Question: what is the deepest depth in the oceans

Answer: Mariana Trench

This is a document about Mariana Trench
 Mariana Trench The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is located in the western Pacific Ocean approximately east of the Mariana Islands, and has the deepest natural point in the world. It is a crescent-shaped trough in the Earth's crust averaging about long and wide. The maximum known depth is (± ) at the southern end of a small slot-shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep. However, some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at . For comparison: if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over under water. At

This is a document about Marine life
 matrix", the mother and womb of life. The abundance of water on earth's surface is a unique feature that distinguishes earth from other planets in the Solar System. Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth of 2,000 m. The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of 10,911.4 m. The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 metric tons, or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The oceans cover

This is a document about Deep sea community
 their unanticipated discovery using a remote camera sled two days before. The Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed point of all of Earth's oceans; it is located at the southern end of the Mariana Trench near the Mariana Islands group. The depression is named after HMS "Challenger", whose researchers made the first recordings of its depth on 23 March 1875 at station 225. The reported depth was 4,475 fathoms (8184 meters) based on two separate soundings. In 1960, Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard descended to the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the "Trieste" bathyscaphe. At this great depth a

This is a document about Biosphere
 in the Mariana Trench, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans. In fact, single-celled life forms have been found in the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, by the Challenger Deep, at depths of . Other researchers reported related studies that microorganisms thrive inside rocks up to below the sea floor under of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States, as well as beneath the seabed off Japan. Culturable thermophilic microbes have been extracted from cores drilled more than into the Earth's crust in Sweden, from rocks between . Temperature increases with increasing depth into the Earth's crust.

This is a document about Bathyscaphe Trieste
 in the dive to the bottom of the Challenger Deep during January 1960. "Trieste" departed San Diego on 5 October 1959 for Guam aboard the freighter "Santa Maria" to participate in "Project Nekton", a series of very deep dives in the Mariana Trench. On 23 January 1960, she reached the ocean floor in the Challenger Deep (the deepest southern part of the Mariana Trench), carrying Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh. This was the first time a vessel, manned or unmanned, had reached the deepest known point of the Earth's oceans. The onboard systems indicated a depth of , although this

This is a document about Deep-sea exploration
 space of four years. The first instrument used for deep-sea investigation was the sounding weight, used by British explorer Sir James Clark Ross. With this instrument, he reached a depth of in 1840. The "Challenger" expedition used similar instruments called Baillie sounding machines to extract samples from the sea bed. In 1960, Jacques Piccard and United States Navy Lieutenant Donald Walsh descended in the bathyscaphe "Trieste" into the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the world's oceans, to make the deepest dive in history: . On 25 March 2012, filmmaker James Cameron descended into the Mariana Trench and, for the

This is a document about Foraminifera
 Mariana Trench, including the Challenger Deep, the deepest part known. At these depths, below the carbonate compensation depth, the calcium carbonate of the tests is soluble in water due to the extreme pressure. The Foraminifera found in the Challenger Deep thus have no carbonate test, but instead have one of organic material. Four species found in the Challenger Deep are unknown from any other place in the oceans, one of which is representative of an endemic genus unique to the region. They are "Resigella laevis" and "R. bilocularis", "Nodellum aculeata", and "Conicotheca nigrans" (the unique genus). All have tests that

This is a document about Mariana Islands
 result of the western edge of the Pacific Plate moving westward and plunging downward below the Mariana plate, a region which is the most volcanically active convergent plate boundary on Earth. This subduction region, just east of the island chain, forms the noted Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the Earth's oceans and lowest part of the surface of the Earth's crust. In this region, according to geologic theory, water trapped in the extensive faulting of the Pacific Plate as serpentinite, is heated by the higher temperatures of depth during its subduction, the pressure from the expanding steam results in

This is a document about Bacteria
 putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Data reported by researchers in October 2012 and published in March 2013 suggested that bacteria thrive in the Mariana Trench, which, with a depth of up to 11 kilometres, is the deepest known part of the oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of

This is a document about Bathyscaphe Trieste
 Chocolate Watchband's 1968 LP "The Inner Mystique". The producers of the TV show "" named one of the show's starships U.S.S. "Trieste", after the bathyscaphe. "Trieste" appears in the 2008 novel "Flood" by Stephen Baxter. Producer Jack Dangers released the limited edition album "Bathyscaphe Trieste" on the label Primary Numbers (PRIMA007) on September 17, 2013. Bathyscaphe Trieste Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe, which with its crew of two reached a record maximum depth of about , in the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep, in the Mariana Trench near Guam in the Pacific.

This is a document about Don Walsh
 Don Walsh Don Walsh (born November 2, 1931) is an American oceanographer, explorer and marine policy specialist. He and Jacques Piccard were aboard the bathyscaphe "Trieste" when it made a record maximum descent into the Mariana Trench on January 23, 1960, the deepest point of the world's oceans. The depth was measured at , but later and more accurate measurements have measured it at 35,798 feet (10,911 m). Walsh has been associated with ocean science, engineering, and marine policy for more than fifty years. He was commissioned as an officer in the United States Navy upon graduation from the United

This is a document about Bathyscaphe Trieste
 Bathyscaphe Trieste Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe, which with its crew of two reached a record maximum depth of about , in the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep, in the Mariana Trench near Guam in the Pacific. On 23 January 1960, Jacques Piccard (son of the boat's designer Auguste Piccard) and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh achieved the goal of Project Nekton. "Trieste" was the first manned vessel to have reached the bottom of the Challenger Deep. "Trieste" consisted of a float chamber filled with gasoline (petrol) for buoyancy, with a separate

This is a document about Marine life
 of millions of viruses and tens of millions of bacteria are deposited daily on every square meter around the planet. Microscopic organisms live in every part of the biosphere. The mass of prokaryote microorganisms — which includes bacteria and archaea, but not the nucleated eukaryote microorganisms — may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon (of the total biosphere mass, estimated at between 1 and 4 trillion tons). Barophilic marine microbes have been found at more than a depth of in the Mariana Trench, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans. In fact, single-celled life forms have been

This is a document about Sea
 many new life forms to the surface from depths of over . The first observations of deep-sea animals in their natural environment were made in 1930 by William Beebe and Otis Barton who descended to in the spherical steel Bathysphere. This was lowered by cable but by 1960 a self-powered submersible, Trieste developed by Jacques Piccard, took Piccard and Don Walsh to the deepest part of the Earth's oceans, the Mariana Trench in the Pacific, reaching a record depth of about , a feat not repeated until 2012 when James Cameron piloted the Deepsea Challenger to similar depths. An atmospheric

This is a document about Earliest known life forms
 ocean, and at least high into the atmosphere. Under certain test conditions, life forms have been observed to thrive in the near-weightlessness of space and to survive in the vacuum of outer space. Life forms appear to thrive in the Mariana Trench, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans, reaching a depth of . Other researchers reported related studies that life forms thrive inside rocks up to below the sea floor under of ocean, off the coast of the northwestern United States, as well as beneath the seabed off Japan. In August 2014, scientists confirmed the existence of life forms

This is a document about Submarine
 have used thick acrylic pressure hulls. The deepest deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) to date is "Trieste". On 5 October 1959, "Trieste" departed San Diego for Guam aboard the freighter "Santa Maria" to participate in "Project Nekton", a series of very deep dives in the Mariana Trench. On 23 January 1960, "Trieste" reached the ocean floor in the Challenger Deep (the deepest southern part of the Mariana Trench), carrying Jacques Piccard (son of Auguste) and Lieutenant Don Walsh, USN. This was the first time a vessel, manned or unmanned, had reached the deepest point in the Earth's oceans. The onboard systems indicated

This is a document about Mariana Trench
 the trench was recorded when the "Challenger II" measured a depth of at , known as the Challenger Deep. In 1957, the Soviet vessel reported a depth of at a location dubbed the "Mariana Hollow". In 1962, the surface ship M.V. "Spencer F. Baird" recorded a maximum depth of using precision depth gauges. In 1984, the Japanese survey vessel "Takuyō" (拓洋) collected data from the Mariana Trench using a narrow, multi-beam echo sounder; it reported a maximum depth of , also reported as ±. Remotely Operated Vehicle "KAIKO" reached the deepest area of the Mariana Trench and made the deepest

This is a document about Earth
 of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean with a depth of . The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 metric tons or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The oceans cover an area of with a mean depth of , resulting in an estimated volume of . If all of Earth's crustal surface were at the same elevation as a smooth sphere, the depth of the resulting world ocean would be . About 97.5% of the water is saline; the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water, about 68.7%, is present as ice in ice caps and

This is a document about Deep sea community
 boiling by the high hydrostatic pressure) while within a few meters it may be back down to 2–4 °C. Salinity is constant throughout the depths of the deep sea. There are two notable exceptions to this rule: The deep sea, or deep layer, is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more. The deepest part of the deep sea is Mariana Trench located in the western North Pacific. It is also the deepest point of the earth's crust. It has a maximum depth of about 10.9 km which

This is a document about Virgin Oceanic
 ballast like a typical submersible the DeepFlight Challenger will "fly" to the ocean floor using propulsion. The DeepFlight Challenger uses a custom lithium-ion battery system to power its two motors. Over the course of 2012 and beyond, Virgin Oceanic plans for their one-person sub to journey to the deepest part of each of Earth’s five oceans. The first dive is planned for the deepest place on the planet: the bottom of the Mariana Trench – about 11 kilometers (7 mi) below the ocean's surface. This will be the third time human eyes have set sight there. This time, the plan

The deepest depth in the oceans is approximately 10,911 meters (35,798 feet) at the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench.


Question: who is talking at the beginning of wale matrimony

Answer: Jerry Seinfeld

This is a document about The Matrimony (song)
 The Matrimony (song) "The Matrimony" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 2, 2015, as the second single from his fourth studio album "The Album About Nothing" (2015). The song, produced by Jake One, features a guest appearance from Usher. The song begins with a monologue from Jerry Seinfeld. The song samples artist Daniel "Danny Keyz" Tannenbaum. A music video for "The Matrimony" was released on June 8, 2015. It was directed by Sarah McColgan. "The Matrimony" peaked at number 70 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. On June 13, 2016,

This is a document about The Matrimony (song)
 the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 digital copies in the United States. The Matrimony (song) "The Matrimony" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 2, 2015, as the second single from his fourth studio album "The Album About Nothing" (2015). The song, produced by Jake One, features a guest appearance from Usher. The song begins with a monologue from Jerry Seinfeld. The song samples artist Daniel "Danny Keyz" Tannenbaum. A music video for "The Matrimony" was released on June 8,

This is a document about The Matrimony (song)
  "The Matrimony" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Wale. It was released on March 2, 2015, as the second single from his fourth studio album The Album About Nothing (2015). The song, produced by Jake One, features a guest appearance from Usher. The song begins with a monologue from Jerry Seinfeld. The song samples artist Daniel "Danny Keyz" Tannenbaum. The song has peaked at number 70 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

This is a document about Muma Gee
  next day. On 8 May 2010, in an interview with Nigeriafilms.com, Chukwuka claimed her actions against Muma Gee were deliberate and a mere display of her blatant side. During June 2010, Muma Gee was invited for Thanksgiving at the Redeemed Christian Church, by Gus winner Emeka Ike and his wife Emma. There, she met and befriended up-and-coming Nollywood actor Prince Eke—Ike's best friend—whom she felt was God-sent and who would propose to her seconds later. On 23 June, Uwame received an engagement ring from Eke shortly after he had arrived safely from work. She would then wed him the following year.

This is a document about Wow... That's Crazy
  Wale released "Black Bonnie" and "Poledancer" in 2018 as promotional singles. The first single from the album, "On Chill" featuring Jeremih, was released on July 12, 2019. On August 26, the second single "BGM" was released. He released the third single on October 1, titled "Loyalty & Love" featuring Mannywellz. "Love... (Her Fault)", featuring Bryson Tiller was released as a single in January 2020. The album opener "Sue Me", featuring Kelly Price was released as a single in April 2020. "Sue Me" was performed as a medley with "Love... (Her Fault)", alongside Price on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah on February 11, 2020, in which Wale paid tribute to Kobe Bryant and Bryant's daughter Gianna. A video, in the form of a short-film, was released for "Sue Me" on April 22, 2020. Rap-Up described the video as "provocative and powerful", showcasing "an alternate reality where the black and white experience are reversed".

This is a document about Shine (Wale album)
 Wale – primary artist ; Lil Wayne – featured artist (track 2) ; Major Lazer – featured artist (track 4) ; Wizkid – featured artist (track 4) ; Dua Lipa – featured artist (track 4) ; G-Eazy – featured artist (track 5) ; J Balvin – featured artist (track 6) ; Travis Scott – featured artist (track 9) ; Davido – featured artist (track 10) ; Olamide – featured artist (track 10) ; Chris Brown – featured artist (track 11) ; Phil Adé – featured artist (track 14), background artist (tracks 5, 7, 11) ; Zyla Moon – featured artist (track 14) ; Rotimi –

This is a document about Gold Statue
 Gabriel Afolayan as Wale ; Kunle Remi as Chike ; Richard Mofe Damijo ; Sola Sobowale as Grace ; Kelvin Ikeduba ; Kunle Fawole ; Norbert Young ; Alibaba Akpobome ; Segun Arinze ; Rycardo Agbor

This is a document about Shershaah
  The talk Vishal Batra gives in the beginning of the film resembles the TEDx talk he gave in 2017 (evident from the same title and similar clothes.) The film depicts Vikram Batra and Dimple Cheema getting married, while she is unaware. In an interview with The Quint in 2016, Cheema revealed that, "while doing the parikrama of the Nishan Sahib, he was walking behind me. On completing the parikrama, he said 'Congratulations, Mrs. Batra'. I swirled around to see him holding one end of my dupatta." In Sikhism, completion of four rounds around the Nishan Sahib is considered a marriage ritual. The depiction of Batra filling Cheema's hair parting with his blood (a Hindu marriage ritual) was also confirmed by her in

This is a document about Aaliyah
  the marriage with her". A spokeswoman for Aaliyah said in 2000 that when "R. Kelly comes up, she doesn't even speak his name, and nobody's allowed to ask about it at all." Kelly later commented that Aaliyah had opportunities to address the pair's relationship after they separated professionally but chose not to. In 2019, Damon Dash revealed to Hip Hop Motivation that Aaliyah did not even speak of her relationship with Kelly in private; she tried multiple times to discuss it with him, but could only say that Kelly was a "bad man". Dash said he was unable to watch Surviving R. Kelly

This is a document about Husbands of Lagos
 Bolanle Ninalowo as Wale, a playboy who always has beautiful women interested in him, but also finds himself in trouble as his womanizing ways are discovered. ; Bobby Obodo as Tosan, a married man who has failed at several business ventures. He relies on his wealthy and slightly older wife, Aisha, for pocket money and investment into his business schemes. ; Uche Odoputa as Livinus, a married man and father of two. He runs a successful appliance retail store and cares very much for his family. Livinus can be very old fashioned and believes his wife is his property, often calling her his "Ego Oyinbo" (foreign currency) because of her expensive bride price. ; Kenneth Okolie

This is a document about The Wedding Party (2016 film)
 Adesua Etomi as Dunni Coker (The Bride) ; Banky Wellington as Dozie Onwuka (The Groom) ; Richard Mofe Damijo as Chief Felix Onwuka (Father of the Groom) ; Sola Sobowale as Mrs. Tinuade Coker (Mother of the Bride) ; Iretiola Doyle as Lady Obianuju Onwuka (Mother of the Groom) ; Alibaba Akporobome as Engineer Bamidele Coker (Father of the Bride) ; Zainab Balogun as Wonu (The Wedding Planner) ; Enyinna Nwigwe as Nonso Onwuka (The Groom’s Brother) ; Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama as Yemisi Disu (Maid of Honour) ; Beverly Naya as Rosie (Groom's Ex-girlfriend) ; Daniella Down as Deardre Winston (Bridesmaid) ; Afeez Oyetoro as Ayanmale ; Ikechukwu Onunaku as Sola (Best Man) ; AY Makun as MC ; Emmanuel Edunjobi as Woli (The priest) ; Kunle Idowu as Harrison ; Jumoke George as Iya Michael ; Sambasa Nzeribe as Lukman

This is a document about Wale (rapper)
  Pharrell; Bun B; Chrisette Michele; K'Naan; Marsha Ambrosius; J. Cole; and Melanie Fiona. In March 2010, Rapper Wale announced he and K'Naan would kick off a short co-headlining tour across the east coast of the US, beginning at the end of March in New York City. According to Wale, he is in the studio with Gucci Mane, Waka Flocka Flame, Roscoe Dash, Sean Garrett, and Drumma Boy. On August 3, 2010, Wale released his sixth mixtape, More About Nothing hosted by DJ Omega a follow-up to his critically acclaimed The Mixtape About Nothing under The Board Administration – an independent label co-founded with Marketing Executive Le'Greg O. Harrison. More About Nothing took

This is a document about Poke It Out
  Over the electric bass sample, Wale raps the chorus and first verse, about his relationship with women ("I just wanna see if you gon' lie or you gon' love me / I was gettin' broads way before I got the money, honey"). In the second verse, J. Cole celebrates his reunion with Wale ("Cole World and Folarin co-starrin' / We both flexin', Bo Jacksons, bogartin'"), also rapping about the attention he receives from women and being the "franchise player".

This is a document about Wale (rapper)
  An avid professional wrestling fan, Wale has made several wrestling references on his songs. Wale hosts the annual WaleMania during WrestleMania weekend. He has also made several appearances on WWE television, where he hosted a rap battle between The New Day and The Usos on the 4 July episode of Smackdown Live in 2017, and was the guest commentator during Noam Dar and TJP's match on 205 Live in 2018. On October 2, 2019, Wale escorted former NXT Tag Team champions The Street Profits to the ring for their title shot versus champions Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly. At WrestleMania 37, Wale escorted former Intercontinental Champion Big E to the ring versus champion Apollo Crews. Wale also performs Big E's new theme song as a singles competitor.

This is a document about DRB LasGidi
  Rap Royals officially kicked off with rapping and singing. They recorded over 5 tracks a day, made various freestyles to other known instrumentals and started to get a 'buzz' within their circle. Tobenna wrote the hooks with Tobi, while Ladi, and Teni handled the rapping. Ladi became known as FreshL, Teni as TZ (TeeZee) and Tobi as Tobias. Their first CD was "Coronation Vol.1". Dayo Ogundare, Boj and others appeared on this mixtape. "Marry You" was released over email. This was their first afrobeats track as a group. Boj and Tobenna made the beat and laid down verses, while FreshL rapped. It found favor on party playlists and then on a Lagos radio station. Bolaji Odojukan aka Boj then joined the group. Initially, he rapped on a few tracks, then left his unique vocals for a moment after 'Marry You' was recorded.

This is a document about My Band
  The brief introduction summarizes the song's satirical message: that Eminem is the lead "singer" of the "band" and it makes everyone else in D12 jealous and looked down upon. In the chorus, he describes how girls have confidence in the group just because he is in it, even though they “don’t even know the name of [his] band”. Eminem talks about his own popularity in the first verse and the conflict it creates within the group. He describes episodes such as female fans attempting to make sexual advances when meeting him offstage, and group member Kuniva trying to attack him with a knife when he claims that Jessica Alba is his "wife-to-be". In the

This is a document about Boi-1da production discography
 08. "25 Wives" (featuring Wale)

This is a document about Empire (2015 TV series)
  assistant. ; Gabourey Sidibe as Rebecca "Becky" Williams (season 2–6; recurring in season 1) ; Executive assistant to Lucious at Empire Entertainment. After Jamal's promotion to Vice Chairman, Jamal promotes Becky to A&R at Empire and its sub-label, Gutter Life Records. In season 4, she had taken Anika's position as Head of A&R requested by Cookie. ; Serayah as Tiana Brown (seasons 2–6; recurring in season 1) ; An artist at Empire Entertainment who becomes Hakeem's girlfriend for some time. In season two, she leaves Empire for Lyon Dynasty. She also starts to get jealous of the relationship Hakeem has

This is a document about Madu Tiga
  the beach. One day, Latifah and Hasnah meet by chance at a gold shop and get into an argument, during which it is revealed that both of them are still married to Jamil. Before the fight can escalate, Rohani stumbles by and stops them, advising them to find a way to settle their differences peacefully. Rohani volunteers to act as mediator, and asks them to come to her house for a discussion. The day that Hasnah and Latifah visit Rohani's house, Jamil is also there and hides when he sees his first and second wife. Rohani calls Jamil out to join them, but he refuses to answer.

The beginning of Wale's "Matrimony" song features a monologue from comedian Daniel Tannenbaum.


Question: where did the french national anthem come from

Answer: Strasbourg

This is a document about La Marseillaise
 led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. As the French Revolution continued, the monarchies of Europe became concerned that revolutionary fervor would spread to their countries. The War of the First Coalition was an effort to stop the revolution, or at least contain it to France. Initially, the French army did not distinguish itself, and Coalition armies invaded France. On 25 April 1792, baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, the mayor of Strasbourg, requested his guest Rouget de Lisle compose a song "that will rally our soldiers from

This is a document about La Marseillaise
 way when it was written. Strasbourg itself was attacked just a few days later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version ("Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen") was published in October 1792 in Colmar. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem. It later lost this status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned outright by Louis XVIII and Charles X, only being re-instated

This is a document about De Dietrich
  today. 1792 : Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich (Jean's son), first mayor of Strasbourg in republican France, orders captain Rouget de Lisle to compose a military hymn for the Army of the Rhine. First sung in Philippe-Frederic's parlor on Place Broglie, "La Marseillaise" became France's national anthem. 1804 : After the havoc left by the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte helps De Dietrich rebuild. 1848 : De Dietrich embraces the industrial era by progressively reducing the production of cast irons in favor of mechanical and railroad equipment. 1870 : Despite the annexation by Germany of Alsace-Lorraine, the Dietrich family decides to remain close to the factories and employees and stays

This is a document about The Internationale
  The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, previously a member of the Paris Commune) and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise". In 1888 Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the earlier lyrics to the melody of Chant du depart with slight modifications. De Geyter's melody was first publicly performed in July 1888, and soon thereafter Pottier's lyrics became closely associated with, and widely used with, De Geyter's new melody. Thus "The Internationale" gained an identity that was entirely distinct, and no longer in any way directly tied to the French national anthem, the Marseillaise. In a successful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version ("Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen") was published in October 1792 in Colmar. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem. It later lost this status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned outright by Louis XVIII and Charles X, being re-instated only briefly after the July Revolution of 1830. During Napoleon I's reign, "Veillons au

This is a document about Symbolism in the French Revolution
   "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. Cerulo says, "the design of "La Marseillaise" is credited to General Strasburg of France, who is saidto have directed de Lisle, the composer of the anthem, to 'produce one of those hymns which conveys to the soul of the people the enthusiasm which it (the music) suggests.'"

This is a document about Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars
  Despite protesting that the army was not in condition to fight, Rochambeau obeyed his orders. He departed Paris and moved towards Valenciennes on 21 April to assume command of the northern army, and make final preparations for the invasion. Rochambeau's subordinate general Biron and maréchal du camp Théobald Dillon would lead the invasion. The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, was composed in Strasbourg, April 25, while the French were still mustering troops, as the "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine"). The French army performed poorly in the first engagements. At the Battle of Marquain near Tournai (29 April), French soldiers

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  "La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine"). The French National Convention adopted it as the Republic's anthem in 1795. The song acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching to the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music.

This is a document about French Revolution
  "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style, while the evocative melody and lyrics led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. De Lisle was instructed to 'produce a hymn which conveys to the soul of the people the enthusiasm which it (the music) suggests.'

This is a document about Hermann Vezin
  Vezin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Charles Henri/Carl Heinrich Vezin (1782–1853), a German merchant of French heritage, and his wife Emilie, née Kalinsky (1804–1858). His great-great-grandfather Pierre (de) Vezin (1654-1727) was married on the 14th August 1689 in the St. Clement's Basilica in Hanover to the seventeenth-century French actress Marie Charlotte Pâtissier de Châteauneuf (1672-1729). Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise," was one of his distant cousins. After studying law for several years, Vezin graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with an A.B. in 1847 and later a master's degree in 1850. Despite resistance from his family,

This is a document about National anthem
  Marseillaise in 1830, in the wake of the July Revolution, as the national anthem of France, it became common for newly formed nations to define national anthems, notably as a result of the Latin American wars of independence, for Argentina (1813), Peru (1821), Brazil (1831) but also Belgium (1830). Consequently adoption of national anthems prior to the 1930s was mostly by newly formed or newly independent states, such as the First Portuguese Republic (A Portuguesa, 1911), the Kingdom of Greece ("Hymn to Liberty", 1865), the First Philippine Republic (Marcha Nacional Filipina, 1898), Lithuania (Tautiška giesmė, 1919), Weimar Germany (Deutschlandlied, 1922), Republic of Ireland (Amhrán na bhFiann, 1926) and

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  de l'Empire" was the unofficial anthem of the regime, and in Napoleon III's reign, it was "Partant pour la Syrie", but the Government brought back the iconic anthem in an attempt to motivate the French people during the Franco-Prussian War. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, "La Marseillaise" was recognised as the anthem of the international revolutionary movement; as such, it was adopted by the Paris Commune in 1871, albeit with new lyrics under the title "La marseillaise de la Commune". Eight years later, in 1879, it was restored as France's national anthem, and has remained so ever since.

This is a document about List of national anthems
  1770; its origins remain unclear; it is suggested that it has 16th century Venetian origins, or even that it was composed by king Frederick the Great himself; it is also one of the few national anthems that has never had official lyrics. Anthems became increasingly popular among European states in the 18th century. For example, the British national anthem "God Save the Queen" was first performed as "God Save the King" in 1745. The French anthem "La Marseillaise" was written half a century later in 1792, and adopted in 1795. National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whether de

This is a document about La Brabançonne
  According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, by a young revolutionary called "Jenneval", who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or café. Jenneval, a Frenchman whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), did in fact write the Brabançonne. At the time, he was an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. François van Campenhout composed the accompanying score, based on the tune of a French song called "L'Air des lanciers polonais" ("the tune of the Polish Lancers"), written by the French poet Eugène de Pradel, whose tune was itself an adaptation of the tune of a song, "L'Air du magistrat irréprochable", found in a

This is a document about History of Provence
  Aix and Avignon, was rural, conservative and largely royalist, it did produce some memorable figures in the French Revolution: Provence also produced the most memorable song of the period, La Marseillaise. The song was originally written by a citizen of Strasbourg, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792. It was originally a war song for the revolutionary Army of the Rhine. It became famous when sung on the streets of Paris by the volunteers from Marseille, who had heard it in Marseille sung by a young volunteer from Montpellier named François Mireur. It became the most popular song of the French Revolution and in 1879 became the national anthem of France. The French Revolution was

This is a document about Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars
  officers and volunteers from the middle class. There was also animosity between the old regulars (the "whites", from their uniform) and the new soldiers who joined the army as volunteers in 1791–2 (the so-called "blues"). And because of the revolutionary egalitarian ideas penetrating the ranks of the military, there was distrust against the remaining noble officers; their loyalty to the cause of the Revolution and their orders were questioned. One lasting morale-boosting effect was the composition of the battle hymn Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin ("War Song for the Rhine Army") by Rouget de Lisle in April 1792. It became popular among French soldiers nationwide, and was soon identified with a battalion from Marseille. Thus, the song became known as La Marseillaise, and on 26 Messidor III (14 July 1795) and again on 14 February 1879 it was officially recognised as the national anthem of France.

This is a document about Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!
  The anthem is officially written in both French (the colonial language) and Malagasy (the predominant local Austronesian language). This is because prior to Madagascar being conquered by the French in 1896, the island was already home to many different people groups, beginning with the arrival of Austronesians in AD 350. African migrants came from AD 1000 and onwards, as well as other smaller groups, making Madagascar a very diverse nation and explaining the emphasis in the anthem of uniting as a nation based on the beauty of the land rather than a specific ethnic identity. In all, the people of Madagascar were influenced by Austronesian, French, Indian, Arab, and African cultural and religious practices. Although the independence movement in Madagascar can be traced back to the nationalist attacks against the French in late March 1947, it is officially credited to the successful referendum vote in 1958 and the founding of the Malagasy Republic on October 14, 1958. They were officially granted independence from France on June 20, 1960 and became known as the Republic of Madagascar.

This is a document about Il Canto degli Italiani
  came to my hands: in my agitation I turned the lamp over the harpsichord and, consequently, also on the poor sheet; this was the origin of the Fratelli d'Italia" Mameli, who was Republican, Jacobin and supporter of the motto born from the French Revolution liberté, égalité, fraternité, to write the text of Il Canto degli Italiani was inspired by the French national anthem, La Marseillaise. For example, "Stringiamci a coorte" recalls the verse of the La Marseillaise, "Formez vos bataillon" ("Form your battalions"). In origin was, in the first version of the Canto degli Italiani, another verse that was dedicated to Italian

This is a document about Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
  The song that has immortalized him, "La Marseillaise", was composed at Strasbourg, where Rouget de Lisle was garrisoned in April 1792. France had just declared war on Austria, and the mayor of Strasbourg and worshipful master of the local masonic lodge, baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, held a dinner for the officers of the garrison, at which he lamented that France had no national anthem. Rouget de Lisle returned to his quarters and wrote the words in a fit of patriotic excitement. The piece was at first called Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") and only received its name of Marseillaise from its adoption

This is a document about Bastille Day military parade
  part in the parade's finale parachute display was injured and taken care of at once by the medical personnel, in front of everyone in attendance. 2013's parade saw troops from Mali (including members of the French-led multinational intervention force) and Croatia, the newest EU member, march past. The Hector Berlioz arrangement of the national anthem was played on this parade by the band of the Troupes de Marine (forming the medal of the National Order of Merit on the grounds of the Place de la Concorde together with civilian participants forming the ribbon) and the French Army Chorus with soloist

The French national anthem, "La Marseillaise," originated in Strasbourg, France, in 1792. It was originally composed by Claude-François de Rougemont, a captain in the French army, as a military song to rally the troops. The lyrics were later set to the tune of a popular French folk song, "The Chant du Depart," by Eugène Pottier in 1888. The anthem was first performed in Strasbourg and later adopted by the French Revolutionary government in 1795. It was banned


Question: what is the style of arch found at the great mosque at cordoba

Answer: an upper semi-circular arch

This is a document about Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
 would otherwise be possible with relatively low columns. The double arches consist of a lower horseshoe arch and an upper semi-circular arch. The famous alternating red and white voussoirs of the arches were inspired by those in the Dome of the Rock and also resemble those of the Aachen Cathedral, which were built almost at the same time. Horseshoe arches were known in the Iberian Peninsula since late Antiquity, as can be seen on the 3rd-century "Estela de los Flavios", now in the archaeological museum of León. A centrally located honeycombed dome has blue tiles decorated with stars. The edifice

This is a document about Islamic architecture
  The Great Mosque of Córdoba in Al-Andalus was initially built with a system of double-arched arcades supporting the flat timberwork ceiling. The columns of the arcades are connected by horseshoe arches which support brick pillars, which are in turn interconnected by semicircular arches. In the 10th-century additions to the mosque changes were introduced into the basic architectural design: horseshoe arches were now used for the upper row of arcades, which were now supported by five-pass arches. In sections which now supported domes, additional supporting structures were needed to bear the thrust of the cupolas. The architects solved this problem by the construction of intersecting three- or five-pass arches. The three domes spanning the vaults in front of the mihrab wall are constructed as ribbed vaults. Rather than meeting

This is a document about Madinat al-Zahra
  Artistically, Medina Azahara played a great role in formulating a distinct Andalusian Islamic architecture (also referred to as "Moorish" architecture), as well as establishing a more particular "caliphal" style of the 10th century. The congregational mosque (or Aljama Mosque) of Madinat al-Zahra bears close resemblance to the Great Mosque of Córdoba (at least prior to the latter's expansion by Al-Hakam II), and replicated its rows of double-tiered arches. The horseshoe arch, which had also appeared in the Great Mosque of Cordoba already, became further ubiquitous in Madinat al-Zahra and consolidated its distinctive form: the arch consisted of about three quarters of a circle and was usually contained within a rectangular frame known as an alfiz. The extensive arabesque decoration, carved in relief across many wall surfaces, demonstrate

This is a document about University of al-Qarawiyyin
  the rest of the mosque by a number of architectural embellishments. The arches that run along it are of varying shapes, including both horseshoe arches and multi-lobed arches. Instead of the plain timber ceilings, most sections of the nave are covered by a series of intricate muqarnas ceilings and cupolas, each slightly different from the other, as well as two "ribbed" dome cupolas (similar to the domes of the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Cristo de la Luz Mosque in Toledo) dating from the Almoravid and Alaouite periods. Many of the muqarnas compositions are further decorated with intricate reliefs of arabesques and Arabic inscriptions in both Kufic and cursive letters. Additionally, there are

This is a document about Kasbah Mosque (Marrakesh)
  Like most Almohad mosques, the mosque is relatively austere and much of its aesthetic effect inside is achieved by the rhythmic repetition of arches in the courtyard and prayer hall. The arches themselves vary slightly in shape and look. Most are horseshoe arches, with many of them embellished slightly by the carved outlines of pointed or polylobed arches around them. Some of the arches (around the mihrab, for example), are more elaborate polylobed and "lambrequin" (muqarnas-shaped) arches, all commonly found in Moorish architecture. Some of the pillars of the arches also feature small engaged columns with ornate capitals from the Almohad and Saadian periods. Additionally, in the outer aisles of the mosque (including the galleries around the courtyard) the wall-space around the arches is marked by bands and lines of stucco carved with geometric and arabesque patterns, very similar to those found in the Mouassine Mosque and Bab Doukkala Mosque from the Saadian period.

This is a document about Mosque of Cristo de la Luz
  arcade is articulated. This facade has a lobed arch, horseshoe arch, and a wider version of a horseshoe arch. Brickwork arches provide the decoration for the facade which are influenced by the architecture in Córdoba. In later years a Mudejar semi-circular apse was added. In the process of the addition the qibla wall and mihrab were lost. The use of the mudejar style provided a smooth transition from the original structure to the apse, as the addition uses the same style of decoration and materials as the original. The continuation of the arch motif is an important link between the two sections of the building.

This is a document about Horseshoe arch
  accentuate the effect of its shape. This can be seen at a large scale in their major work, the Great Mosque of Córdoba. This style of horseshoe arch then spread all over the Caliphate and adjacent areas, and was adopted by the successor Muslim emirates of the peninsula, the taifas, as well as by the Almoravid dynasty, Almohad Caliphate, and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Lobed, round, pointed and multifoil arches were also used at that time. The Mozarabs also adopted this style of arch into their architecture and illuminated manuscripts. Horseshoe arches were also used in the Great Mosque of Kairouan (the earliest surviving part being the mihrab of 862–863), the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo (completed 879), and

This is a document about Islamic architecture
  power during the Caliphate of Cordoba in the 10th century. The Great Mosque at Córdoba, built in 785–786, marks the earliest major monument of Moorish architecture in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). This style of architecture established in Al-Andalus was also largely shared with the architecture of western North Africa (the Maghreb), from which later empires in the region would also emerge and contribute to its artistic evolution. The original Great Mosque of Cordoba was noted for its unique hypostyle hall with rows of double-tiered, two-coloured, arches, which were repeated and maintained in later extensions of the building. The mosque was

This is a document about Moorish architecture
  arches were particularly predominant afterwards in al-Andalus under the Umayyads of Cordoba, although the "Moorish" arch was of a slightly different and more sophisticated form than the Visigothic arch. Arches were not only used for supporting the weight of the structure above them. Blind arches and arched niches were also used as decorative elements. The mihrab (niche symbolizing the qibla) of a mosque was almost invariably in the shape of horseshoe arch. Starting in the Almoravid period, the first pointed or "broken" horseshoe arches began to appear in the region and became more widespread during the Almohad period. This arch is likely of North African origin, since pointed arches were already present in earlier Fatimid architecture further east.

This is a document about Rib vault
  In the Moorish architecture of Spain, Islamic architects used these ribbed vaults more visibly. One notable example is found in the Great Mosque of Córdoba, which was begun in the 9th century and extended between 922 and 965 by Al-Hakam II. The Chapel of Villaviciosa, as this part of the mosque became known when it was converted to a Roman Catholic church in the 13th century, has a dome which rests upon ribs and pendentives. At each vertex of the square is the intersection with another arch, such that each intersection is the junction of three arches. At each corner is a further miniature cross-vault dome. In the other domes of the 10th century reconstruction of the Great Mosque, the ribs intersect one another off-centre, forming an eight-pointed star in the centre which

This is a document about Sacral architecture
  Byzantine architecture had a great influence on early Islamic architecture with its characteristic horseshoe arches, vaults and domes. Many forms of mosques have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. Notable mosque types include the early Abbasid mosques, T-type mosques, and the central-dome mosques of Anatolia. The earliest styles in Islamic architecture produced 'Arab-plan' or hypostyle mosques during the Umayyad Dynasty. These mosques follow a square or rectangular plan with enclosed courtyard and covered prayer hall. Most early hypostyle mosques had flat prayer hall roofs, which required numerous columns and supports. The Mezquita in Córdoba, Spain was constructed as a hypostyle mosque supported by over 850 columns. Arab-plan mosques continued under the Abbasid dynasty.

This is a document about Moorish architecture
  Characteristic elements of Moorish architecture include horseshoe or "Moorish" arches, interlacing arches, central courtyards, riad gardens, intricately carved wood and stucco as decoration, muqarnas sculpting, and decorative tile work known as zellij in Arabic or azulejo in Spanish and Portuguese. The architectural tradition is exemplified by mosques, madrasas, palaces, fortifications, hammams (bathhouses), funduqs (caravanserais), and other historic building types common to the Islamic world. Notable examples include the Mezquita in Córdoba (784–987, in four phases); the ruined palace-city of Medina Azahara (936–1010); the church (former mosque) San Cristo de la Luz in Toledo; the Aljafería in Zaragoza; the Alhambra (mainly 1338–1390 ) and Generalife (1302–9 and 1313–24) in Granada; the Giralda in Seville (1184); the Kutubiyya Mosque, Hassan Mosque, Andalusian Mosque, and al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in Morocco; the Great

This is a document about Lambrequin arch
  arch. Its origins are also traced further back to the "mixtilinear" arches seen in the oratory of the 11th-century Aljaferia Palace in Zaragoza. This type of arch was introduced into the Maghreb and Al-Andalus regions during the Almoravid period (11th-12th centuries), with an early appearance in the funerary section of the Qarawiyyin Mosque (in Fez) dating from the early 12th century. It then became common in subsequent Almohad, Marinid, and Nasrid architecture, in many cases used to highlight the arches near the mihrab area of a mosque. Muqarnas arches are also found abundantly the Alhambra palaces in Granada, for example, particularly the Court of Lions.

This is a document about Multifoil arch
  in al-Andalus (present-day Spain), in particular the arches of the maqsura area added to the mosque in the 10th century by al-Hakam II. Ettinghausen and Grabar argue that the form of these arches probably developed locally in al-Andalus, noting that in Cordoba they occurred as structural elements while in the eastern Islamic world they occurred mostly as decorative elements. Another scholar, Ignacio Arce, notes that Ettinghausen and Grabar did not take into account the earlier occurrences at the Qasr al-Hallabat mosque, where polylobed arches are used as structural elements. Jonathan Bloom also argues that the intersecting cusped arches of the Great Mosque of Cordoba were a local development, likely the result of a deliberate elaboration from the older two-tiered round arches that were part of the mosque since its initial foundation in 785.

This is a document about Mihrab
  The mihrab in the Great Mosque of Cordoba is a highly decorated piece of art that draws one's attention. It is a contribution made by Al-Hakam II that is not just used for prayer. It is used as a place of convergence in the mosque, where visitors could be amazed by its beauty and gilded designs. The entrance is covered in mosaics "which links to the Byzantium tradition, produced by the craftsmen sent by Emperor Nicephorus II. These mosaics extend along the voussoirs with a geometric and plant-based design, but also in the inscriptions which record verses from the Koran". This mihrab is also a bit different from a normal mihrab due to its scale. It takes up a whole room instead of just a niche. This style of mihrab set a standard for other mihrab construction in the region. The use of the horseshoe arch, carved stucco, and glass mosaics made an impression for the aesthetic of mihrabs, "although no other extant mihrab in Spain or western North Africa is as elaborate."

This is a document about History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
  the end of the 12th century, with patterns based upon the square or octagon. Other examples include the domes of San Miguel de Almazán, Santa Cruz de Olorón, and San Blas Hospital. Contemporary Islamic examples in Spain and North Africa are distinguished from the Christian by the use of thinner and more numerous arches, such as those of the Alcázar of Seville, the Villena Castle in Alicante, the Great Mosque of Taza, and the minaret of Koutoubia Mosque. The style experienced a revival in early 16th century Spain when one of the crossed-arch domes of the Great Mosque of Córdoba was used as the model for domes at Zaragoza, Teruel, and Tarazona.

This is a document about Aljafería
  original pigment from being seen. The dome of the mosque was not preserved, because the palace of the Catholic Monarchs was built at that level. However, the characteristic octagonal plan suggests that it would have looked like existing ones in the maqsurah of the mosque of Córdoba, a dome of interlaced semicircular arches forming an octagon in the center. Francisco Íñiguez created a detachable plaster dome. In 2006, Bernabé Cabañero Subiza, C. Lasa Gracia, and J. L. Mateo Lázaro postulated that "the ribs of the vault [...] should have the section of horseshoe arches forming an eight-pointed star pattern with a dome agglomerated in the center, like those in the two domes of the transept of the Mosque of Córdoba."

This is a document about Islamic Golden Age
  spiralling minaret was constructed. The beginning of construction of the Great Mosque at Cordoba in 785 marked the beginning of Islamic architecture in Spain and Northern Africa. The mosque is noted for its striking interior arches. Moorish architecture reached its peak with the construction of the Alhambra, the magnificent palace/fortress of Granada, with its open and breezy interior spaces adorned in red, blue, and gold. The walls are decorated with stylized foliage motifs, Arabic inscriptions, and arabesque design work, with walls covered in geometrically patterned glazed tiles. Many traces of Fatimid architecture exist in Cairo today, the most defining examples include the Al Azhar University and the Al Hakim mosque.

This is a document about Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
  hall with the following: Interest in the mosque's interior is created, then, not by the application of a skin of decoration to a separately conceived building but by the transformation of the morphemes of the architecture itself: the arches and voussoirs. Because we share the belief that architectural components must by definition behave logically, their conversion into agents of chaos fuels a basic subversion of our expectations concerning the nature of architecture. The tensions that grow from these subverted expectations create an intellectual dialogue between building and viewer that will characterize the evolving design of the Great Mosque of Cordoba for over two hundred years. The

This is a document about History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
  elements of both Byzantine and Persian architecture, using both pendentives and squinches. The origin of the crossed-arch dome type is debated, but the earliest known example is from the tenth century at the Great Mosque of Córdoba. In Egypt, a "keel" shaped dome profile was characteristic of Fatimid architecture. The use of squinches became widespread in the Islamic world by the tenth and eleventh centuries. Bulbous domes were used to cover large buildings in Syria after the eleventh century, following an architectural revival there, and the present shape of the Dome of the Rock's dome likely dates from this time. Christian domes in Romanesque church architecture, especially those of the Holy

The style of arch found at the Great Mosque of Córdoba is a horseshoe arch.


Question: dwarfs in snow white and the huntsman movie

Answer: Bob Hoskins

This is a document about Snow White and the Huntsman
 with Emily Blunt. It was later announced that Cedric Nicolas-Troyan would take over as the new director for the film. Nick Frost will return as Dwarf Nion and Jessica Chastain will star. On March 18, 2015, Rob Brydon, Alexandra Roach and Sheridan Smith were added to the cast as dwarves. "TheWrap" confirmed on May 7, 2015, that Sam Claflin would return as William in this sequel. It was later revealed that the film would feature Ravenna's sister, the Ice Queen, and would reveal the origins of the Huntsman, while also continuing the story of the first film. Snow White and

This is a document about Heigh-Ho
 in a recent Levi's commercial entitled "We Are All Workers". In the last scene of "Scared Shrekless", the song can be heard as the dwarfs silhouettes are seen on a rock as the dwarfs walk along shortly before they are egged by Shrek and the gang. Brian Wilson covered it in a medley on his album "In the Key of Disney", which was released on October 25, 2011. Polskie Radio Program III ("Trójka") uses "Heigh-Ho" as the jingle of its Economical Informator. The song is also briefly referenced in "Snow White and the Huntsman" when the dwarf Beith (Ian McShane)

This is a document about Seven Dwarfs
  to an Ogham letter. In Snow White and the Huntsman, the Seven Dwarfs started out as eight dwarfs when they are encountered by Snow White and Eric the Huntsman while fleeing Queen Ravenna. The Seven Dwarfs are:  The Dwarfs were played by actors without dwarfism who had their faces digitally transmuted onto small bodies, prompting a protest from the Little People of America. In The Huntsman: Winter's War, Nion returns where he aids Eric the Huntsman in retrieving the Magic Mirror which was stolen before it can be sealed away. They are aided by Nion's half-brother Gryff (portrayed by Rob Brydon) who is a debt collector.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman is a fictional character in Snow White.

This is a document about Snow White and the Huntsman
  Snow White and the Huntsman is a 2012 American fantasy film based on the German fairy tale "Snow White" compiled by the Brothers Grimm. The film is the directorial debut of Rupert Sanders, with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty, John Lee Hancock and Hossein Amini, from a screen story by Daugherty. The cast includes Kristen Stewart, Charlize Theron, Chris Hemsworth, Sam Claflin, and Bob Hoskins in his final film performance. In the film's retelling of the tale, Snow White grows up imprisoned by her evil stepmother, Queen Ravenna, a powerful sorceress. After Snow White escapes into the forest, Ravenna enlists Eric, the Huntsman to capture her, but he becomes her compatriot in a quest to overthrow Ravenna. Snow White and the Huntsman was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on May 30, 2012 and

This is a document about Snow White (1916 film)
 Marguerite Clark as Snow White ; Creighton Hale as Prince Florimond ; Dorothy Cumming as Queen Brangomar ; Lionel Braham as Berthold the Huntsman ; Alice Washburn as Witch Hex (*see below) ; Richard Barthelmess as Pie Man ; Arthur Donaldson as King ; Irwin Emmer as Dwarf ; Billy Platt as Dwarf ; Herbert Rice as Dwarf ; Jimmy Rosen as Dwarf May Robson as Witch Hex (she replaced originally scheduled Alice Washburn) ; Kate Lester as a dowager queen  uncredited

This is a document about Ever After High
  her food and approved it. ; Hunter Huntsman (voiced by Grant George ) – The son of the Huntsman from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Little Red Riding Hood. He has short brown hair, and usually wears a green shirt, a brown hoodie, a leather-like vest, tan pants, and tall hiking boots. He also carries a textured messenger bag. He enjoys helping animals, and his special ability is to be able to fashion things out of the random materials he has available, although he considers himself bad at making traps as they always break. He loves fellow animal lover Ashlynn

This is a document about Snow White and the Huntsman
  set with Emily Blunt. It was later announced that Cedric Nicolas-Troyan would take over as the new director for the film. Nick Frost would return as Dwarf Nion and Jessica Chastain would star. On March 18, 2015, Rob Brydon, Alexandra Roach and Sheridan Smith were added to the cast as dwarves. TheWrap confirmed on May 7, 2015, that Sam Claflin would return as William in this sequel. It was later revealed that the film would feature Ravenna's sister, the Ice Queen, and would reveal the origins of the Huntsman, while also continuing the story of the first film. The film, which is both a prequel and a sequel, was released in 2016 as The Huntsman: Winter's War.

This is a document about Seven Dwarfs
  The Seven Dwarfs are a group of seven fictional dwarfs that appear in the 1812 fairy tale "Snow White" and other renditions and adaptations.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman is one of the two title characters in the film Snow White and the Huntsman, played by Chris Hemsworth. Eric is a huntsman whose wife, Sara, was seemingly killed while he was fighting in a war. After Snow White escapes into the Dark Forest, Queen Ravenna and her brother Finn make a bargain with Eric the Huntsman to capture Snow White, promising to bring his wife back to life in exchange. The Huntsman tracks down Snow White, but when Finn reveals that Ravenna does not actually have the power to do what she promised, the Huntsman fights him and his men while Snow White runs away. Throughout the film, Eric becomes Snow White's ally in the fight against Queen Ravenna. His allegiance slowly becomes both absolute (after finding himself smitten by the same purity in the princess that he loved in his wife) and resolute (after the revelation of the Queen's duplicity having been the cause of the death of his wife).

This is a document about Snow White
  The Forest Is Not Enough (7 Zwerge – Der Wald ist nicht genug) (2006), sequel to the 2004 German film 7 Dwarves – Men Alone in the Wood ; Sydney White (2007), a modernization, starring Amanda Bynes ; Blancanieves (2012), a silent Spanish film based on the fairy tale. ; Mirror Mirror (2012), starring Julia Roberts as the Evil Queen Clementianna, Lily Collins as Snow White, Armie Hammer as Prince Andrew Alcott, and Nathan Lane as Brighton, the Queen's majordomo. ; The Huntsman series: ; Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), starring Kristen Stewart, Charlize Theron, Chris Hemsworth, and Sam Claflin. ; The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016), which features Snow White as a minor character.

This is a document about Dwarf (folklore)
  There were seven dwarfs in the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale Snow White. Walt Disney's 1937 film based on the story, is one of the most well-known adaptations today. Most dwarfs in modern fiction closely follow those of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, where the dwarves (Tolkien's spelling) were distinguished from elves. Most modern fantasy media have continued this distinction, beginning with TSR's Dungeons & Dragons. Dungeons & Dragons calls the dwarfs "dwarves" and the dark dwarves "duergar". They are also present in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia, in both the books and the film adaptations.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman appears in the 1987 Snow White film portrayed by Amnon Meskin. When the Huntsman takes Snow White away from the King to kill her on the Evil Queen's orders, Snow White figures out her stepmother's plot and escapes from him.

This is a document about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the supervising director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben Sharpsteen directed the film's individual sequences. Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California on

This is a document about Four Great Women and a Manicure
  In the second tale, Lisa tells the story of Snow White, with herself in the title role. Her version features the dwarves Crabby (Moe), Drunky (Barney), Hungry (Homer), Greedy (Mr. Burns), Lenny (Lenny), Kearney (Kearney) and Doc (Julius Hibbert), following the appearance of the Blue-Haired Lawyer who tells Lisa that Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs has been copyrighted by the Walt Disney Corporation, prompting Lisa to change the characters to avoid being sued. When the wicked queen learns from her magic high-definition television that Snow White is fairer than she is, she dispatches her huntsman (Groundskeeper Willie) to murder the young maiden. However, Willie the huntsman cannot

This is a document about Snow White
  down the story for children. A popular version of Snow White is the 1937 American animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Walt Disney. Disney's variation of Snow White gave the dwarfs names and included a singing Snow White. The Disney film also is the only version in which Snow White and her prince meet before she bites the apple; in fact, it is this meeting that sets the plot in motion. Instead of her lungs and liver, as written in the original, the huntsman is asked by the queen to bring back Snow White's heart. While the heart is mentioned, it is never shown in the box. Snow White is much more

This is a document about Kippei Shiina
 Snow White and the Huntsman, Eric the Huntsman (Chris Hemsworth)

This is a document about Rupert Sanders
 Snow White and the Huntsman (2012) ; Ghost in the Shell (2017)

This is a document about 1974 in animation
 February 4: Stuart Buchanan, American voice actor (voice of The Huntsman in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), dies at age 79.

This is a document about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
  thought that the dwarfs would be the main focus of the story, and many sequences were written for the seven characters. However, at a certain point, it was decided that the main thrust of the story was provided by the relationship between the Queen and Snow White. For this reason, several sequences featuring the dwarfs were cut from the film. The first, which was animated in its entirety before being cut, showed Doc and Grumpy arguing about whether Snow White should stay with them. Another, also completely animated, would have shown the dwarfs eating soup noisily and messily; Snow White unsuccessfully attempts to teach them how to eat

In the "Snow White and the Huntsman" movie, the Seven Dwarfs are portrayed as small men with faces digitally transposed onto actors without dwarfism. They are led by Nion, played by Rob Brydon, and Gryffryd, played by Gryffryd. The dwarfs have a small role in the film, and they are not named individually. The Huntsman, played by Chris Hemsworth, encounters them in the forest.


Question: who sings the song where have all the flowers gone

Answer: Pete Seeger

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
 of the first in May 1960 in Bloomington, Indiana. In 2010, the "New Statesman" listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs". The song appeared on the compilation album "Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits" (1967) released by Columbia Records as CS 9416. Pete Seeger's recording from the Columbia album "The Bitter and the Sweet" (November 1962), CL 1916, produced by John H. Hammond was also released as a Columbia Hall of Fame 45 single as 13-33088 backed by "Little Boxes" in August, 1965. Pete Seeger's recording of his composition was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
 Where Have All the Flowers Gone? "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in "Sing Out!" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical "where?" and meditation on death place the song in the "ubi sunt" tradition. In 2010, the "New Statesman" listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs". The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records Hall of Fame series 45 single,

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
 a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have "qualitative or historical significance." Where Have All the Flowers Gone? "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" is a modern folk-style song. The melody and the first three verses were written by Pete Seeger in 1955 and published in "Sing Out!" magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical "where?" and meditation on death place the song in the "ubi sunt" tradition. In 2010, the "New Statesman" listed it

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
 13-33088, by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category. Seeger found inspiration for the song in October 1955 while he was on a plane bound for a concert at Oberlin College, one of the few venues which would hire him during the McCarthy era. Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage, "Where are the flowers, the girls have plucked them. Where are the girls, they've all taken husbands. Where are the men, they're all in the army." These lines were taken from the traditional Cossack folk song "Koloda-Duda", referenced in

This is a document about Ubi sunt
 looked along the ranks in vain to find, what had become of them? Killed at Williamsburg, killed at Fair Oaks, killed at Glendale, killed at Malvern Hill; wounded or sick in the hospitals; prisoners at Richmond; deserters, we knew not where." The final verse of the Paul Simon song "Mrs. Robinson" uses the motif, asking, "Where have you gone, Joe DiMaggio?" Simon's later explication of the song's meaning is consistent with the "ubi sunt" motif. Other examples from the American Folk Era are Pete Seeger's Where Have All the Flowers Gone, and Dick Holler's Abraham, Martin and John. The entire

This is a document about The Last Flower
 film "The War Between Men and Women", the film takes much from Thurber's life and stories. Lemmon's character - based strongly on Thurber himself - tries to show what creativity means to his stepdaughter using "The Last Flower" as the example. The story does have similarities to the protest song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", which offers a similar cycle, even though Thurber's work dates from 1939 and the song was written around 1956 by Pete Seeger; Seeger's song was inspired by a short piece in "And Quiet Flows the Don" the novel by Mikhail Sholokhov. Bertold Hummel and

This is a document about Imphal Talkies and The Howlers
 Hero ft.Bonbon, Ho Ya Ya, Qutub Minar, Lullaby, and Song For Bangladesh. Ever since the release of their debut album Tiddim Road in 2009, Imphal Talkies and The Howlers have been quite vocal about social and political issues. Their songs are always tuned to societal issues and needs, and to date their internationally acclaimed single, "Lullaby", released in late 2013, shows the continuing living situation of the children of Manipur, under political and insurgency tyranny. Their song Where Have All The Flowers Gone? named after the popular Pete Seeger song of the same name also voiced against environmental issue in

This is a document about Frances Taylor
 included on the albums "Spoken in Love" (1995) and on "Where Have All the Flowers Gone? The Songs of Pete Seeger" (1998). The November 1966 issue of "Broadside" included another song with words by Taylor and music by Seeger. Titled "Men of Principle," it mocked government officials who talked about open and low-cost housing, integrated schools, jobs, and peace but did nothing about them. By 1968, Taylor was writing film reviews, which she continued to do until the demise of the "Long Island Press" in 1977. She was a member of the New York Film Critics Circle. Her reviews were

This is a document about The Water Is Wide (song)
 Kishibe's 2008 album "My Favorites" includes a fingerstyle acoustic guitar rendition, instead incorporating the vocal melodies into the guitar melodies. American pianist, John Laing features this song on his debut album "Awakened" and it features Brittany Benish on guitar. Alexander Armstrong recorded the song on his 2015 solo album, "A Year of Songs", with an orchestral accompaniment. John Gorka sang the song on the 1998 album "Where Have All The Flowers Gone", a two-CD celebration of Pete Seeger songs by numerous artists. Schoonerfare sang "The Water is Wide" on their 2005 album, titled "And Both Shall Row". The second Christmas

This is a document about Kisses Sweeter than Wine
 Have All the Flowers Gone", Pete Seeger described the long genesis of this song. Apparently the folk musician Lead Belly heard Irish performer Sam Kennedy in Greenwich Village singing the traditional Irish song "Drimmin Down" aka "Drimmen Dow", about a farmer and his dead cow. (The song, in fact, is called "An droimfhionn donn dilís" ("The whitebacked brown faithful cow/calf"). It is of the type categorized as "aisling" (dream) where the country of Ireland is given form. Most times the form is that of a comely young woman but here it is the faithful handsome cow.) Lead Belly adapted the

This is a document about We Shall Overcome
 song on its worship CD for that year: "The Making of a Godly Man", featuring worship leader Donn Thomas and the Maranatha! Promise Band. Bruce Springsteen's re-interpretation of the song was included on the 1998 tribute album "Where Have All the Flowers Gone: The Songs of Pete Seeger" as well as on Springsteen's 2006 album "". "We Shall Overcome" was adopted by various labor, nationalist, and political movements both during and after the Cold War. In his memoir about his years teaching English in Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution, Mark Allen wrote: The melody was also used (crediting it to

This is a document about And Quiet Flows the Don
 libretto adapted by his brother Leonid. Premiered in October 1935, it became wildly popular after Stalin saw and praised it a few months later. The opera was proclaimed a model of socialist realism in music and won Dzerzhinsky a Stalin Prize. The lyrics for the folk song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" by Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson were adapted from a cossack folk song mentioned in "And Quiet Flows the Don". And Quiet Flows the Don And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don (, literally "Quiet Don") is an epic novel in four volumes by

This is a document about Protest songs in the United States
 a message type song ... 'Which side are you on?' That's such a waste? I mean, which side can you "be" on.'" His next explicit topical protest song would be "Hurricane", written twelve years later, in 1976. Pete Seeger, founding member of the Almanac Singers and The Weavers, was a major influence on Dylan and his contemporaries, and continued to be a strong voice of protest in the 1960s, when he composed "Where Have All the Flowers Gone" (written with Joe Hickerson) and "Turn, Turn, Turn" (written during the 1950s but released on Seeger's 1962 album "The Bitter and The

This is a document about Johnny Rivers
 non grata from then on). Rivers' version far outsold the Chuck Berry original from August 1959, which stalled at #87 in the US. Rivers continued to record mostly live performances throughout 1964 and 1965, including Go-Go-style records with songs featuring folk music and blues rock influences including "Maybellene" (another Berry cover), after which came "Mountain of Love", "Midnight Special", "Seventh Son" (written by Willie Dixon), plus Pete Seeger's" Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", all of which were hits. In 1963, Rivers began working with writers P.F. Sloan and Steve Barri on a theme song for the American broadcast of

This is a document about Eliza Carthy
 work. She has twice been nominated for the Mercury Music Prize for UK album of the year: in 1998 for "Red Rice", and again in 2003 for "Anglicana". Eliza was a guest on the album "Mermaid Avenue" by Billy Bragg and Wilco. Eliza and Billy also recorded together on the song "My Father's Mansions" which appeared on the Pete Seeger tribute album called "Where Have All The flowers Gone" (1998). In September 2002 Eliza took part in the Tribute concert for Kirsty MacColl, "The Song's the Thing" along with other artists. In 2003 Eliza swept the boards at the Radio

This is a document about Merry Hell
 Pals project, collaborating with other folk artists including Lucy Ward, Christine Collister and Robb Johnson on a version of Pete Seeger's song "Where Have All The Flowers Gone" to mark the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War. Merry Hell's third full-length album, "The Ghost In Our House and other stories ..." was released in early 2015 and features a guest appearance by guitarist Gordon Giltrap. The band's fourth album "Bloodlines" followed in late 2016. Merry Hell Merry Hell is an English folk rock band from Wigan, Greater Manchester, formed in 2010. The core members of the band

This is a document about Judy Collins
 Hotel in New York to announce the party's formation. In 1969, she testified in Chicago in support of the Chicago Seven; during her testimony, she began singing Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" and was admonished by prosecutor Tom Foran and judge Julius Hoffman. Collins wrote the anti-gun song "Shoot First" which she released in 1984. In the late 1990s, she was a representative for UNICEF and campaigns on behalf of the abolition of landmines. Later songs include "River of Gold" about the environment and "My Name Is Maria" about dreamers. Collins contracted polio at the age of

This is a document about Joe Hickerson
 Joe Hickerson Joe Hickerson (born October 20, 1935 in Highland Park, Illinois) is a noted folk singer and songleader. A graduate of Oberlin College, for 35 years (1963–1998) he was Librarian and Director of the Archive of Folk Song at the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress. Joe is known for bringing together the original Russian text and his own verses to create the basis for "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" in collaboration with Pete Seeger, and for participating in the first LP recording of "Kumbayah". He is currently active as a lecturer, researcher, and performer, especially

This is a document about Appleseed Recordings
 Appleseed Recordings Appleseed Recordings is an American folk music record label founded by Jim Musselman in 1997. Appleseed's first album was a tribute to Peter Seeger. Musselman approached musicians and others (writer Studs Terkel, actor Tim Robbins) to record a song written, adapted, or performed by Seeger. The result was "Where Have All the Flowers Gone: The Songs of Pete Seeger". The album included versions of Seeger-related songs by Bruce Springsteen, Jackson Browne & Joan Baez, Judy Collins, Terkel, Robbins, and Ani DiFranco. The album won the American Federation of Independent Music Award for Top Independent Release of 1998". The

This is a document about Appleseed Recordings
 Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Tim Eriksen, Dick Gaughan, John Wesley Harding, Kim and Reggie Harris, Christine Lavin, Roger McGuinn, Holly Near, Tom Paxton, Tom Rush, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Tommy Sands, Pete Seeger, Al Stewart, John Stewart, Sweet Honey in the Rock, Lizzie West, and Jesse Winchester. Appleseed Recordings Appleseed Recordings is an American folk music record label founded by Jim Musselman in 1997. Appleseed's first album was a tribute to Peter Seeger. Musselman approached musicians and others (writer Studs Terkel, actor Tim Robbins) to record a song written, adapted, or performed by Seeger. The result was "Where Have All the Flowers Gone:

Pete Seeger wrote and originally sang the song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" in 1955. However, the song has been performed and recorded by various artists including The Byrds, The Kingston Trio, and Peter, Paul and Mary.


Question: when did they put warnings on cigarette packs

Answer: 2003

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
 Tobacco packaging warning messages Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed below. Such warnings have been required in tobacco advertising for many years. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted in 2003, requires such package warning messages to promote awareness against smoking. A 2009 review summarises that

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
 1977. In 1971, tobacco companies printed on the left side of cigarette packets "WARNING by H.M. Government, SMOKING CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH". In 1991, the E.U. tightened laws on tobacco warnings. "TOBACCO SERIOUSLY DAMAGES HEALTH" was printed on the front of all tobacco packs. An additional warning was also printed on the reverse of cigarette packs. In 2003, new E.U. regulations required one of the following general warnings must be displayed, covering at least 30% of the surface of the pack: Additionally, one of the following additional warnings must be displayed, covering at least 40% of the surface of the

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
 in Ireland, in Irish and English). All cigarette packets sold in the European Union must display the content of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide in the same manner on the side of the packet. In 2003, it was reported that sales of cigarette cases had surged, attributable to the introduction of more prominent warning labels on cigarette packs by an EU directive in January 2003. Alternatively, people choose to hide the warnings using various arguably "funny" stickers, such as "You could be hit by a bus tomorrow." The most recent EU legislation is the Tobacco Products Directive, which became applicable

This is a document about Smoking in the Philippines
 2003 and of which the Philippines is a signatory. In 2010, the Department of Health issued an administrative order requiring the inclusion of graphic warning labels on packs and prohibiting the use of misleading descriptors such as "mild" and "light" on tobacco product packaging and labels pursuant to Article 11 of the WHO FCTC. In response, the tobacco companies filed five cases against the Department of Health questioning its authority. In June 2014, a legislative committee composed of senators and congressmen passed a bill, called "The Graphic Health Warnings Law", compelling cigarette manufacturers to print pictures and illustrations that warn

This is a document about Roxy (cigarette)
 to smoke consciously"". After complaints from mainly Konsumenten Kontakt, the ad was promptly banned by the Reclame Code Commissie ("Advertising Code Committee"). The brand disappeared completely from the market in 2005, after a ban on cigarettes ads was put in place by the Dutch government in 2003. The first packs had a mix of blue and black, but later a lighter shade of blue was used instead. The first cigarettes were packed in packs of 20 pieces, a box of 50 pieces, a flat tin box of 50 pieces and a round tin box of 50 pieces. There was a

This is a document about Cigarette case
 cases in addition to genuine sterling ones. Cigarette cases used to be popular with soldiers, and many World War I and World War II veterans (e.g., James Doohan) stated that cigarette cases saved their lives by stopping bullets. In 2003 the European Union witnessed a surge in cigarette case sales, attributable to the introduction of prominent black-bordered warning labels on cigarette packs, e.g., "Smokers Die Younger", etc., by an EU directive in January 2003. Cigarette cases were a way to avoid the invasive labels (another way being various satirical stickers, with slogans such as "You could be hit by a

This is a document about Cigarette packets in Australia
  In 1973, Australia's first health warning on cigarette packages appeared with the simple message 'WARNING — SMOKING IS A HEALTH HAZARD'. Since 1 March 2006, graphic images depicting the effects of smoking cigarettes have been required to be displayed on cigarette packets. Warnings must cover 30% of the front and 90% of the back of the box. The 10% of the back not occupied by a warning is used for the message "Sale to underage persons prohibited". Since 1 December 2012 all forms of branding logos, colours, and promotional texts are banned from cigarette pack designs. The requirement is for plain cigarette packaging showing only brand name and health warning messages. Australia was the first country to have plain packaging cigarette packs. At the same time the plain packets were introduced, the size of the anti-smoking images became larger, so the two effects are difficult to separate. Canada was the first country to use graphic pictures in conjunction with written warnings on cigarette packages, with the legislation coming in 2000.

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  The first health warnings appeared on cigarette packets in New Zealand in 1974. Warning images accompanying text have been required to appear on each packet since 28 February 2008. New Regulations were made on 14 March 2018 which provided for larger warnings and a new schedule of images and messages. By law, 75% of the cigarette pack's front and 100% of the cigarette pack's rear must consist of warning messages. Images include gangrenous toes, rotting teeth and gums, diseased lungs and smoking-damaged hearts. Cigarette packets also carry the Quitline logo and phone number and other information about quitting smoking. In total, there are 15 different warnings. A full list with pictures is available at the New Zealand Ministry of Health's website. Warning

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
   In 1966, the United States became the first nation in the world to require a health warning on cigarette packages. In 1973, the Assistant Director of Research at R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company wrote an internal memorandum regarding new brands of cigarettes for the youth market. He observed that, "psychologically, at eighteen, one is immortal" and theorized that "the desire to be daring is part of the motivation to start smoking." He stated, "in this sense the label on the package is a plus." In 1999, Philip Morris USA purchased three brands of cigarettes from Liggett Group Inc. The brands were: Chesterfield, L&M, and Lark. At the time Philip Morris purchased the brands

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  only warning in cigarette packs was printed in a very small typeface along one of the sides: "Se ha determinado que el fumar cigarrillos es nocivo para la salud, Ley de impuesto sobre cigarrillos" (It has been determined that cigarette smoking is harmful to your health, Cigarette Tax Law) Since 14 September 1978 On 24 March 2005, another warning was introduced in every cigarette pack: "Este producto contiene alquitrán, nicotina y monóxido de carbono, los cuales son cancerígenos y tóxicos. No existen niveles seguros para el consumo de estas sustancias" ("This product contains tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide, which are carcinogenic

This is a document about Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  Trade Commission read the report the day it was released and quickly proposed a mandatory cigarette label that warned, "CAUTION: cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health and may cause death from cancer and other diseases." However, legislation ultimately passed by Congress required a warning label with less dire language:"CAUTION: CIGARETTE SMOKING MAY BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH." In 1965, the United States Congress passed the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA), which required a health warning on all cigarette packs. In 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, which banned cigarettes ads on the radio or television. It also required an updated warning on the cigarette packages which read: "Warning: The Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health." In

This is a document about June 1964
 The U.S. Federal Trade Commission issued a ruling requiring that all cigarette package labels should, by January 1, include a warning, displayed "clearly and prominently", that cigarette smoking could cause death from cancer and other diseases. The FTC added that cigarette advertising would be required to include the warning by July 1, 1965.  The original warning, as required by Congress in 1965, was "Cigarette Smoking May be Hazardous to Your Health." ; Born: Christopher Steele, British intelligence officer and investigator; to British parents in Aden, Federation of South Arabia ; Died: Stuart Davis, 71, American painter

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  "WARNING by H.M. Government, SMOKING CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH". In 1991, the EU tightened laws on tobacco warnings. "TOBACCO SERIOUSLY DAMAGES HEALTH" was printed on the front of all tobacco packs. An additional warning was also printed on the reverse of cigarette packs. In 2003, new EU regulations required one of the following general warnings must be displayed, covering at least 30% of the surface of the pack: Additionally, one of the following additional warnings must be displayed, covering at least 40% of the surface of the pack: From October 2008, all cigarette products manufactured must carry picture warnings to the reverse. Every pack must have one of these warnings by October 2009. Plain packaging, including prominent and standardised health warnings and minimal manufacturer information, became compulsory for all cigarette and hand-rolling tobacco packs manufactured after May 2016 and sold after May 2017.

This is a document about Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
  The U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a detailed report saying that cigarette smoking was a health hazard on January 11, 1964. In June 1964, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced several new requirements of the tobacco industry. Beginning on January 1, 1965, the tobacco industry would have to put health warning labels on their cigarette packages and that starting July 1, 1965, similar health warnings would be required in their advertisements. The tobacco industry fought back with an aggressive lobbying effort on Capitol Hill and a public relations campaign that included brochures such as "Tobacco—a vital U.S. Industry," stressing the economic importance of the industry and

This is a document about Luther Terry
  role of smoking in other illnesses such as emphysema, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancer. The committee concluded that cigarette smoking was a health hazard of sufficient importance to warrant appropriate remedial action. In June 1964, the Federal Trade Commission voted by a margin of 3–1 to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking was dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by the Surgeon General's special committee. The same warning would be required in all cigarette advertising effective July 1, 1965. The landmark Surgeon General's report

This is a document about Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
  most important cause of chronic bronchitis, increased risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and caused coronary disease. As a result, Congress enacted the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in 1965, which created the first cigarette warning label in the United States by requiring health warnings on all cigarette packages saying "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health." A few years later, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969, which banned cigarette advertising on television and radio as well as slightly changed the health warning to "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking is Dangerous to Your Health." However, in a 1981 report to Congress, the Federal Trade Commission concluded that the health warning labels were not effective enough on public knowledge and peoples' attitudes towards smoking. This led to the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984.

This is a document about Cigarette
  Pakistan, India, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In 1985, Iceland became the first country to enforce graphic warnings on cigarette packaging. At the end of December 2010, new regulations from Ottawa increased the size of tobacco warnings to cover three-quarters of the cigarette package in Canada. As of November 2010, 39 countries have adopted similar legislation. In February 2011, the Canadian government passed regulations requiring cigarette packs to contain 12 new images to cover 75% of the outside panel and eight new health messages on the inside panel with full color. As of April 2011, Australian regulations require all packs to use a bland olive green that researchers determined to be the least attractive color, with 75% coverage

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed below. Such warnings have been required in tobacco advertising for many years, with the earliest mandatory warning labels implemented in Iceland in 1969. Implementing tobacco warning labels has been strongly opposed by the tobacco industry, most notably in Australia following the implementation of plain packaging laws. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted in 2003, requires such package warning messages to promote awareness against smoking. A 2009

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  Starting in November 2006, all cigarette packages sold in Chile are required to have one of two health warnings, a graphic pictorial warning or a text-only warning. These warnings are replaced with a new set of two warnings each year.

This is a document about Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
  In January 1964, Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a detailed report on smoking and lung cancer. The report "hit the country like a bombshell," Terry later said, becoming "front page news and a lead story on every radio and television station in the United States and many abroad." Terry's report prompted Congress to pass the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in July 1965, requiring cigarette manufacturers to place a warning label on the side of cigarette packs stating: "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health."

Tobacco packaging warnings have been required on cigarette packs since the 1970s. In the European Union, the requirement was strengthened in 2003 and 2004, and in the Philippines, the requirement was implemented in 2010. Specific dates for the implementation of these regulations vary by country.