Question: when does the new army uniform come out

Answer: summer 2015

This is a document about Army Combat Uniform
 2013, the Army began experimenting with the original Scorpion pattern, creating a variant code named "Scorpion W2", noting that while a pattern can be copyrighted, a color palette cannot and that beyond 50 meters the actual pattern is "not that relevant." The pattern resembles MultiCam with muted greens, light beige, and dark brown colors, but uses fewer beige and brown patches and no vertical twig and branch elements. On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that the pattern would begin being issued in uniforms in summer 2015. The official name is intended to emphasize its use beyond Afghanistan to

This is a document about Service dress uniform
  The United States Army authorizes the Army Service Uniform as its daily wear service uniform. Since 2018, there are two versions authorized, a green uniform and a blue one. In November 2018, the U.S. Army announced the introduction of a new green service uniform modeled after the "pinks and greens" service uniforms worn by officers during the Second World War and Korean War. This uniform consists of a dark olive drab coat with belted waist, light taupe trousers, tan shirt, olive necktie, olive garrison cap, and brown shoes. A peaked cap is optional. This uniform became standard-issue beginning in 2020 and becomes mandatory in 2027. The blue service uniform consists of a dark blue coat, light blue trousers (dark blue for general officers), a white turndown-collar shirt, black necktie (neck tab for women), a black

This is a document about Army Service Uniform
  green Class A uniform was fully retired. On Veterans Day 2018, the Army announced that a new Army Green Service Uniform, based on the "pinks and greens" officers' service uniform worn in World War II and the Korean War, would be introduced as the everyday service uniform for all ranks starting in 2020. The uniform became available to soldiers in mid-2020. By early 2021, the uniform became available for purchase at all Army and Air Force Exchange Service locations, with soldiers required to purchase them by October 1, 2027. The Army Blue Service Uniform returns to its former use as a formal dress uniform.

This is a document about Pinks and greens
   After a 60-year hiatus, on November 11, 2018, the U.S. Army announced it would adopt a new uniform patterned on the "pinks and greens" effective 2020, with phase-in to be complete by 2028. The decision to adopt the new uniform was done to fill the gap between the formal blue Army Service Uniform and the Army Combat Uniform created by the deauthorization of the old Army Green uniform used between 1954 and 2015. With the change, the blue Army Service Uniform will again be restricted to ceremonial wear. According to former Sergeant Major of the Army Daniel A. Dailey, the Army designation for the new uniform is "Army Green Service Uniform" rather than "pinks and greens".

This is a document about United States Army
   The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) currently features a camouflage pattern known as Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP); OCP replaced a pixel-based pattern known as Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) in 2019.  On 11 November 2018, the Army announced a new version of 'Army Greens' based on uniforms worn during World War II that will become the standard garrison service uniform. The blue Army Service Uniform will remain as the dress uniform. The Army Greens are projected to be first fielded in the summer of 2020.

This is a document about Mark Milley
  need for an additional uniform as well as the costs associated with acquiring the new uniform. The Army tried to address this concern in its official roll out announcement Nov. 11, 2018, indicating the uniform would be cost-neutral for enlisted soldiers, who would be able to purchase the new "everyday business-wear uniform" with their existing annual clothing allowance. The Army also indicated the new uniform would come "at no additional cost to the American taxpayer" and would be "made in the USA." Following an initial testing and evaluation phase with recruiters, senior leaders, and members of the Old Guard and Army Band, the Army had to delay the issuing of the uniform at entry-level training locations due to production setbacks related to COVID-19.

This is a document about Ukrainian Ground Forces
  The Ukrainian Army unveiled its new uniforms on 24 August 2016 (Independence Day of Ukraine). The new uniforms are modeled on British military styles. They also incorporate details from the uniforms worn by the Ukrainian People's Army. The new cap includes an insignia of a Ukrainian Cossack grasping a cross.

This is a document about Uniforms of the United States Army
  The current garrison service uniform is known as the "Army Green Service Uniform". Introduced in late 2018, it is based on the "pinks and greens" officers' service uniform worn in World War II and the Korean War. The service uniform includes a dark olive drab coat, light drab trousers, a khaki shirt, an olive drab tie, and brown leather shoes for both men and women, with women having the option to wear a pencil skirt and pumps instead. The uniform became available to soldiers in mid-2020. From 2010 to 2020, a blue uniform was used as the daily wear service uniform. The Army has a tradition of blue uniforms dating to the Revolutionary War, and the blue uniform returns to its previous position as a formal dress and ceremonial uniform. It had replaced in daily wear the previous green service uniform used by all officers and enlisted personnel introduced in 1956.

This is a document about MARPAT
  MARPAT is aesthetically similar to Canadian Forces CADPAT, which was first developed in the 1990s. The United States Army used the same shapes in designing its Universal Camouflage Pattern, which uses a much paler three-color scheme of sage green, grey and sand for use on the Army Combat Uniform. After major questions about its effectiveness arose, the Army adopted the "Scorpion W2" Operational Camouflage Pattern in 2015, which was fully phased in by 2019. The United States Air Force designed its own Airman Battle Uniform (ABU) using a standard tiger stripe pattern and slight variation on the color scheme of ACU. It was also phased out by the OCP uniform by 2021. The United States Navy announced approval

This is a document about Army Service Uniform
   The Army Service Uniform  (ASU) is a military uniform worn by United States Army personnel in situations where formal dress is called for. It can be worn at most public and official functions. Over history, a number of different non-combat service uniforms have been authorized by the Army, often with different varieties in use simultaneously depending on the social occasion or weather conditions. As of 2021, the Army has two service uniforms for use by its personnel. The Army Green Service Uniform, announced in 2018 and authorized in 2020, is used primarily for daily use and for situations where civilians wear business attire. The Army Blue Service Uniform, which was the sole service uniform between 2015 and 2020, is used primarily for ceremonial or formal social situations. In combat situations, the Army Combat Uniform is used.

This is a document about United States Space Force
  digital tigerstripe pattern Airman Battle Uniform (ABU) until its phase-out on 1 April 2021. The service's announcement that it was adopting the OCP uniform generated some criticism on social media, with some users questioning whether the Space Force would be deployed to the forest moon of Endor, referencing the camouflage uniforms worn by Rebel Alliance soldiers in Star Wars: Return of the Jedi; the Space Force stated that adopting the OCP uniform will save the costs of designing and producing an entirely new one, and that Space Force troops deploy on the ground alongside Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force personnel.

This is a document about MARPAT
  Battle Dress Uniform in M81 woodland and Desert Camouflage Uniform were still used for this purpose until the Type II and III patterns were introduced). Backlash from Marines, including an objection from former Commandant Conway, led to restrictions when NAVADMIN 374/09 was released: Type II pattern is restricted to Naval Special Warfare personnel while deployed, while the NWU Type III is the standard shore working uniform for all Naval personnel effective 1 October 2019. The blue and grey Type I uniform was discontinued. ARMPAT, an Armenian version of the MARPAT pattern, is currently used by the Armenian Armed Forces, and the Artsakh Defense Army. It has the same design as the MARPAT, but with different color sets.

This is a document about Battle Dress Uniform
  lighter, more breathable fabric for the combat blouse section of the ABU. The original heavyweight nylon-cotton blend was changed to a lighter-weight nylon-cotton poplin material. Priority will go to those serving in the Middle East or other hot-weather theaters. On May 4, 2016, the National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol announced the USAF's approval for the Civil Air Patrol to begin its transition to the Airman Battle Uniform. On May 14, 2018, the Air Force announced the adoption of the Army's Operational Camouflage Pattern uniform; however, its insignia would be distinct. The transition was to be complete by April 1, 2021.

This is a document about Royal Netherlands Army
  combat uniform no longer always qualifies for contemporary operations, personnel deploying to foreign countries is provided with interim combat uniforms in the MultiCam camouflage pattern. In addition, the Korps Commandotroepen has implemented uniforms in MultiCam as their standard uniform since 2017. Regular units use the interim uniforms until combat clothing in the newly developed Netherlands Fractal Pattern is distributed, between 2020 and 2022. Service dress uniform Mess dress uniform Full dress uniform The Royal Netherlands Army uniform has multiple categories, ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress to evening wear. In addition, the (special) service dress uniform and mess dress uniform can both be worn in a tropics colourway. There are four main uniform categories: The combat uniform (Gevechtstenue,

This is a document about United States Army enlisted rank insignia
  In 2006, the blue Army Service Uniform (ASU) was adopted to replace the army green uniform and the yellow-on-blue stripes were reintroduced. Subsequently, the blue uniform was returned to formal dress use only in 2020, as the army reintroduced a green daily service uniform modeled after the pinks and greens officers service uniform from World War II. The enlisted insignia on this uniform are pale tan stripes on an olive green background.

This is a document about MultiCam
  MultiCam with muted greens, light beige, and dark brown colors, but uses fewer beige and brown patches and no vertical twig and branch elements. On 31 July 2014, the Army formally announced that OCP would begin being issued in uniforms in summer 2015. Soldiers were allowed to continue wearing uniforms and field equipment patterned in MultiCam until they could acquire OCP, which was allowed until the MultiCam uniforms' wear-out date on 1 October 2018. The U.S. Air Force also subsequently adopted OCP uniforms, replacing the previous Airman Battle Uniform. Some local, state and federal law enforcement agencies also make use of the pattern, including the Drug Enforcement Administration's Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Teams (FAST) teams operating in Afghanistan as well as the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Special Reaction Team, the Spokane, Washington Police Department, and the Oregon State Police SWAT team.

This is a document about Uniforms of the United States Army
  to be an ineffective pattern and was replaced beginning in 2014 with the more effective Operational Camouflage Pattern. , the ACU in OCP is the standard issue field uniform of the Army. Beginning in 2010, the blue Army Service Uniform (ASU), previously used as a formal dress uniform, displaced the green Class A uniform as the daily wear service uniform. This move proved unpopular, and in 2018 a new Army Green Service Uniform modeled after World War II-era officers garrison uniforms was announced. By 2028 all soldiers will be wearing the green ASU as office attire. The blue uniform will remain as a formal dress uniform.

This is a document about Army Combat Uniform
   The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) is the current combat uniform worn by the United States Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Space Force. First unveiled in June 2004, it is the successor to the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) worn from the 1980s and 1990s through to the mid-2000s, respectively. It is also the successor to the Airman Battle Uniform for the U.S. Air Force.

This is a document about Uniforms of the United States Navy
  "crackerjacks" with the transition begun in October 2016 and completed by the end of January 2020 (delayed from its initial date of December 2019). Until 2016, the junior enlisted Service Dress White uniform, for both sexes, consisted of a white jumper with plain collar, white bell-bottom trousers with a fly front (or optional skirt for women), black leather shoes, the black neckerchief worn in the same fashion as with the Service Dress Blue uniform. Males wore the white "Dixie cup" cap, while females wore the same cap as their Service Dress Blue uniforms. That Service Dress White jumper was actually derived from the former Undress White, with its wide cuff-less sleeves and no piping. However, beginning in October

This is a document about New Zealand Cadet Corps
  The New Zealand Air Training Corps, who also use NZDPM as their working dress, is in the process of rolling out the Air Cadet Working Dress. This role out is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2021 and will free up stocks of DPM for New Zealand Cadet Corps units. The role out of Navy Cadet Working dress in 2022 will foresee the eventual role out of the Army Cadet Working dress in 2023. The new uniform will match the New Zealand Army's Multi Terrain Pattern Uniform. Army Cadets will be issued the same uniform as the Army, however the delay is to enable the complete role out to Defence personnel first.

The new Army uniform, known as the Army Green Service Uniform, is expected to become the standard uniform for all Army service members by 2028. It was first introduced in 2018 and became mandatory for purchase by mid-2021.


Question: when was i can only imagine first sang

Answer: 1999

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
 I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) "I Can Only Imagine" (sometimes shortened to "Imagine") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album "The Worship Project", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major-label debut album "Almost There" as

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
 at the time. Millard began writing the words "I can only imagine" on items when he was thinking about his father. During the recording of the band's 1999 independent album "The Worship Project", MercyMe needed one more song to fill out the album. Millard, alone on a bus in the middle of the night, finally wrote the lyrics to the song by drawing on his thoughts and personal faith about what one would experience standing before God in Heaven. Millard attests that "['I Can Only Imagine'] is one of the only songs I have ever written where there wasn't any

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
 Dennis Quaid. The film was released on March 16, 2018. I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song) "I Can Only Imagine" (sometimes shortened to "Imagine") is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album "The Worship Project", which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
 as a wake-up call for Barry E. Wilmore during STS-129. The original version of "I Can Only Imagine" was a track on MercyMe's 1999 independent release "The Worship Project". In August 2006, both an acoustic and live form (as well as the original 1999 version) were included in the 'Platinum edition' of "Almost There". MercyMe recorded a version of the song for their "iTunes Originals" album. In 2009, two further variants were included on their compilation album "10"; a 'symphony version' featuring the London Symphony Orchestra, and a live version. "I Can Only Imagine" has also been covered by several

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  "I Can Only Imagine" is a song by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead singer Bart Millard, it was originally recorded for the band's 1999 independent album The Worship Project before being included on their 2001 major-label debut album Almost There. The song was the last to be written for The Worship Project; in writing it, Millard drew upon his thoughts about his father's death. Lyrically, it imagines what it would be like to be in front of God in heaven; it opens with just a piano before building to include guitar and drums. After being released on October 12, 2001, as the second single from Almost There, "I Can Only Imagine" became a major success on Christian radio;

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  spent two weeks at No. 1 on the Radio & Records Christian AC chart and became the most-played Christian single of 2002. It became an unexpected mainstream hit in 2003, peaking at No. 71 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 5 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart while also hitting top 40, adult top 40, and country radio charts. The song returned to the charts after its story was adapted into a 2018 film of the same name, peaking at No. 1 on the Billboard Christian Songs chart and No. 10 on the Billboard Digital Songs chart. "I Can Only Imagine" received positive reviews from critics. Particular praise was given to its lyrics, and some critics called it the best song

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  record "I Can Only Imagine" as a fast song, but after several failed attempts, Millard talked with Bryson about arranging it into a slower version. As the band was tearing down the equipment in their recording studio, Bryson began playing a piano intro. Millard immediately decided to use the intro, and the rest of the song was completed in around five minutes. Although the rest of the band did not see how it would fit on the record, as it didn't meet the basic verse-chorus format the rest of the album had, they felt it needed to be included on it because it meant so much to Millard. The

This is a document about Almost There (album)
  the Billboard Heatseekers Albums chart, which ranks the top albums from artists who have not had an album enter the top 100 on the Billboard 200 chart, at number 39. "I Can Only Imagine" was released to radio on October 12, 2001. The song debuted on the Christian AC chart on November 2, 2001; it reached the number one position on February 22, 2002 and spent two weeks at the top spot. It also peaked at number 15 on the Radio & Records Christian CHR chart. As a result of the single's airplay, Almost There experienced a "surge" in sales. The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 184 on December 22, 2001,

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  Originally, "I Can Only Imagine" was set to be released by fellow Christian artist Amy Grant. Millard had initially declined a request from Grant's record label to allow her to record the song; some segments of the Christian community had reacted negatively to her divorce, and Millard wasn't sure if he wanted to be involved. After consulting with his pastor, who felt Millard should accept the opportunity, he began to reconsider, and finally agreed to let her cover it after talking with Grant over the phone. Grant had planned to release her version of the song as the lead single from her upcoming album and MercyMe would release

This is a document about MercyMe
  After signing with INO Records, the band released its first major debut album, Almost There. The single "I Can Only Imagine" earned the band a Dove Award in 2002 for song of the year. However, it was not until three years after its release that the song began to gain mainstream success, topping the Billboard 200 sales chart for seven weeks, and peaking at No. 71 on the Hot 100, No. 33 on the Mainstream Top 40, No. 27 on the Adult Top 40, No. 5 on the Adult Contemporary, and No. 52 on the Country Songs charts. The success of the single ultimately propelled Almost

This is a document about The Worship Project
  re–recorded and included on Almost There – "I Can Only Imagine" and "Cannot Say Enough". "I Can Only Imagine" was released as the album's second single and became the band's breakthrough hit, topping the US Christian radio charts and receiving a GMA Dove Award for "Song of the Year" before becoming a hit on US mainstream radio in 2003. It became the first single by any artist in the Christian music genre to be certified platinum and was certified triple platinum in June 2018. It has sold 2.5 million copies as of March 2018, making it the best-selling Christian single of all time. Another song from The Worship Project, "Hearts Sing Louder", was included on the band's 2011 Family Christian Stores–exclusive album The Worship Sessions.

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  spent three weeks at the top spot. It also peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard Digital Songs chart and ranked at No. 8 on the 2018 year-end Christian Songs chart. In April 2010, "I Can Only Imagine" was certified platinum by the RIAA, signifying sales of over 1 million digital downloads. It was the first single by any artist in the Christian music genre to go platinum. The song was certified double platinum in September 2014, triple platinum in June 2018, and quadruple platinum in September 2019. As of March 2018, it has sold 2.5 million copies, making it the best-selling Christian single of all time.

This is a document about 33rd GMA Dove Awards
 "I Can Only Imagine" - Bart Millard; Simpleville Music (ASCAP) Bart Millard Mac Powell Nicole C. Mullen Third Day Michael W. Smith ZOEgirl Toby McKeehan "Somebody's Watching Me"; Toby Mac; Toby McKeehan, Michael-Anthony Taylor, Rockwell "Invade My Soul"; By The Tree; Chuck Dennie "Live For Him"; Pillar; Rob Beckley, Travis Jenkins, Brad Noone, Michael Wittig "Come Together"; Third Day; Tai Anderson, Brad Avery, David Carr, Mark Lee, Mac Powell "I Can Only Imagine" - MercyMe; Bart Millard "Above All"; Michael W. Smith; Lenny LeBlanc, Paul Baloche "He's Watching Me"; Gaither Vocal Band; Tina Sadler "Thank You, Lord, For Your Blessings On Me"; Easter Brothers; Russell Easter, James

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  on a PowerPoint screen. In the last phases of production, MercyMe needed one more song to include on the album. Late at night on the band's bus, Millard found an old notebook with the phrase "I can only imagine" written in it. He began to write a song, basing it on his personal feelings about his father Arthur's death. Early in Bart's life, Arthur had been physically and emotionally abusive towards his family, with Bart being beaten severely at points; Arthur and his wife Adele eventually divorced, and Bart was sent to live with his mother after an especially extreme whipping. Bart kept in contact with his father, however, who

This is a document about Imagine (John Lennon song)
  of the superior environment of Lennon's home studio. They completed the session in minutes, recording three takes and choosing the second one for release. The finished recording featured Lennon on piano and vocal, Klaus Voormann on bass guitar, Alan White on drums and the Flux Fiddlers on strings. The string arrangement was written by Torrie Zito. Issued by Apple Records in the United States in October 1971, "Imagine" became the best-selling single of Lennon's solo career. It peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number one in Canada on the RPM national singles chart, remaining there for two weeks. Upon its release the song's lyrics upset some religious groups, particularly the line: "Imagine there's no heaven". When asked

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  Despite including "I Can Only Imagine" on The Worship Project, MercyMe initially did not perform the song in concerts because they felt it did not fit with the rest of the record. The band's first performance of the song did not come until the summer after the release of The Worship Project at a summer camp at the request of a camp counselor. The band has played the song at every show since as of February 2009 MercyMe's 2004 concert tour (the Imagine Tour) and 2018–19 tour (the Imagine Nation Tour) both took their name from the song. MercyMe performed "I Can Only Imagine" at the 33rd GMA Dove Awards, with an accompanying "inspiring video that underscored the emotional and inspirational power of song". The band also performed the song at the 40th GMA Dove Awards, held on April 23, 2009, in a medley with "Finally Home". At the 2017 National Prayer Breakfast, MercyMe performed the song with President Donald Trump in attendance. In March 2018, MercyMe performed "I Can Only Imagine" live on Fox & Friends to promote the film.

This is a document about Imagine (John Lennon song)
  a single in the United States, where it peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was first issued as a single in Britain in 1975, to promote the compilation Shaved Fish, and reached number six on the UK Singles Chart that year. It later topped the chart following Lennon's murder in 1980. BMI named "Imagine" one of the 100 most performed songs of the 20th century. In 1999, it was ranked number 30 on the RIAA's list of the 365 "Songs of the Century", earned a Grammy Hall of Fame Award, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll". A 2002 UK survey conducted by the Guinness World Records British

This is a document about 10 (MercyMe album)
  10 was released to commemorate the tenth anniversary of MercyMe's single "I Can Only Imagine". In 1999, the band was working on an independent record, The Worship Project, and needed one more song to fill out the project. Lead singer Bart Millard wrote the song while reminiscing about his father's death. Although the band was aiming to produce a worship record of easy-to-sing songs, they included it because it was important to Millard. It was later included on the band's major-label debut, 2001's Almost There, where it became a hit on Christian radio before crossing over and becoming successful on mainstream radio in 2003. Around eight months before the release of 10, the band had been approached by their label about producing a greatest-hits record. The band was initially against the idea, and according to Millard, they felt it had always meant a band was near the end of their career. However, Millard later remembered he had written the song in 1999, and the idea shifted from a greatest-hits record to a celebration of the song's ten-year anniversary, a concept the band was more comfortable with.

This is a document about Pete Townshend
  single in January 1965, "I Can't Explain" was the Who's first hit, reaching number eight on the British charts. A follow-up single ("Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere"), credited to both Townshend and Daltrey, also reached the top 10 in the UK. However, it was the release of the Who's third single, "My Generation", in November that, according to Who biographer Mark Wilkerson, "cemented their reputation as a hard-nosed band who reflected the feelings of thousands of pissed-off adolescents at the time." The Townshend-penned single reached number two on the UK charts, becoming the Who's biggest hit. The song and its famous line "I hope I die before

The first recorded version of "I Can Only Imagine" by MercyMe was on their independent album "The Worship Project" in 1999. However, the song was originally written and recorded by Bart Millard in 1999 as a solo project.


Question: when did the first episode of spongebob come out

Answer: May 1 , 1999

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)
 SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series "SpongeBob SquarePants", created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon from May 1, 1999 to April 8, 2000, and consists of 20 episodes. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan. Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were

This is a document about Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)
 the show." Hutchins became the regular series sound designer. "SpongeBob SquarePants" aired its first episode, "Help Wanted", along with sister episodes "Reef Blower" and "Tea at the Treedome", on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series later made its "official" debut on July 17, 1999 with the second episode "Bubblestand" and "Ripped Pants". "Help Wanted" was excluded in the "SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 1st Season" DVD, featuring the rest of the first-season episodes, since its release on October 28, 2003. It was not included because Nickelodeon did not want to pay Tiny

This is a document about Stephen Hillenburg
  SpongeBob SquarePants was Nickelodeon's first original Saturday-morning cartoon. It first aired as a preview on May 1, 1999, and officially premiered on July 17 of the same year. Hillenburg noted that the show's premise "is that innocence prevails—which I don't think it always does in real life." It has received positive reviews from critics, and has been noted for its appeal to different age groups. James Poniewozik of Time magazine described the titular character as "the anti-Bart Simpson, temperamentally and physically: his head is as squared-off and neat as Bart's is unruly, and he has a personality to match—conscientious, optimistic and blind to the faults in

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1)
  The first season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon from May 1, 1999, to March 3, 2001, and consists of 20 episodes (41 segments). The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The show features the voices of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett, and Lori Alan. Among the first guest stars to appear on the show were Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voicing

This is a document about Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)
  SpongeBob SquarePants aired its first segment, "Help Wanted", along with sister segments "Reef Blower" and "Tea at the Treedome", on May 1, 1999, following the television airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series later made its official debut on July 17, 1999, with the second episode "Bubblestand" and "Ripped Pants".

This is a document about List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
  SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg that premiered on Nickelodeon on May 1, 1999. The series is set in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom, and centers on the adventures and endeavors of SpongeBob SquarePants, an over-optimistic sea sponge that annoys other characters. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 after the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, another Nickelodeon television series that Hillenburg previously directed. The thirteenth season consists of 26 episodes. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters on November 19, 2004, and grossed over US$140 million worldwide. Atlantis SquarePantis, a

This is a document about List of SpongeBob SquarePants guest stars
  The pilot episode first aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999. The show's twelfth and current season premiered in 2018, and 268 episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants have aired. A series of theatrical films based on the show began in 2004 with The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. Guest voices have come from many ranges of professions, including actors, athletes, authors, musicians, and artists. The first credited guest stars were McHale's Navy actors Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway, who appeared in "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy", the show's sixth episode. Borgnine and Conway have since been featured as recurring

This is a document about List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members
  SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg that debuted on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999. The regular voice cast consists of Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Doug Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan. Most one-off and background characters are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, Sirena Irwin, Bob Joles, Mark Fite and Thomas F. Wilson. Throughout the show's run, it has employed numerous guest stars from many ranges of professions. Repeat guests include Ernest Borgnine, Tim Conway, Brian Doyle-Murray, Marion Ross, John O'Hurley and Michael McKean. SpongeBob SquarePants chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by SpongeBob SquarePants
  SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series that has aired on Nickelodeon since May 1, 1999. Created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, the show chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. SpongeBob SquarePants features the voices of Tom Kenny, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass, Bill Fagerbakke, Mr. Lawrence, Jill Talley, Carolyn Lawrence, Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan. It is executive produced by Hillenburg and formerly by Paul Tibbitt, who also functioned as its showrunner from the fourth season to the ninth. Since its debut, SpongeBob SquarePants has earned widespread critical acclaim, and has been noted for its appeal towards different age groups. It has also received a variety

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants
  developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996, and in 1997, a seven-minute pilot was pitched to Nickelodeon. The network's executives wanted SpongeBob to be a child in school, but Hillenburg preferred SpongeBob to be an adult character. He was prepared to "walk out" on Nickelodeon and abandon the series, but he compromised by creating Mrs. Puff and her boating school, so that SpongeBob could attend school as an adult. Nickelodeon held a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, after it aired the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. It has received worldwide critical acclaim since its premiere and had gained enormous popularity by its second season.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by SpongeBob SquarePants
  The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is the first film adaptation of the television series. It was released on November 19, 2004, and has been a financial success, grossing over $140,000,000 worldwide.

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 6)
  live action they won't." On March 3, 2008, the season premiered with the episode "Krabby Road". It was written by Luke Brookshier, Nate Cash, and Eric Shaw, while Alan Smart served as animation director. In 2009, Nickelodeon began celebrating the tenth anniversary of the show with Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants, a documentary special by filmmaker Patrick Creadon, that discusses the history of the show and the ascent of the "absorbing character's journey to pop culture stardom". Creator Stephen Hillenburg, speaking by phone from Southern California, said "Ten years. I never imagined working on the show to this date

This is a document about Fanboy & Chum Chum
  The series premiered on November 6, 2009, after the SpongeBob SquarePants film Truth or Square. The broadcast ranked number three of cable programs that week and number two of the night. The premiere was watched by a total of 5.8 million viewers. The second episode was broadcast on November 7, 2009, and garnered 5.4 million viewers, ranking fifth of all cable broadcasts that week. The third episode was broadcast a week later, on November 14, 2009, with 3.8 million viewers. A broadcast on November 28, 2009, was viewed by 3.9 million viewers. In February 2010, the episode "Moppy Dearest" was viewed by 4.27 million viewers, an improvement over the last few episodes. A second season was announced on Nickelodeon's upfront of 2010–2011.

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 10)
  The tenth season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from October 15, 2016, to December 2, 2017. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. This season, which opened with "Whirly Brains"/"Mermaid Pants" and finished airing with "Feral Friends"/"Don't Wake Patrick", is the shortest in the show's history, containing 11 episodes only instead of the usual length of 26 episodes. The season was first announced on May 21, 2012. It was executive produced by Hillenburg, and was the first season of

This is a document about Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)
  "Help Wanted" is the pilot episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999, following the television broadcast of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The episode follows the protagonist, an anthropomorphic young sea sponge, attempting to get a job at a local fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab. However, he is tasked to find an apparently rare high-caliber spatula because the owner, Mr. Krabs, considers him unqualified for the position. Eventually, crowds of ravenous anchovies stop by the Krusty Krab and demand meals. SpongeBob returns from his errand, having fulfilled the request of Mr. Krabs and found a mechanical spatula. He utilizes the spatula to satisfy the anchovies'

This is a document about SpongeBob's Big Birthday Blowout
  SpongeBob's Big Birthday Blowout premiered on July 12, 2019, simultaneously across Nickelodeon, Nicktoons, and TeenNick. The three-network premiere was collectively viewed by 2.2 million people in the United States, and it posted year-to-year gains for the network across multiple demographics, most notably, Kids 2-11 (3.3/797K, +57%). The special's premiere date is notable for taking place five days before the 20th anniversary of the series's official premiere, which took place on July 17, 1999. It aired in other territories on July 12 and July 13, 2019,   Tom Kenny's 57th birthday.

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 7)
  The seventh season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from July 19, 2009, to June 11, 2011. It contained 26 episodes (50 segments), beginning with the episode "Tentacle Vision"/"I Heart Dancing". The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg and writer Paul Tibbitt, who also acted as the showrunner. In 2011, Legends of Bikini Bottom, an anthology series consisting of episodes

This is a document about Plankton and Karen
  When SpongeBob SquarePants premiered, Plankton was not part of the series' main cast. Plankton's voice actor, Mr. Lawrence, has stated that after producing Plankton's debut episode in the late 1990s, creator Stephen Hillenburg was unsure if he would continue to use the character. After recording it, Hillenburg was noncommittal, telling Lawrence: "We'll probably do another [Plankton episode] next year," Lawrence summarized Plankton's origins in 2015, saying that he "was only supposed to be in one or two episodes, but I was a writer on the show and I really liked this character". Following his first voice recording as Plankton, Lawrence drafted some

This is a document about Rocko's Modern Life
  which premiered on Nickelodeon in 1997 and ended in 2001. Stephen Hillenburg pitched SpongeBob SquarePants to Nickelodeon in 1997. Murray said of the pitch, "If it goes well, it'll be a blessing to us all." The network bought the show, which premiered in 1999, and it became a popular, critical and financial success, and one of the biggest shows on Nick. Hillenburg stated that he "learned a great deal about writing and producing animation for TV" from his time on Rocko's Modern Life. Two writers for the series, Dan Povenmire and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, went on to create Phineas and Ferb for the Disney Channel; the show became a ratings success and

This is a document about SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9)
  The ninth season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by animator and former marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg, originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States from July 21, 2012, to February 20, 2017, and contained 26 episodes (49 segments), beginning with the episode "Extreme Spots"/"Squirrel Record". The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg and writer Paul Tibbitt, the latter of whom also acted as the showrunner for the first 11 episodes of the season. Starting with "Lost in Bikini Bottom", Marc Ceccarelli and Vincent

The first episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, "Help Wanted," aired on May 1, 1999, as a preview, and officially premiered on July 17, 1999.


Question: who won the sprint 15km men 's cross country skiing event in sochi in 2014

Answer: Dario Cologna

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical
 Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical The men's 15 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 14 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. Dario Cologna from Switzerland was the defending champion from Vancouver and was successful in defending the title. Johan Olsson and Daniel Richardsson from Sweden took silver and bronze. An athlete with a maximum of 100 FIS distance points (the A standard) will be allowed to compete in both or one of the event (sprint/distance). An athlete with a maximum 120 FIS sprint points will

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 30 kilometre skiathlon
 Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 30 kilometre skiathlon The men's 30 kilometre skiathlon cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held on 9 February 2014 at 14:00 MSK at the Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. Dario Cologna from Switzerland won the gold medal. Marcus Hellner, the defending Olympic champion from Sweden, finished second, and Martin Johnsrud Sundby from Norway came third. For much of the free skiing half of the course about fifteen athletes were skiing together, and only close to the stadium, a group of four, Cologna, Hellner, Sundby and Maxim Vylegzhanin escaped.

This is a document about Biathlon at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's sprint
  The men's sprint competition of the Sochi 2014 Olympics was held at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex on 8 February 2014. It was 10 kilometres in length (6.2 miles). The defending Olympic Champion was Vincent Jay of France, who has retired since the previous Olympics. The defending World Champion is Emil Hegle Svendsen of Norway.

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical
  The men's 15 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 14 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. Dario Cologna from Switzerland was the defending champion from Vancouver and was successful in defending the title. Johan Olsson and Daniel Richardsson from Sweden took silver and bronze.

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's team sprint
  The men's team sprint cross-country skiing competition in the classical technique at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 19 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. The race was won by Finland's Iivo Niskanen and Sami Jauhojärvi, followed by Russia's Maxim Vylegzhanin and Nikita Kriukov second (+0.97 seconds) and Sweden's Emil Jönsson and Teodor Peterson third (+15.12 seconds). Teamed up with Hannes Dotzler, Germany's anchor Tim Tscharnke clashed with Jauhojärvi's skis in the last leg, as Jauhojärvi changed his line. The results were protested by Germany, but the protest was rejected and the results were confirmed. Yelena Välbe, president of the Russian Ski Federation, told reporters: "Finland should be disqualified but the protest has already been rejected". In November 2017 Maxim Vylegzhanin was disqualified for doping offenses, as a result Russia lost its silver medal. On 22 December, Nikita Kryukov was disqualified as well. On 1 February 2018, their results were restored as a result of the successful appeal.

This is a document about Emil Jönsson
  At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he finished seventh in the individual sprint event. He has twelve World Cup victories, all in sprint events, since 2008. He won the FIS Cross-Country Sprint World Cup in 2009–10 and 2010–11. He won bronze in the sprint at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In March 2018, his retirement from cross-country skiing following the 2017–2018 season was announced.

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's sprint
  The men's freestyle sprint cross-country skiing competition in the free technique at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 11 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. Ola Vigen Hattestad won the gold medal.

This is a document about Nikita Avtaneev
  He competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay
  The men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 16 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex. In November 2017, Alexander Legkov and Maxim Vylegzhanin were disqualified for doping offences. As a result Russia lost the silver medal. On 1 February 2018, their results were restored as a result of the successful appeal.

This is a document about Luxembourg at the 2014 Winter Olympics
 Sprint Kari Peters was named as the athlete to represent the country after he met the standards of the Luxembourgish Olympic and Sporting Committee. Peters was the first ever athlete to qualify in cross-country skiing for the country. He was 28 years old at the time of the Sochi Olympics. On 11 February he took part in the men's sprint, posting a time of 4 minutes and 13.08 seconds. This time put him in 79th place out of 85 competitors who finished the race. Only the top 30 finishers were allowed to advance to the next round, and Peters was therefore eliminated; the slowest qualifying time was 3 minutes and 37.88 seconds. The gold medal was won by Ola Vigen Hattestad of Norway, silver was won by Teodor Peterson, and bronze by Emil Jönsson, both of Sweden. Peters was also scheduled to compete in the 15 kilometre classical event held on 14 February, but withdrew due to suffering from a severe cold. Peters confirmed with the withdrawal that his Olympics were over.

This is a document about Biathlon at the 2014 Winter Paralympics – Men's 15 kilometres
  The men's 15 km competition of the Sochi 2014 Paralympics was held at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex near Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi. The competition took place on 14 March.

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 30 kilometre skiathlon
  The men's 30 kilometre skiathlon cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics was held on 9 February 2014 at 14:00 MSK at the Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex.

This is a document about Sochi
  The Silk Way Rally which is part of Dakar series took place in Sochi in 2010 for the last stage between the capital of the Republic of Adygea Maykop to the city of Sochi through Pseshwap. President Vladimir Putin reached a deal with Bernie Ecclestone for the city to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix from 2014. The World Robot Olympiad took place in the Adler Arena Skating Center on November 21–23, 2014. The 2014 World Chess Championship between Viswanathan Anand and Magnus Carlsen was played in Sochi in November 2014, with Carlsen emerging as the winner. The Fisht Olympic Stadium was also used to host 2018 FIFA World Cup football matches. Since 2014, the city has hosted HC Sochi, who play at the Bolshoy Ice Dome in the Kontinental Hockey League, the biggest ice hockey league in Russia and eastern Europe.

This is a document about Filip Flisar
  In Sochi At 2014 Winter Olympics he competed in men's ski cross where he reached the semi finals. In the small final he placed second, behind Egor Korotkov and ahead of Armin Niederer and Florian Eigler, thus ranking overall sixth in the competition.

This is a document about Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
  In October 2010, it was announced that the area around the Coastal Cluster would be used as part of a Formula 1 racing circuit to hold its first race in 2014. The Winter Games were completed with no problems and the first Grand Prix at the Sochi Autodrom took place on the 12th October 2014, which was won by Lewis Hamilton and the fastest lap was set by Valtteri Bottas. The World Chess Championship 2014 was held in Sochi in November. On 2 December 2010, FIFA (International Federation of Association Football) awarded their 2018 World Cup to Russia. Among the venues to be used will be Central Stadium (known as Sochi Olympic Stadium in Russia's bid package to FIFA), which will be expanded to seat 47,659 after the Games.

This is a document about 2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Sprint Men
  The 2014–15 Biathlon World Cup – Sprint Men started on Saturday December 6, 2014 in Östersund and finished on Thursday March 19, 2015 in Khanty-Mansiysk. Martin Fourcade of France successfully defended his title.

This is a document about Charles Hamelin
  At Sochi 2014, Hamelin reached the final of the 1500m while his brother made the B final of the same event. He started the race and pushed to the front of the seven-man pack and retained that lead for most of the race. Towards the end of the race, Hamelin's lead was challenged by both China's Han Tianyu and Russia's Viktor Ahn but Hamelin passed Han and held on to win the gold medal as Canada's second gold medal of the Sochi 2014 Games. The 1,500 m was oft quoted as a weakness for Hamelin and the Canadians. He was proud of the gold in the event saying "It is the best I can dream of, coming in the Olympics and having that gold in the 1,500-metre. We always said in the last few years that it was our weakness, but I really worked hard to prove everyone wrong and I think today was the day." He had a strong overall season. and won his first overall World Cup title after coming close several times previously.

This is a document about Biathlon at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's individual
  The men's individual competition of the Sochi 2014 Olympics was held at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex on 13 February 2014. The gold medal was won by Martin Fourcade, France, the silver medal by Erik Lesser, Germany and the bronze medal was won by Evgeniy Garanichev, Russia.

This is a document about 2014 Winter Olympics
  The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (XXII Олимпийские зимние игры) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 (Сочи 2014), was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC

Dario Cologna won the Men's 15 km classical skiing event at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.


Question: who was the prime minister of piedmont who organized the italian unification movement

Answer: Count Cavour

This is a document about Italian unification
 Italian Independence began in April 1859 when the Sardinian Prime Minister Count Cavour found an ally in Napoleon III. Napoleon III signed a secret alliance and Cavour provoked Austria with military maneuvers and eventually created the war in April 1859. Cavour called for volunteers to enlist in the Italian liberation. The Austrians planned to use their army to beat the Sardinians before the French could come to their aid. Austria had an army of 140,000 men, while the Sardinians had a mere 70,000 men by comparison. However the Austrians' numerical strength was outweighed by an ineffectual leadership appointed by the

This is a document about Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
 Victor Emmanuel also fiercely suppressed a revolt in Genoa, defining the rebels as a "vile and infected race of canailles." In 1852, he appointed Count Camillo Benso of Cavour ("Count Cavour") as Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. This turned out to be a wise choice, since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of the "Risorgimento", the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. He was especially popular in the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont because of his respect for the new constitution and

This is a document about House of Savoy
 figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini were influencing popular opinion. Mazzini believed that Italian unification could only be achieved through a popular uprising, but after the failure of the 1848 revolutions, the Italian nationalists began to look to the Kingdom of Sardinia and its prime minister Count Cavour as leaders of the unification movement. In 1848, Charles Albert conceded a constitution known as the "Statuto Albertino" to Piedmont-Sardinia, which remained the basis of the Kingdom's legal system even after Italian unification was achieved and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Kingdom of Italy was the

This is a document about Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
 Kingdom of Italy is a continuation of the traditions and procedures of the Parliament and Chamber of Deputies as established under King Charles Albert (1798–1849), during the Revolutions of 1848, and his son Victor Emmanuel II (1820–1878) of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont which led in the "Italian unification "Risorgimento" movement" of the 1850s and 1860s, under the leadership of then-Prime Minister Count Camillo Benso of Cavour ("Count Cavour"). The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the "Palazzo Montecitorio", where it has met since 1871, shortly after the capital of the Kingdom of Italy was moved to Rome at the

This is a document about La Perseveranza
 La Perseveranza La Perseveranza was a daily newspaper founded in Milan, the capital of Lombardy, on 29 November 1859 and published till 20 May 1922. It was generally representative of the centre-right political establishment, though there were occasions when it proved more than capable of taking an independent position. The paper was founded by a group of liberals and monarchists a few days after the annexation of Lombardy to Piedmont-Sardinia in the wider context of Italian unification. Its founders were wealthy members of the city's leading families, politically supportive of the Piedmontese First Minister, Count Cavour's unification strategy. Three of

This is a document about Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
  also fiercely suppressed a revolt in Genoa, defining the rebels as a "vile and infected race of canailles." In 1852, he appointed Count Camillo Benso of Cavour ("Count Cavour") as Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. This turned out to be a wise choice, since Cavour was a political mastermind and a major player in the Italian unification in his own right. Victor Emmanuel II soon became the symbol of the "Risorgimento", the Italian unification movement of the 1850s and early 60s. He was especially popular in the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont because of his respect for the new constitution and his liberal reforms.

This is a document about Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
  Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso, Count of Cavour, Isolabella and Leri (10 August 1810 – 6 June 1861), generally known as Cavour, was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement towards Italian unification. He was one of the leaders of the Historical Right, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont–Sardinia, a position he maintained (except for a six-month resignation) throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Giuseppe Garibaldi's campaigns to unite Italy. After the declaration of a united Kingdom of Italy, Cavour took office as the first prime minister of Italy; he died after only

This is a document about History of Rome
  influential figures of the Italian unification, Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi, fought for the short-lived republic. However, the actions of these two great men would not have resulted in unification without the sly leadership of Camillo Benso di Cavour, Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. Even among those who wanted to see the peninsula unified into one country, different groups could not agree on what form a unified state would take. Vincenzo Gioberti, a Piedmontese priest, had suggested a confederation of Italian states under rulership of the Pope. His book, Of the Moral and Civil Primacy of the Italians, was published in 1843

This is a document about Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Pa–Pl)
  junior partner. Piedmont'smost prominent figure was Count Camillo Cavour (1810–61), the statesman who inspired and forged the unification of Italy under Piedmont's leadership. Stamps were issued in Turin on 1 January 1851 but do not show the country's name. The first stamps ofunified Italy, issued in 1862, were also printed in Turin. In the catalogues, Gibbons list the Piedmont/Sardinia stamps under Sardinia. This is strictly correct but, in view of the historical prominence of Piedmont, this work follows the accepted practice of most historians. The relative insignificance of the island of Sardinia is perhaps best illustrated by the fact that Cavour, although a noted traveller, never actually visited it!

This is a document about James Hudson (diplomat)
  lead to unification According to Lord Cowley, British Ambassador in Paris, Cavour went further, believing Hudson to be a greater revolutionary than any Italian, had encouraged the Sardinian Government to action, and whose home was the rendezvous for disaffected liberals. The Times commented that although he had acted in accordance with the desires of English people, he had disregarded directions from two successive governments. Hudson was a collector of Italian art. His interest in painting fostered friendships with Massimo d'Azeglio, Prime Minister of Piedmont, and Giovanni Morelli, who were entertained at the British Legation. Hudson's mutual friends, art historian and diplomat Austen Layard and Florence-based English artist William Blundell Spence were visitors, and all could have been longstanding friends, Layard and Spence being at school together in Florence during Hudson's visit

This is a document about Expedition of the Thousand
  The Expedition took place within the overall process of the unification of Italy, which was largely orchestrated by Camillo Cavour, Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont, as his life's work. After the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchies of Modena and Parma and the Romagna to Piedmont in March 1860, Italian nationalists set their sights on the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which comprised all of southern mainland Italy and Sicily, as the next step toward their dream of unification of all Italian lands. In 1860 Garibaldi, already the most famous Italian revolutionary leader, was in Genoa planning an expedition against Sicily and Naples, with

This is a document about Italians
   After the Battle of Waterloo, the reaction set in with the Congress of Vienna allowed the restoration of many of the old rulers and systems under Austrian domination. The concept of nationalism continued strong, however, and sporadic outbreaks led by such inveterate reformers as Giuseppe Mazzini occurred in several parts of the peninsula down to 1848–49. This Risorgimento movement was brought to a successful conclusion under the guidance of Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont. Cavour managed to unite most of Italy under the headship of Victor Emmanuel II of the house of Savoy, and on 17 March 1861, the

This is a document about History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
  Modern Italy became a nation-state during the Risorgimento on March 17, 1861, when most of the states of the Italian Peninsula and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy, hitherto king of Sardinia, a realm that included Piedmont. Giuseppe Garibaldi (July 4, 1807 – June 2, 1882) was an Italian patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento. He personally led many of the military campaigns that brought about the formation of a unified Italy. He has been dubbed the "Hero of the Two Worlds" in tribute to his military expeditions in South America and Europe. The architect of Italian unification was Count

This is a document about History of Italy
  Italy became a nation-state belatedly on 17 March 1861, when most of the states of the peninsula were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy, which ruled over Piedmont. The architects of Italian unification were Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel, and Giuseppe Garibaldi, a general and national hero. In 1866, Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck offered Victor Emmanuel II an alliance with the Kingdom of Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War. In exchange Prussia would allow Italy to annex Austrian-controlled Venice. King Emmanuel agreed to the alliance and the Third Italian War of Independence began. The victory against Austria allowed Italy to annex Venice. The

This is a document about Nino Bixio
  Nino Bixio (, ; 2 October 1821 – 16 December 1873) was an Italian general, patriot and politician, one of the most prominent figures in the Italian unification.

This is a document about Treaty of Vienna (1866)
  Since 1848 Italian nationalist societies and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia had been trying to unify the post-Napoleonic Italian states into a single Italian nation. The main obstacle to Italian Unification was the Habsburg Monarchy, which directly or indirectly controlled much of Italy and was actively invested in keeping Italy divided. To overcome Austrian military might Piedmont (then Italy from 1861) would need to rely on foreign intervention by other European nations to overcome Austria. To this end the Piedmontese Prime Minister, Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, forged an alliance with France, agreeing to turn over the French speaking provinces of Savoy

This is a document about History of Italy
  of Sardinia lost. Garibaldi, a native of Nice (then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia), participated in an uprising in Piedmont in 1834, was sentenced to death, and escaped to South America. He spent fourteen years there, taking part in several wars, and returned to Italy in 1848. After the Revolutions of 1848, the apparent leader of the Italian unification movement was Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi. He was popular amongst southern Italians. Garibaldi led the Italian republican drive for unification in southern Italy, but the northern Italian monarchy of the House of Savoy in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia whose government was led by Camillo Benso, Count

This is a document about James Hudson (diplomat)
  Hudson returned to Italy when appointed by the 1852–55 UK coalition government to the British Legation at Piedmont, specifically to promote representative democracy. He developed a close relationship with Camillo Cavour, Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, later the first Prime Minister of a united Italy, and other leading Italian liberals, Giuseppe Massari, Marco Minghetti, Bettino Ricasoli, Giovanni Morelli and Verdi, which caused Lord Malmesbury, Foreign Minister of the 1858–59 Tory administration, to describe Hudson as "more Italian than the Italians themselves", and Victoria to express her displeasure at his closeness to the Italian liberal cause. Hudson's intimate association with Italian patriots was seen as too partisan for a man in his position, however, Malmesbury understood Hudson's reluctance to act in a way that could prevent a war (between France and Austria) that

This is a document about Il Risorgimento (newspaper)
  As editor of the newspaper, Cavour gained a great degree of influence in Sardinian politics; in an editorial on 23 March he pressed for a war to drive the Austrians from Lombardy and Venice, where urban revolutions were under way. This proved disastrous for the kingdom with its overwhelming defeat at the Battle of Novara (1849). Though he withdrew as editor in October 1848, Il Risorgimento paved Cavour's way towards entering the government—he was appointed prime minister to Vittorio II Emanuele in 1852, after Carlo Alberto's resignation— and a decade's career engineering Italian unification. In May 1849 Il Risorgimento combined with the more conservative La Nazione, continuing to support government measures. In the course of the unification of Italy, the term "risorgimento" came to be applied to the process of unification itself.

This is a document about House of Savoy
  passage through Piedmont. In 1798, Joubert occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel IV to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. Eventually, in 1814 the kingdom was restored and enlarged with the addition of the former Republic of Genoa by the Congress of Vienna. In the meantime, nationalist figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini were influencing popular opinion. Mazzini believed that Italian unification could only be achieved through a popular uprising, but after the failure of the 1848 revolutions, the Italian nationalists began to look to the Kingdom of Sardinia and its prime minister Count Cavour as leaders of the unification movement. In 1848, Charles Albert conceded a constitution known as the Statuto Albertino to Piedmont-Sardinia, which

Camillo Benso di Cavour was the prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement. He signed an alliance with Napoleon III in 1859 and provoked a war with Austria, which led to the creation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Cavour was a key figure in the Risorgimento movement and is known for his political savvy and his role in unifying Italy.


Question: who did we buy the gadsden purchase from

Answer: Mexico

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as , "Sale of La Mesilla") is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty that took effect on June 8, 1854. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 a large portion of its northwestern Mexican states while $15 million (equivalent to $ in ) was to buy the of desert necessary for the railroad plans. "Gadsden's antagonistic manner" alienated Santa Anna. Gadsden had advised Santa Anna that "the spirit of the age" would soon lead the northern states to secede so he might as well sell them now. Mexico balked at any large-scale sale of territory. The Mexican President felt threatened by William Walker's attempt to capture Baja California with 50 troops and annex Sonora. Gadsden disavowed any government backing of Walker, who was expelled by the U.S.

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 that amount would be necessary to police the border. Mexican officials, frustrated with the failure of the United States to effectively enforce its guarantee, demanded reparations for the losses inflicted on Mexican citizens by the raids. The United States argued that the Treaty did not require any compensation nor did it require any greater effort to protect Mexicans than was expended in protecting its own citizens. During the Fillmore administration, Mexico claimed damages of $40 million (equivalent to $ in ) but offered to allow the U.S. to buy-out Article XI for $25 million (equivalent to $ in ) while

This is a document about Andrew Gray (surveyor)
 the Rio Grande, over the Black Range, down the Gila River to its junction with the Colorado River, and across the desert of southern California to the Pacific Ocean at San Diego. The U.S. Congress reviewing the case sided with Gray, but in the interim the President had sent James Gadsden to Mexico City to buy not just the Mesilla Valley of New Mexico but what is now known as the Gadsden Purchase from Mexico. Gray's claim in his survey report that it was the best route for a railroad influenced the Senate to approve the Treaty in 1854. Earlier,

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 land claims before the Gadsden Purchase, though the proposed Bartlett–Conde compromise of 1851 would have left Deming in Mexico, or stated in positive terms, the negotiations for the Gadsden Purchase resolved the border disputes with Mexico, as well as transferred this land to the U.S. The boundaries of most counties in Arizona do not follow the northern boundary of the Gadsden Purchase, but six counties in Arizona do have most of their populations within the land of the Gadsden Purchase. Four of these also contain areas north of the Gadsden Purchase, but these areas do have low population densities, with

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 postage stamp commemorating 100 years since the Gadsden Purchase, on December 30, 1953. In 2012, the Gadsden Purchase was featured in a segment on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon." Gadsden Purchase The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as , "Sale of La Mesilla") is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty that took effect on June 8, 1854. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico. The U.S. Senate voted

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 southern transcontinental railroad. To William H. Emory of the U. S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers who surveyed the region in the 1840s-1850s, it was a good route "to the Pacific." Sunland Park (population 14,267 in 2010), a suburb of El Paso, Texas, in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, is the largest community of New Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase. Lordsburg, New Mexico (population 2,797 in 2010), the county seat of Hidalgo County, was in the disputed area before the Gadsden Purchase, and Deming, New Mexico, the county seat of Luna County, was north of both the Mexican and American

This is a document about Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad
 would be necessary to purchase a strip of territory along the Gila River from Mexico to make that project a reality. As Minister to Mexico, he negotiated the Gadsden Purchase, which enabled the United States to buy more than of land from Mexico for $10 million. In late 1839, after the company obtained financing in 1838, the company acquired control through a stock interest in the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company of the railroad line between Charleston and Hamburg, South Carolina. In 1840, the South Carolina company constructed a railroad line between Branchville, South Carolina and Columbia, South Carolina.

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase. In 1863, using a north-to-south dividing line, the Union created its own Arizona Territory out of the western half of the New Mexico Territory. The new American Arizona Territory also included most of the lands acquired in the Gadsden Purchase. This territory would be admitted into the Union as the State of Arizona on February 14, 1912, the last area of the Lower 48 States to receive statehood. After the Gadsden Purchase, southern Arizona's social elite, including the Estevan Ochoa, Mariano Samaniego, and Leopoldo Carillo families, remained primarily Mexican

This is a document about James Gadsden
 Gadsden Purchase from Mexico of about of land in northmost Mexico for $10,000,000. In the fall of 1856 he retired as minister to Mexico, and returned to Charleston where Gadsden died in 1858. The sectional crisis of the late 1850s and subsequent Civil War delayed construction of a proposed southern transcontinental railroad to California along the 32d parallel, just to the north of the Mexican border. Between 1878 and 1881, though, the Southern Pacific Railroad (now part of the Union Pacific Railroad) built the section of the southern transcontinental between Yuma and El Paso within the Gadsden Purchase territory. At

This is a document about James Gadsden
 James Gadsden James Gadsden (May 15, 1788December 26, 1858) was an American diplomat, soldier and businessman for whom is named the Gadsden Purchase, land which the United States bought from Mexico and which became the southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. James Gadsden served as Adjutant General of the U. S. Army from August 13, 1821 – March 22, 1822. Between 1853 and 1856, he served as U. S. Minister to Mexico. He was known commonly as General Gadsden, although he never had a rank above Colonel. Little is known about the life of Gadsden, especially his early life.

This is a document about Gadsden Purchase
 copper producers. From Bisbee, a third sub-transcontinental was built across the Gadsden Purchase, the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad, to El Paso by 1905, then to a link with the Rock Island line to form the Golden State Route. The EP&SW was sold to the Southern Pacific in the early 1920s. The portion of the Southern Pacific in Arizona was originally largely in the Gadsden Purchase but the western part was later rerouted north of the Gila River to serve the city of Phoenix (as part of the agreement in purchasing the EP&SW). The portion in New Mexico runs largely

This is a document about James Gadsden
 the same time, 1880-1882, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad completed a transcontinental link through the Gadsden Purchase and then southwest to a terminus at the port of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Completed October 25, 1882, this line was later acquired by the Southern Pacific. Today, the rail link across the Gadsden Purchase on the southern transcontinental is one of the busiest in the Western Hemisphere. The land bought by the Gadsden Purchase contained the site of Arizona's second largest city, Tucson, a one-time Spanish presidio town, the minor cities and towns of Casa Grande, and Yuma, Arizona, Lordsburg, Deming,

This is a document about Presidency of Franklin Pierce
 in consulates. Marcy received international praise for his 73-page letter defending Austrian refugee Martin Koszta, who had been captured abroad in mid-1853 by the Austrian government despite his intention to become a U.S. citizen. Secretary of War Davis, an advocate of a southern transcontinental route, persuaded Pierce to send rail magnate James Gadsden to Mexico to buy land for a potential railroad. Gadsden was also charged with re-negotiating provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which required the U.S. to prevent Native American raids into Mexico from New Mexico Territory. Pierce authorized Gadsden to negotiate a treaty offering $50 million

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 accounts take it for granted that the purchase has been a boon to the United States" but he feels that the region produces little tax revenue; most mines are on Indian reservations which receive all royalties. The federal government spent much money during the 19th century to defend the territory from Apaches that would not have been necessary without the purchase. The value of the southern transcontinental rail line is not mentioned in this brief analysis. Another view of the value of the Gadsden Purchase and the resolution of the border between the U.S. and Mexico west from El Paso,

This is a document about James Gadsden
 Force, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, Coronado National Forest, Sonoran Desert National Monument, Ironwood Forest National Monument, Saguaro National Park, and the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation of the U.S. Army. Gadsden was buried in St. Philips Church Cemetery in Charleston, South Carolina. James Gadsden James Gadsden (May 15, 1788December 26, 1858) was an American diplomat, soldier and businessman for whom is named the Gadsden Purchase, land which the United States bought from Mexico and which became the southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. James Gadsden served as Adjutant General of the U. S. Army

This is a document about Gadsden, Alabama
 proposed constructing a railroad from the port of Savannah to Nashville, Tennessee through their land. The original survey of Gadsden included the Hughes brothers' land, plus that of John S. Moragne and Lewis L. Rhea. On July 4, 1845, Captain James Lafferty piloted the steamboat "Coosa" to the settlement. He landed near the site where the Memorial Bridge was built. The Hughes brothers suggested renaming the town as "Lafferty's Landing", but residents adopted "Gadsden" in honor of Colonel James Gadsden of South Carolina. He later was noted for negotiating the United States' Gadsden Purchase from Mexico. In 1867, after the

This is a document about East Sahuarita, Arizona
 sold the land to the United States as part of the Gadsden Purchase. In 1854, following the Gadsden Purchase, Sahuarita would become a part of the Territory of New Mexico, in the United States of America. In the same year, Andrew B. Gray would travel the region on behalf of the Texas Western Railroad, in order to run a preliminary survey of the region. Meanwhile, the Native American peoples of the region were being pushed onto each other's land through American expansionism. In 1857, the Sobaipuri, who had acted as a buffer between the hostile Mexicans to the south and

This is a document about Sahuarita, Arizona
 Gadsden Purchase. In 1854, following the Gadsden Purchase, Sahuarita would become a part of the Territory of New Mexico, in the United States of America. In the same year, Andrew B. Gray would travel the region on behalf of the Texas Western Railroad, in order to run a preliminary survey of the region. Meanwhile, the Native American peoples of the region were being pushed onto each other's land through American expansionism. In 1857, the Sobaipuri, who had acted as a buffer between the hostile Mexicans to the south and Apache to the north, finally collapsed under the pressure and vacated

The Gadsden Purchase was bought from Mexico.


Question: a systolic bp value is the pressure when

Answer: the ventricles are contracting

This is a document about Blood pressure
 millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury. For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. An example of normal measured values for a resting, healthy adult human is 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic (written as 120/80 mmHg, and spoken as "one-twenty over eighty").

This is a document about Blood pressure measurement
 Blood pressure measurement Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury. For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the

This is a document about Blood pressure measurement
 venous, pulmonary arterial, left atrial, right atrial, femoral arterial, umbilical venous, umbilical arterial, and intracranial pressures. Blood pressure measurement Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury. For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is

This is a document about Pulse
  Also known as compressibility of pulse. It is a rough measure of systolic blood pressure.

This is a document about Blood pressure
  Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) above the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Blood pressure is one of the vital signs—together with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature—that healthcare professionals use in evaluating a patient's health.

This is a document about Systolic hypertension
  In medicine, systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). If the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension".

This is a document about Systole
  When blood pressure is stated for medical purposes, it is usually written with the systolic and diastolic pressures separated by a slash, for example, 120/80 mmHg. This clinical notation is not a mathematical figure for a fraction or ratio, nor a display of a numerator over a denominator. Rather, it is a medical notation showing the two clinically significant pressures involved (systole followed by diastole). It is often shown followed by a third number, the value of the heart rate (in beats per minute), which typically is measured jointly with blood pressure readings.

This is a document about Pulse pressure
  Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. Resting blood pressure is normally approximately 120/80 mmHg, which yields a pulse pressure of approximately 40 mmHg.

This is a document about Diastole
  When blood pressure is stated for medical purposes, it is usually written with the systolic and diastolic pressures separated by a slash, for example, 120/80 mmHg. This clinical notation is not a mathematical figure for a fraction or ratio, nor a display of a numerator over a denominator. Rather it is a medical notation showing the two clinically significant pressures involved (i.e., systolic-slash-diastolic, or 120/80). It is often shown followed by a third number, the value of the heart rate (in beats per minute), which typically is measured jointly with blood pressure readings.

This is a document about Sphygmomanometer
  By observing the mercury in the column, or the aneroid gauge pointer, while releasing the air pressure with a control valve, the operator notes the values of the blood pressure in mm Hg. The peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle is the systolic pressure, and the lowest pressure (at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle) is the diastolic pressure. A stethoscope, applied lightly over the artery being measured, is used in the auscultatory method. Systolic pressure (first phase) is identified with the first of the continuous Korotkoff sounds. Diastolic pressure is identified at the moment the Korotkoff sounds disappear (fifth phase). Measurement of the blood pressure is carried out in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), and in many other healthcare scenarios.

This is a document about Blood pressure measurement
   Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury. For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. An example of normal measured values for a resting, healthy adult human is 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic (written

This is a document about Hypotension
  Hypotension is low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. Blood pressure is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the maximum and minimum blood pressures, respectively. A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60 mm Hg is generally considered to be hypotension. Different numbers apply to children. However, in practice, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present. Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which

This is a document about Vital signs
  Blood pressure is recorded as two readings: a higher systolic pressure, which occurs during the maximal contraction of the heart, and the lower diastolic or resting pressure. In adults, a normal blood pressure is 120/80, with 120 being the systolic and 80 being the diastolic reading. Usually, the blood pressure is read from the left arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the pulse pressure. The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with an aneroid or electronic sphygmomanometer. The classic measurement device is a mercury sphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off in millimeters. In the

This is a document about Blood pressure
  The pulse pressure is the difference between the measured systolic and diastolic pressures,  The pulse pressure is a consequence of the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output, i.e. the heartbeat. The magnitude of the pulse pressure is usually attributed to the interaction of the stroke volume of the heart, the compliance (ability to expand) of the arterial system—largely attributable to the aorta and large elastic arteries—and the resistance to flow in the arterial tree.

This is a document about Portsmouth sign
  Portsmouth sign refers to a situation in which the systolic blood pressure (SBP) reading (measured in mmHg) falls below that of the heart rate (HR) (measured in beats per minute). It typically signifies a worrying clinical prognosis, specifically caused by shock. The sign takes its name from physicians working at Portsmouth University who first described the sign in the context of hypotension. It is most often noted clinically when reviewing observations charts which often plot SBP and HR on the same axis, allowing direct observation of situations in which SBP falls below HR. Patients exhibiting this sign are likely to be significantly fluid depleted and in urgent need of aggressive fluid resuscitation. This sign is part of a number of 'early warning' signs that can be used to promptly detect abnormal physiological states.

This is a document about Pulse pressure
 Systemic pulse pressure (usually measured at upper right arm artery) = Psystolic - Pdiastolic ; e.g. normal 120mmHg - 80mmHg = 40mmHg or 33% of systolic pressure ; high 160mmHg - 80mmHg = 80mmHg or 50% of systolic pressure ; Pulmonary (Heart-Lung) pulse pressure (PAP) is normally a lot lower than systemic blood pressure. It is measured by right heart catheterization or may be estimated by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) Normal pulmonary artery pressure is between 8mmHg -20 mm Hg at rest. ; e.g. normal 15mmHg - 8mmHg = 7mmHg 46.7% ; high 25mmHg - 10mmHg = 15mmHg 60% Pulse pressure is the (higher) systolic blood pressure minus the (lower) diastolic blood pressure. The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount

This is a document about Ventricle (heart)
   Ventricular pressure is a measure of blood pressure within the ventricles of the heart.

This is a document about Blood pressure
  increased difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (see Pulse pressure). If systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140 mmHg) with a normal diastolic blood pressure (<90 mmHg), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension" and may present a health concern. For those with heart valve regurgitation, a change in its severity may be associated with a change in diastolic pressure. In a study of people with heart valve regurgitation that compared measurements two weeks apart for each person, there was an increased severity of aortic and mitral regurgitation when diastolic blood pressure increased, whereas when diastolic blood pressure decreased, there was a decreased severity.

This is a document about Artery
   Systemic arterial pressures are generated by the forceful contractions of the heart's left ventricle. High blood pressure is a factor in causing arterial damage. Healthy resting arterial pressures are relatively low, mean systemic pressures typically being under 100 mmHg above surrounding atmospheric pressure (about 760 mmHg at sea level). To withstand and adapt to the pressures within, arteries are surrounded by varying thicknesses of smooth muscle which have extensive elastic and inelastic connective tissues. The pulse pressure, being the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected by each heart beat, stroke volume, versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries. A blood squirt also known as an arterial gush is the effect when an artery is cut due to the higher arterial pressures. Blood is spurted out at a

A systolic blood pressure (BP) value is the pressure when the heart contracts and pushes blood towards the arteries. It is the peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle.