Question: if a meteoroid hits earth 's surface it is called

Answer: meteorite

This is a document about Meteoroid
 particles that it leaves in its wake. This phenomenon is called a meteor or "shooting star". A series of many meteors appearing seconds or minutes apart and appearing to originate from the same fixed point in the sky is called a meteor shower. If that object withstands ablation from its passage through the atmosphere as a meteor and impacts with the ground, it is then called a meteorite. An estimated 15,000 tonnes of meteoroids, micrometeoroids and different forms of space dust enter Earth's atmosphere each year. In 1961, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined a meteoroid as "a solid object

This is a document about Meteoroid
 those objects. On other planets and moons with active surface geological processes, such as Earth, Venus, Mars, Europa, Io, and Titan, visible impact craters may become eroded, buried, or transformed by tectonics over time. In early literature, before the significance of impact cratering was widely recognised, the terms cryptoexplosion or cryptovolcanic structure were often used to describe what are now recognised as impact-related features on Earth. Molten terrestrial material ejected from a meteorite impact crater can cool and solidify into an object known as a tektite. These are often mistaken for meteorites. Meteoroid A meteoroid () is a small rocky

This is a document about Lunar meteorite
 of the lunar surface than the Apollo samples. Half the lunar meteorites, for example, likely sample material from the farside of the Moon. At the time the first meteorite from the Moon was discovered in 1982, there was speculation that some other unusual meteorites that had been found previously originated from Mars. The positive identification of lunar meteorites on Earth supported the hypothesis that meteoroid impacts on Mars could eject rocks from that planet. There are also speculations about the possibility of finding "Earth meteorites" on the surface of the Moon. This would be very interesting because in this case

This is a document about Sylacauga (meteorite)
 chondrite of H4 group. The meteoroid came in on the sunward side of the Earth, so when it hit, it had passed the perihelion and was travelling outward from the Sun. Considering the orbit estimations, the best candidate as parent body is 1685 Toro. Sylacauga (meteorite) The Sylacauga meteorite fell on November 30, 1954, at 12:46 local time (18:46 UT) in Oak Grove, Alabama, near Sylacauga. It is commonly called the Hodges meteorite because a fragment of it struck Ann Elizabeth Fowler Hodges (1920–1972). The Sylacauga meteorite is the first documented extraterrestrial object to have injured a human being. The

This is a document about Desert Fireball Network
 Network, which were led primarily by observational astronomers, and yet collectively have only determined orbits for four meteorites. The interest in this approach heightened in 2008 when a telescopic astronomical sky survey detected a meteoroid on an Earth-bound trajectory, and successfully pinpointed its location on the Earth's surface. A connection between the candidate asteroid type and the meteorite was made based on the object's composition and orbit, but such observatories only see a small portion of the sky, and so the likelihood of observing such events regularly is somewhat low. Prior to this in 2007, the DFN was in its

This is a document about Chelyabinsk meteor
 sunrise in Yekaterinburg. According to eyewitnesses, the bolide appeared brighter than the sun, as was later confirmed by NASA. An image of the object was also taken shortly after it entered the atmosphere by the weather satellite Meteosat 9. Witnesses in Chelyabinsk said that the air of the city smelled like "gunpowder", "sulfur" and "burning odors" starting about 1 hour after the fireball and lasting all day. The visible phenomenon due to the passage of an asteroid or meteoroid through the atmosphere is called a meteor. If the object reaches the ground, then it is called a meteorite. During the

This is a document about Tagish Lake (meteorite)
 Tagish Lake (meteorite) The Tagish Lake meteorite fell at 16:43 UTC on 18 January 2000 in the Tagish Lake area in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Fragments of the Tagish Lake meteorite landed upon the Earth on January 18, 2000 at 16:43 UT (08:43 local time in Yukon) after a large meteoroid exploded in the upper atmosphere at altitudes of with an estimated total energy release of about 1.7 kilotons. Following the reported sighting of a fireball in southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada, more than 500 fragments of the meteorite were collected from the lake's frozen surface. Post-event atmospheric

This is a document about Sikhote-Alin meteorite
 small bodies crossing the orbit of the Earth. Such an orbit was probably created by collisions within the asteroid belt. Sikhote-Alin is a massive fall with the overall size of the meteoroid estimated at approximately . A more recent estimate by Tsvetkov (and others) puts the mass at around . Krinov had estimated the post-atmospheric mass of the meteoroid at some . The strewn field for this meteorite covered an elliptical area of about . Some of the fragments made impact craters, the largest of which was about across and deep. Fragments of the meteorite were also driven into the

This is a document about Meteorite shock stage
 to as an "impact melt". These are seldom found on Earth, so they are very much sought after by collectors. Meteorite shock stage Meteorite shock stage is a measure of the degree of fracturing of the matrix of a common chondrite meteorite. Impacts on the parent body of a meteoroid can produce very large pressures. These pressures heat, melt and deform the rocks. This is called shock metamorphism. Meteorites are often given a rating from 1 to 6 showing the level of shock metamorphism. However, the degree of shock can vary within a meteorite on the scale of centimeters. Smaller

This is a document about Impact event
 Earth in the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, Primorye, Soviet Union. It was during daytime, so was witnessed by many people, which allowed V. G. Fesenkov, then chairman of the meteorite committee of the USSR Academy of Science, to estimate the meteoroid's orbit before it encountered the Earth. Sikhote-Alin is a massive fall with the overall size of the meteoroid estimated at approximately . A more recent estimate by Tsvetkov (and others) puts the mass at around . It was an iron meteorite belonging to the chemical group IIAB and with a coarse octahedrite structure. More than 70 tonnes (metric tons) of material

This is a document about Meteoroid
 source are high in the sky (facilitating relatively high rates) at the moment the meteoroids "catch up" with Earth, coming from behind going in the same direction as Earth. This causes relatively low relative speeds and from this low entry speeds, which facilitates survival of meteorites. It also generates high fireball rates in the early evening, increasing chances of eye witness reports. This explains a part, but perhaps not all of the seasonal variation. Research is in progress for mapping the orbits of the meteors to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon. A meteorite is a portion of a

This is a document about Meteoroid
  When meteoroids intersect with Earth's atmosphere at night, they are likely to become visible as meteors. If meteoroids survive the entry through the atmosphere and reach Earth's surface, they are called meteorites. Meteorites are transformed in structure and chemistry by the heat of entry and force of impact. A noted 4 m asteroid,, was observed in space on a collision course with Earth on 6 October 2008 and entered Earth's atmosphere the next day, striking a remote area of northern Sudan. It was the first time that a meteoroid had been observed in space and tracked prior to impacting Earth. NASA has produced a map showing the most notable asteroid collisions with Earth and its atmosphere from 1994 to 2013 from data gathered by U.S. government sensors (see below).

This is a document about B612 Foundation
  When an asteroid enters the planet's atmosphere it becomes known as a 'meteor'; those that survive and fall to the Earth's surface are then called 'meteorites'. While basketball-sized meteors occur almost daily, and compact car-sized ones about yearly, they usually burn up or explode high above the Earth as bolides, (fireballs), often with little notice. During an average 24-hour period, the Earth sweeps through some 100 million particles of interplanetary dust and pieces of cosmic debris, only a very minor amount of which arrives on the ground as meteorites.  The larger in size asteroids or other near-Earth objects (NEOs) are, the less frequently they impact the planet's atmosphere—large meteors seen in the skies are extremely rare, while medium-sized ones are less so, and

This is a document about Meteoroid
  called a meteor or "shooting star". Meteors typically become visible when they are about 100 km above sea level. A series of many meteors appearing seconds or minutes apart and appearing to originate from the same fixed point in the sky is called a meteor shower. A meteorite is the remains of a meteoroid that has survived the ablation of its surface material during its passage through the atmosphere as a meteor and has impacted the ground. An estimated 25 million meteoroids, micrometeoroids and other space debris enter Earth's atmosphere each day, which results in an estimated 15,000 tonnes of that material entering the atmosphere each year.

This is a document about Impact event
  larger objects may impact the solid earth and create a crater. Objects with a diameter less than 1 m are called meteoroids and seldom make it to the ground to become meteorites. An estimated 500 meteorites reach the surface each year, but only 5 or 6 of these typically create a weather radar signature with a strewn field large enough to be recovered and be made known to scientists. The late Eugene Shoemaker of the U.S. Geological Survey estimated the rate of Earth impacts, concluding that an event about the size of the nuclear weapon that destroyed Hiroshima occurs about once a year. Such events would seem to be spectacularly obvious, but they generally go unnoticed for a number of

This is a document about Meteoroid
   A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids, and range in size from small grains to one-meter-wide objects. Objects smaller than this are classified as micrometeoroids or space dust. Most are fragments from comets or asteroids, whereas others are collision impact debris ejected from bodies such as the Moon or Mars. When a meteoroid, comet, or asteroid enters Earth's atmosphere at a speed typically in excess of 20 km/s, aerodynamic heating of that object produces a streak of light, both from the glowing object and the trail of glowing particles that it leaves in its wake. This phenomenon

This is a document about Chelyabinsk meteor
  The visible phenomenon due to the passage of an asteroid or meteoroid through the atmosphere is called a meteor. If the object reaches the ground, then it is called a meteorite. During the Chelyabinsk meteoroid's traversal, there was a bright object trailing smoke, then an air burst (explosion) that caused a powerful blast wave. The latter was the only cause of the damage to thousands of buildings in Chelyabinsk and its neighbouring towns. The fragments then entered dark flight (without the emission of light) and created a strewn field of numerous meteorites on the snow-covered ground (officially named Chelyabinsk meteorites). The last time a similar phenomenon was

This is a document about Impact winter
  The Earth experiences a never-ending barrage of cosmic debris. Small particles burn up as they enter the atmosphere and are visible as meteors. Many of them go unnoticed by the average person even though not all of them burn up before they hit the Earth's surface. Those that strike the surface are known as meteorites. Thus, not every object that hits the Earth will cause an extinction-level event or even cause any real harm. Objects release most of their kinetic energy in the atmosphere and will explode if they experience a column of atmosphere greater than or equal to their mass. Extinction-level impacts on the Earth occur about every 100 million years. Although extinction events happen very rarely, large projectiles can do severe damage. This section will discuss the nature of the hazards posed by projectiles as a function of their size and composition.

This is a document about Meteorite
  Most meteoroids disintegrate when entering the Earth's atmosphere. Usually, five to ten a year are observed to fall and are subsequently recovered and made known to scientists. Few meteorites are large enough to create large impact craters. Instead, they typically arrive at the surface at their terminal velocity and, at most, create a small pit. Large meteoroids may strike the earth with a significant fraction of their escape velocity (second cosmic velocity), leaving behind a hypervelocity impact crater. The kind of crater will depend on the size, composition, degree of fragmentation, and incoming angle of the impactor. The force of such collisions has the potential to cause widespread destruction. The most

A meteoroid that hits the Earth's surface is called a meteorite.


Question: when did the draft began for the vietnam war

Answer: 1970

This is a document about Draft lottery (1969)
 1952 to 1956 births). The draft numbers issued from 1972 to 1975 were not used to call any men into service as the last draft call was on December 7, and authority to induct expired July 1, 1973. They were used, however, to call some men born from 1953 to 1956 for armed forces physical examinations. The highest number called for a physical was 215 (for tables 1970 through 1976). Between 1965 and 1972 the draft provided 2,215,000 service members to the U.S. military. In the present, not much has changed on how the draft would be conducted if it

This is a document about Conscription in the United States
 as four out of 11 eligible men to enlist. The military relied upon this draft-induced volunteerism to make its quotas, especially the Army, which accounted for nearly 95 percent of all inductees during Vietnam. For example, defense recruiting reports show 34% of the recruits in 1964 up to 50% in 1970 indicated they joined to avoid placement uncertainty via the draft. These rates dwindled to 24% in 1972 and 15% in 1973 after the change to a lottery system. Accounting for other factors, it can be argued up to 60 percent of those who served throughout the Vietnam War did

This is a document about James Fallows
 in his career, he wrote an article called "What Did You Do in the Class War, Daddy?" ("Washington Monthly", October 1975). It described the "draft physical" day at the Boston Navy Yard in 1970, in which Fallows and his Harvard and MIT classmates overwhelmingly produced reasons for medical exemptions, while the white working-class men of Chelsea, Massachusetts were approved for service. He argued that the class bias of the Vietnam draft, which made it easy for influential and affluent families to avoid service, prolonged the war and that this was a truth many opponents of the war found convenient to

This is a document about Al Gore
 of 1968 but stayed with his parents in their hotel room during the violent protests. When Gore graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the military draft. His father, a vocal anti–Vietnam War critic, was facing a reelection in 1970. Gore eventually decided that enlisting in the Army would be the best way that he could contribute to the anti-war effort. This would also improve his father's reelection prospects. Although nearly all of his Harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in Vietnam, Gore believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue

This is a document about Heart (band)
 Fisher, David Belzer (keys), and Jeff Johnson (drums). After Ann Wilson joined (in 1970 or 1972), the band was renamed Hocus Pocus. Mike Fisher, Roger's brother, was set to be drafted into the military. Nancy Wilson has stated that when he did not report for duty, his home was raided, but he slipped out a rear window, escaped to Canada, and became a Vietnam War "draft dodger". One day in 1972 (or 1971), Mike crossed the border to visit family, and by chance, met Ann at a Hocus Pocus (or White Heart) show. According to Nancy, that meeting was "when

This is a document about Jake Scott
 CFL. Based on his 20 July birth date, Scott's military draft lottery number of record was 187. The highest administrative draft number called for Scott's year group was 195, suggesting that Scott could have been, but was not, drafted for military service during the Vietnam War as he had previously served in the U.S. Marines. Scott began his professional career in 1969 in the Canadian Football League as a defensive back and kick returner with the BC Lions. He was drafted by the Dolphins in seventh round of the 1970 NFL Draft, where in his rookie year, he recorded five

This is a document about DJB Foundation
 2008, when it officially closed. DJB Foundation The DJB Foundation, a progressive social change philanthropy, was founded in 1948 by Daniel J. Bernstein (1918-1970). With his death in 1970 almost five-million dollars came to the foundation. Its most active period began in 1971 when the Board of Directors decided that all assets would be given away within ten years. The grants concentrated on groups and programs generally ignored by conventional foundations because they were "controversial" -- to Clergy & Laity Opposed to the War in Vietnam, the poor, GIs, deserters and draft resisters, ethnic groups, African liberation groups, convicts and

This is a document about Mitt Romney
 1970 newspaper profile of children of cabinet members, Mitt said that U.S. involvement in the war had been misguided – "If it wasn't a political blunder to move into Vietnam, I don't know what is" – but supported Nixon's ongoing Cambodian Incursion as a sincere attempt to bring the war to a conclusion. During the U.S. military draft for the Vietnam War, Romney sought and received two 2-S student deferments, then a 4-D ministerial deferment while living in France as a missionary. He later sought and received two additional student deferments. When those ran out, the result of the December

This is a document about DJB Foundation
 DJB Foundation The DJB Foundation, a progressive social change philanthropy, was founded in 1948 by Daniel J. Bernstein (1918-1970). With his death in 1970 almost five-million dollars came to the foundation. Its most active period began in 1971 when the Board of Directors decided that all assets would be given away within ten years. The grants concentrated on groups and programs generally ignored by conventional foundations because they were "controversial" -- to Clergy & Laity Opposed to the War in Vietnam, the poor, GIs, deserters and draft resisters, ethnic groups, African liberation groups, convicts and ex-convicts. The DJB Foundation exhausted

This is a document about Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
  The draft began in October 1940, with the first men entering military service on November 18. By the early summer of 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the U.S. Congress to extend the term of duty for the draftees beyond twelve months to a total of thirty months, plus any additional time that he could deem necessary for national security. On August 12, the United States House of Representatives approved the extension by a single vote; Roosevelt's former Secretary of War Harry Woodring was among those opposed, writing to Senator Arthur Vandenberg that voluntary enlistment had not been fully tried. As Under Secretary of the Army Karl R. Bendetsen said in an oral history interview, "Mr. Rayburn banged the gavel

This is a document about July 1965
 Australia began training its first draftees for the Vietnam War, bringing up the first of 63,790 conscripts who would have two years full-time service in the Australian Regular Army, followed by further service in the army reserves. In all, 804,286 young men who were 20 years old at the time that the draft reactivated, or turned 20 during the Vietnam era, registered for National Service. ; The U.S. Army combined the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) with the 2nd Infantry Division to form the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), a unique division that included three airborne-qualified battalions and several battalions of helicopters which were integral to its

This is a document about United States Army Recruiting Command
  became increasingly unpopular although it continued to encourage volunteers and selected the bare minimum of annual recruits. Repeatedly renewed by overall majorities in Congress in 1955, 1959, and 1963, its final extension in 1967 was also passed by a majority of Congress, but only after a year of hearings and public debate. The U.S. Army became an all-volunteer force again in 1973. During the years of the Vietnam War between From 1965 to 1973, there were 1,728,254 inductions through selective service. There was however a direct effect on public support for the draft that was high even after the Korean War to its low in early 1970s

This is a document about 1965 in the Vietnam War
  Lewis B. Hershey announced on 30 August that all married, childless men (aged 19 to 26) would be eligible for the draft beginning in January, 1966. A VC attack on Cần Thơ is repulsed with the VC losing more than 50 killed. The 1st Battalion, 9th Marines operating south of the Marble Mountains engaged a VC company killing 12 VC and capturing 12. Later intelligence revealed that the VC had actually lost 30 killed. Johnson signs into a law a bill that criminalizes the destruction or defacing of a draft card, with penalties of a $10,000 fine and/or five years in prison.

This is a document about Conscription in the United States
    Conscription in the United States, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the federal government of the United States in six conflicts: the American Revolutionary War, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The fourth incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940 through the Selective Training and Service Act. It was the country's first peacetime draft. From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United States Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means. Active conscription came

This is a document about Conscription in the United States
  incentive to attract volunteers, and television advertising for the U.S. Army began. With the end of active U.S. ground participation in Vietnam, December 1972 saw the last men conscripted, who were born in 1952 and earlier. On February 2, 1972, a drawing was held to determine draft priority numbers for men born in 1953, but in January 1973 Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announced that no further draft orders would be issued. In March 1973, 1974, and 1975, the Selective Service assigned draft priority numbers for all men born in 1954, 1955, and 1956, in case the draft was extended, but it never was. Command Sergeant

This is a document about Australian Army
  The Australian Army commenced its involvement in the Vietnam War by sending military advisors in 1962, which was then increased by sending in combat troops, specifically 1RAR, on 27 May 1965. Just before the official start of hostilities, the Australian Army was augmented with the reintroduction of conscription, which was based on a 'birthday ballot' selection process for all registered 20 year old males. These men were required to register, unless they gave a legitimate reason for their exemption, else they faced penalties. This scheme would prove to be one of the most controversial implementations of conscription in Australia, with large protests against its adoption. In March 1966, the Australian Army increased its commitment again with the replacement

This is a document about Draft lottery (1969)
   On December 1, 1969, the Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War in the year 1970, for men born from January 1, 1944 to December 31, 1950. These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription in the United States that lasted from 1947 to 1973. It was the first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942.

This is a document about United States v. O'Brien
  Vietnam and completed withdrawal of its forces in 1973; the draft ended the same year. On January 21, 1977, the day after his inauguration, President Jimmy Carter signed Executive Order 11967, which granted a full pardon to anyone who had committed or been convicted of a non-violent violation of the Selective Service Act. This included everyone from draft dodgers to protestors such as O'Brien. The pardon covered all such acts committed between August 4, 1964, the date of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, and March 28, 1973, the end of American withdrawal. In 1980, however, Congress reinstated the requirement that young men register with the Selective Service System, but without

This is a document about Conscription in the United States
  five years. He was later pardoned by President Gerald Ford. There were 8,744,000 service members between 1964 and 1975, of whom 3,403,000 were deployed to Southeast Asia. From a pool of approximately 27 million, the draft raised 2,215,000 men for military service (in the United States, South Vietnam, and elsewhere) during the Vietnam War era. The majority of service members deployed to South Vietnam were volunteers, even though hundreds of thousands of men opted to join the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Coast Guard (for three or four year terms of enlistment) before they could be drafted, serve for two years, and have no choice over their military occupational specialty (MOS).  Of the

This is a document about 1969 in the Vietnam War
 1 December 3 December 7 December to 31 March 1970 12-20 December 13 December 14 December 15 November 16 December 20 December 22 December 24-6 December 26 December - 5 January 1970 28 December 30 December to 1 January The first draft lottery in the United States since 1942 (and the first in peacetime) was held, and September 14 was the first of the 366 days of the year selected, with Congressman Alexander Pirnie of New York making the first selection. The PAVN/VC attacked Tuyen Binh in the Mekong Delta, the attack was repulsed with 108 PAVN/VC and 15 civilians killed. Operation Randolph Glen was conducted by

The draft for the Vietnam War began in 1965. However, the highest number of draft calls to provide physicals for service was in 1970, with 215,000 men called. The last draft lottery was held on December 1, 1972, but no draft calls were issued after July 7, 1973.


Question: two organisms living together for their mutual benefit

Answer: Symbiosis

This is a document about Symbiosis
 Symbiosis Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, may be of the same or of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens; biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or both of the

This is a document about Cooperation
 Cooperation Cooperation (sometimes written as co-operation) is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common, mutual, or some underlying benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit. Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species and with members of other species (symbiosis or mutualism). Humans cooperate for the same reasons as other animals: immediate benefit, genetic relatedness, and reciprocity, but also for particularly human reasons, such as honesty signaling (indirect reciprocity), cultural group selection, and for reasons having to do with cultural evolution. Language allows humans to cooperate

This is a document about Cooperation
 the single-shot version of the problem would suggest. It has been suggested that this is one reason for the evolution of complex emotions in higher life forms. Cooperation Cooperation (sometimes written as co-operation) is the process of groups of organisms working or acting together for common, mutual, or some underlying benefit, as opposed to working in competition for selfish benefit. Many animal and plant species cooperate both with other members of their own species and with members of other species (symbiosis or mutualism). Humans cooperate for the same reasons as other animals: immediate benefit, genetic relatedness, and reciprocity, but also

This is a document about Symsagittifera roscoffensis
 their "hosts". The egalitarian definition of symbiosis advocating mutualized and balanced associations ("mutual benefit") has probably emerged as a result of oversimplified vulgarization attempts. American microbiologist Lynn Margulis, during a 2004 interview, fiercely opposed the reciprocal benefit terminology—"I object violently to that terminology"—(1<nowiki>'45"</nowiki>) when his interlocutor sums up his theory of symbiogenesis as: "... the theory of symbiogenesis, the idea that the evolution did not arise slowly through sequential series of mutations ... but by intimacy of strangers, that is organisms coming together in a mutual beneficial way, not intentionally of course ..."(1<nowiki>'10"</nowiki>). During this interview, to illustrate that evolutionary

This is a document about Symbiosis in fiction
 Symbiosis in fiction Symbiosis (mutualism) appears in fiction, especially science fiction, as a plot device. It is distinguished from parasitism in fiction, a similar theme, by the mutual benefit to the organisms involved, whereas the parasite inflicts harm on its host. Relationships between species in early science fiction were often imaginatively parasitic, with the parasites draining the vital energy of their human hosts and taking over their minds, as in Arthur Conan Doyle's 1895 "The Parasite". After the Second World War, science fiction moved towards more mutualistic relationships, as in Ted White's 1970 "By Furies Possessed"; Brian Stableford argues that

This is a document about Symbiotic bacteria
 Symbiotic bacteria Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism or each other. For example, Zoamastogopera, found in the stomach of termites, enable them to digest cellulose. Symbiosis was first defined by Anton de Bary in 1869 in a work entitled "Die Erscheinung der Symbiose" in which he defined the term as "namely, the living together of parasite and host". Associated with the term "symbiosis" are terms: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and amensalism. This may define or limit the type of "living together" of two organisms, be they plant, animal, protist or bacteria they practice. Some types of cyanobacteria

This is a document about Biology in fiction
 of stress including raised heart rate and sweating, but people continue indulging in such works. Kaplan compares this to the "masochism" of liking very hot spicy foods, which induce mouth burns, sweating, and tears. The psychologist Paul Rozin suggests that there is a pleasure in seeing one's own body react as if to stress while knowing that no real harm will result. Symbiosis (mutualism) appears in fiction, especially science fiction, as a plot device. It is distinguished from parasitism in fiction, a similar theme, by the mutual benefit to the organisms involved, whereas the parasite inflicts harm on its host.

This is a document about Mutualism (biology)
  Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit. Mutualism is a common type of ecological interaction. Prominent examples include most vascular plants engaged in mutualistic interactions with mycorrhizae, flowering plants being pollinated by animals, vascular plants being dispersed by animals, and corals with zooxanthellae, among many others. Mutualism can be contrasted with interspecific competition, in which each species experiences reduced fitness, and exploitation, or parasitism, in which one species benefits at the "expense" of the other. The term mutualism was introduced by Pierre-Joseph van Beneden in his 1876 book Animal Parasites and Messmates

This is a document about Biological interaction
  Mutualism is an interaction between two or more species, where species derive a mutual benefit, for example an increased carrying capacity. Similar interactions within a species are known as co-operation. Mutualism may be classified in terms of the closeness of association, the closest being symbiosis, which is often confused with mutualism. One or both species involved in the interaction may be obligate, meaning they cannot survive in the short or long term without the other species. Though mutualism has historically received less attention than other interactions such as predation, it is an important subject in ecology. Examples include cleaning symbiosis, gut flora, Müllerian mimicry, and nitrogen fixation by bacteria in the root nodules of legumes.

This is a document about Cooperation (evolution)
  Symbiosis refers to two or more biological species that interact closely, often over a long period of time. Symbiosis includes three types of interactions—mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism—of which only mutualism can sometimes qualify as cooperation. Mutualism involves a close, mutually beneficial interaction between two different biological species, whereas "cooperation" is a more general term that can involve looser interactions and can be interspecific (between species) or intraspecific (within a species). In commensalism, one of the two participating species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor benefitted. In parasitism, one of the two participating species benefits at the expense of the other. Symbiosis may be obligate or facultative. In obligate symbiosis, one or both species depends on the other for survival. In facultative symbiosis, the symbiotic interaction is not necessary for the survival of either species. Two special types of symbiosis include endosymbiosis, in which one species lives inside of another, and ectosymbiosis, in which one species lives on another.

This is a document about Microbial cooperation
  Perhaps the most common cooperative interactions seen in microbial systems are mutually beneficial. Mutually beneficial social interactions provide a direct fitness benefit to both individuals involved, while outweighing any cost of performing the behaviour. In an environment with individual microbes, mutualism is most often performed in order to increase individual fitness benefit. However, in a community, microorganisms will interact on a large scale to allow for the persistence of the population, which will thereby increase their own fitness. The majority of the time, organisms partaking in these behaviours have a shared interest in cooperation. In microbial systems, this is often seen in the

This is a document about Community (ecology)
  Commensalism is a type of relationship among organisms in which one organism benefits while the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed. The organism that benefited is called the commensal while the other organism that is neither benefited nor harmed is called the host. For example, an epiphytic orchid attached to the tree for support benefits the orchid but neither harms nor benefits the tree. This type of commensalism is called inquilinism, the orchid permanently lives on the tree. Phoresy is another type of commensalism, the commensal uses the host solely for transport. Many mite species rely on another organism, such as birds or mammals, for dispersal. Metabiosis is the final form of commensalism. The commensal relies on the host to prepare an environment suitable for life. For example, Kelp has a root like system, called a holdfast, that attaches it to the seabed. Once rooted it provides molluscs, such as sea snails, with a home that protects them from predation.

This is a document about Mutualisms and conservation
  partner species receives a net benefit" (Bronstein et al. 2004). Here net benefit is defined as, a short-term increase in inclusive fitness (IF). Incorporating the concept of genetic relatedness (through IF) is essential because many mutualisms involve the eusocial insects, where the majority of individuals are not reproductively active. The short-term component is chosen because it is operationally useful, even though the role of long-term adaptation is not considered (de Mazancourt et al. 2005). This definition of mutualism should be suffice for this article, although it neglects discussion of the many subtitles of IF theory applied to mutualisms, and the difficulties of examining short-term compared to long-term benefits, which are discussed in Foster and Wenselneers (2006) and de Mazancourt et al. (2005) respectively. Mutualisms can be broadly divided into two categories.

This is a document about Symbiosis
   Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal, used of human social interaction. It derives from a medieval Latin word meaning sharing food, formed from com- (with) and mensa (table). Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies, and spiders building their webs on plants.

This is a document about Commensalism
   Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. This is in contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from each other; amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected; parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism but the parasitoid has a free-living state and instead of just harming its host, it eventually ends up killing it. The commensal (the species that benefits from the association) may obtain nutrients, shelter, support, or locomotion from the host species, which is substantially unaffected. The commensal relation is often between a larger host and a smaller commensal; the host organism is unmodified, whereas the commensal species may show great structural adaptation consistent with its habits, as in the remoras that ride attached to sharks and other fishes. Remoras feed on their hosts' fecal matter, while pilot fish feed on the leftovers of their hosts' meals. Numerous birds perch on bodies of large mammal herbivores or feed on the insects turned up by grazing mammals.

This is a document about Interspecies friendship
  Mutualism can contribute to the formation of interspecies friendships because it involves a pair of organisms experiencing mutually beneficial exchanges with each other which may lead to a long-lasting bond. The mutualistic relationship observed between coyotes and badgers after hunting ground squirrels together is an example of mutualism developing into an unlikely interspecies friendship. Interspecies friendships often form between humans and domesticated animals through mutualism in which the human gains something beneficial from their pet and the pet gains something beneficial from the human. This is often observed in human-canine friendships in which dogs benefit by being cared for and offered love and companionship from humans while humans benefit by receiving companionship, loyalty and love from their dogs. Mutualistic relationships can be observed even in the smallest of critters like ants and aphids. Ants deter predators from aphids and aphids produce honeydew for the ants to drink.

This is a document about Evolution
  Not all co-evolved interactions between species involve conflict. Many cases of mutually beneficial interactions have evolved. For instance, an extreme cooperation exists between plants and the mycorrhizal fungi that grow on their roots and aid the plant in absorbing nutrients from the soil. This is a reciprocal relationship as the plants provide the fungi with sugars from photosynthesis. Here, the fungi actually grow inside plant cells, allowing them to exchange nutrients with their hosts, while sending signals that suppress the plant immune system. Coalitions between organisms of the same species have also evolved. An extreme case is the eusociality found in social insects, such as bees, termites and ants, where sterile insects feed and guard the small number of organisms in a colony that are able to reproduce. On an even smaller scale, the somatic cells that make up

This is a document about Symbiosis
   Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a long-term relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both species, obligate for one but facultative for the other, or facultative for both.  A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora to help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualism between coral organisms and various types of algae which live inside them. Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualism between the plants, which fix

This is a document about Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
  nature as mutual struggle." As a description of biology, Kropotkin's perspective is consistent with contemporary understanding. Stephen Jay Gould admired Kropotkin's observations, noting that cooperation, if it increases individual survival, is not ruled out by natural selection, and is in fact encouraged. Kropotkin's ideas anticipate the now recognized importance of mutualism (a beneficial relationship between two different species) and altruism (when one member of a species aids another) in biology. Examples of altruism in animals include kin selection and reciprocal altruism. Douglas H. Boucher places Kropotkin's book as a precursor to the development of the biological theory of altruism.

Two organisms living together for their mutual benefit is a definition of symbiosis, specifically mutualistic symbiosis. This type of relationship allows both organisms to gain advantages, such as access to resources or protection, that they could not obtain on their own. Examples of mutualistic symbiosis include lichens, where a fungus provides the structure and the algae provides food through photosynthesis.


Question: who holds the record for the longest field goal

Answer: Matt Prater

This is a document about Field goal
 toward its own end. The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, a record set by Matt Prater on December 8, 2013. The previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey (1970) and then matched by Jason Elam (1998), Sebastian Janikowski (2011), David Akers (2012), and Graham Gano (2018). High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal; however, some professional leagues have encouraged more rare kicks through "four-point field goals". NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three

This is a document about Matt Prater
 Matt Prater Matthew Phillip Prater (born August 10, 1984) is an American football placekicker for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Central Florida, and was originally signed by the Lions as an undrafted free agent in 2006. Prater holds the NFL record for kicking the longest field goal (64 yards), which he set on December 8, 2013, as a member of the Denver Broncos in a game against the Tennessee Titans in the first half as time expired. He also holds the Detroit Lions franchise record for longest field

This is a document about Matt Prater
 Lions. Matt Prater Matthew Phillip Prater (born August 10, 1984) is an American football placekicker for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Central Florida, and was originally signed by the Lions as an undrafted free agent in 2006. Prater holds the NFL record for kicking the longest field goal (64 yards), which he set on December 8, 2013, as a member of the Denver Broncos in a game against the Tennessee Titans in the first half as time expired. He also holds the Detroit Lions franchise record for longest

This is a document about Field goal range
 35 and 40 yard lines (closer in a crosswind) often will go for the more risky fourth down conversion rather than risk either the touchback or the missed field goal. The longest field goal in recorded football history was 69 yards, set by collegiate kicker Ove Johansson, who was born in Sweden, in a 1976 Abilene Christian University football game against East Texas State University (now Texas A&M Commerce) at Shotwell Stadium in Abilene. The longest successful field goal in the NFL was 64 yards and was completed by Matt Prater in 2013. The NCAA record is 67 yards held

This is a document about David Akers
 record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field. The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013. The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air. Elam kicked his 63-yard field goal at Mile High Stadium, while the 63-yarder by Janikowski and

This is a document about Stephen Gostkowski
 over the role of punter for the Patriots after regular punter Ryan Allen was injured during the second quarter, averaging 41.8 yards per punt. On January 20, 2014, he was named to his second Pro Bowl, replacing Denver Broncos kicker Matt Prater, who was playing in Super Bowl XLVIII. During the preseason, Gostkowski made a 60-yard field goal against the Carolina Panthers; had it been a regular-season or postseason game, it would have been the longest field goal in Patriots history (Adam Vinatieri held the record, with a 57-yard field goal against the Chicago Bears in 2002). Gostkowski scored three

This is a document about History of the Detroit Lions
 then the longest field goal in NFL history. Dempsey's 63-yard effort on the game's final play lifted the Saints to a 19-17 victory over the Lions. The record was broke in 2013 when then Broncos and current Lions kicker Matt Prater kicked a 64-yard field goal to set the new record. While playing at home against Chicago on October 24, 1971 tragedy struck when wide receiver Chuck Hughes collapsed and died of a massive heart attack. He remains the only NFL player to ever die on the field. To honor his memory, the team wore black armbands for the rest

This is a document about Super Bowl XLVIII
 running back Montee Ball was also a big contributor with 554 rushing yards, four touchdowns, and 20 receptions. The team's offensive line featured Pro Bowl guard Louis Vasquez. On special teams, Pro Bowl kicker Matt Prater ranked second in the NFL in scoring (150 points) and first in field goal percentage (.962, 25/26). His only miss of the year was from 52 yards, and he set a new NFL record for the longest field goal ever made (64 yards), breaking a record that had stood for 44 years. Defensive end Shaun Phillips anchored the Broncos' line with 10 sacks, while

This is a document about Field goal range
  The longest field goal in recorded football history was 69 yards, set by collegiate kicker Ove Johansson, who was born in Sweden, in a 1976 Abilene Christian University football game against East Texas State University (now Texas A&M Commerce) at Shotwell Stadium in Abilene. The longest successful field goal in the NFL was 66 yards and was completed by Justin Tucker in 2021. The NCAA record is 67 yards held by 3 kickers, Russell Erxleben of Texas, Steve Little of Arkansas and Joe Williams of Wichita State University. All three of those kickers achieved that feat in the 1977-1978 college seasons. Notably, Johansson, Erxleben and Little all failed dramatically when they entered the NFL— Johansson's

This is a document about Field goal
  According to the Guinness World Records, the longest recorded field goal successfully kicked at any level was 69 yards. It was kicked by Ove Johansson of the Abilene Christian University Wildcats in the 1976 game against East Texas State University Lions (now Texas A&M University–Commerce) in Shotwell Stadium, Abilene, Texas.

This is a document about Field goal
  The longest successful field goal in NFL history was 66 yards by Justin Tucker of the Baltimore Ravens against the Detroit Lions on September 26, 2021. The longest field goal attempt in an NFL game was 76 yards by Sebastian Janikowski of the Oakland Raiders against the San Diego Chargers on September 28, 2008. Prior to Dempsey's 1970 kick, the longest field goal in NFL history was 56 yards, by Bert Rechichar of the Baltimore Colts in 1953. A 55-yard field goal, achieved by a drop kick, was recorded by Paddy Driscoll in, and stood as the unofficial record until that point; some sources indicate a 54-yarder by Glenn Presnell in as the record, due to the inability to precisely verify Driscoll's kick. In a pre-season NFL game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks on August 29, 2002, Ola Kimrin kicked a 65-yard field goal. However, because pre-season games are not counted toward official records, this accomplishment did not stand as the official record, even before Tucker bested it in 2021.

This is a document about Field goal
  they can punt to the other team. A punt cannot score any points in American football unless the receiving team touches the ball first and the kicking team recovers it (though it can result in a single in Canadian football), but it may push the other team back toward its own end. The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 66 yards, a record set by Justin Tucker on September 26, 2021, which broke the record previously held by Matt Prater (2013) at 64 yards. The third longest is 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey (1970) and then matched

This is a document about List of Super Bowl records
  England vs. Carolina, XXXVIII ; Most field goals, game, 4 ; Don Chandler – Green Bay vs. Oakland, II ; Ray Wersching – San Francisco vs. Cincinnati, XVI ; Most 40-plus yard field goals, game, 3 ; Garrett Hartley – New Orleans Saints vs. Indianapolis XLIV ; Longest field goal, 54 yards ; Steve Christie – Buffalo vs. Dallas, XXVIII ; Shortest field goal, 9 yards ; Jim Turner – New York Jets vs. Baltimore Colts III ; Mike Clark – Dallas vs. Miami VI ''Note: The goal posts were moved to the back of the end zone in 1974. As such, this record cannot be broken. Standard field goal protocol does not currently allow a kick 17 yards or shorter.''

This is a document about Wichita State Shockers football
 Longest field goal (tied) – Joe Williams 67 yards vs Southern Illinois October 21, 1978

This is a document about Shotwell Stadium
  The longest field goal in the history of all levels of organized football was kicked at Shotwell Stadium. On October 16, 1976, Ove Johannson, the Swedish-born placekicker for Abilene Christian University, kicked a 69-yard field goal against East Texas State in ACU's homecoming win against the Lions. This is currently the record for longest recorded field goal in football history.

This is a document about Field goal
  The longest field goal in U Sports football history is 59 yards, by Niko Difonte of Calgary Dinos, playing against the UBC Thunderbirds on November 11, 2017. The field goal was the final and winning play of the 81st Hardy Cup.

This is a document about List of National Football League records (individual)
 Most overtime field goals, career: 11, Adam Vinatieri 1996–2017 ; Longest overtime field goal: 59 yards, Chandler Catanzaro vs. Cleveland Browns on October 21, 2018 ; Most overtime touchdowns, career: 3, LaDainian Tomlinson 2001–2011 ; Most overtime rushing touchdowns, career: 3, LaDainian Tomlinson 2001–2011 ; Most overtime touchdown passes, career: 4, Drew Bledsoe 1993–2006 ; Longest overtime touchdown pass/reception: 99 yards, Ron Jaworski to Mike Quick, Philadelphia Eagles vs. Atlanta Falcons Nov 10, 1985 ; Longest overtime rushing touchdown: 96 yards, Garrison Hearst, San Francisco 49ers vs. New York Jets Sep 6, 1998 ; Longest overtime interception returned for a touchdown: 72 yards, Lorenzo Lynch, Arizona Cardinals vs. Seattle Seahawks Oct 29, 1995 ; Longest overtime kickoff returned for a touchdown: 96 yards, Chad Morton, New York Jets vs. Buffalo Bills Sep 8, 2002 ; Longest overtime fumble returned for a touchdown: 52 yards, Johnie Cooks, Baltimore Colts vs. New England Patriots Sep 4, 1983 ; Longest overtime punt returned for a touchdown: 99 yards, Patrick Peterson, Arizona Cardinals vs. St. Louis Rams Nov 6, 2011 ; Most passing yards: 219, Derek Carr, Oakland Raiders vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 30, 2016

This is a document about Russell Erxleben
  going that far. It had another eight yards on it." Erxleben kicked two other field goals over 60 yards that season. Rule changes in NCAA football since 1977, specifically the prohibition of kicking tees for field goals, as well as changes to the placement of the ball following a failed kick, have discouraged such long attempts, thus attempts to break the record are now rare. The longest field goal since the rule changes came in 1998 when Martin Gramatica of Kansas State made a 65-yard attempt. Erxleben is the only three-time All-American punter in NCAA history, being a consensus choice in 1976, 1977, and 1978.

This is a document about Paper football
  The longest field goal ever recorded in paper football was 23 feet (7.01 meters), which was achieved by Kelley Parker in College Station, Texas, on June 10, 2012.

Matt Prater holds the record for the longest field goal in the NFL, which is 64 yards.


Question: who stars in hallmark 's coming home for christmas

Answer: Danica McKellar

This is a document about Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film)
 Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film) Coming Home for Christmas is a 2017 American-Canadian made-for-television romantic comedy film based on the novel of the same name by Jenny Hale, starring Danica McKellar and Neal Bledsoe. The film premiered on Hallmark Channel on November 18, 2017 as part of the channel's 'Countdown to Christmas' season. Lizzie Richfield is at a crossroads when she lands a job as house manager for the exclusive Ashford Estate in the Virginia countryside. The estate is being sold; prior to its sale, Lizzie plans one final Christmas Eve gala for the owners: the Marley family, who

This is a document about Hallmark Channel
 channel's first holiday original movie was aired in 2000. Hallmark characters, Hoops & Yoyo, hosted Friday "Movie Night", starting in 2009 during the Countdown. Countdown had 12 original movies in 2013 and 21 in 2016. Actresses frequently featured in the channel's Christmas films (dubbed the "Queens of Christmas") include Rachel Boston, Candace Cameron Bure (who does other work for Hallmark Channel, mainly as Aurora Teagarden), Lacey Chabert, Erin Krakow, Lori Loughlin, Kellie Martin, Danica McKellar. Autumn Reeser and Alicia Witt. Hallmark's "Christmas TV ratings system" has designations like "F for Family" and "J for Joy". Actors frequently featured: Andrew Walker.

This is a document about Aldergrove, British Columbia
 show. The fourth season of the Canadian television series, "The Amazing Race Canada", starred two women from Aldergrove, Frankie Gassler and Amy Gassler. They ended up placing 4th in this race around the world. In 2017, location filming for the Hallmark Channel original movie "Coming Home for Christmas" starring Danica Mckellar took place at a large mansion in Aldergrove. The Greater Vancouver Zoo and the Twilight Drive-in Theatre are located in Aldergrove. The Aldergrove Credit Union Community Centre opened in 2018, with an accompanying Otter Co-op Outdoor Experience water park, featuring water slides, a wave pool, lazy river and an

This is a document about Christmas by medium
 broadcast on the Hallmark Channel and its companion channel Hallmark Movies & Mysteries, which during the holiday season generally feature new films along with reruns of favorites from prior years. Actresses Candace Cameron Bure, Lacey Chabert, and Danica McKellar, along with actor Niall Matter, are frequently featured in lead or major roles. The films themselves generally feature a similar theme of a person who has "lost the Christmas spirit" and through "Christmas magic" regains it (commonly by a romantic encounter; frequently one of the two in the romance is a single parent or has lost someone special around a prior

This is a document about Brad Krevoy
  of Mariah Carey and starred Carey with Lacey Chabert. The film was so well received that Krevoy and Hallmark teamed up for Mariah Carey's Merriest Christmas Special (2015), which featured Chabert again, as well as Emmy award winner Kelsey Grammer. Every Christmas Has a Story (2016), starring Lori Loughlin and Colin Ferguson, was the highest-rated Hallmark Channel telecast of 2016, pulling in 4.01 million viewers. A Wish for Christmas (2016), starring Lacey Chabert and Paul Greene, drew 3.4 million viewers and was the week's most talked about original premiere on Twitter, and across social media. I’ll be Home for Christmas (2016), starring James Brolin and Mena Suvari, had the largest unduplicated audience of Hallmark Movies & Mysteries in 2016, with 2.4 million viewers for the

This is a document about Coming Home for Christmas (film)
  Coming Home For Christmas is a 2013 Canadian Christmas television film written by Kyle McGlohon and Bruce Spiegelman and directed by Vanessa Parise. It stars Ben Hollingsworth, Amy Jo Johnson, Carly McKillip and Britt McKillip.

This is a document about Motion Picture Corporation of America
  social media. I’ll be Home for Christmas (2016), starring James Brolin and Mena Suvari, had the largest unduplicated audience of Hallmark Movies & Mysteries in 2016, with 2.4 million viewers for the premiere. Christmas in Angel Falls (2017), starring Rachel Boston, Beau Bridges and Paul Greene, was the 2nd highest-rated movie of 2017 for the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel. A Royal Matchmaker (2018), starring Joy Lenz and Will Kemp, was the 3rd highest-rated cable program of the week, with 2.9 million total viewers. Winter Love Story (2019), starring Jen Lilley and Kevin McGarry, garnered 3.2 million viewers. Christmas in Rome (2019), starring Lacey Chabert and Sam Page, was the second highest-rated original Hallmark movie of the Christmas season, with 3.7 million viewers.

This is a document about William J. Abbott
  Abbott succeeded Henry Schleiff as President and CEO of Crown Media, June 1, 2009. In his first year, Abbott made a deal with Martha Stewart to create a lifestyle block on Hallmark Channel that premiered in March 2010. The following year, Abbott launched Hallmark's "Countdown to Christmas" campaign, and in 2015 featured Mariah Carey in her directorial debut in A Christmas Melody, with a slate of 17 new original movies, and a celebrity lineup including "Lori Loughlin, Dermot Mulroney, Danica McKellar, Candace Cameron Bure, William Shatner and Christopher Lloyd." He also aimed to produce content that could provide synergy between Hallmark Cards and Hallmark Media Networks, with an eye towards the channel's first scripted series. In 2012, he revived the daytime Emmy-nominated lifestyle program The Home and Family Show. Abbott also diversified

This is a document about The Web (1950 TV series)
  Home For Christmas [S1, E7] and You Killed Elizabeth [S1, E30] ; Jack Palance in The Last Chance [S3, E22] ; Mark Rydell in K for Killer [S3, E6] ; Eva Marie Saint in The Last Chance [S3, E22] ; Joseph Schildkraut in A Time For Dying [S3, E24] ; Eli Wallach in Deadlock [S3, E1] ; Ray Walston in A Time For Dying [S3, E24] ; Joanne Woodward in Welcome Home [S4, E50 (final episode of the series)] Among the future stars who appeared on The Web are:  Other notable television and film actors whose careers were either launched or furthered by appearing on the series:

This is a document about Sam Irvin
  Witt, George Stults, Brigid Brannagh, Maxwell Caulfield, and Dan Lauria. A Hallmark Channel premiere movie. ; Christmas Land starring Nikki DeLoach, Luke Macfarlane, Jason-Shane Scott, Richard Karn, Cynthia Gibb, Chonda Pierce and Maureen McCormick. A Hallmark Channel premiere movie which was the Number One most-watched cable television show (all channels) on the night it aired, with 4.244 million viewers, one of the most-watched programs on Hallmark during all of 2015. ; The Wrong House a Lifetime original movie starring Clare Kramer, Tilky Jones, Allison McAtee, Thomas Calabro, Jim O'Heir, Carolyn Hennesy, Keiko Agena, Ashlyn Jade Lopez, Scott Atkinson and Dori Legg. Aside from

This is a document about Santa's Coming for Us
  The music video for "Santa's Coming for Us" was released on 22 November 2017 and stars Kristen Bell hosting a Christmas party. Guests include Dax Shepard as the husband, JB Smoove as Santa Claus, Susan Lucci and Henry Winkler as the grandparents, and Sophia Lillis, Wyatt Oleff, and Caleb McLaughlin as the children.

This is a document about Rebecca Winters
  Mortimer and Jennifer Taylor) ; Coming Home for Christmas (2003) (with Helen Bianchin and Lucy Gordon) ; Coming Home (2004) (with Helen Bianchin and Lucy Gordon) ; Chocolate Fantasy / Frenchman's Bride (2004) (with Meryl Sawyer) ; All in a Day (2005) (with Jessica Hart and Carole Mortimer) ; Here Comes the Bride (2005) (with Jessica Hart) ; After the Midnight Hour / Truth or Consequences / Bachelor at Risk (2005) (with Diana Duncan and Linda Randall Wisdom) ; Christmas Proposals (2006) (with Marion Lennox and Carole Mortimer) ; To Mum, with Love (2006) (with Margaret Way) ; City Heat (2007) (with Helen Brooks and Catherine George) ; Bound by a Baby (2007) (with Catherine Spencer and Kate Walker)

This is a document about Motion Picture Corporation of America
  A Princess for Christmas (2011), starring Kate McGrath and Roger Moore, was the #1 rated cable movie of the week, pulling in 4.9 million viewers. A Royal Christmas (2014), starring Lacey Chabert and Golden Globe winner Jane Seymour, was Hallmark's 2nd highest-rated telecast in network history and rated #1 in all key demographics. Crown for Christmas (2015), starring Danica McKellar and Rupert Penry-Jones, was the #1 movie when it premiered, drawing 4.29 million viewers. A Christmas Detour (2015), starring Candace Cameron Bure and Paul Greene, was the #1 show on Hallmark Channel and the biggest part of their largest ever share of the weekly audience. It trended at No. 1 on Twitter and bought in 4.78 million viewers overall. A Christmas Melody (2015), marked

This is a document about Brad Krevoy
  A Princess for Christmas (2011), starring Katie McGrath and Roger Moore, was the #1 rated cable movie of the week, pulling in 4.9 million viewers. A Royal Christmas (2014), starring Lacey Chabert and Golden Globe winner Jane Seymour, was Hallmark's 2nd highest-rated telecast in network history and rated #1 in all key demographics. Crown for Christmas (2015), starring Danica McKellar and Rupert Penry-Jones, was the #1 movie when it premiered, drawing 4.29 million viewers. A Christmas Detour (2015), starring Candace Cameron Bure and Paul Greene, was the #1 show on Hallmark Channel and the biggest part of their largest ever share of the weekly audience. It trended at #1 on Twitter and bought in 4.78 million viewers overall. A Christmas Melody (2015), marked the directorial

This is a document about Motion Picture Corporation of America
  directorial debut of Mariah Carey and starred Carey with Lacey Chabert. It was a huge success trending at No. 1 on Twitter, pulling in 4.2 million viewers, and was an enormous part of Hallmarks #1 most watched cable network weekend. The film was so well received that Krevoy and Hallmark teamed up for Mariah Carey's Merriest Christmas Special (2015), which featured Chabert again, as well as Emmy award winner Kelsey Grammer. Every Christmas Has a Story (2016), starring Lori Loughlin and Colin Ferguson, was the highest-rated Hallmark Channel telecast of 2016, pulling in 4.01 million viewers. A Wish for Christmas (2016), starring Lacey Chabert and Paul Greene, drew 3.4 million viewers and was the week's most talked about original premiere on Twitter, and

This is a document about Hallmark Channel
  Candace Cameron Bure (who does other work for Hallmark Channel, mainly as Aurora Teagarden), Lacey Chabert, Erin Krakow, Kellie Martin, Danica McKellar. Autumn Reeser and Alicia Witt. Hallmark's "Christmas TV ratings system" has designations like "F for Family" and "J for Joy". Since 2012, the network has held a Christmas in July event with airings of past Hallmark Channel Christmas movies, which is used to promote Hallmark Cards' collectibles for the upcoming season. In 2013, the event included holiday tips from the cast of Home & Family. In 2014, the event added a theatrical movie premiere. By 2015, the event included one new original movie. In 2014, the Hallmark Channel and Hallmark Cards collaborated

This is a document about A World of His Own
  Coming home, Victoria West (Phyllis Kirk) spots her husband, playwright Gregory West (Keenan Wynn), through the window sharing a drink, and flirting in his study with Mary (Mary LaRoche), an attractive, affectionate young woman. Mr. West quickly destroys a tape, which displeases Mary. When Victoria barges into the room, Mary is nowhere to be found. Victoria looks around the room for hints of where she might have gone but does not yet confront him. Soon, she questions him. Gregory denies everything until Victoria throws in a trick, which causes Mr. West to admit the truth. Victoria is furious, but Gregory explains to

This is a document about Shannon Waverly
 Home For Christmas (1996) (with Anne McAllister, Debbie Macomber)

This is a document about Sam Irvin
  Jacob Moore, C.J. Hoff. (On November 6, 2014, critic Neil Genzlinger wrote in The New York Times that Naughty & Nice was "the best" of the season's new Christmas movies.) ; Mothers of the Bride starring Gail O'Grady, Betsy Brandt, Julie Brown, Debra Wilson, Daniela Bobadilla, Carolyn Hennesy, Scott Atkinson. Irvin also wrote the lyrics and co-wrote the music (with Al Sgro) for a song featured in the movie called "Partay at the Soirée", sung by Debra Wilson. ; The Nurse starring Willa Ford, Brigid Brannagh, John Heard, Costas Mandylor, Jack Noseworthy, David Millbern, T.J. Hoban. ; I'm Not Ready for Christmas starring

Danica McKellar and Neal Bledsoe star in Hallmark's "Coming Home for Christmas" film.


Question: what is the name of the first book of the new testament in the bible

Answer: Matthew

This is a document about New Testament
 Testament appear differs between some collections and ecclesiastical traditions. In the Latin West, prior to the Vulgate (an early 5th-century Latin version of the Bible), the four Gospels were arranged in the following order: Matthew, John, Luke, and Mark. The Syriac Peshitta places the major Catholic epistles (James, 1 Peter, and 1 John) immediately after Acts and before the Pauline epistles. The order of an early edition of the letters of Paul is based on the size of the letters: longest to shortest, though keeping 1 and 2 Corinthians and 1 and 2 Thessalonians together. The Pastoral epistles were apparently

This is a document about Bible translations into Lithuanian
 Psalms translated from the Nova Vulgata. In 1990–1995, new translation of the full Old Testament was prepared by who was awarded the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts for the efforts. The joint book of the Old Testament by Rubšys and New Testament by Kavaliauskas was published in 1998 and is the standard Bible edition in Lithuania. In 2016–2017, the Lithuanian Bible Society prepared and published new translations of the Gospel of Mark and Gospel of Matthew with a goal to publish the full New Testament in the coming years. Bible translations into Lithuanian The first known translations of

This is a document about Sacred Name Bible
 Hebrew form for sacred names throughout the Old and New Testament, becoming the first complete Sacred Name Bible. The Jerusalem Bible in 1966 and over a dozen other translations in the years since used "Yahweh" for YHWH in the Old Testament. Some translators of Sacred Name Bibles hold to the view that the New Testament, or significant portions of it, were originally written in a Semitic language, Hebrew or Aramaic, from which the Greek text is a translation. This view is colloquially known as "Aramaic primacy", and is also taken by some academics, such as Matthew Black. Therefore, translators of

This is a document about Tyndale Bible
 execution Tyndale had only finished translating the entire New Testament and roughly half of the Old Testament. Of the latter, the Pentateuch, Jonah and a revised version of the book of Genesis were published during his lifetime. His other Old Testament works were first used in the creation of the Matthew Bible and also heavily influenced every major English translation of the Bible that followed. The chain of events that led to the creation of Tyndale’s New Testament possibly began in 1522, the year Tyndale acquired a copy of Martin Luther's German New Testament. Inspired by Luther’s work, Tyndale began

This is a document about Bible Companion
 thus the Bible Companion is designed to aid the Christian in their Bible reading to this end. By following the "Bible Companion" the reader is led, in small portions, through the whole Bible in a year. The Old Testament is read once in the year, and the New Testament is read twice. The plan starts on January 1 in the Book of Genesis, Book of Psalms and Book of Matthew and works its way through the scriptures as the year goes along providing around 4 chapters per day. Here is an example of a section from the "Bible Companion": Although

This is a document about Bible translations into Turkmen
 and was generally well received. It was sold widely on book tables throughout Ashgabat. Since then a paperback version of the New Testament was published, and also the Pentateuch ('Töwrat'), and a new version of Proverbs. The whole Bible is now available online from on the IBT website www.ibt.org.ru and was published in 2016. Bible translations into Turkmen A translation of the Gospel of Matthew was made in the 19th century. This was in Arabic script and was probably not widely distributed. IBT has published both the New Testament and several Old Testament books in the Turkmen language, as well

This is a document about Bible
  of Peter ; First Epistle of John ; Second Epistle of John ; Third Epistle of John ; Epistle of Jude Revelation, or the Apocalypse The New Testament is the name given to the second and final portion of the Christian Bible. Jesus is its central figure. The term "New Testament" came into use in the 2nd century during a controversy among Christians over whether the Hebrew Bible should be included with the Christian writings as sacred scripture. The New Testament presupposes the inspiration of the Old Testament. Some other works which were widely read by early churches were excluded from the New Testament and relegated

This is a document about Christianity in the 1st century
  The New Testament (often compared to the New Covenant) is the second major division of the Christian Bible. The books of the canon of the New Testament include the Canonical Gospels, Acts, letters of the Apostles, and Revelation. The original texts were written by various authors, most likely sometime between c. AD 45 and 120 AD, in Koine Greek, the lingua franca of the eastern part of the Roman Empire, though there is also a minority argument for Aramaic primacy. They were not defined as "canon" until the 4th century. Some were disputed, known as the Antilegomena. Writings attributed to the Apostles circulated among the earliest Christian communities. The Pauline epistles

This is a document about Biblical manuscript
  The earliest manuscript of a New Testament text is a business-card-sized fragment from the Gospel of John, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, which may be as early as the first half of the 2nd century. The first complete copies of single New Testament books appear around 200, and the earliest complete copy of the New Testament, the Codex Sinaiticus dates to the 4th century. The following table lists the earliest extant manuscript witnesses for the books of the New Testament.

This is a document about New Testament
 4 canonical gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) ; The Acts of the Apostles ; 14 Pauline epistles ; 7 general epistles, and ; The Book of Revelation. The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. The New Testament's background, the first division of the Christian Bible, is called the Old Testament, which is based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible; together they are regarded as sacred scripture by Christians. The New Testament is a collection of Christian texts originally written in the Koine Greek language, at different times by various authors. While the Old Testament canon varies somewhat between different Christian denominations,

This is a document about Mark 1
  Mark 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Mark in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

This is a document about Sadducees
  The New Testament, specifically the books of Mark and Matthew, describe anecdotes which hint at hostility between the early Christians and the Sadducaic establishment. These disputes manifest themselves on both theological and social levels. Mark describes how the Sadducees challenged Jesus' belief in the resurrection of the dead. Jesus subsequently defends his belief in resurrection against Sadducaic resistance, stating, "and as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the story about the bush, how God said to him "I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?" He is God not of the dead, but

This is a document about Women in the Bible
  The New Testament is the second part of the Christian Bible. It tells about the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. It consists of four narratives called gospels about the life, teaching, death and resurrection of Jesus. It includes a record of the Apostolic ministries in the early church, called the Acts of the Apostles; twenty-one letters called "epistles" written by various authors to specific groups with specific needs concerning Christian doctrine, counsel, instruction, and conflict resolution; and one Apocalyptic book, the Book of Revelation, which is a book of prophecy, containing some instructions to seven local congregations of Asia Minor, but mostly containing prophetical symbology about the end times.

This is a document about Gospel of Matthew
  The Gospel according to Matthew (Κατὰ Ματθαῖον Εὐαγγέλιον), also called the Gospel of Matthew, or simply Matthew, is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells how Israel's Messiah, Jesus, comes to his people and forms a community of disciples, of how he taught the people through such events as the Sermon on the Mount and its Beatitudes, and how Israel becomes divided and how Jesus condemns this hostile Israel. This culminates in his departure from the Temple and his execution. At this point the whole people reject Jesus, and on his resurrection he instead sends the disciples to the gentiles.

This is a document about Book of Revelation
   The Book of Revelation – also called the Apocalypse of John, Revelation to John or Revelation from Jesus Christ – is the final book of the New Testament and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible. Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apokalypsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic book in the New Testament canon. It occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. The author names himself as "John" in the text, but his precise identity remains a point of academic debate. Second-century Christian writers such as Papias of Hierapolis, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Melito of Sardis, Clement of Alexandria, and the author of the Muratorian fragment identify John the Apostle as

This is a document about New Testament
  Literary analysis of the New Testament texts themselves can be used to date many of the books of the New Testament to the mid-to-late first century. The earliest works of the New Testament are the letters of the Apostle Paul. It can be determined that 1 Thessalonians is likely the earliest of these letters, written around 52 AD.

This is a document about Codex Athous Lavrensis
 the four Gospels ; the Acts of the Apostles ; the General epistles ; the Pauline epistles The codex originally contained the entire New Testament except for the Book of Revelation, with lacunae at both the beginning and end. The Gospel of Matthew, the Gospel of Mark 1:1-9:5, and one leaf from the Hebrews with text 8:11-9:19 have subsequently been lost. The order of the codex's books:  The General epistles were found to be in an unusual order (1-2 Peter, James, 1-3 John, and Jude). Also, there was a shorter ending of Mark before the longer version. This is similar to the Codex

This is a document about New Testament
  The first translations (usually called "versions") of the New Testament were made beginning already at the end of 2nd century. The earliest versions of the New Testament are the translations into the Syriac, Latin, and Coptic languages. These three versions were made directly from the Greek, and are frequently cited in the apparatuses of modern critical editions.

This is a document about John Cook (historian)
 An Inquiry into the Books of the New Testament

This is a document about History of Eastern Orthodox theology
  The Biblical canon began with the officially accepted books of the Koine Greek Old Testament (which predates Christianity). This canon is called the Septuagint or seventy and is accepted as the foundation of the Christian faith along with the Good news (gospels), Revelations and Letters of the Apostles (including Acts of the Apostles and the Epistle to the Hebrews). The earliest text of the New Testament was written in common or Koine Greek, according to Greek primacy. The many texts in the many tribal dialects of the Old Testament were all translated into a single language, Koine Greek, in the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus in 200 BC. The early Christians had no way to have a copy of the

The first book of the New Testament in the Bible is the Gospel of Matthew.


Question: who coined the phrase manifest destiny and what does it mean

Answer: Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan

This is a document about Manifest destiny
 rejected it. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes, "American imperialism did not represent an American consensus; it provoked bitter dissent within the national polity ... "Whigs" saw America's moral mission as one of democratic example rather than one of conquest." Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan is generally credited with coining the term "manifest destiny" in 1845 to describe the essence of this mindset, which was a rhetorical tone; however, the unsigned editorial titled "Annexation" in which it first appeared was arguably written by journalist and annexation advocate Jane Cazneau. The term was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war

This is a document about Diamond D production discography
 "Manifest Destiny"

This is a document about History of Native Americans in the United States
   In July 1845, the New York newspaper editor John L. O’Sullivan coined the phrase, "Manifest Destiny," as the "design of Providence" supporting the territorial expansion of the United States. Manifest Destiny had serious consequences for Native Americans, since continental expansion for the United States took place at the cost of their occupied land. Manifest Destiny was a justification for expansion and westward movement, or, in some interpretations, an ideology or doctrine that helped to promote the progress of civilization. Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious and certain. The term was first used primarily by Jacksonian Democrats in the 1840s to promote

This is a document about Manifest destiny
 The special virtues of the American people and their institutions ; The mission of the United States to redeem and remake the west in the image of the agrarian East ; An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty  Manifest destiny was a widely held cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. There are three basic themes to manifest destiny: Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of "a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example … generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven". Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan is generally credited with coining the term manifest destiny in 1845 to describe the essence of

This is a document about Manifest destiny
  The phrase "manifest destiny" is most often associated with the territorial expansion of the United States from 1812 to 1867. This era, from the War of 1812 to the acquisition of Alaska in 1867, has been called the "age of manifest destiny". During this time, the United States expanded to the Pacific Ocean—"from sea to shining sea"—largely defining the borders of the continental United States as they are today.

This is a document about American frontier
   Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States was preordained to expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. The concept was expressed during Colonial times, but the term was coined in the 1840s by a popular magazine which editorialized, "the fulfillment of our manifest destiny...to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions." As the nation grew, "Manifest Destiny" became a rallying cry for expansionists in the Democratic Party. In the 1840s the Tyler and Polk administrations (1841–49) successfully promoted this nationalistic doctrine. However, the Whig Party, which represented business and financial interests, stood opposed to Manifest Destiny. Whig leaders such as Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln called for deepening the society through modernization and urbanization instead of simple horizontal expansion. Starting with the annexation of Texas, the expansionists got the upper hand. John Quincy Adams, an anti-slavery Whig, felt the Texas annexation in 1845 to be "the heaviest calamity that ever befell myself and my country". Helping settlers move westward were the emigrant "guide books" of the 1840s featuring route information supplied by the fur traders and the Frémont expeditions, and promising fertile farmland beyond the Rockies.

This is a document about Lebensraum
 Manifest Destiny

This is a document about Manifest destiny
  There was never a set of principles defining manifest destiny; it was always a general idea rather than a specific policy made with a motto. Ill-defined but keenly felt, manifest destiny was an expression of conviction in the morality and value of expansionism that complemented other popular ideas of the era, including American exceptionalism and Romantic nationalism. Andrew Jackson, who spoke of "extending the area of freedom", typified the conflation of America's potential greatness, the nation's budding sense of Romantic self-identity, and its expansion. Yet Jackson would not be the only president to elaborate on the principles underlying manifest destiny. Owing in part to

This is a document about The United States Magazine and Democratic Review
  Review also published some of the early work of Walt Whitman, James Russell Lowell, and Henry David Thoreau. Hawthorne and O'Sullivan became close friends, and Hawthorne had more pieces published in O'Sullivan's magazine than in any other periodical. The Democratic Review was always in financial difficulties since it accepted no advertising and relied on subscriptions and donations to survive. O'Sullivan relinquished his editorial duties for a short time to practice law but continued to write for the magazine. The magazine is also responsible for coining the term "manifest destiny", referring to the combination of rapid growth of civilization and open space to grow in North America.

This is a document about Manifest destiny
  lack of a definitive narrative outlining its rationale, proponents offered divergent or seemingly conflicting viewpoints. While many writers focused primarily upon American expansionism, be it into Mexico or across the Pacific, others saw the term as a call to example. Without an agreed upon interpretation, much less an elaborated political philosophy, these conflicting views of America's destiny were never resolved. This variety of possible meanings was summed up by Ernest Lee Tuveson: "A vast complex of ideas, policies, and actions is comprehended under the phrase "Manifest Destiny". They are not, as we should expect, all compatible, nor do they come from any one source."

This is a document about Sutter Buttes massacre
  The expansionist movement of the 1840s motivated many Americans to work to push America's borders out into land claimed by Spain, Mexico, Britain, and Native American tribes. "Manifest Destiny", a term coined by journalist John O'Sullivan, captured the idea that the young American nation was destined to rule all of the North American continent. Democratic Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri was a prominent leader of this movement, into which he enlisted his son-in-law, John C. Frémont. Benton obtained government funding for several expeditions led by Frémont to map and explore the western territory. In 1845, Captain Frémont was sent by the War Department on

This is a document about Native Americans in the United States
  described as "a landmark in the literature of demographic fulmination". Henige writes of Dobyns' work, "Suspect in 1966, it is no less suspect nowadays … If anything, it is worse." After the thirteen British colonies revolted against Great Britain and established the United States, President George Washington and Secretary of War Henry Knox conceived the idea of "civilizing" Native Americans in preparation for their assimilation as U.S. citizens. Assimilation (whether it was voluntary, as it was with the Choctaw, or forced), was  consistently maintained as a matter of policy by a number of consecutive American administrations. During the 19th century, the ideology known as manifest destiny

This is a document about Sacramento River massacre
  The expansionist movement of the 1840s motivated many Americans to work to push America's borders out into land owned by Mexico and Native American tribes. "Manifest Destiny", a term coined by journalist John O'Sullivan, captured the idea that the young American nation was destined to rule all of the North American continent. Democratic Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri was a prominent leader of this movement, into which he enlisted his son-in-law, John C. Frémont. Benton obtained government funding for several expeditions led by Frémont to map and explore the western territory. In 1845, Captain Frémont was sent by the War Department on an expedition to survey the Great Basin and Alta California, a possession of Mexico. Upon arriving in western Alta California, Frémont and his men moved about the northern half of the present-day state for several months, provoking the Mexican authorities and building upon grievances and patriotic sentiment among Americans who had settled there.

This is a document about Narciso López
  Once arrived López began planning a filibustering expedition from the United States to liberate Cuba. He made contact with influential American politicians, including John L. O'Sullivan, an expansionist who coined the term "manifest destiny." López recruited Cuban exiles in New York City and other adventurers to his cause, and in 1849, his expedition was poised to embark: a troop of 600 volunteers had gathered on Round Island, Mississippi, with three ships chartered (two in New York and one in New Orleans) to transport them. However, US President Zachary Taylor, who had renounced filibustering as a valid means of US expansion, took steps against López

This is a document about Manifest destiny
  to our Constitution and Declaration of Rights, giving aid and comfort to the enemies of republicanism, in that they are advocating and preaching the doctrine of the right of conquest". On January 3, 1846, Representative Robert Winthrop ridiculed the concept in Congress, saying "I suppose the right of a manifest destiny to spread will not be admitted to exist in any nation except the universal Yankee nation." Winthrop was the first in a long line of critics who suggested that advocates of manifest destiny were citing "Divine Providence" for justification of actions that were motivated by chauvinism and self-interest. Despite this criticism, expansionists embraced the phrase, which caught on so quickly that its origin was soon forgotten.

This is a document about Environmental ethics
  to motivate the public. John L. O'Sullivan, who coined the term manifest destiny, and other influential people like him used Abrahamic ideologies to encourage action. These religious scholars, columnists and politicians historically have used these ideas and continue to do so to justify the consumptive tendencies of a young America around the time of the Industrial Revolution. In order to solidify the understanding that God had intended for humankind to use earths natural resources, environmental writers and religious scholars alike proclaimed that humans are separate from nature, on a higher order. Those that may critique this point of view may ask the same question that John Muir asks ironically in a section of his novel A Thousand Mile Walk to

This is a document about Manifest destiny
 the virtue of the American people and their institutions; ; the mission to spread these institutions, thereby redeeming and remaking the world in the image of the United States; ; the destiny under God to do this work.  Historian William E. Weeks has noted that three key themes were usually touched upon by advocates of manifest destiny: The origin of the first theme, later known as American exceptionalism, was often traced to America's Puritan heritage, particularly John Winthrop's famous "City upon a Hill" sermon of 1630, in which he called for the establishment of a virtuous community that would be a shining example to the Old World. In his influential 1776 pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine

This is a document about Mark McNairy
  In 2012 McNairy put out a T-shirt design featuring capital bold-faced print MANIFEST DESTINY. Manifest Destiny was the belief widely held by Anglo-Americans in the 19th century that they were the divinely destined inheritors of the American continent. Thus, the violent colonization of and genocide against Native Americans at the hands of Anglo-Americans was also considered to be "divinely" ordained. Due to customer and public response, the tee shirt was eventually discontinued by the GAP, and McNairy responded by saying the meaning behind his design was misconstrued, and it was not his intention to offend anyone; however, neither the GAP nor McNairy offered an apology for the offending language.

This is a document about Native Americans in the United States
  Seminole Wars, both before and after the Indian Removals of most members of the Five Civilized Tribes. In the 1830s, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, a policy of relocating Indians from their homelands to Indian Territory and reservations in surrounding areas to open their lands for non-native settlements. This resulted in the Trail of Tears. In July 1845, the New York newspaper editor John L. O'Sullivan coined the phrase, "Manifest Destiny", as the "design of Providence" supporting the territorial expansion of the United States. Manifest Destiny had serious consequences for Native Americans, since continental expansion for the U.S. took place at the cost of their occupied land. A justification for the

This is a document about Manifest destiny
  As the Civil War faded into history, the term manifest destiny experienced a brief revival. Protestant missionary Josiah Strong, in his best seller of 1885 Our Country, argued that the future was devolved upon America since it had perfected the ideals of civil liberty, "a pure spiritual Christianity", and concluded, "My plea is not, Save America for America's sake, but, Save America for the world's sake." In the 1892 U.S. presidential election, the Republican Party platform proclaimed: "We reaffirm our approval of the Monroe doctrine and believe in the achievement of the manifest destiny of the Republic in its broadest sense." What was meant by "manifest destiny" in this context was not clearly defined, particularly since the Republicans lost the election. In the 1896 election, the Republicans recaptured the White House and held on to it for the next 16 years. During that time,

The phrase "Manifest Destiny" was coined by John O'Sullivan, a journalist, in an unsigned editorial titled "Annexation" that was published in the "United States Magazine and Democratic Review" in 1845. The term referred to the belief that it was the destiny of the United States to expand its territory across North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. It was a justification for the expansionist policies of the Jacksonian Democrats and was promoted by advocates of westward expansion.