL Draft. Following the end of the 2020 season, Marrone was fired on January 4, 2021.

This is a document about Doug Marrone
  the 2019 season. In 2017, the Jaguars won the AFC South division championship, making the playoffs for the first time since the 2007 season. On January 7, 2018, the Jaguars won their first playoff game under Marrone, defeating the Buffalo Bills in the Wild Card Round, 10–3. They upset the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Round, advancing to the AFC Championship Game, where they were defeated by the New England Patriots by a score of 24–20. On February 23, 2018, the Jaguars extended his contract through 2021. On December 31, 2019, Jaguars owner Shahid Khan announced that Marrone would be retained for the 2020 season, despite back to back losing seasons since making it to the AFC Championship in 2017. general manager

This is a document about 2017 Jacksonville Jaguars season
  The 2017 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the franchise's 23rd season in the National Football League and the first under head coach Doug Marrone. Marrone was hired after acting as the team's interim head coach for the final two games of the 2016 season. The team improved on their 3–13 record from 2016 and ended their 10-year playoff drought dating back to 2008 with a week 15 win over the Houston Texans. They also secured their first winning season since 2007 after a 30–24 win over the Seattle Seahawks. On December 24, 2017, they clinched their third division title, and their first AFC South title following a Tennessee Titans loss. They won the wild card game against the Buffalo Bills 10–3, then headed to Pittsburgh, beating the Pittsburgh Steelers 45–42 to advance to the AFC Championship to face the New England Patriots,

This is a document about List of Jacksonville Jaguars seasons
  This is a list of seasons completed in the National Football League (NFL) by the Jacksonville Jaguars, an American football franchise based in Jacksonville, Florida. The list documents the season-by-season records of the Jaguars' franchise from to present, including postseason records, and league awards for individual players or head coaches. The Jaguars, along with the Carolina Panthers, joined the NFL as 1995 expansion teams. Jacksonville is one of four teams to have never played in a Super Bowl, along with the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions and Houston Texans. The Jaguars have played in the AFC Championship Game in the 1996, 1999, and 2017 seasons.

The last time the Jacksonville Jaguars went to the playoffs was during the 2007 season.


Question: who 's in george michael 's freedom video

Answer: Christy Turlington

This is a document about Freedom! '90
 song, he still refused to appear in it. Instead, inspired by Peter Lindbergh's now-iconic portrait of Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Tatjana Patitz, Christy Turlington, and Cindy Crawford for the January 1990 cover of the British edition of "Vogue", Michael asked the five models to appear in the video. While it was not uncommon at the time for models to appear in music videos, usually such models played the love interest of the singer, as with Christie Brinkley's appearance in her future husband Billy Joel's "Uptown Girl" video, or Turlington's appearance in Duran Duran's "Notorious" video when she was 17 years

This is a document about George Michael
 That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40). "Freedom '90" was the second of only two of its singles to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time"). The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music. As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda

This is a document about Christy Turlington
 Le Bon of Duran Duran to feature Turlington in their "Notorious" video in 1986, at the age of 17. In 1990, singer George Michael drew inspiration from Peter Lindbergh's January 1990 British "Vogue" cover (which features Turlington, Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, and Tatjana Patitz) for his "Freedom!" video. The video featured all top 5 female models along with their top 5 male counterparts, lip-syncing the song. The video was shown during George Michael's 2008 concert tour while he sang. She was added on as the fourth model investor, after Elle Macpherson, Naomi Campbell and Claudia Schiffer of the now

This is a document about Tatjana Patitz
 Tatjana Patitz Tatjana Patitz (born 25 May 1966) is a German model and actress who achieved international prominence in the 1980s and 1990s representing fashion designers on runways and in magazines such as "Elle", "Harper's Bazaar", and "Vogue". Patitz is one of the "big five" supermodels who appeared in the 1990 music video "Freedom! '90" by George Michael, and is associated with the editorial, advertising, and fine-art works of photographers Herb Ritts and Peter Lindbergh. In his 2015 book "Models of Influence: 50 Women Who Reset The Course of Fashion", Nigel Barker reflected on Patitz's modeling career during the height

This is a document about Tatjana Patitz
 Linda Evangelista, and Christy Turlington; the portrait of the five women is regarded as the cover that sparked the supermodel phenomenon of the 1990s, helping each woman attain global appeal. Photographed by Peter Lindbergh, the cover inspired pop star George Michael to cast Patitz, Crawford, Evangelista, Turlington and Campbell in his music video for the song "Freedom! '90" which was directed by David Fincher. Michael did not appear in the video; instead, each woman would lip-synch the song in Michael's place. Patitz and her co-stars were already top stars in the fashion world but were now gaining major recognition for

This is a document about Freedom! '90
  US Billboard Hot 100. The song refers to Michael's past success with Wham!, yet also shows a new side of himself as a new man, who is more cynical about the music business than he had been before. Michael refused to appear in the video and allowed a group of supermodels to appear instead. A music video for the song went into heavy rotation on MTV. It was remastered for the 2017 documentary, George Michael: Freedom. On 30 October 2020 it premiered on YouTube in 4K for its 30th anniversary. Michael performed this song, alongside his 2012 single "White Light", during the closing ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics.

This is a document about Freedom (Wham! song)
  "Freedom" is a hit song by British pop duo Wham!. It became the group's second number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and reached number three in America. It was written and produced by George Michael, one half of the duo.

This is a document about Freedom (Wham! song)
  Wham! had already enjoyed a successful 1984 by the time "Freedom" was released in October of the year. "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" had given them their first UK number one and had then reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. George had then gone to number one with a solo single, "Careless Whisper". "Freedom" was number one in the UK for three weeks, and featured on the album Make It Big, which was issued at the same time. "Freedom" was the 10th biggest-selling single of 1984. This song also reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US in September 1985. The music video, coinciding with the 1985 US release, features the band touring around Beijing, China. The melody of the song's chorus was used by George Michael as an introduction to his song, "Faith", played on a church organ. A reworked version of the song with altered lyrics (but still performed by the duo) was used to promote Maxell's line of audio cassettes in 1984.

This is a document about Addiction (Ryan Leslie song)
  Two music videos were shot for the song; the first was filmed on July 23, 2008, in a Chelsea studio, and directed by Diane Martel. It premiered on Yahoo! Music on September 8, 2008. The entirely-grayscale video shows Leslie performing the track after a small Sony television is turned on by a feminine hand covered by a bed sheet. Jamaican models Jeneil Williams and Gaye McDonald dance and lip sync to Cassie's parts throughout the clip. Leslie then appears on a bigger projection screen as the models move in front of it. George Michael's "Freedom! '90" music video served as inspiration. Leslie talked about the video stating: "one look and you'll notice I'm not wearing a tuxedo or even a suit in the clip. Director Diane Martel assured

This is a document about I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)
  The official music video for the song was directed by Andy Morahan. It begins with George Michael and two bodyguards entering a dark room. There is a large viewing screen on the wall showing Aretha Franklin preparing for George Michael. Over the course of the video, each of the singers are shown performing the song both in front of the screen and on it. During the second verse, footage from both Franklin's and Michael's earlier careers is shown on the screen. As the second chorus ends, Michael joins Franklin on the stage, and footage of earlier famous duet pairs—Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell, Sonny and Cher, Ike and Tina Turner, and others—are shown on the viewing screen while Michael and Franklin sing the song's bridge. At the end of the video, Franklin winks at the camera.

This is a document about Christy Turlington
  got her husband Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran to feature Turlington in their "Notorious" video in 1986, at the age of 17. In 1990, singer George Michael drew inspiration from Peter Lindbergh's January 1990 British Vogue cover (which features Turlington, Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, and Tatjana Patitz) for his "Freedom!" video. The video featured all top 5 female models along with their top 5 male counterparts, lip-syncing the song. The video was shown during George Michael's 2008 concert tour while he sang. She was added on as the fourth model investor, after Elle Macpherson, Naomi Campbell and Claudia Schiffer of the now defunct Fashion Cafes.

This is a document about Naomi Campbell
  cover of British Vogue, shot by Peter Lindbergh. The group was subsequently cast to star in the music video for George Michael's "Freedom! '90". By then, Campbell, Turlington, Evangelista, Crawford and Claudia Schiffer formed an elite group of models declared "supermodels" by the fashion industry. With the addition of newcomer Kate Moss, they were collectively known as the "Big Six". In March 1991, in a defining moment of the so-called supermodel era, Campbell walked the catwalk for Versace with Turlington, Evangelista and Crawford, arm-in-arm and lip-synching the words to "Freedom! '90". Later that year, she starred as Michael Jackson's love interest in the music video for "In

This is a document about 1989 MTV Video Music Awards
  George Michael

This is a document about Too Funky
  Fashion designer Thierry Mugler designed and created the costumes for the models in the song's music video, which shows Michael in two- to three-second appearances as a director filming a number of supermodels on the catwalk at a fictitious runway show, a concept similar to the one he used in the video for his 1990 single "Freedom '90." The models appearing in this video were Eva Herzigova, Linda Evangelista, Nadja Auermann, Emma Sjöberg, Estelle Hallyday, Shana Zadrick, Tyra Banks and Beverly Peele. Actresses Julie Newmar and Rossy de Palma, and the performance artists Joey Arias and Lypsinka are also shown. A "making of" video was also created. The video's concept was written by Jeff Beasley after attending a benefit

This is a document about Freedom! '90
  "Freedom! '90" (also known simply as "Freedom!") is a song written, produced, and performed by George Michael, and released on Columbia Records in 1990. The "'90" added to the end of the title is to prevent confusion with a hit by Michael's former band Wham!, also entitled "Freedom". The song's backing beat is a sample from James Brown's song "Funky Drummer". It was the third single taken from Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1, though released as the second single from the album in the US and Australia. "Freedom! '90" was one of a few uptempo songs on this album. It was a major hit and peaked at No. 8 on

This is a document about Free (Estelle song)
  The music video for "Free" was directed by Andy Hylton. As well as featuring an appearance from guest rapper Megaman, the video features cameos from fellow British singers Beverley Knight, Natasha Bedingfield, Terri Walker, Kelli Young of Liberty X, Jamie Scott, Indo-Canadian singer Raghav and US singer John Legend. The video leads into B-side "Freedom", which features John Legend on piano.

This is a document about Supermodel
  fashion world that they came to embody the term "supermodel". Each model had gradually attained fame since the mid-1980s and was now among the industry's top stars. Selected by Lindbergh for the January cover of Vogue, the cover inspired singer George Michael to cast the same five models in the music video for his song, "Freedom! '90", directed by David Fincher. The other photograph that captured this new generation of fashion models is the black and white nude of Crawford, Patitz, Campbell and Stephanie Seymour taken by Herb Ritts that originally ran in the May 1989 issue of Rolling Stone, until a variation of this image

This is a document about Freedom (Girl Next Door song)
 1) Freedom (Music Video)

This is a document about Freedom! '90
  "Freedom! '90", the five models, rather than portraying his on-screen girlfriends, would lip sync the song in his place. The video also included male models John Pearson, Scott Benoit, Peter Formby, Todo Segalla, and fashion photographer Mario Sorrenti. Evangelista took some persuading before agreeing to appear in the video, saying, "He thought it would make us into a big deal, that it would be good for us. I was like, 'Please, we're here. We've already arrived!'" After speaking with Michael, she was convinced, and rearranged her schedule. In a 2015 Vanity Fair article, Evangelista reflected on her decision positively, saying,

This is a document about Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
  fifth single from Listen Without Prejudice, "Cowboys and Angels", entered the UK Singles Chart in March and peaked at number 45. "Soul Free" was released as a commercial single in Australia, where it charted at number 95, and Japan. Michael refused to appear in the music videos for the album's singles. Accordingly, the video for "Praying for Time" consisted of the song's lyrics projected onto a dark background, while the video for "Freedom! '90", directed by David Fincher, featured several supermodels lip syncing its lyrics, and the destruction by fire and explosion of several icons from Michael's recent Faith period.

The "Freedom! '90" music video by George Michael features supermodels Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, Tatjana Patitz, and Naomi Campbell.


Question: who played face on the a team tv show

Answer: Dirk Benedict ,

This is a document about The A-Team
 another actor, instead. Therefore, in the pilot, Face was portrayed by Tim Dunigan, who was later replaced by Dirk Benedict, with the comment that Dunigan was "too tall and too young". According to Dunigan: "I look even younger on camera than I am. So it was difficult to accept me as a veteran of the Vietnam War, which ended when I was a sophomore in high school." Carrere was intended to join the principal cast of the show in its fifth season after appearing in the season four finale, providing a tie to the team's inception during the war. Unfortunately

This is a document about Mexican Slayride
  The part of Face, best known as being played by Dirk Benedict throughout the series, is played in the pilot by actor Tim Dunigan. The episode originally had no introductory theme and credits like later episodes of The A-Team, but in syndication, the season 1 introduction is tagged on, with a segment depicting Tim Dunigan as Face replacing the part of Dirk Benedict. The DVD boxset of season 1 features the pilot in its original version, without introduction.

This is a document about The A-Team
   The A-Team revolves around the four members of a former commando outfit, now mercenaries. Their leader is Lieutenant Colonel John "Hannibal" Smith (George Peppard), whose plans tend to be unorthodox, but effective. Lieutenant Templeton Peck (Dirk Benedict; Tim Dunigan appeared as Templeton Peck in the pilot), usually called "Face" or "Faceman", is a smooth-talking con man who serves as the team's appropriator of vehicles and other useful items, as well as the team's second-in-command. The team's pilot is Captain H.M. "Howling Mad" Murdock (Dwight Schultz), who has been declared insane and lives in a Veterans' Affairs mental institution for the show's first four seasons. Finally, there is

This is a document about Templeton Peck
  Lieutenant Templeton Arthur Peck, played by Dirk Benedict, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series The A-Team. A recognized war hero, he is often referred to as (The) Faceman, or simply Face. Although creators Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo had Benedict in mind for the role, studio executives initially insisted that the role be handled differently; Tim Dunigan played the role in the pilot episode, but after it was completed, he was thought by the same executives to look too young to be a believable Vietnam veteran, and he was, at 6'5" (196 cm) much taller than the rest of the cast, particularly the show's 5'10" (178 cm) muscleman Mr. T. He was replaced by Benedict for the rest of the show's run. Bradley Cooper portrayed the character in the 2010 film, while Benedict appeared in a post-credits cameo.

This is a document about List of television programs in which one character was played by multiple actors
 The A-Team (1983–1987). Character: Lt. Templeton "Faceman" Peck. Actors: Tim Dunigan (in the pilot), Dirk Benedict ; Adventures of Superman Character: Lois Lane. Actresses: Phyllis Coates, Noel Neill. ; The Adventures of William Tell (1950s). Character: Gessler's second in command, Frederick. Actors: Derren Nesbitt (first six episodes), Willoughby Gray (seventh episode), Jack Watling ; Alice Character: Tommy Hyatt. Actors: Alfred Lutter (pilot – carry-over from original movie Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore), Philip McKeon (rest of series) ; All American Character: JP Keating. Actors: Elvis Nolasco (2018–2020), Ray Campbell (2021–) ; All in the Family ; Character: Gloria Bunker. Actresses: Kelly Jean Peters (first pilot), Candice Azzara (second pilot), Sally Struthers. ; Character: Lionel Jefferson. Actors: D'Urville Martin (pilots), Mike Evans. ; 'Allo 'Allo! ; Character: Captain Alberto Bertorelli. Actors: Gavin Richards (1987–1989), Roger Kitter (1991). ; Character: Monsieur Ernest LeClerc. Actors: Derek Royle (1989), Robin Parkinson

This is a document about Dirk Benedict
  In 1980, Benedict starred alongside Linda Blair in an action-comedy movie called Ruckus. In 1983, Dirk gained further popularity as con man Lieutenant Templeton "Face" Peck in 1980s action television series The A-Team. He played "Faceman" from 1982 to 1986, although the series didn't air until January 1983, and the final episode wasn't shown until 1987 rebroadcasts. The second season episode "Steel" includes a scene at Universal Studios where Face is seen looking bemused as a Cylon walks by him as an in-joke to his previous role in Battlestar Galactica. The clip is incorporated into the series' opening credit sequence from season 3 onward. In 1986, Benedict starred as low-life band manager Harry Smilac in the movie Body Slam along with Lou Albano, Roddy Piper, and cameo appearances by

This is a document about The A-Team (film)
  The A-Team is a 2010 American action thriller film based on the 1980s television series of the same name created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell. Directed by Joe Carnahan and written by Carnahan, Brian Bloom, and Skip Woods, the film stars Liam Neeson, Bradley Cooper, Quinton Jackson, Sharlto Copley, Jessica Biel, Patrick Wilson and Yul Vazquez. The film tells the story of a Special Forces team who, imprisoned for a crime they did not commit, escapes and sets out to clear their names. The film was produced by Cannell, Tony Scott, and (as executive producer) his brother Ridley Scott. The film

This is a document about List of Prison Break characters
  the A-team for the theft of Scylla and sets out to re-capture them, though he and Senator Conrad Dallow (David Clennon) later discover the truth. However, in an effort to keep the failed operation a secret, Stanton convinces Dallow to murder the team. He is about to kill Michael when he is shot and killed by a Company operative. ; Leslie Steadman (played by Mary Beth Fisher) is Terrence Steadman's wife. Veronica and Nick (under aliases' Francette Kelly and Dick Sissler), come out of hiding to question her and investigate the conspiracy. ; Richard Sullins (played by Kim Coates) is an

This is a document about The A-Team
  A feature film based on The A-Team was released on June 11, 2010, and was produced by 20th Century Fox. The film stars Liam Neeson as Hannibal, Bradley Cooper as Faceman, Quinton Jackson as B.A. and Sharlto Copley as Murdock with Jessica Biel as the team's ally and Patrick Wilson as the film's villain, Agent Lynch while both Dirk Benedict (Faceman) and Dwight Schultz (Murdock) made brief cameo appearances in the film (as a prisoner using a sunbed and a psychiatrist overseeing Murdock's shock therapy, respectively); because of timing issues, these scenes were moved to the end of the credits. They were later reinserted for the extended-cut of the film.

This is a document about Bring Back...
 Dirk Benedict - Templeton "Faceman" Peck ; Dwight Schultz - H.M. "Howling Mad" Murdock ; Marla Heasley - Tawnia Baker ; Jack Ging - General Harlan "Bull" Fullbright ; Mr. T - B.A. Baracus ; Stephen Cannell - series co-creator William Lucking - Colonel Lynch ; Lance LeGault - Colonel Roderick Decker ; Christian Peppard - Representing his late father George Peppard Transmitted:18 May 2006 Justin attempts to re-unite the cast of his favourite show as a child, The A-Team. He has to secure interviews and appearances with the stars of the show who have not spoken to each other for some time. Justin met with the below people to discuss the show and asked them to attend a reunion. All but Mr. T made it to

This is a document about Mexican Slayride
 George Peppard as Col. John "Hannibal" Smith ; Leader of the A-Team. Part of show's main cast for the rest of the series. ; Tim Dunigan as Lt. Templeton "Faceman" Peck ; Conman of the team. Replaced after the pilot episode by Dirk Benedict for the rest of the show's run. ; Mr. T as Sgt. Bosco Albert "B.A." Baracus ; Strong man and mechanic of the team. Also known as Bad Attitude.  Part of show's main cast for the rest of the series. ; Dwight Schultz as Capt. H.M. "Howling Mad" Murdock ; The clinically insane pilot of the team. Part of show's main cast for the rest of the series. ; Melinda Culea as Amy Amanda "Triple A" Allen ; The reporter who assists the A-Team during the show's first season and the first half of the second season. ; William Lucking as Col. Lynch ; The team's main antagonist. "Mexican Slayride" introduces the following regular The A-Team characters:

This is a document about Bill Nuss
 The A-Team ; Raven

This is a document about Bradley Cooper
  in the comedy Brother's Justice and as the fictional character Templeton "Faceman" Peck in the feature film version of The A-Team alongside Liam Neeson, Quinton Jackson, and Sharlto Copley. To prepare for the role, he abstained from consuming sugar, salt and flour, and underwent grueling workouts. The film released to negative reviews and poor box office returns. Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph wrote, "Cooper confirms his credentials as perhaps the most smugly narcissistic performer", while Nev Pierce of Empire credited both Cooper and Copley for "acing swagger and insanity respectively, who best both capture and yet re-forge their iconic characters." Cooper appeared as guest host of WWE Raw in

This is a document about Templeton Peck
  for interrogation. Even Murdock tells him he was brave to have done it and gives him a merit badge (Murdock is a boy scout leader at this time). Despite his complaining, Face is actually a very brave guy who is willing to put the team before himself. Face is the most gentle member of the main A-Team foursome, generally attempting to avoid conflict and reluctant to get into brawls—if nothing else to avoid damaging his clothes and seeing fights as a nuisance, a contrast to the more gung-ho attitudes of Hannibal, Murdock and B.A., who are more typically seen to enjoy piling into a fight.

This is a document about The A-Team (film)
  was postponing his fight at UFC 107 with Rashad Evans due to filming for The A-Team. Filming started in Vancouver in late 2009, and Jackson's involvement was then confirmed. On September 15, 2009, Variety confirmed the casting of Neeson, Cooper and Jackson. They additionally reported that Sharlto Copley and Jessica Biel were in final negotiations to join the cast. Copley would be playing the role of H.M. Murdock and Biel would be playing the ex-lover of Face who is a disillusioned and ruthless Army officer in charge of pursuing the team. 20th Century Fox later confirmed that Copley and Biel were cast in the film. The first

This is a document about George Peppard
  In 1982, Peppard auditioned for and won the role of Colonel John "Hannibal" Smith in the television action adventure series The A-Team, acting alongside Mr. T, Dirk Benedict and Dwight Schultz. In the series, the A-Team was a team of renegade commandos on the run from the military for "a crime they did not commit" while serving in the Vietnam War. The A-Team members made their collective living as soldiers of fortune, but they helped only people who came to them with justified grievances. As "Hannibal" Smith, Peppard played the leader of the A-Team, distinguished by his cigar smoking, confident smirk, black leather gloves, disguises, and distinctive catch phrase, "I love it when a plan comes together." Peppard was

This is a document about List of The A-Team characters
  by David Lodge in Lego Dimensions. Dirk Benedict as Ex-United States Army Special Forces Commando First Lieutenant Arthur Templeton "Faceman" Peck (1983–1987) Templeton "Face(man)" Peck was suave, smooth-talking, and hugely successful with women. Serving as the team's con man and scrounger, he is able to get his hands on just about anything they need. He is the one who arranges for supplies, equipment, and sensitive information using numerous scams and hustles. Raised in a Christian orphanage, Face has respect for the church. Amy and Murdock give some insight into Face's true character; while Face has a good heart, he fears commitment. In Season Five, Face's

This is a document about William Perry (American football)
  In 1986, Perry appeared as himself in an episode of The A-Team alongside fellow WWE star Hulk Hogan.

This is a document about The A-Team
  On May 18, 2006, Channel 4 in the UK attempted to reunite the surviving cast members of The A-Team for the show Bring Back... in an episode titled "Bring Back...The A-Team". Justin Lee Collins presented the challenge, securing interviews and appearances from Dirk Benedict, Dwight Schultz, Marla Heasley, Jack Ging, series co-creator Stephen Cannell, and Mr. T. Collins eventually managed to bring together Benedict, Schultz, Heasley, Ging and Cannell, along with William Lucking, Lance LeGault, and George Peppard's son, Christian. Mr. T was unable to make the meeting, which took place in the Friar's Club in Beverly Hills, but he did manage to appear on the show for a brief talk with Collins.

This is a document about The A-Team
  The A-Team is an American action-adventure television series that ran on NBC from 1983 to 1987 about former members of a fictitious United States Army Special Forces unit. The four members of the team were tried by court martial for a crime they had not committed. They were convicted and sentenced to serve terms in a military prison, but later escaped to Los Angeles and began working as soldiers of fortune, while still trying to clear their names and avoid capture by law enforcement and military authorities. The series was created by Stephen J. Cannell and Frank Lupo. A feature film based on the series was released by 20th Century Fox in 2010.

Dirk Benedict played the role of Face on "The A-Team" TV show, but Tim Dunigan played the character in the pilot episode.


Question: when was k to 12 implemented in philippines

Answer: 2011

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
 elementary education, and six (6) years of secondary education, in that sequence. Secondary education includes four (4) years of junior high school and two (2) years of senior high school education." However, according to Sec. 4 of Republic Act No. 10157, "Kindergarten education is hereby institutionalized as part of basic education and for school year 2011-2012 shall be implemented partially, and thereafter, it shall be made mandatory and compulsory for entrance to Grade 1." That means in order to follow the enhanced basic education program, students must take kindergarten before taking six years of elementary education, followed by six years

This is a document about Divine Light Academy
 along Alabang-Zapote Road. Divine Light Academy Divine Light Academy (DLA) is a private, non-sectarian school in the Philippines. The first campus was built at Las Piñas City during the year 1982, while the Molino campus, found at Bacoor, opened last 1994. DLA was founded by Engineer Antonio D. Sese, a junior manager from one of the country's premier car company, and Mrs. Leonila D. Sese, a profound teacher-administrator in an upscale school located in Alabang, Muntinlupa. As of today, the school follows the K-12 curriculum, which was recently implemented by the Department of Education. In 2011, the school opened its

This is a document about Divine Light Academy
 Divine Light Academy Divine Light Academy (DLA) is a private, non-sectarian school in the Philippines. The first campus was built at Las Piñas City during the year 1982, while the Molino campus, found at Bacoor, opened last 1994. DLA was founded by Engineer Antonio D. Sese, a junior manager from one of the country's premier car company, and Mrs. Leonila D. Sese, a profound teacher-administrator in an upscale school located in Alabang, Muntinlupa. As of today, the school follows the K-12 curriculum, which was recently implemented by the Department of Education. In 2011, the school opened its newly built building

This is a document about Kenneth Hess
 classroom use, guides to help science-fair administrators, and a complete project guide to help students with all steps of conducting a science or engineering project. During 2010, 9.8 million unique individuals visited the Science Buddies website, a number equal to ∼18% of U.S. students in grades K–12. As a testament to the quality of resources Hess has implemented and developed at Science Buddies to meet the needs of K-12 educators and to help bridge the gap between researchers and K-12 students, Science Buddies was awarded the prestigious Science Prize for Online Resources in Education (SPORE) in April 2011. SPORE awards

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
 or not remains to be seen. In 2011, the Department of Education started to implement the new K-12 educational system, which also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. The K-12 program has a so-called "phased implementation", which started in S.Y 2011-2012. In 2017, the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act was promulgated mandating the government through all state universities and colleges (SUCs) to provide free tertiary education for all Filipino citizens. The mandate does not include private schools. However, certain subsidies for students enrolled in private higher education institutions are available. Formal education is the hierarchically structured,

This is a document about Hongdu JL-8
 the nose are well under way. In Sep 2011, NAMC rolled out another 12 K-8P for undisclosed foreign client. In 2008 Venezuela announced the purchase of 18 K-8 aircraft. Currently the K-8 is being marketed by China to the air forces of the Philippines; and to Indonesia, as a replacement for Indonesia's BAE Hawk jet trainers. In 2009, the Bolivian government approved a deal to purchase 6 K-8P aircraft for use in anti-drug operations. The total number of K-8 aircraft produced till 2010 in all variants were estimated to be over 500, with a continual production rate of approximately 24

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
 constant coordination with CHED and DOLE on the actual number of affected faculty from private higher education institutions (HEIs). The worst-case scenario is that 39,000 HEI faculty will lose their jobs over 5 years. This will only happen if none of the HEIs will put up their own Senior High Schools; however, DepEd is currently processing over 1,000 Senior High School applications from private institutions. DepEd is also hiring more than 30,000 new teachers in 2016 alone. The Department will prioritize affected faculty who will apply as teachers or administrators in Senior High Schools. K-12's implementation began in 2011 when

This is a document about Ibalik ang Philippine History sa High School Movement
  Philippine History, as a subject, has been part of the secondary education curriculum of the Philippines since the American colonial period. Philippine History was taught as a dedicated Social Studies subject in the 1st year level of high school. In 2013, the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, otherwise known as the K-12 Law, passed into legislation. It was an educational policy lobbied by President Benigno Aquino III. It involved major reforms in Philippine Education that resulted to a twelve-year basic education program. In congruent to the K-12 Law, the Department of Education made massive changes in the Social Studies curriculum of the Philippines. Initially, Philippine History was included in the 7th grade Social Studies curriculum for the secondary level in 2013. By 2014, the initial K-12 plan for Social Studies underwent an overhaul. These changes were codified in the Department of Education Order 20, s. 2014. The new department order effectively removed Philippine History from the high school curriculum. No rationale was written in the government order explaining its pedagogical basis. As a result, social Studies subjects in high school emphasized a global perspective rather than a balanced global-Philippine and democratic perspective.

This is a document about Benigno Aquino III
  Aquino introduced reforms on the Philippine education program by introducing the K-12 curriculum by signing into law the Enhanced Basic Education Act in 2013. This added two years to the basic education system; which became known as the Senior High School stage. The program was introduced because the Philippines was among the three countries in the world at that time still had a 10-year basic education program. Among the criticisms of the K-12 program is the associated costs to be shouldered by teachers, parents, and students for the additional two years of basic education as well as the lack of classrooms and teachers required for the implementation of the shift to K-12.

This is a document about Guronasyon Foundation National High School
  The implementation of the K-12 program is "phased". The first phase of the implementation will start on SY 2012–2013. During this school year, universal kindergarten will be finally offered, and will now be a part of the compulsory education system; and a new curriculum for Grade 1 and Grade 7 students would be introduced. By SY 2016–2017, Grade 11/Year 5 will be introduced, and Grade 12/Year 6 by SY 2017–2018; with the phased implementation of the new curriculum finished by the SY 2017–2018. Students in 2nd year to 4th year high school this SY 2012-2013 are not included in the program. It is only applicable to students from Kinder to 1st year high school which is now called Grade 7.

This is a document about Digital divide in the Philippines
  The Philippines was the only country in the Southeast Asia region that had a declining youth literacy rate between the years of 1990 and 2004, according to data from the United Nations. This prompted major school reforms and in 2012, a K-12 school curriculum was introduced which included a year of kindergarten and two senior school years. The Department of Education in the Philippines (DepEd) goal for students who graduate from the K-12 curriculum is for these students to understand technology works and how they can benefit from it. The curriculum of this program focuses on developing students to be comfortable with using computers and technology. Some examples are that in grade 4 students will learn how to use the basic functions of the computer, including the use of the internet and emailing, in

This is a document about Vicente Madrigal National High School
  The implementation of the K–12 program is "phased". The first phase of the implementation will start on SY 2012–2013. During this school year, universal kindergarten will be finally offered, and will now be a part of the compulsory education system; and a new curriculum for Grade 1 and Grade 7 students would be introduced. By SY 2016–2017, Grade 11/Year 5 will be introduced, and Grade 12/Year 6 by SY 2017–2018; with the phased implementation of the new curriculum finished by the SY 2017–2018. Students in 2nd year to 4th year high school this SY 2012–2013 are not included in the program. It is only applicable to students from Kinder to 1st year high school which is now called Grade 7.

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
  into law by virtue of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. Although DepEd has already implemented the K–12 Program since SY 2011–2012, it was still enacted into law to guarantee its continuity in the succeeding years. The former system of basic education in the Philippines consists of one-year preschool education, six-year elementary education and four-year high school education. Although public preschool, elementary and high school education are provided free, only primary education is stipulated as compulsory according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Pre-primary education caters to children aged five. A child aged six may enter elementary schools with, or without pre-primary education. Following on from primary education is

This is a document about History of the Philippines
  the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, commonly known as K–12 program. It added two more years to the country's ten-year schooling system for primary and secondary education. The country was then hit by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) on November 8, 2013, which heavily devastated the Visayas. Massive rehabilitation efforts by foreign world powers sending aid, devolved into chaos following the revelations that the administration and that the government had not been properly handing out the aid packages and preference for political maneuvering over the safety of the people, leading to mass deterioration of food and medical supplies. In 2014, the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro was finally signed after 17 years

This is a document about Sacred Heart School – Ateneo de Cebu
  In 2015, the Department of Education of the Philippines (DepEd) announced that an extra two years of schooling will be required from every student in the Philippines. This campaign, known commonly as the K to 12 Program or simply K-12, would standardize Philippine education, thus turning secondary or high school education in the Philippines into a period of six years, as prior to this, Philippine high school only lasted four school years. Sacred Heart School – Ateneo de Cebu adapted to the change by launching its Senior High School Program, a program which accommodates both eleventh and twelfth grade students. It began the construction of a new Senior High School building solely for the eleventh and twelfth grade levels, which was completed in May 2016.

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
  2008. In 2010, then-Senator Benigno Aquino III expressed his desire to implement the K–12 basic education cycle to increase the number of years of compulsory education to thirteen years. According to him, this will "give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs". After further consultations and studies, the government under President Aquino formally adopted the K–6–4–2 basic education system—one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education and two years of senior high school education. Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by virtue of the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, while the further twelve years were officially

This is a document about Armin Luistro
  Luistro is a major proponent of the K+12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines. The program seeks to add two years to the current 10-year basic education curriculum, and make graduates more competitive. The program involves kindergarten, six years of elementary, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school. Kindergarten was required in 2012 while senior high school is planned to be included in the curriculum by 2016. DepEd said that 77 percent of its participants in fora are in favor of the change. Before its implementation in 2012, the Philippines was the only country in Asia which employed 10 years of basic education—all other countries had 12. Numerous parties have opposed the

This is a document about Presidency of Benigno Aquino III
  During Aquino's first State of the Nation Address (SONA), Aquino announced his intention to reform the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K–12 education, a 12-year basic education cycle. K–12 education is used in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

This is a document about Education in the Philippines
  and 7 during the school year 2012–2013, for grade 11 during 2016, and for grade 12 during 2017. There are four "phases" during the implementation of the new system. These are: In terms of preparing the resources, specifically classrooms, teacher items, textbooks, seats, and water and sanitation improvements, the following table shows the accomplished material from 2010 to 2014 and those planned for 2015. The Department of Education's justifications in this change, in implementing 13 years of basic education, is that the Philippines is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries worldwide with a 10-year pre-university cycle (Angola and Djibouti are the other two), and that the 13-year program is found to be the best period for learning under basic education. It is also the recognized standard for students and professionals globally.

This is a document about Saint Mary's Academy of Capiz
 Preschool - Kindergarten ; Elementary - Grades 1-6 ; Junior High School - Grades 7-10 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) ; ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management) From 1947-2014, the school used the 1945-2011 basic education curriculum which consisted of levels from kindergarten to fourth year high school. Starting in 2012-2013 and onwards, SMAC applied the "Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013", to which Filipinos refer to as K-12 law. The K-12 system took full effect and shape at the start of academic year 2016-2017 when it opened its senior high school department.  SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OFFERINGS: (With Government Permit SHS 105, s.o. 2016)

The K to 12 program was implemented in the Philippines in 2011. However, it was made mandatory for entrance to Grade 1 and compulsory for students to follow for six years starting from Grade 1 in 2012.


Question: where does the euro star leave from in london

Answer: St Pancras International

This is a document about Eurostar
 Eurostar Eurostar is a high-speed railway service connecting London with Amsterdam, Avignon, Brussels, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Paris and Rotterdam. All its trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Getlink. The London terminus is St Pancras International, the other British calling points being Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International in Kent. Intermediate calling points in France are Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe, with trains to Paris terminating at Gare du Nord. Trains to Belgium terminate at Midi/Zuid station in Brussels. The only intermediate calling point in the Netherlands is Rotterdam Centraal, with trains terminating at

This is a document about St Pancras railway station
  St Pancras railway station, also known as London St Pancras or St Pancras International and officially since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, France and the Netherlands to London. It provides East Midlands Railway services to, , , and  on the Midland Main Line, Southeastern high-speed trains to Kent via  and , and Thameslink cross-London services to Bedford, Cambridge, Peterborough, Brighton and Gatwick Airport. It stands between the British Library, the Regent's Canal and London King's Cross railway station, with which it shares a London Underground station,. The station was constructed by

This is a document about Eurostar
   Without the operation of Regional Eurostar services using the North of London trainsets across the rest of Britain, Eurostar has developed its connections with other transport services instead, such as integrating effectively with traditional UK rail operators' schedules and routes, making it possible for passengers to use Eurostar as a quick connection to further destinations on the continent. All three main terminals used by the Eurostar service – St Pancras International, Paris Gare du Nord, and Brussels Midi/Zuid – are served by domestic trains and by local urban transport networks such as the London Underground and the Paris Metro. Standard Eurostar tickets no longer include free onward connections to or from any other station in Belgium: this is now available for a flat-rate supplement, currently £5.50. Eurostar has announced several partnerships with other rail services, most notably Thalys connections at Lille

This is a document about Eurostar
  Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service connecting the United Kingdom with France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Most Eurostar trains travel through the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Getlink. The London terminus is London St Pancras International; the other British calling points are Ebbsfleet International and Ashford International in Kent. Intermediate calling points in France are Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe. Trains to Paris terminate at Gare du Nord. Trains to Belgium and the Netherlands serve Brussels-South and Rotterdam Centraal, before terminating at Amsterdam Centraal. Additionally, in France there are direct services from London to

This is a document about HaMerotz LaMillion 4
 Helsinki (Scandic Grand Marina) (Pit Start) ; Helsinki (Helsinki-Vantaa International Airport) to London, England, United Kingdom (Gatwick Airport) ; London (Camden Market) ; London (Goldsmiths' Hall) ; London (Limehouse Marina to St Katharine Docks – Presidents Quay House) ; London (Bankside Pier – Tate Modern) ; London (Ministry of Sound) ; London (St John's, Smith Square) ; London (Somerset House) ; London (Portobello Road – The London Antique Clock Centre) ; London (Westminster Bridge) Additional tasks ; At the beginning of the leg, teams were only given an instrumental version of Chava Alberstein's song "London" (Based upon a quote from a

This is a document about London Area Control Centre
 TC North West ; Departures: ; Heathrow departures to the north-west (BPK). ; Essex clutch (Stansted, Luton, and Cambridge) departures to the west. ; TC Bovingdon (BNN): ; Heathrow arrivals from the north, north-west, and west, via the Bovingdon (BNN) STAR. ; TC North East ; Departures: ; Heathrow departures to the north-east (UMLAT/ULTIB). ; Essex clutch (Stansted, Luton, and Cambridge) departures to the east. ; Thames clutch (City and Biggin Hill) departures to the north. ; TC Lambourne (LAM): ; Heathrow arrivals from the north-east, via the Lambourne (LAM) STAR. ; Thames clutch (City and Biggin Hill) arrivals from the north via the

This is a document about The Amazing Race 7
 Istanbul (Sirkeci Train Station) ; Istanbul (Istanbul Atatürk Airport) to London, England, United Kingdom (Heathrow Airport) ; London (Abbey Road) ; London (London Eye) ; London (London Marriott Hotel County Hall) ; London (Four locations (See below) or Battersea Park) ; London (Millennium Dome – North Greenwich Coach Park) ; London (Potters Fields Park) Additional tasks ; At Sirkeci Train Station, teams had to walk past a group of whirling dervishes to their next clue. ; Upon arrival in London, teams had to find their next clue at the zebra crossing made famous on an album cover by The Beatles, which they had to figure out was Abbey Road. ; At the London Eye, teams had to board a capsule and survey the city from the

This is a document about Eurostar
  aimed at skiers, to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Aime-la-Plagne and Moûtiers in the Alps; these run twice-weekly, one overnight and one during the daytime. Intermediate stations are Ebbsfleet International in northwest Kent, Ashford International in southeast Kent, and Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe in Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In February 2018, Eurostar announced the start of its long-planned service from London to Amsterdam, with an initial two trains per day from April of that year running between St Pancras and Amsterdam Centraal. This launched as a one-way service, with return trains carrying passengers to Rotterdam and Brussels Midi/Zuid, making a 28-minute stop (which was not deemed long enough to process UK-bound passengers) and then carrying

This is a document about Kings Cross, London
  St Pancras International station is in the district. St Pancras is Eurostar's London terminus. International destinations include Amsterdam, Brussels, and Paris. The station is also the terminus of Southeastern High Speed services from Kent and Stratford International (where London's Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is situated). Other long-distance National Rail services are operated by East Midlands Railway to cities such as Leicester and Sheffield. Thameslink operates regional services across London, South East England, and East Anglia. Trains serve key UK destinations including Bedford, Brighton, Cambridge, and Luton. They also serve several major London destinations, including Farringdon, Finsbury Park, and London Bridge. These routes provide the King's Cross area with direct links to Gatwick and Luton Airports.

This is a document about St Pancras railway station
  St Pancras contains four groups of platforms on two levels, accessed via the main concourse at ground level. The below-surface group contains through platforms A and B, and the upper level has three groups of terminal platforms: domestic platforms 1–4 and 11–13 on each side of international platforms 5–10. Platforms A & B serve Thameslink, 1–4 connect to the Midland Main Line, while platforms 11–13 lead to High Speed 1; there is no connection between the two lines, except for a maintenance siding outside the station. There are also a variety of shops and restaurants within the station concourse. The station is the London terminus for Eurostar's high-speed trains to Paris, Brussels, Amsterdam and Lille via the Channel

This is a document about The Bear (1998 film)
  North Star and the bear looks at Tilly. Tearfully they say goodbye and the bear returns to his own family. The Star Bear returns home with Tilly, who has been given a shining star (the size of a small stone). The Tower of London is seen and the bear pen in the London Zoo as Tilly looks on in amazement. The polar bear returns to his natural habitat to find his family waiting for him. As the sun rises the next morning, Tilly wakes up to find the windows open and the Star Bear's constellation fading. As it does, the shining star vanishes from Tilly's hand, and she wonders about the bear from her window.

This is a document about Waterloo International railway station
  western side and here the trains passed close to the structure. The roof arches are made up of two dissimilar curved trusses, triangular in section, with compression booms of tubular steel (CFS) and tension booms of solid steel. Both compression and tension members are curved – structural engineer Anthony Hunt described the trusses as "banana shaped". Curved, tapering trusses were later used to great effect at Kirklees Stadium in Huddersfield. The first Eurostar departure, on 14 November 1994 and the last service left on 13 November 2007. From the next day Eurostar services used their new London terminus of St Pancras International.

This is a document about St Pancras railway station
   Twenty three Eurostar trains travel daily from St Pancras to and from Paris Gare du Nord, nine to Bruxelles-Midi/Brussel-Zuid and one to Marne-la-Vallée for Disneyland Resort Paris. Extra services run to Paris on Fridays and Sundays, with a reduced service to Brussels at weekends. Additional weekend leisure-oriented trains run to the French Alps during the skiing season, and to Marseille via Lyon and Avignon in the summer. It also serves as the terminus for services to Amsterdam from Spring 2018. Trains call at a mix of four intermediate stations (Ebbsfleet International, Ashford International, Calais-Fréthun and Lille-Europe), with some running non-stop. Non-stop trains take 2 hours 15 minutes

This is a document about London
   London is the centre of the National Rail network, with 70 per cent of rail journeys starting or ending in London. King's Cross station and Euston station, which are both in London, are the starting points of the East Coast Main Line and the West Coast Main Line – the two main railway lines in Britain. Like suburban rail services, regional and inter-city trains depart from several termini around the city centre, linking London with the rest of Britain including Aberdeen, Birmingham, Blackpool, Bradford, Brighton, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Carlisle, Chester, Coventry, Crewe, Derby, Doncaster, Dover, Edinburgh, Exeter, Glasgow, Holyhead (for

This is a document about 2017 Tour de France
  The opening stages of the 2017 Tour (known as the Grand Départ) were originally scheduled to be in London, United Kingdom; this would have been the third time the Tour had visited London, following the 2007 and 2014 editions. In September 2015, a week before this was due to be announced, Transport for London pulled out of the bid. It was later revealed that this was the decision of the then Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, on the grounds of cost: hosting the Grand Depart would have cost £35 million. In December 2015, the ASO announced that the Grand Départ would take place with stages based in Düsseldorf, the

This is a document about The Lavender Hill Mob
 London, England, UK ; Bank Underground Station ; Bank of England, Threadneedle Street ; Bramley Arms Pub, Bramley Road, Notting Hill (finale: end of the chase) ; Cheapside ; Carlton Road, Ealing (zebra crossing on way to police exhibition) ; Gunnersbury Park (police exhibition) ; Queen Victoria Street, Blackfriars (scene of bullion robbery) ; RAF Northolt, Ruislip (airport) Paris, France ; River Seine ; Eiffel Tower Screenwriter Clarke is said to have come up with the idea of a clerk robbing his own bank while doing research for the film Pool of London (1951), a crime thriller surrounding a jewel theft. He consulted the Bank of England on the project and it set up a special committee to advise on how best the robbery could take place. Extensive location filming was

This is a document about Eurostar
  the train until London – an issue exacerbated by Belgian police threatening to arrest UK Border Agency staff at Brussels-Midi if they tried to prevent passengers whom they suspected of attempting to exploit this loophole from boarding Eurostar trains. Travel from Calais or Lille towards Brussels and the Netherlands has no border or security control. On 7 July 2020 a modified agreement was signed in Brussels that includes The Netherlands in the previous agreement. This allows for juxtaposed controls in Amsterdam and Rotterdam like those in Brussels and Paris. When the tripartite agreements were signed, the Belgian Government said that it had serious questions about the

This is a document about MS Marco Polo
  Europe and the Mediterranean during the summer months. On 13 March 2013 Cruise & Maritime voyages announced that Marco Polo would be terminating one of her northern lights cruises and go into dry dock for inspection and minor repairs after striking an uncharted object under command of the local pilot minutes after sailing from Sortland on 9 March 2013. Her cruise terminated in Antwerp with passengers being transferred to Tilbury and London via the Channel Tunnel or ferry by coach. On 14 February 2014 a passenger died and sixteen people were injured after a freak wave struck the ship in the English

This is a document about Eurostar
   The original proposals for Eurostar included direct services to Paris and Brussels from cities north of London: Manchester Piccadilly via Birmingham New Street on the West Coast Main Line and Leeds and via Edinburgh Waverley, Newcastle and  on the East Coast Main Line. Seven 14-coach "North of London" Eurostar trains for these Regional Eurostar services were built, but these services never came to fruition. Predicted journey times of almost nine hours for Glasgow to Paris at the time of growth of low-cost air travel during the 1990s made the plans commercially unviable against the cheaper and quicker airlines. Other reasons that have been suggested for these services having never been run

This is a document about Brussels tram route 23
  formed tram 7. The tram route formed a half-circle from the south of Brussels to its north via the eastern part of the city. It used to start at the Brussels-South railway station, where Eurostar and Thalys trains from the United Kingdom and France arrive, but the route was later shortened to start at Vanderkindere. Tram route 24 followed the same rails as the 23 between Vanderkindere and Princess Elizabeth stops, where tram route 24 deviated to terminate one stop later at the Schaerbeek railway station. Tram route 25 also followed the same rails as routes 23 and 24 for long, between the Buyl and Meiser stops. Starting at the Vanderkindere crossroad on the greater ring road in the municipality of Uccle, the

The Eurostar leaves from St Pancras International railway station in London.


Question: role of mercuric chloride in plant tissue culture

Answer: surface sterilisation of explants

This is a document about Mercury(II) chloride
 as a catalyst for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride, the precursor to polyvinylchloride: For this application, the mercuric chloride is supported on carbon in concentrations of about 5 weight percent. This technology has been eclipsed by the thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. Other significant applications of mercuric chloride include its use as a depolarizer in batteries and as a reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry (see below). It is being used in plant tissue culture for surface sterilisation of explants such as leaf or stem nodes. Mercuric chloride is occasionally used to form an amalgam with metals, such

This is a document about Spirodela polyrhiza
  S. polyrhiza was found to be an efficient bio accumulator of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in labor settings. Its plant biomass showed a 1000 times higher mercuric chloride concentration than its aquatic environment. Spirodela polyrhiza showed the highest accumulation factor compared to Lemna gibba and Lemna minor, which were also investigated.

This is a document about Mercury(II) chloride
 C2H2 +  HCl   →   CH2=CHCl The main application of mercuric chloride is as a catalyst for the conversion of acetylene to vinyl chloride, the precursor to polyvinylchloride: For this application, the mercuric chloride is supported on carbon in concentrations of about 5 weight percent. This technology has been eclipsed by the thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. Other significant applications of mercuric chloride include its use as a depolarizer in batteries and as a reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry (see below). It is being used in plant tissue culture for surface sterilisation of explants such as leaf or stem nodes.

This is a document about Glutathione
  In plants, glutathione is involved in stress management. It is a component of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle, a system that reduces poisonous hydrogen peroxide. It is the precursor of phytochelatins, glutathione oligomers that chelate heavy metals such as cadmium. Glutathione is required for efficient defence against plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae and Phytophthora brassicae. Adenylyl-sulfate reductase, an enzyme of the sulfur assimilation pathway, uses glutathione as an electron donor. Other enzymes using glutathione as a substrate are glutaredoxins. These small oxidoreductases are involved in flower development, salicylic acid, and plant defence signalling.

This is a document about Glutamate–cysteine ligase
  The plant glutamate cysteine ligase is a redox-sensitive homodimeric enzyme, conserved in the plant kingdom. In an oxidizing environment, intermolecular disulfide bridges are formed and the enzyme switches to the dimeric active state. The midpoint potential of the critical cysteine pair is -318 mV. In addition to the redox-dependent control, the plant GCL enzyme is feedback inhibited by glutathione. GCL is exclusively located in plastids, and glutathione synthetase (GS) is dual-targeted to plastids and cytosol, thus GSH and gamma-glutamylcysteine are exported from the plastids. Both glutathione biosynthesis enzymes are essential in plants; knock-outs of GCL and GS are lethal to embryo and seedling. As of late 2007, 6 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes, , , , , and.

This is a document about Sulfur assimilation
  of 7. Glutathione fulfils various roles in plant functioning. In sulfur metabolism it functions as reductant in the reduction of APS to sulfite. It is also the major transport form of reduced sulfur in plants. Roots likely largely depend for their reduced sulfur supply on shoot/root transfer of glutathione via the phloem, since the reduction of sulfur occurs predominantly in the chloroplast. Glutathione is directly involved in the reduction and assimilation of selenite into selenocysteine. Furthermore, glutathione is of great significance in the protection of plants against oxidative and environmental stress and it depresses/scavenges the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. Glutathione functions as reductant in the enzymatic detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the

This is a document about Alexandru Cecal
  titanosilicate, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 269 (2006) 155-160 ; Laboratory analyses of 60Co2+, 65Zn2+ and 55+59Fe3+ radiocations uptake by Lemna minor, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 42 (2006) 87-85 ; Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of U(VI) and Th(IV) sorption on a zeolitic volcanic tuff, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 270 (2006) 637-640 ; Effect of radioactive and non-radioactive mercury on wheat germination and the anti-toxic role of glutathione, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 43 (2007) 105-116 ; Uptake of uranyl ions from uranium ores and sludges by means of Spirulina platensis, Porphyridium cruentum and Nostok linckia alga, Bioresource Technology 118 (2012) 19-23

This is a document about Mercury(II) chloride
  Mercury(II) chloride or mercuric chloride (historically also known as corrosive sublimate) is the chemical compound of mercury and chlorine with the formula HgCl2. It is white crystalline solid and is a laboratory reagent and a molecular compound that is very toxic to humans. Once used as a treatment for syphilis, it is no longer used for medicinal purposes because of mercury toxicity and the availability of superior treatments.

This is a document about Magnesium chloride
  Chloride (Cl−) and magnesium (Mg2+) are both essential nutrients important for normal plant growth. Too much of either nutrient may harm a plant, although foliar chloride concentrations are more strongly related with foliar damage than magnesium. High concentrations of MgCl2 ions in the soil may be toxic or change water relationships such that the plant cannot easily accumulate water and nutrients. Once inside the plant, chloride moves through the water-conducting system and accumulates at the margins of leaves or needles, where dieback occurs first. Leaves are weakened or killed, which can lead to the death of the tree.

This is a document about Himanshu Pandya
  1) Invited by the organizing committee for 7th International Symposium on Post harvest Physiology of Ornamental Plants, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.A. November 13 to18, 1999 (ISHS, Leuven, Belgium organized). 2) Invited by the organizing committee for XXVIthInternational Horticultural Congress (IHC-2002), Toronto, Canada.-2002 (ISHS, Leuven, Belgium organized). 3) Invited by the organizing committee for XXVIth International Horticultural Congress (IHC-2002), Toronto, Canada. 2002 (ISHS, Leuven, Belgium organized). Nominated for Best Paper (Poster) and cash prize. 4). University of Texas and Medical Branch (UTMB), Isolation and Establishment of Cell Line Cultures for some Selected Plant Material, University of Texas, Galveston, USA, December-2011.

This is a document about Glutathione reductase
  As it does in human cells, glutathione reductase helps to protect plant cells from reactive oxygen species. In plants, reduced glutathione participates in the glutathione-ascorbate cycle in which reduced glutathione reduces dehydroascorbate, a reactive byproduct of the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. In particular, glutathione reductase contributes to plants' response to abiotic stress. The enzyme's activity has been shown to be modulated in response to metals, metalloids, salinity, drought, UV radiation and heat induced stress.

This is a document about Arabinogalactan protein
  in secretions of cell culture medium of root, leaf, endosperm and embryo tissues, and some exudate producing cell types such as stylar canal cells are capable of producing lavish amounts of AGPs. They are implicated in various aspects of plant growth and development, including root elongation, somatic embryogenesis, hormone responses, xylem differentiation, pollen tube growth and guidance, programmed cell death, cell expansion, salt tolerance, host-pathogen interactions, and cellular signaling. AGPs have attracted considerable attention due to their highly complex structures and potential roles in signalling. In addition, they have industrial and health applications due to their chemical/physical properties (water-holding, adhesion and emulsification).

This is a document about Mercury methylation
  Before mercury can be methylated, it must be transported into the cell through the lipid membrane. Mercury ions are bound by a mercury scavenger protein, MerP. MerP transfers the mercury ion to a cytoplasmic membrane transporter, MerT, then to the active site of mercuric reductase or mercury(II) reductase in the cytoplasm. Normally mercury would be toxic to the cell, but some microorganisms are resistant to mercury ion due to an inducible mer operon. Translation of the operon results in the synthesis of mercuric reductase. Mercuric reductase will reduce the mercury ion into elemental mercury, which is volatilized from the cell. If mercuric reductase is not employed, methylation of mercury can occur via three identified pathways.

This is a document about Hyperhydricity
  The main causes of hyperhydricity in plant tissue culture are those factors triggering oxidative stresses such as high salt concentration, high relative humidity, low light intensity, gas accumulation in the atmosphere of the jar, length of time intervals between subcultures; number of subcultures, concentration and type of gelling agent, the type of explants used, the concentrations of microelement and hormonal imbalances. Hyperhydricity is commonly apparent in liquid culture-grown plants or when there is low concentration of gelling agent. High ammonium concentration also contributes to hyperhydricity.

This is a document about Polypogon
  Polypogon monspeliensis was investigated for its mercury-accumulating properties as a phytoremediation plant. A U.S. NIS—National Institutes of Health funded study showed the plant to take up 110 times more mercury (HgS) than control plant species. This mercury hyperaccumulator sequesters the toxin in its roots in an insoluble form, reducing exposure to ecological receptors in situ and in erosion sediments.

This is a document about Sulfur assimilation
  Glutathione or its homologues, e.g. homoglutathione in Fabaceae; hydroxymethylglutathione in Poaceae are the major water-soluble non-protein thiol compounds present in plant tissue and account for 1-2% of the total sulfur. The content of glutathione in plant tissue ranges from 0.1 - 3 mM. Cysteine is the direct precursor for the synthesis of glutathione (and its homologues). First, γ-glutamylcysteine is synthesized from cysteine and glutamate catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Second, glutathione is synthesized from γ-glutamylcysteine and glycine (in glutathione homologues, β-alanine or serine) catalyzed by glutathione synthetase. Both steps of the synthesis of glutathione are ATP dependent reactions. Glutathione is maintained in the reduced form by an NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) generally exceeds a

This is a document about Dennis Robert Hoagland
  minerals as ingredients. It is concluded that the promotion of growth of tobacco callus cultured on White's modified medium is due mainly to inorganic rather than organic constituents in aqueous tobacco leaf extracts added. Table (3). Concentration of essential micronutrients in Hoagland's solution (0, 1, 2) In addition, 9 µM ferric tartrate is added to the Hoagland solution formulations (0, 1, 2), corresponding to a concentration of 18 µmol/L Fe3+. Solution (2) contains ammonium and nitrate salts and may sometimes be preferred to solution (1) because the ammonium ion delays the development of undesirable alkalinity (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) (cf. Table 2).

This is a document about Plant nutrition
  Nutrient status (mineral nutrient and trace element composition, also called ionome and nutrient profile) of plants are commonly portrayed by tissue elementary analysis. Interpretation of the results of such studies, however, has been controversial. During recent decades the nearly two-century-old “law of minimum” or “Liebig's law” (that states that plant growth is controlled not by the total amount of resources available, but by the scarcest resource) has been replaced by several mathematical approaches thatl use different models in order to take the interactions between the individual nutrients into account. Later developments in this field were based on the fact that the nutrient elements (and compounds) do not act independently from each other; Baxter, 2015, because there may be direct chemical interactions between them or they may influence each other's uptake, translocation, and biological action via a number of mechanisms as exemplified for the case of ammonia.

This is a document about Seaweed fertilizer
  Seaweed functions as a bio-remediator through its adsorption of harmful pollutants. Functional groups on the algal surface such as ester, hydroxyl, carbonyl amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate groups drive the biosorption of heavy metal ions. Seaweeds such as Gracilaria corticata varcartecala and Grateloupia lithophila effectively remove a wide variety of heavy metals, including chromium (III) and (IV), mercury (II), lead (II), and cadmium (II) from their environment. In addition, Ulva spp. and Gelidium spp. have been shown to enhance the degradation of DDT in polluted soils and may reduce its bioavailability. Although there is significant potential for seaweed to serve as a bio-remediator for polluted soils, more research is needed to fully develop the mechanisms for this process in the context of

Mercuric chloride is used as a reagent in plant tissue culture for the depolarization of plant cells.