Question: who did the voice of jafar in aladdin

Answer: Jonathan Freeman

This is a document about Jonathan Freeman (actor)
 Jonathan Freeman (actor) Jonathan Freeman (born February 5, 1950) is an American actor, voice actor, singer and puppeteer, known for puppetering and voicing Tito Swing in "Shining Time Station" and for voicing Jafar in Disney's "Aladdin" franchise, as well as the "Kingdom Hearts" franchise and the 2011 "Aladdin" Broadway musical. Freeman was born in Cleveland, Ohio on February 5, 1950. He graduated from Ohio University. As well as being the voice of Jafar in "Aladdin", Freeman is also known for being the puppeteer for Tito Swing of the Jukebox Band (Flexitoon Puppets) on the PBS series "Shining Time Station". In

This is a document about Jafar (Disney)
 Jafar (Disney) Jafar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 31st animated feature film "Aladdin" (1992). He is voiced by American actor Jonathan Freeman in most media, including the live-action Broadway musical adaptation. An inspiration to the character is the villain "Jafar", played by Conrad Veidt in "The Thief of Bagdad", from which "Aladdin" borrows several character ideas and plot elements. The Jafar of Disney's "Aladdin" plays essentially the same part as the character from the 1940 movie, and is drawn with notable similarity to Conrad Veidt's looks. Animator Andreas Deja decided to design Jafar in a

This is a document about Aladdin (franchise)
 "Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge" is the "Aladdin" franchise video game which was developed for the PlayStation and PC by Argonaut Games and distributed by Disney Interactive in 2001. The game is set after the events of "The Return of Jafar", during the television series, and before "Aladdin and the King of Thieves". The legendary city of Agrabah is in trouble again: the evil sorceress Nasira (Jodi Benson) is out to avenge the death of her brother, the nefarious sorcerer Jafar (Jonathan Freeman). She begins her vengeful plot by taking over the palace with a spell and kidnapping Princess Jasmine

This is a document about The Producers (2005 film)
 Leo go on to become successful Broadway producers. In a post-credits scene, the cast sings "Goodbye!", telling the audience to leave the theater. Ernie Sabella, Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick's co-star from "The Lion King", makes a brief appearance in the deleted song "You'll Find Your Happiness in Rio" as a drunk bar patron. Also, Jonathan Freeman who provided the voice for Jafar in "Aladdin", makes a small appearance as a ticket taker. On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 50% based on 153 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite

This is a document about Jafar (Aladdin)
  Jafar is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Walt Disney Pictures' 31st animated feature film Aladdin (1992). He is voiced by American actor Jonathan Freeman, who also portrayed the character in the Broadway musical adaptation. Jafar also appears in the 1994 sequel to Aladdin, but he is not in the 1996 third film or the TV series. An inspiration to the character is the villain Jafar, played by Conrad Veidt in The Thief of Bagdad, from which Aladdin borrows several character ideas and plot elements. The Jafar of Disney's Aladdin plays essentially the same part as the character from the 1940 film, and is drawn with notable similarity to Veidt's looks. He is loosely based on the real-life Persian Abbasid vizier Ja'far ibn Yahya.

This is a document about Aladdin (1992 Disney film)
  was chosen for the role of Jasmine nine months after her audition, and had to adjust, or lower, her high-pitched voice to reach the voice the filmmakers were looking for in the character. Jasmine's supervising animator was Mark Henn. Lea Salonga provides Jasmine's singing voice. ; Jonathan Freeman as Jafar, the power-hungry Grand vizier of Agrabah. Freeman was the first actor cast and spent one year and nine months recording his dialogue. He later readjusted his voice after Weinger and Larkin were cast as he felt "Jafar had to be seen as a real threat to Aladdin and Jasmine", as he was originally envisioned as an

This is a document about Life, Animated
 Jonathan Freeman as the voice of Jafar ; Gilbert Gottfried as the voice of Iago ; Alan Rosenblatt ; Owen Suskind as himself ; Ron Suskind as himself

This is a document about Jafar (Aladdin)
  In the 1992 adaptation of Aladdin, where he is voiced by Jonathan Freeman, Jafar is the Grand Vizier of Agrabah, the Sultan's most trusted advisor. He is also an evil sorcerer who strongly dislikes being second best. Jafar secretly plots to obtain the Genie's magical oil lamp and rule Agrabah. Early in the film, Aladdin is imprisoned in the palace dungeons, as arranged by Jafar due to his influence over the guards. He lies to Princess Jasmine claiming Aladdin has already been executed while he pretends to be shocked that he had mistakenly believed that Aladdin abducted her. Jafar (disguised as a

This is a document about The Return of Jafar
  On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating of 33% based on 12 reviews collected, with a weighted average score of 3.91/10. David Nusair of Reelfilm.com summed up most of the negative feelings that contributed to this rating: "Notable as the first direct-to-video Disney sequel, The Return of Jafar follows Aladdin (Scott Weinger) as he attempts to once again foil Jafar's (Jonathan Freeman) villainous plot to take over Agrabah. And despite the fact that he was freed from his lamp at the end of the first film, the genie (now voiced by Dan Castellaneta) is back

This is a document about Aladdin (1992 Disney film)
  character, but the directors decided that a calm villain would be scarier. Jafar's supervising animator was Andreas Deja, while Jafar's beggar and snake forms are animated by Kathy Zielinski. ; Frank Welker as Abu, Aladdin's kleptomaniac pet monkey with a falsetto voice. Welker also voices Jasmine's tiger Rajah and the Cave of Wonders. Duncan Marjoribanks was the supervising animator for Abu, while Rajah was animated by Aaron Blaise. ; Gilbert Gottfried as Iago, Jafar's sardonic, hot-tempered parrot assistant. Although he is not anthropomorphic at all, he uses his ability to mimic speech to communicate on a human level. Will Finn was the supervising animator for

This is a document about List of Disney's Aladdin characters
  As Royal Vizier of Agrabah, Jafar (voiced by Jonathan Freeman in most cases, portrayed by Marwan Kenzari in the live-action film) was presented as the Sultan's most trusted and loyal councilman. Imperious, Jafar held passionate disdain for the head, and dedicated the latter half of his life to gaining ownership of a magic lamp containing an all-powerful genie—to that end, he would control cosmic power, to which he would use to overtake the Sultanate and the world at large. The 2019 film depicted him as being a thief who rose up to his current station, Jafar's motivation in taking over Agrabah is to enact revenge on the kingdom's neighboring ally Shirabad, the homeland of the Sultan's wife and Jasmine's late mother, while conquering the other kingdoms.

This is a document about Prince Ali (song)
  "Prince Ali" and its reprise are two musical numbers from the 1992 Disney animated film Aladdin. The first part was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie and the reprise is performed by Jonathan Freeman in his role as Jafar. The song performed by Williams was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993. After Williams' death in 2014, the first part of the song received extensive airplay on UK National Radio.

This is a document about Aladdin (1992 Disney film)
  Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is the 31st Disney animated feature film and was the fourth produced during the Disney Renaissance. It was produced and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and is based on the Arabic folktale of the same name from the One Thousand and One Nights. The voice cast features Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Jonathan Freeman, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried, and Douglas Seale. The film follows the titular Aladdin, an Arabian street urchin, who finds a magic lamp containing a genie. He disguises himself as a wealthy prince and tries to impress the Sultan and his daughter, Princess Jasmine. Lyricist Howard Ashman first

This is a document about Jonathan Freeman (actor)
  As well as being the voice of Jafar in Aladdin, a role he once said he's called in to reprise every 3 to 6 months, Freeman is also known for being the puppeteer for Tito Swing of the Jukebox Band (Flexitoon Puppets) on the PBS series Shining Time Station. Freeman reprised his role as Jafar in the direct-to-video sequel to Aladdin, The Return of Jafar. In 1994, he was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical for his role in She Loves Me. Additionally, he appeared in the Broadway revival productions of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, The Producers, On the Town, and 42nd Street, during which his caricature was drawn for Sardi's restaurant in 2002. Freeman can be heard on the 1997 Varèse Sarabande

This is a document about Kinpei Azusa
 Aladdin and the King of Thieves (Sultan) ; Legend of the Galactic Heroes (Wilhelm von Klopstock) ; The Return of Jafar (Sultan)

This is a document about Robin Williams
  of celebrities, including Ed Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley Jr., Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Arsenio Hall. His role in Aladdin became one of his most recognized and best-loved, and the film was the highest-grossing of 1992; it won numerous awards, including a Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for Williams. His performance led the way for other animated films to incorporate actors with more star power. He was named a Disney Legend in 2009. Due to Disney breaking an agreement with Williams regarding the use of the Genie in the advertising for Aladdin, Williams refused to sign on for the direct-to-video sequel The Return of Jafar (1994), where the

This is a document about The Return of Jafar
 Gilbert Gottfried as Iago ; Jason Alexander as Abis Mal ; Jonathan Freeman as Jafar ; Scott Weinger as Aladdin ; Brad Kane as Aladdin (singing voice) ; Linda Larkin as Princess Jasmine ; Liz Callaway as Princess Jasmine (singing voice) ; Dan Castellaneta as Genie ; Frank Welker as Abu and Rajah ; Val Bettin as the Sultan ; Jim Cummings as Razoul

This is a document about Genie (Disney)
  The Genie is a fictional Jinn appearing in Walt Disney Pictures' 31st animated feature film Aladdin (1992). He was voiced by Robin Williams in the first film. Following a contract dispute between Williams and the Walt Disney Company, Dan Castellaneta voiced the Genie throughout the direct-to-video feature The Return of Jafar, as well as the television series, before Williams reprised the role for the final installment, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, as well as for the character's own mini-series, Great Minds Think for Themselves. Dan Castellaneta voiced the Genie in Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge and later the Kingdom Hearts series of video games by Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios for both Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II (with archived audio used in other Kingdom Hearts games). Jim Meskimen took over the role in Disney Think Fast (2008) and Kinect Disneyland Adventures (2011) and currently voices him, after Williams' death in 2014. Will Smith plays a live-action version of the character in the 2019 live-action adaptation of the original 1992 film.

This is a document about Akira Takarada
 Aladdin (1993) (Jafar) ; The Return of Jafar ; Disney's House of Mouse (Ratigan, Jafar) ; Disney's The Great Mouse Detective (Ratigan) ; Star Wars Rebels Season 3 (Bendu)

Jonathan Freeman voiced Jafar in Disney's "Aladdin" (1992) and its related media, including the 2001 video game "Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge."


Question: what was the population of india in 1950

Answer: 361,088,090

This is a document about 1951 Census of India
 million(84.1%) and Muslims were 34 million(9.8%) in 1951 census. 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. Hindus comprised about 66 per cent of the population of India before partition. 1951 Census of India The 1951 Census of India was the 9th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. It is also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The population of India was counted as 361,088,090 (1:0.946 male:female) Total population increased by 42,427,510, 13.31%

This is a document about 2001 Census of India
  The 2001 Census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. Total population increased by 182,310,397, 21.5% more than the 846,427,039 people counted during the 1991 census.

This is a document about 1950 in India
  Events in the year 1950 in the Republic of India.

This is a document about 1951 Census of India
  The 1951 Census of India was the ninth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. It is also the first census after independence and Partition of India. 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The population of India was counted as 361,088,090 (1:0.946 male:female) Total population increased by 42,427,510, 13.31% more than the 318,660,580 people counted during the 1941 census. No census was done for Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 and its figures were interpolated from 1941 and 1961 state census. National Register of Citizens for Assam (NRC) was prepared soon after the census. In 1951, at the time of the first population Census, just 18% of Indians were literate while life expectancy was 32 years. Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan ) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan).

This is a document about India
  With 1,210,193,422 residents reported in the 2011 provisional census report, India is the world's second-most populous country. Its population grew by 17.64% from 2001 to 2011, compared to 21.54% growth in the previous decade (1991–2001). The human sex ratio, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males. The median age was 28.7. The first post-colonial census, conducted in 1951, counted 361 million people. Medical advances made in the last 50 years as well as increased agricultural productivity brought about by the "Green Revolution" have caused India's population to grow rapidly. The average life expectancy in India is at 68 years—69.6 years for women, 67.3 years for men.

This is a document about 1971 Census of India
  The 1971 Census of India was the 11th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. The population of India was counted as 547,949,809 people.

This is a document about List of urban agglomerations in India
  India is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people. India consists of twenty-eight states and nine union territories. It is a home to 17.5 percent of the world's population. The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since 1951, a census has been carried out every 10 years. The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government. The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas. Of them 145,000

This is a document about Demographics of India
  According to the data provided by United Nations, India's Population in 2021 is estimated to be 1.39 Billion with a growth rate of 1.2%.

This is a document about List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India
  India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people. India consists of twenty-eight states and nine union territories. It is a home to 17.5 percent of the world's population. The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since 1951, a census has been carried out every 10 years. The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government. The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas. Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999

This is a document about Demographics of India
  India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's population. According to the population stood at. In December 2021, India's population crossed 1.4 Billion. (The Worldometers clock page said "The current population of India is 1,399,716,988 as of Wednesday, December 15, 2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data." on December 16, 2021, after the population was already above 1.4 billion ) Between 1975 and 2010, the population doubled to 1.2 billion, reaching the billion mark in 1998. India is projected to surpass China to become the List of countries bworld's most populous country by 2024. It is expected to become the first country to be home to more than 1.5 billion people by 2030, and its population is set to

This is a document about 1991 Census of India
  The 1991 Census of India was the 13th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. The population of India was counted as 838,583,988. The number of enumerators was 1.6 million.

This is a document about Hinduism in Maharashtra
   The following data is taken from 2001 Census of India.

This is a document about Demographic history of Pakistan
  Pakistan's yearly population from 1950 to 2014.

This is a document about Higher education in India
  This is a chart of India as per Census 2001.

This is a document about Partition of India
  Massive population exchanges occurred between the two newly formed states in the months immediately following the partition. There was no conception that population transfers would be necessary because of the partitioning. Religious minorities were expected to stay put in the states they found themselves residing in. However, an exception was made for Punjab, where the transfer of populations was organized because of the communal violence affecting the province, this did not apply to other provinces. "The population of undivided India in 1947 was approx 390 million. After partition, there were 330 million people in India, 30 million in West Pakistan, and 30 million

This is a document about India
  been a federal republic since 1950, governed in a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to 1.211 billion in 2011. During the same time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$1,498, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951, India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. It has a space programme which includes several planned or completed extraterrestrial missions. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play

This is a document about 1961 Census of India
  The 1961 Census of India was the tenth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872. The population of India was counted as 438,936,918 people.

This is a document about 2011 Census of India
  The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,210,854,977. India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India, with 2.4% of the world's surface area, accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. Over half the population resided in the six most populous states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Of the 1.21 billion Indians, 833 million (68.84%) live in rural areas while 377 million stay in urban areas. 453.6 million people in India are migrants, which is 37.8% of total population. India is home to many religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism,

This is a document about List of states and union territories of India by population
   The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951. The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government. The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent. Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu has the fastest growth rate of 55.1 percent, followed by Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest

The population of India in 1950 was 360,808,000.


Question: where is the part of the brain that controls speech

Answer: Broca 's area

This is a document about Broca's area
 Broca's area Broca's area or the Broca area or is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, usually the left, of the brain with functions linked to speech production. Language processing has been linked to Broca's area since Pierre Paul Broca reported impairments in two patients. They had lost the ability to speak after injury to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the brain. Since then, the approximate region he identified has become known as Broca's area, and the deficit in language production as Broca's aphasia, also called expressive aphasia. Broca's area is now typically defined in

This is a document about Focal and diffuse brain injury
 blows, and gunshot wounds. Focal injuries typically have symptoms that are related to the damaged area of the brain. Stroke can produce focal damage that is associated with signs and symptoms that correspond to the part of the brain that was damaged. For example, if a speech center of the brain such as Broca's area is damaged, problems with speech are common. Focal injuries include the following: Diffuse injuries, also called multifocal injuries, include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, and damage to blood vessels. Unlike focal injuries, which are usually easy to detect using imaging, diffuse injuries may be

This is a document about Jerome of Sandy Cove
 seem to mind, and stayed there for the rest of his life, which ended on April 15, 1912. It has been suggested that Jerome was a sailor who may have attempted a mutiny, being punished by amputation. Another suggestion is that he could have been an heir to a fortune and was "gotten rid of" to make way for someone else seeking his inheritance. It is possible that Jerome's difficulties with producing speech could be linked to a brain injury, most likely in Broca's Area, the part of the brain that regulates speech. Jerome would have been incapable of speaking

This is a document about Speech
 Broca's area, where morphology, syntax, and instructions for articulation are generated. This is then sent from Broca's area to the motor cortex for articulation. Paul Broca identified an approximate region of the brain in 1861 which, when damaged in two of his patients, caused severe deficits in speech production, where his patients were unable to speak beyond a few monosyllabic words. This deficit, known as Broca's or expressive aphasia, is characterized by difficulty in speech production where speech is slow and labored, function words are absent, and syntax is severely impaired, as in telegraphic speech. In expressive aphasia, speech comprehension

This is a document about Postmortem studies
 the area of his brain that was important for speech production. The area of the brain that Broca identified is now known as Broca's area; damage to this section of the brain can lead to Expressive aphasia. Karl Wernicke also used postmortem studies to link specific areas of the brain with speech production. However his research focused more on patients who could speak, however their speech made little sense and/or had trouble understanding spoken words or sentences. His research in language comprehension and the brain also found it to be localized in the left hemisphere, but in a different section.

This is a document about Cerebral hypoxia
 specific part of the brain, brain damage will be localized to that region. A general consequence may be epilepsy. The long-term effects will depend on the purpose of that portion of the brain. Damage to the Broca's area and the Wernicke's area of the brain (left side) typically causes problems with speech and language. Damage to the right side of the brain may interfere with the ability to express emotions or interpret what one sees. Damage on either side can cause paralysis of the opposite side of the body. The effects of certain kinds of severe generalized hypoxias may take

This is a document about Mass Action Principle (neuroscience)
 less drastic effects than would be expected if the tasks were localized within the brain. This was shown in Lashley's rat maze experiments, in which the amount of tissue removed was more important to the rat's performance than where the tissue was removed from within the brain. There are, however, examples of highly specialized areas of the brain in which even small amounts of damage can cause dramatic effects on people's abilities to perform certain tasks. Two such areas effect the comprehension of speech and the ability to produce coherent speech, Wernicke's area and Broca's area, respectively. It is now

This is a document about Speech production
  The motor control for speech production in right handed people depends mostly upon areas in the left cerebral hemisphere. These areas include the bilateral supplementary motor area, the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus, the left insula, the left primary motor cortex and temporal cortex. There are also subcortical areas involved such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The cerebellum aids the sequencing of speech syllables into fast, smooth and rhythmically organized words and longer utterances.

This is a document about Human brain
  functions are visual reception, visual-spatial processing, movement, and colour recognition. There is a smaller occipital lobule in the lobe known as the cuneus. The temporal lobe controls auditory and visual memories, language, and some hearing and speech.  The cerebrum contains the ventricles where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced and circulated. Below the corpus callosum is the septum pellucidum, a membrane that separates the lateral ventricles. Beneath the lateral ventricles is the thalamus and to the front and below this is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus leads on to the pituitary gland. At the back of the thalamus is the brainstem. The basal ganglia, also called

This is a document about Delayed Auditory Feedback
  feedback subsystems in the vocal monitor process could be different between the sexes. In general, more rapid, fluent speakers are less affected by DAF than slower, less fluent speakers. Also, more rapid fluent speakers are maximally disrupted by a shorter delay time, while slower speakers are maximally disrupted under longer delay times. Studies using computational modeling and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that the temporo-parietal regions function as a conscious self-monitoring system to support an automatic speech production system and that projections from auditory error cells in the posterior superior temporal cortex that go to motor correction cells in right frontal cortex mediate auditory feedback control of speech.

This is a document about Brodmann area 45
  control over their memory. This type of processing is directed, in part, by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Pars triangularis is found in this region. When reading aloud, people must decode written language to decipher its pronunciation. This processing takes place in Broca's area. The reader might use previous knowledge of a word in order to correctly vocalize it, or the reader might use knowledge of systematic letter combinations, which represent corresponding phonemes. Scientists can learn about what the brain is doing while people process language by looking at what it does with errors in language. As above, scientists can investigate the extra processing that occurs when people are challenged with

This is a document about Verbal intelligence
  a key role in this step. Finally, the brain must signal for the words to actually be spoken. This is carried out by the premotor cortex and the motor cortex. In most cases, speech production is controlled by the left hemisphere. In a series of studies, Wilder Penfield, among others, probed the brains of both right-handed (generally left-hemisphere dominant) and left-handed (generally right-hemisphere dominant) patients. They discovered that, regardless of handedness, the left hemisphere was almost always the speech controlling side. However, it has been discovered that in cases of neural stress (hemorrhage, stroke, etc.) the right hemisphere has the ability to take control of speech functions.

This is a document about Verbal intelligence
  Speech production is process by which a thought in the brain is converted into an understandable auditory form. This is a multistage mechanism that involves many different areas of the brain. The first stage is planning, where the brain constructs words and sentences that turn the thought into an understandable form. This occurs primarily in the inferior frontal cortex, specifically in an area known as Broca's area. Next, the brain must plan how to physically create the sounds necessary for speech by linking the planned speech with known sounds, or phonemes. While the location of these associations is not known, it is known that the supplementary motor area

This is a document about Inferior frontal gyrus
  The left opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus is a part of the articulatory network involved in motor syllable programs. The articulatory network also contains the premotor cortex, and the anterior insula. These areas are interrelated but have specific functions in speech comprehension and production. The articulatory network acts mostly when the vocal tract moves to produce syllables. The pars opercularis acts indirectly through the motor cortex to control the motor aspect of speech production, and codes motor programs for this system, while the auditory cortex (via the temporoparietal junction in the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) houses a series of sensory targets. Together, these areas function as a sensory-motor loop for syllable information coding. In a study conducted comparing phonological and arithmetic

This is a document about Language
  The brain is the coordinating center of all linguistic activity; it controls both the production of linguistic cognition and of meaning and the mechanics of speech production. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the neurological bases for language is quite limited, though it has advanced considerably with the use of modern imaging techniques. The discipline of linguistics dedicated to studying the neurological aspects of language is called neurolinguistics. Early work in neurolinguistics involved the study of language in people with brain lesions, to see how lesions in specific areas affect language and speech. In this way, neuroscientists in the 19th century discovered that two areas in the brain are crucially implicated in language processing. The first area is Wernicke's area, which is in the posterior section of

This is a document about Language center
  of relatively large areas of the brain are involved in speech processing. In more recent research, subcortical regions (those lying below the cerebral cortex such as the putamen and the caudate nucleus), as well as the pre-motor areas (BA 6), have received increased attention. It is now generally assumed that the following structures of the cerebral cortex near the primary and secondary auditory cortices play a fundamental role in speech processing: ·       Superior temporal gyrus (STG): morphosyntactic processing (anterior section), integration of syntactic and semantic information (posterior section) ·       Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, Brodmann area (BA) 45/47): syntactic processing, working memory ·       Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, BA 44): syntactic processing, working memory ·

This is a document about Mammal
  function to lower the resonances or increase the volume of sound. The vocal production system is controlled by the cranial nerve nuclei in the brain, and supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve, branches of the vagus nerve. The vocal tract is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve and facial nerves. Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PEG) region of the mammalian midbrain elicit vocalizations. The ability to learn new vocalizations is only exemplified in humans, seals, cetaceans, elephants and possibly bats; in humans, this is the result of a direct connection between the motor cortex, which controls movement, and the motor neurons in the spinal cord.

This is a document about Dysprosody
  Since the discovery of dysprosody, scientists have been attempting to declare a particular area of the brain responsible for prosodic control. It was long believed that the right hemisphere of the brain was responsible for prosodic organization, ultimately leading to a grossly oversimplified hemispheric model. This model argued that the organization of language, centered in the left hemisphere, parallels the organization of prosody in the right hemisphere. Since its release, however, very few studies have given the model any substantial support. Scientists have attributed major control of the temporal aspects of prosody, including rhythm and timing, to the left hemisphere of the brain. On

This is a document about Echoic memory
  Auditory sensory memory has been found to be stored in the primary auditory cortex contralateral to the ear of presentation. This echoic memory storage involves several different brain areas, due to the different processes it is involved in. The majority of brain regions involved are located in the prefrontal cortex as this is where the executive control is located, and is responsible for attentional control. The phonological store and the rehearsal system appear to be a left-hemisphere based memory system as increased brain activity has been observed in these areas. The major regions involved are the left posterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the left premotor cortex, and the left posterior parietal cortex. Within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, Broca's area is the main location responsible for verbal rehearsal and the articulatory process. The dorsal premotor cortex is used in rhythmic organization and rehearsal, and finally the posterior parietal cortex shows a role in localizing objects in space. The cortical areas in the brain believed to be involved with auditory sensory memory exhibited by mismatch negativity response have not been localized specifically. However results have shown comparative activation in the superior temporal gyrus and in the inferior temporal gyrus.

This is a document about Cocktail party effect
  Auditory attention in regards to the cocktail party effect primarily occurs in the left hemisphere of the superior temporal gyrus, a non-primary region of auditory cortex; a fronto-parietal network involving the inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal sulcus, and intraparietal sulcus also accounts for the acts of attention-shifting, speech processing, and attention control. Both the target stream (the more important information being attended to) and competing/interfering streams are processed in the same pathway within the left hemisphere, but fMRI scans show that target streams are treated with more attention than competing streams. Furthermore, we see that activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) toward the target

The part of the brain that controls speech is Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere.


Question: when did the us become a representative democracy

Answer: 1787

This is a document about Representative democracy
 first, in 1258, stripped the King of unlimited authority and the second, in 1265, included ordinary citizens from the towns. Later, in the 17th century, the Parliament of England pioneered some of the ideas and systems of liberal democracy culminating in the Glorious Revolution and passage of the Bill of Rights 1689. The American Revolution led to the creation of a new Constitution of the United States in 1787, with a national legislature based partly on direct elections of representatives every two years, and thus responsible to the electorate for continuance in office. Senators were not directly elected by the

This is a document about Citizenship of the United States
   Citizenship began in colonial times as an active relation between men working cooperatively to solve municipal problems and participating actively in democratic decision-making, such as in New England town hall meetings. Men met regularly to discuss local affairs and make decisions. These town meetings were described as the "earliest form of American democracy" which was vital since citizen participation in public affairs helped keep democracy "sturdy", according to Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835. A variety of forces changed this relation during the nation's history. Citizenship became less defined by participation in politics and more defined as a legal relation with accompanying rights and privileges. While the realm of civic participation in the public sphere has shrunk,  the citizenship franchise has been expanded

This is a document about Democracy in America
  Democracy in America was published in two volumes, the first in 1835 and the other in 1840. It was immediately popular in both Europe and the United States, while also having a profound impact on the French population. By the twentieth century, it had become a classic work of political science, social science, and history. It is a commonly assigned reading for undergraduates of American universities majoring in the political or social sciences, and part of the introductory political theory syllabus at Cambridge, Oxford, Princeton and other institutions. In the introduction to his translation of the book, Harvard Professor Harvey C. Mansfield calls it "at

This is a document about Democratization
  in 1688 established a strong Parliament that passed the Bill of Rights 1689, which codified certain rights and liberties for individuals. It set out the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, rules for freedom of speech in Parliament and limited the power of the monarch, ensuring that, unlike much of the rest of Europe, royal absolutism would not prevail. Only with the Representation of the People Act 1884 did a majority of the males get the vote. The American Revolution (1775–1783) created the United States. The new Constitution established a relatively strong federal national government that included an executive, a national judiciary, and a bicameral Congress

This is a document about History of direct democracy in the United States
  The history of direct democracy amongst non-Native Americans in the United States dates from the 1630s in the New England Colonies. Many New England towns still carry on that tradition in the form of open town meetings.

This is a document about Representative democracy
  Constitution of the United States in 1787, with a national legislature based partly on direct elections of representatives every two years, and thus responsible to the electorate for continuance in office. Senators were not directly elected by the people until the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. Women, men who owned no property, and blacks, and others not originally given voting rights in most states eventually gained the vote through changes in state and federal law in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Until it was repealed by the Fourteenth Amendment following the Civil War, the Three-Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the

This is a document about Jacksonian democracy
  Jacksonian democracy was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions. Originating with the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson and his supporters, it became the nation's dominant political worldview for a generation. The term itself was in active use by the 1830s. This era, called the Jacksonian Era (or Second Party System) by historians and political scientists, lasted roughly from Jackson's 1828 election as president until slavery became the dominant issue with the passage of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854 and the political repercussions of the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics. It emerged when the

This is a document about History of the United States (1789–1849)
  Starting in the 1820s, American politics became more democratic as many state and local offices went from being appointed to elective, and the old requirements for voters to own property were abolished. Voice voting in states gave way to ballots printed by the parties, and by the 1830s, presidential electors were chosen directly by the voters in all states except South Carolina. Jacksonian Democracy drew its support from the small farmers of the West, and the workers, artisans and small merchants of the East. They favored geographical expansion to create more farms for people like them, and distrusted the upper classes who

This is a document about Representative democracy
  in free states. In 1789, Revolutionary France adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and, although short-lived, the National Convention was elected by all males in 1792. Universal male suffrage was re-established in France in the wake of the French Revolution of 1848. Representative democracy came into particular general favour in post-industrial revolution nation states where large numbers of citizens evinced interest in politics, but where technology and population figures remained unsuited to direct democracy. Many historians credit the Reform Act 1832 with launching modern representative democracy in the United Kingdom. Globally, a majority of the world's people live in representative democracies including constitutional monarchies and republics with strong representative branches.

This is a document about History of the United States Congress
   The history of the United States Congress refers to the chronological record of the United States Congress including legislative sessions from 1789 to the present day. It also includes a brief history of the Continental Congress from 1774 through 1781 and the Congress of the Confederation from 1781 to 1789. The United States Congress first organized in 1789, is an elected bicameral democratic legislative body established by Article I of the United States Constitution, ratified in 1788. It consists of an upper chamber, the senate with 2 members per state, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with a variable number of members per state based on population. The bicameral structure of the Congress was modeled on the bicameral legislatures of the Thirteen Colonies, which in turn were modeled on the bicameral structure of the English Parliament. The politics

This is a document about Tariff in United States history
   After the United States achieved independence in 1783, under the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. federal government, could not collect taxes directly but had to "request" money from each state—an almost fatal flaw for a federal government. Lack of ability to tax directly was one of several major flaws in the Articles of Confederation. The ability to tax directly was addressed in the drafting of the United States Constitution in May to September 1787 Constitutional Convention (United States) in Philadelphia. It came into effect in 1789. It specified that the United States House of Representatives has to originate all tax and

This is a document about Monitory democracy
  Representative democracy is a system of democratic government where elected officials represent the citizen body in policy-making. Thomas Hobbes developed the doctrine of representation describing it as a system government with the authorisation of the people to act in their behalf. The notion of political representation emerged when the Athenian system of direct democracy began to limit the size of the citizenry. When the citizenry became too large for people to physically meet and vote on issues, individuals began to select representatives to act on their behalf. The first recognised representative assembly was the 17th century British Parliament. The creation of print culture and mass broadcasting media within representative democracy enabled self

This is a document about Republicanism in the United States
  civic duties; and vilifies corruption. American republicanism was articulated and first practised by the Founding Fathers in the 18th century. For them, "republicanism represented more than a particular form of government. It was a way of life, a core ideology, an uncompromising commitment to liberty, and a total rejection of aristocracy." Republicanism was based on Ancient Greco-Roman, Renaissance, and English models and ideas. It formed the basis for the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Constitution (1787), and the Bill of Rights, as well as the Gettysburg Address (1863). Republicanism includes guarantees of rights that cannot be repealed by a majority vote. Alexis de Tocqueville warned about the "tyranny of the majority"

This is a document about New York (state)
  the right to representative government. At the same time, given strong commercial, personal and sentimental links to Britain, many New York residents were Loyalists. The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the cannon and gunpowder necessary to force a British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775. New York was the only colony not to vote for independence, as the delegates were not authorized to do so. New York then endorsed the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776. The New York State Constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at White Plains on July 10, 1776, and

This is a document about Republic
  A distinct set of definitions of the term "republic" evolved in the United States, where the term is often equated with "representative democracy." This narrower understanding of the term was originally developed by James Madison and notably employed in Federalist Paper No. 10. This meaning was widely adopted early in the history of the United States, including in Noah Webster's dictionary of 1828. It was a novel meaning to the term; representative democracy was not an idea mentioned by Machiavelli and did not exist in the classical republics. There is also evidence that contemporaries of Madison considered the meaning of "republic" to reflect the broader definition found elsewhere, as is the case

This is a document about Democratic republic
  In the US, the notion that a republic was a form of democracy was common from the time of its founding, and the concepts associated with representative democracy (and hence with a democratic republic) are suggested by John Adams (writing in 1784):"No determinations are carried, it is true, in a simple representative democracy, but by consent of the majority or their representatives."Historically, some inconsistency around the term is frequent. The Republic of China (Taiwan) claims to be the oldest of Asia's democratic republics, though its recent history of democratic process is largely linked only to Taiwan. Likewise, Africa's oldest democratic republic, Liberia (formed in 1822), has had its political stability rocked by periodic violence and coups.

This is a document about Unfair election
  Glorious Revolution 1688, and then elections became progressively more democratic. As property qualifications were slowly phased out from 1832 to in 1918, women's suffrage became non-discriminatory in 1928, and the last vestiges of double voting were abolished in 1948. In the United States, elections for the Federal government were administered in each of the states. Around half of all successful constitutional amendments since the Revolution of 1776 concerned elections and the franchise. Slavery was abolished in 1865, universal suffrage for men in the United States House of Representatives was achieved over 1868 and 1870, direct elections to the Senate secured in 1913, women won the vote in 1920, and poll taxes levied by the states

This is a document about Constitution of the United States
  The United States Constitution has faced various criticisms since its inception in 1787. The Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote, allowing each state to determine who was eligible. In the early history of the U.S., most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote. Until the Reconstruction Amendments were adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War, the Constitution did not abolish slavery, nor give citizenship and voting rights to former slaves. These amendments did not include a specific prohibition on discrimination in voting on the basis of sex; it took another amendment—the Nineteenth,

This is a document about History of democracy
  Happiness." ; United States Constitution ratified in 1788, created bicameral legislature with members of the House of Representatives elected "by the People of the several states," and members of the Senate elected by the state legislatures. The Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote, leaving that to the constituent states, which mostly enfranchised only adult white males who owned land. ; 1791: the United States Bill of Rights ratified. ; 1790s: First Party System in U.S. involves invention of locally rooted political parties in the United States; networks of party newspapers; new canvassing techniques; use of caucus to select candidates; fixed party names; party loyalty; party platform

This is a document about United States congressional apportionment
  Since 1789, when the federal government began operating under the Constitution, the number of citizens per congressional district has risen from an average of 33,000 in 1790 to over 700,000. Prior to the 20th century, the number of representatives increased every decade as more states joined the union, and the population increased. The ideal number of members has been a contentious issue since the country's founding. George Washington agreed that the original representation proposed during the Constitutional Convention (one representative for every 40,000) was inadequate and supported an alteration to reduce that number to 30,000. This was the only time that Washington pronounced an opinion on any of the actual issues debated during the entire convention. Five years later,

The United States became a representative democracy with the creation of a national government in 1787, as outlined in the Constitution. However, the concept of representative democracy had its roots in England with the Glorious Revolution in 1688 and the establishment of regular parliaments and the rule of law. The American Revolution further solidified this form of government in the United States.


Question: the predominant texture in the classical era was

Answer: homophonic

This is a document about Classical period (music)
 to place more importance on the particular soloist's ability to show off virtuoso skills, with challenging, fast scale and arpeggio runs. Nonetheless, some "concerti grossi" remained, the most famous of which being Mozart's Sinfonia Concertante for Violin and Viola in E flat Major. In the classical period, the theme is made up of phrases with contrasting melodic figures and rhythms. These phrases are relatively brief, typically four bars in length, and can occasionally seem sparse or terse. The texture is mainly homophonic, with a clear melody above a subordinate chordal accompaniment, for instance an Alberti bass. This contrasts with the

This is a document about Classical period (music)
 for their symphony, labeled "bassi"; this bass part was played by cellists and double bassists. During the Classical era, some composers began to give the double basses their own part. Classical period (music) The Classical period was an era of "classical music" between roughly 1730 and 1820. The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic, using a clear melody line over a subordinate chordal accompaniment, but counterpoint was by no means forgotten, especially later in the period. It also

This is a document about Classical period (music)
 Classical period (music) The Classical period was an era of "classical music" between roughly 1730 and 1820. The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music and is less complex. It is mainly homophonic, using a clear melody line over a subordinate chordal accompaniment, but counterpoint was by no means forgotten, especially later in the period. It also makes use of "style galant" which emphasized light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified seriousness and impressive grandeur. Variety and contrast within a piece became more pronounced than before

This is a document about History of music
 the fugue, the invention, the sonata, and the concerto. The late Baroque style was polyphonically complex and richly ornamented. Important composers from the Baroque era include Johann Sebastian Bach, Arcangelo Corelli, François Couperin, Girolamo Frescobaldi, George Frideric Handel, Jean-Baptiste Lully, Claudio Monteverdi, Georg Philipp Telemann and Antonio Vivaldi. The music of the Classical period is characterized by homophonic texture, or an obvious melody with accompaniment. These new melodies tended to be almost voice-like and singable, allowing composers to actually replace singers as the focus of the music. Instrumental music therefore quickly replaced opera and other sung forms (such as oratorio)

This is a document about Texture (music)
 (HRS) . In musical terms, particularly in the fields of music history and music analysis, some common terms for different types of texture are: Many classical pieces feature different kinds of texture within a short space of time. An example is the Scherzo from Schubert’s piano sonata in B major, D575. The first four bars are monophonic, with both hands performing the same melody an octave apart: Bars 5–10 are homophonic, with all voices coinciding rhythmically: Bars 11–20 are polyphonic. There are three parts, the top two moving in parallel (interval of a tenth). The lowest part imitates the rhythm

This is a document about Homophony
 harmonized melody. Homophony first appeared as one of the predominant textures in Western classical music during the Baroque period in the early 17th century, when composers began to commonly compose with vertical harmony in mind, the homophonic basso continuo becoming a definitive feature of the style. The choral arrangement of four voices (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass) has since become common in Western classical music. Homophony began by appearing in sacred music, replacing polyphony and monophony as the dominant form, but spread to secular music, for which it is one of the standard forms today. In 20th century classical music

This is a document about Classical period (music)
   The Classical period was an era of classical music between roughly 1730 and 1820. The Classical period falls between the Baroque and the Romantic periods. Classical music has a lighter, clearer texture than Baroque music, but a more sophisticated use of form. It is mainly homophonic, using a clear melody line over a subordinate chordal accompaniment, but counterpoint was by no means forgotten, especially in liturgical vocal music and, later in the period, secular instrumental music. It also makes use of style galant which emphasized light elegance in place of the Baroque's dignified seriousness and impressive grandeur. Variety and contrast within a piece became more pronounced than before

This is a document about Classicism
   Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthetic attitude dependent on principles based in the culture, art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, with the emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, clarity of structure, perfection, restrained emotion, as well as explicit appeal to the intellect. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint and compression we are simply objecting to the classicism of classic art. A violent emphasis or a sudden

This is a document about History of music
  The music of the Classical period is characterized by homophonic texture, or an obvious melody with accompaniment. These new melodies tended to be almost voice-like and singable, allowing composers to actually replace singers as the focus of the music. Instrumental music therefore quickly replaced opera and other sung forms (such as oratorio) as the favorite of the musical audience and the epitome of great composition. However, opera did not disappear: during the classical period, several composers began producing operas for the general public in their native languages (previous operas were generally in Italian). Along with the gradual displacement of the voice in favor of stronger, clearer melodies, counterpoint also typically became a decorative

This is a document about Music
  The music of the Classical period (1730 to 1820) aimed to imitate what were seen as the key elements of the art and philosophy of Ancient Greece and Rome: the ideals of balance, proportion and disciplined expression. (Note: the music from the Classical period should not be confused with Classical music in general, a term which refers to Western art music from the 5th century to the 2000s, which includes the Classical period as one of a number of periods). Music from the Classical period has a lighter, clearer and considerably simpler texture than the Baroque music which preceded it. The main style was homophony, where a prominent melody and a subordinate chordal accompaniment part are clearly distinct. Classical instrumental melodies tended to

This is a document about Classical antiquity
   Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which both Greek and Roman societies flourished and wielded huge influence throughout much of Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia. Conventionally, it is taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Epic Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th-century BC), and continues through the emergence of Christianity (1st-century AD) and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th-century AD). It ends with the decline of classical culture during Late antiquity (250–750), a period overlapping with the Early Middle Ages (600–1000). Such a wide span of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods. Classical antiquity may also refer to

This is a document about Classical period (music)
  In the classical period, the theme consists of phrases with contrasting melodic figures and rhythms. These phrases are relatively brief, typically four bars in length, and can occasionally seem sparse or terse. The texture is mainly homophonic, with a clear melody above a subordinate chordal accompaniment, for instance an Alberti bass. This contrasts with the practice in Baroque music, where a piece or movement would typically have only one musical subject, which would then be worked out in a number of voices according to the principles of counterpoint, while maintaining a consistent rhythm or metre throughout. As a result, Classical music tends to have a lighter, clearer texture than the Baroque. The classical style draws on

This is a document about Classicism
  Classicism is a specific genre of philosophy, expressing itself in literature, architecture, art, and music, which has Ancient Greek and Roman sources and an emphasis on society. It was particularly expressed in the Neoclassicism of the Age of Enlightenment. Classicism is a recurrent tendency in the Late Antique period, and had a major revival in Carolingian and Ottonian art. There was another, more durable revival in the Italian renaissance when the fall of Byzantium and rising trade with the Islamic cultures brought a flood of knowledge about, and from, the antiquity of Europe. Until that time, the identification with antiquity had been seen as a continuous history of Christendom from

This is a document about Texture (crystalline)
  In materials science, texture is the distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample (it is also part of the geological fabric). A sample in which these orientations are fully random is said to have no distinct texture. If the crystallographic orientations are not random, but have some preferred orientation, then the sample has a weak, moderate or strong texture. The degree is dependent on the percentage of crystals having the preferred orientation. Texture is seen in almost all engineered materials, and can have a great influence on materials properties. Also, geologic rocks show texture due to their thermo-mechanic history of formation processes. One extreme case is a complete lack of texture: a solid with perfectly random crystallite orientation will have isotropic properties at length scales sufficiently larger than the size of the crystallites. The opposite extreme is a perfect single crystal, which likely has anisotropic properties by geometric necessity.

This is a document about Ancient Greek sculpture
  By the classical period, roughly the 5th and 4th centuries, monumental sculpture was composed almost entirely of marble or bronze; with cast bronze becoming the favoured medium for major works by the early 5th century; many pieces of sculpture known only in marble copies made for the Roman market were originally made in bronze. Smaller works were in a great variety of materials, many of them precious, with a very large production of terracotta figurines. The territories of ancient Greece, except for Sicily and southern Italy, contained abundant supplies of fine marble, with Pentelic and Parian marble the most highly prized. The ores for bronze were also relatively

This is a document about Red-figure pottery
  During the Late Classical period, in the final quarter of the 5th century, two opposed trends were created. On the one hand, a style of vase painting strongly influenced by the "Rich Style" of sculpture developed, on the other, some workshops continued the developments of the High Classical period, with an increased emphasis on the depiction of emotion, and a range of erotic scenes. The most important representative of the Rich Style is the Meidias Painter. Characteristic features include transparent garments and multiple folds of cloth. There is also an increase in the depiction of jewellery and other objects. The use of additional colours, mostly white and gold, depicting accessories in a

This is a document about Texture (music)
   In music, texture is how the tempo, melodic, and harmonic materials are combined in a musical composition, determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece. The texture is often described in regard to the density, or thickness, and range, or width, between lowest and highest pitches, in relative terms as well as more specifically distinguished according to the number of voices, or parts, and the relationship between these voices (see Common types below). For example, a thick texture contains many 'layers' of instruments. One of these layers could be a string section or another brass. The thickness also is changed by the amount and the richness of the instruments playing the piece. The thickness varies from light to thick. A piece's texture may be changed by the number and character of parts playing at once, the timbre of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the harmony, tempo, and rhythms used.. The types categorized by number and relationship of parts are analyzed and determined through the labeling of primary textural elements: primary melody (PM), secondary melody (SM), parallel supporting melody (PSM), static support (SS), harmonic support (HS), rhythmic support (RS), and harmonic and rhythmic support (HRS).

This is a document about Classical period (music)
  In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, generally known as Classicism. This style sought to emulate the ideals of Classical antiquity, especially those of Classical Greece. Classical music used formality and emphasis on order and hierarchy, and a "clearer", "cleaner" style that used clearer divisions between parts (notably a clear, single melody accompanied by chords), brighter contrasts and "tone colors" (achieved by the use of dynamic changes and modulations to more keys). In contrast with the richly layered music of the Baroque era, Classical music moved towards simplicity rather than complexity. In addition, the

This is a document about Classical sculpture
   Classical sculpture (usually with a lower case "c") refers generally to sculpture from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, as well as the Hellenized and Romanized civilizations under their rule or influence, from about 500 BC to around 200 AD. It may also refer more precisely a period within Ancient Greek sculpture from around 500 BC to the onset of the Hellenistic style around 323 BC, in this case usually given a capital "C". The term "classical" is also widely used for a stylistic tendency in later sculpture, not restricted to works in a Neoclassical or classical style. The main subject of Ancient Greek sculpture from its earliest days was the human

This is a document about Outline of classical architecture
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to classical architecture: Classical architecture – architecture of classical antiquity, that is, ancient Greek architecture and the architecture of ancient Rome. It also refers to the style or styles of architecture influenced by those. For example, most of the styles originating in post-Renaissance Europe can be described as classical architecture. This broad use of the term is employed by Sir John Summerson in The Classical Language of Architecture.

The predominant texture in the Classical era was homophonic, meaning that the melody was clearly distinguishable from the accompanying harmony.


Question: who played the well walker in the walking dead

Answer: Brian Hilliard

This is a document about Cherokee Rose (The Walking Dead)
 silicone and a layer of foam in the costume's center. A mask that was previously utilized in the action horror film "Grindhouse" (2007) was used as part of the costume. Nicotero inserted water balloons between the silicone and foam layering. He explained that as the performer begins to move, the liquid transfers from one side of the costume to another. Nicotero added: "If we made it out of foam latex, it would've been stiff. But we used silicone that was heavily plasticized—which means that the silicone was really soft." The suit weighed approximately sixty pounds. Brian Hilliard, a member of

This is a document about First Time Again
  walkers out in a parade, turning them west and up a valley. Black and white flashbacks show select events following the town council meeting where Reg and Pete were killed. Glenn Rhee (Steven Yeun) brings Nicholas (Michael Traynor) in for medical treatment, concealing his actions. Tara (Alanna Masterson) awakens. Deanna Monroe (Tovah Feldshuh) blames Gabriel Stokes (Seth Gilliam) for turning her against Rick's group. In the morning, Heath (Corey Hawkins) returns from a two-week supply run with his team of Scott (Kenric Green) and Annie (Beth Keener). Morgan Jones (Lennie James) tells Rick about the "Wolves", when they encounter Tobin

This is a document about Cherokee Rose (The Walking Dead)
  has assumed this role without much choice in the matter, but he has done so with a certain quiet, occasionally petrified, baseball-cap-wearing dignity that makes him admirable." The water well sequence was critically acclaimed by critics. Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly described the scene as "hilarious", and added, "I loved the horrific pointlessness of that entire plot, and it was yet more proof that makeup designer Greg Nicotero is the real star of [The Walking Dead]. I'm not sure anything else TV can come up with this season will match the image of the bloated half-zombie crawling across the ground with its water-logged intestine hanging

This is a document about The Well (The Walking Dead)
  "The Well" is the second episode of the seventh season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on October 30, 2016. The episode was written by Matthew Negrete and directed by Greg Nicotero. The episode focuses on Carol (Melissa McBride) and Morgan (Lennie James) finding refuge and being introduced to a new well-established community called the Kingdom. It marks the first appearances of King Ezekiel (Khary Payton), his pet Bengal tiger named Shiva, and his right-hand man Jerry (Cooper Andrews).

This is a document about Closure (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)
  In November 2015, Marvel revealed that main cast members Clark Gregg, Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Nick Blood, Adrianne Palicki, Henry Simmons, and Luke Mitchell would star as Phil Coulson, Melinda May, Grant Ward, Daisy Johnson, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, Lance Hunter, Bobbi Morse, Alphonso "Mack" MacKenzie, and Lincoln Campbell, respectively. It was also revealed that the guest cast for the episode would include Constance Zimmer as Rosalind Price, Juan Pablo Raba as Joey Gutierrez, Andrew Howard as Banks, Powers Boothe as Gideon Malick, Mark Dacascos as Mr. Giyera and Tyler Ritter as Thomas. Zimmer, Raba, Howard, Boothe, and Dacascos reprise their roles from earlier in the series. Ritter's character, the younger brother of Grant Ward, previously appeared as a young boy through flashbacks in "The Well", portrayed by Micah Nelson.

This is a document about Seed (The Walking Dead)
  the walker bodies, giving Lori the chance to confide to Hershel (Scott Wilson) that she fears her child may be stillborn and reanimate as a walker, but Hershel calms her down and affirms her that the child is in fine health. Later, Rick, Daryl, Hershel, Glenn (Steven Yeun), Maggie (Lauren Cohan) and T-Dog (IronE Singleton) go on a scouting mission to other parts of the prison and move deeper into the interior, many in total darkness. All seems quiet at first, but suddenly they run into several groups of walkers. In the darkness and confusion, Glenn and Maggie get separated from the group. When it's finally safe to

This is a document about Rikiya Koyama
  ; Walk the Line: Johnny Cash (Joaquin Phoenix) ; The Walking Dead: Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus) ; The Warlords: General Pang Qingyun (Jet Li) ; The Watcher: Joel Campbell (James Spader) ; Wedding Crashers: Jeremy Grey (Vince Vaughn) ; The Wedding Planner: Steve Edison (Matthew McConaughey) ; The West Wing: Lt. Cmdr. Jack Reese (Christian Slater) ; Wheels on Meals: Thug #1 (Benny Urquidez) ; Wild Things: Sam Lombardo (Matt Dillon) ; Without a Trace: Danny Taylor (Enrique Murciano) ; Wrong Turn: Chris Flynn (Desmond Harrington) ; Your Highness: Prince Thadeous (Danny McBride) ; Zombieland: Double Tap: Tallahassee (Woody Harrelson)

This is a document about Walk with Me (The Walking Dead)
  "Walk with Me" is the third episode of the third season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead, which aired on AMC in the United States on October 28, 2012. The episode primarily focuses on Andrea (Laurie Holden); having been separated from the rest of the group at the end of the previous season, she and fellow katana-wielding survivor, Michonne (Danai Gurira) find themselves in the company of Merle Dixon (Michael Rooker) as they are captured and brought to The Governor (David Morrissey) in a small town called Woodbury. Merle Dixon (Michael Rooker), who was previously seen physically in season 1 and as an hallucination in season 2, returns in this episode as a series regular.

This is a document about The Walking Dead (season 6)
 Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter, a survivor rescued by Abraham and posed as a scientist, who could cure the walker virus. ; Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa, a pragmatic optimist, who is protective of those around her and girlfriend of Abraham. ; Alanna Masterson as Tara Chambler, a former ally of The Governor and the only surviving member of her family. ; Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes, a priest, who lived alone in his church at the beginning of the outbreak and now seeks to redeem himself for his actions in the previous season. ; Alexandra Breckenridge as Jessie Anderson, an Alexandria resident, who spent years living with an abusive husband, Pete. ; Ross Marquand as Aaron, an Alexandrian recruiter, who brought Rick's group to Alexandria. ; Austin Nichols as Spencer Monroe, Deanna's only living son and a guard of Alexandria. ; Tovah Feldshuh as Deanna Monroe, a former Congresswoman and the leader of Alexandria, who recently lost her husband and her son, and turns to Rick to help guide the community.

This is a document about How It's Gotta Be
  In the wake of Daryl (Norman Reedus) and Tara's (Alanna Masterson) attack on the Sanctuary that unintentionally allowed the Saviors to escape, Savior lookouts open fire on Rick (Andrew Lincoln), Jadis (Pollyanna McIntosh) and the Scavengers; Rick is abandoned. Suddenly, Rick is rescued by Carol (Melissa McBride) and Jerry (Cooper Andrews); the three decide to split up to warn the allied communities. With the Sanctuary now back under their full control, Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) and the Saviors launch a counterattack against the Militia. Inside the Sanctuary, Eugene (Josh McDermitt) helps the ill Gabriel (Seth Gilliam) and Dr. Harlan Carson (R. Keith Harris) escape to the Hilltop Colony, though Eugene fears Gabriel

This is a document about Kalani Queypo
  sort of found me[.]" After graduating high school, he began searching for acting programs until he decided to move to New York to expand his career. He found his way into starring in numerous television projects such as Into the West, Mad Men and Saints & Strangers as Squanto. He also appeared in the Terrence Malick epic The New World. He appeared as Klah Jackson on Fear the Walking Dead and has a major role as Chacrow in Jamestown. At the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021, he received a nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for Trickster.

This is a document about Judge, Jury, Executioner
  The walker suddenly frees one of its legs and lurches forward; Carl panics and drops the gun before running back to camp, not telling anyone what happened. Meanwhile, Beth (Emily Kinney) has since recovered from her earlier suicide attempt. When Glenn (Steven Yeun) comes to check on her condition, Hershel (Scott Wilson) gives him a family heirloom representing his approval of Glenn's relationship with his daughter Maggie (Lauren Cohan). At sunset, the group discusses Randall's fate, and Dale's arguments have failed to sway the group, and he storms out. Rick, Shane, and Daryl return to the barn and Rick prepares to shoot Randall when Carl runs in and

This is a document about The Walking Dead (TV series)
  Williams: Tyreese's fiery younger sister and a former firefighter, Sasha is the group's sharpshooter. After several personal losses, she suffers from PTSD. (seasons 4–7; special guest star season 9; recurring season 3) ; Lawrence Gilliard Jr. as Bob Stookey: A former army medic and recovering alcoholic who develops a close relationship with Sasha. (seasons 4–5) ; Michael Cudlitz as Abraham Ford: A former military sergeant on a mission to bring Eugene to Washington, D.C. to find a cure for the walker virus. (seasons 5–7; recurring season 4) ; Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter: A man who claims to know a cure for the

This is a document about Guts (The Walking Dead)
  Darabont in the science-fiction horror film The Mist (2007). Andrew Rothenberg played Jim. Sam Witwer, who had collaborated with Darabont in The Mist, appeared as a dying soldier. Frances Cobb played a camp survivor. Chance Bartels played the walker shot by Merle. Kirkman stated that he was thrilled upon hearing of the actor's appearance, and added that he had known of Rooker since the comedy film Mallrats (1995). He was pleased with Rooker's performance, quipping that it was "'The Michael Rooker Show' for one solid episode." I actually got a chance to hang out with him and he's a totally awesome guy. He always plays bad guys and psychos and it's weird, because

This is a document about John Walker (American football)
  As a child, Walker was an actor and had roles in 7th Heaven and ER.

This is a document about Mob City
  Jon Bernthal was the first to be officially cast; after one month of negotiations he was officially cast as the lead. Following after him were Milo Ventimiglia, Jeremy Strong, Neal McDonough, and in a guest role Simon Pegg. Alexa Davalos was cast as the female lead after which two more cast members were announced, Jeffrey DeMunn and Andrew Rothenberg. Both of the latter previously worked with Bernthal and Darabont in The Walking Dead. Following the six episode order Pihla Viitala (who was later replaced by Mekia Cox) and Gregory Itzin were confirmed to star. Thomas Jane, who starred in Darabont's film The Mist, was

This is a document about Negan
  The Saviors become the main antagonists during the second half of season 6 and with their mysterious leader known as Negan being mentioned several times prior to his appearance in the season finale. His name is first heard in "No Way Out" when a group of bikers, led by a man named Bud, accost Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus), Abraham Ford (Michael Cudlitz), and Sasha Williams (Sonequa Martin-Green), and attempt to steal their weapons, but Daryl kills them with a rocket launcher. In the season finale, "Last Day on Earth", while driving the ailing Maggie Greene (Lauren Cohan) to the Hilltop, Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln) and his group

This is a document about Seth Gilliam
  nominations despite its critical success. He has also had a number of guest roles in other shows such as CSI: Miami, Nurse Jackie, Skins, Person of Interest, and The Good Wife. He played Clayton Hughes on Oz. In May 2014, Gilliam was cast as Father Gabriel Stokes in the fifth season of AMC's The Walking Dead. Along with Chad Coleman and Lawrence Gilliard Jr., he is the third The Wire alum to join the series. Gilliam has also acted on stage, playing Prince Edward in a 1993 production of Richard III. He played the title role in Othello, first in

This is a document about Peter Weller
  in art history at UCLA, focusing on the Italian Renaissance. In 2005, Weller co-starred as the Captain in a made-for-television remake of The Poseidon Adventure.  In 2006, Weller joined the cast of 24 as terrorist collaborator Christopher Henderson. Weller received a "cheer" in TV Guide's "Cheers & Jeers" section for his performance. On January 15, 2010, Weller was seen in a teaser trailer for the companion documentary God of War: Unearthing the Legend that was featured in the game God of War III which Weller also hosted. On April 15, 2010, Weller guest-starred in an episode of the science fiction drama Fringe. He also guest-starred on the Showtime original series Dexter, and

This is a document about Thank You (The Walking Dead)
  if they cannot, leave some behind to ensure that they keep moving; this is overheard by Heath (Corey Hawkins). While Rick has stopped the group to give these instructions, however, one Alexandrian is caught by a walker and killed. Daryl ignores Rick's plan and leaves Abraham Ford (Michael Cudlitz) and Sasha Williams (Sonequa Martin-Green) to lead the herd by themselves. Michonne and Glenn's group suffer attrition as Annie (Beth Keener) twists her ankle, and in a fight with walkers, David (Jay Huguley) is bitten in the shoulder, whilst Sturgess (Jonathan Kleitman) panics and shoots Scott (Kenric Green) in the leg before running off. Though slowed by two wounded

The text does not provide information on who played the role of the well walker in "The Walking Dead." It focuses on the background of the costume used for the character, the plot of the second episode of the seventh season, and the cast of the show.


Question: how many stars does an american flag have

Answer: 50

This is a document about Flag of the United States
 Flag of the United States The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag, is the national flag of the United States. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the

This is a document about Sang Saka Malaya
 Sang Saka Malaya The Sang Saka Malaya is the flag of the "Kesatuan Melayu Muda". It is also known as Sang Saka Merah Putih. The flag features twelve stars arranged in three rows of four columns. It was introduced in 1947 by the combination of two political parties, PUTERA and AMCJA, as a proposal to the flag of an independent Federation of Malaya. The twelve stars represent the 12 states of the Malay Peninsula. It follows the concept of the American flag with 50 stars representing the 50 states that make up the United States. The Sang Saka Malaya flag

This is a document about Politics in Futurama
 the countries actually have in the Earthican government, though it appears that remnants of many U.S. states, for example, have survived into the 31st century, including "New New York", "New New Jersey", "Nukevada", "Penn Republic" and "Sylvania". "Old Freebie", the name of Earth's flag, contains the thirteen stripes of the Flag of the United States and the Grand Union Flag but instead of the 50 stars or the Union Flag in the canton it has a picture of the globe, with North and South America prominently centered. In the episode "A Taste of Freedom", Doctor Zoidberg eats the flag, causing

This is a document about Flags whose reverse differs from the obverse
 front. It does not include flags whose back is the "mirror image" of the front, as is the case with most asymmetric flags (for example, a blue rectangle with 50 stars appears at the top left corner of the US flag. However, when viewed from behind it is seen at the top right corner). Mirrored reverse flags are much less common and contain an element for which a simple mirror image would be problematic, such as text (e.g. Saudi Arabia's flag includes the shahada, an Islamic creed) or a geographic feature (e.g. the 1970's Bangladeshi flag included a yellow map

This is a document about Flag of the United States
  The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American flag or the U.S. flag, is the national flag of the United States. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union") bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows, where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S. Nicknames for the flag include the Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.

This is a document about List of flags of the United States
  With the addition of states, the U.S. flag increases the number of stars. Examples of possible designs for U.S. flags with up to five additional states are displayed here.

This is a document about Five-pointed star
  The five-pointed stars on the flag of the United States were introduced in the Flag Act of 1777. The Flag Act did not specify any particular arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars and the arrangement. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows and some replaced a state's star with its initial. One arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle (as opposed to up), the so-called Betsy Ross flag. The American flag shown in the painting Surrender of Lord

This is a document about Star (heraldry)
  Stars are nearly ubiquitous in United States heraldry and vexillology and nearly always appear unpierced with five straight-sided points. In the flag of the United States, each star represents one state. The flag adopted in 1777 is the attributed origin of the thirteen stars, representing the thirteen United States, appearing on the Great Seal since 1780. A mullet "barbed to chief" appears in the arms of the 240th Signal Battalion of the 40th Infantry Division of the California Army National Guard United States Army. Examples of stars in US heraldry and vexillology:

This is a document about List of flags of the United States
  Since 1818, a star for each new state has been added to the flag on the Fourth of July the year immediately following each state's admission. In years in which multiple states have been admitted, the corresponding number of stars were added to the flag. This change has typically been the only change made with each revision of the flag since 1777, with the exception of changes in 1795 and 1818, which increased the number of stripes to 15 and then returned it to 13, respectively. As the exact pattern of stars was not specified prior to 1912, many of the historical U.S. national flags (shown below) have had varied arrangements of the stars.

This is a document about Timeline of the flag of the United States
  stars (Arkansas) ; 1837 – Flag with 26 stars (Michigan) ; 1845 – Flag with 27 stars (Florida) ; 1846 – Flag with 28 stars (Texas) ; 1847 – Flag with 29 stars (Iowa) ; 1848 – Flag with 30 stars (Wisconsin) ; 1851 – Flag with 31 stars (California) ; 1858 – Flag with 32 stars (Minnesota) ; 1859 – Flag with 33 stars (Oregon) ; 1861 – Flag with 34 stars; (Kansas). Even after the Southern states seceded from the Union, establishing the Confederate States of America, 16th President Abraham Lincoln would not allow any star to be removed from the

This is a document about Cowpens flag
  In the video game series Fallout, the flag of the United States of America is very similar to the Cowpens flag. The difference is the center stars. While the Cowpens flag has 12 stars and one center star, the Fallout-American flag has either 12 or 13 stars (depending on the game) encircling one larger star (representing the federal government and nation as a whole). The games take place in an alternate timeline that diverges from reality after World War II. The flag change represents a restructuring of the U.S. from the fifty states of real-life to thirteen commonwealths comprising at least two former states each as well as Canada following its annexation. It is unknown, however, if the Cowpens flag is the inspiration for the Fallout-American flag, but the two flags are indeed similar.

This is a document about Sheila Jackson Lee
  On July 9, 2015, Jackson Lee and others who were engaged in a debate over the Confederate battle flag produced an erroneous reproduction of the original flag. The original battle flag contained 13 stars representing each state of the Confederacy as of 1861. The flag that Jackson Lee presented to members of Congress contained 17 stars.

This is a document about Flag of Easton, Pennsylvania
  The flag is designed differently from more common flags of the United States in that it has 13 (8-pointed) stars in a blue field, with 13 stripes in the canton.

This is a document about Flag of the United States
  arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars and the arrangement or whether the flag had to have seven red stripes and six white ones or vice versa. The appearance was up to the maker of the flag. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows and some replaced a state's star with its initial. One arrangement features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle (as opposed to up), the Betsy Ross flag. Experts have dated the earliest known example of

This is a document about Timeline of the flag of the United States
  and white colors of 1777. It remains at 13 stripes hereafter to the present with only stars added for additional states admitted to the Union, on next following Independence Day, July 4. (Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1803), Louisiana (1812), Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817) added from previous years). (An unofficial 16-star, 16-stripe flag had been made in Tennessee, and an unofficial 17-star, 13-stripe flag in Ohio.) ; 1819 – Flag with 21 stars (Illinois) ; 1820 – Flag with 23 stars (Alabama, Maine) first flag on Pikes Peak, (located in future Colorado) ; 1822 – Flag with 24 stars (Missouri) ; 1836 – Flag with

This is a document about 13 (number)
 The United States of America was created from thirteen British colonies and as such, the number thirteen is a commonly recurring motif in American heraldry. For example, there are thirteen stars on the Great Seal of the United States and there are thirteen stripes on the American flag. ; The first flag of the United States bore thirteen stripes, alternating red and white, and thirteen white stars in the blue union. The thirteen stripes represented the Thirteen Colonies from which the United States was created, and the thirteen stars represented the number of states in the new nation. When two new states were added to the Union in 1795, the flag bore fifteen stars and fifteen stripes.  With the addition of five new states in 1818, the number of stripes was re-set and permanently fixed at thirteen. ; The Great Seal of the United States bears

This is a document about Brandywine flag
  militia company's flag, not a flag of Washington's army. The Flag Resolution of 1777 defined the official flag of the United States as having 13 stripes and 13 stars, although the specific pattern of the stars was not specified. Many variations existed. The flag shown in the canton of the Brandywine Flag uses a 4-5-4 star pattern, and was probably patterned after a Hopkinson-style United States flag. The Brandywine Flag is currently displayed in Philadelphia's Independence National Historical Park, and was featured on a 33¢ postage stamp issued in 2000, as a part of the US Postal Service's Stars and Stripes series. The colors and pattern on the stamp may have been altered for aesthetic purposes.

This is a document about Star (heraldry)
  The twelve stars on the Flag of Europe (1955) symbolize unity. The green five-pointed star on the Esperanto flag (1890) symbolizes the five inhabited continents. The 50 stars of the US flag is the largest number on any national flag. The second-largest is 27, on the flag of Brazil. The current national flags featuring stars include: Not bearing heraldic stars as such, the 1915 Flag of Morocco and the 1996 flag of Ethiopia have a pentagram each, and the 1948 flag of Israel a hexagram or "star of David". The 1962 Flag of Nepal has what would technically be described as a 12-pointed mullet, but is intended to depict the Sun.

This is a document about Flag of the United States
  In the following table depicting the 28 various designs of the United States flag, the star patterns for the flags are merely the usual patterns, often associated with the United States Navy. Canton designs, prior to the proclamation of the 48-star flag, had no official arrangement of the stars. Furthermore, the exact colors of the flag were not standardized until 1934.