Question: when did the i 9 form became a requirement

Answer: November 6 , 1986

This is a document about Form I-9
 employment in the United States. The I-9 form, or more properly the Employment Eligibility Verification Form, is provided by the federal government for that purpose. Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I-9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner. The I-9 is not required for unpaid volunteers or for contractors. However, a company

This is a document about Form I-9
  The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) required employers to verify that all newly hired employees presented facially valid documentation verifying the employee's identity and legal authorization to accept employment in the United States. The I-9 form, or more properly the Employment Eligibility Verification Form, is provided by the federal government for that purpose. Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I-9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner. The

This is a document about Form I-9
  Form I-9, officially the Employment Eligibility Verification, is a United States Citizenship and Immigration Services form. Mandated by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, it is used to verify the identity and legal authorization to work of all paid employees in the United States. All U.S. employers must ensure proper completion of Form I-9 for each individual they hire for employment in the United States.

This is a document about Form I-9
  is not required for unpaid volunteers or for contractors. However, a company could still find itself liable if it contracts work to a contractor it knows either is or employs unauthorized workers. Multiple versions of Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, have been issued since the form was first introduced in 1987; not all versions are valid for use. Currently, only forms showing the following revision date are valid: "Rev. 07/17/2017 N*". If an employee cannot read or cannot write in English, a translator or preparer may complete the form and sign it on behalf of the employee. The form also requires the employee's own signature. In October 2004, new legislation made it possible to complete the I-9 electronically.

This is a document about Employment authorization document
  required to verify the identity and employment authorization of their employees; for the very first time, this reform "made it a crime for undocumented immigrants to work" in the United States. The Employment Eligibility Verification document (I-9) was required to be used by employers to "verify the identity and employment authorization of individuals hired for employment in the United States". While this form is not to be submitted unless requested by government officials, it is required that all employers have an I-9 form from each of their employees, which they must be retain for three years after day of hire or one year after employment is terminated.

This is a document about Form I-9
  Employers must retain a Form I-9 for all current employees. Employers must also retain a Form I-9 for three years after the date of hire, or one year after the date employment ends, whichever is later. Employers must show their employees' I-9 form any time the immigration or labor authority requests it.

This is a document about Form 1099-MISC
  In 1918, Form 1099 was created by the Internal Revenue Service for use with the 1917 tax year. At the time, employers were required to use the form to report salaries paid in excess of $800.

This is a document about E-Verify
  The program was originally established in 1997 as the Basic Pilot Program along with two other programs created to prevent undocumented immigrants from getting jobs. The others were discontinued. In the two years since Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) finalized the regulations for electronically storing and/or generating I-9 records there has also been a steady increase in the number of administrative I-9 audits – where employers are asked to deliver their I-9 records to ICE within 72 hours for inspection. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Verification Division reported that over 16,000 E-Verify compliance letters were issued in Fiscal Year 2010. Another 13,000 letters and over 26,000 emails were sent to employers in Fiscal Year 2011. Additionally, another 23,000 e-mails were sent in the first half of Fiscal Year 2012, alone.

This is a document about Form 990
  in 2000, political organizations were required to file Form 990. In June 2007, the IRS released a revised Form 990 that requires significant disclosures on corporate governance and boards of directors. These new disclosures are required for all filers for the 2009 tax year, with more significant reporting requirements for organizations with either revenues exceeding $1 million or assets exceeding $2.5 million. In 2010, the minimum threshold of when an organization is required to file Form 990 was increased; the minimum annual gross receipts was increased from $100,000 to $200,000 and the minimum assets was increased from $250,000 to $500,000. With the availability of the internet, access

This is a document about Education in China
 1) Continuity. Students finish education from the elementary school to the middle school. ; 2) The principle of proximity. Students enter into the nearby school instead of middle school entrance examination. ; 3) Unity. Schools that carry out the 9-year System practice unified management in school administration, teaching and education. The Law on Nine-Year Compulsory Education (中华人民共和国义务教育法), which took effect on 1 July 1986, established requirements and deadlines for attaining universal education tailored to local conditions and guaranteed school-age children the right to receive at least nine years of education (six-year primary education and three years secondary education). People's congresses at various local levels were, within certain guidelines and according

This is a document about Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
  2004, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Section 7209 of that law required that U.S. citizens, as well as nationals of neighboring jurisdictions who had been previously exempted from the passport requirement, present a passport or other document specified by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to enter the United States. The law set a deadline of January 1, 2008 for the new requirement to take effect. In 2006, the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007 postponed this deadline to June 1, 2009. The implementation of the

This is a document about Form 990
  Form 990 was first used for the tax year ending in 1941. It was as a two-page form. Organizations were also required to include a schedule with the names and addresses of individuals paid a salary of at least $4,000 during the year and a schedule with the names and addresses of donors who had given at least $4,000 during the year. Form 990 reached four pages including instructions in 1947. Compensation of officers was reported separately on organizations' income statements but organizations were no longer required to include a schedule with the names and addresses of highly compensated individuals. Organizations were required to include a schedule

This is a document about Student and Exchange Visitor Program
  INS receiving and maintaining up-to-date records from schools. As a result of these findings, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 directed the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to develop and conduct a program to collect certain information on nonimmigrant foreign students and exchange visitors from approved institutions of higher education and designated exchange visitor programs. In June 1997, the INS launched a pilot program for a centralized electronic reporting system for institutions, called the Coordinated Interagency Partnership Regulating International Students (CIPRIS). The CIPRIS pilot officially ended in October 1999, as the INS felt

This is a document about Sensitive security information
  No. 109–13) required DHS to establish standards for driver's licenses that Federal agencies could accept for official identification purposes, including "boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft." Title 6 CFR Part 37 was published January 29, 2008, and requires a security plan and related vulnerability assessments that are defined as SSI and governed by 49 CFR 1520. The Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2006 (Pub. L. No. 109-90, codified at 6 U.S.C. § 114) required DHS to provide department-wide policies for designating, safeguarding, and marking documents as SSI, along with auditing and accountability procedures. The Act also required that DHS report to Congress the number of SSI Coordinators within DHS, and

This is a document about Cost basis
 Equities acquired on or after January 1, 2011 ; Mutual fund and dividend reinvestment plan (DRiP) shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012. ; Financial instruments such as debt securities, options and private placements acquired on or after January 1, 2014 Cost Basis Reporting is a term used in the financial services industry that refers to identifying the actual cost of a security for income tax purposes. Cost basis reporting became mandatory on January 1, 2011. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 – popularly known as the “bailout bill” – was signed into law on October 3, 2008 to address the mounting global financial crisis. The Act also had important cost basis ramifications, because Section 403 contained provisions that place significant cost basis-related requirements on brokers and other intermediaries who report their clients’ adjusted cost basis on IRS Form 1099. Under the new

This is a document about October 1961
 Maurice Papon, the Paris Chief of Police, issued a religion-specific curfew against all "Muslim Algerian workers" within the jurisdiction of his prefecture, even though they were considered citizens of France. The curfew order decreed that the Muslims were "advised most urgently" to stay indoors between 8:30 pm and 5:30 am.  A protest by 30,000 of the affected persons twelve days later led to the Paris massacre of 1961. ; The Ninth Hague Conference on Private International Law concluded, with the signing of the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement for Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents and the Hague Convention of 1961 Concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Minors. ; Starting with the federal income tax returns filed after December 31, 1962, all American taxpayers were required to supply social security numbers

This is a document about F visa
  INS receiving and maintaining up-to-date records from schools. As a result of these findings, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) directed the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to develop and conduct a program to collect certain information on nonimmigrant foreign students and exchange visitors from approved institutions of higher education and designated exchange visitor programs. In June 1997, the INS launched a pilot program for a centralized electronic reporting system for institutions, called the Coordinated Interagency Partnership Regulating International Students (CIPRIS). The CIPRIS pilot officially ended in October 1999, as the INS

This is a document about Internal Revenue Service
  to new district offices which replaced the collector's offices. Civil service directors were appointed to replace the politically appointed collectors of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Not long after, the Bureau was renamed the Internal Revenue Service. In 1954 the filing deadline was moved from March 15 to April 15. The Tax Reform Act of 1969 created the Alternative Minimum Tax. By 1986, limited electronic filing of tax returns was possible. The Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 ("RRA 98") changed the organization from geographically oriented to an organization based on four operating divisions. It added "10 deadly sins" that require immediate termination of IRS

This is a document about National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
  above countries as early as 1998. The new system began on September 11, 2002. Certain non-citizens who were in the United States on or prior to September 10, 2002, were required to register in person at an INS office. This procedure was required of males over the age of sixteen who entered the United States legally on particular types of visa (primarily student, work, and tourist) from certain countries. Countries were named on four occasions:  The deadlines for registration were December 16, 2002 (Group 1), January 10, 2003 (Group 2), February 21, 2003 (Group 3), and March 28, 2003 (Group 4). The deadlines for Group 1 and 2 registration were later extended to February 7, 2003. The deadlines for Groups 3 and 4 were extended to March 21, 2003 and April 25, 2003.

The I-9 form became a requirement for employers in the United States on November 6, 1986, with the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.


Question: how many characters are there in guess who

Answer: 24

This is a document about Guess Who?
 Guess Who? Guess Who? is a two-player character guessing game created by Ora and Theo Coster, also known as Theora Design, that was first manufactured by Milton Bradley, in 1979, now owned by Hasbro. It was first brought to the UK by Jack Barr Sr in 1982. The classic edition is currently being produced by Winning Moves. Each player starts the game with a board that includes cartoon images of 24 people and their first names with all the images standing up. Each player selects a card from a separate pile of cards containing the same 24 images at random.

This is a document about Dynasty Warriors 2
  There are a total of 28 characters. * Denotes new characters to the series Bold denotes default characters

This is a document about Greg Leskiw
 The Guess Who Artistfacts

This is a document about Guess Who?
  Modern commentators have noted a bias toward white and male characters in Guess Who. In 2012, a six-year-old girl wrote to Hasbro asking why there were only five female characters to choose from, against nineteen male. Hasbro's response noted that each characteristic in the game – such as wearing glasses, or having red hair – was based on a numerical equation, and deliberately appeared exactly five times. The company wrote that the game was intended to "draw attention away from using gender or ethnicity as the focal point, and to concentrate on those things that we all have in common, rather than focus on our differences". In response to Hasbro's statement, the child's mother said that she thought

This is a document about Gold Leaf Awards of 1970
  The Guess Who

This is a document about List of programs broadcast by NBC
 Guess Who?

This is a document about Indie Pogo
  The game featured 14 playable characters at launch. As of October 2021, five additional characters have been added via free updates, with four other characters planned for inclusion for a total of 23. Notes: Not yet released

This is a document about Wapos Bay
  These are the characters listed:

This is a document about Guess Who?
  physical differences was "the whole point" of the game, and asked "Why is female gender regarded as a 'characteristic', while male gender is not?" The New Statesman criticized the "tone-deafness" of Hasbro's remarks. Blogger Avital Norman Nathman suggested that the decision to include five women in the game may not have been a conscious choice, and that this was is a problem in itself. Some editions of the game since the early 2000s have included more women. The original version of Guess Who featured only one non-white character – Anne, who was redrawn in a subsequent edition as a white woman. More recently, Hasbro has redesigned the board to feature a more racially diverse set of people.

This is a document about Cluedo
 Clue "Master Detective" (1988), an expanded version of the game featuring 12 rooms, 10 characters, and eight weapons, with support for up to 10 players. In addition to the regular cast, Clue Master Detective adds Miss Peach, Monsieur Brunette, Madame Rose, and Sergeant Gray to the list of suspects. It also added poison and a horseshoe to the assortment of weapons. The fountain, the gazebo, and the carriage house were added to the list of rooms. This game is currently published in the USA by Winning Moves Games USA. ; Cluedo: 50th Anniversary (1999), also released as Clue: 50th Anniversary, this standard

This is a document about Project X Zone
  Ninety characters (allies and enemies, not counting event-only characters) are included in the game. The overseas versions feature the same character roster as the original Japanese version.

This is a document about Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4
  buy characters or change a number of customizable ones, spells, and bricks that have a varying range of uses, such as changing the player's wand to a carrot, or making the player invincible. Players are also able to visit Gringotts or Borgin and Burkes in order to play extra levels. There are 167 characters purchasable in the game. The game covers a wide range of characters of the first four parts, from notable ones like Albus Dumbledore, and Severus Snape, to others like Viktor Krum in shark form or the Trolley Witch from the Hogwarts Express. The storyline is substantially unaltered from the movies, with slight changes to allow consistent two-player mode throughout the game.

This is a document about Guess Who?
  Guess Who? is a two-player board game where players each guess the identity of the other's chosen character. The game was created by created by Ora and Theo Coster, also known as Theora Design, and first manufactured by Milton Bradley in 1979. It is now owned by Hasbro. The game was first brought to the UK by Jack Barr Sr. in 1982. The classic edition is currently being produced by Winning Moves Games USA.

This is a document about J-Stars Victory VS
  The game features 52 characters from 32 different Jump series. 39 of these characters are playable, while 13 of them can be summoned by players to provide support.

This is a document about Akinator
  Before beginning the questionnaire, the players must think of a real or fictional character. Akinator initiates a series of questions, with "Yes", "No", "Probably", "Probably not" and "Don't know" as possible answers, to narrow down the potential character. If the answer is narrowed down to a single likely option before 25 questions are asked, the program will automatically ask whether the character it chose is correct. If the character is guessed wrong few times in a row, then the game will prompt the user to input the character's name, to expand its database of choices.

This is a document about Sixty Million Trillion Combinations
  or deduce the code, which is made up of fourteen letters. The Black Widowers suggest various groups of fourteen letters, such as VLADIMIR POCHIK and SIR ISAAC NEWTON, which might provide the clue, and which Sandino might easily have thought of in order to break into the computer and steal Pochik's work. But Trumbull takes out his pocket computer and computes, gloomily, that there are about 64 million trillion different possibilities for the code word, beginning with AAAAAAAAAAAAAA. The Black Widowers are able to come up with the code, purely because one member shares a trait with the mathematician. That member is Henry, the waiter, who focused on the fact that Pochik was reading Wordsworth. He

This is a document about Cluedo (franchise)
  him in the head), and invites the guests back to the mansion. This explains why he never seeks any legal action against his "friends," and invited them back despite repeated attempts to kill him. However, after a few books, he wises up enough to be suspicious of them, but continues to invite them over against better judgement. The Clue Jr. series originally had all six characters, but suddenly, some of the characters were taken out, leaving only four. The mysteries usually only included cases similar to the theft of a toy, but sometimes the cases were more serious. They are usually solved when the culprit traps himself in his own lies.

This is a document about Fun And Frustration (franchise)
 A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film. This table lists the main characters who appear in the Fun And Frustration Franchise.<blockquote class="toccolours" style="text-align:justify; width:95%; float:center; padding:5px 6px 6px; display:table;"> List indicator(s)

This is a document about Matador (Danish TV series)
  Characters alphabetically:

This is a document about ClayFighter 63⅓
  There are twelve characters in ClayFighter 63⅓, six from previous games in the ClayFighter series, four debuting in this game, and two from other game series. The first nine are available for play immediately, and the latter three are hidden characters (shown below) that can be unlocked with cheat codes or to finish the game with each character. All twelve characters from ClayFighter 63⅓ appeared in the updated version of the game, ClayFighter: Sculptor's Cut, along with four new characters, increasing the total character roster to sixteen.

There are 24 characters in Guess Who! (the board game).


Question: mitochondria is found in what type of cells

Answer: eukaryotic

This is a document about Mitochondrion
 Mitochondrion The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack them (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids, and diplomonads, have also reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. To date, only one eukaryote, "Monocercomonoides", is known to have completely lost its mitochondria. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek , , "thread", and , , "granule" or "grain-like". Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

This is a document about Hydrogenosome
 of a plant or animal is organised very differently from a bacterial cell. Amongst other things, animal and plant cells (which are special cases of what is known as ‘eukaryotic’ cells) contain mitochondria. Mitochondria are like power stations for cells: They supply ATP molecules used throughout the cell as a power source by ‘burning’ carbohydrates and other fuels. They produce carbon dioxide and water as waste. To produce ATP, mitochondria require abundant supplies of oxygen. Some single-celled eukaryotes live in places where oxygen is scarce or non-existent and use hydrogenosomes instead of mitochondria to produce ATP. Mitochondria do not function

This is a document about Mitochondrion
 compared to academic knowledge such as the role of the mitochondrion, which has been considered comparatively impractical. General Mitochondrion The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack them (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). A number of unicellular organisms, such as microsporidia, parabasalids, and diplomonads, have also reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures. To date, only one eukaryote, "Monocercomonoides", is known to have completely lost its mitochondria. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek , , "thread", and , , "granule" or "grain-like".

This is a document about Prokaryote
 of many pieces of evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are themselves descended from free-living bacteria. This theory holds that early eukaryotic cells took in primitive prokaryotic cells by phagocytosis and adapted themselves to incorporate their structures, leading to the mitochondria we see today. The genome in a prokaryote is held within a DNA/protein complex in the cytosol called the nucleoid, which lacks a nuclear envelope. The complex contains a single, cyclic, double-stranded molecule of stable chromosomal DNA, in contrast to the multiple linear, compact, highly organized chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells. In addition, many important genes of prokaryotes are stored

This is a document about Topoisomerase
 that requires the activity of topoisomerase to be replicated. The classes of topoisomerase found in the mitochondria are I, IIβ, IIIα. Many drugs operate through interference with the topoisomerases The broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotics act by disrupting the function of bacterial type II topoisomerases. These small molecule inhibitors act as efficient anti-bacterial agents by hijacking the natural ability of topoisomerase to create breaks in chromosomal DNA. Some chemotherapy drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors work by interfering with mammalian-type eukaryotic topoisomerases in cancer cells. This induces breaks in the DNA that ultimately lead to programmed cell death (apoptosis). This DNA-damaging effect, outside of

This is a document about Peroxisome
 endoplasmic reticulum, along with a number of metabolic enzymes that were likely recruited from the mitochondria. Recently, it has been suggested that the peroxisome may have had an actinobacterial origin, however, this is controversial. Other organelles of the microbody family related to peroxisomes include glyoxysomes of plants and filamentous fungi, glycosomes of kinetoplastids, and Woronin bodies of filamentous fungi. Peroxisome A peroxisome () is a type of organelle known as a microbody, found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, and polyamines, reduction of reactive

This is a document about Bacteria
 of the archaea and eukaryotes. Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea. This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alphaproteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya (sometimes in highly reduced form, e.g. in ancient "amitochondrial" protozoa). Later, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacteria-like organisms, leading to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants. This is known as secondary endosymbiosis. Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and

This is a document about PLSCR3
 PLSCR3 Phospholipid scramblase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "PLSCR3" gene (abbreviated to PLS3 in this section). Like the other phospholipid scramblase family members (PLS1, PLS2, PLS4), PLS3 is a type II plasma membrane protein that is rich in proline and integral in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The regulation of apoptosis is critical for both cell development and tissue homeostasis Although phospholipid scramblase is thought to exist in all eukaryotic cells, PLS3 is a protein that is novel to the mitochondria. This is very important because mitochondria are central in the apoptotic cell pathway.

This is a document about Heteroplasmy
 Heteroplasmy Heteroplasmy is the presence of more than one type of organellar genome (mitochondrial DNA or plastid DNA) within a cell or individual. It is an important factor in considering the severity of mitochondrial diseases. Because most eukaryotic cells contain many hundreds of mitochondria with hundreds of copies of mitochondrial DNA, it is common for mutations to affect only some mitochondria, leaving most unaffected. Although detrimental scenarios are well-studied, heteroplasmy can also be beneficial. For example, centenarians show a higher than average degree of heteroplasmy. Microheteroplasmy is present in most individuals. This refers to hundreds of independent mutations in one

This is a document about Marine microorganism
 endosymbiotic associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the Archaea. This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alphaproteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya. Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms. This led to the formation of chloroplasts in algae and plants. There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events. Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid. This is known as secondary endosymbiosis. The largest known bacterium, the marine "Thiomargarita

This is a document about CoRR hypothesis
 of 1992. The term CoRR was introduced in 2003 in a paper in "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" entitled "The function of genomes in bioenergetic organelles". Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energy-converting organelles in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts in plant cells perform photosynthesis; the capture and conversion of the energy of sunlight. Mitochondria in both plant and animal cells perform respiration; the release of this stored energy when work is done. In addition to these key reactions of bioenergetics, chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain specialized and discrete genetic systems. These genetic systems enable chloroplasts and mitochondria to make

This is a document about Prokaryote
 However, this possibility remains the subject of considerable debate and skepticism. The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is usually considered the most important distinction or difference among organisms. The distinction is that eukaryotic cells have a "true" nucleus containing their DNA, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain large RNA/protein structures called ribosomes, which produce protein. Another difference is that ribosomes in prokaryotes are smaller than in eukaryotes. However, two organelles found in many eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain ribosomes similar in size and makeup to those found in prokaryotes. This is one

This is a document about DNA glycosylase
 U:G mispairs, or through the incorporation of dUMP by DNA polymerase to form U:A pairs. These aberrant uracil residues are genotoxic. In eukaryotic cells, UNG activity is found in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Human UNG1 protein is transported to both the mitochondria and the nucleus. The sequence of uracil-DNA glycosylase is extremely well conserved in bacteria and eukaryotes as well as in herpes viruses. More distantly related uracil-DNA glycosylases are also found in poxviruses. The N-terminal 77 amino acids of UNG1 seem to be required for mitochondrial localization, but the presence of a mitochondrial transit peptide has not

This is a document about Albert Claude
 structure of mitochondria in 1945. He was given American citizenship in 1941. He discovered that mitochondria are the "power houses" of all cells. He also discovered cytoplasmic granules full of RNA and named them "microsomes", which were later renamed ribosomes, the protein synthesizing machineries of cell. With his associate, Keith Porter, he found a "lace-work" structure that was eventually proven to be the major structural feature of the interior of all eukaryotic cells. This was the discovery of endoplasmic reticulum (a Latin for "fishnet"). In 1949, he became Director of the Jules Bordet Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (Institut

This is a document about Cytohet
 Cytohet In genetics, a cytohet (or heteroplasmon) is a eukaryotic cell whose non-nuclear genome is heterozygous. The non-nucleic genome of eukaryotic cells exists in cytoplasmic organelles, namely the chloroplasts (only in plant cells) and the mitochondria (in all eukaryotic cells). Most of the genes in the mitochondria code for respiration-related proteins, and most of the genes in the chloroplasts code for photosynthesis-related proteins. The cytoplasmic genome, in contrast with the nucleic genome, exists in many copies in each cell: each cell contains numerous mitochondria and/or chloroplasts, and each such organelle contains multiple copies of its chromosome. Mutations in the cytoplasmic

This is a document about Endosymbiont
 in reef ecology. The human genome project found several thousand endogenous retroviruses, endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses, organized into 24 families. Symbiogenesis explains the origins of eukaryotes, whose cells contain two major kinds of organelle, mitochondria and chloroplasts. The theory proposes that these organelles evolved from certain types of bacteria that eukaryotic cells engulfed through endophagocytosis. These cells and the bacteria trapped inside them entered an endosymbiotic relationship, meaning that the bacteria lived within the eukaryotic cells. Endosymbiont An endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives within the body

This is a document about Plant evolution
 radiations of dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, and diatoms did primary production in marine shelf waters take modern form. Cyanobacteria remain critical to marine ecosystems as primary producers in oceanic gyres, as agents of biological nitrogen fixation, and, in modified form, as the plastids of marine algae. Chloroplasts have many similarities with cyanobacteria, including a circular chromosome, prokaryotic-type ribosomes, and similar proteins in the photosynthetic reaction center. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that photosynthetic bacteria were acquired (by endocytosis) by early eukaryotic cells to form the first plant cells. Therefore, chloroplasts may be photosynthetic bacteria that adapted to life inside plant cells. Like mitochondria,

This is a document about Photosynthesis
 transferred to the slugs, so that the chloroplasts can be supplied with proteins that they need to survive. An even closer form of symbiosis may explain the origin of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts have many similarities with photosynthetic bacteria, including a circular chromosome, prokaryotic-type ribosome, and similar proteins in the photosynthetic reaction center. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that photosynthetic bacteria were acquired (by endocytosis) by early eukaryotic cells to form the first plant cells. Therefore, chloroplasts may be photosynthetic bacteria that adapted to life inside plant cells. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts possess their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA of their plant

This is a document about Mitochondrion
  Mitochondria (and related structures) are found in all eukaryotes (except two—the Oxymonad Monocercomonoides and Henneguya salminicola). Although commonly depicted as bean-like structures they form a highly dynamic network in the majority of cells where they constantly undergo fission and fusion. The population of all the mitochondria of a given cell constitutes the chondriome. Mitochondria vary in number and location according to cell type. A single mitochondrion is often found in unicellular organisms, while human liver cells have about 1000–2000 mitochondria per cell, making up 1/5 of the cell volume. The mitochondrial content of otherwise similar cells can vary substantially in size and membrane potential, with differences arising from sources including uneven partitioning at cell divisions, leading

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells.


Question: when did gps become available for civilian use

Answer: 1980s

This is a document about Global Positioning System
 though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. The GPS provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The United States government created the system, maintains it, and makes it freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was launched by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973 for use by the United States military and became fully operational in 1995. It was allowed for civilian use in the 1980s. Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to modernize the

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  positioning information. The GPS provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The United States government created the system, maintains and controls it, and makes it freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973. The first prototype spacecraft was launched in 1978 and the full constellation of 24 satellites became operational in 1993. Originally limited to use by the United States military, civilian use was allowed from the 1980s following an executive order from President Ronald Reagan after the Korean Air Lines Flight 007 incident. Advances in technology and new demands on

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  The GPS project was launched in the United States in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, combining ideas from several predecessors, including classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense developed the system, which originally used 24 satellites, for use by the United States military, and became fully operational in 1995. Civilian use was allowed from the 1980s. Roger L. Easton of the Naval Research Laboratory, Ivan A. Getting of The Aerospace Corporation, and Bradford Parkinson of the Applied Physics Laboratory are credited with inventing it. The work of Gladys West is credited as instrumental in the development of computational techniques for detecting satellite

This is a document about Global Positioning System
 In 1972, the USAF Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility (Holloman AFB) conducted developmental flight tests of four prototype GPS receivers in a Y configuration over White Sands Missile Range, using ground-based pseudo-satellites. ; In 1978, the first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched. ; In 1983, after Soviet interceptor aircraft shot down the civilian airliner KAL 007 that strayed into prohibited airspace because of navigational errors, killing all 269 people on board, U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced that GPS would be made available for civilian uses once it was completed, although it had been previously published [in Navigation magazine], and that the CA code (Coarse/Acquisition code)

This is a document about Surveying
  Navy TRANSIT system. The first successful launch took place in 1960. The system's main purpose was to provide position information to Polaris missile submarines. Surveyors found they could use field receivers to determine the location of a point. Sparse satellite cover and large equipment made observations laborious, and inaccurate. The main use was establishing benchmarks in remote locations. The US Air Force launched the first prototype satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 1978. GPS used a larger constellation of satellites and improved signal transmission to provide more accuracy. Early GPS observations required several hours of observations by a static receiver to reach survey accuracy requirements. Recent improvements to both satellites and receivers allow Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveying. RTK surveys get high-accuracy measurements by using a fixed base station and a second roving antenna. The position of the roving antenna can be tracked.

This is a document about Satellite navigation device
  initially only a slightly degraded "Selective Availability" positioning signal. This new availability of the US military GPS system for civilian use required a certain technical collaboration with the private sector for some time, before it could become a commercial reality. In 1989, Magellan Navigation Inc. unveiled its Magellan NAV 1000, the world's first commercial handheld GPS receiver. These units initially sold for approximately US$2,900 each. In 2000, the Clinton administration removed the military use signal restrictions, thus providing full commercial access to the US GPS satellite system. In 1990, Mazda's Eunos Cosmo was the first production car in the world with

This is a document about 6555th Aerospace Test Group
  The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) program opened up a whole new field for space support operations at the Cape in the 1980s: the launching of satellites to provide highly accurate three-dimensional ground, sea and air navigation. The U.S. Navy and Air Force began the effort in the early 1960s with a series of studies and experiments dealing with the feasibility of using satellite-generated radio signals to improve the effectiveness of military navigation. After ten years of extensive research, the services concluded that Defense Department requirements would be best served by a single, highly precise, satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS). In December 1973, the

This is a document about History of wildlife tracking technology
  GPS technology enables individuals to observe relatively fine-scale movement or migratory patterns in a free-ranging wild animal using the Global Positioning System. After fitting animals with a GPS receiver, their position is determined by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth, and the location of satellites sending the signals. As soon as GPS became available for civilian use in the 1990s, biologists started to attach GPS receivers to animals. Although the first civilian GPS receivers were developed by Magellan in 1989, they were very large and therefore impractical for animal applications. By the mid-1990s, the larger GPS manufacturing companies created GPS receivers that were smaller, more energy-efficient, and therefore more usable for animal-tracking applications. GPS tracking devices are often linked to an Argos Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT) enabling them to transmit data via the Argos System, a scientific satellite system which has been in use since 1978. Users can then download their data directly from Argos via telnet and process the raw data to extract their transmitted information. Data can also be transmitted via GSM networks, using SMS messages or internet protocols in a GPRS session.

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
  Bartholomew, Randolph Zwirn and, "an important outsider," Robert Kern. Ivan Getting, while working at Raytheon, envisioned a satellite system similar to MOSAIC, a railroad mobile ballistic missile guidance system, but working more like LORAN. The GPS program was approved in December 1973, the first GPS satellite was launched in 1978, and by August 1993, 24 GPS satellites were in orbit. Initial operational capability was established in December of that same year while in February 1994, the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) declared GPS ready for use. 1972 PET scanner 1972 Magnetic resonance imaging 1973 Personal watercraft A personal watercraft (PWC) is

This is a document about Electronic monitoring in the United States
  writes, "... the original goal of electronic monitoring was not to punish offenders but to provide a means of rewarding prosocial, noncriminal behavior." 1973: The military launches the first GPS project to improve existing navigation systems. 1980s: Following a tragic airline accident, the Reagan administration announces GPS will also be available for civilian use. Meanwhile, Jack Love, a New Mexico State judge embraces EM technology after viewing a Spider-Man cartoon in which the antagonist slaps a "radar device" on Spider-Man. Love pitches EM to technology companies, leading to the production of the first transmitter unit, the size of a cigarette package, to be attached to an ankle. 1990: All 50 states employ radio-frequency (RF) technologies to varying degrees to

This is a document about Korean Air Lines Flight 007
  disasters. The U.S. decided to utilize military radars to extend air traffic control radar coverage from 200 to 1200 mi out from Anchorage. The FAA also established a secondary radar system (ATCBI-5) on Saint Paul Island. In 1986, the United States, Japan and the Soviet Union set up a joint air traffic control system to monitor aircraft over the North Pacific, thereby giving the Soviet Union formal responsibility to monitor civilian air traffic, and setting up direct communication links between the controllers of the three countries. President Reagan announced on September 16, 1983, that the Global Positioning System (GPS)

This is a document about Navigation
  became operational in 2016. China has indicated it may expand its regional Beidou navigation system into a global system. More than two dozen GPS satellites are in medium Earth orbit, transmitting signals allowing GPS receivers to determine the receiver's location, speed and direction. Since the first experimental satellite was launched in 1978, GPS has become an indispensable aid to navigation around the world, and an important tool for map-making and land surveying. GPS also provides a precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes, and synchronization of telecommunications networks. Developed by the United States Department of Defense, GPS is officially named NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing And

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  kg handheld receiver. ; In 1992, the 2nd Space Wing, which originally managed the system, was inactivated and replaced by the 50th Space Wing.50th Space Wing.png]] ; By December 1993, GPS achieved initial operational capability (IOC), with a full constellation (24 satellites) available and providing the Standard Positioning Service (SPS). ; Full Operational Capability (FOC) was declared by Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) in April 1995, signifying full availability of the military's secure Precise Positioning Service (PPS). ; In 1996, recognizing the importance of GPS to civilian users as well as military users, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS a dual-use system

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  extrasolar planets. ; Automated vehicle: applying location and routes for cars and trucks to function without a human driver. ; Cartography: both civilian and military cartographers use GPS extensively. ; Cellular telephony: clock synchronization enables time transfer, which is critical for synchronizing its spreading codes with other base stations to facilitate inter-cell handoff and support hybrid GPS/cellular position detection for mobile emergency calls and other applications. The first handsets with integrated GPS launched in the late 1990s. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated the feature in either the handset or in the towers (for use in triangulation) in 2002 so

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
  GPS is the descendant of the United States Navy's Timation satellite program and the United States Air Force's 621-B satellite program. The invention of GPS was a collaborative and team effort. The basic architecture of GPS was devised in less than a month in 1972 by Colonel Bradford Parkinson, Mel Birnbaum, Bob Rennard, and Jim Spilker. However, Richard Easton, a son of Roger Easton who was the head of the U.S. Navy's Timation program, claims that his father invented GPS and filed U.S. patent #3,789,409 in 1974. Other names listed by Richard Easton are James Buisson, Thomas McCaskill, Don Lynch,

This is a document about Nuclear weapons delivery
  increased accuracy for Air Force bombers as well as ICBMs. Updates from the Navy Transit system were too slow for the high speeds of Air Force operation. The Navy Research Laboratory continued advancements with their Timation (Time Navigation) satellites, first launched in 1967, and with the third one in 1974 carrying the first atomic clock into orbit. Another important predecessor to GPS came from a different branch of the United States military. In 1964, the United States Army orbited its first Sequential Collation of Range (SECOR) satellite used for geodetic surveying. The SECOR system included three ground-based transmitters from

This is a document about GPS Block III
  The United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) reached Full Operational Capability on 17 July 1995, completing its original design goals. However, additional advances in technology and new demands on the existing system led to the effort to modernize the GPS system. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized the effort, referred to as GPS III. The project involves new ground stations and new satellites, with additional navigation signals for both civilian and military users, and aims to improve the accuracy and availability for all users. Raytheon was awarded the Next Generation GPS Operational Control System (OCX) contract on 25 February 2010. The first satellite in the series was projected to launch in 2014, but significant delays pushed the launch to December 2018.

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  Galileo system. ; In 2004, United States President George W. Bush updated the national policy and replaced the executive board with the National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. ; November 2004, Qualcomm announced successful tests of assisted GPS for mobile phones. ; In 2005, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal (L2C) for enhanced user performance. ; On September 14, 2007, the aging mainframe-based Ground Segment Control System was transferred to the new Architecture Evolution Plan. ; On May 19, 2009, the United States Government Accountability Office issued a report warning that some GPS satellites could

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  second launched in 1969, with the third in 1974 carrying the first atomic clock into orbit and the fourth launched in 1977. Another important predecessor to GPS came from a different branch of the United States military. In 1964, the United States Army orbited its first Sequential Collation of Range (SECOR) satellite used for geodetic surveying. The SECOR system included three ground-based transmitters at known locations that would send signals to the satellite transponder in orbit. A fourth ground-based station, at an undetermined position, could then use those signals to fix its location precisely. The last SECOR satellite was launched in 1969.

GPS became available for civilian use in the 1980s, but it was fully operational and widely used by civilians in the 1990s. The exact year is not mentioned in the provided text.


Question: what trophies did man u win last season

Answer: UEFA Europa League

This is a document about 2016–17 Manchester United F.C. season
 "Statistics accurate as of 24 May 2017." 2016–17 Manchester United F.C. season The 2016–17 season was Manchester United's 25th season in the Premier League, and their 42nd consecutive season in the top-flight of English football. It began against Leicester City in the FA Community Shield, with United prevailing 2–1 to win the first trophy of the domestic calendar. In February 2017, the club won their second trophy of the campaign, beating Southampton 3–2 in the EFL Cup Final. Although they missed out on qualifying for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League via the league, having finished in sixth place, a 2–0

This is a document about Mircea Lucescu
 and the Super Cup. He failed to win any trophies the following season, however, though he made up for it in the 2007–08 season, winning the Premier League title and the Ukrainian Cup. His only domestic success in the 2008–09 season came in the Super Cup, although he was able to guide Shakhtar to their first ever European trophy, winning the last ever UEFA Cup before it was renamed the UEFA Europa League. He won the final against Werder Bremen 2–1 after extra time. The 2009–10 season saw Shakhtar regain the Premier League title. The 2010–11 season was very successful

This is a document about 2009–10 in English football
  financial problems, are expelled from the Conference a year after being relegated from the Football League and were wound-up shortly after. Their expulsion made them the first team at this level to fold mid-season since Newport County in February 1989. 28 February: Manchester United steal the first major silverware of the season by beating Aston Villa 2–1 in the League Cup final at Wembley, retaining the trophy. It is the fourth time they have won the trophy – all of the wins have been under the management of Sir Alex Ferguson. In the Premier League, United are still looking strong contenders for the title as they stand one point behind leaders Chelsea. Arsenal's good form has seen them occupy third place with just two points less than United and a nine-point gap outside their nearest contenders Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City.

This is a document about 2016–17 Manchester United F.C. season
  The 2016–17 season was Manchester United's 25th season in the Premier League, and their 42nd consecutive season in the top-flight of English football. It began against Leicester City in the FA Community Shield, with United prevailing 2–1 to win the first trophy of the domestic calendar. In February 2017, the club won their second trophy of the campaign, beating Southampton 3–2 in the EFL Cup Final. Although they missed out on qualifying for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League via the league, having finished in sixth place, a 2–0 victory over Ajax in the 2017 UEFA Europa League Final meant they qualified for the Champions League group stage as Europa League title holders. The triumph also made United the fifth team to have won UEFA club coall three main European club trophies. Following the departure of Louis van Gaal at the end of the previous season, the club signed former Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid manager José Mourinho on a three-year contract, with the option of a further year.

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  and FA Cup in the same season) three times; the second in 1995–96 saw them become the first club to do so twice, and it became referred to as the "Double Double". United became the sole British club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of only two British clubs to have won the FIFA Club World Cup, in 2008. In 1999, United became the first English club to win the Treble. The club's most recent trophy came in May 2017, with the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. In winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the "UEFA club coEuropean Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea.

This is a document about Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry
  Manchester United's 26-year spell without a league title was replicated and exceeded by Liverpool from 1990 to 2020, during which time United dominated English football and won 13 league titles, 23 domestic cups and five European trophies. Liverpool's success in domestic competitions such as the 2003 League Cup and 2006 FA Cup as well as European competitions like the 2005 and 2019 Champions Leagues allowed them some consolation during their league title dry spell, which finally ended in 2019–20. Despite their contrasting fortunes, only six times since 1972 have neither Liverpool nor United finished in the top two of the league table – in 1980–81, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17 – and in five of those six campaigns, silverware was still taken home by one of the two clubs; Liverpool paraded the European Cup and League Cup in 1981, while Manchester United lifted the FA Community Shield and FA Cup in the 2004 season and Liverpool claimed the Champions League in 2005. United brought home the FA Cup again in 2016 and they won a treble of trophies consisting of the Community Shield, League Cup and UEFA Europa League in 2016–17.

This is a document about 2007–08 in English football
  Manchester United were crowned league champions for the second year in succession, the tenth time in the history of the Premier League and the 17th time overall. They also won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League for the third time, and Cristiano Ronaldo finished as the league's top scorer with 31 goals. While all three of their main rivals kept the battle for the title close, Chelsea had the more dramatic season; influential manager José Mourinho departed in mid-September and was replaced by Avram Grant, who became the first Chelsea manager in four years to go without a trophy. Arsenal, meanwhile, after two seasons of disappointment, finished

This is a document about List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics
  Manchester United's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. Their first national senior honour came in 1908, when they won the 1907–08 Football League First Division title. The club also won the FA Cup for the first time the following year. In terms of the number of trophies won, the 1990s was Manchester United's most successful decade, during which they won five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Community Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. The club currently holds the record for most top-division titles, with 20. They were also the first team to win the Premier League, as well as holding the record for the most Premier League titles (13), and became the first English team to win the European Cup when they won it in 1968. Their most recent trophy came in May 2017, when they won the UEFA Europa League.

This is a document about List of Manchester United F.C. seasons
  more Premier League titles in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, making Manchester United only the fourth club to win three consecutive English league titles. The club picked up their 10th Premier League title in the 2007–08 season, and followed it with a third Champions League title 10 days later. The following season, Manchester United became the first British club to win the FIFA Club World Cup, before becoming the first English club to twice claim three consecutive league titles in 2008–09. In 2010–11, Manchester United won their 19th top division title, passing Liverpool's previous record of 18, before winning a 20th title in 2012–13. In 2016–17, Manchester United won their first UEFA Europa League trophy, making them only the fifth club to win the UEFA club cothree main European club competitions.

This is a document about List of Premier League winning players
  injury. For the first season, players received a miniature version of the trophy rather than a medal. As of the end of the 2020–21 season, seven clubs have won the title – Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool – with 574 medals awarded to 291 players. Ten players have won the title with more than one club. Having won 13 Premier League championships, Manchester United have more title-winning players to their name than any other club, with 86 players awarded 247 medals. Ryan Giggs, who spent his entire career at the club, has won more medals than any other player with 13. Over a third of medals have been awarded to English players and the next most frequent nationalities of winners are French and Brazilian.

This is a document about 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season
  the final. Two months later, on 1 March 2009, the club added the 2008–09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4–1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final. United secured the Premier League title with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009. This made them the first team to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two occasions, having also done so between 1999 and 2001. This was the final season where Cristiano Ronaldo was on the Manchester United roster until the 2021-22 season, as he was sold for an at-the-time record-breaking transfer to Real Madrid following the end of this season.

This is a document about 1966–67 in English football
  3) number of goals scored. ; source=rsssf.com Manchester United clinched their second league title in three seasons, finishing four points ahead of Nottingham Forest and FA Cup winners Tottenham. Leeds United and Liverpool completed the top five. A 6-1 signature victory at West Ham United on the penultimate weekend of the season, with the fabled triumvirate of Best, Law and Charlton all on the scoresheet, confirmed what was Matt Busby’s (the Manchester United Manager) fifth and final top flight league title. Manchester United were formally presented with the league title trophy a week later, after their final match of the season (a 0-0 draw at home to Stoke City). It was to be a further 26 years before Manchester United returned to the top of English football, winning the inaugural Premier League title in 1993. Blackpool and Aston Villa dropped into the Second Division. {{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL }}

This is a document about 1997–98 Manchester United F.C. season
  his hands on the coveted trophy since its inception, in only his first full campaign. He completed a double three weeks later by winning the FA Cup, regarded by many fans and pundits alike as unthinkable given the circumstances four months ago. The Red Devils signed off their disappointing campaign on a high at home to Leeds and a comfortable victory away to the already relegated Barnsley. Alex Ferguson vowed to regain the trophy next season and promised a whole host of new signings, starting with Dutch defender, Jaap Stam. Colours: Green = Manchester United win; Yellow = draw; Red = opponents win.

This is a document about 1999–2000 in English football
  Manchester United retained the Premier League title, winning it for the sixth time in eight seasons, and finished the season as champions by a record 18-point margin; while their season was marred by faltering results in the early stages, a struggle to replace long-serving goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, and their controversially withdrawing from the FA Cup in favour of an ultimately fruitless entry into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, they made up for this in style by winning all but three games (only one of which ended in defeat) after Christmas. Arsenal finished runners-up for the second successive season, having spent much of

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  subsequently knighted for his services to football. Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, becoming only the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row. The team finished third in 2001–02, before regaining the title in 2002–03. They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time. In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade, but recovered to secure

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won. The club's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. In 1908, the club won their first league title, and won the FA Cup for the first time the following year. Since then, they have gone on to win a record 20 top-division titles – including a record 13 Premier League titles – and their total of 12 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal (14). Those titles have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield (formerly the FA Charity Shield), which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  against Liverpool on 2 May 2021, which saw a Premier League game get postponed due to supporter protests for the first time in the competition's history. On the pitch itself, United equalled the biggest win in Premier League history with a 9–0 win against Southampton on 2 February 2021, but ended the season with defeat on penalties in the UEFA Europa League Final against Villarreal, going four straight seasons without a trophy and one season away from equalling their worst trophy drought since the club was last relegated. On 20 November 2021, Manchester United announced that Solskjær had left his role as manager.

This is a document about Sport in Manchester
  Manchester City and Manchester United are popular Premier League football clubs in Manchester. United's ground is in Old Trafford; Manchester City's home ground is the City of Manchester Stadium in east Manchester. Fixtures between the clubs are referred to as the Manchester Derby. Manchester United are historically the most successful football club in England with 66 elite honours won (including three European Cups). Manchester City have won seven domestic league titles, most recently in 2021. Under the management of Pep Guardiola in winning the Premier League in 2018, they became the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in

This is a document about 1998–99 in English football
  The seventh season of the FA Premier League saw Manchester United finish champions for the fifth time, one point ahead of the previous season's champions Arsenal. United also ended Arsenal's defence of the FA Cup, going on to defeat Newcastle United in the final to become the first English team to win the league title and FA Cup double on three occasions, having already won the double in 1994 and 1996. They then went on to win the European Cup to become only the second English club to win three major trophies in the same season. This made them the first English club to win the European Cup in 15 years, and manager Alex Ferguson was knighted. Chelsea's revival continued with a third-place finish in the

This is a document about 2012–13 in English football
  In Sir Alex Ferguson's final season as manager, Manchester United comfortably won their 13th Premier League title and their 20th overall, topping the table in mid-November and never surrendering their lead, though a run of just three wins in their last eight matches meant that they squandered the chance to become the first ever top-flight side to earn a hundred points in a season. Neighbours and defending champions Manchester City finished in second place, though they never looked like seriously challenging for a second successive title, and this, combined with a humiliating FA Cup final defeat by Wigan Athletic, cost Roberto Mancini his job. Despite enduring a turbulent season

Manchester United won the FA Community Shield and the UEFA Europa League in the 2016–17 season.


Question: when were air brakes first used on trucks

Answer: the early 20th century

This is a document about Air brake (road vehicle)
 March 5, 1872. Westinghouse made numerous alterations to improve his air pressured brake invention, which led to various forms of the automatic brake. In the early 20th century, after its advantages were proven in railway use, it was adopted by manufacturers of trucks and heavy road vehicles. Air brake systems are typically used on heavy trucks and buses. The system consists of service brakes, parking brakes, a control pedal, and an air storage tank. For the parking brake, there is a disc or drum arrangement which is designed to be held in the 'applied' position by spring pressure. Air pressure

This is a document about Refrigerator car
 around 1890, shortly after the first express train routes were established in North America. The cars did not come into general use until the early 20th century. Most units designed for express service are larger than their standard counterparts, and are typically constructed more along the lines of baggage cars than freight equipment. Cars must be equipped with speed-rated trucks and brakes, and — if they are to be run ahead of the passenger car, must also incorporate an air line for pneumatic braking, a communication signal air line, and a steam line for train heating. Express units were typically

This is a document about Air brake (road vehicle)
  An air brake or, more formally, a compressed air brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on a piston is used to apply the pressure to the brake pad or brake shoe needed to stop the vehicle. Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple trailers which must be linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers, in addition to their use in railroad trains. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service. He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872. Westinghouse made numerous alterations to improve his air pressured brake invention, which led to various forms of the automatic brake. In the early 20th century, after its advantages were proven in railway use, it was adopted by manufacturers of trucks and heavy road vehicles.

This is a document about Airbag
  line. In October 1993, the Dodge Ram became the first pickup truck with a standard driver-side airbag. The first known collision between two airbag-equipped automobiles took place on 12 March 1990 in Virginia, USA. A 1989 Chrysler LeBaron crossed the center line and hit another 1989 Chrysler LeBaron in a head-on collision, causing both driver airbags to deploy. The drivers suffered only minor injuries despite extensive damage to the vehicles. The United States Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 required passenger cars and light trucks built after 1 September 1998 to have airbags for the driver and the right front passenger. In the United States, NHTSA estimated

This is a document about List of automotive superlatives
 First four-wheel brakes – 1910 Isotta Fraschini ; First power brakes – 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted and 4-wheel ) ; First hydraulic power brakes – 1921 Duesenberg Model A (4-wheel) ; First vacuum-assist power brakes – 1927 (for the 1928 model year) Pierce-Arrow ; First Inboard drum brakes – 1937 Lancia Aprilia ; First disc brakes – 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial (4-wheel and standard) ; First inboard disc brakes – 1955 Citroën DS19 ; First diagonally split, dual brake circuits – 1962 Saab 95/96 ; First antilock braking system – 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation) ; First electrical & electronic antilock braking system – 1969 (for the 1970 model year) Lincoln Continental Mark III (standard) ; First 4-wheel electrical & electronic antilock braking system – 1970 (for the 1971 model year) Imperial ; First asbestos-free brake pads – 1983 Saab Automobile ; First regenerative brakes – 1996 GM EV1 (leased, not sold) ; First electro-hydraulic brakes – 2001 Toyota Prius ; First electric parking brake – 2002 BMW E65/E66

This is a document about Automatic train stop
   The invention of the fail-safe railway air brake provided an external means for stopping a train via a physical object opening a valve on the brake line to the atmosphere. Eventually known as train stops or trip stops, the first mechanical ATS system was installed in France in 1878 with some railroads in Russia following suit using a similar system in 1880. In 1901 Union Switch and Signal Company developed the first North American automatic train stop system for the Boston Elevated Railway. This system was soon adopted by the New York City Subway and other rapid transit systems in the United States. Mechanical ATS was more popular on rapid transit systems and dedicated commuter rail than freight or long-distance passenger lines due to a combination of the increased complexity found in mainline railroad operations, the risk

This is a document about Rail transport in Victoria
  Rollingstock in Victoria has used air braking since tests of continuous train brakes were carried out in 1884. Initially, screw couplings were used to connect wagons, but from 1924, automatic knuckle couplers were introduced, with buffers removed from freight wagons by 1960.

This is a document about George Westinghouse
  all cars. It is a failsafe system, in that any rupture or disconnection in the train pipe will apply the brakes throughout the train. It was patented by Westinghouse on October 28, 1873. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. It was in time nearly universally adopted by railways. Modern trains use brakes in various forms based on this design. The same conceptual design of fail-safe air brake is also found on heavy trucks. Westinghouse pursued many improvements in railway signals (which then used oil lamps). In 1881 he founded the Union Switch and Signal Company to manufacture his signaling and switching inventions.

This is a document about New York Air Brake
  industry with the introduction of the Gerlinger hydraulic lumber carrier; an engine, and a cab set high atop a lumber rack. The project faded quickly. Westinghouse and New York Air Brake began development of a replacement for the venerable "K Brake" in 1929. The Great Depression slowed, but did not stop, development of the new brake and, in April 1932, New York Air Brake began construction of a 200-car test track, the largest in the world. In 1934, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) voted to adopt the new composite AB brake. Despite the Depression, the company maintained employment for 300 workers, many on a part-time basis.

This is a document about 24 Hours of Le Mans
  With increased speeds around the track, brakes become a key issue for teams attempting to safely bring their cars down to a slow enough speed to make the Mulsanne Corner turn. Disc brakes were first seen in 1953 when the Jaguar C-Type raced at Le Mans. In 1955 the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR introduced the air brake using a large opening hood on the rear of the car. Ford used a quick change brake rotor in 1966 to achieve their first victory at Le Mans. In the 1980s, anti-lock braking systems became standard on most Group C cars as a safety measure, making it less likely that cars lose control at high speeds. By the late 1990s, reinforced carbon-carbon brakes were adopted for better stopping power.

This is a document about Airbag
  Airbags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the 1970s, when seat-belt usage rates in the country were quite low compared to modern-day. Ford built experimental cars with airbags in 1971. Allstate operated a fleet of 200 Mercury Montereys and showed reliability of airbags as well as their operation in crash testing, which also was promoted by the insurance company in popular magazine advertisements. General Motors followed in 1973 using full-sized Chevrolet vehicles. The early fleet of experimental GM vehicles equipped with airbags experienced seven fatalities, one of which was later suspected to have been caused by the airbag. In 1974,

This is a document about New York Air Brake
  implemented, the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic braking equipment for modern, high-speed locomotives and passenger trains were engineered and produced at the Watertown facilities. A dramatic drop in sales following the end of World War I led New York Air Brake to seek new markets. In 1919, the company built and marketed a "Three-Point Truck;" an "enormous affair, the four wheels alone weighing nearly one ton. The machine had a 15 ft wheelbase, and an overall length of 19 ft.  It weighed about 8,100 pounds and had a carrying capacity of from three to six tons..." It was not a success. In 1925, new management announced another try at the

This is a document about Automotive safety
  In 1984, New York State passed the first U.S. law requiring seat belt use in passenger cars. Seat belt laws have since been adopted by 49 states (New Hampshire has not). NHTSA estimates the resulting increased seat belt use saves 10,000 per year in the United States. In 1986, the central 3rd brake light was mandated in North America with most of the world following with similar standards in automotive lighting. In 1989, companies in Israel implemented Advanced Brake Warning systems, where the driver would be alerted as to how hard the driver in front of them was pressing on their brakes. This has yet to be implemented into mainstream Europe or America. Airbags were first installed in production vehicles in the

This is a document about Air suspension
  that was still used on the 600 models until 1984. Air suspension was not included in standard production American-built cars between 1960 and 1983. In 1984, Ford Motor Company incorporated a new design as a feature on the Lincoln Continental Mark VII. In 1986, Toyota Soarer introduced the first electronically controlled (TEMS), a semi-active full air suspension (spring constant, variable attenuation force). Dunlop Systems Coventry UK were also pioneers of Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS) for off-road vehicles - the term ECAS was successfully trade marked. The system was first fitted to the 93MY Land Rover Range Rover. In 1989, Arnott

This is a document about History of General Motors
  of the Nova, and the Nova was replaced by the troubled front-wheel drive Chevrolet Citation. In 1976, Chevrolet came out with the rear-wheel drive sub compact Chevette. In 1974, GM was the first major automobile company to offer airbags as optional equipment in a non-experimental, unlimited vehicle capacity. Called the "Air Cushion Restraint System", the safety feature was optional on specific full-size Cadillac, Buick, and Oldsmobile vehicles. The occupant safety system proved an unpopular option and was discontinued after the 1976 model year not to return until the 1990s when federal mandates made the system a requirement. While GM maintained its world

This is a document about Mack Trucks
  ; 1920: Mack Trucks are the first with power brakes on their trucks. ; 1922: Mack introduces first truck with drive shaft instead of chain 1922 Model AB ; 1922: International Motors Company develops gasoline-driven passenger railcar for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. A standard passenger railcar on top of a standard motor truck chassis, seating between 36 and 50 passengers, at a cost of $16,500. The car operates in a ten-mile (16 km) stretch between New Haven, and Derby, Connecticut. ; 1927: Mack's BJ and BB models built. ; 1932: The Bulldog starts to travel on

This is a document about Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company
  The railway air brake was patented in the United States of America by George Westinghouse in 1869 (straight air brake) and 1872 (automatic air brake), establishing the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. Predecessors of the British company included Evans O'Donnell Limited and Saxby and Farmer. Saxby and Farmer was started by John Saxby and John Stinson Farmer in the mid-19th century as pioneers in the manufacture of railway signalling equipment. In 1875 Saxby and Farmer had developed a mechanical linked braking system, which connected vehicles to brake simultaneously. In 1920, Saxby, Farmer and Evans O'Donnell merged to form the Westinghouse Brake & Saxby Signal Company Ltd.

This is a document about George Westinghouse
   At about this time, he witnessed a train wreck where two engineers saw one another, but were unable to stop their trains in time using the existing brakes. Brakemen had to run from car to car, on catwalks atop the cars, applying the brakes manually on each car. In 1869, at age 22, Westinghouse invented a railroad braking system using compressed air. The Westinghouse system used a compressor on the locomotive, a reservoir and a special valve on each car, and a single pipe running the length of the train (with flexible connections) which both refilled the reservoirs and controlled the brakes, allowing the engineer to apply and release the brakes simultaneously

This is a document about Airbag
  steering wheel that contained the driver-side air bag. Two of these cars were crash tested after 20 years and the airbags deployed perfectly. An early example of the air-bag cars survives as of 2009. GM's Oldsmobile Toronado was the first domestic U.S. vehicle to include a passenger airbag. General Motors marketed its first airbag modules under the "Air Cushion Restraint System" name, or ACRS. The automaker discontinued the option for its 1977 model year, citing lack of consumer interest. Ford and GM then spent years lobbying against air-bag requirements, claiming that the devices were unfeasible and inappropriate. Chrysler made driver-side airbags standard on 1988–1989 models, but airbags did not become widespread in American cars until the early 1990s.

Air brakes were first used on trucks in the late 19th century, but they became more common in the early 20th century after being adopted by manufacturers like Goodrich and the railroad industry. The first air brake patent was filed by George Westinghouse in 1872, and he developed air brakes for railroad service in 1875. However, it wasn't until the early 1900s that air brakes began to be used on trucks.


Question: who played fred in the scooby doo movie

Answer: Freddie Prinze Jr.

This is a document about Scooby-Doo (film)
 two telefilm prequels: "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins" and "Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster", which both aired on Cartoon Network in 2009 and 2010 respectively. A spin-off film "Daphne & Velma" was released on May 22, 2018, and a reboot will be released on May 15, 2020. Scooby-Doo (film) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action/computer-animated family adventure film based on the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name. It is the first installment in the "Scooby-Doo" live-action film series, directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn, and starring Freddie Prinze Jr.,

This is a document about Scooby-Doo
 Welker as the voice of Scooby-Doo. A second live-action TV movie, "Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster", retained the same cast and aired on October 16, 2010 and a direct-to-video spin-off "Daphne & Velma" in 2018. The three films serve as prequels taking place before the events of the 2002 film. A feature-length live-action film version of "Scooby-Doo" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 14, 2002. Directed by Raja Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo, voiced by Neil Fanning, was

This is a document about Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
 In later episodes, the engagement is broken off and their relationship continues to evolve. It is never revealed if they became married or not. In the episode "When the Cicada Calls," they have their first date at the Trap Exhibit 3000. Sarah Michelle Gellar and Freddie Prinze Jr. who portrayed Daphne and Fred in the first two live-action movies are married to each other in real life. They have been married since 2002. Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo) Frederick Herman Jones is a fictional character in the American animated series "Scooby-Doo", about a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane

This is a document about Scooby-Doo (film)
 the souls went back into proper alignment." In 2017, the 15th anniversary of the release of the film, James Gunn, the screenwriter for the movie, revealed in a Facebook post that there was an R-rated cut of "Scooby-Doo" and that CGI was used to remove cleavage of the female cast members. Actors Freddie Prinze Jr. and Sarah Michelle Gellar, who portray Fred and Daphne and are romantically involved in the film and series, became real-life husband and wife shortly after the film was released. When asked about watching several cartoons before playing Shaggy, Lillard responded, "Everything I could get my

This is a document about Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed
 Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed is a 2004 American live-action/computer-animated family horror comedy film, based on the animated television series. It is the second installment in the "Scooby-Doo" live-action film series and a sequel to 2002's "Scooby-Doo", and was directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn and released by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film stars Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Linda Cardellini, Matthew Lillard, Seth Green, Tim Blake Nelson, Peter Boyle and Alicia Silverstone, with Neil Fanning reprising his role as the voice of Scooby-Doo. Mystery Inc. (Fred, Daphne, Velma, Shaggy and Scooby-Doo) attend the

This is a document about Scooby-Doo (film)
 Scooby-Doo (film) Scooby-Doo (also known as Scooby-Doo: The Movie) is a 2002 American live-action/computer-animated family adventure film based on the long-running Hanna-Barbera animated television series of the same name. It is the first installment in the "Scooby-Doo" live-action film series, directed by Raja Gosnell, written by James Gunn, and starring Freddie Prinze Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, Matthew Lillard, Linda Cardellini and Rowan Atkinson. The plot revolves around Mystery Incorporated, a group of four young adults and a dog who solve mysteries, who reunite after a two-year disbandment, to investigate a mystery on a popular horror resort. Filming took place in

This is a document about Frank Welker
  Franklin Wendell Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American actor who specializes in voice acting and has contributed character voices and other vocal effects to television and motion pictures. As of 2021, Welker holds over 860 film, television, and video game credits, making him one of the most prolific voice actors of all time. With a total worldwide box-office gross of $17.4 billion, he is also the third highest-grossing actor of all time. Welker is best known for voicing Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise since its inception in 1969, and Scooby-Doo himself since 2002. In 2020, Welker reprised the latter role in the CGI-animated film

This is a document about List of Scooby-Doo characters
  by Frank Welker, who has retained this role throughout every incarnation of each series where Fred is portrayed as a teenager from 1969 to 1983 and again since 1997. In A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, (where he is portrayed as a child) he was voiced by a former child actor Carl Steven. He was portrayed by Freddie Prinze Jr. in the 2002-2004 live-action films and by Robbie Amell in the Cartoon Network prequel films, Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster. Zac Efron voices Fred as an adult while Pierce Gagnon voices his younger self in the theatrical animated film Scoob!.

This is a document about Scooby-Doo (character)
  in the 1998-2001 direct-to-video films and continued to voice the character regularly for video games (such as Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights), toys and some commercials until 2008. Neil Fanning provided the voice of the computer-generated Scooby-Doo in the 2002 live-action film and its 2004 sequel. Frank Welker (also the voice of Fred since 1969) has voiced Scooby since 2002, taking over beginning with What's New, Scooby-Doo? and other spin-offs including the live-action prequels Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster. Dave Coulier and Seth Green have both voiced the character in Robot Chicken. Voiced By: Portrayed By: Voiced by in unofficial material and other languages:

This is a document about Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
  Fred Jones is a fictional character in the American animated series Scooby-Doo, about a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane companion, Scooby-Doo. Fred has been primarily portrayed by voice actor Frank Welker since the character's inception in 1969.

This is a document about Big Top Scooby-Doo!
 Frank Welker - Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Matthew Lillard - Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle - Daphne Blake ; Mindy Cohn - Velma Dinkley ; Craig Ferguson - Whitney Doubleday ; Jess Harnell - Human Scooby-Doo, Guard ; Jim Meskimen - Phil Flaxman, Detective ; Peter Stormare - Wulfric von Rydingsvard ; Maurice LaMarche - Archambault ; Greg Ellis - Marius Brancusi ; Jeff Dunham - Schmatko, Conductor ; Carlos Ferro - Oliverio, Sisko ; Hynden Walch - Lena, Joan ; Candi Milo - Jean

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! and the Goblin King
 Frank Welker - Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Casey Kasem - Shaggy Rogers ; Mindy Cohn - Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle - Daphne Blake, Cat Witch, Honeybee ; Wayne Knight - The Amazing Krudsky ; Jay Leno - Jack O'Lantern ; Wallace Shawn - Mr. Gibbles ; Tim Curry - The Goblin King, Werewolf Bar Owner ; Jim Belushi - Glob ; Larry Joe Campbell - Glum ; Hayden Panettiere - Fairy Princess Willow ; Lauren Bacall - The Grand Witch ; Thom Adcox-Hernandez - Sparkplug ; Russi Taylor - Owl Witch, Tiddlywink

This is a document about Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!
 Frank Welker – Scooby-Doo and Fred ; Matthew Lillard – Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle – Daphne Blake ; Kate Micucci – Velma Dinkley

This is a document about Frank Welker
  Welker began his career as a stand-up comedian and impressionist in the 1960s, before transitioning to on-screen acting and later voice acting. His first major voice role came in 1969 as Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise. Welker has voiced Fred in almost every series and incarnation of the Scooby-Doo animated franchise (with the exceptions of A Pup Named Scooby-Doo and Scoob!) and has also provided the voice of Scooby-Doo since 2002. As of 2021, Welker is the only original voice actor still in the  Scooby-Doo franchise. His next major character voice was for Wonder Dog (which was inspired by Scooby-Doo) and Marvin White on the 1973 series Super Friends (also

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Adventures: The Mystery Map
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo ; Stephanie D'Abruzzo as Velma Dinkley, Shirley Stukowski ; Grey DeLisle Griffin as Daphne Blake, Dr. Escobar ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; John Rhys-Davies as Gnarlybeard ; Dee Bradley Baker as Ye Phantom Parrot, Stu Stukowski ; Jeff Bennett as Lighthouse Lou, Hot Dog Vendor

This is a document about Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island
  voiced Scooby-Doo, as Don Messick, the character's original voice actor, retired in 1996 and died in 1997; Zombie Island was dedicated to his memory. Heather North was set to reprise her role as Daphne, but after a day of recording, Mary Kay Bergman replaced her, while B.J. Ward, who played Velma in a Johnny Bravo crossover episode, reprised her role for this film. Frank Welker is the only actor from the original series to reprise his role, as Fred Jones. He had initially worried that the producers would replace him as well, given that the producers believed his voice had gone down

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones and Scooby-Doo ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake ; Mindy Cohn as Velma Dinkley ; Danica McKellar as Madelyn Dinkley ; James Patrick Stuart as Whirlen Merlin ; Brian Posehn as Marlon Whirlen ; Diane Delano as Alma Rumblebuns ; Jeffrey Tambor as Calvin Curdles ; Crystal Scales as Crystal ; John DiMaggio as Amos ; Dave Attell as G.P.S. ; Olivia Hack as Treena ; Dee Bradley Baker as Sherman ; Melique Berger as Maxwell's Mother ; John Stephenson as Sheriff

This is a document about Night of the Living Doo
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones and Jabberjaw ; B.J. Ward as Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake ; Scott Innes as Scooby-Doo and Shaggy Rogers ; Mark Hamill as Himself/Mr. Shifty ; Gary Coleman as Himself ; David Cross as Himself ; Scotty Morris as Himself ; Kurt Sodergren as Himself ; Dirk Shumaker as Himself ; Andy Rowley as Himself ; Glen "The Kid" Marhevka as Himself ; Karl Hunter as Himself ; Joshua Levy as Himself

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated
 Frank Welker – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones Jr. ; Mindy Cohn – Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle – Daphne Blake ; Matthew Lillard – Norville "Shaggy" Rogers

Freddie Prinze Jr. played Fred in the Scooby-Doo movie.