Question: when does the new movie justice league come out

Answer: November 17 , 2017

This is a document about Justice League (film)
 the "Justice League" film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on "The Dark Knight" trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for "Batman v Superman". In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's "Justice League" script. Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite "Justice League" the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice". On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with "Part One" on November 17, 2017, and "Part Two"

This is a document about Zack Snyder's Justice League
  the visual effects, score, and editing, with new material filmed in October 2020. The release was originally planned as both a six-episode miniseries and a four-hour film, but the miniseries concept was scrapped in January 2021. The film is dedicated to the memory of Snyder's daughter, Autumn. Zack Snyder's Justice League was released on HBO Max in the United States on March 18, 2021. It became the fourth-most-streamed film debut on the platform that year. Most critics considered it to be superior to the 2017 theatrical version, with praise for Snyder's direction and improved characterization but criticism for the film's length.

This is a document about Justice League (film)
  stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one of the most expensive films ever made. Justice League premiered in Los Angeles on November 13, 2017, and was released in the United States on November 17, 2017. The film grossed over $657 million worldwide against a break-even point of $750 million, becoming

This is a document about DC Extended Universe
  him. Though Whedon was not officially credited for his role as post-production director, he completed enough additional work for a screenwriting credit on the film. Justice League was released worldwide on November 17, 2017. Justice League introduced various characters, including J. K. Simmons as James Gordon, Amber Heard as Mera, and Billy Crudup as Henry Allen. Additionally, Joe Manganiello as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke was also introduced in a post-credits scene, teasing an alliance between him, Lex Luthor, and possibly the Legion of Doom. Kiersey Clemons as Iris West and Willem Dafoe as Nuidis Vulko were to be introduced but their scenes were ultimately cut from the film.

This is a document about Justice League (film)
  box office bomb and losing Warner Bros. Pictures an estimated $60 million. The film received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the cast performances but criticized the plot, pacing, and computer-generated imagery. Its tone was met with a polarized reception, with some appreciating the lighter tone compared to previous DCEU films and others finding it inconsistent. In the wake of its release, fans began to push for the release of Snyder's original version of the film; Warner Bros. decided to move forward with the project in February 2020. It was released as Zack Snyder's Justice League on HBO Max on March 18, 2021.

This is a document about Zack Snyder's Justice League
  Zack Snyder's Justice League was released on March 18, 2021, on HBO Max in the United States. Unlike the theatrical version which was rated PG-13, this version carries an R-rating for "violence and some language". The film was released internationally on several platforms: on HBO Go in select Asian countries; Binge in Australia; Crave in Canada; HBO services in select European countries; on digital services such as Amazon Prime Video and the iTunes Store in France;  on KinoPoisk HD in Russia & CIS countries; digital services such as Hungama Play and Tata Sky in India; Neon, Sky Go, and Sky Movies Premiere in New Zealand;  and on Now

This is a document about DC Extended Universe
  DCEU was released later that year. ; Justice League sequels: In October 2014, Justice League Part Two was announced, with Snyder returning as director. In June 2016, Deborah Snyder revealed that Justice League would not be one film split in two. The film was scheduled to be released on June 14, 2019, but production was pushed back to accommodate The Batman. Joss Whedon, the director of Justice League reshoots, would eventually rework one of the film's post-credit scenes in order to tease the Injustice League as villains of a possible sequel. In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that work on the script

This is a document about Moving Picture Company
  Justice League (2017) ; Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017) ; The Greatest Showman (2017) ; All the Money in the World (2017) ; Fifty Shades Freed (2018) ; A Wrinkle in Time (2018) ; Skyscraper (2018) ; The Darkest Minds (2018) ; The Predator (2018) ; Alpha (2018) ; Roma (2018) ; The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018) ; Aquaman (2018) ; Dumbo (2019) ; Dark Phoenix (2019) ; Shazam! (2019) ; Pokémon Detective Pikachu (2019) ; Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) ; The Lion King (2019) ; Dora and the Lost City of Gold (2019) ; Ad Astra (2019) ; Noelle (2019) ; Lady and the Tramp (2019) ; Cats (2019) ; 1917 (2019)

This is a document about Joss Whedon
 and "Josstice League". and "Josstice League". and "Josstice League". and "Josstice League". In May 2017, Whedon took over post-production duties for Justice League, including writing and directing additional photography for the film. He received a co-writing credit for his contributions to the film, which was released in November 2017. Despite reshooting a majority of the film and largely changing the tone from what Zack Snyder had originally intended, Snyder retained sole credit as director of the film. After Snyder's original cut was released in 2021, fans began to refer to the theatrical cut as the "Whedon Cut"<ref name="WhedonCutBundle">Multiple sources; see, for example:

This is a document about Justice League (film)
  Justice League was released on digital download on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray, and DVD on March 13, 2018 in various international markets. The Blu-ray features two deleted scenes titled Return of Superman. It is also notable for having no director commentary from either Zack Snyder or Joss Whedon. , it has made $30.4 million in DVD sales and $41.5 million in Blu-ray sales, totaling an estimated $71.9 million in domestic video sales according to The Numbers.

This is a document about Zack Snyder's Justice League
  (Ray Porter), Steppenwolf (Ciarán Hinds), and their army of Parademons. Justice League, released by Warner Bros. Pictures in 2017, suffered a difficult production. Its script underwent major changes before and during production between 2016 and 2017. In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production following the death of his daughter, and Joss Whedon was hired to finish the film, completing it as an uncredited director. Whedon oversaw reshoots and other changes that incorporated a brighter tone and more humor, and reduced the runtime significantly in accordance with a mandate from Warner Bros. The theatrical version of Justice League received mixed reviews

This is a document about Zack Snyder's Justice League
  Justice League was released theatrically on November 17, 2017. Critics described it as a "Frankenstein" film, obviously the work of two different directors with competing visions. After seeing Whedon's version in late 2017, Deborah Snyder and executive producer Christopher Nolan advised Snyder to "never see that movie", knowing it would "break his heart". Justice League grossed $657.9 million against an estimated $300 million budget. Against an estimated break-even point of as much as $750 million, Deadline Hollywood reported that the film lost Warner Bros. around $60 million. An anonymous Warner Bros. executive stated in February 2021 that even the studio did not like the "stupefying" changes brought to the finished film, criticizing the Black Clad and the Russian family as goofy and pointless additions to the film. The executive affirmed that the finished film felt "awkward" because the studio did not want to admit what a "piece of shit" it had become. Due to the film's poor performance, Warner Bros. decided to move away from Snyder's vision for a shared universe of interconnected films and focus on standalone films and solo franchises instead.

This is a document about Zack Snyder's Justice League
  Zack Snyder's Justice League, often referred to as the "Snyder Cut", is the 2021 director's cut of the 2017 American superhero film Justice League. It presents Justice League—the fifth film of the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) and the sequel to Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)—as director Zack Snyder intended it before he left the production. Like the theatrical release, Zack Snyder's Justice League follows the DC Comics Justice League—Batman (Ben Affleck), Superman (Henry Cavill), Wonder Woman (Gal Gadot), Cyborg (Ray Fisher), Aquaman (Jason Momoa), and the Flash (Ezra Miller)—as they attempt to save the world from the catastrophic threat of

This is a document about The Flash (film)
  Warner Bros. was planning a new shared universe of films based on DC Comics by July 2013, and had tentative plans to release a Flash film in 2016. In October 2014, Warner Bros. and DC Films announced a slate of planned projects as part of the new DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The Flash was set for release on March 23, 2018, with Ezra Miller set to star in the film in the role of Barry Allen / The Flash; Miller first made cameo appearances as the character in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Suicide Squad (2016),  starred in the team-up film Justice League

This is a document about Justice League in other media
  The Justice League are a common narrative plot thread in the DC Extended Universe starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman teaming up against Doomsday and in Suicide Squad where Bruce gets the files on Barry Allen and Arthur Curry from Amanda Waller. The theatrical version of a live action Justice League movie was released in November 2017 and received mixed reviews from critics and earned over $657 million worldwide. The film was directed by Joss Whedon and Zack Snyder although Snyder is the only person to receive a directing credit for the film.

This is a document about The Suicide Squad (film)
  Dan's "Dirty Work", with The Verge Jay Peters also getting "some serious Guardians of the Galaxy vibes" from the trailer. D'Alessandro and Peters both compared it to the recently released DC film Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021) and noted how the trailer was much more colorful and humorous than that film. McLevy, Jennifer Bisset and Sean Keane of CNET, and CinemaBlend Sean O'Connell all highlighted King Shark and his R-rated scenes. The trailer was viewed 150 million times within a week of its release, breaking the record for red band trailers that was previously held by the trailer for Mortal Kombat (2021). A green band trailer was released online on April Fool's Day, after debuting in front of theatrical

This is a document about Zack Snyder
  Whedon. On January 29, 2019, Snyder announced that he had signed on to helm Army of the Dead, a zombie heist thriller, for Netflix. Snyder directed and produced the film with his partner and wife, Deborah Snyder, via their newly rebranded production company, The Stone Quarry. His agreement with Netflix has since expanded into several Army of the Dead projects; Army of Thieves, a prequel released in 2021, and Planet of the Dead, a sequel to be created. On May 20, 2020, Snyder announced that Zack Snyder's Justice League would be released on the streaming service HBO Max in 2021. The film was released on March 18, 2021.

This is a document about Justice League in other media
   and J. K. Simmons as James Gordon. Snyder and Warner Bros released a 4 hour director's cut of Justice League via HBO Max on March 18, 2021. This version presents Snyder's original vision for a Justice League film with a much more grounded and generally darker tone as well as an overall aesethetic more in line with Snyder's previous DCEU films Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice rather than the  lighter, more family friendly tone of the 2017 theatrical cut and features a radically overhauled ending. Additional footage seen in this cut is mainly footage that was

This is a document about Batman in film
  Does it exist? Of course it does." On May 20, 2020, Snyder officially announced that HBO Max will be releasing his cut of Justice League on their service in 2021. The cut will cost $70+ million to complete the special effects, musical score, editing, and additional shooting. While initially planned to be a four part miniseries, it was later clarified the cut would be released as a four hour long movie. Snyder stated this version will be non-canonical to DC Extended Universe continuity, but it would exist in a slightly alternate universe. Affleck, Miller, Fisher, Heard, and Manganiello returned to their respective roles for additional photography, in order to finish the project, with Jared Leto also reprising his role as The Joker from Suicide Squad.

This is a document about Production of Justice League (film)
  Snyder stepped down, some expressed interest in the idea of releasing an alternate cut that would be more faithful to Snyder's vision for the film. Fans of Snyder's works, members of the cast and crew, and other film industry figures petitioned for the release of this "Snyder Cut". At the time, Warner stated that they had no plans to release an alternate cut of Justice League. However, on May 20, 2020, Zack Snyder personally confirmed that it would be released on HBO Max as Zack Snyder's Justice League during a watch party for Man of Steel. The film was released on March 18, 2021.

The new movie "Justice League" was released in the United States on November 17, 2017. However, the Snyder Cut of the film was released on HBO Max on March 18, 2021.


Question: who wrote aaj jane ki zid na karo

Answer: Fayyaz Hashmi

This is a document about Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo
 Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo (; please don't insist on leaving today) is a Nazm written by Pakistani poet Fayyaz Hashmi. The tune was composed by Sohail Rana, an eminent composer from Pakistan. It was popularized by noted classical vocalists, Habib Wali Mohammad who also sang this song as a film playback singer in a Pakistani film "Badal Aur Bijli" (1973). Then the famous ghazal singer Farida Khanum also used to sing it in her television performances and in her live public concerts. It is sung in Raag Yaman Kalyan. The song is

This is a document about Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo
 this song in episode 36 on request of guest superstar Jeetendra. Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo (; please don't insist on leaving today) is a Nazm written by Pakistani poet Fayyaz Hashmi. The tune was composed by Sohail Rana, an eminent composer from Pakistan. It was popularized by noted classical vocalists, Habib Wali Mohammad who also sang this song as a film playback singer in a Pakistani film "Badal Aur Bijli" (1973). Then the famous ghazal singer Farida Khanum also used to sing it in her television performances and in her live public

This is a document about Fayyaz Hashmi
 movies: Fayyaz Hashmi Fayyaz Hashmi () was a Pakistani poet and dialogue writer who worked both in the Indian and Pakistani film industry. He penned some memorable songs such as the famous ghazal Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo and "Tasveer teri dil mera behela nah sake gi". The latter made the singer Talat Mahmood famous in India back in 1941 and was instrumental in introducing him to the Calcutta film industry. He was born in Calcutta in 1920. His father, Muhammad Hussain Hashmi, was also a poet with pen name 'Dilgeer' as well as a writer of stage drama.

This is a document about Fayyaz Hashmi
 Fayyaz Hashmi Fayyaz Hashmi () was a Pakistani poet and dialogue writer who worked both in the Indian and Pakistani film industry. He penned some memorable songs such as the famous ghazal Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo and "Tasveer teri dil mera behela nah sake gi". The latter made the singer Talat Mahmood famous in India back in 1941 and was instrumental in introducing him to the Calcutta film industry. He was born in Calcutta in 1920. His father, Muhammad Hussain Hashmi, was also a poet with pen name 'Dilgeer' as well as a writer of stage drama. Fayyaz

This is a document about Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
 distinction at the 62nd Filmfare Awards, while Arijit Singh won the "Best Playback Singer Award" for the title song of the film. Amitabh Bhattacharya won Best Lyricist" Award for "Channa Mereya". However Pritam was accused of plagarism for the song "Bulleya" which was allegedly plagiarized from Last Resort (song). The reprised versions of songs "Bulleya", "Channa Mereya", and "Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo" were released separately in the deluxe edition of the album, but not added in soundtrack album. However, the latter of these, which was written by Fayyaz Hashmi and was originally composed by Sohail Rana, was recreated

This is a document about Farida Khanum
 the 1960s. She has been a frequent performer on Pakistan Television and other Pakistani TV channels. The ghazal she is most associated with is Aaj Jaane Ki Zidd Naa Karo written by the famous poet Fayyaz Hashmi. In 2015, at the age of 80, she sang this ghazal in Coke Studio (Pakistan) Season 8. Farida Khanum also visited Kabul, Afghanistan in the late 1960s or early 1970s for concerts, she collaborated with Afghan musicians and sang beautiful Persian-language ghazals there. Farida Khanum lives in Lahore, Pakistan. She has five daughters and one son, the youngest. Sheba Hassan is her niece,

This is a document about Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo
  Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo (آج جانے کی ضد نہ کرو ) is a geet written by Pakistani poet Fayyaz Hashmi. It was composed by Sohail Rana, an eminent Pakistani composer. It was popularized by noted classical vocalists, Habib Wali Mohammad who also sang it as a film playback singer for Pakistani hit film Badal Aur Bijli (1973). The song is also sung by famous ghazal singer Farida Khanum for PTV (Pakistan Television) and repeatedly in her live public concerts. It is sung in Raag Yaman Kalyan. Later on because of its extremely beautiful melody and profoundly romantic lyrics the song was re-sung by many artistes. Among them the famous Indian artist Asha Bhosle (Asha Bhosle: Love Supreme, 2006) The song was used as background music in a scene in the Mira Nair's Golden Lion award-winning film, Monsoon Wedding (2001). Habib Wali Mohammad's original version is still very

This is a document about Coke Studio (Pakistani season 8)
  rendition saying, "Finally a reason to watch Coke Studio: Farida Khanum singing 'Aaj Jane Ki Zidd Na Karo'." Besides Khanum, Ali Zafar's third appearance to sing "Aj Din Vehre Vich" originally written by Shahnawaz Zaidi received positive reviews The Nation wrote, "With this season of Coke Studio, Ali has proved that he is an all-rounder. Just like he has essayed different types of characters in his films across the border, in his music also Ali has reaffirmed his versatility like no other artist of his generation, which is on ample display in Coke Studio." The other songs by Alycia Dias, Malang Party and Siege were also praised.

This is a document about Farida Khanum
  Farida Khanum gave her first public concert in 1950 at the very young age of 21, and then joined Radio Pakistan where she gained recognition for herself. She became a star when Pakistan's president Ayub Khan invited her to a public recital in the 1960s. She has been a frequent performer on Pakistan Television and other Pakistani TV channels. The ghazal she is most associated with is Aaj Jaane Ki Zidd Naa Karo written by the famous poet Fayyaz Hashmi. In 2015, at the age of 86, she sang this ghazal in Coke Studio (Pakistan) Season 8. Farida Khanum's live concerts in India have been very popular. She also visited Kabul, Afghanistan in the late 1960s or early 1970s for concerts, she collaborated with Afghan musicians and sang Persian-language ghazals there.

This is a document about List of works by Ismat Chughtai
 Ziddi, 1941 ; Tehri Lakeer, 1943 ; Saudai, 1964 ; Ajeeb Aadmi, 1970 ; Ek Qatra Khoon, 1975

This is a document about Asha Bhosle
  Badal. The album comprises eight songs, based on Indian Classical music. She contributed the song Yun Na Thi to the recording Womad Talking Book Volume Four: An Introduction to Asia 1 on Womad Records. Asha has sung ghazals for many albums like Meraj-E-Ghazal, Aabshar-e-Ghazal and Kashish. In 2005, Asha released a self-titled album as a tribute to the four ghazal maestros – Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Farida Khanum and Jagjit Singh. The album features eight of her favorite ghazals like Farida Khanum's Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo, Ghulam Ali's Chupke Chupke, Aawargi and Dil Mein Ek Lahar, Jagjit Singh's Ahista Ahista and

This is a document about Habib Wali Mohammad
 ‘Aaj janay ki zid na karo’: poet: Fayyaz Hashmi, picturised on Nadeem, music of Sohail Rana for film Badal Aur Bijli (1973) ; ‘Aashiyan jal gaya' :poet: Raaz Illahabadi, music by Sohail Rana in film ‘Baazi (1970)’ ; 'Raatain theen chandni', film song lyrics by Waheed Qureshi, music of Sohail Rana in film ‘Baazi (1970)’ ; 'Marnen Ki Duawain Kyun Maango-Jeene Ki Tamana Kaun Kare', film song lyrics by Moin Ahsan Jazbi, music by Nashad in film 'Chand Sooraj (1970)'  National songs like: ‘Roshan-o- rakhshan, nayyar-o-taban’, Aye nigar re watan tu salamat rahay, Sohni dharti Allah rakhe, Lahoo jo sarhad pe beh chuka hay, La fata illah ali la saif-o – illah zulfakar.

This is a document about Shilpa Rao
  musician from India to get a chance of singing in the famous and critically acclaimed Coke Studio Pakistan with the song "Paar Chanaa De" (2016) and received praise for singing the song "Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo" from the deluxe edition of the Ae Dil Hai Mushkil soundtrack (2016). These accomplishments have led Rao to become one of the top female singers in India. Rao is particularly known in the media for trying new styles in her songs and singing for different genres. Rao, who considers her father as her biggest inspiration in the music career, has supported charitable organisations for a number of causes.

This is a document about Ismat Chughtai
  with the Progressive Writers' Movement had significant bearings on her writing style; she was particularly intrigued by Angarey, a compilation of short-stories written in Urdu by members of the group including Jahan, Sajjad Zaheer, Sahibzada Mahmuduzaffar and Ahmed Ali. Other early influences included such writers as William Sydney Porter, George Bernard Shaw, and Anton Chekhov. Kalyān (Buds) and Cōtēn (Wounds), two of Chughtai's earliest collections of short stories, were published in 1941 and 1942 respectively. Chughtai's first novella Ziddi, which she had written on her early twenties was first published in 1941. The book chronicles the love affair between a woman, who works as domestic help in an affluent household and her employer's son. Chughtai

This is a document about List of songs recorded by Kishore Kumar
  Jane Ja" • "Khoobsurat Saathi Itni Baat Bata" • "Khoon Pasine Ki Jo Milegi To Khayenge" • "Khoye Khoye Rahe" • "Khud Ko Samajh Na Akeli" • "Khuda Hi Juda Kare To Kare" • "Khudkushi Karne Ka Dil Men Irada" • "Khullam Khulla Pyar Karenge" • "Khush Raho Sathio" • "Khushi Do Ghadi Ki" • "Khwab Ho Tum Ya Koi Haqeeqat" — Teen Devian (1965) • "Ki Gal Hai Koi Nahin" • "Kisi Ko Harana Kisi Ko Jitana" • "Kisi Ko Khona Kisi Ko Pana" • "Kisi Pehlu Se Lage Na" • "Kiska Mahal Hai Kiska Yeh Ghar Hai" • "Kiski Sadayen Mujhko Bulaye" • "Kisko Chahoon Kisko

This is a document about G. M. Durrani
 Nai Kahani (1943) - Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare ; Namaste (1943) - Dil Ke Pat khole ke dekhe ; Chaand (1944) - Ae Dil Mujhe rone De ; Nargis (1946) - Ye to bata mere khuda, lut gaya mera pyar kyun ; Shama (1946) - Ek yaad kisi ki yaad rahi (with Shamshad Begum) (Ghulam Haider (composer)) ; Magroor (1950) - Hum to tere dil ke bangle mein aana mangta (with Shamshad Begum) ; Shair - Do Bichhde Huye Dil (with Lata Mangeshkar) ; Hum Log (1951) - Gaaye chala jaa (with Lata Mangeshkar) ; Kurmai (Punjabi) (1941) - Dil ainj ainj karda (Lyricist - D. N. Madhok) ; Mirza Sahiban (1947) - Haath seene pe jo rakh do to qarar aa jaye (with Noor Jehan) ; Baghdad (1952) - Dil-e beqarar kahe baar baar (with Geeta Dutt) ; Izzat (1952) - Dhoondhta hoon har jagha kahin nahin tera pata ; Hum Sab Chor Hain (1956) - Hum ko hansta dekh zamana jalta hai (with Mohd. Rafi) ; Sunehre Qadam (1966) - Ye ghar aap ka hai (with Sudha Malhotra) A few of his famous songs are:

This is a document about Ismat Chughtai
  I know or have known. What should a writer write about anyway"? In the years following their marriage, Latif also introduced Chughtai to the Hindi film industry. She began writing scripts in the late 1940s and made her debut as a screenwriter for Latif's drama film Ziddi. Starring Kamini Kaushal, Pran, and Dev Anand in his first major film role, Ziddi became one of the biggest commercial successes of 1948. It was based on the 1941 eponymous short story; Chughtai had rewritten the narrative in form of a screenplay for the production. She then wrote the dialogue and screenplay for the 1950 romance drama film Arzoo,

This is a document about Jagjit Kaur
 "Dekho dekho ji gori sasural chali" from Shagoon (1964), lyrics Sahir Ludhiyanvi, music Khayyam ; "Tum apna ranj–o-gham apni pareshani mujhe de do" from Shagoon ; "Khamosh zindagi ko afsaanaa mil gayaa" from Dil-e-Nadan (1953), lyrics Shakeel Badayuni, music Ghulam Mohammad ; "Chale aao saiyan rangeele main vaari re" (with Pamela Chopra) from Bazaar (1982), lyrics Jagjit Kaur, music Khayyam ; "Dekh lo aaaj humko jee bhar ke" from Bazaar ; "Kaahe ko byahi bides" from Umrao Jaan (1981), music Khayyam ; "Saada chidiya da chamba ve" by Jagjit Kaur and Pamela Chopra from Kabhi Kabhi (1976), music Khayyam ; "Chanda gaaye raagini" from Dil-e-Nadan ; "Pehle to ankh milana" (with Mohammed Rafi) from Shola Aur Shabnam (1961), lyrics Kaifi Azmi, music Khayyam ; "Ladi re ladi tujhse aankh jo ladi" from Shola aur Shabnam (1961)), lyrics Kaifi Azmi, music Khayyam ; "Nain milake pyar jata ke aag laga dee" (with Mohammed Rafi) from Mera Bhai Mera Dushman (1967), music Khayyam Some of her songs are the following: Jagjit Kaur also composed Punjabi Movie music-(Satguru Teri Oat) 1974 Star cast like Dara Singh, Som Dutt

This is a document about Mala Begum
  a simple Urdu composition, Aaya re dekho for the film Sooraj Mukhi (1962). The music was composed by Master Abdullah. In 1962, Mala rendered her voice to a tragic Urdu composition, Dil daeta hai ro ro duhai, kisi sey koi pyaar na karey for the film Ishq Par Zor Nahin (1962). The music was composed by Master Inayat Hussain and the song was picturised on actress Yasmin and this film song ended up being a popular song of 1962. Film song lyrics were written by Qateel Shifai. Additionally, Mala's greatest accomplishment was the film song 'Akele Na Jaana' in film Armaan (1966 film). Mala teamed up with music director Sohail Rana and film songs writer Masroor Anwar. Besides Urdu language film songs, she also sang many memorable popular film songs for films in the Punjabi language.

Fayyaz Hashmi wrote the Urdu poem "Aaj Jaane Ki Zid Na Karo."


Question: when did the brothers grimm write their stories

Answer: 1812

This is a document about Grimms' Fairy Tales
 All editions from 1812 until 1857 split the stories into two volumes. The children's legends ("")first appeared in the G. Reimer 1819 edition at the end of volume 2 Internet Archive reproductions of historic editions: Grimms' Fairy Tales The Grimms' Fairy Tales, originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (, ), is a collection of fairy tales by the Grimm brothers or "Brothers Grimm", Jakob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. The first edition contained 86 stories, and by the seventh edition in 1857, had 211 unique fairy tales. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two of nine

This is a document about Spessart
 stories and fairytales. The most important historical account of the legendary Johann Georg Faust, namesake of the proverbial Faustain Bargain, was when he came to the small Spessart town of Gelnhausen in 1506. The Grimm brothers spent their youth in the 1790s at nearby Steinau on the river Kinzig. Although they compiled Grimms' Fairy Tales, their world-famous collection of fairy tales, only in 1812 and after having moved to Kassel, regional legends from their childhood did feature in that collection. Thus, the tale of Snow White may have originated in the Spessart heartlands, with the town of Lohr pushing forward

This is a document about Grimms' Fairy Tales
 Grimms' Fairy Tales The Grimms' Fairy Tales, originally known as the Children's and Household Tales (, ), is a collection of fairy tales by the Grimm brothers or "Brothers Grimm", Jakob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. The first edition contained 86 stories, and by the seventh edition in 1857, had 211 unique fairy tales. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were two of nine children from their mother Dorothea (Née Zimmer) and father Philipp Wilhelm Grimm. Philipp was a highly regarded district magistrate in Steinau, near Kassel. Jacob and Wilhelm were sent to school for a classical education once

This is a document about Sleeping Beauty
 her Princess Aurora; however, in the Disney version, she is also called "Briar Rose" in her childhood, when she is being raised incognito by the good fairies. John Stejean named her "Rosebud" in TeleStory Presents. The Brothers Grimm included a variant " Little Briar Rose" in their collection (1812). Their version ends when the prince arrives to wake Sleeping Beauty, unlike the stories of Basile and Perrault. Some translations of the Grimms' tale give the princess the name "Rosamond". The brothers considered rejecting the story on the grounds that it was derived from Perrault's version, but the presence of the

This is a document about Brothers Grimm
 that became the basis for folklore studies. Between the first edition of 1812-15, and the seventh and final edition of 1857, they revised their collection many times, so that it grew from 156 stories to more than 200. In addition to collecting and editing folk tales, the brothers compiled German legends. Individually, they published a large body of linguistic and literary scholarship. Together, in 1838 they began work on a massive historical German dictionary ("), which, in their lifetimes, they completed only as far as the word "Frucht," 'fruit'. Many of Grimms' folk tales have enjoyed enduring popularity. The tales

This is a document about Brothers Grimm
 Brothers Grimm The Brothers Grimm (' or '), Jacob and Wilhelm, were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together collected and published folklore during the 19th century. They were among the first and best-known collectors of folk tales, and popularized traditional oral tale types such as "Cinderella" (""), "The Frog Prince" (""), "The Goose-Girl" ("Die Gänsemagd"), "Hansel and Gretel" (""), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (""), "Sleeping Beauty" (""), and "Snow White" (""). Their classic collection "Children's and Household Tales" ("), was published in two volumes, in 1812 and in 1815. The brothers were born in the town of Hanau

This is a document about Short story
 collection of short stories was by Heinrich von Kleist in 1810 and 1811. The Brothers Grimm published their first volume of collected fairy tales in 1812. E.T.A. Hoffmann followed with his own original fantasy tales, of which "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" (1816) is the most famous. In France, Prosper Mérimée wrote "Mateo Falcone" in 1829. In the latter half of the 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15,000 words. In the United Kingdom, Thomas Hardy wrote dozens of short stories, including "The Three Strangers"

This is a document about Fairy tale
 to rights. The salon tales as they were originally written and published have been preserved in a monumental work called "Le Cabinet des Fées", an enormous collection of stories from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first collectors to attempt to preserve not only the plot and characters of the tale, but also the style in which they were told, was the Brothers Grimm, collecting German fairy tales; ironically, this meant although their first edition (1812 & 1815) remains a treasure for folklorists, they rewrote the tales in later editions to make them more acceptable, which ensured their sales and

This is a document about Brothers Grimm
  The Brothers Grimm (die Brüder Grimm or die Gebrüder Grimm), Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers, and authors who together specialized in collecting and publishing folklore during the 19th century. They were among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, and popularized stories such as "Cinderella" ("Aschenputtel"), "The Frog Prince" ("Der Froschkönig"), "Hansel and Gretel" ("Hänsel und Gretel"), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" ("Rumpelstilzchen"), "Sleeping Beauty" ("Dornröschen"), and "Snow White" ("Schneewittchen"). Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), began publication in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau. Their father's death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many

This is a document about The Devil's Sooty Brother
  The Brothers Grimm most likely obtained the story from Dorothea Viehmann, with whom they became acquainted in 1813. She told them more than forty tales and variations. Because of Viehmann's Huguenot ancestors, a number of her stories are based on French fairy tales. Wilhelm Grimm wrote that it was an amazing coincidence that he and his brother had met this woman. The brothers were especially impressed that Viehmann could retell her stories again and again without changing a word. In this tale a soldier who is down on his luck makes a deal with the Devil - but, unlike Faust

This is a document about The Goose Girl
  The tale was first published by the Brothers Grimm in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen, vol. 2, in 1815, as number 3. It appears as no. 89 since the second edition (1819). Grimm's source for the story is the German storyteller Dorothea Viehmann (1755–1815).

This is a document about Romanticism
  Des Knaben Wunderhorn ("The Boy's Magic Horn" or cornucopia), a collection of versified folk tales, in 1806–08. The first collection of Grimms' Fairy Tales by the Brothers Grimm was published in 1812. Unlike the much later work of Hans Christian Andersen, who was publishing his invented tales in Danish from 1835, these German works were at least mainly based on collected folk tales, and the Grimms remained true to the style of the telling in their early editions, though later rewriting some parts. One of the brothers, Jacob, published in 1835 Deutsche Mythologie, a long academic work on Germanic mythology. Another strain is exemplified by Schiller's highly emotional language and the depiction of physical violence in his play The Robbers of 1781.

This is a document about 1812 in Germany
 May – Conference of Dresden ; 20 December The first volume of Grimms' Fairy Tales is published in Germany. ; The original Breidenbacher Hof hotel in Düsseldorf, Germany, opens to the public. (It is destroyed by bombing in 1943 and later rebuilt at a different location.)

This is a document about German Fairy Tale Route
  The German Fairy Tale Route passes through various scenic regions, which include eight nature parks including the Hessian Spessart Nature Park, Hoher Vogelsberg Nature Park, Kellerwald-Edersee Nature Park, Meißner-Kaufungen Forest Nature Park, Habichtswald Nature Park and the Weser Uplands Nature Park. The towns and cities associated with the Brothers Grimm and located along the route are Hanau, Steinau, Marburg and Kassel. The original Children’s and Household Tales (German: Kinder- und Hausmärchen), edited and published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in 1812 and known today as Grimm’s Fairy Tales (German: Grimms Märchen), can be found in Kassel. In 2005, this collection was added to the

This is a document about Kassel
 The Brothers Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who collected folklore and published several collections as Grimms' Fairy Tales ; Helmut Kollars (born 1968), writer and illustrator ; Rudolf Erich Raspe (1736–1794), University of Kassel librarian who fled to England after embezzling significant funds from Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and wrote (or compiled) The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchhausen ; Paul Reuter (1816–1899), reporter, founder of the Reuters news agency ; Lucien Scheler (1902–1999), French poet, writer, and publisher

This is a document about The Twelve Brothers
  The tale was published by the Brothers Grimm in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1812, and substantially rewritten in the second edition (1819). Their sources were Julia R. Ramus (1792–1862) and Charlotte R. Ramus (1793–1858).

This is a document about Deutsche Sagen
  Deutsche Sagen ("German Legends") is a publication by the Brothers Grimm, appearing in two volumes in 1816 and 1818. The collection includes 579 short summaries of German folk tales and legends (where "German" refers not just to German-speaking Europe generally but includes early Germanic history as well). Deutsche Sagen followed the 1812 publication of Kinder- und Hausmärchen (known in English as Grimms' Fairy Tales). It never gained the wide popular appeal and influence of the latter, although it did influence the scholarly study of folk narrative. The first volume contains 362 short tales, provided in short summary with a source. The source is in some cases "oral", with the

This is a document about The Fisherman and His Wife
  The tale was published by the Brothers Grimm in the first edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1812 as tale no. 19. Their source was the German painter Philipp Otto Runge (1777–1810), from whom the Grimms obtained a manuscript of the tale in 1809. Johann Gustav Büsching published another version of Runge's manuscript a few months earlier in 1812 in Volkssagen, Märchen und Legenden, with some discrepancies with Grimm's version.

This is a document about The Four Skillful Brothers
  The Brothers Grimm published this tale in the second edition of Kinder- und Hausmärchen in 1819. Their source was Family von Haxthausen.

The Brothers Grimm first published their collection of fairy tales, known as "Grimms' Fairy Tales," on December 20, 1812. However, they continued to add new stories to the collection until the seventh edition in 1857, which contained 211 unique fairy tales.


Question: which island is the statue of liberty located

Answer: Liberty Island

This is a document about Liberty Island
 Liberty Island Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty ("Liberty Enlightening the World"). The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. Liberty Island became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1937 through Presidential Proclamation 2250, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1966, it was listed

This is a document about Statue of Liberty National Monument
 Statue of Liberty National Monument The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States National Monument located in the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York comprising Liberty Island and Ellis Island. It includes "Liberty Enlightening the World", commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, situated on Liberty Island, and the former immigration station at Ellis Island, including the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital. The monument is managed by the National Park Service as part of the National Parks of New York Harbor office. President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800. As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory though located on the New Jersey side of the state line. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. Land created by reclamation added to the original island at

This is a document about Liberty Island
 on the National Register of Historic Places as part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island. According to the United States Census Bureau, the island has a land area of 59,558 square meters, or 14.717 acres, which is the property of the federal government. Liberty Island is located in the Upper New York Bay within the waters of Jersey City, Hudson County, New Jersey. It is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. The historical developments which led to this construction created the rare situation of an exclave

This is a document about Liberty Island
 Liberty Island souvenir shops. In response to a FAQ about whether the Statue of Liberty is in New York or New Jersey, the National Park Service, which oversees Liberty Island, cites the 1834 compact. Question 127 on a naturalization examination piloted in 2006 asks "Where is the Statue of Liberty?" The U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services gives "New York Harbor" and "Liberty Island" as preferred answers, but notes that "New Jersey," "New York," "New York City," and "on the Hudson" are acceptable. The Statue of Liberty itself is claimed as a symbol by both New York and New Jersey.

This is a document about Statue of Liberty National Monument
 have variously been the subject of a colonial land grant, a provincial governor's directive, and an interstate compact, as well as several court cases and U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Liberty Island and the acreage on Ellis Island are part of New York City which are completely surrounded by the municipal borders of Jersey City, including created by land reclamation at Ellis Island and riparian areas. Jurisdiction not superseded by the federal government falls to the appropriate state. Statue of Liberty: Ellis Island: Jurisdiction: Ellis Island: Statue of Liberty National Monument The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States

This is a document about Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
 and early warnings that would allow visitors to estimate any possible waiting times and to be conveniently advised if and when to visit or enter the statue. The report also discussed ways to streamline ferry access both to and from Liberty Island and Ellis Island. The early report did not address the ever-deteriorating physical condition of the statue, which was already readily apparent. The French American Committee for the Restoration of the Statue of Liberty was formed in May 1981. The Department of the Interior (of which the National Park Service is a bureau) later that month, on May 26,

This is a document about Institutions in the Southern Victory Series
 a celebration as Remembrance Day. This statue, in New York City's harbor, occupies the place of our timeline's Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was not built in this timeline because relations between the United States and France are poor due to France's support of the Confederate States. Rather than the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island (still under the name of Bedloe's Island) is taken up by a similar but more grim German-influenced statue known as the Statue of Remembrance holding the "Sword of Vengeance". Whenever either Germany gave the statue to the United States or the USA building

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 close again a day later due to Hurricane Sandy. Although the storm did not harm the statue, it destroyed some of the infrastructure on both Liberty Island and Ellis Island, severely damaging the dock used by the ferries bearing visitors to the statue. On November 8, 2012, a Park Service spokesperson announced that both islands would remain closed for an indefinite period for repairs to be done. Due to lack of electricity on Liberty Island, a generator was installed to power temporary floodlights to illuminate the statue at night. The superintendent of Statue of Liberty National Monument, David Luchsinger, whose

This is a document about Liberty Island
 months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by President Grover Cleveland. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956. On October 7, 2016, construction started on a new Statue of Liberty museum on Liberty Island. The new $70 million, museum will be able to accommodate all of the island's visitors when it opens in 2019, as opposed to the current museum, which only 20% of the island's visitors can visit. The original torch will be relocated here,

This is a document about Hudson River
 Ellis Island, partially belonging to both the states of New Jersey and New York, is located just south of the river's mouth in New York Harbor. The Statue of Liberty, located on Liberty Island, is located a bit further south of there. A stretch on the east bank of the Hudson has been designated the Hudson River Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. The Palisades Interstate Park Commission protects the Palisades on the west bank of the river. The Hudson River was designated as an American Heritage River in 1997. The Hudson River estuary system is part of the National

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 home on the island was severely damaged, stated that it would be "optimistically ... months" before the island was reopened to the public. The statue and Liberty Island reopened to the public on July 4, 2013. Ellis Island remained closed for repairs for several more months but reopened in late October 2013. For part of October 2013, Liberty Island was closed to the public due to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013, along with other federally funded museums, parks, monuments, construction projects and buildings. The statue and Liberty Island were briefly closed on July 4, 2018, due to

This is a document about Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
 the toughness of 19th century industrial construction and the grace of a cathedral." Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty A centennial conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty ("Liberty Enlightening the World") occurred between 1984 and 1986. The Statue of Liberty, by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, is a colossal artwork on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, and is a part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Much of the restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, as metallurgical repair work on such a large scale had never been attempted. Many scientists, engineers, government organizations, and professional consultants

This is a document about Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
 Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty A centennial conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty ("Liberty Enlightening the World") occurred between 1984 and 1986. The Statue of Liberty, by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, is a colossal artwork on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, and is a part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Much of the restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, as metallurgical repair work on such a large scale had never been attempted. Many scientists, engineers, government organizations, and professional consultants evaluated and dealt with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort.

This is a document about How Few Remain
 and Lorraine. In this timeline's New York City, there is no Statue of Liberty on Bedloe's Island, nor does the name get changed to Liberty Island – as relations between the United States and France are poor, due to France's support for the Confederacy, and there is no question of the French donating such a statue to the Americans. Instead, the island is taken up by a similar but more grim German-influenced statue known as the Statue of Remembrance holding the "Sword of Vengeance". Whenever either Germany gave the statue to the United States or the USA built it itself

This is a document about Circle Line Downtown
 War II, retired Coast Guard cutters, and private yachts. Operating as Circle Line-Statue of Liberty Ferry, Inc., this offshoot was contracted by the United States Department of Interior National Park Service to provide exclusive ferry service to both Liberty Island and Ellis Island in 1954. In 1982, the company collectively known as Circle Line split into two separate entities, Circle Line Sightseeing at 42nd Street and Circle Line-Statue of Liberty Ferry, Inc. Meyer and Moran soon came to head Statue of Liberty Ferry. Operating out of Battery Park, Circle Line-Statue of Liberty Ferry, Inc. ran service to Liberty and Ellis

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 it is seen half-buried in sand. It is knocked over in the science-fiction film "Independence Day" and in "Cloverfield" the head is ripped off. In Jack Finney's time-travel novel "Time and Again", the right arm of the statue, on display in the early 1880s in Madison Square Park, plays a crucial role. Robert Holdstock, consulting editor of "The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction", wondered in 1979: Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue,

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
 Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island as Liberty Island, a change advocated by Bartholdi generations earlier. The act also mentioned the efforts to found an American Museum of Immigration on the island, which backers took as federal approval of the project, though the government was slow to grant funds for it. Nearby Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. In 1972, the immigration museum, in the statue's base, was finally opened in a ceremony led by President Richard Nixon. The museum's backers never provided it with an endowment


Question: where do the resident microorganisms reside in the skin

Answer: superficial layers of the epidermis

This is a document about Skin flora
 that is not found in gut studies. Both gut and skin flora however lack the diversity found in soil flora. Skin flora The term skin flora (also commonly referred to as skin microbiota) refers to the microorganisms which reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from nineteen phyla. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The

This is a document about Skin flora
 Skin flora The term skin flora (also commonly referred to as skin microbiota) refers to the microorganisms which reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from nineteen phyla. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting

This is a document about Human microbiome
  A study of 20 skin sites on each of ten healthy humans found 205 identified genera in 19 bacterial phyla, with most sequences assigned to four phyla: Actinobacteria (51.8%), Firmicutes (24.4%), Proteobacteria (16.5%), and Bacteroidetes (6.3%). A large number of fungal genera are present on healthy human skin, with some variability by region of the body; however, during pathological conditions, certain genera tend to dominate in the affected region. For example, Malassezia is dominant in atopic dermatitis and Acremonium is dominant on dandruff-afflicted scalps. The skin acts as a barrier to deter the invasion of pathogenic microbes. The human skin contains microbes that reside either in or on the skin and can be residential or transient. Resident microorganism types vary in relation to skin type on the human body. A majority of microbes reside on superficial cells on the skin or prefer to associate with glands. These glands such as oil or sweat glands provide the microbes with water, amino acids, and fatty acids. In addition, resident bacteria that associated with oil glands are often Gram-positive and can be pathogenic.

This is a document about Human skin
  beside the nostril, nares (inside the nostril), and on the back. Reflecting upon the diversity of the human skin researchers on the human skin microbiome have observed: "hairy, moist underarms lie a short distance from smooth dry forearms, but these two niches are likely as ecologically dissimilar as rainforests are to deserts." The NIH conducted the Human Microbiome Project to characterize the human microbiota which includes that on the skin and the role of this microbiome in health and disease. Microorganisms like Staphylococcus epidermidis colonize the skin surface. The density of skin flora depends on region of the skin. The disinfected skin surface gets recolonized from bacteria residing in the deeper areas of the hair follicle, gut and urogenital openings.

This is a document about Skin flora
   The term skin flora, also commonly called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota (communities of microorganisms) that reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1,000 species upon human skin from nineteen phyla. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora is usually non-pathogenic, and either commensal (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system. However, resident microbes can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system, creating life-threatening diseases, particularly in immunosuppressed people. A major non-human skin flora is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid and non-hyphal zoosporic fungus that causes chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease thought to be responsible for the decline in amphibian populations.

This is a document about Acid mantle
  its microflora. The skin provides the right environmental condition for the resident flora and the resident flora in turn strengthen skin’s defence by prevention of the colonization of harmful bacteria as well as playing a role in the acidification of the skin. Using skincare products to alter the skin pH down to 4.0-4.5 kept the resident bacterial flora attached to the skin while using alkaline personal care products on the skin promoted their dispersal from the skin. Since blood is slightly alkaline (7.4), pathogenic bacteria that become adapted to the pH of the skin and are able to reach internal tissues will encounter an environment to which they are less well adapted. This combination of acidic exterior and alkaline interior is one of the body's non-specific host defenses against bacterial pathogens.

This is a document about Langerhans cell
   Langerhans cells (LC) are tissue-resident macrophages of the skin, and contain organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis and are most prominent in the stratum spinosum. They also occur in the papillary dermis, particularly around blood vessels, as well as in the mucosa of the mouth, foreskin, and vaginal epithelium. They can be found in other tissues, such as lymph nodes, particularly in association with the condition Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

This is a document about Geotrichosis
  Cutaneous geotrichosis has two different types of variants which include superficial and deep infection. The superficial form the infection occurs on skin folds including submammary, inguinal, perianal and interdigital folds. The deep form develops nodules, tumours and ulcers on legs, face and hands. Geotrichosis can cause a cystic lesion appears as soft tissue on the skin. Geotrichum candidum is also a frequent member of the human microbiome, notably associated with skin, sputum and feces where it occurs in 25-30% of specimens. The fungus can cause an infection known as geotrichosis, affecting the oral, bronchial, skin and bronchopulmonary epithelia. The inoculum may

This is a document about Human skin
  The skin supports its own ecosystems of microorganisms, including yeasts and bacteria, which cannot be removed by any amount of cleaning. Estimates place the number of individual bacteria on the surface of 1 sqin of human skin at 50 million, though this figure varies greatly over the average 20 sqft of human skin. Oily surfaces, such as the face, may contain over 500 e6/sqin. Despite these vast quantities, all of the bacteria found on the skin's surface would fit into a volume the size of a pea. In general, the microorganisms keep one another in check and are part of a healthy skin. When the balance is disturbed, there may be an overgrowth and infection, such as when antibiotics kill microbes, resulting in an overgrowth of yeast. The skin is continuous with the inner epithelial lining of the body at the orifices, each of which supports its own complement of microbes. Cosmetics should be used carefully on the skin because these may cause allergic reactions. Each season requires suitable clothing in order to facilitate the evaporation of the sweat. Sunlight, water and air play an important role in keeping the skin healthy.

This is a document about Human microbiome
   The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Types of human microbiota include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live on the human body, they are typically excluded from this definition. In the context of genomics, the term human microbiome is sometimes used to refer to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms; however, the term human metagenome has the same meaning. Humans are colonized by many microorganisms, with approximately the same order of magnitude of non-human cells as human cells. Some microorganisms that colonize humans are commensal, meaning they

This is a document about Epidermidibacterium keratini
  Human skin provides a habitat for various microorganisms that stably maintain communities through commensal relationships. And skin aging is associated with changes in cutaneous physiology including interactions with a skin microbial community. This strain was first isolated from young woman. Additionally, the younger skin appeared to have high proportion of E. keratini, while the older skin had no E. keratini but rather other types of bacteria that this species has been found to be related to skin aging.

This is a document about Microbiome
  The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, including the skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Types of human microbiota include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live on the human body, they are typically excluded from this definition. In the context of genomics, the term human microbiome is sometimes used to refer to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms; the term human metagenome has the same meaning. Humans are colonised by many microorganisms, with approximately the same order of magnitude of non-human cells as human cells. Some microorganisms that colonize humans are commensal, meaning they co-exist

This is a document about Human skin
  The human skin is a rich environment for microbes. Around 1000 species of bacteria from 19 bacterial phyla have been found. Most come from only four phyla: Actinobacteria (51.8%), Firmicutes (24.4%), Proteobacteria (16.5%), and Bacteroidetes (6.3%). Propionibacteria and Staphylococci species were the main species in sebaceous areas. There are three main ecological areas: moist, dry and sebaceous. In moist places on the body Corynebacteria together with Staphylococci dominate. In dry areas, there is a mixture of species but dominated by b-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteriales. Ecologically, sebaceous areas had greater species richness than moist and dry ones. The areas with least similarity between people in species were the spaces between fingers, the spaces between toes, axillae, and umbilical cord stump. Most similarly

This is a document about Microbial symbiosis and immunity
  The skin microbiota is vital as a line of defense against infection, a physical barrier between the environment and the inside of the host. Commensal microbes that live on the skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that aid the host immune system. These AMPs signal immune responses and maintain an inflammatory homeostasis by modulating the release of cytokines. S. epidermidis secretes a small molecule AMP which leads to increased expression of Human β-defensins. S. epidermidis also stimulates IL-17A+ CD8+ T cells production that increases host immunity. Exposure to these skin commensal bacteria early in development is crucial for host tolerance of these microbes as T cell encounters allow commensal antigen presentation to be common during development. S. epidermidis and other important microflora work similarly to support homeostasis and general health in areas all over the human body such as the oral cavity, vagina, gastrointestinal tract, and oropharynx.

This is a document about Skin immunity
  Recent studies have demonstrated that specific components of the microbiota, as well as their metabolites, selectively promote the activation and the expansion of different T cell subsets under normal and/or pathological conditions. For example, colonization with Staphylococcus epidermidis may have diverse effects, as promote the growth of IL-17A+ CD8+ T cells that reside in the epidermis. This, would limit pathogen invasion improving innate immune barrier in an IL-17 dependent manner. According to an investigation led by US researchers, skin-resident CD11b+ dendritic cells would be the ones to orchestrate a specific response after interacting with commensal bacteria stimulating the proliferation of

This is a document about Hospital-acquired infection
  workers to overcome this problem is conducting correct hand-hygiene procedures; this is why the WHO launched in 2005 the GLOBAL Patient Safety Challenge. Two categories of micro-organisms can be present on health care workers' hands: transient flora and resident flora. The first is represented by the micro-organisms taken by workers from the environment, and the bacteria in it are capable of surviving on the human skin and sometimes to grow. The second group is represented by the permanent micro-organisms living on the skin surface (on the stratum corneum or immediately under it). They are capable of surviving on the human skin and

This is a document about Skin flora
  Psoriasis vulgaris typically affects drier skin sites such as elbows and knees. Dry areas of the skin tend to have high microbial diversity and fewer populations than sebaceous sites. A study using swab sampling techniques show areas rich in Firmicutes (mainly Streptococcus and Staphylococcus) and Actinobacteria (mainly Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium) are associated with psoriasis. While another study using biopsies associate increased levels of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria with healthy skin. However most studies show that individuals affected by psoriasis have a lower microbial diversity in the affected areas. Treatments for psoriasis include topical agents, phototherapy, and systemic agents. Current research on the skin microbiota's role in psoriasis is inconsistent therefore there are no potential probiotic treatments.

This is a document about Human microbiome
   Populations of microbes (such as bacteria and yeasts) inhabit the skin and mucosal surfaces in various parts of the body. Their role forms part of normal, healthy human physiology, however if microbe numbers grow beyond their typical ranges (often due to a compromised immune system) or if microbes populate (such as through poor hygiene or injury) areas of the body normally not colonized or sterile (such as the blood, or the lower respiratory tract, or the abdominal cavity), disease can result (causing, respectively, bacteremia/sepsis, pneumonia, and peritonitis). The Human Microbiome Project found that individuals host thousands of bacterial types, different body sites having their own distinctive communities. Skin and vaginal sites showed smaller diversity than the mouth and

This is a document about Skin immunity
  Skin microbiota plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and local immunity. Skin microbial communities are highly diverse and can be remodeled over time or in response to environment challenges. From around 2005 on, the scientific community has thoroughly developed the concept of human microbiome and begun the systematic study to establish the relationship between the microbiome and human physiology in health and disease. We begin to understand that gut microbiota helps modulating host immunity at a systemic level. However, gut microbiome does not affect skin immunity significantly, instead, skin immunity is modulated by skin microflora according to the results obtained by Naik et al.

The resident microorganisms in the skin, also known as the skin flora, reside on the superficial parts of the skin, usually in the upper part of the epidermis or hair follicles. They are mostly non-pathogenic and offer mutualistic or commensalistic benefits to the host.


Question: what is the benefit of a fluted barrel

Answer: to reduce weight

This is a document about Fluting (firearms)
 Fluting (firearms) In firearms terminology, fluting refers to the removal of material from a cylindrical surface, usually creating grooves. This is most often the barrel of a rifle, though it may also refer to the cylinder of a revolver or the bolt of a bolt action rifle. In contrast to rifle barrels and revolver cylinders, rifle bolts are normally helically fluted, though helical fluting is sometimes also applied to rifle barrels. The main purpose of fluting is to reduce weight, and to a lesser extent increase rigidity for a given total weight or increase surface area to make the barrels

This is a document about Stoner 63
 barrels, a standard heavy barrel and a short Commando tube. The standard machine gun and AR barrels are in length (not including the flash suppressor). The Commando barrel has a length of and is fluted to reduce weight and enhance the barrel's cooling characteristics. This version was sometimes used by the Navy SEALS but was never fully reliable as the gas port is near the muzzle and as soon as the bullet leaves the barrel, gas pressures drop drastically leaving the operating system little to no power reserve. The gas port was drilled larger in an attempt to alleviate this

This is a document about McMillan TAC-50
 to provide 0.5 minute of angle (MOA) groups with match-grade ammunition under ideal conditions. The McMillan TAC-50 is a manually operated, rotary bolt-action rifle. The large bolt has dual front locking lugs, and its body has spiral flutes to reduce weight. The heavy match-grade barrel, made by Lilja barrels, is also fluted to dissipate heat quickly and reduce overall weight and fitted with an effective muzzle brake to reduce recoil. The rifle is fed from detachable box magazines, holding 5 rounds each. The stock is made from fiberglass by McMillan Stocks, and is designed to be used from a bipod

This is a document about Savage 110 BA
  The 110 BA includes a fluted heavy barrel that is free-floating which provides high accuracy. Thicker barrels are generally stiffer, and thus deflect less when a force is applied, such as when a forearm touches a barrel. A heavier barrel also tends to vibrate less when fired, thus sending bullets more consistently in the same direction. Their greater weight (within reason) makes it easier to hold the rifle steady. For all of these reasons, heavy barrels are generally more accurate than lighter barrels. The "flutes" are essentially grooves that are cut into the length of the barrel to help it dissipating heat. There are many arguments for and against fluted barrels; but whatever the take Savage decided that fluting this barrel on the 110 BA was a good idea.

This is a document about Comparison of the AK-47 and M16
  "A longer rifle barrel has the advantages of a longer sight radius, theoretically allowing a shooter to obtain a higher degree of accuracy from the improved precision of the sights alone. A longer barrel also provides a longer path for the projectile to stabilize prior to exiting the barrel, while allotting a longer period of time for the propellant charge to act on the projectile, often resulting in higher muzzle velocities and more consistent trajectories. A long barrel inherently provides more mass available for heat transfer, increasing the heat transfer rate incurred between shots, in turn allotting less warpage in the

This is a document about Heckler & Koch G3
  The rifled barrel -  four right-hand grooves with a 305 mm twist rate - terminates with a slotted flash suppressor which can also be used to attach a bayonet or serve as an adapter for launching rifle grenades. From the G3A3 the barrel was free floated from the stock and had polygonal rifling. The barrel chamber is fluted with twelve flutes, which assists in the initial extraction of a spent cartridge casing (since the breech is opened under very high barrel in internal cartridge case pressure).

This is a document about Skelp
  have often made up for the lack of machine tools. Damascus barrels were generally designed for black powder charges. The breech end of the tube was much thicker than the muzzle end, and this held the initial impulse pressure from the black powder. By the time the bullet reached the muzzle, the pressure had dropped quite a bit, so muzzle reinforcement was not needed. This gave a better weight distribution through the length of the weapon. Smokeless powders burn more slowly than black powder, thus maintaining high pressures throughout the barrel. Since the barrel is not reinforced at the muzzle, it may not be able to contain the pressure. Also, most Damascus barrels were made before modern smokeless powders, so the age of the barrel can be a safety hazard.

This is a document about Barrel
  Barrels have a convex shape and bulge at their center, called bilge. This facilitates rolling a well-built wooden barrel on its side and allows the roller to change directions with little friction, compared to a cylinder. It also helps to distribute stress evenly in the material by making the container more curved. Barrels have reinforced edges to enable safe displacement by rolling them at an angle (in addition to rolling on their sides as described). Casks used for ale or beer have shives and keystones in their openings. Before serving the beer, a spile is hammered into the shive and a tap into the keystone. The wooden parts that make up a barrel are called staves, the top and bottom are both called heads or headers, and the rings that hold the staves together are called hoops.

This is a document about Colt Advanced Piston Carbine
  The weapon has a suppression-ready fluted barrel, which is lighter and cools better than previous M4 barrels. It is claimed to have "markedly better" accuracy. To improve reliability, Colt used an articulating link piston (ALP) which "reduces the inherent stress in the piston stroke by allowing for deflection and thermal expansion". In traditional gas piston operating systems, the force of the piston striking the bolt carrier can push the bolt carrier downwards and into the wall of the buffer tube, leading to accelerated wear and even chipped metal. This is known as carrier tilt. The ALP (articulating link piston) allows the operating rod to wiggle to correct for the downward pressure on the bolt and transfers the force straight backwards in line with the bore and buffer assembly, eliminating the carrier tilt. This relieves stress on parts and helps to increase accuracy.

This is a document about Barrel processor
 The ability to do useful work on the other threads while the stalled thread is waiting. ; Designing an n-way barrel processor with an n-deep pipeline is much simpler than designing a single-tasking processor because a barrel processor never has a pipeline stall and doesn't need feed-forward circuits. ; For real-time applications, a barrel processor can guarantee that a "real-time" thread can execute with precise timing, no matter what happens to the other threads, even if some other thread locks up in an infinite loop or is continuously interrupted by hardware interrupts. A single-tasking processor spends a lot of time idle, not doing anything useful whenever a cache miss or pipeline stall occurs. Advantages to employing barrel processors over single-tasking processors include:

This is a document about Heckler & Koch HK33
  The barrel contains 6 right-hand grooves and terminates with a slotted flash suppressor that enables the use of rifle grenades and supports a standard G3-type bayonet that mounts above the barrel. The barrel chamber is fluted, which assists in the initial extraction of a spent cartridge casing (since the breech is opened under very high internal cartridge case pressure). Initially the rifle was produced with a 305 mm (1:12 in) twist rate barrel, which was later upgraded to the faster 178 mm (1:7 in) twist rate (used to stabilize new, heavier NATO-standard SS109/M855 ammunition).

This is a document about Gun barrel
  In firearms terminology, fluting refers to the removal of material from a cylindrical surface, usually creating rounded grooves, for the purpose of reducing weight. This is most often done to the exterior surface of a rifle barrel, though it may also be applied to the cylinder of a revolver or the bolt of a bolt-action rifle. Most flutings on rifle barrels and revolver cylinders are straight, though helical flutings can be seen on rifle bolts and occasionally also rifle barrels. While the main purpose of fluting is just to reduce weight and improve portability, when adequately done it can retain the structural strength and rigidity and increase the overall specific strength. Fluting will also increase the surface-to-volume ratio and make the barrel more efficient to cool after firing, though the reduced material mass also means the barrel will heat up easily during firing.

This is a document about Savage 110 BA
  A free-floating barrel means that the barrel does not touch the stock that is connected to it except at the very end near the receiver and bolt end; where it is attached. The advantage to this design is that there is less vibration resonance. This means that as bullets are fired down the barrel their energy is usually channeled down the edges of the barrel. If the barrel were touching the stock throughout its entire length the energy traveling down the barrel would be transferred to the stock. This transference of energy to the stock would thus cause resonance which results in prolongation of vibrations by reflection. The effect of this is that the entire rifle tends to vibrate which causes inaccuracy as accuracy is a product of stability and not movement. A barrel that is free-floating thus eliminates these problems.

This is a document about Artificial lift
 Barrel: The barrel is a long cylinder, which can be from 10 to 36 ft long, with a diameter of 1.25 in to 3.75 in. After experience with several materials for its construction, the American Petroleum Institute (API) standardized the use of two materials or compositions for this part: carbon steel and brass, both with an inside coating of chrome. The advantage of brass against the harder carbon steel is its 100% resistance to corrosion. ; Piston/Plunger: This is a nickel-metal sprayed steel cylinder that goes inside the barrel. Its main purpose is to create a sucking effect that lifts the fluids beneath it and then, with the help of the valves, take the fluids above it, progressively, out of the well. It achieves this with a reciprocating up and

This is a document about Barrel
 "Bordeaux type" 225 L, ; "Burgundy type" 228 L and ; "Cognac type" 300 L.  A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, usually alcoholic beverages; a small barrel or cask is known as a keg. Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are made of French common oak (Quercus robur), white oak (Quercus petraea), or American white oak (Quercus alba) and typically have standard sizes: Modern barrels and casks can also be made of aluminum, stainless steel, and different types of

This is a document about Barrel (horology)
   Used in mechanical watches and clocks, a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover, with a ring of gear teeth around it, containing a spiral spring called the mainspring, which provides power to run the timepiece. The barrel turns on an arbor (axle). The spring is hooked to the barrel at its outer end and to the arbor at its inner end. The barrel teeth engage the first pinion of the wheel train of the watch, usually the center wheel. Barrels rotate slowly: for a watch mainspring barrel, the rate is usually one rotation every 8 hours. This construction allows the mainspring to be wound (by turning the arbour) without interrupting the tension of the spring driving the timepiece.

This is a document about Breechloader
  because it is far quicker to load the projectile and propellant into the chamber of a gun/cannon than to reach all the way over to the front end to load ammunition and then push them back down a long tube – especially when the projectile fits tightly and the tube has spiral ridges from rifling. In field artillery, the advantages were similar – crews no longer had to get in front of the gun and force things down a long barrel with a ramrod, and the shot could now tightly fit the bore, increasing accuracy. It also made it easier to load

This is a document about Gun barrel
  A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type ranged weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces and air guns. It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal, through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end (muzzle) at a high velocity. The hollow interior of the barrel is called the bore, and the diameter of the bore is called its caliber, usually measured in inches or millimetres. The first firearms were made at a time when metallurgy was not advanced enough to cast tubes capable of withstanding the explosive forces of early cannons, so the pipe (often built from staves of metal) needed to be braced periodically along its length for structural reinforcement, producing an appearance somewhat reminiscent of storage barrels being stacked together, hence the English name.

This is a document about Polygonal rifling
 Not compromising the barrel's thickness in the area of each groove as with traditional rifling, and also less sensitive to stress concentration-induced barrel failure. ; Providing a better gas seal around the projectile as polygonal bores tend to have shallower, smoother edges with a slightly smaller bore area, which translates into more efficient seal of the combustion gases trapped behind the bullet, slightly greater (consistency in) muzzle velocities and slightly increased accuracy. ; Less bullet deformation, resulting less frictional resistance when the bullet travels through the barrel, which helps to increase muzzle velocity. The lack of sharp surface deformation on the bullet (rifling marks) also reduce drag in flight. ; Reduced buildup of copper or lead

A fluted barrel is designed to reduce weight while maintaining or increasing rigidity. This is typically achieved by removing material from the barrel in a helical pattern, creating grooves or "flutes." The benefit of a fluted barrel is that it can help reduce the overall weight of the firearm, making it easier to carry and maneuver, especially in the case of long guns like rifles. Additionally, the flutes can help dissipate heat more effectively, which can be beneficial in high-performance applications where the barrel is subjected to high temperatures.


Question: when did israel adopt the star of david

Answer: October 28 , 1948

This is a document about Star of David
 of United States Army private Hal Baumgarten, who wore a Star of David emblazoned on his back during the 1944 invasion of Normandy. The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the "flag of Zion". Many Modern Orthodox synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently

This is a document about Star of David
  The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the "flag of Zion". Many Modern Orthodox synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently displayed at the front of the synagogues near the Ark containing the Torah scrolls. Magen David Adom (MDA) ("Red Star of David" or, translated literally, "Red Shield

This is a document about Khazars
  since warrior graves with Jewish symbols were found there, including menorahs, shofars, etrogs, lulavs, candlesnuffers, ash collectors, inscriptions in Hebrew, and a six-pointed star identical to the Star of David. The Khazar state was not the only Jewish state to rise between the fall of the Second Temple (67–70 CE) and the establishment of Israel (1948). A state in Yemen also adopted Judaism in the 4th century, lasting until the rise of Islam. The Khazar kingdom is said to have stimulated messianic aspirations for a return to Israel as early as Judah Halevi. In the time of the Egyptian vizier Al-Afdal Shahanshah (d. 1121), one Solomon ben Duji,

This is a document about Seal of Solomon
  Hellenistic Judaism in 3rd-century Egypt. The hexagram or "Star of David", which became a symbol of Judaism in the modern period and was placed on the flag of Israel in 1948, has its origins in 14th-century depictions of the Seal of Solomon. In 1354, King of Bohemia Charles IV prescribed for the Jews of Prague a red flag with both David's shield and Solomon's seal, while the red flag with which the Jews met King Matthias of Hungary in the 15th century showed two pentagrams with two golden stars. Peter de Abano's Heptameron (1496) makes reference to the "Pentacle

This is a document about Benish Mininberg
  Benish near the Palace in Ankara. Benish returned to Israel in 1939 and was sent to Egypt as a professional representative of “Tzeva” – today known as “Tambur”. In 1948, when the Israeli Air Force was established, Benish participated in a competition to choose the design for the Air Force emblem. His design for the emblem, a Star of David combined with a wing was chosen. This was the first emblem for the Air force's beret, which years later was replaced by the current one. Following the establishment of the state of Israel, he painted and sold his paintings. His son, Abraham, joined him and they moved

This is a document about List of national symbols of Israel
  The flag of Israel is the official flag of the State of Israel, which represents the state, its sovereignty, its institutions, and its citizens both in Israel and worldwide. This flag has a white background and two horizontal blue stripes, charged with a blue Star of David (Magen David) in the middle. The flag was conceived during the period of the First Aliyah and was adopted as the flag of the Zionism since the movement's inception in 1897. The flag was officially chosen as the flag of the State of Israel on 28 October 1948, and it was favoured over other flag proposals mainly due to the popularity it gained among the Jewish population in Israel. The two blue stripes represent a tallit or prayer shawl, and both sides of the split Red Sea that the Hebrews walked through as written in the Book of Exodus. The Star of David also represents the Jewish identity of Israel, as well as the culture and history of the Jewish people.

This is a document about Star of David
   The Star of David, known in Hebrew as Magen David (מָגֵן דָּוִד, "Shield of David"), is a generally-recognized symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism. Its shape is that of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles. A derivation of the Medieval "Seal of Solomon", which was used for decorative and mystic purposes by both Muslims and Kabbalistic Jews, its adoption as a distinctive symbol for the Jewish people and religion dates back to 17th-century Prague. In the 19th century, the symbol began to be widely used among the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, ultimately coming to be used to represent Jewish religion or identity. It became representative of the Zionist movement after it was chosen as the central symbol for a flag at the First Zionist Congress in 1897. By the end of the First World War, it had become an internationally accepted symbol for the Jewish people, being used on the gravestones of fallen Jewish soldiers. Today, the star is used as the central symbol on the national flag of the State of Israel.

This is a document about Flag of Israel
  as navy blue, to hues about 75% toward pure cyan and shades as light as very light blue. An early version of the flag was displayed in 1885 at a procession marking the third anniversary of Rishon LeZion. A similar version was designed for the Zionist Movement in 1891. The basic design recalls the Tallit (טַלִּית), the Jewish prayer shawl, which is white with black or blue stripes. The symbol in the center represents the Star of David (Magen David, מָגֵן דָּוִד), a Jewish symbol dating from late medieval Prague, which was adopted by the First Zionist Congress in 1897.

This is a document about Religious symbolism in the United States military
  Judah" supporting the six-pointed star. This symbol would remain the insignia for Jewish chaplains until 1981, when the navy changed its insignia to include the first ten letters of the Hebrew alphabet—to replace the Roman numerals—and both the army and the air force followed suit. While the official change to Hebrew letters became official November 9, 1981 Jewish chaplains were not required to make the uniform change until January 1, 1983. Insignia decisions for chaplains representing faith groups other than Christianity and Judaism have not been made unilaterally by the army, but instead have been joint decisions for all military chaplains.

This is a document about Hexagram
  The Magen David is a generally recognized symbol of Judaism and Jewish identity and is also known colloquially as the Jewish Star or "Star of David." Its usage as a sign of Jewish identity began in the Middle Ages, though its religious usage began earlier, with the current earliest archeological evidence being a stone bearing the shield from the arch of a 3–4th century synagogue in the Galilee.

This is a document about Jewish state
  non-Jews from its narrative of national identity. Similar criticism has been made of the Israeli flag which resembles the Tallit (a Jewish prayer shawl) and features a Star of David, universally acknowledged as a symbol of Judaism. Critics of Israel as a Jewish state, particularly a nation state, have suggested that it should adopt more inclusive and neutral symbolism. In the course of the Cold War, the Soviet Union, its satellite states and agencies, as well as many African, Asian and Arab states, presented the concept of Zionism and the Jewish state as an embodiment of racism, imperialism and colonialism. In 1975, the UN General Assembly Resolution

This is a document about Siebenberg House
  Below the Siebenberg House was also uncovered an ancient stone faucet, and a square stone 10'/10'. Inside this stone one can see a five pointed star; pentagram carving that was called the Seal of Solomon from his time. At one point the Jews stopped using it, and the Star of David (Hebrew: מגן דוד: Magen David) is used starting from the 11th century CE some saying even as late as the 14th century. and a bronze bell, that used to be a musical instrument at that time. An etching on a capital remains a carving of a three-legged Menorah. From the Byzantine Period a water cistern was unearthed, which apparently was plastered on top of four walls from the Hasmonean Period. Two mikvehs

This is a document about Star of David
  from its bag and unroll it before the eyes of Israel and the eyes of all nations. So I ordered a blue and white flag with the Shield of David painted upon it. That is how the national flag, that flew over Congress Hall, came into being. In the early 20th century, the symbol began to be used to express Jewish affiliations in sports. Hakoah Vienna was a Jewish sports club founded in Vienna, Austria, in 1909 whose teams competed with the Star of David on the chest of their uniforms, and won the 1925 Austrian League soccer championship. Similarly, The Philadelphia Sphas basketball team in Philadelphia (whose name

This is a document about International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  For over 50 years, Israel requested the addition of a red Star of David, arguing that since Christian and Muslim emblems were recognized, the corresponding Jewish emblem should be as well. This emblem has been used by Magen David Adom (MDA), or Red Star of David, but it is not recognized by the Geneva Conventions as a protected symbol. The first use of the ″Magen David Adom″ was during the Anglo Boer War in South Africa (1899–1902) when it was used by the Ambulance Corps founded by Ben Zion Aaron in Johannesburg as a first aid corps to assist the Boer forces. Permission was given by President Paul Kruger of the South African Republic for the Star of David to be used as its insignia, rather than the conventional red cross. The Red Star of David is not recognized as a protected symbol outside Israel; instead the MDA uses the Red Crystal emblem during international operations in order to ensure protection. Depending on the circumstances, it may place the Red Star of David inside the Red Crystal, or use the Red Crystal alone.

This is a document about History of the Jews in Apulia
  The earliest known depiction of the Star of David as a Jewish symbol appears on a Jewish tombstone in the Apulian town of Taranto. The Jews of Apulia were noted for their scholarship in Kabbalah, which has been assumed to be the genesis of the Star of David.

This is a document about Judaism and Mormonism
  The LDS Church includes among its traditional symbols the Star of David, which has been the symbol of Judaism since at least the 13th century. For the LDS Church, it represents the divine Israelite covenant, Israelite regathering, and affinity with Judaism; a Star of David is prominently depicted in a stained glass window in the landmark Salt Lake Assembly Hall.

This is a document about Flag of Israel
  Israeli public to submit proposals for a flag and they received 164 entries. Initially the council had wished to abandon the traditional design of the Zionist flag and create something completely different in order to prevent Jews around the world being charged with dual loyalty when displaying the Zionist flag which could create the impression they are flying the flag of a foreign country. On October 14, 1948 after Zionist representatives from around the world allayed the concerns of their Israeli colleagues, the flag of the Zionist Organisation was adopted as the official flag of the State of Israel.

This is a document about Israeli Jews
 The Israeli National Anthem (Hatikvah), which was written in 1878 by the secular Galician Jew Naphtali Herz Imber revolves around the nearly 2000-year-old hope of the Jewish people to be a free and sovereign people in the Land of Israel. ; The Israeli flag, which was designed for the Zionist Movement in 1891 features a basic design resembling the Tallit (a Jewish prayer shawl) and features a Star of David, generally acknowledged as a symbol of Judaism. The Israeli national anthem and the Israeli flag have exclusively Jewish themes and symbols: Critics of Israel as a Jewish nation state have suggested that it should adopt more inclusive and neutral symbolism for the

This is a document about Star of David
  A Star of David, often yellow, was used by the Nazis during the Holocaust to identify Jews. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, there initially were different local decrees forcing Jews to wear distinct signs (e.g. in the General Government, a white armband with a blue Star of David; in the Warthegau, a yellow badge, in the form of a Star of David, on the left breast and on the back). If a Jew was found in public without the star, he could be severely punished. The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word Jude (German for Jew) was then extended to all Jews over the age of six in the Reich and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (by a decree issued on September 1, 1941 and signed by Reinhard Heydrich) and was gradually introduced in other Nazi-occupied areas. Others, however, wore the Star of David as a symbol of defiance against Nazi antisemitism, as in the case of United States Army private Hal Baumgarten, who wore a Star of David emblazoned on his back during the 1944 invasion of Normandy.

Israel adopted the Star of David as its flag on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's independence on May 14, 1948. The design of the flag, which includes a blue Star of David on a white background with two horizontal blue stripes, was adopted during the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The origins of the Star of David can be traced back to the First Zionist Congress in 1897, and it has been used as a symbol of Jewish identity for over a century.