Question: who played tony and ziva 's daughter on ncis

Answer: Tali

This is a document about Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David
 former CIA Agent Trent Kort, and Tony learns that he and Ziva have a daughter, who she named after her sister, Tali. These events drive Tony to leave NCIS to care for their daughter. Michael Weatherly was cast for the role of Anthony "Tony" DiNozzo in 2003 and appeared in every episode of the show's first 13 seasons. The character is portrayed as "complex": he is a former Baltimore homicide detective with a "heroic spirit" as well as a "total dinosaur in terms of sexual politics". In the second season finale, "NCIS" series regular Caitlin Todd was killed off after

This is a document about Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David
 to the United States and NCIS, Ziva instead chooses to stay in Israel, with Tony reluctantly returning to the United States although Tony manages to find Ziva's Star of David necklace in his jacket pocket. In the season 13 finale "Family First," after learning of Ziva's death in the bombing of her Israel home caused by Trent Kort, the NCIS crew mourn her. Tony is then introduced to his almost two-year-old daughter, Tali. Conflicted, Tony asks Mossad Director Orli Elbaz about Ziva's motivations for not telling him about Tali. Orli tells him that she wanted to, especially as Tali grew

This is a document about Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David
 but that she feared he would not be pleased, to which Tony tells her "Then she never knew me at all." Later in the episode, Tony finds a picture of him and Ziva in Paris, to which Tali points to each of them, saying "Ima" and "Abba" indicating that she knew who he was, her father. After killing Kort, Tony and Gibbs have a heart to heart, where DiNozzo informs him that he is moving on from NCIS, with his daughter, his family. Speaking of Ziva's fate, Glasberg stated "Tremendous thought was put into every element of what you saw

This is a document about Ziva David
 Tony, and McGee, who brought her back to America. These events led to her resigning from Mossad, applying to become an NCIS agent, and being sworn in as a U.S. citizen. In the season 13 finale, "Family First", in 2016, it is discovered that she has a daughter, Tali, with Anthony DiNozzo. During a mortar attack arranged by former CIA agent Trent Kort, Ziva is apparently killed. In an interview with "Deadline Hollywood", executive producer and show runner Gary Glasberg commented on Ziva's fate; "Tremendous thought was put into every element of what you saw last night ... down to

This is a document about Ziva David
 relationship, leading to Ziva becoming pregnant. Though DiNozzo was not informed of this, Ziva gave birth to a daughter named Tali. In season thirteen ("Family First"), Ziva's farmhouse is destroyed in a mortar attack ordered by CIA Agent Trent Kort. Although Tali is found alive, the NCIS crew are informed that Ziva is dead, though her remains are not found at the house. DiNozzo subsequently departs NCIS in order to care for their daughter, and travel to both Israel (in search of answers), and Paris (as "Ziva loves Paris"). Prior to the season thirteen finale, Ziva builds a strong friendship

This is a document about Ziva David
  Ziva David (Hebrew: זיוה דוד,, feminine form of Ziv: "Radiance"; birth date November 12, 1982, Beersheba in the Negev desert of southern Israel) is a fictional character from the CBS television series NCIS, portrayed by Chilean-born American actress Cote de Pablo. Ziva first appeared in the season 3 premiere episode, "Kill Ari (Part 1)", and became a regular cast member from the episode "Silver War". She replaced Caitlin "Kate" Todd (Sasha Alexander), who was killed at the hands of Ziva's half-brother, Ari Haswari (Rudolf Martin), in the season 2 finale. Following the onscreen death of the character's father in season 10, Gabi Coccio recurrently portrayed a young Ziva in flashbacks. Ziva

This is a document about NCIS (season 13)
  Tony's father ; Leslie Hope as Sarah Porter, Secretary of the Navy ; Margo Harshman as Delilah Fielding, DoD Computer Specialist and McGee's girlfriend ; Juliette Angelo as Emily Fornell, Tobias Fornell's daughter ; Kelli Williams as Maureen Cabot, NCIS Special Agent ; Jamie Bamber as Jake Malloy, NSA attorney and Bishop's ex-husband ; Mimi Rogers as Joanna Teague, CIA Agent and Ned Dorneget's mother ; Sarah Clarke as Tess Monroe, FBI Senior Special Agent ; Duane Henry as Clayton Reeves, MI6 Senior Officer ; Mila Brener as Kelly Gibbs, Gibbs' deceased daughter ; Jon Cryer as Dr. Cyril Taft, surgeon who operates on Gibbs ; Laura San Giacomo as Dr. Grace Confalone, psychotherapist ; Marina Sirtis as Orli Elbaz, Mossad Director

This is a document about NCIS (season 17)
 Cote de Pablo as Ziva David, former Mossad Officer and former NCIS Special Agent ; Laura San Giacomo as Dr. Grace Confalone, psychotherapist ; Megan Gallagher as Jennifer Leo, Under Secretary of the Navy ; Don Lake as Phillip Brooks, Navy Captain ; Louise Barnes as Mira Sahar Azam / Sarah, Gibbs's neighbor and terrorist ; Mouzam Makkar as fake Mira Sahar Azam ; Jack Fisher as Phineas, Sarah's son ; Usman Ally as Victor Mir, NCIS target ; Damon Dayoub as Adam Eshel, Mossad Agent ; Elayn J. Taylor as Odette Malone, owner of Ziva's private office and former CIA Operative ; Kate Hamilton as Faith Tolliver, Jack Sloane's biological daughter ; Karri Turner as Micki Kaydar, Phineas' aunt

This is a document about NCIS (season 11)
  father ; Robert Wagner as Anthony DiNozzo, Sr., Tony's father ; Michelle Pierce as Breena Palmer, Jimmy Palmer's wife ; Jackie Geary as Susan Grady, NCIS Polygraph Specialist ; Diane Neal as Abigail Borin, CGIS Special Agent in Charge ; Marco Sanchez as Alejandro Rivera, incarcerated former official in the Mexican Justice Department and enemy of Gibbs ; Akinsola Aribo as Jared Vance, Leon Vance's son ; Kiara Muhammad as Kayla Vance, Leon Vance's daughter ; Melinda McGraw as Diane Sterling, Gibbs' and Fornell's ex-wife ; Leslie Hope as Sarah Porter, new Secretary of the Navy ; Margo Harshman as Delilah Fielding, DoD Computer Specialist and McGee's girlfriend ; Juliette Angelo as Emily Fornell, Tobias Fornell's daughter ; Kelli Williams as Maureen Cabot, NCIS Special Agent

This is a document about Ziva David captivity storyline
  The character of Ziva David was introduced by series creator Donald P. Bellisario in 2005 during the third season of NCIS, which follows a team of government agents who work for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Chilean-American actress Cote de Pablo was cast to portray the character, who underwent a number of revisions before ultimately being scripted as an Israeli Mossad officer assigned as a liaison to the NCIS team. She is portrayed as having a vibrant personality despite her background as an assassin and being "an extremely skilled interrogator, nearly impossible to break". Initially rejected by most of the other characters, she is eventually accepted as a member of the NCIS team and as a surrogate daughter figure to team leader Gibbs (Mark Harmon). She also serves as a foil for Special Agent Tony DiNozzo, a former Baltimore homicide cop and "wannabe

This is a document about Ziva David
  DiNozzo describes his relationship with Ziva as "a connection". The two later have a daughter named Tali, who is the reason Tony resigns from NCIS after learning Ziva had presumably died in a mortar attack (though Ziva had faked her death to escape from Sahar, a woman who had worked alongside Ziva's dead half-brother Ari).

This is a document about Ziva David
  Named for Ziva's deceased sister, Tali is the daughter of Ziva and Tony. In 2016, Tali survives a mortar attack that presumably kills Ziva, and is introduced to her father shortly thereafter at the behest of Mossad Director Orli Elbaz. Tony bonds with Tali and leaves with her for Israel and Paris to look for answers.

This is a document about Anthony DiNozzo
  Throughout seasons four to ten, Ziva and Tony were known to exhibit a high level of chemistry. Although their relationship was not explicit until the beginning of season 11 (when David's actress left the show), the close bond between the two ultimately resulted in their daughter, Tali.

This is a document about NCIS (season 16)
 Joe Spano as Tobias Fornell, Private Detective and former FBI Senior Special Agent ; Robert Wagner as Anthony DiNozzo, Sr., father of former NCIS Special Agent Anthony DiNozzo ; Scott William Winters as Westley Clark, CIA Agent ; Margo Harshman as Delilah Fielding-McGee, DoD Intelligence Analyst and McGee's wife ; Laura San Giacomo as Dr. Grace Confalone, psychotherapist ; Don Lake as Phillip Brooks, Navy Captain ; Larry Miller as Ed Slater, Jimmy Palmer's father-in-law ; Melinda McGraw as Diane Sterling, deceased IRS Special Agent and Gibbs' and Fornell's ex-wife ; Pej Vahdat as Nigel Hakim, British Humanitarian and terrorist ; Mitch Pileggi as Wynn Crawford, U.S. Secretary of Defense ; Kent Shocknek as Guy Ross, ZNN news anchor ; Mike Farrell as Judge Miles Deakin ; Elayn J. Taylor as Odette Malone, owner of Ziva's private office ; Juliette Angelo as Emily Fornell, Tobias Fornell’s daughter ; Naomi Grace as Kayla Vance, Leon Vance's daughter ; Dionne Gipson as Mallory Madden, CIA Agent and Leon Vance's ex-girlfriend ; Kate Hamilton as Faith Tolliver, Jack Sloane's biological daughter

This is a document about Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David
  that continues into the later seasons. The pairing develops at a slow pace throughout the series and is dealt a number of obstacles. This includes Tony's "commitment phobias", Ziva's trust issues, a series of other love interests, and Ziva being taken captive and presumed dead between Seasons 6 and 7 after a serious breakdown in their relationship. In the season 13 finale, Ziva is seemingly killed by a mortar attack arranged by former CIA Agent Trent Kort, and Tony learns that he and Ziva have a daughter, who she named after her sister, Tali. These events drive Tony to leave NCIS to look for answers and to care for their daughter. In the season 16 episode "She", it is revealed that Ziva is

This is a document about NCIS (season 10)
  son ; Kiara Muhammad as Kayla Vance, Leon Vance's daughter ; Daniel Louis Rivas as Kyle Davis, Abby's brother ; Melinda McGraw as Diane Sterling, Gibbs' and Fornell's ex-wife ; Matt L. Jones as Ned Dorneget, NCIS Special Agent ; Richard Schiff as Harper Dearing, NCIS target ; Ben Morrison as young Eli David, Mossad Director and Ziva's father ; Gabi Coccio as young Ziva David ; Greg Germann as Jerome Craig, NCIS Assistant Director ; Oded Fehr as Ilan Bodnar, NCIS target ; Marina Sirtis as Orli Elbaz, new Mossad Director ; Damon Dayoub as Adam Eshel, Ziva's contact ; Colin Hanks as Richard Parsons, DoD Inspector

This is a document about Cote de Pablo
  De Pablo is primarily known for her portrayal of Ziva David, an Israeli Mossad officer turned NCIS agent, in the police procedural drama NCIS. She had submitted a videotape audition while waiting for The Mambo Kings to move forward and was asked to fly to Los Angeles for a screen test two days after it was canceled. Network executives arranged for her to act alongside series regular Michael Weatherly to test for chemistry during her second audition; he went off script by brushing her hair back and commenting, "You remind me of Salma Hayek". De Pablo's response to Weatherly was to stay in character and she "dismissed him completely". Afterward, producer Donald P. Bellisario met with her

This is a document about Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David
  In the season 13 finale "Family First," after learning of Ziva's death in the bombing of her Israel home caused by Trent Kort, the NCIS crew mourn her. Tony is then introduced to his almost two-year-old daughter, Tali. Conflicted, Tony asks Mossad Director Orli Elbaz about Ziva's motivations for not telling him about Tali. Orli tells him that she wanted to, especially as Tali grew but that she feared he would not be pleased, to which Tony tells her "Then she never knew me at all." Later in the episode, Tony finds a picture of him and Ziva in Paris, to which Tali points to each of them, saying "Ima" and "Abba" indicating

This is a document about Ziva David
  Born in Be'er Sheva, Israel on November 12, 1982, Ziva is one of three children fathered by the fictional Mossad Director Eli David, the other two being Ari, an older half brother, and Tali, a younger sister who was killed in a Hamas suicide bombing at the age of 16. Her mother, Rivka (Weronika Rosati), is infrequently mentioned throughout the series; she is referred to as having taught Ziva how to drive and preferring that she play with dolls instead of "boy games" like Battleship and G.I. Joe. By 1991, Rivka took her children and left Eli because she could

Mia Zottoli played Tony and Ziva's daughter Tali on NCIS.


Question: how many jurors in a criminal case australia

Answer: 12

This is a document about Jury
 is used. The use of a jury is optional for civil trials in any Australian state. The use of a jury in criminal trials is generally by a unanimous verdict of 12 lay members of the public. Some States provide exceptions such as majority (11-to-1 or 10-to-2) verdicts where a jury cannot otherwise reach a verdict. Sometimes a state law may allow an accused person to elect to use a judge-only trial rather than the default jury provision. The Constitution of Australia provides in section 80 that 'the trial on indictment of any offense against any law of the Commonwealth

This is a document about Criminal procedure in California
 and the Defense Attorney take turns asking questions to potential jurors. Both sides can disqualify jurors that they think won't help them. The process ends when both sides find 12 jurors plus one standby juror that they both accept, or both sides run out of juror challenges. Each side can disqualify 10 potential jurors each without giving a reason to the judge. After 10 challenges, they have to show good cause (i.e. give a reason) to continue disqualifying potential jurors. Since the Defendant is assumed innocent until proven guilty, the District Attorney has the burden of proving their case, so

This is a document about Supreme Court of Christmas Island
 by the Governor-General constituted it as required. The court was permitted to sit anywhere in Australia as the interests of justice required, and was not confined to hearing a case on the island. When hearing criminal cases, the court sat with a jury to determine an accused person’s guilt. If the court sat outside the island, the court could use jurors from the State or Territory that the court was actually sitting at. In April 1988 the court tried two defendants concerning the murder of Tan Soo Cher (Tan). Tan had been murdered during the early hours of 12 May

This is a document about Jury selection
 verdict. Part XX of the "Criminal Code of Canada" allows for a jury in a Canadian murder trial to consist of twelve jurors. However, a minimum of ten jurors and a maximum of 14 jurors may hear the evidence a trial. At the end of trial, a maximum of twelve jurors and minimum of ten jurors may deliberate. Section 631(2.2) as well as section 643 of the "Criminal Code" specify that a jury may consist of either 12, 13 or 14 members, however, 12 is most common. Section 631(2.2) allows a judge to order that 13 or 14 jurors be

This is a document about Jury
 majority or supermajority. A jury that is unable to come to a verdict is referred to as a hung jury. The size of the jury varies; in criminal cases involving serious felonies there are usually 12 jurors. In civil cases many trials require fewer than twelve jurors. A grand jury, a type of jury now confined almost exclusively to federal courts and some state jurisdictions in the United States, determines whether there is enough evidence for a criminal trial to go forward. Grand juries carry out this duty by examining evidence presented to them by a prosecutor and issuing indictments,

This is a document about Jury trial
 for serious crimes the accused has the option of a jury trial consisting of 12 jurors. The number of jury trials remains small, at about 600 per year, out of about 1 million trials. A juror must be 25 years old, legally competent, and without a criminal record. The 12 jurors are selected by the prosecution and defense from a list of 30–40 eligible candidates. The Constitution of Russia stipulates that, until the abolition of the death penalty, all defendants in a case that may result in a death sentence are entitled to a jury trial. Lawmakers are continuously chipping

This is a document about Jury
 refusal to impanel more than the six members provided for by Florida law "did not violate petitioner's Sixth Amendment rights as applied to the States through the Fourteenth." In "Ballew v. Georgia", , the Supreme Court ruled that the number of jurors could not be reduced below six. In "Brownlee v The Queen" (2001) 207 CLR 278, the High Court of Australia unanimously held that a jury of 12 members was not an essential feature of "trial by jury" in section 80 of the Australian Constitution. In Scotland, a jury in a criminal trial consists of 15 jurors, which is

This is a document about Petit jury
 serious felonies there are usually 12 jurors, although Scotland uses 15. A number of countries that are not in the English common law tradition have quasi-juries on which lay judges or jurors and professional judges deliberate together regarding criminal cases. However, the common law trial jury is the most common type of jury system. In civil cases many trials require fewer than twelve jurors. Juries are almost never used in civil cases outside the United States and Canada. Other states with a common law tradition sometimes use them in defamation cases, in cases involving a governmental eminent domain power, and

This is a document about Jury
 jury is then randomly selected by drawing of lots. Juries are not used in other criminal and civil cases. For most other cases in the first and second tier courts lay judges sit alongside professional judges. Lay judges participate in deciding both the facts of the case and sentencing. Lay judges are appointed by local authorities, or in practice by the political parties represented on the authorities. Lay judges are therefore usually selected from among nominees of ruling political parties. In England and Wales jury trials are used for criminal cases, requiring 12 jurors (between the ages of 18 and

This is a document about Jury
  Each state may determine the extent to which the use of a jury is used. The use of a jury is optional for civil trials in any Australian state. The use of a jury in criminal trials is generally by a unanimous verdict of 12 lay members of the public. Some States provide exceptions such as majority (11-to-1 or 10-to-2) verdicts where a jury cannot otherwise reach a verdict. All states except Victoria allow a person accused of a criminal offence to elect to be tried by a judge-alone rather than the default jury provision.

This is a document about Hung jury
  In Canada, the jury must reach a unanimous decision on criminal cases. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous decision, a hung jury is declared. A new panel of jurors will be selected for the retrial. Each jury in criminal courts contains 12 jurors. In civil cases, only six people are necessary for a jury, and if there is only one dissenter (i.e. a 5-1 vote) the dissenter can be ignored with the majority opinion becoming the final verdict.

This is a document about Jury trial
  majority verdicts for all crimes except for murder and other offences that carry a life sentence, although only 11:1 or 10:1 majorities are allowed. Majority verdicts were introduced in New South Wales in 2006. In New South Wales, a majority verdict can only be returned if the jury consists of at least 11 jurors and the deliberation has occurred for at least 8 hours or for a period that the court considers reasonable having regard to the nature and complexity of the case. Additionally, the court must be satisfied through examination of one or more of the jurors on oath, that a unanimous verdict will not be reached if further deliberation were to occur.

This is a document about Jury system in Hong Kong
  Provided in Section 25(4) of the Jury Ordinance, the jury shall consist of not less than five persons in any civil or criminal trial or coroner's inquest. Accordingly, criminal cases are normally tried by a seven-person jury. From time to time, at the discretion of the judge, a jury may increase in size to nine jurors.

This is a document about Jury
  Scotland, a jury in a criminal trial consists of 15 jurors, which is thought to be the largest in the world. In 2009 a review by the Scottish Government regarding the possibility of reduction led to the decision to retain 15 jurors, with the Cabinet Secretary for Justice stating that after extensive consultation, he had decided that Scotland had got it "uniquely right". Trials in the Republic of Ireland which are scheduled to last over 2 months can, but do not have to, have 15 jurors. A study by the University of Glasgow suggested that a civil jury of 12 people was ineffective because a few jurors ended up dominating the discussion, and that seven was a better number because more people feel comfortable speaking, and they have an easier time reaching a unanimous decision.

This is a document about Not proven
  In Scotland, a criminal case may be decided either in solemn procedure by a jury (instructed by the judge), or in summary procedure by the judge alone (with no jury appointed). There are various rules for when the one or the other procedure may or must be employed; in general, juries are employed for the more severe accusations, while petty crimes and offences are treated summarily. A criminal case jury consists of fifteen jurors, who make their decision by a simple majority vote: eight votes are necessary and sufficient for the verdict guilty, which has replaced the verdict proven. Approximately one-third of all acquittal

This is a document about Jury trial
  In Australia majority verdicts are allowed in South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania, the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Queensland, while the ACT require unanimous verdicts. Since 1927 South Australia has permitted majority verdicts of 11:1, and 10:1 or 9:1 where the jury has been reduced, in criminal trials if a unanimous verdict cannot be reached in four hours. They are accepted in all cases except for "guilty" verdicts where the defendant is on trial for murder or treason. Victoria has accepted majority verdicts with the same conditions since 1994, though deliberations must go on for six hours before a majority verdict can be made. Western Australia accepted majority verdicts in 1957 for

This is a document about Jury
   The size of the jury is to provide a "cross-section" of the public. In Williams v. Florida,, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that a Florida state jury of six was sufficient, that "the 12-man panel is not a necessary ingredient of "trial by jury," and that respondent's refusal to impanel more than the six members provided for by Florida law "did not violate petitioner's Sixth Amendment rights as applied to the States through the Fourteenth." In Ballew v. Georgia, , the Supreme Court ruled that the number of jurors could not be reduced below six. In Brownlee v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 278, the High Court of Australia unanimously held that a jury of 12 members was not an essential feature of "trial by jury" in section 80 of the Australian Constitution.

This is a document about Jury trial
  The voir dire system of examining the jury pool before selection is not permitted in Australia as it violates the privacy of jurors. Therefore, though it exists, the right to challenge for cause during jury selection cannot be employed much. Peremptory challenges are usually based on the hunches of counsel and no reason is needed to use them. All Australian states allow for peremptory challenges in jury selection; however, the number of challenges granted to the counsels in each state are not all the same. Until 1987 New South Wales had twenty peremptory challenges for each side where the offence was murder, and eight for all other cases. In 1987 this was lowered to three peremptory challenges per side, the same amount allowed in South Australia. Eight peremptory challenges are allowed for both counsels for all offences in Queensland. Victoria, Tasmania and the Northern Territory allow for six. Western Australia allows three peremptory challenges per side unless there is more than one accused in which case the prosecution can peremptorily challenge 3 times the number of accused and each accused has 3 peremptory challenges.

This is a document about Jury
  Normally consisting of twelve persons, juries are selected from a jury panel which is picked at random by the county registrar from the electoral register. Juries only decide questions of fact and have no role in criminal sentencing. It is not necessary that a jury be unanimous in its verdict. In civil cases, a verdict may be reached by a majority of nine of the twelve members. In a criminal case, a verdict need not be unanimous where there are not fewer than eleven jurors if ten of them agree on a verdict after considering the case for a

This is a document about Trial by jury in Scotland
  that the accused is guilty; should fewer than eight jurors declare a guilty verdict then the accused is acquitted, so a hung jury is an impossibility in Scottish criminal law. In the past some people were executed on majority verdicts in Scotland, such as Susan Newell, who had one juror dissenting. The jury has a choice of three verdicts: guilty (a conviction), not guilty (acquittal) and not proven (also acquittal). In civil trials there is a jury of 12 people, and a hung jury is possible. The pool of potential jurors is chosen purely at random, and Scottish courts have set themselves against any form of jury vetting.

In a criminal case in Australia, a jury consists of 12 jurors. However, the Supreme Court of Australia may sit with fewer jurors if necessary.


Question: there are two parts to the fourth amendment the reasonableness clause and the

Answer: probable cause

This is a document about Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 officers have reasonable grounds for believing that the search will result in the finding of evidence of illegal activity. However, in "Safford Unified School District v. Redding" (2009), the Court ruled that school officials violated the Fourth Amendment when they strip searched a 13-year-old girl based only on a student claiming to have received drugs from that student. Similarly, in "Samson v. California" (2006), the Court ruled that government offices may be searched for evidence of work-related misconduct by government employees on similar grounds. Searches of prison cells are subject to no restraints relating to reasonableness or probable cause. One

This is a document about United States v. Kincade
 right against unreasonable searches and seizures? The government can collect and store a parolee's DNA, subjecting a parolee to a blood test, without violating that person Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable searches and seizures. First, because Fourth Amendment is involved, the "reasonableness in all the circumstances of the particular governmental invasion of a citizen's personal security." Reasonableness is inexorably tied to whether government complied with the Warrant Clause, which is predicated on probable cause. However, there are instance where "Special Needs" supplants the Warrant Clause to have reasonable suspicion. Despite having an interest in bodily integrity, blood test now happen

This is a document about Maryland v. King
 on probable cause), normally required with a general standard of reasonableness in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, has been debated. Instead of obtaining a warrant or tying the DNA swabbing to an individualized suspicion, taking DNA soon after an arrest is justified based on reasonableness by weighing "the promotion of legitimate governmental interests" against "the degree to which [the search] intrudes upon an individual's privacy" (133 S.Ct. at 1970). In later cases, the Court has continued to maintain that a warrant is required unless a well-defined categorical exception to the warrant requirement applies or the search is "special needs," "administrative" or "regulatory"

This is a document about Almeida-Sanchez v. United States
 would have held that neither probable cause nor a warrant was necessary in this case because the proper Fourth Amendment standard is reasonableness. Justice White notes the special context in this case due to the stop's proximity to the border. He notes that many cases permit unfettered searches at the border and at fixed checkpoints near the border. Justice White then discusses cases in which something less than probable cause justified a search, noting that the search was still reasonable and lawful under the Fourth Amendment. Next, Justice White discusses the heavily regulated industry cases cited in the Majority. He

This is a document about Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
 privacy, dignity and security of persons against certain arbitrary and invasive acts by officers of the Government, without regard to whether the government actor is investigating crime or performing another function". In "Mapp v. Ohio" (1961), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment applies to the states by way of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central issues: what government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"; what constitutes probable cause for these actions; how violations of Fourth Amendment rights should be addressed. The Fourth Amendment typically requires "a neutral and

This is a document about 020413 DOJ White Paper
 has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a threat of serious physical harm, either to the officer or to others, it is not constitutionally unreasonable to prevent escape by using deadly force." Garner, 471 U.S. at 11. Thus, "if the suspect threatens the officer with a weapon or there is probable cause to believe that he has committed a crime involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm, deadly force may be used if necessary to prevent escape, and if, where feasible, some warning has been given." Id. at 11-12. The Fourth Amendment "reasonableness" test is

This is a document about Ybarra v. Illinois
 requirement and the warrant requirement. In particular, the central question has been whether and under what circumstances the police are entitled to conduct "reasonable" searches without first securing a warrant. As this Court has summarized: "Some have argued that a determination by a magistrate of probable cause as a precondition of any search or Page 444 U. S. 101 seizure is so essential that the Fourth Amendment is violated whenever the police might reasonably have obtained a warrant but failed to do so. Others have argued with equal force that a test of reasonableness, applied after the fact of search

This is a document about County of Riverside v. McLaughlin
 30 days without probable cause was unconstitutional – and close interpretation of the Fourth Amendment, they found that the County of Riverside’s practice of keeping suspects in custody without probable cause determination amounted to illegal detention (or held in custody without being charged). Illegal detention would unquestionably violate the unreasonable search and seizure clause of the Fourth Amendment; withholding probable cause determination to suspects would also violate the Fourth Amendment as well. Justice O'Connor, joined by Chief Justice Rehinquist and Justices White, Kennedy and Souter, wrote the opinion of the Court, stating: This is not to say that the probable

This is a document about O'Connor v. Ortega
 his concurrence in "T.L.O." out of context to support its reasonableness standard. He did not feel, as they did, that outside of special cases such as the school system that it would have been detrimental to the operations of a public agency such as the hospital to have some sort of independent review and establish probable cause for an administrative search related to possible violations of policy. After recounting the history of the case and the sweep of the Court's prior Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, O'Connor, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice White, and Justice Powell, defined the boundaries of the

This is a document about Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
   The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. It prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures. In addition, it sets requirements for issuing warrants: warrants must be issued by a judge or magistrate, justified by probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and must particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of Fourth Amendment rights. Early court decisions limited the amendment's

This is a document about NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)
  The Fourth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and prohibits "unreasonable" searches and seizures by the government. A search warrant must be judicially sanctioned, based on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation (usually by a law enforcement officer), particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized, limited in scope (according to specific information supplied to the issuing court). It is solely a right of the people that neither the Executive nor Legislative branch can lawfully abrogate, even if acting in concert: no statute can make an unreasonable search reasonable. The term "unreasonable" connotes the sense that a constitutional search has a rational basis, that it is not an

This is a document about Random checkpoint
  The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that: “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.” This fundamental right has a tense relationship with sobriety checkpoints. At a sobriety checkpoint, drivers are necessarily stopped without reasonable suspicion, and may be asked to be tested summarily and without probable cause. Thus the Constitution would prohibit people from

This is a document about Search and seizure
  The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The text of the amendment is brief, and most of the law determining what constitutes an unlawful search and seizure is found in court rulings. The brief definitions of the terms "search" and "seizure" was concisely summarized in United States v. Jacobsen, which said that the Fourth Amendment: "protects two types of expectations, one involving "searches", the other "seizures". A search occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed. A seizure of property occurs where there is some meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interests in that property."

This is a document about Wilson v. Arkansas
 The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures." In evaluating the scope of this right, we have looked to the traditional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures afforded by the common law at the time of the framing. See California v. Hodari D., 499 U.S. 621, 624 (1991); United States v. Watson, 423 U.S. 411, 418-420 (1976); Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 149 (1925). "Although the underlying command of the Fourth Amendment is always that searches and seizures be reasonable," New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325, 337 (1985), our effort to give content to this term may be guided by the meaning ascribed to it

This is a document about Soldal v. Cook County
  The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment), provides that: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated...." As was defined by United States v. Jacobsen, the first Clause of the Fourth Amendment: "protects two types of expectations, one involving 'searches', the other 'seizures'. A search occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed. A seizure of property occurs where there is some meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interests in that property." The Fourth Amendment proscribes unreasonable seizure of any person, or of any person's home (including its curtilage) or personal property without a warrant. Although much of the recent body of Fourth Amendment cases have turned on privacy issues, there is nothing in the case law that says that a seizure must invoke a privacy concern in order to implicate the Fourth Amendment. In fact, the Amendment protects both property and privacy, both together and separately.

This is a document about Buckley v. Haddock
  but also not given adequate time to comply with Rackard's orders after being tased. She also suggested publishing the video taken from Rackard's cruiser's dashboard camera for public consideration. In discussing law enforcement's rights with regard to their use of force on citizens, the court referred to the Fourth Amendment. With this amendment, the court established what is "reasonable" for law enforcement to be able to do. In Buckley v. Haddock, the court viewed the officers' actions as objectively reasonable. Buckley's unwillingness to obey the law, and the fact that he and the officer were at risk of harm, gave rise to the officer's right to

This is a document about Privacy and the US government
  The Fourth Amendment states that “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated”. Therefore, the Fourth Amendment gives a constitutional right to security for people's "private places, and private things". Most privacy violation court cases (prior to explicit court precedents and legislation) relied on the "unreasonable" verbiage as the basis for there arguments of infringement of privacy. This suggests that whenever a search or seizure was deemed unreasonable the seized evidence was considered unlawful and could not be used in the trial after arresting and booking the plaintiffs. This amendment required law officials to obtain a warrant prior to searching the client if there was no justification for "reasonable cause". The government previously used privacy and intrusiveness as the measure through which to determine the "unreasonableness"; however now they use a combination of the "expectation of privacy" through “societal knowledge”, and legislation to determine the need of warrantless searches within varying contexts and environments.

This is a document about Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
  The Fourth Amendment proscribes unreasonable seizure of any person, person's home (including its curtilage) or personal property without a warrant. A seizure of property occurs when there is "some meaningful interference with an individual's possessory interests in that property," such as when police officers take personal property away from an owner to use as evidence, or when they participate in an eviction. The amendment also protects against unreasonable seizure of persons, including a brief detention. A seizure does not occur just because the government questions an individual in a public place. The exclusionary rule would not bar voluntary answers to such questions from being offered into evidence in a subsequent criminal prosecution. The person is not being seized if his freedom of movement

This is a document about Florida v. Bostick
  The Fourth Amendment forbids "unreasonable" searches and seizures. When the police detain a person for any length of time, it is a "seizure" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. The Court has found not all seizures to be unreasonable, and much Fourth Amendment law consists of explaining what makes certain governmental actions "unreasonable." Justice O'Connor began by reciting certain basic ideas about what does not make a seizure unreasonable. It is not unreasonable for the police to approach a citizen and ask him a few questions, as long as a reasonable person would feel free to disregard the questions and carry on with his business. For police activity to constitute

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution consists of two main parts: the Reasonableness Clause and the Prohibition against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures. The Reasonableness Clause requires that any search or seizure be reasonable, taking into account the specific circumstances of each case. The Prohibition against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures protects individuals from unwarranted intrusions into their privacy by the government. In the context of the provided text, the cases discussed involve the application of the Fourth Amendment to various searches and seizures, with


Question: who won heart of atlanta motel v. united states

Answer: U.S. Congress

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
 Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case holding that the Commerce Clause gave the U.S. Congress power to force private businesses to abide by Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in public accommodations. This important case represented an immediate challenge to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the landmark piece of civil rights legislation which represented the first comprehensive act by Congress on civil rights and race relations since the Civil Rights Act

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  The United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ruled in favor of the United States and issued a permanent injunction requiring the Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. to refrain from using racial discrimination when providing services or goods to guests or the general public on its premises. The case was combined with the case of the future Governor of Georgia Lester Maddox, regarding his Pickrick restaurant and his refusal to serve African Americans. The opinion of the court, announced on December 14, 1964, was delivered by Justice Tom C. Clark, with concurring opinions by Justice Arthur Goldberg, Justice Hugo Black, and Justice William O. Douglas. The U.S. Supreme Court held that Congress acted well within its authority under the Commerce Clause in passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thereby upholding

This is a document about Hotels in Atlanta
  Atlanta was home to the deadliest hotel fire in United States when a fire broke out in the Winecoff Hotel on December 7, 1946. In the ensuing disaster, 119 people died. This event contributed to massive changes in North American building codes. The Winecoff would remain abandoned for several years before reopening in the 1950s with a changed name. In 1964, the Supreme Court case Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States pertained to a motel in Atlanta and was a landmark case in the Civil rights movement. The owner of the Heart of Atlanta Motel had refused to rent rooms to African American patrons and the case pertained to Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in public accommodations. The Supreme Court against the motel owner and affirmed the constitutionality of the act.

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Commerce Clause gave the U.S. Congress power to force private businesses to abide by Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in public accommodations.

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  The Heart of Atlanta Motel was a large, 216-room motel that opened on September 5, 1956 in Atlanta, Georgia. In direct violation of the terms of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned racial discrimination in public places, largely based on Congress's control of interstate commerce, the motel refused to rent rooms to African-American patrons. The owner, Moreton Rolleston, filed suit in federal court, arguing that the requirements of the Act exceeded the authority the Commerce Clause granted to Congress over interstate commerce. Rolleston specifically argued against Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religion, or national origin in places of public accommodation. Hotels and motels are included as types of public accommodation in

This is a document about December 1964
 In two separate cases, Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States and Katzenbach v. McClung, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in its prohibition of racial discrimination in lodging and in restaurants, respectively. Associate Justice Tom C. Clark wrote the majority opinions in both cases. In both cases, the Court rejected the argument that the businesses were not within the jurisdiction of the "Commerce Clause" of the U.S. Constitution, which permits (in Article I, Section 8) Congress "To regulate Commerce... among the several States" because neither the Atlanta motel, nor the Birmingham restaurant (Ollie's Barbecue) owned by McClung, were engaged in interstate commerce.  Clark noted that the motel served

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States has been cited in at least 690 other case decisions since its ruling, including multiple other Supreme Court cases. A notable example includes the 1997 case Camps Newfound/Owatonna, Inc. v. Town of Harrison, in which a summer camp in Maine that mainly serviced out-of-state residents fought against a state tax exemption statute that favored organizations that serviced state residents. The courts compared out-of-state campers staying at a summer camp to out-of-state residents occupying a hotel, deeming the camp a participant in interstate commerce. Another example is the 1966 case United States v. Guest, in which the courts ruled, due to the conspiratorial murder of Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn while he was traveling home, that forcefully depriving someone's right to travel is unconstitutional.

This is a document about Timeline of African-American history
  Freedom Democratic Party delegates challenge the seating of all-white Mississippi representatives at the Democratic national convention. ; December 10 – Martin Luther King Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, the youngest person so honored. ; December 14 – In Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Civil Rights Act of 1964. February 18 – A peaceful protest march in Marion, Alabama leads to Jimmie Lee Jackson being shot by Alabama state trooper James Bonard Fowler. Jackson dies on February 26, and Fowler is indicted for his murder in 2007. ; February 21 – Malcolm

This is a document about Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
  act's Title II in question. While it might have been possible for Congress to pursue other methods for abolishing racial discrimination, the way in which Congress did so, according to the Court, was perfectly valid. It found no merit in the arguments pursuant to the Thirteenth Amendment, finding it difficult to conceive that such an amendment might be applicable in restraining civil rights legislation. Having observed that 75% of the Heart of Atlanta Motel's clientele came from out-of-state and that it was strategically located near Interstates 75 and 85 as well as two major Georgia highways, the Court found that the business clearly affected interstate commerce. Accordingly, it upheld the permanent injunction issued by the district court and required the Heart of Atlanta Motel to receive business from the clientele of all ethnicities.

This is a document about Civil Rights Act of 1964
  After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, the Supreme Court upheld the law's application to the private sector, on the grounds that Congress has the power to regulate commerce between the States. The landmark case Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States established the law's constitutionality, but did not settle all the legal questions surrounding it.

This is a document about August 1964
  Central Committee prior to the beginning of the 1964-1965 school year. ; Associate Justice Hugo L. Black of the United States Supreme Court rejected requests by the Heart of Atlanta Motel and by the Pickrick Restaurant (owned by Lester Maddox in Atlanta) for a temporary stay of enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provisions prohibiting racial discrimination in public accommodations. Both the motel and the restaurant had urged that they would suffer irreparable injury (in the form of lost revenues) if they had to serve African-American customers while litigation on the constitutionality of the new law was pending

This is a document about National League of Cities v. Usery
  Relying on language from Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, Justice William Rehnquist, writing for the majority, acknowledged that Congress may exercise power over private endeavors even when doing so preempts state law so long as the means chosen are reasonably adapted to the legitimate ends. However, the Court distinguished the case from Darby, explaining that the 10th amendment declares that Congress cannot exercise its power so as to impair the states' integrity or their ability to function effectively in a federal system. Congress may have the authority to regulate individual businesses under the Commerce Clause, but in this case they are regulating not just individuals, but the "States as States." Additionally, the Court recognized that while Congress may have the affirmative authority

This is a document about List of United States Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment
 Coker v. Georgia, ; Ford v. Wainwright, ; Thompson v. Oklahoma, ; Stanford v. Kentucky, ; Breard v. Greene, ; Stewart v. Martinez-Villareal, ; Atkins v. Virginia, ; Roper v. Simmons, ; Medellín v. Dretke, ; Oregon v. Guzek, ; Hill v. McDonough, ; Kansas v. Marsh, ; Panetti v. Quarterman, ; Medellín v. Texas, ; Baze v. Rees, ; Harbison v. Bell, ; Bobby v. Bies, ; Leal Garcia v. Texas, ; Hall v. Florida, ; Davis v. Ayala, ; Glossip v. Gross, ; Kansas v. Carr, ; Buck v. Davis, ; Moore v. Texas, ; McWilliams v. Dunn, ; Davila v. Davis, ; Ayestas v. Davis, ; Shoop v. Hill, ; Moore v. Texas, ; Madison v. Alabama, ; Bucklew v. Precythe, ; McKinney v. Arizona, ; Kahler v. Kansas, ; Andrus v. Texas, ; Barr v. Lee, ; Shinn v. Kayer, ; Mays v. Hines, ; Dunn v. Reeves, ; Ramirez v. Collier, ; United States v. Tsarnaev (TBD) ; Shinn v. Ramirez (TBD)

This is a document about Racial segregation
  rules and laws, such as refusing to give up a seat in the black part of the bus to a white person (Rosa Parks), or holding sit-ins at all-white diners. By 1968, all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved. The Warren Court's decision on landmark case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1954 outlawed segregation in public schools, and its decision on Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States in 1964 prohibits racial segregation and

This is a document about June 1972
 The landmark case of Furman v. Georgia, on the unconstitutionality of all existing American state laws permitting the execution of prisoners, was decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, along with Justices William Rehnquist, Harry Blackmun and Lewis F. Powell Jr., voted to sustain the death penalty, and Justices William J. Brennan Jr., Thurgood Marshall, William O. Douglas and Potter Stewart voted to declare the laws unconstitutional.  The 4–4 tie was broken by the last of the justices to weigh in, Byron White, who surprised observers by agreeing that the laws violated guarantees

This is a document about Earl Warren
  that were prevalent throughout the Southern United States. In Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964), the Court upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal law that prohibits racial segregation in public institutions and public accommodations. In the 1960s, the Warren Court handed down several landmark rulings that significantly transformed criminal procedure, redistricting, and other areas of the law. Many of the Court's decisions incorporated the Bill of Rights, making the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state and local governments. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established a criminal defendant's right to an attorney in felony cases, and

This is a document about Civil Rights Cases
  14th amendment has never been overturned, in the 1964 case of Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, the Supreme Court held that Congress could prohibit racial discrimination by private actors under the Commerce Clause, though that and other loose interpretations of the Clause to expand federal power have been subject to criticism. During Reconstruction, Congress had passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which entitled everyone to access accommodation, public transport, and theaters regardless of race or color. In his majority opinion in the Civil Rights Cases, Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley struck down the Civil Rights Act

This is a document about Ready to Die
  On March 24, 2006, Bridgeport Music and Westbound Records won a federal lawsuit against Bad Boy Records for copyright infringement, with a jury deciding that Combs and Bad Boy had illegally used samples for the production of the songs "Ready to Die", "Machine Gun Funk", and "Gimme the Loot". The jury awarded $4.2 million in punitive and direct damages to the two plaintiffs, and federal judge Todd Campbell enacted an immediate sales ban on the album and tracks in question. On appeal, the Sixth Circuit found the damages unconstitutionally high and in violation of due process and remanded the case, at which point Campbell reduced them by $2.8 million; however, the verdict was upheld. All versions of the album released since the lawsuit are without the disputed samples. Although a fair use issue, Combs and Bad Boy never raised the legal concept

This is a document about Cherokee Nation
  On July 9, 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled in a 5–4 decision that the original treaties, and promise of a reservation, with the Five Civilized Tribes (specifically the Muscogee in McGirt v. Oklahoma) were never withdrawn. This decision restored the reservation status of the Cherokee Nation and, as such, relinquished legal jurisdiction from the State of Oklahoma of Native American citizens on the previously designated land. The majority opinion was held by justices Sonia Sotomayor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Stephen Breyer, and Neil Gorsuch. Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin, Jr. said: "We have long held that Cherokee Nation has a reservation, rooted in our treaties, as the Supreme Court of the United States has now

The United States won the case, Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, as the Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution gave Congress the power to force private businesses to comply with Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination in public accommodations.


Question: what are the established years of spanish occupancy of the philippines

Answer: 1521 to 1898

This is a document about History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
 History of the Philippines (1521–1898) The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period, a period that spans during the Captaincy General of the Philippines located in the collection of Islands in Southeast Asia that was colonized by Spain known as 'Las Islas Filipinas', under New Spain until Mexican independence which gave Madrid direct control over the area. It was also known as Spanish East Indies to the colonialist. It started with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was a

This is a document about History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
 of Paris (1898) was signed, ending the Spanish–American War and selling the Philippines to the United States for $20 million. With this treaty, Spanish rule in the Philippines formally ended. On January 23, 1899, Aguinaldo established the First Philippine Republic in Malolos. On February 4, 1899, the Philippine–American War began with the Battle of Manila (1899) between Americans forces and the nascent Philippine Republic. History of the Philippines (1521–1898) The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period, a period that spans during the Captaincy General of the Philippines located in the collection

This is a document about Pablo Ocampo
 Pablo Ocampo Pablo de Leon Ocampo (January 25, 1853 – February 5, 1925) was a Filipino lawyer,nationalist, a member of the Malolos Congress, one of the first Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands to the United States Congress and a member of the 2nd Philippine Legislature. He gave his service to his country and helped to bring about the peaceful transition of the Philippines, from being a colony of Spain for more than 300 years (1521 to 1898) to what will later become the American Commonwealth of the Philippines. Ocampo was born in Manila, Spanish Philippines on January 25, 1853

This is a document about Spanish Filipino
  Spanish Philippines is the history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898. It begins with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was an overseas province of Spain, and ends with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in 1898. The Spanish conquest of 1565, prompted the colonization of the Philippine Islands that lasted for 333 years. The Philippines was a former territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the grant of independence to Mexico in 1821 necessitated the direct government from Spain of the Philippines from that

This is a document about List of years in the Philippines
  This is a list of years in the Philippines.

This is a document about History of the Pacific Islands
  Ferdinand Magellan, who arrived on Homonhon Island, southeast of Samar on 16 March 1521. Spanish colonization began with the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi's expedition and permanent settlement in the island of Cebu in 1565, and more settlements continued northward with the Spanish settlers reaching the bay of Manila on the island of Luzon in 1571. In Manila, they established a new town and thus began an era of Spanish colonization that lasted for more than three centuries. The Philippines were conquered by the United States in 1898, occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945 and given independence in 1946.

This is a document about History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
  The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898, also known as the Spanish Philippines or the Spanish colonial period, was the period during which the Philippines were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under New Spain until Mexican independence in 1821, resulting in direct Spanish control during a period of governmental instability there. Forty-four years after Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines and died in the Battle of Mactan during his Spanish expedition to circumnavigate the globe, the Spaniards successfully annexed and colonized the islands during the reign of Philip II of Spain, whose name remained attached to the country. The Spanish colonial period ended with the Philippine Revolution in 1898, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history.

This is a document about Spanish Filipino
  Spanish Filipinos (Español Filipino / Hispano Filipino; ; Filipino/Kastilà / Espanyól / Tisoy / Konyo; Katsílà / Ispaniyul; ) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to early Spanish settlers and more recent arrivals or via Mexico who settled in the Philippines during the 16th to 20th century. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 16th century, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565 and later established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571. The Philippine

This is a document about Spanish influence on Filipino culture
  Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the 1500s, during the Spanish colonial period of the islands. The conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement in Cebu in 1565 and later established Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571. The Philippine Islands are named after King Philip. Spaniards are referred to by Filipinos as "Kastila" (Castilian) named after the former Kingdom of Castile, now a region of Spain. The majority of the Filipinos of Spanish descent are of Spaniard origin, while a very small minority are Latin American descents. Another term for them is Spanish Filipino.

This is a document about History of Basilan
  as a Spanish possession as early as 1636, formally organized as the 6th District of the Police-Military Government of Mindanao by 1860, and completely pacified by 1886 - a period spanning exactly 250 years. In September 1581, Msgr. Domingo de Salazar, O.P., the first bishop of the islands, arrived in Manila. It was during his time and on his initiative that an assembly of sorts was convened in 1582 on the lines of a council, "to deal with matters concerning the furthering of the Faith and the justification of past and future conquests by Spain". The fathers of the council

This is a document about Spanish language in the Philippines
   Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries (333 years) of the Philippines being part of the Spanish Empire and continued to serve as a lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. It was first introduced to the Philippines in 1565, when the conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi founded the first Spanish settlement on the island of Cebú. The Philippines, ruled first from Mexico City and later from Madrid, was a Spanish territory for 333 years (1565–1898). Schooling was a priority, however. The Augustinians opened a school immediately upon arriving in Cebú in 1565. The Franciscans

This is a document about La Union
  A year after Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi made Manila the capital of the Philippines on June 24, 1571, the Spaniards started the colonization in Northern Luzon “to pacify the people in it” In June, 1572, the conquistadores led by Juan de Salcedo (grandson of Legazpi) sailing the Angalakan River and landed in “Aroo” or “Agoho” present Agoo, then a part of Pangasinan. Juan de Salcedo saw three Japanese ships, he tracked them down until they landed in a Japanese settlement. The Japanese were permitted to stay after paying tribute. As a result of the incident, Agoo was dubbed "El Puerto de

This is a document about Rolling the R's
  The Philippines have a long colonial history, dating back to 1521 when they were colonized by Spain. The Spanish remained in the Philippines until the Spanish–American War of 1898. In fact, the title Rolling the R's refers to the tendency of Filipino immigrants to roll their r's while speaking in English, a linguistic hold-over from Ilocano, a Filipino language which is rooted in Spanish influence. Spanish rule ended in 1898 but the Philippines experienced 48 more years of outside domination by the United States and Japan before they gained independence in 1946. Though this colonization and subjugation lies in the past, it

This is a document about Philippines
  Colonization began when Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565. In 1571, Spanish Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies, which encompassed Spanish territories in Asia and the Pacific. The Spanish successfully invaded the different local states by employing the principle of divide and conquer, bringing most of what is now the Philippines into a single unified administration. Disparate barangays were deliberately consolidated into towns, where Catholic missionaries were more easily able to convert the inhabitants to Christianity. From 1565 to 1821, the Philippines was governed as part of the Mexico-based Viceroyalty of New Spain, later administered

This is a document about Spanish people of Filipino ancestry
  The first Filipino settlements in Spain date back to the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines between the 16th and 19th century, although most migration from the Philippines to Spain during this period was to the territories of New Spain, where some 3,600 Asians – mostly Filipinos working on the Manila galleons – migrated to between 1565 and 1700. Migration to metropolitan Spain from the Philippines was practically non-existent, and didn't begin until the end of the 19th century, when the ilustrados, largely from the middle and upper classes, pursued higher education in Spain. Intermittent migration from this period would continue until the early American colonial

This is a document about Pensionado Act
  During the Spanish era of the Philippines, officially from the years 1565 to 1898, education other than that provided by religious institutions, was not generally available to the average Filipino until after 1863. Following the Spanish–American War in 1898, the Philippines was annexed by the United States due to the Treaty of Paris, and it became a territory of the United States. As a consequence, Filipinos became nationals of the United States. However, Filipinos who supported the independence of the First Republic of the Philippines clashed with American authority, and fought an unsuccessful conflict with the United States. At the behest of

This is a document about Sovereignty of the Philippines
  During Spain's 333-year rule in the Philippines, the colonists had to fight off Chinese pirates (who lay siege to Manila, the most famous of which was Limahong in 1574), Dutch forces, and Portuguese forces. Muslim Moros from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago constantly raided the coastal Christian areas of Luzon and the Visayas and occasionally brought home loot and abducted women. They often sold their captives as slaves. A British conquest of the Spanish Philippines occurred during the Seven Years' War, with British occupation of Manila between 1762 and 1764. There were also a number of failed Philippine revolts during Spanish rule.

This is a document about Puerto Princesa
   Spanish colonizers founded the settlement on March 4, 1872, in the course of their exploration of the province. As they scanned the Palawan shoreline for a capital site, they came upon a hill with steep declivity. Rowing to shore, they surveyed the hill and discovered an extensive plateau which they decided as ideal for settlement. Soon after, Fr. Antonio Muro levelled a portion of the hill to make way for a chapel (that section is now occupied by the Roman Catholic Cathedral, the P.C. Barracks and the Rizal Park, the Old Municipal Building used to be there, as well as an Elementary School). The

This is a document about Tagalog people
  On May 19, 1571, Miguel López de Legazpi gave the title "city" to the colony of Manila. The title was certified on June 19, 1572. Under Spain, Manila became the colonial entrepot in the Far East. The Philippines was a Spanish colony administered under the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Governor-General of the Philippines who ruled from Manila was sub-ordinate to the Viceroy in Mexico City. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen, including Vocabulario de la lengua tagala by Pedro de San Buenaventura (Pila, Laguna, 1613), Pablo Clain's Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (beginning of the 18th century), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835), and Arte de la

This is a document about Hispanic
  Spanish nation and from then on the kings would use the title of "king of Spain". The expansion of the Spanish Empire between 1492 and 1898 brought thousands of Spanish migrants to the conquered lands, who established settlements, mainly in the Americas, but also in other distant parts of the world (as in the Philippines, the lone Spanish territory in Asia), producing a number of multiracial populations. Today, the term Hispanic is typically applied to the varied populations of these places, including those with Spanish ancestry. Because of their historical, linguistic, and cultural ties with Spain, Filipinos can be considered Hispanic.

The Spanish occupation of the Philippines began in 1521 with the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan and ended in 1898 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.


Question: who plays the female blacksmith in a knight 's tale

Answer: Laura Fraser

This is a document about A Knight's Tale
 Press", a small Connecticut weekly. Despite the mixed critical reception, the film won four cinematic awards: The film earned $56,569,702 at the North American domestic box office, and an additional $60,917,771 internationally for a worldwide total of $117,487,473. A Knight's Tale A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, Rufus Sewell, Laura Fraser, Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer, and James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville/Edward the Black Prince. The story is told in an anachronistic style with many modern references.

This is a document about A Knight's Tale
 A Knight's Tale A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland. The film stars Heath Ledger, Shannyn Sossamon, Mark Addy, Alan Tudyk, Rufus Sewell, Laura Fraser, Paul Bettany as Geoffrey Chaucer, and James Purefoy as Sir Thomas Colville/Edward the Black Prince. The story is told in an anachronistic style with many modern references. It follows a peasant named William who poses as a knight and competes in tournaments, winning accolades and acquiring friendships with such historical figures as Edward the Black Prince and Geoffrey Chaucer. The film takes its title from

This is a document about Shannyn Sossamon
  Planned Parenthood. She appeared in two television commercials for Gap and in music videos for artists such as Daft Punk, The Goo Goo Dolls, Cher, DJ Quik, and the rock group 9xdead. In 1997, Sossamon guest-starred as several characters in three episodes of Mr. Show with Bob and David, and two years later, she was discovered by casting director Francine Maisler, while assisting a fellow DJ at Gwyneth Paltrow's brother's birthday party. Sossamon beat Kate Hudson for the lead female role in Brian Helgeland's medieval adventure dramedy A Knight's Tale, opposite Heath Ledger. She was cast as Lady Jocelyn, the love interest of

This is a document about Sophia Myles
  Sophia Jane Myles (born 18 March 1980) is an English actress. She is best known in film for portraying Lady Penelope Creighton-Ward in Thunderbirds (2004), Isolde in Tristan & Isolde (2006), Darcy in Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014), Erika in Underworld (2003) and Underworld: Evolution (2006) and Freya in Outlander (2008). Initially hoping to study philosophy at University of Cambridge, for which she secured a place, Myles instead turned to acting after television writer Julian Fellowes saw her perform in a school play, casting her in his series The Prince and the Pauper (1996). After this, Myles continued to receive work in films

This is a document about Minnie Driver
  Amelia Fiona Jessica Driver (born 31 January 1970) is a British-American actress and singer. She rose to prominence with her break-out role in 1995's Circle of Friends. She went on to star in a wide range of films including the cult classic Grosse Pointe Blank, Gus Van Sant's Good Will Hunting for which she was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Screen Actors Guild Award, the musical The Phantom of the Opera, Owning Mahowny, and providing the voice of Lady Eboshi in Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke. In television, Driver starred with Eddie Izzard in The Riches for which

This is a document about The Knight's Tale
  Trinity Tales the story is transformed into a competition between two young men for the attentions of a barmaid. The story is one of the tales that inspired the 2001 movie A Knight's Tale, in which Chaucer himself is one of the principal characters. It was also adapted for the BBC's The Canterbury Tales in 2003. The names of the characters Palamon and Arcite are changed to Paul (Chiwetel Ejiofor) and Ace (John Simm), and the story was moved to a modern prison setting where the two men battle for the attentions of a prison teacher named Emily (Keeley Hawes).

This is a document about The Mystery of the Missing Hour
 Steel — David Warner ; Sapphire — Susannah Harker ; Narrator — Colin Baker ; Lady Marjorie — Sarah Douglas ; Arthur — Ian Hallard ; Jane — Cate Debenham Taylor ; Cornelius — Ian Brooker ; MC — Nigel Fairs

This is a document about List of Keira Knightley performances
   Keira Knightley is a British actress who began her career by appearing in commercials and television films, including The Treasure Seekers (1996), Coming Home (1998), and Oliver Twist (1999) before making her major motion picture debut in the space-opera epic Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) as Padmé Amidala's handmaiden. She portrayed the daughter of Robin Hood in the romantic adventure film Princess of Thieves (2001), her first starring role, and earned her breakthrough by playing a teen tomboy footballer in sports comedy Bend It Like Beckham (2002). A year later, Knightley rose to global stardom after appearing as Elizabeth

This is a document about Bérénice Bejo
  In 2001, Bejo made her American film debut, playing the role of Christiana in A Knight's Tale opposite Heath Ledger. Christiana is a lady-in-waiting to Jocelyn (Shannyn Sossamon). In 2002, she toured in France with Marie-France Pisier and Guillaume Depardieu. In 2003, Bejo starred as Olivia in 24 Hours in the Life of a Woman by Laurent Bouhnik. Under the direction of Steve Suissa, she seduces Stephane Freiss and Titoff in The Grand Role (2004), and a comedy about the world of actors, and Cavalcade (2005), a drama dealing with the theme of disability. In 2006, she made a comeback by acting alongside Jean Dujardin in OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies by

This is a document about Saint Winifred
  St. Winifred's Well, termed "þe Holy Hede", is mentioned in the medieval poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (in Passus II). She also appears as a character in the 2021 film adaptation of the poem, portrayed by actress Erin Kellyman. William Rowley's 17th-century comedy A Shoemaker a Gentleman dramatises St. Winifred's story, based on the version in Thomas Deloney's story The Gentle Craft (1584). English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins memorialised St. Winifred in his unfinished drama, St Winifred's Well. The moving of Winifred's bones to Shrewsbury is fictionalised in A Morbid Taste for Bones, the first of Ellis Peters' Brother Cadfael novels, with the plot twist that her bones are secretly left in Wales, and someone else is put into

This is a document about Keira Knightley
  cast in the role because of her close resemblance to Portman; even the two actresses' mothers had difficulty telling their daughters apart when they were in full make-up. In her first major role, the 2001 Walt Disney Productions feature film Princess of Thieves, Knightley played the daughter of Robin Hood. In preparation for the film, she trained for several weeks in archery, fencing, and horse riding. Concurrently, she appeared in The Hole, a thriller that received a direct-to-video release in the US. The film's director Nick Hamm described her as "a young version of Julie Christie". Knightley also took on the role of Lara Antipova in the 2002 miniseries adaptation of Doctor Zhivago, to positive reviews and high

This is a document about Sienna Miller
  Welsh poet Dylan Thomas. Despite a mixed critical reception, The Hollywood Reporter critic Ray Bennett wrote that it was a "wonderfully atmospheric tale of love and war", and that "the film belongs to the women, with Knightley going from strength to strength (and showing she can sing!) and Miller again proving that she has everything it takes to be a major movie star." Miller earned a BIFA Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. She also voiced a circus fox in the animated film A Fox's Tale (2008) and played an undead newlywed in the romantic comedy Camille.

This is a document about The Miller's Tale
  The Miller's Tale is one of eight of Chaucer's tales adapted in Pasolini's The Canterbury Tales. Jenny Runacre portrays Alison, Michael Balfour portrays John the carpenter, Dan Thomas portrays Nicholas, Peter Cain portrays Absolom, Martin Philips portrays Martin and Alan McConnell portrays Gervase the blacksmith.

This is a document about Sona Heiden
 As actress

This is a document about Jackie Fabulous
  As Actress

This is a document about Jaspinder Cheema
  As Actress

This is a document about Vimala Raman
 As Actress

This is a document about Raadhu (actress)
 As actress

This is a document about Susie Singer Carter
  As Actress

This is a document about Lutfun Nahar Lata
 As actress

Shannyn Sossamon plays the female blacksmith in "A Knight's Tale."


Question: who played the original mark fowler in eastenders

Answer: David Timothy Scarboro

This is a document about David Scarboro
 Todd Carty. The character continued in "EastEnders" as a regular character until 2003, when the character was written out of the series and died off-screen the following year. David Scarboro David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 – 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera "EastEnders" from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987. Scarboro made his acting debut in an episode of the television series "Scene" titled "Good Neighbours" which aired in 1984. That same year he appeared

This is a document about David Scarboro
 David Scarboro David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 – 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the popular British soap opera "EastEnders" from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987. Scarboro made his acting debut in an episode of the television series "Scene" titled "Good Neighbours" which aired in 1984. That same year he appeared as a student in episodes of the school drama series "Grange Hill". From its inception in February 1985 until April of that same year, Scarboro played the part

This is a document about Mark Fowler
  Mark Fowler is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. Mark, an original regular character when the series started in February 1985, became a semi-regular after his original portrayer David Scarboro was written out of the role in April 1985. Scarboro made brief returns to the role in 1986 and 1987. Scarboro died by suicide in April 1988 and subsequently Mark was recast two years later on his return, with former Grange Hill regular Todd Carty taking on the role. From this point the character was a permanent fixture in the series and Carty remained in the role until the character was written out of the series in

This is a document about Todd Carty
  Carty took over the role of original character Mark Fowler in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders in 1990, following the death of the original actor, David Scarboro. Carty played the role for 13 years, becoming one of the longest-running male cast members. In July 2002, the BBC announced Mark Fowler was being written out of the serial, a mutual decision between the producers and Carty. Executive producer Louise Berridge said Carty had made a "fantastic contribution" to the soap and Mark had been a "pivotal figure", but the character had finally run its course: "Todd and I have discussed this at some length and agreed that it was time for Mark to

This is a document about David Scarboro
  David Timothy Scarboro (3 February 1968 – 27 April 1988) was an English actor who was best known for portraying Mark Fowler in the British soap opera EastEnders from the programme's inception in February until April 1985 before appearing intermittently between 1986 and 1987.

This is a document about List of EastEnders characters (1985)
  Mark Fowler is an original regular character in the series starting February 1985 but becomes a semi-regular after his original portrayer David Scarboro was written out of the role in April 1985. Scarboro made brief returns to the role in 1986 and 1987. Scarboro committed suicide in April 1988. The role was recast in 1990, with Todd Carty taking the role. From this point the character is a permanent fixture in the series and Carty remained in the role until the character was written out of the series in early 2003. Mark starts out as a delinquent teenager, but returns to Walford a changed man when he was 22. Contracting HIV forces him to grow up fast and accept his responsibilities. He frequently finds it difficult to accept the restrictions of the illness, which finally claims his life in April 2004.

This is a document about Simon Wicks
  Simon Wicks was introduced by creator and executive producer Julia Smith just after the show's inception in 1985, making his first appearance in October that year. According to Smith, Simon was thought up overnight as a means to restore the cast balance distorted by the unexpected departure from the serial of actor David Scarboro who played the original Mark Fowler (who would appear on and off until the actor's suicide in 1988). Scarboro's departure meant many of his functions as the slightly eldest of the young characters would need to be taken over by another character and thus Wicksy was invented. Simon Wicks was associated with one of EastEnders' original families, the Beales. Specifically, he was introduced as the estranged

This is a document about List of EastEnders characters (2016)
  Mark Fowler, played by Ned Porteous, is the son of Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) and Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully/Jenna Russell). He appears in 13 episodes between 11 August and 9 September 2016. Mark is born off screen in 1996 after his parents have a one-night stand. Michelle only tells her brother, Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), who the father is, before emigrating to the US. Michelle is unable to attend the funeral of her father, Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher), when she gives birth to Mark. In 2016, Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) contacts Mark after finding a letter in his wife's Sharon Mitchell's (Letitia Dean) bag, who is Michelle's best friend, from Michelle addressed

This is a document about Mark Fowler
  Mark Fowler is first of three children born to Albert Square residents Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher) and his wife Pauline (Wendy Richard). Initially, a teenage Mark gets involved in drugs with local thug Nick Cotton (John Altman) before later seeking to join a racist organization known as The New Movement. He also generally clashed with his parents before later becoming a suspect in the murder of elderly resident Reg Cox (Johnnie Clayton) murder, unknowingly committed by Nick. With no solution to his own problems in sight, Mark abruptly leaves home without telling anyone. He is not seen again until eight months later when he contacts his

This is a document about David Scarboro
  From its inception in February 1985 until April of that same year, Scarboro played the part of Mark Fowler in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. The actor did not respond well to the sudden fame the role brought him, and later became very concerned when the writers decided that the character of Mark should become a racist. Things came to a head one day when the script called for a scene where Mark was to deliver racist abuse to Paul J. Medford's character, Kelvin Carpenter. Scarboro firmly refused to play the scene. After this it was decided he should leave the show. His character was abruptly written out

This is a document about Elizabeth Power
  on-screen in February 1992, as a lonely divorcee who employed the long running character, Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher), to tend to her garden—used as a plot device to rebuild Arthur's relationship with his son Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), while they worked together on Christine's garden. Power filmed her scenes for the five episodes and thought that would be the end of it; however, she was subsequently contacted by Leonard Lewis and asked to reprise the role. Power commented "It was all I could do to stop myself screeching down the phone. They didn't tell me which direction the story was going to take. I got on so well with [Bill Treacher] from

This is a document about Nick Berry
  Berry started acting at the age of eight. After attending the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London he played minor parts on television, film, and stage until his big break playing Simon 'Wicksy' Wicks in the popular BBC soap opera EastEnders, joining the series shortly after its inception in 1985 and staying until the end of 1990. Berry's character was thought up overnight and had been scheduled to appear later. However, he was introduced to restore the cast balance distorted by the unexpected departure of actor David Scarboro who played the original Mark Fowler. Scarboro's departure meant many of his

This is a document about Barry Clark (EastEnders)
  of shy and retiring and in addition the age difference between the two was substantial — Colin being roughly fifteen years Barry's senior. The actor Gary Hailes was chosen to play the role. Hailes was known to EastEnders co-creators, Tony Holland and Julia Smith, as he had previously attended auditions in 1984 for the role of Mark Fowler, but had been unsuccessful - the role went to David Scarboro instead. A relationship between Colin and Barry was quickly developed and the residents of Albert Square gossiped in hushed voices about the true nature of their friendship. In 1987 EastEnders was responsible

This is a document about News of the World
 In 1988, the parents of actor David Scarboro, who played Mark Fowler on the BBC soap opera EastEnders, commenced libel proceedings with solicitor Michael Shelton due to the hounding of Scarboro whilst he suffered from mental illness. During this time the News of the World and its sister paper The Sun published stories calling Scarboro a "zombie" as well as "Dracula" and purported that he took cocaine. According to the parents this escalated Scarboro's depression resulting in his suicide on 27 April 1988. Due to the suicide the libel action was forced to cease. ; In 2005, British television personality Ahmed Aghil won an

This is a document about Mark Fowler
  Mark Fowler was one of the original 23 characters invented by the creators of EastEnders, Tony Holland and Julia Smith. Mark was a member of the first family of EastEnders, the Beales and Fowlers, and Holland took the inspiration for some of the series' earliest characters from his own London family and background. Mark's original character outline as written by Smith and Holland appeared in an abridged form in their book, EastEnders: The Inside Story. Mark will be leaving school at Easter and is fairly certain to be joining his dad in the dole queue. Mark is a very tough little lad, and at a very dodgy stage in his development...There's a kind of amoral streak in his nature...The area does have a brutalising effect on a

This is a document about Mark Fowler
  2003. Initially a delinquent teenager, he became a changed man when he returned to Albert Square as a 22-year-old in 1990. Following his return, Mark became one of the show's central protagonists was featured in some of the most prominent storylines during his tenure on the soap. Arguably his biggest and most prolific storyline saw the character announce that he had been diagnosed with HIV, which forced him to grow up fast and accept his responsibilities. He frequently found it difficult to accept the restrictions of the illness, which finally caused his death in April 2004. Mark had embarked on three marriages with Gill Fowler (Susanna Dawson), who had also

This is a document about EastEnders
  EastEnders is built around the idea of relationships and strong families, with each character having a place in the community. This theme encompasses the whole Square, making the entire community a family of sorts, prey to upsets and conflict, but pulling together in times of trouble. Co-creator Tony Holland was from a large East End family, and such families have typified EastEnders. The first central family was the combination of the Fowler family, consisting of Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard), her husband Arthur (Bill Treacher), and teenage children Mark (David Scarboro/Todd Carty) and Michelle (Susan Tully). Pauline's family, the Beales, consisted

This is a document about Beale family
  also a little fighter. A bright child who is passionate about music" who "wants to do well in life and make her parents proud, but it’s this determination that will be the making or undoing of her". Ross Kemp returned to EastEnders for a brief stint as Grant Mitchell in 2016, having been a regular character from 1990 until 1999 and having already made brief comebacks in 2005 and 2006. Mark Fowler, the son of Michelle and Grant was introduced, 20 years after his off-screen birth, played by Ned Porteous. Michelle returned to the show in December 2016, with Jenna Russell taking on the role.

This is a document about Diane Butcher
  Subsequent storylines featuring Diane included involvement in the plight of pregnant runaway Disa, whom Diane brought back to Walford to bond with her baby—Disa had initially abandoned the baby on Diane's doorstep on Christmas Day 1990. The bulk of the character's narrative concerned a blossoming romance with one of EastEnders' original characters, Mark Fowler (Todd Carty), who returned to the serial as a regular character in 1990 after a three-year absence. The relationship was never consummated however, because in January 1991 Mark revealed to Diane that he was HIV positive—he was the first mainstream soap opera character to be diagnosed. The episode, written by Tony McHale, has been described as the "important" beginning to Mark's HIV storyline, as Mark's secret HIV status was finally revealed to the audience as well as Diane. In the

David Scarboro played the original Mark Fowler in EastEnders.