Question: when did the republic of ireland leave the commonwealth

Answer: 18 April 1949

This is a document about Ireland Act 1949
 the abolition of the last remaining functions of the King in relation to Ireland and provided that the President of Ireland would exercise these functions in the King's place. When the Act came into force on 18 April 1949, it effectively ended Ireland's status as a British dominion. As a consequence of this, it also had the effect of ending Ireland's membership of the British Commonwealth of Nations and the existing basis upon which Ireland and its citizens were treated in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries as "British subjects", not foreigners. The Act's long title summarises the Act's

This is a document about Commonwealth of Nations
 While British elites at first hoped the Commonwealth would preserve and project British influence, they gradually lost their enthusiasm, argues Krishnan Srinivasan. Early enthusiasm waned as British policies came under fire in Commonwealth meetings. Public opinion became troubled as immigration from non-white member states became large-scale. On 18 April 1949, Ireland formally became a republic in accordance with the Irish Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Because it did this, it was automatically excluded from the Commonwealth. While Ireland had not actively participated in the Commonwealth since the early 1930s and was content to leave the Commonwealth, other dominions wished to

This is a document about Ireland–United Kingdom relations
 a republic in 1949 was that it automatically terminated the state's membership of the British Commonwealth, in accordance with the rules in operation at the time. However, despite this, the United Kingdom legislated that Irish citizens would retain similar rights to Commonwealth subjects and were not to be regarded as foreigners. The Republic of Ireland Act came into force on 18 April 1949. Ten days later, 28 April 1949, the rules of the Commonwealth of Nations were changed through the London Declaration so that, when India declared itself a republic, it would not have to leave. The prospect of Ireland

This is a document about British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland
 British Parliament passed the British Nationality Act 1948, which created the status of citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies. Because of Ireland's impending departure from the Commonwealth (on 18 April 1949), special provision was made for the retention by certain Irish citizens of the status of British subject without being citizens of a Commonwealth member state. As a result, Irish citizens ("citizens of Eire") lost British-subject status automatically on 1 January 1949 if they did not acquire citizenship of the UK and Colonies or that of another Commonwealth country, notwithstanding that Ireland did not cease to be one of

This is a document about Foreign relations of Ireland
 State from 1922 until 1937, when Ireland adopted a new constitution and changed the name of the state to "Ireland". Although the king was removed from the Constitution in 1936, a republic was only formally declared from 18 April 1949. Under the rules at the time, a republic could not be a member state of the Commonwealth. This was changed a week later with the adoption of the London Declaration. Since 1998, some people in Ireland have advocated joining the Commonwealth of Nations, most notably Éamon Ó Cuív and Mary Kenny. Ireland is a member of or otherwise participates in

This is a document about Commonwealth of Nations
 when newly-independent India announced its intention do become a republic on 1 January 1950 although it wished to remain in the Commonwealth. This was granted. Now, the majority of the Commonwealth members, including all those from Africa, are republics or have their own native monarch. Ireland had withdrawn its participation in the Commonwealth in the 1930s, attending its last Commonwealth governmental heads' meeting in 1932. However it continued to be regarded by the Commonwealth as a Commonwealth member until it declared itself a republic, on 18 April 1949. It is the only country whose membership terminated without any declaration withdrawing

This is a document about History of British nationality law
 who did not become Indian or Pakistani citizens were never absorbed as CUKCs by the British Government. They remained British subjects without citizenship. Due to the imminent withdrawal of the Republic of Ireland from the Commonwealth (which took effect 18 April 1949), special arrangements were made in s.2 of the Act to allow British subjects from Ireland to apply to continue to hold British subject status independently of the citizenship of any Commonwealth country. Until 1983 the status of British subjects without citizenship was not affected by the acquisition of the citizenship of a non-Commonwealth country. Under the 1948 Act,

This is a document about Bangladesh–Ireland relations
 as well. Bangladesh's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom is also cross-accredited as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Ireland. Bangladesh–Ireland relations Bangladesh–Ireland relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Ireland. Both Bangladesh and Ireland were part of the British Empire, but Bangladesh is a Commonwealth republic, whereas, Ireland became a republic outside the Commonwealth of Nations on 18 April 1949 under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Bangladesh and Ireland have shown mutual interest to expand the bilateral economic activities between the two countriesand both the countries have recognized necessary measures to expand the existing trade and

This is a document about Bangladesh–Ireland relations
 Bangladesh–Ireland relations Bangladesh–Ireland relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Ireland. Both Bangladesh and Ireland were part of the British Empire, but Bangladesh is a Commonwealth republic, whereas, Ireland became a republic outside the Commonwealth of Nations on 18 April 1949 under the terms of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Bangladesh and Ireland have shown mutual interest to expand the bilateral economic activities between the two countriesand both the countries have recognized necessary measures to expand the existing trade and investment. Many Irish firms have expressed their interests to invest in Bangladesh in the promising sectors. In

This is a document about Republic of Ireland
 head of state. For instance, the President gave assent to new laws with his own authority, without reference to King George VI who was only an "organ", that was provided for by statute law. Ireland remained neutral during World War II, a period it described as the Emergency. Ireland's link with the Commonwealth was terminated with the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and declared that the state was a republic. At the time, a declaration of a republic terminated Commonwealth membership. This rule was changed 10 days after Ireland

This is a document about London Declaration
 including Winston Churchill and Clement Davies. By contrast, Jan Smuts, who had been defeated by Malan in the South African general election the previous year and was considered second only to Churchill as a Commonwealth statesman, was bitterly opposed. India became a republic in 1950 and remained in the Commonwealth. However, Ireland, which was in the same situation, having passed the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, declared itself a republic on 18 April 1949, ten days before the declaration, and therefore left the Commonwealth. London Declaration The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference

This is a document about John A. Costello
 to any citizens of the republic living in the United Kingdom. Ireland left the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, when the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 came into force. Frederick Henry Boland, Secretary of the Department of External Affairs, said caustically that the affair demonstrated that "the Taoiseach has as much notion of diplomacy as I have of astrology." The British envoy Lord Rugby was equally critical of what he called a "slipshod and amateur" move. Many nationalists now saw partition as the last obstacle on the road to total national independence. Costello tabled a motion of protest against partition

This is a document about Dominion
 August 1947. The last country officially made a Dominion was Ceylon in 1948. The term "Dominion" fell out of general use thereafter. Ireland ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, upon the coming into force of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. This formally signalled the end of the former dependencies' common constitutional connection to the British Crown. India also adopted a republican constitution in January 1950. Unlike many dependencies that became republics, Ireland never re-joined the Commonwealth, which agreed to accept the British monarch as head of that association of independent states. The independence

This is a document about Commonwealth of Nations
  On 18 April 1949, Ireland formally became a republic in accordance with the Irish Republic of Ireland Act 1948; in doing so, it also formally left the Commonwealth. While Ireland had not actively participated in the Commonwealth since the early 1930s, other dominions wished to become republics without losing Commonwealth ties. The issue came to a head in April 1949 at a Commonwealth prime ministers' meeting in London. Under the London Declaration, India agreed that, when it became a republic in January 1950, it would remain in the Commonwealth and accept the British Sovereign as a "symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of

This is a document about Ireland–United Kingdom relations
  the British Commonwealth, in accordance with the rules in operation at the time. However, despite this, the United Kingdom legislated that Irish citizens would retain similar rights to Commonwealth subjects and were not to be regarded as foreigners. The Republic of Ireland Act came into force on 18 April 1949. Ten days later, 28 April 1949, the rules of the Commonwealth of Nations were changed through the London Declaration so that, when India declared itself a republic, it would not have to leave. The prospect of Ireland rejoining the Commonwealth, even today, is still occasionally raised but has never been formally considered by the Irish government.

This is a document about Dominion
  India Office as the Commonwealth Relations Office upon the independence of India and Pakistan in August 1947. The last country officially made a Dominion was Ceylon in 1948. The term "Dominion" fell out of general use thereafter. Ireland ceased to be a member of the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949, upon the coming into force of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. This formally signalled the end of the former dependencies' common constitutional connection to the British Crown. India also adopted a republican constitution in January 1950. Unlike many dependencies that became republics, Ireland never re-joined the Commonwealth, which agreed to accept the

This is a document about Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
 🇮🇪, also known as the Republic of Ireland, is a republic and a former member of the Commonwealth; however, it does not fit neatly into a category as such. In 1922, as the Irish Free State, it became a dominion in the British Commonwealth. In 1937, the present-day Irish state, officially called Ireland, was established. Its Constitution established it as a de facto republic with little reference to a monarchy but equally no reference to a republic either (see Irish head of state from 1936 to 1949 for further discussion on this ambiguity). The Commonwealth chose at the time to continue to regard it as a member as the monarch (then King George VI) was still officially the head of state. In April 1949, following the passage of the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, it was deemed by the Commonwealth to be a republic and thus to have ceased to be part of the Commonwealth. ; , a republic since 18 April 1980, left the Commonwealth in December 2003. Emmerson Mnangagwa and his government have applied for Zimbabwe to return to its membership of the Commonwealth. Currently, the only former Commonwealth republics are:

This is a document about State visit by Elizabeth II to the Republic of Ireland
  to the partition of Ireland on 3 May 1921. Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom, while the Irish Free State became a self-governing and then fully independent Dominion within the British Empire. In 1936 the Irish Free State removed all reference to the British monarchy from its Constitution – whilst retaining an ‘external association’ with the British crown – and the Commonwealth determined to continue to treat it as a member of the Commonwealth. In 1937 the Irish Free State adopted a republican constitution and renamed itself Ireland. In 1949 Ireland ended its practice of associating itself with the countries comprising the Commonwealth and the Commonwealth decided to regard it as no longer being a Commonwealth member. While the

This is a document about Dominion
  people of the Free State held on 1 July 1937, a new constitution came into force on 29 December of that year, establishing a successor state with the name of "Ireland" which ceased to participate in Commonwealth conferences and events. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom and other member states of the Commonwealth continued to regard Ireland as a Dominion owing to the unusual role accorded to the British Monarch under the Irish External Relations Act of 1936. Ultimately, however, Ireland's Oireachtas passed the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into force on 18 April 1949 and unequivocally ended Ireland's links with the British Monarch and the Commonwealth.

The Republic of Ireland left the Commonwealth on 18 April 1949.


Question: who plays ares in the movie wonder woman

Answer: David Thewlis

This is a document about Wonder Woman (2017 film)
 Wonder Woman (2017 film) Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Entertainment in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, "Wonder Woman" stars Gal Gadot in the title role, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya. It is the second

This is a document about Ares (DC Comics)
 Ares (DC Comics) Ares (also known as Mars) is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Based on the Greek mythological figure of the same name, he is the Greek god of war and serves as the nemesis of the superhero Wonder Woman within the DC Universe. The character has appeared in various forms of media. Alfred Molina voiced him in the 2009 direct-to-video animated movie "Wonder Woman". Ares later made his live-action debut in the 2017 film "Wonder Woman" as the main villain, where he was portrayed by English actor David Thewlis. Ares first appeared

This is a document about Ares (DC Comics)
 Ares, Batman donned Ares' discarded helmet to use it against him, only to succumb to the helmet's power, to the point that he not only defeated Ares, but even killed Diana when it was revealed that she had survived the attack because he was already so far under the helmet's influence. David Thewlis portrays Ares in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). DC Direct released an Ares action figure in 2001 as part of their "Amazons and Adversaries" line of Wonder Woman action figures. Mattel released an Ares action figure in 2008 as part of their DC Universe Classics line of

This is a document about DC Extended Universe
 the film. In July, Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor. Other cast members include Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, Robin Wright as General Antiope, Danny Huston as Erich Ludendorff, Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison, and David Thewlis as Ares. Filming began in November 2015, and was shot in the United Kingdom, France and Italy. "Wonder Woman" was released in North America on June 2, 2017. Motivated by at the hands of Doomsday, Batman and Wonder Woman assemble a team of metahumans to face a new catastrophic threat. In June 2013, it was reported that Goyer would be writing "Justice

This is a document about Characters of the DC Extended Universe
  Ares (portrayed by David Thewlis ) is the Olympian God of War and the last surviving member of the Old Gods by the events of Wonder Woman. Despite originally aiding the forces of Earth against the first invasion from Apokolips as seen in both versions of Justice League, Ares turns on his fellow gods and goddesses as he comes to resent humanity, causing mankind to wage war among itself and killing his brothers and sisters until Zeus drives him off Mount Olympus and uses the last of his life force to hide the Amazons on Themyscira and create the "Godkiller". After hiding for millennia and continuing to corrupt mankind upon regaining his strength, Ares resurfaces using the guise of British politician Sir Patrick Morgan and gives off a welcoming, pacifistic demeanor as part of the British Imperial War Cabinet while secretly manipulating the

This is a document about Ares (DC Comics)
  not violence, is the only way to prevent conflict, Diana uses her powers as the last child of Zeus to fight and ultimately destroy Ares. ; Ares is featured in the 2017 film Justice League, the fifth installment of the DCEU. He appears during a flashback of the battle between Steppenwolf's forces and a unified army of the Olympian Gods, the Amazons, Atlanteans, Men (humankind) and the contemporary Green Lantern of Earth's sector. ; In the Snyder cut of the film, Ares was the one who defeated a young Darkseid during his invasion of Earth by cleaving his shoulder causing his forces to sound the retreat. Stuntman Nick McKinless physically played the role, with Thewlis's face digitally superimposed over his.

This is a document about Production of Justice League (film)
  interest Iris West (played by Kiersey Clemons), and the shapeshifting alien Martian Manhunter (played by Harry Lennix). Other side characters had additional screen time and more important roles in the "Snyder Cut", including: Superman antagonist Lex Luthor (played by Jesse Eisenberg), Cyborg's father Silas Stone (played by Joe Morton), Atlantean warrior Mera (played by Amber Heard), reporter and Superman love interest Lois Lane (played by Amy Adams), and Wonder Woman antagonist Ares (played by Nick McKinless). Warner executives who saw his cut noted that Snyder made significant efforts to lighten the tone following the criticism of Batman v Superman, but thought it did not have enough humor. After

This is a document about Ares in popular culture
  his father.  Unfortunately, in a battle against Bastet for that weapon, Ari was fatally wounded. Greg Ellis portrayed Ari and appeared in all eight episodes that aired. ; Ares was portrayed by Edgar Ramirez in the Wrath of the Titans, sequel of Clash of the Titans. ; Ares is the main antagonist and is voiced by Alfred Molina in the 2009 animated film, Wonder Woman. ; Ares is the main antagonist and is portrayed by David Thewlis in the DC Extended Universe film, Wonder Woman. ; Naga Ray/Hebitsukai Silver in Uchu Sentai Kyuranger is based on Ares. ; Ares is one of the main antagonists in the Netflix series Blood of Zeus.

This is a document about Ares in popular culture
  shows he was Hercules' constant antagonist. ; Ares was portrayed by Daniel Sharman in the 2011 film Immortals. During the events of the film, he, along with Athena (Isabel Lucas), Poseidon (Kellan Lutz), Apollo (Corey Sevier), and Heracles (Steve Byers), are warned by Zeus (Luke Evans) not to interfere in mortal affairs as gods unless the Titans are released. However, Ares ends up defying Zeus and directly intervenes to save Theseus (Henry Cavill) from Hyperion's men, after which he and Athena provide Theseus and his companions with horses in order to reach Mount Tartarus, where the Titans have been imprisoned. However, Zeus arrives and, in a fit rage, kills Ares for disobeying

This is a document about Olympian Gods (DC Comics)
  he rise again. This happens during World War I where Wonder Woman managed to slay Ares. ; Zeus, Artemis, and Ares also appear in the film Justice League with Zeus portrayed by Sergi Constance, Artemis portrayed by Aurore Lauzeral, and Ares portrayed by stuntman Nick McKinless with David Thewlis' face super-imposed over his. 5,000 years ago, they assisted the humans, the Amazons, the Atlanteans, and the Green Lantern Corps into fighting Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons. Zeus used a lightning bolt to separate the three Mother Boxes to prevent them from fusing into each other. ; In the Snyder cut of the film, the Olympian Gods are shown to be actually fighting Darkseid and his army of Parademons. Ares is the one who defeated Darkseid by cleaving his shoulder.

This is a document about Ares (DC Comics)
  humanity and feed upon the chaos to become powerful enough to conquer even the Gods of Olympus. In the climax, the epic battle between his army, mankind, and the Amazons transforms him into a powerful giant and battling Diana to the death. Diana then ropes Ares and beheads him in Washington DC and in death, Ares was later reunited with his son to serve for Hades. ; Ares first appears in the DC Extended Universe film Wonder Woman, the fourth installment of the DCEU, played by David Thewlis.  As the God of War, he is depicted as the treacherous son of Zeus and the half-brother of Diana/Wonder Woman. After Ares attempted to influence mankind towards destruction and slaughtered all of his

This is a document about Wonder Woman (2009 film)
 Keri Russell as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman ; Nathan Fillion as Steve Trevor ; Alfred Molina as Ares ; Rosario Dawson as Artemis ; Marg Helgenberger as Hera ; Oliver Platt as Hades ; Virginia Madsen as Hippolyta ; Skye Arens as Little Girl ; John DiMaggio as Deimos (credited), Homeless Man (uncredited) ; Julianne Grossman as Etta Candy ; Vicki Lewis as Persephone ; David McCallum as Zeus ; Jason Miller as Thrax (credited), Gang Leader (uncredited) ; Rick Overton as Slick (credited), the President of the United States (uncredited) ; Andrea Romano as President's Advisor ; Tara Strong as Alexa ; Bruce Timm as Attacker

This is a document about Olympian Gods (DC Comics)
 Zeus, Hera, Ares, Hades, and Deimos appear in the film Wonder Woman with Zeus voiced by David McCallum, Hera voiced by Marg Helgenberger, Ares voiced by Alfred Molina, Hades voiced by Oliver Platt, and Deimos voiced by John DiMaggio. ; Although they do not appear in Justice League: War, the Olympian Gods are briefly mentioned by Wonder Woman during a conversation with Superman about the other five heroes, referencing Batman as Hades (who is just as dark and mysterious just as Maxie Zeus did in the "Fire From Olympus" episode of Batman: The Animated Series), Green Lantern as Apollo (the God of Light), Flash as Hermes (the Messenger of Olympus and God of Speed), Cyborg as Hephaestus (the Blacksmith of Olympus and God of Metal) and Shazam as Zeus (God of

This is a document about Ares (DC Comics)
 Ares is featured in the animated feature film Wonder Woman, voiced by Alfred Molina. He differs slightly in this incarnation in that he had long platinum hair, although he wears a variation of his classic armor early in the film. In Ancient Times, Ares waged war along with Thrax against Queen Hippolyta which resulted in the death of their son by her hand. Ares the had his powers bound by mystical armbands placed by Hera and imprisoned in Themyscira. After seducing one of their own Persephone, he traveled to see Hades in the Underworld to relieve him of his bands, where he encountered Hippolyta's daughter, Diana and Steve Trevor. Once his powers are released, Ares plans to wage war on all

This is a document about Wonder Woman (2017 film)
  Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, produced by DC Films in association with RatPac Entertainment and Chinese company Tencent Pictures and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Patty Jenkins—from a screenplay by Allan Heinberg and a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder and Jason Fuchs—Wonder Woman stars Gal Gadot in the title role, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen and Elena Anaya. It is the second live action theatrical film featuring Wonder Woman following her debut in 2016's Batman v

This is a document about DC Extended Universe
   Diana of Themyscira, an Amazon warrior who also is the demigoddess daughter of the god Zeus, uses her talents and abilities in order to help humanity during World War I. Gal Gadot was cast as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman in December 2013 and signed a three-picture deal which included a solo film. In October 2014, Wonder Woman was announced by Warner Bros. In November, Michelle MacLaren was confirmed to direct the film from a screenplay by Jason Fuchs. In April 2015, MacLaren left the project due to creative differences. Later that month, Patty Jenkins was announced as the new director. In July, Chris Pine was cast as Steve Trevor. Other cast members include Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, Robin Wright as General Antiope, Danny Huston as Erich Ludendorff, Elena Anaya as Doctor Poison, and David Thewlis as Ares. Filming began in November 2015 and took place in the United Kingdom, France and Italy. Wonder Woman was released in North America on June 2, 2017.

This is a document about Wonder Woman 1984
  In September 2017, Gal Gadot was confirmed to return as the title character. On February 28, 2018, it was reported that Kristen Wiig was in talks with the studio to play Cheetah, the main villain of the film, with director Patty Jenkins confirming her casting the next month. By March 28, Pedro Pascal, who played Ed Indelicato in the pilot of the canceled 2011 Wonder Woman television adaptation, was cast in an undisclosed key role, later revealed to be Maxwell Lord. On June 13, Jenkins confirmed the return of Chris Pine as Steve Trevor via Twitter. On July 24, 2018, Natasha Rothwell was announced to be cast in an undisclosed role. A few days later, on July 27, Ravi Patel and Gabriella Wilde also joined the film, with their roles being kept under wraps as well. By late August, Connie Nielsen and Robin Wright were confirmed to reprise their roles as Hippolyta and Antiope in a flashback sequence. In November 2018, Kristoffer Polaha revealed that he has a role in the film.

This is a document about Olympian Gods (DC Comics)
  ; The Olympian Gods are featured in the films set in the DC Extended Universe. In this franchise, the Olympian Gods are referred to as the Old Gods which is different from the comics. ; The Olympian Gods are featured in the Wonder Woman film. In Queen Hippolyta's story about Ares (portrayed by David Thewlis) which she reads to Diana that depicts the Gods in the story in CGI form, Ares was condemned by the other Olympian Gods for his warmongering which led to him killing the Gods where the images show him killing Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Hades, Hestia, and Poseidon until Zeus drove him off of Mount Olympus with his thunderbolts. In his dying breath, Zeus created Themyscira for the Amazons and left them the "Godkiller" required to kill Ares

This is a document about David Thewlis
  2015, he played King Duncan in the film Macbeth. Thewlis portrayed Ares in Wonder Woman (2017), the DC Comics film featuring the character of the same name. He briefly reprised his role as Ares in Justice League (2017). That same year, he appeared as V. M. Varga, the main antagonist of the third season of Fargo. His performance was critically acclaimed, and earned him nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award, Critics' Choice Television Award and Golden Globe Award as a supporting actor. Thewlis has most recently starred in the 2020 Netflix film I'm Thinking of Ending Things, directed by Charlie Kaufman.

This is a document about Hades (DC Comics)
 Hades appeared in the Wonder Woman animated movie voiced by Oliver Platt. This Hades was again different from his comics counterpart, resembling a corpulent, overweight man in a toga and using the spirits of the dead as personal servants. Ares seeks him out in order to have Hades remove his bands to restore his god powers (previously bound to him by Zeus and Hera) and Hades does so knowing, but not telling, that it will ultimately result in Ares' death. Ares is eventually killed by Wonder Woman and he is shown becoming a slave for Hades, a shadow of his former self.

David Thewlis plays Ares in the movie "Wonder Woman."


Question: who is the vice president in west wing

Answer: John Hoynes

This is a document about Bob Russell (The West Wing)
 Bob Russell (The West Wing) Robert "Bob" Russell is a fictional character played by Gary Cole on the television serial drama "The West Wing". He is introduced as a member of Congress from Colorado, and succeeds to the vice presidency after President Bartlet nominates him following the resignation of incumbent John Hoynes. A Democratic Representative from Colorado at the time of his appointment, Russell was initially derided by some of the senior West Wing staff as mediocre, shallow, and a tool of Colorado mining interests. Russell's dismissive nickname around Washington was "Bingo Bob", and he was often referred to as

This is a document about Full Disclosure (The West Wing)
 Full Disclosure (The West Wing) "Full Disclosure" is the 103rd episode episode of "The West Wing", and fifteenth of its fifth season. It originally aired on NBC February 25, 2004. Events circle around a potentially embarrassing magazine interview with former Vice President John Hoynes. Written by Lawrence O'Donnell and directed by Lesli Linka Glatter, the episode contains a guest appearance by James Pickens Jr. "Full Disclosure" is notable for prompting a real-life letter from Senator Hillary Clinton. Doing another appearance on Taylor Reid's news show, C.J. gets blind-sided with news about resigned Vice President John Hoynes. A "New York Times"

This is a document about The West Wing
 "The West Wing"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 2002 presidential election puts Bartlet and Vice President John Hoynes against Florida Governor Robert Ritchie (James Brolin) and his running mate, Jeff Heston. Bartlet faces no known opposition for renomination, though Minnesota Democratic Senator Howard Stackhouse launches a brief independent campaign for the presidency. Ritchie, not originally expected to contend for the nomination, emerges from a field of seven other Republican candidates by appealing to the party's conservative base with simple, "homey" sound bites. Bartlet's staff contemplates replacing Vice President John Hoynes on the ticket with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Percy Fitzwallace (John

This is a document about Brokered convention
 former President Gerald Ford being the frontrunner for the slot. In the U.S. edition of "House of Cards", two episodes of the fourth season center around an open convention run by the DNC. Incumbent Frank Underwood is easily nominated for the presidency, but the vice presidential nomination is contested between Secretary of State Catherine Durant and First Lady Claire Underwood. The last two episodes of season six of the US series "The West Wing" centers on the Democratic Party's nomination process while three candidates vie for the nomination: Vice President Bob Russell, former Vice President John Hoynes, and Representative Matt

This is a document about Tim Matheson
 reverse the magazine's fortunes, however, and sold it in 1991. He also had a recurring role as Vice President John Hoynes on "The West Wing". His work on "The West Wing" earned him two Primetime Emmy award nominations. In addition to playing Sheriff Matthew Donner in the short-lived "Wolf Lake", he has directed episodes of "Third Watch", "Ed", "The Twilight Zone", "Cold Case", "Without a Trace", "The West Wing", "Psych", "The Good Guys", "Shark", "White Collar", "Criminal Minds", "Suits" and "Burn Notice" (on which he also performed in a recurring role). In 1996, Matheson took on the role of a

This is a document about Robert Ritchie (The West Wing)
 most political analysts believing the Republicans would never nominate such an intellectually simple candidate to combat the self-named "Education President" Josiah Bartlet. Even when polls show Ritchie pulling even with the then-frontrunner Senator Jim Simon, (who is never seen or mentioned again) most of the senior White House staff didn't believe he could win. Only Bartlet and Toby Ziegler, as Bartlet puts it, "know different." Vice President John Hoynes also warns the White House staff that they should take Ritchie seriously. Ritchie is assumed to be the official Republican nominee after the episode "Hartsfield's Landing", which is the only episode

This is a document about Twenty Five (The West Wing)
 grandfather, and Molly, after the Secret Service agent who was killed protecting Zoey in the previous episode. Toby's love for his children makes him realize that the president suffers from a severe conflict of interest because of his duties as a father and his duties as the President. Toby rushes to the White House to advise the president to step down, only to discover that Bartlet has already invoked the twenty-fifth amendment. With the office of Vice-President vacant after John Hoynes's resignation due to a sex scandal, the amendment requires that following the line of succession, the Speaker of the

This is a document about The West Wing (season 6)
 from the fifth season. Martin Sheen receives the "and" credit for his role as President Josiah Bartlet, while Jimmy Smits receives a "with" credit for the episodes in which he appears. The rest of the ensemble are credited alphabetically, while Smits, Alda and Channing are only credited for the episodes in which he or she appears. Characters that returned in recurring roles were Gary Cole as Vice President Bob Russell, Tim Matheson as former Vice President John Hoynes and Mark Feuerstein as Senate Majority Counsel Clifford Calley. Roger Rees as British ambassador Lord John Marbury also returned for one episode.

This is a document about The West Wing (season 7)
 Gardner, Anna Deavere Smith as National Security Advisor Nancy McNally, Emily Procter as Republican attorney Ainsley Hayes, Marlee Matlin as pollster Joey Lucas, Gary Cole as Vice President Bob Russell, Tim Matheson as former Vice President John Hoynes, Timothy Busfield as journalist Danny Concannon, and Annabeth Gish as Liz Bartlet Westin, eldest daughter of President Bartlet. The season was nominated for six Primetime Emmy Awards in 2006, winning two. The show was nominated for Outstanding Drama Series for the seventh year running. Alan Alda, as Senator Vinick, won in the award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Martin

This is a document about Tim Matheson
 Tim Matheson Tim Matheson (born Timothy Lewis Matthieson; December 31, 1947) is an American actor and director. He is perhaps best known for his portrayals of the smooth-talking Eric "Otter" Stratton in the comedy film "National Lampoon's Animal House" (1978) and of Vice President John Hoynes in the NBC drama "The West Wing". He has had a variety of other well-known roles, including providing the voice of the lead character in the animated series "Jonny Quest" and for playing President Ronald Reagan in a television film adaptation of the 2015 novel "Killing Reagan" that premiered on October 16, 2016 on

This is a document about Bob Russell (The West Wing)
 Al Gore; for years he used the line "Al Gore is so boring his Secret Service codename is 'Al Gore.'") After the resignation of Vice President John Hoynes due to a sex scandal in May 2003, the Bartlet Administration was required to nominate a replacement, in accordance with the provisions of the 25th Amendment. President Jed Bartlet's first choice was Lewis Berryhill, his Secretary of State, played by William Devane. However, Berryhill's nomination was opposed by House and Senate Republicans, along with more than a few Democrats, most notably the Senate Minority Leader. With a great deal of reluctance, Bartlet

This is a document about Commander in Chief (TV series)
  and was asked by Allen to continue into her administration. A loyal supporter of his Commander in Chief, Gardner finds himself resented by her husband, Rod Calloway, who served as her vice presidential chief of staff. Gardner becomes Vice President of the United States following the resignation of Keaton. ; Rod Calloway (Kyle Secor) ; Calloway is Mac's husband. He was her vice-presidential chief of staff, and thus was initially resentful of Gardner. During the first season, Calloway encourages Mac to give him an office in the West Wing, and a real role in the administration. He later returns to a more

This is a document about The West Wing
  The West Wing s 2002 presidential election pits Bartlet and Vice President John Hoynes against Florida Governor Robert Ritchie (James Brolin) and his running mate, Jeff Heston. Bartlet faces no known opposition for renomination, though Minnesota Democratic Senator Howard Stackhouse launches a brief independent campaign for the presidency. Ritchie, not originally expected to contend for the nomination, emerges from a field of seven other Republican candidates by appealing to the party's conservative base with simple, "homey" sound bites. Bartlet's staff contemplates replacing Vice President John Hoynes on the ticket with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Percy Fitzwallace (John Amos), among others. After it is clear that Ritchie will be the Republican nominee, Bartlet dismisses the idea, declaring that he wants Hoynes in the number two spot because of "four words," which he writes down and hands to Hoynes and McGarry to read: "Because I could die." Throughout the season it is anticipated that the race will be close, but a stellar performance by Bartlet in the sole debate between the candidates helps give Bartlet a landslide victory in both the popular and electoral vote.

This is a document about Brokered convention
  In the U.S. edition of House of Cards, two episodes of the fourth season center on an open convention run by the DNC. Incumbent Frank Underwood is easily nominated for the presidency, but the vice-presidential nomination is contested between Secretary of State Catherine Durant and First Lady Claire Underwood. The last two episodes of season six of the US series The West Wing centers on the Democratic Party's nomination process while three candidates vie for the nomination: Vice President Bob Russell, Representative Matt Santos, and former Vice President John Hoynes. A fourth, Governor Eric Baker, attempts to get nominated from the floor after the first ballot fails to produce a nominee. Santos ultimately wins.

This is a document about Veep
  decides to run for another term as President by Season 7. She is divorced with one daughter, but remains romantically entangled with her ex-husband during the first two seasons and the sixth. She seems to display little or no maternal instinct towards her daughter. Louis-Dreyfus has received widespread critical acclaim for her performance, winning a record-breaking six Primetime Emmy Awards and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and receiving five consecutive Golden Globe nominations. ; Anna Chlumsky as Amy Brookheimer: the Vice President's Chief of Staff. She credits herself as the Vice President's "trouble-shooter, problem-solver, issue-mediator, doubt-remover, conscience-examiner, thought-thinker and all-round everything-doer". Amy

This is a document about List of Veep characters
  of The Washington Post. After being denied a position within the 2020 Meyer campaign, Mike returns to a career in journalism with his podcast "McLinTalk". His podcast is adopted as a segment on CBS albeit only for its (unintended) comedic value, with McLintock gaining the status of a veteran anchor by 2045. Walsh has received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performance. ; Sufe Bradshaw as Sue Wilson: the Vice President's personal secretary. A direct and no-nonsense personality, Sue boasts she is the third most important person in the world, as she is the one who arranges for people to see

This is a document about United States presidential line of succession in fiction
  of the President. There is further controversy as Acting President Walken threatens to select a new Vice President himself, when it is not clear if he has the authority to do so. The Constitutional crisis is averted when Bartlet resumes the powers of the Presidency by notifying the Congressional leaders as provided in the 25th Amendment. The Vice Presidency is later filled under the 25th Amendment by Bob Russell. ; In the last season of The West Wing, Democratic Vice Presidential nominee Leo McGarry dies on Election Day, and it is revealed in the final episode that President Santos intends to

This is a document about List of Veep characters
 Phil Reeves as Secretary Andrew Doyle: Vice President under President Meyer, originally a senator and chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. While serving as her Vice President, he finds himself sidelined in a similar way as she had been by the former President, and Selina continually dismisses using him as an asset during her tenure in office. As Vice President, he enlists Jonah as a liaison to the office of the president, asking him to be his "eyes and ears" in the West Wing. When Selina becomes her party's nominee, he declines to be Selina's running mate due to how

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by The West Wing
  The West Wing is an American political drama television series created by Aaron Sorkin and produced by John Wells Productions and Warner Bros. Television. It originally aired on NBC from September 22, 1999, to May 14, 2006, broadcasting 156 episodes over seven seasons. A special episode was also released on October 15, 2020, on HBO Max. The show follows the lives of White House staffers during the fictional Democratic presidential administration of Josiah Bartlet. The show originally starred Rob Lowe as Sam Seaborn, Moira Kelly as Mandy Hampton, Allison Janney as C. J. Cregg, Richard Schiff as Toby Ziegler, John Spencer as Leo McGarry, Bradley Whitford as Josh Lyman, and

The vice president in "The West Wing" is Bob Russell, played by Gary Cole. He is a fictional character and was introduced in the fifth season as a replacement for John Hoynes. Russell was initially dismissed as a "Bingo Bob" and a tool of Colorado mining interests, but later proved to be a capable vice president.


Question: which area of medieval africa was most associated with the production of salt

Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa

This is a document about History of West Africa
 more states. Early human settlers arrived in West Africa around 12,000 BCE. In the fifth millennium, as the ancestors of modern West Africans began entering the area, the development of sedentary farming began to take place in West Africa. The Iron industry, in both smelting and forging for tools and weapons, appeared in Sub-Saharan Africa by 1200 BCE, and by 400 BCE, contact had been made with the Mediterranean civilizations, and a regular trade included exporting gold, cotton, metal, and leather in exchange for copper, horses, salt, textiles, and beads. Culture developed further with the Nok culture (1000 BCE to

This is a document about Djenné-Djenno
 Africa flourished long before. With the help of archaeological excavations, radiocarbon dates have been collected showing that people first settled there permanently in about 250 B.C. This first occupation of the site (which lasted from 250 B.C. to A.D. 50) is known as Phase I and is some of the earliest evidence for iron production in sub-Saharan Africa. This initial phase is not associated with the Later Stone Age, and there has never been an occupation from this period at the site, or evidence for it has never been found. Until 250 B.C., the area surrounding Djenné-Djenno was either uninhabited

This is a document about Sultanate of Bale
  During medieval times Bale was known for its production of cotton, while salt brought from El Kere was an important trading item

This is a document about Trans-Saharan trade
  The rise of the Ghana Empire, in what is now Mali, Senegal, and southern Mauritania, was concomitant with the increase in trans-Saharan trade. Northern economies were short of gold but at times controlled salt mines such as Taghaza in the Sahara, whereas West African countries like Wangara had plenty of gold but needed salt. Taghaza, a trading and mining outpost where Ibn Battuta recorded the buildings were made of salt, rose to preeminence in the salt trade under the hegemony of the Almoravid Empire. The salt was mined by slaves and purchased with manufactured goods from Sijilmasa. Miners cut thin rectangular slabs of salt directly out of the desert floor, and caravan merchants transported them south, charging a transportation fee of almost 80% of the salt's value. The salt was traded at the market of Timbuktu almost weight for weight with gold. The gold, in the form of bricks, bars, blank coins, and gold dust went to Sijilmasa, from which it went out to Mediterranean ports and in which it was struck into Almoravid dinars.

This is a document about History of slavery in the Muslim world
 The Sahara was thinly populated. Nevertheless, since antiquity there had been cities living on a trade in salt, gold, slaves, cloth, and on agriculture enabled by irrigation: Tiaret, Oualata, Sijilmasa, Zaouila, and others. ; In the Middle Ages, the general Arabic term bilâd as-sûdân ("Land of the Blacks") was used for the vast Sudan region (an expression denoting West and Central Africa ), or sometimes extending from the coast of West Africa to Western Sudan. It provided a pool of manual labour for North and Saharan Africa. This region was dominated by certain states and people: the Ghana Empire, the Empire of Mali, the Kanem-Bornu Empire, the Fulani and Hausa. ; In the Horn of Africa, the coasts of the Red Sea and

This is a document about Alvise Cadamosto
  Compared to the hagiographic Zurara and the fallible Gomes, historians have relished and lauded the reliability and detail provided by Cadamosto, giving a richer and clearer view of how the Henrican enterprise operated. Cadamosto's accounts are also invaluable for historians of Africa, providing the first written detailed accounts of the Senegambia region, beyond the fringes touched one century earlier by Arab historian Ibn Battuta. Cadamosto gives a summary of contemporary European knowledge about West Africa. He describes the Mali Empire (Melli) and the Trans-Saharan trade, e.g. how Berber caravans carry the Saharan salt from desert pans like Teghaza (Tegazza) to frontier cities like Timbuctu (Tombutto). He

This is a document about Mali
  the Niger and Senegal rivers pass through. The country's economy centres on agriculture and mining. One of Mali's most prominent natural resources is gold, and the country is the third largest producer of gold on the African continent. It also exports salt. Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire (for which Ghana is named), the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire covered an area about twice the size of modern-day France and stretched to the west coast of Africa. In the late

This is a document about Mali Empire
  The next great unit of exchange in the Mali Empire was salt. Salt was as valuable, if not more valuable, than gold in sub-Saharan Africa. It was cut into pieces and spent on goods with close to equal buying power throughout the empire. While it was as good as gold in the north, it was even better in the south. The people of the south needed salt for their diet, but it was extremely rare. The northern region on the other hand had no shortage of salt. Every year merchants entered Mali via Oualata with camel loads of salt to sell in Niani. According to Ibn Battuta who visited Mali in the mid-14th century, one camel load of salt sold at Walata for 8–10 mithqals of gold, but in Mali proper it realised 20–30 ducats and sometimes even 40. One particular source

This is a document about Economic history of Portugal
  Africa was controlled by Muslims, who controlled trans-Saharan trade routes for salt, kola, textiles, fish, and grain, and engaged in the Arab slave trade. To attract Muslim traders along the routes traveled in North Africa, the first factory trading post was built in 1445 on the island of Arguin, off the coast of Mauritania. Portuguese merchants accessed the interior via the Senegal and Gambia rivers, which bisected long-standing trans-Saharan routes. They brought in copperware, cloth, tools, wine, and horses, and later included arms and ammunition. In exchange, they received gold from the mines of Akan, Guinea pepper (a trade which lasted

This is a document about Economy of Mali
   Mining has long been an important aspect of the Malian economy. Gold, largest source of Malian exports, is still mined in the southern region: at the end of the 20th century Mali had the third highest gold production in Africa (after South Africa and Ghana). These goldfields, the largest of which lie in the Bambouk Mountains in western Mali (Kenieba Cercle), were a major source of wealth and trade as far back as the Ghana Empire. Salt mining in the far north, especially in the Saharan oases of Taoudenni and Taghaza have been a crucial part of the Malian economy for at least seven hundred years. Both resources were vital components of the Trans-Saharan trade, stretching back to the time of the Roman Empire. From the 1960s to the 1990s state owned mining—especially for gold—expanded, followed by a

This is a document about Taghaza
  The Taghaza mines are first mentioned by name (as Taghara) in around 1275 by the geographer al Qazwini who spent most of his life in Iraq but obtained information from a traveller who had visited the Sudan. He wrote that the town was situated south of the Maghreb near the ocean and that the ramparts, walls and roofs of the buildings were made of salt which was mined by slaves of the Masufa, a Berber tribe, and exported to the Sudan by a caravan that came once a year. A similar description had been given earlier by Al-Bakri in 1068 for the salt mines at a place that he called Tantatal, situated twenty days from

This is a document about Economic history of Africa
  Many wealthy empires grew around coastal areas or large rivers that served as part of important trade routes. The kingdoms of Mali and Songhai Empire grew along the Niger River between 1200 and 1590. Berber traders from the Sahel—a region south of the Sahara Desert—traded dates, copper, horses, weapons and cloth that they brought from north Africa in Camel trains. Trade with the Berber people, and other groups, drove the growth of the Ghana empire, which traded its gold, kola nuts, and slaves. West Africans created a demand for salt, which was collected at desert oases, and which they used to preserve food as

This is a document about Mali Empire
  salt in the Mali Empire was salt-mining sites located in Taghaza. Ibn Battuta had written that in Taghaza there were no trees and there is only sand and the salt mines. Nobody lived in the area except the Musafa servants who worked to dig the salts and lived on dates imported from Sijilmasa and the Dar'a valley, camel meat and millet imported from the Sudan. The buildings were constructed from slabs of salt and roofed with camel skins. The salt was dug from the ground and cut into thick slabs, two of which were loaded onto each camel where they would be taken south across the desert to Oualata and sold. The value of the salt was chiefly determined by the transport costs. Ibn Battuta mentions that the value of salt increased fourfold when transported between Oualata and the Malian capital.

This is a document about 14th & 15th century Africa
  In 1352–53, Ibn Battuta embarked on a pilgrimage from Morocco to the Mali empire. Throughout his travels, he described many aspects of the Trans-Saharan trade routes that he encountered on his journey to Mali. He passed through Morocco and the surrounding cities, and much of the Niger Bend. During his travels, Battuta chronicled everything he saw. The trade routes from Sijilmasa to Walata passed through the salt mines of Taghaza. The town of Takeda in the Niger Bend was a centre for copper mining and trade in Egyptian goods, like cloth. The routes from Morocco to Egypt were large distribution centres for gold. In his memoirs, Battuta

This is a document about Portuguese Guinea
  In the 1430s trade from West Africa was controlled by Muslim states on Africa's northern coast. Muslim trade routes across the Sahara, which had existed for centuries, transported salt, kola, textiles, fish, grain, and slaves. As the Portuguese extended their influence along the coasts of Mauritania, Senegambia by 1445 and Guinea, they created trading posts. Rather than directly competing with the Muslim traders, they increased trade across the Sahara. There was only a very small market for African slaves as domestic workers in Europe, and as workers on the sugar plantations of the Mediterranean. However, the Portuguese found they could make considerable amounts of gold transporting slaves from one trading post to another along the Atlantic coast of Africa. The Portuguese found Muslim traders entrenched along the African coast as far as the Bight of Benin, and Muslim

This is a document about Trade route
  Early Muslim writings confirm that the people of West Africa operated a sophisticated network of trade, usually under the authority of a monarch who levied taxes and provided bureaucratic and military support to his kingdom. Sophisticated mechanisms for the economic and political development of the involved African areas were in place before Islam further strengthened trade, towns and government in western Africa. The capital, court and trade of the region find mention in the works of scholar Abū 'Ubayd 'Abd Allāh al-Bakrī; the mainstay of the trans Saharan trade was gold and salt. The powerful Saharan tribes, Berber in origin and later adapting to Muslim and Arab cultures, controlled the channels to western Africa by making efficient use of horse-drawn vehicles and pack animals. The Songhai engaged in a struggle against the Sa'di dynasty of Morocco over the control of the trans Saharan trade, resulting in damage on both sides and a weak Moroccan victory, further strengthening the uninvolved Saharan tribes. Struggles and disturbances continued till the 14th century, by which the Mandé merchants were trading with the Hausa, between Lake Chad and the Niger. Newer trade routes developed following extension of trade.

This is a document about Arab-Berber
  Medieval Arabic sources refer to Northwest Africa as Bilad Al Barbar (Land of the Berbers; بلاد البربر). This designation may have given rise to the term Barbary Coast which was used by Europeans until the 19th century to refer to coastal Northwest Africa. Since the populations were partially affiliated with the Arab Muslim culture, Northwest Africa also started to be referred to by the Arabic speakers as Al-Maġrib, the Maghreb (meaning "The West") as it was considered as the western part of the known world. For historical references, medieval Arab and Muslim historians and geographers used to refer to Morocco as Al-Maghrib al Aqşá ("The Farthest West"), disambiguating it from neighboring historical regions called Al-Maghrib al Awsat ("The Middle West", Algeria) and Al-Maghrib al Adna ("The Nearest West", Ifriqiya (Tunisia)). The

This is a document about History of Marrakesh
  Draa valleys, and seal off access to the Sahara Desert and the lucrative trans-Saharan trade in salt and gold with sub-Saharan Africa (al-sudan), upon which much of its early fortunes rested. The Almoravids are said to have deliberately put the wide plain of Haouz between Marrakesh and the Atlas foothills in order to make it more defensible — by having a clear view of the distant dust clouds kicked up by any attackers coming from the Atlas, the city would have advance warning and time to prepare its defenses. Nonetheless, repeatedly through its history, whoever controlled the High Atlas often ended up controlling Marrakesh as well.

This is a document about Senegal River
  In the Early Middle Ages (c. 800 CE), the Senegal River restored contact with the Mediterranean world with the establishment of the Trans-Saharan trade route between Morocco and the Ghana Empire. Arab geographers, like al-Masudi of Baghdad (957), al-Bakri of Spain (1068) and al-Idrisi of Sicily (1154), provided some of the earliest descriptions of the Senegal River. Early Arab geographers believed the upper Senegal River and the upper Niger River were connected to each other, and formed a single river flowing from east to west, which they called the "Western Nile". (In fact, some of the headwaters of the Senegal River are near the Niger River in Mali and Guinea.) It was believed to be either a western branch of the Egyptian Nile River or drawn from the same source (variously conjectured to some great internal lakes of the Mountains of

This is a document about Precolonial Mauritania
  by the Sanhadja merchants, the caravan trade had its northern terminus in the Maghribi commercial city of Sijilmasa and its southern terminus in Koumbi Saleh, capital of the Ghana Empire. Later, the southern trade route ended in Timbuktu, capital of the Mali Empire. Gold, ivory, and slaves were carried north in return for salt (ancient salt mines near Kediet Ijill in northern Mauritania are still being worked), copper, cloth, and other luxury goods. Important towns developed along the trade routes. The easiest, though not the shortest, routes between Ghana and Sijilmasa were from Koumbi Saleh through Aoudaghast, Oualâta, Tîchît, and Ouadane. These towns along the route grew to be important commercial as well as political centers. The 11th-century Arab chronicler Al-Bakri describes Aoudaghast, with its population of 5,000

The Sahara region, specifically the area around Taghaza in Mali, was most associated with the production of salt during medieval Africa. Salt was mined from the Sahara and traded to the Mediterranean world, where it was in high demand. The salt was transported from the mines to the Mediterranean coast, where it was sold to merchants who traded it for gold, which was then transported back to the Sahara to purchase salt. This trade was a significant economic activity in medieval Africa and contributed to the wealth of the region.


Question: who wrote the song yes we have no bananas

Answer: Irving Cohn

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
 diseases afflicting the Cavendish Banana. Yes! We Have No Bananas "Yes! We Have No Bananas" is a novelty song by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn published July 19, 1923. It became a major hit in 1923 (placing No. 1 for five weeks) when it was recorded by Billy Jones, Billy Murray, Arthur Hall, Irving Kaufman, and others. It was recorded later by Benny Goodman and his Orchestra, Spike Jones & His City Slickers, and many more. It also inspired a follow-up song, "I've Got the Yes! We Have No Bananas Blues", recorded by Billy Jones, Sam Lanin (with vocals by

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
 Yes! We Have No Bananas "Yes! We Have No Bananas" is a novelty song by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn published July 19, 1923. It became a major hit in 1923 (placing No. 1 for five weeks) when it was recorded by Billy Jones, Billy Murray, Arthur Hall, Irving Kaufman, and others. It was recorded later by Benny Goodman and his Orchestra, Spike Jones & His City Slickers, and many more. It also inspired a follow-up song, "I've Got the Yes! We Have No Bananas Blues", recorded by Billy Jones, Sam Lanin (with vocals by Irving Kaufman and others) in

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
 1923. Frank Silver explained the origin of the song to "Time Magazine": "I am an American, of Jewish ancestry, with a wife and a young son. About a year ago my little orchestra was playing at a Long Island hotel. To and from the hotel I was wont to stop at a fruit stand owned by a Greek, who began every sentence with 'Yess.' The jingle of his idiom haunted me and my friend Cohn. Finally I wrote this verse and Cohn fitted it with a tune." Silver may have been influenced by an actual shortage of Gros Michel bananas

This is a document about Make It Snappy
 J. Shubert and staged by Jesse C. Huffman. Louis Gress was musical director. Dell Lampe orchestrated the music and Allan K. Foster staged the musical numbers. The show ran at the Winter Garden from 13 April 1922 to 1 July 1922. Eddie Cantor headlined with Nan Halperin, J. Harold Murray and Lew Hearn. Shubert sent the show on tour after it had closed on Broadway. In Philadelphia, in the last week of the tour, Cantor introduced the song "Yes! We Have No Bananas", written by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn. The song, later recorded by Cantor for the Victor Talking

This is a document about Make It Snappy
  Harold R. Atteridge and Eddie Cantor wrote the book. Harold Atteridge wrote the lyrics to music by Jean Schwartz. Alfred Bryan and William B. Friedlander wrote additional lyrics, and Friedlander wrote additional music. The show was produced by The Winter Garden Company, with production supervised by Jacob J. Shubert and staged by Jesse C. Huffman. Louis Gress was musical director. Dell Lampe orchestrated the music and Allan K. Foster staged the musical numbers. The show ran at the Winter Garden from 13 April 1922 to 1 July 1922. Eddie Cantor headlined with Nan Halperin, J. Harold Murray and Lew Hearn. Shubert sent the show on tour after it had closed on Broadway. In Philadelphia, in the last week of the tour, Cantor introduced the song Yes! We Have No Bananas, written by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn. The song, later recorded by Cantor for the Victor Talking Machine Company, became the most popular novelty hit of the 1920s.

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
  "Yes! We Have No Bananas" is an American novelty song by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn published March 23, 1923. It became a major hit in 1923 (placing No. 1 for five weeks) when it was recorded by Billy Jones, Billy Murray, Arthur Hall, Irving Kaufman, and others. It was recorded later by Benny Goodman and His Orchestra, Spike Jones & His City Slickers, Kidsongs, and many more. It inspired a follow-up song, "I've Got the Yes! We Have No Bananas Blues", recorded by Billy Jones and Sam Lanin (with vocals by Irving Kaufman and others) in 1923. Al Jolson recorded (on film) an operatic version, in blackface, in the 1930s.

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
  Soon after this song became a popular hit, the answer song "I've Got The Yes! We Have No Banana Blues", composed by Robert King and James F. Hanley with lyrics by Lew Brown, was published. This song criticized the ubiquity and nonsensical lyrics of the original. Eddie Cantor, Eva Taylor, Isabelle Patricola, and Belle Baker all sang this song on records released in 1923. In November 1949, Louis Prima & His Orchestra recorded a version of the song, released on the 1999 album Beepin' & Boppin'. In concerts in the 1970s, Harry Chapin used the title line of this song as part of a comedic alternative ending to his song "30,000 Pounds of Bananas". English singer-songwriter Kevin Ayers modified the song's name for his 1976 album Yes We Have No Mañanas (So Get Your Mañanas Today). Brazilian composers Braguinha and Alberto Ribeiro wrote in 1938 an answer for the song called "Yes, nós temos bananas" (Yes, we do have bananas), first recorded by the singer and composer Almirante. This song got a Dutch cover in 1999, by De Boswachters. This song became largely popular in the Netherlands after Patrick Kicken played it often on his radio show.

This is a document about Banana
 The song "Yes! We Have No Bananas" was written by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn and originally released in 1923; for many decades, it was the best-selling sheet music in history. Since then the song has been rerecorded several times and has been particularly popular during banana shortages. ; A person slipping on a banana peel has been a staple of physical comedy for generations. An American comedy recording from 1910 features a popular character of the time, "Uncle Josh", claiming to describe his own such incident: "Now I don't think much of the man that throws a banana peelin' on the sidewalk, and I

This is a document about Answer song
  response to his own 1908 hit, "I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark" ; The popularity of the 1923 song "Yes! We Have No Bananas" was answered that same year by "I've Got The Yes! We Have No Banana Blues" with lyrics by Lew Brown, composed by Robert King and James F. Hanley. The song referred to the ubiquity and nonsense lyrics of the original. Eddie Cantor, Eva Taylor, Isabelle Patricola, and Belle Baker all sang on releases of this song. ; "Jollity Farm" was written by Leslie Sarony in 1929 in answer to C. Jay Wallis’ “Misery Farm” of the same year. ; Patsy Montana's "I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart" (written 1934, recorded 1935), the first million seller hit by a female country

This is a document about Frank Silver
  Frank Silverstadt (September 8, 1892 – June 14, 1960), better known by his stage name Frank Silver, was an American songwriter, jazz drummer and vaudeville performer. He was best known for co-writing and co-composing the popular song "Yes! We Have No Bananas" in 1923 with Irving Cohn. He wrote at least 75 songs in his career. Born in Boston, Silver grew up on the lower East Side of Manhattan. He began playing drums in a Bowery music hall's orchestra when he was 15. Early in Silver's career, he conducted orchestras in vaudeville houses and was a drummer in Loew's Metropolitan Theatre's orchestra. After those jobs, he toured with his own 12-piece band, playing one-night stands. He also performed with the Hitchy-Koo traveling revue of Raymond Hitchcock and worked at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. Other songs that Silver wrote included "Icky Wicky Woo" and "What Do We Get from Boston? (Beans, Beans, Beans)". Silver was married twice, Dora Silverstadt (born Mandelbaum) and had two sons, Robert and Arthur; Victoria Silverstadt (born Martinkus) and had a son, Frank. On June 14, 1960, Silver died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Brooklyn Jewish Hospital at age 68.

This is a document about Comedy music
  Progress in comedy music continued over years, until vaudeville entertainers of the early 20th century added lyrics to musical numbers. In 1922, one of the first comedy music hits ‘Yes! We Have No Bananas’ sung by Eddie Cantor was released. In the 1940s, Spike Jones created songs with a comedy technique of replacing several musical notes with humorous sound effects. Followed in 1951, Stan Freberg released a series of cover songs that addressed the issue of commercialism in that age. The 1960s and 1970s saw the rise of numerous comedy music artists whose careers went on for decades. These artists include: Allan Sherman, Frank Zappa, Tiny Tim, and Randy Newman. Particularly in 1970, the radio host Barret Hansen – better known as Dr. Demento – appeared. He played tracks sent in by amateur artists, one of which was a 16-year-old 'Weird Al' Yankovic. Yankovic released his first album in 1983, which eventually led to a 14-album contract that he did not complete until 2014. For over four decades, he released multiple hit parodies and originals, which made him a major player in the genre of comedy music and the counterculture associated with it.

This is a document about Shapiro, Bernstein & Co.
  greatly increased the sales. Among the company's successful publications was Vernon Dalhart's "The Prisoner's Song", published in 1924. One of the company's major hits was "Yes! We Have No Bananas" published in 1923. The same year the song was published, they sued lyricist and publicist C.F. Zittel who was making a film using the title "Yes, We Want No Bananas" which they considered an unauthorized use of the title. Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. did give permission to producer George Lederer to produce a musical using the title, but the project did not come to fruition. Shapiro and Bernstein, along with Decca Records and Columbia Pictures, formed a company called Mood Music in 1947 to publish songs from film musicals including The Jolson Story. In May 2020, Shapiro Bernstein was acquired by Golnar Khosrowshahi's Reservoir Media Management.

This is a document about Irving Cohn
  Irving Cohn (21 February 1898 in London – 12 July 1961 in Fort Lee, New Jersey) was a British-American songwriter, best known for "Yes! We Have No Bananas", which he co-wrote with Frank Silver in 1923. He is sometimes credited as Irving Conn.

This is a document about History of Belfast
  were starving. On 30 September 1932, MPs in Northern Ireland's House of Commons shouted in protest over the 78,000 unemployed and their lack of food. One MP threw the mace on the floor and accused the House of hypocrisy. On 3 October 1932, 60,000 unemployed Catholics and Protestants marched together in solidarity to a torch-lit rally at the Custom House. The bands who marched alongside the protesters were careful not play any sectarian songs, and instead opted to perform the popular tune "Yes, We Have No Bananas". On 11 October, crowds formed up on Templemore Avenue in east Belfast

This is a document about Pregón
  a pregón is the song entitled El Manisero ("The Peanut Vendor" in English) which was written by Cuban musician and composer Moisés Simons and first recorded by Rita Montaner in 1928. The 1930 version recorded by Don Azpiazú in New York City with Antonio Machín on vocals became a worldwide hit starting a rhumba craze that swept throughout North America and much of Europe in the 1930s. The Peanut Vendor had a second life as a hit piece when Stan Kenton recorded it as an instrumental in 1947. The song, Yes! We Have No Bananas first published in 1923, was inspired by the idiom of a Long Island fruitseller. Other well-known pregones and their writers include the following:

This is a document about Rationing in the United Kingdom
  by weight; but meat was rationed by price. Fresh vegetables and fruit were not rationed, but supplies were limited. Some types of imported fruit all but disappeared. Lemons and bananas became unobtainable for most of the war; oranges continued to be sold, but greengrocers customarily reserved them for children and pregnant women. Apples were available from time to time. Many grew their own vegetables, encouraged by the "Dig for Victory" campaign. In 1942, many young children, questioned about bananas, did not believe they were real. Game meat such as rabbit and pigeon was not rationed. A popular music-hall song, written 20 years previously but sung ironically, was "Yes! We Have No Bananas".

This is a document about Yes! We Have No Bananas
  have no bananas" in their shop windows in keeping with the war spirit. The song was the subject of a column by Sigmund Spaeth, who suggested that the melody could have been derived from a combination of parts of other songs, including the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Messiah by Handel, "My Bonnie Lies Over The Ocean", "I Dreamt I Dwelt in Marble Halls", "Aunt Dinah's Quilting Party", and Cole Porter's "An Old-Fashioned Garden". Replacing the original lyrics with the appropriate melodic phrases, it becomes: Spaeth subsequently repeated his argument as an expert witness. On January 1, 2019, the song entered the public domain in the United States.

This is a document about Yes, We Have No Bonanza
  Filming for Yes, We Have No Bonanza commenced between November 28 and December 1, 1938. The film's title is a parody of the 1923 song "Yes! We Have No Bananas".

This is a document about Blanche Merrill
  using the title "Yes, We Want No Bananas" which was too close to the song "Yes! We Have No Bananas." The scenario of the proposed film was to have been written by Blanche Merrill. Wrote a new song for Eva Tanguay, "I Don't Care Any More Than I Used To"; ; Wrote an act for Alma Adair; ; Wrote The Spirit of Broadway, an act for Lida Morris; ; Wrote new songs for Cecil Cunningham; ; Wrote new material for Evelyn Nesbitt who was transitioning from cabaret back to vaudeville; ; Wrote songs for Sylvia Clark which will well received;

The song "Yes! We Have No Bananas" was written by Frank Silver and Irving Cohn.


Question: who sang the song she blinded me with science

Answer: Thomas Dolby

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
 sample to be used by The Alchemist, who produced the track. She Blinded Me with Science "She Blinded Me with Science" is a song by the English musician Thomas Dolby, released in 1982. It was first released as a single in the UK in October 1982 and was subsequently included on the EP "Blinded by Science" and the second edition of Dolby's debut album "The Golden Age of Wireless". Although viewed as a success in the United States, peaking at No. 5 in the "Billboard" Hot 100 and 2 weeks at No. 1 in Canada's RPM Magazine, the song barely

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
 She Blinded Me with Science "She Blinded Me with Science" is a song by the English musician Thomas Dolby, released in 1982. It was first released as a single in the UK in October 1982 and was subsequently included on the EP "Blinded by Science" and the second edition of Dolby's debut album "The Golden Age of Wireless". Although viewed as a success in the United States, peaking at No. 5 in the "Billboard" Hot 100 and 2 weeks at No. 1 in Canada's RPM Magazine, the song barely managed to score among the Top 50 in Dolby's native United

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
 tries to diagnose his ailment, all the while being seduced by Miss Sakamoto, a secretary in the home. Dolby saw music videos with story lines as "short silent films with a soundtrack". The video for "She Blinded Me with Science" was conceived and storyboarded before the song was written. Dolby added the song title and then wrote the song to fit the planned video. He then directed the music video. The song was used in the video game "", as a collectible. The song was also sampled by Mobb Deep in their song "Got It Twisted". Thomas Dolby approved the

This is a document about Blinded by Science
 Blinded by Science Blinded by Science was a successful 1982 EP by new wave/synthpop artist Thomas Dolby, made up of extended 12" single versions of songs from the 1982 album "The Golden Age of Wireless." Four of the recordings had previously been released as two separate 12" remix discs in the UK -- "She Blinded Me With Science" with "One of Our Submarines," and "Windpower" with "Flying North" (these two discs were also released as 7" singles containing their shorter versions). "Airwaves" is the full-length UK album version since the US version of "The Golden Age of Wireless" contained the

This is a document about Blinded by Science
 shorter UK single version. Blinded by Science Blinded by Science was a successful 1982 EP by new wave/synthpop artist Thomas Dolby, made up of extended 12" single versions of songs from the 1982 album "The Golden Age of Wireless." Four of the recordings had previously been released as two separate 12" remix discs in the UK -- "She Blinded Me With Science" with "One of Our Submarines," and "Windpower" with "Flying North" (these two discs were also released as 7" singles containing their shorter versions). "Airwaves" is the full-length UK album version since the US version of "The Golden Age

This is a document about Europa and the Pirate Twins
 Blinded Me with Science" and "Hyperactive!" in addition to describing that for "Europa and the Pirate Twins" as being "one of his lesser-known and unsung videos". Europa and the Pirate Twins "Europa and the Pirate Twins" is a song by English artist Thomas Dolby, from his 1982 album "The Golden Age of Wireless". Written by Dolby, who produced it alongside Tim Friese-Greene, the song was released as a single on 3 October 1981. The song, described as a "synth pop classic", was inspired by the atmosphere of World War II, and features a guest appearance by XTC's Andy Partridge. The

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory
 and they invite her to share their apartment. Gilda is threatened by Katie's presence. Test audiences reacted negatively to Katie, but they liked Sheldon and Leonard. The original pilot used Thomas Dolby's hit "She Blinded Me with Science" as its theme song. Although the original pilot was not picked up, its creators were given an opportunity to retool it and produce a second pilot. They brought in the remaining cast and retooled the show to its final format. Katie was replaced by Penny (Kaley Cuoco). The original unaired pilot never has officially been released, but it has circulated on the

This is a document about Gavin Bradley
 "I'm Not Driving" Rhea's Obsession - "Waves (Take Me Alive)" Senor Kasio - "Big Fake Turkey" Suzanne Nuttall - "Trophy Wife" The Philosopher Kings - Supersex 69" The Philosopher Kings - "Charms" Public Enemy - "Public Enemy No. 1" Thomas Dolby - "She Blinded Me With Science" Tori Amos - "Horses" - Dance Music Authority citation Tori Amos - "Putting The Damage On" Usher - "You Make Me Wanna" How Black Mothers Say I Love You (Play) Secrets Of A Black Boy (Play) - Outstanding Sound Design/Composition Dora Nomination Bunny (Short Film) National Post Interview National Post Interview Gavin Bradley

This is a document about Thomas Dolby
 the stage name "Thomas Dolby" to avoid confusion with British singer Tom Robinson, who was popular when Robertson began his career. Early publicity implied that "Dolby" was a middle name, and that the artist's full name was Thomas Morgan Dolby Robertson; this is legally incorrect, but he does sometimes informally go by the initials TMDR. After the release of "She Blinded Me with Science", Dolby Laboratories expressed concern regarding the musician's stage name. Dolby's record label refused to make him change his name, and Dolby Labs did not raise the issue again until later. After a lengthy legal battle, the

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory (season 1)
 was also different, using Thomas Dolby's hit "She Blinded Me with Science". The program was not picked up, but the creators were given an opportunity to revise it, bringing in the remaining leading cast and retooling the show to its current format. The original unaired pilot has never been released on any official format, but copies of it are on the internet with various collectors. The second pilot of "The Big Bang Theory" was directed by James Burrows, who did not continue with the show. This reworked pilot led to a 13-episode order by CBS on May 14, 2007. Prior

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
  "She Blinded Me with Science" is a song by the English musician Thomas Dolby, released in 1982. It was first released as a single in the UK in October 1982. It was subsequently included on the EP Blinded by Science and the 1983 re-release of Dolby's debut album The Golden Age of Wireless. Although viewed as a success in the United States, peaking at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 2 weeks at No. 1 in Canada's RPM Magazine, the song barely managed to score among the Top 60 in Dolby's native United Kingdom, peaking at No. 56 in the UK Singles Chart

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
  1983. Dolby is often considered a one-hit wonder in the United States on the basis of the song's chart success there. In 2002, US cable television network VH1 named "She Blinded Me with Science" No. 20 on its list of the "100 Greatest One-hit Wonders". While the song is Dolby's only Top 40 single on the Billboard Hot 100, he has had other songs that scored on the music charts. In 2006, VH1 placed it at No. 76 on their list of "Greatest Songs of the '80s". Then, in 2009, it ranked No. 13 on VH1's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s.

This is a document about Bret Haaland
 "He Blinded Me with Science"

This is a document about Blinded by Science
  Blinded by Science is an EP by new wave/synthpop artist Thomas Dolby, comprising extended 12-inch single versions of songs from the 1982 album The Golden Age of Wireless. It was released in 1983. Four of the recordings had previously been released as two separate 12-inch remix singles in the UK: "She Blinded Me With Science" backed with "One of Our Submarines"; and "Windpower" backed with "Flying North". (These two singles were also released in 7-inch format, containing their shorter versions.) "Airwaves" is the full-length UK album version, since the US version of The Golden Age of Wireless contained the shorter UK single version.

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory
  "a street-hardened, tough-as-nails woman with a vulnerable interior" (played by Canadian actress Amanda Walsh), and Gilda, a scientist colleague and friend of the male characters (played by Iris Bahr). Sheldon and Leonard meet Katie after she breaks up with a boyfriend, and they invite her to share their apartment. Gilda is threatened by Katie's presence. Test audiences reacted negatively to Katie, but they liked Sheldon and Leonard. The original pilot used Thomas Dolby's hit "She Blinded Me with Science" as its theme song. Although the original pilot was not picked up, its creators were given an opportunity to retool it and produce a second pilot. They

This is a document about 1983 in music
  "Screaming for Vengeance" (1982) – Judas Priest • "Send Her My Love" – Journey • "Separate Ways (Worlds Apart)" – Journey • "Sex (I'm A...)" – Berlin • "Shame on the Moon" – Bob Seger • "Sharp Dressed Man" – ZZ Top • "She Blinded Me with Science" – Thomas Dolby (released in 1982) • "She Works Hard for the Money" – Donna Summer • "She's a Beauty" – The Tubes • "Shipbuilding" – Robert Wyatt • "Should I Stay or Should I Go" – The Clash • "Shout at the Devil" – Mötley Crüe • "Si la vie est

This is a document about Matthew Seligman
  Thompson Twins, appearing on their 1982 album Set and its American counterpart In the Name of Love. Seligman was fired from the Thompson Twins later that year when the band decided to reduce itself to a trio. Seligman then joined Dolby's solo group, and played bass on his albums The Golden Age of Wireless (1982) and The Flat Earth (1984) and the hit single "She Blinded Me With Science". In addition to his work with Dolby throughout the 1980s, Seligman was also a member of the bands Local Heroes SW9 and The Dolphin Brothers. He also played bass on the first two

This is a document about The Golden Age of Wireless
  The Golden Age of Wireless sold very well in the US, peaking at No. 13 on the Billboard album chart in mid-June 1983. "She Blinded Me with Science" had already become a major hit, receiving constant radio and MTV airplay and reaching No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 in May. "Europa and the Pirate Twins" did not fare as well in the US, peaking at No. 67 in July.

This is a document about She Blinded Me with Science
  The video for "She Blinded Me with Science" was conceived and storyboarded before the song was written. Dolby added the song title, wrote the song to fit the planned video, and then directed the music video.

Thomas Dolby sang the song "She Blinded Me with Science."


Question: when did the original hairspray movie come out

Answer: 1988

This is a document about Hairspray (1988 film)
 Hairspray (1988 film) Hairspray is a 1988 American dance comedy film written and directed by John Waters, and starring Ricki Lake, Divine, Debbie Harry, Sonny Bono, Jerry Stiller, Leslie Ann Powers, Colleen Fitzpatrick, and Michael St. Gerard. "Hairspray" was a dramatic departure from Waters's earlier works, with a much broader intended audience. "Hairspray"s PG is the mildest rating a Waters film has received; most of his previous films were rated X by the MPAA. Set in 1962 Baltimore, Maryland, the film revolves around self-proclaimed "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local TV

This is a document about Ricki Lake
 on "King of the Hill", and starred in the television movie "Baby Cakes". She had a cameo appearance in the 2007 remake of the original cult-classic "Hairspray" as a William Morris talent agent, and teamed up with star Nikki Blonsky (who played Tracy Turnblad in the 2007 movie musical remake) and Marissa Jaret Winokur (who played Tracy Turnblad in the Broadway musical based on the original 1988 film) to record "Mama I'm a Big Girl Now" for the soundtrack. The song is played during the film's end credits. She later reunited with original "Hairspray" co-star Deborah Harry for the film

This is a document about The Buddy Deane Show
 a stroke. He was 78. Dick Clark patterned his ABC-TV show, "Where the Action Is", after local remotes done by Deane in Maryland. The racial integration of a take-off of the show, dubbed "The Corny Collins Show", provides the backdrop to the 1988 John Waters movie "Hairspray" starring Divine and Ricki Lake, the Broadway musical "Hairspray" starring Harvey Fierstein and Marissa Jaret Winokur, the 2007 movie "Hairspray" featuring John Travolta and Nikki Blonsky and the 2016 NBC television musical "Hairspray Live!" starring Fierstein and Maddie Baillio. Although he never appeared on Deane's show, Waters attended high school with a "Buddy

This is a document about Bunker Hill (musician)
 so as not to lose his position with the Mighty Clouds of Joy, he recorded several tracks with a band including Link Wray on guitar. One of the tracks, "Hide and Go Seek", became a hit single in the United States, reaching #27 on the Billboard R&B charts and #33 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and was featured in the 1988 movie "Hairspray". Despite hiding his identity, he was still found out and asked to leave the Mighty Clouds of Joy as a result. His later life is obscure, although it is believed that he did perform occasionally as a

This is a document about Madison (dance)
 as a nostalgic dance. The Madison is featured in the John Waters movie "Hairspray" (1988), and it continues to be performed in the Broadway musical "Hairspray". Both the film and the musical feature one of many songs released during the Madison "craze" in the US. The jazz pianist Ray Bryant recorded "Madison Time" for Columbia Records in 1959. "Billboard" stated that "The footwork for the Madison dance is carefully and clearly diagrammed for the terpers." The Ray Bryant version was the version featured in the film "Hairspray". The other popular version was by Al Brown & The Tunetoppers. Another version

This is a document about Toussaint McCall
 in 1967, making his song in the movie somewhat displaced in time. Toussaint McCall Toussaint McCall (born 1934 in Monroe, Louisiana) is an American R&B singer and organist. His one major success was with "Nothing Takes the Place of You", which reached #5 in the US R&B chart, issued on Ronn Records in 1967. Although further singles and an album followed, he did not repeat its success. He continued performing and recording for local record labels, and in 1988 made a cameo appearance in the John Waters film, "Hairspray", lip syncing to his hit song. The movie was supposedly taking

This is a document about Hairspray (2002 album)
 Hairspray (2002 album) Hairspray: Original Broadway Cast Recording is the cast album for the 2002 musical "Hairspray". The show is an adaptation of the 1988 film of the same name. It features performances from the show's cast, which includes Harvey Fierstein, Linda Hart, Dick Latessa, Kerry Butler, Clarke Thorell, Mary Bond Davis, Laura Bell Bundy, Matthew Morrison, Corey Reynolds, and Marissa Jaret Winokur as the lead character of Tracy Turnblad. The cast recording earned the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album. The cast recording contains seventeen songs from the musical, with music by Marc Shaiman and lyrics by

This is a document about Hairspray (2007 soundtrack)
 Hairspray (2007 soundtrack) Hairspray: Soundtrack to the Motion Picture is the soundtrack album for the 2007 New Line Cinema musical film "Hairspray". The film is an adaptation of the 2002 Broadway musical of the same name, itself adapted from John Waters's original 1988 film. It features performances from the film's cast, which includes John Travolta, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Amanda Bynes, James Marsden, Queen Latifah, Brittany Snow, Zac Efron, Elijah Kelley, and Nikki Blonsky as the lead character of Tracy Turnblad. The album has sold upwards of 1,200,000 copies in the USA, and has been certified Platinum by the RIAA.

This is a document about Hairspray (2002 album)
 in the show before "It Takes Two". An additional song not included on the album is "Velma's Revenge", sung by Velma after "It Takes Two", which serves as a short reprise of "(The Legend of) Miss Baltimore Crabs". Hairspray (2002 album) Hairspray: Original Broadway Cast Recording is the cast album for the 2002 musical "Hairspray". The show is an adaptation of the 1988 film of the same name. It features performances from the show's cast, which includes Harvey Fierstein, Linda Hart, Dick Latessa, Kerry Butler, Clarke Thorell, Mary Bond Davis, Laura Bell Bundy, Matthew Morrison, Corey Reynolds, and Marissa Jaret

This is a document about Ladies' Choice (Hairspray song)
 "suggestive number". Ladies' Choice (Hairspray song) "Ladies' Choice" is a song written for the 2007 film version of "Hairspray". It is performed by Link (played by Zac Efron), with music and lyrics by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman. "Ladies' Choice" was added to replace "The Madison", a dance number carried over into the stage musical from the original non-musical 1988 "Hairspray" film. USA Today wrote Efron "lets loose with a lusty yelp during a solo number, Ladies' Choice, which finally showcases his inviting baritone in all its unadulterated glory." At this point, he had only been known for his work

This is a document about Ladies' Choice (Hairspray song)
 Ladies' Choice (Hairspray song) "Ladies' Choice" is a song written for the 2007 film version of "Hairspray". It is performed by Link (played by Zac Efron), with music and lyrics by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman. "Ladies' Choice" was added to replace "The Madison", a dance number carried over into the stage musical from the original non-musical 1988 "Hairspray" film. USA Today wrote Efron "lets loose with a lusty yelp during a solo number, Ladies' Choice, which finally showcases his inviting baritone in all its unadulterated glory." At this point, he had only been known for his work in "High

This is a document about Hairspray (2007 film)
 both felt the number did not adequately advance the plot. As a result, "Mama" was reluctantly dropped from the film during pre-production, although it is used by Shaiman as an instrumental number when the "Corny Collins" kids dance the "Stricken Chicken". A special version of "Mama" was recorded for the film's end credits in May 2007, during the final score recording process, which featured vocals from each of the three women most famous for portraying Tracy Turnblad: Ricki Lake from the 1988 film, Marissa Jaret Winokur from the original Broadway cast, and Nikki Blonsky from the 2007 film. Harvey Fierstein,

This is a document about Toussaint McCall
 Toussaint McCall Toussaint McCall (born 1934 in Monroe, Louisiana) is an American R&B singer and organist. His one major success was with "Nothing Takes the Place of You", which reached #5 in the US R&B chart, issued on Ronn Records in 1967. Although further singles and an album followed, he did not repeat its success. He continued performing and recording for local record labels, and in 1988 made a cameo appearance in the John Waters film, "Hairspray", lip syncing to his hit song. The movie was supposedly taking place in 1962 Baltimore, but his hit was originally recorded and released

This is a document about Kerry Butler
 workshops) in "Hairspray", the musical version of the John Waters 1988 film of the same name. After an out-of-town tryout in Seattle, "Hairspray" opened on Broadway on August 2002 and "became an immediate Broadway smash." Even in a star-studded ensemble cast, reviewers singled Butler out for her sparkling performance as the spastic sidekick. The show won eight Tony Awards including Best Musical. For her performance, Butler was nominated for the Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle Awards, and received the Clarence Derwent Award. While "Hairspray" went into pre-production, Butler played the free-spirited performance artist Maddie in the limited run of

This is a document about Hairspray (1988 film)
  Hairspray opened on February 26, 1988 in 79 North American theaters, where it grossed US$577,287 in its opening weekend. On March 11, it expanded to 227 theaters, where it grossed $966,672 from March 11–13. It ended its theatrical run with $8,271,108.

This is a document about Hairspray (2007 film)
  Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and on soundstages at Toronto's Showline Studios. Recording sessions for the film's songs and soundtrack took place in San Diego, California in the United States. Hairspray premiered on July 10, 2007 at the Mann Village Theater and was released on July 20, 2007 in the United Kingdom and the United States. The film was critically and financially successful, breaking the record for biggest sales at opening weekend for a movie musical, which the film held until July 2008 when it was surpassed by Mamma Mia! and later High School Musical 3: Senior Year in October. Hairspray went on to become the tenth highest grossing musical film in

This is a document about Hairspray (2007 film)
  cinema history, behind the film adaptations of Grease, Chicago, and Mamma Mia!, and stands as one of the most critically and commercially successful musical films of the 2000s. Available in a variety of formats, Hairsprays Region 1 home video release took place on November 20, 2007. USA Network purchased the broadcast rights to Hairspray and was scheduled to debut the film on cable television in February 2010, but in the end it did not broadcast that month. Instead the film was pushed back and premiered on USA on July 24, 2010, with sister channel Bravo also showing it multiple times, and in February 2011 aired on ABC for over-the-air broadcasts.

This is a document about Hairspray (1988 film)
  Hairspray is a 1988 American comedy film written and directed by John Waters, starring Ricki Lake, Divine, Debbie Harry, Sonny Bono, Jerry Stiller, Leslie Ann Powers, Colleen Fitzpatrick, Michael St. Gerard, and Ruth Brown. Hairspray was a dramatic departure from Waters's earlier works, with a much broader intended audience. Hairsprays PG is the mildest rating a Waters film has received; most of his previous films were rated X by the MPAA. Set in 1962 Baltimore, Maryland, the film revolves around self-proclaimed "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local TV show and rallies against racial segregation. Hairspray was only a moderate success upon its initial theatrical release, earning a modest

This is a document about Hairspray (2007 film)
  Hairspray debuted in 3,121 theaters in North America on July 20, 2007, the widest debut of any modern movie musical. The film earned $27.5 million in its opening weekend at #3, behind I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. This made Hairspray the record-holder for the biggest opening weekend for a movie based on a Broadway musical. This record was later broken by the release of Mamma Mia!, which grossed $27.8 million on its opening weekend. Hairspray is currently the twelfth highest grossing musical in U.S. cinema history, surpassing The Rocky Horror Picture Show ($145 million) and Dreamgirls ($103 million), released seven months prior. Ending its domestic run on October 25, 2007, Hairspray has a total domestic gross of $118.9 million and $202.5 million worldwide. Its biggest overseas markets

This is a document about Hairspray (1988 film)
  of $8 million. However, it managed to attract a larger audience on home video in the early 1990s and became a cult film. The film received critical acclaim and ranks #444 on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time. It is Divine's final film released during his lifetime, as he died three weeks after its release. In 2002, the film was adapted into a Broadway musical of the same name, which won eight Tony Awards, including Best Musical in 2003. A second film version of Hairspray, an adaptation of the stage musical, was also released by New Line Cinema in 2007, which included many changes of scripted items from the original.

The original Hairspray movie came out in 1988.