Question: who plays the bully in freaks and geeks

Answer: Freaks and Geeks

This is a document about Chauncey Leopardi
 Chauncey Leopardi Chauncey Leopardi is an American former actor known for playing Michael "Squints" Palledorous in the 1993 movie "The Sandlot". Leopardi has been in films since he was 5, and is known for his role at eleven years old as Michael "Squints" Palledorous in the 1993 film "The Sandlot". Leopardi also made a single appearance in "Boy Meets World", in the pilot episode. He also appeared in runs as bully Alan White on the short-lived NBC series "Freaks and Geeks" and as the geeky Navy sailor, Kyle, on The CW network's "Gilmore Girls". He has appeared in various other

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 phrase, "ambiguous genitalia." Apatow said in 2014 that "Everything I've done, in a way, is revenge for the people who cancelled "Freaks and Geeks"." In 2001, several of the actors featured in "Freaks and Geeks" appeared in a new Judd Apatow college half-hour comedy "Undeclared", which aired on Fox Network. Apatow fought with the network to include "Freaks and Geeks" actors, but the network only picked up Seth Rogen (who was already committed to the show as a writer) as a regular cast member. However, Jason Segel became a recurring character, and Samm Levine, Busy Philipps, and Natasha Melnick guest-starred

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 in multi-episode arcs, as did prominent "Freaks and Geeks" guest stars Steve Bannos (who played McKinley High math teacher Mr. Frank Kowchevski) and David Krumholtz (who played Neal's older brother, Barry Schweiber). Martin Starr was prominent in another episode, and a scene with Sarah Hagan was shot, although it was cut for television broadcast. The show was also canceled during its first season. In June 2010, it was announced that IFC had acquired the rights to air both "Freaks and Geeks" and "Undeclared". "Freaks and Geeks"s 18-episode run on IFC finished with all episodes having aired as of October 29,

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 Blu-ray on March 22, 2016, and the set contains all special features from the previous releases and the episodes in both its original aspect ratio and widescreen. In October 2004, Newmarket Press released two "Freaks and Geeks" books: "Freaks and Geeks: The Complete Scripts, Volume 1" and "Freaks and Geeks: The Complete Scripts, Volume 2". Each book covers nine scripts from the series, compiled by Paul Feig and Judd Apatow. Extra content includes behind-the-scenes memos and notes; photos; additional plot lines; and excerpts from the "Freaks and Geeks" series bibles. "Freaks and Geeks" creators made it a priority to feature

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 was seen in reruns on Fox Family. However, "Freaks and Geeks" creators chose to wait to release the DVD until they could find a company willing to pay for the original music. Shout! Factory, a music and video company specializing in comprehensive reissues and compilations, eventually brought "Freaks and Geeks" to DVD with all of its music intact. In 2000, the cast of "Freaks and Geeks" was featured in an episode of the game show "Family Feud" hosted by Louie Anderson. At Metacritic, "Freaks and Geeks" has a score of 88 out of 100, based on 26 reviews, indicating "universal

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks (soundtrack)
 Freaks and Geeks (soundtrack) The cult television show "Freaks and Geeks" used music from the show's time period, 1980–1981 for its soundtrack. Because this called for using popular, established artists, purchasing the rights to use songs required much of the show's budget and became an obstacle in releasing the show on DVD; in fact, reruns seen on Fox Family replaced some of the songs with generic production music. However, Shout! Factory eventually brought "Freaks and Geeks" to DVD in 2004, with all of its music intact. The following is a complete list of the songs featured in "Freaks and Geeks"

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 Freaks and Geeks Freaks and Geeks is an American teen comedy-drama television series created by Paul Feig and executive-produced by Judd Apatow that aired on NBC during the 1999–2000 television season. The show follows gifted high schooler Lindsay Weir, who befriends a gang of slacker "freaks", and her younger brother Sam, as he and his geek friends navigate high school. Eighteen episodes were completed, but the series was canceled after only 12 had aired. A fan campaign persuaded NBC to broadcast three of the remaining episodes in July 2000, with the rest of the unaired episodes airing that fall on

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 other NBC series such as "Frasier" and "Friends" were averaging over 14 million viewers each. NBC and the creative directors of "Freaks and Geeks" did not have the same vision for the series. After the network picked up the "Freaks and Geeks" pilot, Garth Ancier replaced the old NBC network's president. Ancier "didn't understand public school life" and its relevance because he went to a boarding school and then on to Princeton. Creator Paul Feig expressed the "irony of the situation" as everyone involved wanted "Freaks and Geeks" to be a success, but the network didn't understand the concept of

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks (soundtrack)
 Andrews, three alternate cast recordings of songs performed on the show ("Lady L" being a fan favorite), an extra performance by "Feedback" and a bonus track by The Leaving Trains. The accompanying booklet features 15 pages of liner notes written by David Wild and Jake Kasdan as well as written track by track commentary by the "Freaks and Geeks" character, guidance counsellor Jeffery Theodore Rosso. Freaks and Geeks (soundtrack) The cult television show "Freaks and Geeks" used music from the show's time period, 1980–1981 for its soundtrack. Because this called for using popular, established artists, purchasing the rights to use

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 2010. "Undeclared"s IFC run began on November 5, 2010. Both shows have also joined TeenNick's line-up as of June 13, 2011. "Freaks and Geeks" aired on FXX, from 2013 to 2014. A reunion of several cast members and producers of both shows took place at the Paley Center for Media's PaleyFest on March 12, 2011. A documentary directed by Brent Hodge chronicling the history and behind-the-scenes of "Freaks and Geeks" featuring interviews with the cast and crew debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 21, 2018. The documentary had its television debut on July 16, 2018, on A&E. Freaks

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 his parents' divorce by joining a swing choir in school. Bill would join the basketball team, becoming a jock and leading to tension with the geeks. Daniel would end up in jail. Kim would become pregnant on tour while following the Grateful Dead. Nick would be pressured by his strict father to join the Army. On April 6, 2004, a six-DVD "Freaks and Geeks" box set was released through Shout! Factory and Sony BMG Music Entertainment. A limited "yearbook edition" set including two additional discs was also available through the official website for the show. Fans who had signed an

This is a document about Natasha Melnick
 Cindy Sanders on "Freaks and Geeks", whom central character Sam Weir (John Francis Daley) had a longtime crush on. She also had recurring roles on "Boston Public", and "Do Over". In 2001, she reunited with some of the cast members of "Freaks and Geeks", appearing in the show "Undeclared" (which was also developed by Judd Apatow). In 2000, Melnick and the rest of the "Freaks and Geeks" cast were nominated for the "YoungStar Award for Best Young Ensemble Cast - Television", though the award ultimately went to "Malcolm in the Middle". Melnick is a member of the band One Last

This is a document about Knocked Up
 settle down happily together in a new apartment in Los Angeles. Several of the major cast members return from previous Judd Apatow projects: Seth Rogen, Martin Starr, Jason Segel, and James Franco all starred in the short-lived, cult television series "Freaks and Geeks" which Apatow produced. From the Apatow-created "Undeclared" (which also featured Rogen, Segel and Starr) there are Jay Baruchel and Loudon Wainwright III. Paul Feig, who co-created "Freaks and Geeks", starred in the Apatow-written movie "Heavyweights" and directed the Apatow-produced "Bridesmaids" also makes a brief cameo as the Fantasy Baseball Guy. Steve Carell, who makes a cameo appearance

This is a document about Busy Philipps
 the same time as "Freaks and Geeks" costar Linda Cardellini and Colin Hanks; she dated Hanks for several years after they graduated. While still in high school, Philipps worked the toy-fair circuit as a real-life Barbie ("Cool Teen Skipper"). Among the people who saw her at a toy convention was actress Sharon Stone, who was impressed with Philipps' performance and told Philipps that she would be a star. Her first major role was Kim Kelly in the 1999-2000 comedy-drama TV series "Freaks and Geeks"; Philipps appeared in all but one of the shows' 18 episodes (the exception being the episode

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 realism. Several of the screenwriters appeared on the show. Mike White played Kim Kelly's oft-discussed injured brother, and first appeared in episode 4, "Kim Kelly is My Friend." Paul Feig, Gabe Sachs, and series composer Michael Andrews appear uncredited as members of the fictional band Dimension in "I'm With the Band." The script for the pilot episode of "Freaks and Geeks" was written by Paul Feig as a spec script. Feig gave the script to producer Judd Apatow, who sold it to DreamWorks, where Apatow was under an overall deal. DreamWorks sold it to NBC, who greenlit a pilot. Before

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 genuine, period-specific music that would help to create the show's tone. Clearing such names as Billy Joel, Cheap Trick, the Grateful Dead, Rush, Styx, The Moody Blues, The Who, and Van Halen required much of the show's budget. Eventually, this became an obstacle in releasing the show on DVD due to the difficulty and expense of clearing all of the music rights for the series. Many television shows (such as "Dawson's Creek", "WKRP in Cincinnati", and "Daria") had music cues changed or removed in order to facilitate relatively inexpensive DVD releases, as was done for "Freaks and Geeks" when it

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks (soundtrack)
 as they appear in the DVD booklet. Listed along with the titles of each song are the artist who performs the versions that appear in the series as well as the original album the track appeared on and that albums original year of release. The opening credits of each episode are accompanied by the song "Bad Reputation", performed by Joan Jett from her 1980 "Bad Reputation" album. A CD soundtrack for the series was released in 2004 from Shout! Factory. The CD soundtrack release contained nine songs featured in the series, eleven original "Freaks and Geeks" score tracks by Michael

This is a document about Freaks and Geeks
 It launched several of its young actors, such as Rogen and Franco, into successful acting careers. One of the cited reasons for its early cancellation was its inability to gain an audience due to its "erratic scheduling" and poor time slots, competing with the high-rated "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire". The producers created a website for the series, but NBC would not share its URL because "they didn't want people to know the Internet existed. They were worried about losing viewers to it" as explained by Judd Apatow. "Freaks and Geeks" was only averaging under 7 million viewers, while

This is a document about Paul Feig
 of "Sabrina, the Teenage Witch", Feig portrayed Mr. Eugene Pool, Sabrina's science teacher. With "Heavyweights" co-scripter Judd Apatow, Feig created the short-lived dramedy series "Freaks and Geeks", inspired by his experiences at Chippewa Valley High School in Clinton Township, Michigan. The show aired on NBC during the 1999–2000 television season. Eighteen episodes were completed, but the series was canceled after only twelve had aired. Despite the short run, "Freaks and Geeks" has since maintained a devoted cult following. The show was named in "Time" magazine's 100 Greatest Shows of All Time, and in summer 2008, "Entertainment Weekly" ranked "Freaks and

The bully in "Freaks and Geeks" is played by Steve Franken.


Question: where are the headquarters of wizards of the coast

Answer: Renton , Washington

This is a document about Wizards of the Coast
 Wizards of the Coast Wizards of the Coast LLC (often referred to as WotC or simply Wizards) is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games. Originally a basement-run role-playing game publisher, the company popularized the collectible card game genre with "" in the mid-1990s, acquired the popular "Dungeons & Dragons" role-playing game by purchasing the failing company TSR, and experienced tremendous success by publishing the licensed "Pokémon Trading Card Game". The company's corporate headquarters are located in Renton, Washington in the United States. Wizards of

This is a document about Wizards of the Coast
  Wizards of the Coast (or WOTC) was founded by Peter Adkison in 1990 outside Seattle, Washington, and its current headquarters are located in nearby Renton. The company was named after a guild of wizards from a Dungeons & Dragons campaign Adkison was playing. Originally the company only published role-playing games such as the third edition of Talislanta and its own The Primal Order. The 1992 release of The Primal Order, a supplement designed for use with any game system, brought legal trouble with Palladium Books for references to Palladium's game and system. The suit was settled in 1993. In 1991, Richard Garfield approached Wizards of the Coast with the idea for a new

This is a document about Wizards of the Coast
  Wizards of the Coast LLC (often referred to as WotC or simply Wizards) is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games. It is currently a subsidiary of Hasbro, which acquired the company in 1999. During a February 2021 reorganization at Hasbro, Wizards of the Coast became the lead part of the new "Wizards and Digital" division. Originally a role-playing game publisher, the company originated and popularized the collectible card game genre with Magic: The Gathering in the mid-1990s. It also acquired the popular Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game by buying TSR and increased its success by publishing the licensed Pokémon Trading Card Game. The company's corporate headquarters are located in Renton, Washington, part of the Seattle metropolitan area. Wizards of the Coast publishes role-playing games, board games, and collectible card games. They have received numerous awards, including several Origins Awards. The company also produced sports cards sets, releasing association football, baseball, basketball and American football series.

This is a document about Durwin Talon
 Upper Deck ; White Wolf, Inc. ; Wizards of the Coast

This is a document about Wizards of the Coast
 Avalon Hill in Renton, Washington, U.S.; founded 1952, acquired by Hasbro in 1998, moved to Wizards of the Coast in 2004, moved again to Hasbro Games in 2021. ; Last Unicorn Games in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.; founded in 1994, acquired and dissolved in 2000. ; TSR, Inc. in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, U.S.; founded in 1973, acquired and dissolved in 1997.

This is a document about Septimus Heap
  The Castle is the main location in the series. It is situated by a river on a piece of land, circular in shape, which has been cut off from the surrounding forest by an artificial moat. The Wizard Tower, the Palace and the Ramblings are in the Castle. Sage based the structure on that of ancient walled cities which were completely self-sufficient, like little nations in their own right. The Wizard Tower is the place where the ExtraOrdinary Wizard (Marcia Overstrand) resides along with Ordinary Wizards and their apprentices and the ExtraOrdinary Apprentice (Septimus Heap). Built by the first ExtraOrdinary Wizard, Hotep-Ra, it is a purple 21-floor tower with a gold pyramid at the top, surrounded by an aura of magyk. The Palace is the royal residence, home to Jenna, Sarah and Silas. It is much older than the Wizard Tower with secret places, such as the Queen's room, which is accessible only to the Queen or the Princess, and has a secret passage to the Marram Marshes.

This is a document about CNN International
 Atlanta (World Headquarters) ; Boston ; Chicago ; Columbus ; Dallas ; Denver ; Houston ; Las Vegas ; Los Angeles ; Miami ; Minneapolis ; New Orleans ; New York City ; Orlando ; Philadelphia ; Phoenix ; Raleigh-Durham ; San Francisco ; Seattle ; Washington, D.C.

This is a document about Wizards of the Coast
  After the company's success in 1999 with Pokémon, Wizards of the Coast acquired and expanded The Game Keeper, a US chain of retail gaming stores, eventually changing its name to Wizards of the Coast. The company's gaming center in Seattle was closed in March 2001. In December 2003, Wizards announced that it would close all of its stores in order to concentrate on game design. The stores were closed in the spring of 2004.

This is a document about List of fictional schools
 Dungeons and Dragons Arcanix in Aundair from the Eberron campaign setting ; Morgrave University in Sharn from the Eberron campaign setting ; Soltryce Academy in Rexxentrum, the capital of the Dwendalian Empire, from the Wildemount campaign setting; premiered in Critical Role 's second campaign ; Sorcere, part of the Academy of Menzoberranzan, where drow mages learn magic; from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting ; Strixhaven, a magical university located in the plane of Arcavios from the Magic: The Gathering multiverse ; Harry Potter series Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in Scotland ; Beauxbatons Academy of Magic in France ; Durmstrang Institute for Magical Learning between the border of Norway and Sweden ; Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in North America ; Uagadou in Africa ; Mahoutokoro in Japan ; Castelobruxo (pronounced cah-stelo-bru-sho) Amazon rainforest in Brazil ; Koldovstoretz in Russia

This is a document about EDSA (company)
 Fort Lauderdale, Florida (headquarters ) ; Orlando, Florida ; Baltimore, Maryland ; New York, New York ; Shanghai, China

This is a document about Thomas M. Reid
  Reid answered a TSR advertisement in the back of Dragon Magazine seeking professional editors, so he and Teresa moved to Delavan, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1991. Reid lived in Wisconsin for nearly six years, working initially as an editor and eventually being promoted to creative director at TSR, Inc. When Wizards of the Coast purchased the company and relocated everyone to Washington, Reid and his family moved there too. During his ten years with the company, Reid had a hand in a variety of products and lines, including the core D&D, Forgotten Realms, Ravenloft, and Planescape lines, and the Star Wars and

This is a document about Archie Comics
  The headquarters is in a 10300 sqft property in the Sanborn Map Building in Pelham, New York. It was in a facility Mamaroneck, New York with warehouse facilities and 7000 sqft of office space until May 2015, when it moved to its current location. Due to changes in the comics industry with digitization, the company needed more office space and less warehouse space.

This is a document about Hasbro
 Wizards of the Coast ; Archetype Entertainment ; Mirrorstone Books ; New Raleigh-Durham Studio ; Tuque Games

This is a document about David S. LaForce
  When TSR ran into financial difficulties in 1997, it was taken over by Wizards of the Coast (WotC). TSR staff were given the choice of staying with WotC and moving from Lake Geneva to WotC's headquarters in Renton, Washington, or resigning. LaForce left the company and stayed in Lake Geneva. After unsuccessfully trying to make a living as a freelance artist, he turned to manual labour, becoming a groundsman for a drilling crew. In 2006, he returned to creative work, taking up sculpture for a living. He occasionally does creative work for the fantasy gaming community; in February 2013, he was listed as a contributing artist in the first issue of Gygax Magazine.

This is a document about Wizard Entertainment
  Chicago, New York City, Austin, and Boston. Wizard's 2013 conventions included Portland Comic Con, St. Louis Comic Con, Philadelphia Comic Con, NYC Experience, Chicago Comic Con, Ohio Comic Con, Nashville Comic Con, Austin Comic Con, and New Orleans Comic Con. In September 2013, Wizard World announced seven new stops for the 2014 tour: Sacramento, Louisville, Minneapolis, Atlanta, San Antonio, Richmond, and Tulsa. Over time, Wizard World reduced the number of conventions they would hold each year, down to only 6 by 2021. In August 2021, Wizard World announced they would be selling the convention events business to FanExpo, with the final Wizard World Chicago show occurring in October.

This is a document about List of DC Universe locations
  the city of Chicago. ; the Oblivion Bar – An extradimensional bar used as a gathering place/hangout for magic users, as well as the headquarters for the Shadowpact. ; Project Cadmus – An experimental genetics lab. Located in Metropolis. The Young Justice animated series has it located in Washington, D.C. ; the Sanctum of Doctor Fate – Located in Salem, Massachusetts. ; the Secret Sanctuary – The original headquarters of the Justice League of America and briefly headquarters of the Doom Patrol. Located in Happy Harbor, Rhode Island. ; Sherwood Florist – Originally in Seattle and now in Star City, the business operated by Black Canary. ; Suicide Slum –

This is a document about TSR, Inc.
  remaining staff through the first half of 1997. With no viable financial plan for TSR's survival, Lorraine Williams sold the company to Wizards of the Coast in 1997. Before the corporate offices in Lake Geneva were closed, some TSR employees accepted the offer of transferring to Wizards of the Coast's offices in Washington. Wizards of the Coast continued to use the TSR name for D&D products for three years, until the third edition of D&D was released in 2000 under the Wizards of the Coast brand only. In 1999, Wizards of the Coast was itself purchased by Hasbro, Inc. In 2002, Gen Con was sold to Peter Adkison.

This is a document about List of comic book conventions
  Oregon (est. 2012) ; San Diego Comic-Con in San Diego, California (est. 1970 as the "Golden State Comic Book Convention") ; Silicon Valley Comic Con in San Jose, California (est. 2016) ; Small Press Expo in Bethesda, Maryland (est. 1994) ; Small Press and Alternative Comics Expo (SPACE) in Columbus, Ohio (est. 2000) ; STAPLE! in Austin, Texas (est. 2005) ; Wizard World Chicago in suburban Chicago, Illinois (est. 1972 as "Nostalgia '72;" later known as the "Chicago Comicon") ; WonderCon in Anaheim, California (est. 1987 in Bay Area as "Wonderful World of Comics Convention") In addition to the conventions listed below, Wizard Entertainment produces large comic book conventions in 21 American cities.

This is a document about Blizzard Entertainment
  2008, World of Warcraft was estimated to hold 62 percent of the MMORPG subscription market. Blizzard's staff quadrupled from around 400 employees in 2004 to 1600 by 2006 to provide more resources to the game and its various expansions, and Blizzard moved their headquarters to 16215 Alton Parkway in Irvine, California in 2007 to support the additional staff. With the success of World of Warcraft, Blizzard Entertainment organized the first BlizzCon fan convention in October 2005 held at the Anaheim Convention Center. The inaugural event drew about 6,000 people and became an annual event which Blizzard uses to announce new games, expansions, and content for its properties.

The headquarters of Wizards of the Coast are located in Renton, Washington.


Question: where does the imperial valley get almost all of its water

Answer: Colorado River

This is a document about Imperial Valley
 The Imperial Valley extends southward for from the southern end of the Salton Sea into Mexico. Part of a trough stretching from the Coachella Valley to the Gulf of California, it is almost entirely below sea level— below at the edge of the Salton Sea. Its hot desert climate is characterized by daily temperature extremes. It was once part of the Gulf of California, from which it was cut off by the dam-like deposits of the Colorado River Delta Fan as it carved out the Grand Canyon. Bordered by sand dunes and barren mountains, it was uninhabited until 1901, when

This is a document about All-American Canal
 All-American Canal The All-American Canal is an 80-mile (130 km) long aqueduct, located in southeastern California. It conveys water from the Colorado River into the Imperial Valley and to nine cities. It is the Imperial Valley's only water source, and replaced the Alamo Canal, which was located mostly in Mexico. The Imperial Dam, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Yuma, Arizona on the Colorado River, diverts water into the All-American Canal, which runs to just west of Calexico, California before its last branch heads mostly north into the Imperial Valley. Five smaller canals branching off the All American Canal

This is a document about Course of the Colorado River
 flows through the Parker Valley, much of which belongs to the Colorado River Indian Reservation, and then the Palo Verde Valley, where it is crossed by Interstate 10 near Blythe, California. The small Headgate Rock Dam removes water for irrigation in the Parker Valley and the Palo Verde Dam provides water to the Palo Verde Valley. The river then flows through a canyon in the Trigo Mountains, where the Cibola and Imperial National Wildlife Refuge encompass the wetland areas formed above Imperial Dam, which filled with silt shortly upon its completion in the 1930s. Most of the Colorado's remaining flow

This is a document about History of California 1900–present
 this location. Diversions can top per second—more than 50 times the flow of the Rio Grande. The Gila River and the Yuma Project aqueduct branch off toward Arizona, while the All-American Canal branches southwards for before reaching its headworks on the California border and bending west toward the Imperial Valley. The All-American Canal is an aqueduct in southeastern California. It conveys water from the Colorado River into the Imperial Valley and to nine cities. It is the Imperial Valley's only water source, and replaced the Alamo Canal, which was located mostly in Mexico. The Imperial Dam, about northeast of Yuma,

This is a document about Imperial Irrigation District
 Imperial Irrigation District The Imperial Irrigation District (IID) is an irrigation district that serves the Imperial Valley in Southern California. Established under the State Water Code, the IID supplies roughly 500,000 acres of Imperial Valley farmland with raw Colorado River water to support irrigation. In addition to providing irrigation, IID also supplies electrical energy to the valley. IID was formed in 1911 under the California Irrigation District Act to acquire the properties of the bankrupt California Development Company and its Mexican subsidiary. The IID was formed as a public agency, acquiring 13 mutual water companies in the valley which had

This is a document about History of California 1900–present
 Arizona, on the Colorado River, diverts water into the All-American Canal, which runs to just west of Calexico, California, before its last branch heads mostly north into the Imperial Valley. Five smaller canals branching off the All-American Canal move water into the Imperial Valley. These canal systems irrigate up to of good cropland and have made possible a greatly increased crop yield in this area, originally one of the driest on earth. It is the largest irrigation canal in the world, carrying a maximum of . Agricultural runoff from the All-American Canal drains into the Salton Sea. The All-American Canal

This is a document about Imperial Irrigation District
 consists of representatives of both the Imperial and Coachella valley served by the Energy Department. Imperial Irrigation District The Imperial Irrigation District (IID) is an irrigation district that serves the Imperial Valley in Southern California. Established under the State Water Code, the IID supplies roughly 500,000 acres of Imperial Valley farmland with raw Colorado River water to support irrigation. In addition to providing irrigation, IID also supplies electrical energy to the valley. IID was formed in 1911 under the California Irrigation District Act to acquire the properties of the bankrupt California Development Company and its Mexican subsidiary. The IID was

This is a document about Quantification Settlement Agreement
 entitled to receive from the Colorado River and its tributaries. As a result, several organizations negotiated an agreement for water rights for their associated districts: the San Diego County Water Authority, the Coachella Valley Water District, the Imperial Irrigation District, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the U.S. Department of the Interior. The agreement was a compromise that divided available water resources between the environmentally fragile Imperial Valley and the more heavily populated areas of Southern California. Among California agricultural regions, the Imperial Valley uses a substantial portion of the Colorado River water that is allotted to the

This is a document about Imperial Valley Press
 publisher Felix G. Havens, it expanded both its potential readership and its title, becoming the Imperial Valley Press and the Imperial Press on March 3, 1906. Though no longer claiming the value of water within its masthead, the paper continued to argue for water rights, “advocating prompt and decisive action to give the Reclamation Service the power to control the entire water sheds of the rivers of the arid land states.” Of particular concern were private interests controlling access to the Colorado River. The importance of such issues to local politics increased with the founding of Imperial County on August

This is a document about Coachella Valley Water District
 Imperial and San Diego counties. The Coachella Valley Water District relies on three sources of water to provide service to its customers: groundwater, recycled water and imported water either through the State Water Project or from the Colorado River via the Coachella Canal, a branch of the All-American Canal. Farmers were attracted to the Coachella Valley's inexpensive land, year-around growing season and what was initially a plentiful supply of groundwater. They soon realized, however, that the aquifer's water supply was finite and CVWD was voted into existence by Coachella Valley residents and established by the state Legislature on January 9,

This is a document about Colorado River
 populated areas along the river, and there are numerous towns including Bullhead City, Arizona, Needles, California, and Lake Havasu City, Arizona. Here, many diversions draw from the river, providing water for both local uses and distant regions including the Salt River Valley of Arizona and metropolitan Southern California. The last major U.S. diversion is at Imperial Dam, where over 90 percent of the river's remaining flow is moved into the All-American Canal to irrigate California's Imperial Valley, the most productive winter agricultural region in the United States. Below Imperial Dam, only a small portion of the Colorado River makes it

This is a document about Imperial Irrigation District
 developed and operated water distribution canals. The district is headquartered in Imperial, California. Prior to 1942, irrigation water delivered to the Imperial Valley was diverted from the Colorado River near Pilot Knob through Mexico to bypass the Imperial sand dunes west of Yuma and into the IID-operated Alamo Canal (also known as the Imperial Canal). Since 1942, water has been diverted at Imperial Dam on the Colorado River through the 82-mile All-American Canal, all of which the IID operates and maintains, although the structures are owned by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Water from Imperial Dam serves the Yuma, Ariz.

This is a document about Economy of California
 delivers water over from the Owens Valley to the city of Los Angeles. One of the state's most acute problems is its appetite for water. In the extensive fields of the Imperial Valley, irrigation is facilitated in part by the All-American Canal—part of the Colorado River Aqueduct project. Cutbacks in federally funded water projects in the 1970s and 80s led many cities to begin buying water from areas with a surplus; but political problems associated with water distribution continue. Ongoing challenges to develop a long-term plan to end surplus water withdrawals from the Colorado led the federal government to stop

This is a document about 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
 The earthquake shaking also led to extensive damage to the irrigation systems of the Imperial Valley, leading to breaches in some canals, particularly the All-American Canal that brings water to the valley from the Colorado River. A section of the unlined canal between the Ash and East Highline canals experienced settling. The Imperial Irrigation District estimated damage to be $982,000 for the three canals. Water flow was immediately reduced to prevent further damage and to allow assessments to be made, and within four days the repairs had been completed and full capacity restored. A hydraulic gate and a concrete facility

This is a document about Course of the Colorado River
 is removed for irrigation here. The Gila Gravity Main Canal provides water for the Gila Valley in Arizona. The All-American Canal, which runs west to the Imperial Valley of California, is the largest irrigation canal in the world, capable of carrying – the entire natural flow of the Colorado prior to damming. The canal supplies more than half a million acres (2000 km) which due to its mild climate grows most of the winter produce in the United States. Below Imperial Dam the remnants of the Colorado river lessen in gradient and in its lower course flows through the Colorado

This is a document about All-American Canal
 signs reading "Warning: Dangerous Water" were also installed in 1,414 locations along the canal. These safety projects cost $1.1 million. The canal was featured in the 1957 horror movie "The Monster That Challenged the World". All-American Canal The All-American Canal is an 80-mile (130 km) long aqueduct, located in southeastern California. It conveys water from the Colorado River into the Imperial Valley and to nine cities. It is the Imperial Valley's only water source, and replaced the Alamo Canal, which was located mostly in Mexico. The Imperial Dam, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Yuma, Arizona on the Colorado

This is a document about Brock Reservoir
 water. The water saved in the reservoir will then be used when needed by farmers. The reservoir is operated remotely by the Imperial Irrigation District, which supplies water to farmers in California. The district can open and close the inlet and outlet gates and regulate the amount of water diverted into the reservoir and returned to the main system. The reservoir, named after an Imperial Valley farmer and agriculture researcher Warren H. Brock, solves the problem of unused Colorado River water in the All-American Canal being 'lost' to Mexico. When water is ordered by communities and farmers near the All

This is a document about Coachella Valley
 can also affect the valley. In 1976, Tropical Storm Kathleen brought torrential rain and catastrophic flooding to the Coachella Valley as it swept in from the Pacific, traversing the region from south to north. The irrigation of over of the Valley since the early 20th century has allowed widespread agriculture. In its 2006 annual report, the Coachella Valley Water District listed the year's total crop value at over $576 million or almost $12,000 per acre. The Coachella Canal, a concrete-lined aqueduct built between 1938 and 1948 as a branch of the All-American Canal, brings water from the Colorado River to

This is a document about Alamo Canal
 Pacific and assumed operation of the canal. Construction of the All-American Canal was completed in 1940. By 1942 the All-American Canal was the sole canal providing Colorado River water to the Imperial Valley. Alamo Canal The Alamo Canal () was a long waterway that connected the Colorado River to the head of the Alamo River. The canal was constructed to provide irrigation to the Imperial Valley. A small portion of the canal was located in the United States but the majority of the canal was located in Mexico. The Alamo Canal is also known as the Imperial Canal. Historically, the

This is a document about Imperial County, California
 productive farming regions in California with an annual crop production of over $1 billion. Agriculture is the largest industry in Imperial County and accounts for 48% of all employment. Although this region is a desert, with high temperatures and low average rainfall of three inches (75 mm) per year, the economy is heavily based on agriculture due to irrigation, which is supplied wholly from the Colorado River via the All-American Canal. A vast system of canals, check dams, and pipelines carry the water all over the valley, a system which forms the Imperial Irrigation District, or IID. The water distribution

The Imperial Valley gets almost all of its water from the Colorado River through the All-American Canal.


Question: in 2003 united states and british forces attacked the nation of

Answer: Iraq

This is a document about 2003 invasion of Iraq
 2003 invasion of Iraq The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War (also called "Operation Iraqi Freedom"). The invasion phase began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq. This early stage of the war formally ended on 1 May 2003 when U.S. President George W. Bush declared the "End of Major Combat Operations", after which the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established as the first of

This is a document about Royal Thai Armed Forces
 lasted from 25 October 1999 to 20 May 2002. After the successful US invasion of Iraq, Thailand contributed 423 non-combat troops in August 2003 to nation building and medical assistance in post-Saddam Iraq. Troops of the Royal Thai Army were attacked in the 2003 Karbala bombings, which killed two soldiers and wounded five others. However, the Thai mission in Iraq was considered an overall success, and Thailand withdrew its forces in August 2004. The mission is considered the main reason the United States decided to designate Thailand as a major non-NATO ally in 2003. The ongoing southern insurgency had begun

This is a document about 2003 invasion of Iraq
 on the USS Nassau. British 3 Commando Brigade, with the United States Marine Corps' 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit and the Polish Special Forces unit GROM attached, attacked the port of Umm Qasr. There they met with heavy resistance by Iraqi troops. A total of 14 Coalition troops and 30–40 Iraqi troops were killed, and 450 Iraqis taken prisoner. The British Army's 16 Air Assault Brigade also secured the oil fields in southern Iraq in places like Rumaila while the Polish commandos captured offshore oil platforms near the port, preventing their destruction. Despite the rapid advance of the invasion forces, some

This is a document about David D. McKiernan
 and U.S. Army Forces Central Command (ARCENT), and became the Coalition Forces Land Component Commander for U.S. Central Command in preparation for Operation Iraqi Freedom. In March 2003, General McKiernan led all coalition and U.S. conventional ground forces that attacked Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Following his assignment as ground forces commander, McKiernan was assigned as Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff for United States Army Forces Command, the largest major command in the Army which is responsible for the readiness and deployment of Army forces based in the United States. Then he assumed command of Seventh Army/U.S. Army

This is a document about Cluster munition
 Mine Action Centre. 1991: United States, France, and the United Kingdom dropped 61,000 cluster bombs, containing 20 million submunitions, on Iraq, according to the HRW. 2003-2006: United States and allies attacked Iraq with 13,000 cluster munitions, containing two million submunitions during Operation Iraqi Freedom, according to the HRW. At multiple times, coalition forces used cluster munitions in residential areas, and the country remains among the most contaminated to this day, bomblets posing a threat to both US military personnel in the area, and local civilians. When these weapons were fired on Baghdad on April 7, 2003 many of the bomblets

This is a document about Tikrit South Air Base
 Tikrit South Air Base Tikrit South Air Base is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Kirkuk Governorate of Iraq. It was captured by Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Tikrit South Air Base was an auxiliary air base for the Iraqi Air Force. It had a 9,100 foot runway, a parking ramp and a few support structures. It attacked by Coalition air forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom with numerous bomb craters visible in the main runway. It was abandoned by the Iraqi Air Force after March 2003. The United States Army established Forward Operating Base Packhorse

This is a document about Najaf
 Iraq, Najaf was a key target of the invading United States forces. The city was encircled during heavy fighting on March 26, 2003 and was captured on April 3, 2003. The clerical authorities of the Shī‘ī enclave of Sadr City in Baghdad, which claimed autonomy in April 2003, after the fall of Baghdad, claimed to be taking their orders from senior clerics in Najaf. On April 4, 2004, the Mahdi Army attacked the Spanish-Salvadoran-ALARNG base (Camp Golf, later renamed Camp Baker) in An Najaf, part of a coordinated uprising across central and southern Iraq in an apparent attempt to seize

This is a document about United Nations Security Council Resolution 1747
 Iran's nuclear programme. If attacked, Iran has vowed its readiness to retaliate in asymmetric warfare and by using its vast arsenal of missile forces to reach Tel Aviv. Comprehensive negotiations: Iran has agreed to hold further talks, without the precondition to halt its uranium enrichment programme. The United States has opposed this, even though it has agreed to hold direct talks relating to other subjects like the war in Iraq. In 2003, Iran was known to have made a similar confidential proposal to the United States through the Swiss Embassy in Tehran. Switzerland is the US protecting power in Iran

This is a document about Military history of the United States
 have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups. After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq

This is a document about Iraq
 to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq. In November 2002, the UN Security Council passed UNSCR 1441 and in March 2003 the US and its allies invaded Iraq. On 20 March 2003, a United States-organized coalition invaded Iraq, under the pretext that Iraq had failed to abandon its weapons of mass destruction program in violation of UN Resolution 687. This claim was based on documents provided by the CIA and the British government and were later found to be unreliable. Following the invasion, the United States established the Coalition Provisional Authority to govern Iraq. In May

This is a document about Basra
 of some of the heaviest fighting in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. British forces, led by the 7th Armoured Brigade, took the city on 6 April 2003. This city was the first stop for the United States and the United Kingdom during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. On 21 April 2004, a series of bomb blasts ripped through the city, killing 74 people. The Multi-National Division (South-East), under British Command, was engaged in Security and Stabilization missions in Basra Governorate and surrounding areas during this time. Political groups centred in Basra were reported to have close links with political parties

This is a document about Operation Ancient Babylon
 never had full control of the territory, suffering serious losses inflicted by the Iraqi resistance and by terrorist attacks. UN Resolution 1483 of 22 May 2003 approved by the United Nations Security Council calls on all states to contribute to the rebirth of Iraq, fostering the security of the Iraqi people and the development of the nation. Italy participates through the "Ancient Babylon" mission by providing armed forces in the south of the country, with a main base in Nassiriya. On April 15, 2003 the Chambers, through the approval of resolutions, authorized the Government to carry out a military mission

This is a document about History of Iraq (2003–2011)
 Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, who returned to Iraq after decades in exile shortly after the occupation began, said: "We are not afraid of the British or American troops. This country wants to keep its sovereignty and the forces of the coalition must leave it." Coalition forces denied the accusations of targeting unarmed civilians. They said they were fired upon and were returning fire. The violent insurgency began shortly after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and increased during the occupation. Originally, the insurgents targeted the coalition force (a majority of whom are from the United States and the United Kingdom) and

This is a document about Battle of Majar al-Kabir
 and remains a controversial subject within political and military circles. In March 2003, coalition forces started the invasion of Iraq that would become the Iraq War, lasting until 2011. Combat operations were announced by the then-President of the United States, George W. Bush, as being over on 1 May 2003. The south-eastern region of Iraq became part of the United Kingdom's Multi-National Division (South East) (MND (SE)) under the framework of Operation Telic. As part of their remit, the British forces were keen to remove all heavy weaponry from the region (anti-tank weapons, RPGs etc) and did so purposely. Whilst

This is a document about History of Iraq
 opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations" that had been set out in several previous UN resolutions, threatening "serious consequences" if the obligations were not fulfilled. The UN Security Council did not issue a resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. In March 2003, the United States and the United Kingdom, with military aid from other nations, invaded Iraq. In 2003, after the American and British invasion, Iraq was occupied by Coalition forces. On May 23, 2003, the UN Security Council unanimously approved a resolution lifting all economic sanctions against Iraq. As the country struggled to rebuild after three

This is a document about Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq
 United States planning teams. This was before the Government's announcement that Australia would join the United States and British buildup, but was conducted as contingency planning which did not imply a commitment to war. In keeping with its relatively small size, the Australian force made an important though limited contribution to Coalition operations during the invasion of Iraq. The Australian contribution was also geographically dispersed, with the Australian forces forming part of larger US and British units rather than a concentrated Australian unit. No Australian personnel were killed or taken prisoner during the war. Brigadier Maurie McNarn on 21 March

This is a document about 2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq
 later admitted was untrue. The widely discussed UN resolution was not brought up for formal vote after it became clear that it would not have passed due to opposition from France, Russia, and China. The United States invaded Iraq without UN support on March 20, 2003, initiating the Iraq War. 2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq The 2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq was, according to Ambassador John Negroponte, "a resolution to have the Council decide that Iraq is not complying, is out of compliance, with Resolution 1441". Initially introduced on February 24, 2003 and amended on March

This is a document about Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
  The 2003 invasion of Iraq (19 March – 1 May 2003) began the Iraq War, or Operation Iraqi Freedom, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland invaded Iraq and toppled the government of Saddam Hussein within 21 days of major combat operations. The invasion phase consisted of a conventionally fought war which concluded with the capture of the Iraq capital Baghdad by U.S. forces. Four countries participated with troops during the initial invasion phase, which lasted from 19 March to 9 April 2003. These were the United States (148,000), United Kingdom

This is a document about Timeline of United States military operations
  The United States leads a coalition that includes the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland to invade Iraq with the stated goal being "to disarm Iraq in pursuit of peace, stability, and security both in the Gulf region and in the United States." ; 2003: Liberia: Second Liberian Civil War, On June 9, 2003, President Bush reported that on June 8 he had sent about 35 U.S. Marines into Monrovia, Liberia, to help secure the U.S. Embassy in Nouakchott, Mauritania, and to aid in any necessary evacuation from either Liberia or Mauritania. ; 2003: Georgia and Djibouti: "US combat equipped and

This is a document about United Kingdom–United States relations
  advocating the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Again Britain was second only to the US in sending forces to Iraq. Both sides wound down after 2009, and withdrew their last troops in 2011. President Bush and Prime Minister Blair provided sustained mutual political and diplomatic support and won votes in Congress and parliament against their critics at home. During this period Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld said that "America has no finer ally than the United Kingdom." The 7 July 2005 London bombings emphasised the difference in the nature of the terrorist threat to both nations. The United States concentrated primarily on global enemies, like the al-Qaeda network and other Islamic extremists from the Middle East. The London

 Iraq

Question:Which countries contributed troops to the 2003 invasion of Iraq?

Answer: The United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia were the main contributors to the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Other countries, such as Poland, Romania, and the Netherlands, also contributed troops.

Question:What was the role of the Royal Thai Army in the Iraq War?

Answer: The Royal Thai Army sent 243 non-combat troops to Iraq in 2003 to assist in post-war reconstruction and medical


Question: who was the primary scientist that led the manhattan project

Answer: Robert Oppenheimer

This is a document about Manhattan Project
 Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; "Manhattan" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire

This is a document about Shell Development Emeryville
 the comforts of a socialistic work environment within a corporate giant of capitalism. Because of competitive disadvantages the company would experience if employees could publish freely, Shell Development scientists often experienced the minimal professional recognition compared to scientists in academia. Shell Development's senior scientific ranks included scientists who had been graduate students of Glenn Seaborg, a Berkeley scientist who pioneered techniques to create and verify transuranium elements. Shell Development also bore the indirect imprint of Robert Oppenheimer, director of the Manhattan Project. Manhattan Project alumni worked at Shell / Emeryville, and Oppenheimer himself is asserted to have been an offstage

This is a document about Government scientist
 Government scientist A government scientist is a scientist employed by a country's government, either in a research-driven job (for example J. Robert Oppenheimer on the Manhattan Project), or for another role that requires scientific training and methods. In some countries other terms such Technical officers is also used for scientists. In Australia, most government scientists are employed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. A Chief Scientist is appointed to advise the government through the Office of the Chief Scientist. In Singapore, government scientists are classified according to the Departmental Titles (Alteration) (Amendment) Act 1996, which amended the Departmental

This is a document about Government scientist
 public health monitoring agencies. Government scientist A government scientist is a scientist employed by a country's government, either in a research-driven job (for example J. Robert Oppenheimer on the Manhattan Project), or for another role that requires scientific training and methods. In some countries other terms such Technical officers is also used for scientists. In Australia, most government scientists are employed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. A Chief Scientist is appointed to advise the government through the Office of the Chief Scientist. In Singapore, government scientists are classified according to the Departmental Titles (Alteration) (Amendment) Act 1996,

This is a document about 20th-century events
 the 1930s, innovations in physics made it apparent that it could be possible to develop nuclear weapons of incredible power using nuclear reactions. When World War II broke out, scientists and advisors among the Allies feared that Nazi Germany may have been trying to develop its own atomic weapons, and the United States and the United Kingdom pooled their efforts in what became known as the Manhattan Project to beat them to it. At the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico, scientist Robert Oppenheimer led a team of the world's top scientists to develop the first nuclear weapons, the

This is a document about Manhattan (TV series)
 on February 2, 2016, after its second season, becoming the first WGN America original series to be canceled. Set in 1943 and 1944 at the time of the Manhattan Project, the series focuses on Los Alamos, New Mexico, a town the outside world knows nothing about. The federal government tells the scientists only what they need to know, while the scientists keep secrets from their families. Though the TV show is not intended to be historically accurate, it does reference many aspects of the actual Manhattan Project, and some actual historical figures such as head scientist Robert Oppenheimer. However, other

This is a document about Oppenheimer security hearing
 Oppenheimer security hearing The Oppenheimer security hearing was a 1954 proceeding by the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) that explored the background, actions, and associations of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the American scientist who had headed the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, where he played a key part in the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb. The hearing resulted in Oppenheimer's Q clearance being revoked. This marked the end of his formal relationship with the government of the United States, and generated considerable controversy regarding whether the treatment of Oppenheimer was fair, or whether it was an

This is a document about Synchrony (The X-Files)
 derivative of his previous episode. Eventually, the duo read an article in "Scientific American" about time travel: the article claimed that while classical physics does not allow for temporal displacement, quantum physics does. Gordon and Greenwalt were intrigued by the concept and decided to re-situate their episode around a related premise. Gordon decided that the most affecting and "X-Files"-like story should involve a time-traveler who "turns out to be you". Howard was inspired to make the main antagonist a regretful scientist after hearing the story of Manhattan Project physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer berating U.S. President Harry S. Truman for using

This is a document about Jewish culture
  a large variety of fields of physics including the Big Bang theory (Einstein's General relativity influenced Georges Lemaître), Quantum mechanics and nuclear energy. The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II and many Jewish scientists had a significant role in the project. The theoretical physicist Robert Oppenheimer, often considered the "father of the atomic bomb", was chosen to direct the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1942. The physicist Leó Szilárd, that conceived the nuclear chain reaction; Edward Teller, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" and Stanislaw Ulam; Eugene

This is a document about African-American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project
  The Manhattan Project was a massive research and development initiative led by the United States during World War II, to design and build the first atomic weapons. The project was coordinated under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Research and production of fissile material and weapons development took place at more than thirty sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Key sites included Columbia University where researchers considered the theoretical foundations, feasibility and design issues of dealing with atomic particles while carrying out experiments with the Columbia cyclotron; Oak Ridge, Tennessee where researchers developed methods for uranium processing,

This is a document about Smyth Report
  Smyth possessed security clearances necessary to visit project sites, access documents and to discuss the work with the research personnel. Groves approved Smyth's request to hire another Princeton physicist, Lincoln G. Smith, as a research assistant. A letter to the Manhattan Project's senior managers, Kenneth Nichols, Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, Harold Urey, and Franklin Matthias, explained:"The purpose is to give clearly and promptly recognition to those who have worked so long and necessarily so anonymously ... To accomplish his purpose, Dr. Smyth must have rather complete information concerning your phase of the project including access to necessary documents ... [and] information and advice from you and

This is a document about Military history of Jewish Americans
  on the project. There, along with Fermi, he helped to construct the first "neutronic reactor", a uranium and graphite "atomic pile" in which the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was achieved, during 1942. Szilárd became a naturalized citizen of the United States during 1943. J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967) was appointed the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II project that developed the first nuclear weapons. He is often referred to as the "father of the atomic bomb". Oppenheimer was born to Julius S. Oppenheimer, who had immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1888 with his parents and become a wealthy Jewish textile importer,

This is a document about Project Alberta
  The Manhattan Project began in October 1941, just before U.S. entry into World War II. Most of the project was concerned with producing the necessary fissile materials, but in early 1943, the project director, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves Jr., created the Los Alamos Laboratory, also known as Project Y, under the direction of Robert Oppenheimer to design and build atomic bombs. Within the Los Alamos Laboratory, responsibility for delivery lay with its Ordnance Division, headed by Captain William S. Parsons. With the Ordnance Division, the E-7 Group was created with responsibility for the integration of design and delivery. Led by physicist Norman F. Ramsey, it consisted of himself, Sheldon Dike and Bernard Waldman. The size of the 17 ft Thin Man bomb under development at Los Alamos in 1943

This is a document about J. Robert Oppenheimer
  J. Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist who was professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Oppenheimer was the wartime head of the Los Alamos Laboratory and is among those who are credited with being the "father of the atomic bomb" for their role in the Manhattan Project – the World War II undertaking that developed the first nuclear weapons. Oppenheimer was among those who observed the Trinity test in New Mexico, where the first atomic bomb was successfully detonated on July 16, 1945. He later remarked that the explosion brought

This is a document about Alsos Mission
  The Manhattan Project was a research-and-development program, operated during and immediately after World War II. Led by the United States with contributions principally from the United Kingdom and Canada, it aimed to produce an atomic bomb. Brigadier General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers became its director in September 1942. The project operated under a tight blanket of security lest its discovery induce Axis powers, particularly Germany, to accelerate their own nuclear projects or to undertake covert operations against the project. The Manhattan Project intelligence staff believed that the Japanese atomic program was not far advanced because Japan had little access

This is a document about Manhattan Project
  The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District as its first headquarters were in Manhattan; the placename gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys.

This is a document about Metallurgical Laboratory
  as part of the Metallurgical Project, also known as the "Pile" or "X-10" Project, headed by Chicago professor Arthur H. Compton, a Nobel Prize laureate. In turn, this was part of the Manhattan Project – the Allied effort to develop the atomic bomb during World War II. The Metallurgical Laboratory was successively led by Richard L. Doan, Samuel K. Allison, Joyce C. Stearns and Farrington Daniels. Scientists who worked there included Enrico Fermi, James Franck, Eugene Wigner and Glenn Seaborg. At its peak on 1 July 1944, it had 2,008 staff. Chicago Pile-1 was soon moved by the lab to a more remote site in the Argonne Forest, where its original

This is a document about Shell Development Emeryville
  Shell Development for decades provided the comforts of a socialistic work environment within a corporate giant of capitalism. Because of competitive disadvantages the company would experience if employees could publish freely, Shell Development scientists often experienced the minimal professional recognition compared to scientists in academia. Shell Development's senior scientific ranks included scientists who had been graduate students of Glenn Seaborg, a Berkeley scientist who pioneered techniques to create and verify transuranium elements. Shell Development also bore the indirect imprint of Robert Oppenheimer, director of the Manhattan Project. Manhattan Project alumni worked at Shell / Emeryville, and Oppenheimer himself is asserted to have been an offstage force in unionizing parts of Shell Development's workforce. After Shell

This is a document about Science and technology in the United States
  produced the world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. Many other scientists of note moved to the US during this same emigration wave, including Niels Bohr, Victor Weisskopf, Otto Stern, and Eugene Wigner. Several scientific and technological breakthroughs during the Atomic Age were the handiwork of such immigrants, who recognized the potential threats and uses of new technology. For instance, it was the German professor Einstein and his Hungarian colleague, Leó Szilárd, who took the initiative and convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to pursue the pivotal Manhattan Project. Many physicists instrumental to the project were also European immigrants, such as the Hungarian Edward Teller,

J. Robert Oppenheimer was the primary scientist that led the Manhattan Project. He was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, where the actual bombs were designed.


Question: when was the last full copper penny made

Answer: 1857

This is a document about Penny (United States coin)
 make a lower-pitched "clunk", while the copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound. In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz. Mintage figures for the Lincoln cent can be found at Lincoln cent mintage figures. The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony through present dollars). The following types of cents have been produced: Large cents: Small cents: Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several

This is a document about Large cent
 Large cent The United States large cent was a coin with a face value of 1/100 of a United States dollar. Its nominal diameter was 1 inch (28.57 mm). The first official mintage of the large cent was in 1793, and its production continued until 1857, when it was officially replaced by the modern-size one-cent coin (commonly called the penny). Large cents were made of nearly pure copper, or copper as pure as it emerged from smelting, without any deliberate addition of other metals (such as occurs in bronze). First struck in 1793, the large cent was coined every year

This is a document about Coppermill Stream
 Coppermills Lane and skirting Walthamstow Marshes before passing under the Lea Valley Lines and merging with the River Lee Navigation at the Lee Valley Marina close to Springfield Park. The stream is named after the Coppermill. The mill was purchased by British Copper Company in 1808. The smelted copper was brought to the mill from Landore, Swansea, Wales via the Thames by barge. The copper ingots were used to produce penny and halfpenny tokens. Production ceased in 1857. Before milling copper the mill can be traced back to the 14th century when corn was ground . In the 1670s the

This is a document about Canadian pound
 for 1 cent. However, the currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards when Prince Edward island joined the Dominion of Canada. Both Upper Canada (Canada West, modern southern Ontario) and Lower Canada (Canada East, modern southern Quebec) issued copper tokens. Between 1835 and 1852, the Bank of Montreal, the Banque du Peuple, the City Bank and the Quebec Bank issued 1- and 2-"sou" (- and 1-penny) tokens for use in Lower Canada. The Bank of Upper Canada issued - and 1-penny tokens between 1850 and 1857. On notes issued by the chartered banks, denominations

This is a document about History of the British penny (1901–1970)
  coin was struck at a loss; the Mint hoped for a reduction in size, and the demonetisation of the farthing at the end of 1960 helped clear the way for such a scheme. It was not until 1961 that there was a need for more pennies to be minted, and production continued each year in very large numbers until the final pre-decimal pennies for circulation, dated 1967, were coined. The old bronze penny was slated for elimination as decimal currency was planned in the 1960s. It continued to be struck after 1967, still bearing that date. The 97 percent copper, 0.5 percent tin, 2.5 percent zinc alloy was used again for the 1960s pennies. Finally, there was an issue of

This is a document about Penny
  Throughout the 18th century, the British government did not mint pennies for general circulation and the bullion value of the existing silver pennies caused them to be withdrawn from circulation. Merchants and mining companies—such as Anglesey's Parys Mining Co.—began to issue their own copper tokens to fill the need for small change. Finally, amid the Napoleonic Wars, the government authorized Matthew Boulton to mint copper pennies and twopences at Soho Mint in Birmingham in 1797. Typically, 1 lb. of copper produced 24 pennies. In 1860, the copper penny was replaced with a bronze one (95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc). Each pound of bronze was coined into 48 pennies.

This is a document about History of the British penny (1714–1901)
  1797 industrialist Matthew Boulton gained a contract to produce official pennies at his Soho Mint in Birmingham; he struck millions of pennies over the next decade. After that, it was not until 1825 that pennies were struck again for circulation, and the copper penny continued to be issued until 1860. By the late 1850s, the state of the copper coinage was deemed unsatisfactory, with quantities of worn oversized pieces, some dating from Boulton's day, still circulating. They were replaced by lighter bronze coins beginning in 1860; the "Bun penny", named for the hairstyle of Queen Victoria on it, was issued from then until 1894. The final years of Victoria's reign saw the "Veiled head" or "Old head" pennies, which were coined from 1895 until her death in 1901.

This is a document about History of the British penny (1901–1970)
  at full face value by the Mint until 1873) and in 1877 for the colonies. King George's pennies were produced in the same alloy as before until 1922, but the following year the composition of bronze coins was set at 95.5 percent copper, 3 percent tin, and 1.5 percent zinc, although the weight remained at 1/3 oz and the diameter 1.2 in. This alloy was slightly more malleable; the lessened force needed to strike pennies helped minimise ghosting. No pennies were struck for the years 1923, 1924 or 1925; this was due to lack of demand as the interwar years

This is a document about Penny (Canadian coin)
  Based on technical specifications provided by the Mint Act, only pennies produced from 1982 to their discontinuation in 2013 are still legally "circulation coins". From May 2006 to October 2008, all circulation Canadian pennies from 1942 to 1996 had a melt value of over CA$0.02 based on the increasing spot price of copper in the commodity markets. The break-even price for a 2.8 g solid copper penny is US$1.61/lb, with prices during this period reaching as high as US$4/lb.

This is a document about Penny (United States coin)
  The composition of the penny has varied over time: The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects the copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 reflect the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records. In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 to 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made

This is a document about History of the British penny (1901–1970)
  quality coins dated 1970 for collectors, to bid farewell to a denomination which had served the country well for 1200 years. The longstanding depiction of Britannia on the penny was translated by sculptor Christopher Ironside to the post-decimal fifty-pence coin. The Decimal Currency Board had anticipated the need for a transition of up to 18 months after Decimal Day, 15 February 1971, but the "old penny" quickly vanished from circulation and it ceased to be legal tender after 31 August 1971. It had been the last survivor of the three bronze coins, as the halfpenny had been withdrawn in 1969. With decimalisation the new penny carried a value of 1/100 of a pound, 2.4 times the value of its predecessor.

This is a document about Penny (British pre-decimal coin)
  large number of specimen sets were issued in 1953 for Elizabeth II's Coronation. At least one 1954 penny was struck, apparently for private internal purposes at the Royal Mint, but it was not until 1961 that there was a need for more pennies to be minted, and production continued each year until 1967, and afterwards (as pennies continued to be minted with the date 1967 until 1970). The 97% copper, 0.5% tin, 2.5% zinc alloy was used again for the 1960s pennies. Finally, there was an issue of proof quality coins dated 1970 produced to bid farewell to the denomination.

This is a document about Royal Canadian Mint
  Despite the Mint being named as one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. from 2007 to 2010, reports of racism and sexual harassment surfaced in 2021. A subsequent external report described the workplace culture as "toxic". In March 2012 the Canadian Government decided to cease the production of pennies. The final penny was minted at the RCM's Winnipeg, Manitoba, plant on the morning of May 4, 2012. In April 2012, the Mint announced it was developing MintChip, a digital currency to allow anonymous transactions backed by the Government of Canada and denominated in a variety of currencies.

This is a document about History of the British penny (1901–1970)
  introduce decimalisation in the 1960s did not favour keeping the large bronze penny, the value of which had been eroded by inflation. The last pennies which went into circulation were dated 1967—a final proof set was dated 1970. The old pennies quickly went out of use after Decimal Day, 15 February 1971—there was no exact decimal equivalent of them, and the slogan "use your old pennies in sixpenny lots" explained that pennies and "threepenny bits" were only accepted in shops if their total value was six old pence (exactly 2 1⁄2 new pence). The old penny was demonetised on 31 August of that year.

This is a document about Coins of the United States dollar
 1) The mass and composition of the cent changed to the current copper-plated zinc core in 1982. Both types were minted in 1982 with no distinguishing mark. Cents minted in 1943 were struck on planchets punched from zinc-coated steel which left the resulting edges uncoated. This caused many of these coins to rust. These "steel pennies" are not likely to be found in circulation today, as they were later intentionally removed from circulation for recycling the metal and by collectors. However, cents minted from 1944 to 1946 were made from a special salvaged WWII brass composition to replace the steel cents, but still save material for

This is a document about British West African pound
   In 1907, aluminium 1⁄10 penny and cupro-nickel 1 penny coins were introduced. Both coins were holed. In 1908, cupro-nickel replaced aluminium in the 1⁄10 penny and, in 1911, holed, cupro-nickel ½ penny coins were introduced. In 1913, silver 3 and 6 pence, 1 and 2 shillings were introduced. In 1920, brass replaced silver in these denominations. In 1938, larger, cupro-nickel 3 pence coins were introduced, with nickel-brass replacing brass in the higher denominations. In 1952, bronze replaced cupro-nickel in the 1⁄10, ½ and 1 penny coins. The last coins of British West Africa (pennies) were struck in 1958.

This is a document about Coinage metals
  This leads to the possibility of smelters taking coins and melting them down for the scrap value of the metal. Pre-1992 British pennies were made of 97% copper; but as of 2008, based on the price of copper, the value of a penny from this period is 1.5 new-pence. Modern British pennies are now made of copper-plated steel. For similar reasons, American pennies (cents) were once made of copper alloys, but since 1982 have been made of copper-plated zinc. This problem has led to nearly the end of use for a common base metal alloy for everyday coinage in the 20th century, called cupronickel, with varying proportions

This is a document about Farthing (English coin)
  In 1684 and 1685 farthings made of tin with a small central copper plug were produced – they weighed 5.4–6.0 grams and had a diameter of 23–24 millimetres, and had the same inscriptions as the copper farthings. Very few 1685 farthings were produced because the king died on 8 February 1684, in the Old-Style calendar (i.e. when 24 March 1684 would be followed by 25 March 1685, New Year's Day). The tin farthings had an inscription NVMMORVM FAMVLVS – a subsidiary coinage – plus the date on the edge rather than on the reverse. For the reign of king James II, the copper-plugged tin farthings continued to be produced, with examples dated in all years between 1684 and 1687. The obverse had a

This is a document about History of the British penny (1714–1901)
  copper coins soon vanished from towns; progress in rural areas was more gradual. The pre-1860 copper penny was demonetised after 1869 in Britain (though accepted at full face value by the Mint until 1873) and in 1877 for the colonies. The obverse of the new penny read VICTORIA D G BRITT REG F D. The Mint had intended to render it with the abbreviation BRIT, and some after the coins' release argued it should have done, but Gladstone had intervened to invoke the rule that the last consonant of a Latin abbreviation should be doubled to indicate the plural. The coin is dubbed the "Bun

The last full copper penny was made in 1857.


Question: who played in last year 's superbowl 2017

Answer: New England Patriots

This is a document about Super Bowl LI
 Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their

This is a document about NFL Kickoff Game
  both quarterbacks who started games in 2015 left the team; Peyton Manning (who played the entirety of Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their

This is a document about Super Bowl LII
  Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season. It was also the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city. New England finished the

This is a document about 2017 NFL season
  The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL) and the 52nd of the Super Bowl era. The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Eagles defeated the Patriots 41–33 to win their first Super Bowl title, and fourth NFL championship, in franchise history. For the second time since the league expanded to a 16-game season, a team finished winless in a full season, as the Cleveland Browns lost all sixteen of their games this season. For the second consecutive year, a team relocated to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, as the former San Diego Chargers announced their intent to do so in January 2017.

This is a document about Super Bowl LI
  Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28. Super Bowl LI featured the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, with the Patriots overcoming a 28–3 deficit to emerge victorious. Due to the comeback, the Falcons' blown 28–3 lead would enter NFL lore. The game was also the first and currently only Super Bowl to be decided in

This is a document about 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season
  The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, their 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. Philadelphia won its first-ever Super Bowl title, as well as the franchise's first World Championship since 1960.They defeated Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. The Eagles improved from their 7–9 record from 2016, reaching a record of 13–3, and tying their 2004 season for the most wins in a season franchise history, though the 1949 team and the 1960 team had higher winning percentages. They, along with the Minnesota Vikings, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New

This is a document about NFL on NBC
  NFL.com and NBCSports.com) for the second time and mobile devices (via Verizon Wireless's NFL Mobile app). The game marked Al Michaels ninth time conducting play-by-play for a Super Bowl (Michaels had previously done play-by-play for Super Bowls XXII, XXV, XXIX, XXXIV, XXXVII and XL for ABC and XLIII and XLVI for NBC). NBC's coverage of Super Bowl LII between the Philadelphia Eagles and New England Patriots at the end of the 2017 season highlighted a play that would become known as the "Philly Special". On the play, Philadelphia quarterback Nick Foles moved up to behind his offensive line and the ball was directly snapped to running back Corey Clement.

This is a document about Three-peat
  In the National Football League (NFL), a Super Bowl championship three-peat has not been accomplished. Two-time defending Super Bowl champions who failed to three-peat include the Green Bay Packers (1968), Miami Dolphins (1974), Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: 1976, 1980), San Francisco 49ers (1990), Dallas Cowboys (1994), Denver Broncos (1999), and New England Patriots (2005). All of these teams failed to return to the title game in the third season (indicated in parentheses). The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls from 1990–1993 which is a feat unmatched in NFL history, however they lost in every appearance. The New England Patriots are the most recent team to play in three consecutive Super Bowls from 2016–2018, winning Super Bowl LI (2016) and Super Bowl LIII (2018),

This is a document about NBC Sunday Night Football
  The 2017 NFL schedule was released on April 20. NBC's first telecast of the season featured the NFL Kickoff Game between Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots and the Kansas City Chiefs. In Week 7, a Sunday night game was scheduled between the Atlanta Falcons and the New England Patriots in a highly-anticipated rematch of Super Bowl LI thus making 2017 the second consecutive season in which a rematch of the previous year's Super Bowl was played during the regular season. This was completely coincidental, as inter-conference opponents only meet once every four years during the regular season. The Patriots won the rematch

This is a document about Brian Flores
  decision to start Jacoby Brissett for the next 3 games, where he would go 2-3 as a starter which included a close Week 3 loss to the Las Vegas Raiders 28–31 in overtime, a 17–27 loss to Brissett's former team, the Indianapolis Colts, as well as a Week 5 blowout loss to the defending Super Bowl champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers 17–45, led by Tom Brady, whom Brissett backed up in 2016 as a member of the New England Patriots, and along with Jimmy Garoppolo, started in place of Brady during his 4-week Deflategate suspension in 2016. On October 17, 2021, Flores and his team travelled to London,

This is a document about List of Super Bowl champions
  appeared in and lost Super Bowl LII to the Philadelphia Eagles following the 2017 season, giving them four Super Bowl appearances in five years and putting them one win away from three consecutive Super Bowl titles. Moreover, in the intervening year, were eliminated in the AFC Championship Game by the eventual Super Bowl 50 champion Denver Broncos. In total, then, the Patriots were three wins away from five consecutive Super Bowl titles. ; The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC Championship Game, two wins short of a three-peat, by

This is a document about Comeback (sports)
  of points in NFL history, postseason or regular season. This has been referred to as "the greatest comeback in NFL history". Another prominent example of a comeback came in Super Bowl LI, played on February 5, 2017, where the New England Patriots, down by 25 points in the third quarter, would eventually defeat the Atlanta Falcons in overtime, 34–28, for its second championship title in three years. The 2006 Michigan State vs. Northwestern football game featured the largest comeback in NCAA Division I-A history, when the Michigan State Spartans rallied to score 38 unanswered points to beat the Northwestern Wildcats 41–38 after falling behind 38–3 with 9:54 left in the 3rd quarter. In the

This is a document about Super Bowl LIII
  Super Bowl LIII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2018 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Los Angeles Rams, 13–3. The game was played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia and was the first Super Bowl played at the stadium. The Patriots' victory was their sixth, tying the Pittsburgh Steelers for the most Super Bowl championships. New England, after finishing the regular season with an 11–5 record, advanced to their 11th Super Bowl appearance,

This is a document about Super Bowl 50
  AFC Championship Game, joining the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl. This record would later be broken the next season, in 2017, when the Patriots advanced to their ninth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl LI. This marked the third time in history that the Super Bowl pitted the top defense against the top offense, after Super Bowls XXXVII and XLVIII. The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Denver recorded seven sacks and forced four turnovers. Carolina likewise kept pace by recording five

This is a document about Cinderella (sports)
  Kansas City Chiefs 31–13 in the AFC divisional round. This season also marked the end of an era for the Colts, as Andrew Luck announced his retirement on August 24, 2019, after playing only 7 years in the league. ; 2018 Philadelphia Eagles — A year after winning their first Super Bowl title over the New England Patriots, the Eagles had hopes of defending such title and winning consecutive Super Bowls for the first time since the Patriots did so in the 2004 season. Quarterback Carson Wentz, whom was sidelined during the final weeks of the 2017 season, returned from

This is a document about 2017 New England Patriots season
  The 2017 New England Patriots season was the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League, the 58th overall and the 18th under head coach Bill Belichick. The New England Patriots entered the season as the defending champions of Super Bowl LI. They failed to match their 14–2 record from last season with their Week 14 loss to the Miami Dolphins. Despite that, in Week 15, the Patriots secured their 9th consecutive AFC East title, their 15th of the last 17 seasons, with their victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers. With their win over the Buffalo Bills in week 16, the Patriots obtained their 8th consecutive 12-or-more win season stretching all

This is a document about 2011 in sports
 Super Bowl XLV – the Green Bay Packers (NFC) won 31–25 over the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC) ; Location: AT&T Stadium ; Attendance: 103,219 ; MVP: Aaron Rodgers, QB (Green Bay) ; January 8 - Peyton Manning plays his final game in an Indianapolis Colts uniform, a 16–17 loss to the New York Jets in the Wild Card round. The next season Manning would sit out the entire 2011 season to undergo neck surgeries and in that offseason, was released by the Colts and subsequently signed with the Denver Broncos in free agency, where he led them to 5 straight playoff appearances, Super Bowl XLVIII, and to their 3rd

This is a document about History of the Dallas Cowboys
  Super Bowl LII to the Philadelphia Eagles after the 2017 season by winning Super Bowl LIII 13–3 against the Los Angeles Rams the next season. ; The first NFL team to lose the Super Bowl after winning it the previous year. After defeating the Denver Broncos 27–10 in Super Bowl XII following the 1977 season, they were defeated by the Pittsburgh Steelers 35–31 in Super Bowl XIII following the 1978 season.  This has only happened five times since: The Washington Redskins lost Super Bowl XVIII 38–9 to the Raiders a year after winning Super Bowl XVII 27–17 against the Miami Dolphins, the Green Bay Packers lost Super Bowl XXXII 31–24 to the Denver

This is a document about Super Bowl XL
  Super Bowl XL was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2005 season. The Steelers defeated the Seahawks by the score of 21–10. The game was played on February 5, 2006, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. It is currently the most recent Super Bowl broadcast on ABC, and the first where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. With the win, the Steelers tied the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys with the then-record five Super Bowl victories (a record the Steelers themselves would

This is a document about 2017–18 NFL playoffs
  The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Several teams broke long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own NFL record, and the Eagles snapping a 57-year championship drought and claiming their first in the Super Bowl era. For the first time since 2013–14, no games went to overtime.

The New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons played in Super Bowl LI in 2017.