Question: when was it 's a wonderful life released

Answer: December 20 , 1946

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
 Life" premiered at the Globe Theatre in New York on December 20, 1946, to mixed reviews. While Capra thought the contemporary critical reviews were either universally negative, or at best dismissive, "Time" said, ""It's a Wonderful Life" is a pretty wonderful movie. It has only one formidable rival (Goldwyn's "The Best Years of Our Lives") as Hollywood's best picture of the year. Director Capra's inventiveness, humor, and affection for human beings keep it glowing with life and excitement." Bosley Crowther, writing for "The New York Times", complimented some of the actors, including Stewart and Reed, but concluded that "the weakness

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
  According to a 2006 book, "A spate of movies appeared just after the ending of the Second World War, including It's a Wonderful Life (1946) and Stairway to Heaven (1946), perhaps tapping into so many people's experience of loss of loved ones and offering a kind of consolation." It's a Wonderful Life premiered at the Globe Theatre in New York on December 20, 1946, to mixed reviews. While Capra thought the contemporary critical reviews were either universally negative, or at best dismissive, Time said, "It's a Wonderful Life is a pretty wonderful movie. It has only one formidable rival (Goldwyn's The Best Years of Our Lives) as Hollywood's

This is a document about Sinbad the Sailor (1947 film)
  RKO had originally planned to release the film for the 1946 Christmas season, but a strike at the Technicolor processing plant delayed the making of the color prints. The wide-release date was consequently moved to January 13, 1947, and RKO instead chose Frank Capra's black-and-white It's a Wonderful Life as their big 1946 Christmas movie.

This is a document about 1946 in film
 November 21 – William Wyler's The Best Years of Our Lives premieres in New York featuring an ensemble cast including Fredric March, Myrna Loy, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, and Harold Russell. December 20 – Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life, featuring James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, Henry Travers, and Thomas Mitchell opens in New York.

This is a document about Public domain in the United States
  In the United States, the images of Frank Capra's film It's a Wonderful Life (1946) entered into the public domain in 1974, because the copyright holder failed to file a renewal application with the Copyright Office during the 28th year after the film's release or publication. However, in 1993, Republic Pictures utilized the 1990 United States Supreme Court ruling in Stewart v. Abend to enforce its claim of copyright because the film was a derivative work of a short story that was under a separate, existing copyright, to which Republic owned the film adaptation rights, effectively regaining control of the work in its complete form. Currently, Paramount Pictures owns the film's copyrightable elements. Charles Chaplin re-edited and scored his 1925 film The Gold

This is a document about Frank Capra bibliography
 It's a Wonderful Life

This is a document about The Greatest Gift
  illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. Stern also sold it to Reader's Scope magazine, which published the story in its December 1944 issue, and to the magazine Good Housekeeping, which published it under the title The Man Who Was Never Born in its January 1945 issue (published in December 1944). According to the American Film Institute and Turner Classic Movies, Stern did not copyright the story until 1945, when he sold the film rights. Stern renewed the copyright in 1971, the 28th year after the publication of the original December 1943 booklets. Republic Pictures has used the belated copyright on the original story to enforce an indirect copyright on It's a Wonderful Life, which itself lapsed into the public domain in 1975.

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
  In 1993, due in part to the confusion of the ownership and copyright issues, Kinesoft Development, with the support of Republic Pictures, released It's a Wonderful Life as one of the first commercial feature-length films on CD-ROM for the Windows PC (Windows 3.1). Antedating commercial DVDs by several years, it included such features as the ability to follow along with the complete shooting script as the film was playing. Given the state of video playback on the PC at the time of its release, It's a Wonderful Life for Windows represented another milestone, as the longest-running video on a computer. Prior to its release, Windows could only play back about 32,000 frames of video, or about 35 minutes at 15 frames per second. Working with Microsoft, Kinesoft was able to enhance the video features of Windows to allow for the complete playback of the entire film—all of this on a PC with a 486SX processor and 8 MB of RAM. Computer Gaming World said in April 1994, "The picture quality still has a way to go before it reaches television standards", but was "a noble effort" that would "please fans of the film".

This is a document about Liberty Films
 It's A Wonderful Life (1946) ; State of the Union (1948)

This is a document about A Wonderful Life (musical)
  Harnick and Raposo worked for many years to put together a musical version of It's a Wonderful Life, but just as the musical's book was completed, a controversy arose over the rights to the underlying Stern story that delayed production of the show. During this delay, Raposo died of cancer in 1989. A Wonderful Life was performed initially at the University of Michigan in 1986. The first professional production took place at the Wagon Wheel Playhouse in Warsaw, Indiana, in 1988, followed by a staged reading at the Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey, in 1990. It was produced at Washington, DC's Arena Stage, running from November 15, 1991, to January 5, 1992. On December 12, 2005, a staged concert version was directed by Carl Andress and choreographed by Denis Jones at the Shubert Theatre in New York City for the benefit of the Actors' Fund

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
  that "the censors never noticed that the villainous Mr. Potter gets away with robbery without being caught or punished in any way". In 1990, It's a Wonderful Life was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry. In 2002, Channel 4 in the United Kingdom ranked It's a Wonderful Life as the seventh-greatest film ever made in its poll "The 100 Greatest Films". The network airs the film to British viewers annually on Christmas Eve. In June 2008, AFI revealed its 10 Top 10, the best 10 films in 10 "classic" American film genres,

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
  It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift, which Philip Van Doren Stern self-published in 1943 and is in turn loosely based on the 1843 Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol. The film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his personal dreams, in order to help others in his community, and whose suicide attempt on Christmas Eve brings about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody (Henry Travers). Clarence shows George how he has touched the lives of others and how different life would be for his wife Mary and

This is a document about Jessica Harper
 A Wonderful Life (1994)

This is a document about December 1946
 Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life, with Jimmy Stewart returning to film after completing his World War II service, was released in New York. Despite its Christmas setting, it was not released generally until January 7, and was a money loser in its theatrical release.  A failure to renew the copyright in 1974 led to the film being run frequently on television afterward, turning it into one of the most popular Christmas films ever. ; A team of American cryptanalysts,  led by Meredith Gardner, decoded a secret cable that had been sent in 1944 to Moscow, and found it contained a list of scientists working on the Manhattan Project, the first of many disclosures that there had been a Soviet espionage operating along atomic bomb researchers at Los Alamos. ; British Prime Minister Clement Attlee announced to

This is a document about Republic Pictures
  Home Entertainment was renamed Republic Pictures Home Video and began remarketing the original Republic's film library. In 1985, the company bought out Blackhawk Films, and eventually Republic decided to close Blackhawk in 1987. In 1993, this new Republic won a landmark legal decision reactivating the copyright on Frank Capra's 1946 RKO film It's a Wonderful Life (under NTA, it had already acquired the film's negative, music score, and the story on which it was based, "The Greatest Gift"). On April 27, 1994, Spelling Entertainment, headed by Aaron Spelling and controlled by Blockbuster Entertainment, acquired the Republic Pictures library; soon after, Blockbuster's established home video unit, Worldvision Home Video,

This is a document about A Wonderful Life (musical)
  A Wonderful Life is a 1986 musical with a book and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick and music by Joe Raposo. Based on the classic 1946 Frank Capra film It's a Wonderful Life starring James Stewart, the story closely follows the original plot, set in 1945, telling the story of a suicidal man whose guardian angel reveals to him how different the world and everyone whose life he has touched would be if he'd never been born. The film was based on the 1943 short booklet by Philip Van Doren Stern, The Greatest Gift.

This is a document about It's a Wonderful Life
  at the box office for RKO. On May 26, 1947, the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a memo stating, "With regard to the picture 'It's a Wonderful Life', [redacted] stated in substance that the film represented rather obvious attempts to discredit bankers by casting Lionel Barrymore as a 'scrooge-type' so that he would be the most hated man in the picture. This, according to these sources, is a common trick used by Communists. [In] addition, [redacted] stated that, in his opinion, this picture deliberately maligned the upper class, attempting to show the people who had money were mean and despicable characters." Film historian Andrew Sarris points out as

This is a document about Pete Rock production discography
 Wonderful Life

This is a document about Samuel J. Briskin
  discharged from the army, and produce one film per year for the studio. In August, Briskin negotiated a deal with RKO Studios for Liberty Pictures to film 9 movies at the RKO studio, and in September Wyler announced that the company would produce 3 films a year for their deal with RKO. Before the end of the year George Stevens had also become a part owner in the venture. The company announced in November 1945 that its first production would be James Stewart in It's a Wonderful Life, produced and directed by Capra. In Spring 1946 it was announced that Liberty would be getting a fifth

This is a document about The Day of the Wolves
  secured between January 1, 1964, and December 31, 1977 (these will not show up in online searches unless the author has requested a copy of the renewal). Both the title/theme and score are also registered with BMI for live performance royalties management and SoundExchange to collect royalties for Internet performance rights. In 2009, Ferde Grofe (as Balut Productions) successfully applied to the US copyright office to register copyright control over the film on the basis of it being a derivative work of a work still under copyright, based on the same Stewart v. Abend supreme court ruling used to bring It's a Wonderful Life back under copyright

"It's a Wonderful Life" was released on December 20, 1946.


Question: who played meredith quill in guardians of the galaxy

Answer: Laura Jane Haddock

This is a document about Laura Haddock
 Laura Haddock Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying Kacie Carter in "Honest", Lucrezia in "Da Vinci's Demons", Meredith Quill in "Guardians of the Galaxy" and its sequel "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2", Alison in "The Inbetweeners Movie" and Viviane Wembly in "". Born in Enfield, London and raised in Harpenden, Hertfordshire (where she attended St George's School), She left school at the age of 17 and moved to London to study drama. She trained at Arts Educational School in Chiswick. Haddock made her television debut in the television

This is a document about List of Marvel Comics characters: Q
 Meredith Quill appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy TV series, voiced by Cree Summer (in "Origins") and Vanessa Marshall (in later appearances). Just as in the comics, Meredith had a relationship with J'son, who fathered Peter, although her death was the same as Laura Haddock's character in the film.

This is a document about List of Marvel Comics characters: Q
 Meredith Quill appears in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy, portrayed by Laura Haddock. Dying of terminal cancer, she gives Peter Quill a mixtape before passing, all the while declaring that Peter's father was "an angel made of pure light". ; Laura Haddock reprises her role in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, appearing in the prologue. This film reveals that Peter's father is Ego, rather than J'son. It is later revealed that Ego visited her multiple times, and in their last meeting secretly gave her the tumor which caused her death. Star-Lord and the rest of the Guardians of the Galaxy avenge her death by foiling Ego's plan of universal genocide.

This is a document about List of Marvel Comics characters: Q
 Meredith Quill appears in Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series, voiced by Courtenay Taylor. A flashback to Peter's last days with his mother shows Meredith having Peter promise not to use his fists if he confronts a bully. Following her death, it is revealed that she had a previous encounter with Yondu, who took Peter in on her advice. A vision of her appears following Star-Lord's apparent death, where the Eternity Forge revives him. In episode 5, following Hala the Accuser's defeat, the player has the option to either have Mantis allow Star-Lord to make contact with his mother's spirit or to use the remaining energies of the Eternity Forge to revive her.

This is a document about Laura Haddock
  Laura Jane Haddock (born 21 August 1985) is an English actress. She is known for portraying Kacie Carter in Honest, Lucrezia in Da Vinci's Demons, Meredith Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy and its sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Alison in The Inbetweeners Movie and Viviane Wembly in Transformers: The Last Knight.

This is a document about Captain America: The First Avenger
  of Captain America. Jeff Goldblum had originally been approached to play the part; he later played Grandmaster in Thor: Ragnarok. David Bradley appears as the church keeper where the Tesseract is held. Natalie Dormer portrays Lorraine, a private who attempts to seduce Rogers, and Jenna Coleman appears as Connie, Bucky's date at the World Expo. Laura Haddock, who would go on to portray Meredith Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy, has a brief appearance as an autograph seeker. Writer and director of Guardians of the Galaxy James Gunn jokingly claimed that this was Peter Quill's grandmother. Stan Lee has a cameo appearance as a general.

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
  Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the 10th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, the film features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldaña, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, and Bradley Cooper as the titular Guardians, along with Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In the film, Peter Quill and a group of extraterrestrial criminals go on the run after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  of Stakar and Yondu's old team, based on the comic's original incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy, include Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, and Michelle Yeoh as Aleta Ogord. Also included in the team are the CG characters Krugarr and Mainframe, with the latter voiced, in an uncredited cameo, by Miley Cyrus. Rosenbaum had previously auditioned to play Peter Quill in Vol. 1. Gunn cast Yeoh because of his love of 1990s Hong Kong films, and Cyrus after admiring "the tone of her voice" while watching her as a coach on The Voice. He added that the team

This is a document about Karen Gillan
  Karen Sheila Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress and filmmaker. Gillan gained recognition for her work in British film and television, particularly for playing Amy Pond, a primary companion to the Eleventh Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2010–2013), for which she received several awards and nominations. Her early film roles include Ally in the thriller film Outcast (2010) and Jane Lockhart in the romantic comedy film Not Another Happy Ending (2013). She made her transition to Hollywood starring as Kaylie Russell in the horror film Oculus (2013), her first commercial success in the United States, and thereafter played the lead in the sitcom Selfie (2014). Gillan subsequently achieved international stardom for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and the 15th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldaña, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell. In Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The

This is a document about Glenn Close
  Pam MacKinnon's revival of Edward Albee's A Delicate Balance at the John Golden Theatre. Her co-stars were John Lithgow as Tobias, Martha Plimpton as Julia and Lindsay Duncan as Claire. The production grossed $884,596 over eight preview performances during the week ending October 25, setting a new house record at the Golden Theatre. The production received mixed reviews, although the cast was praised. After her television series Damages ended, Close returned to film in 2014, in which she played Nova Prime Rael in the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy, directed by James Gunn. She also appeared in the

This is a document about Laura Haddock
  daughter of an illegal arms dealer. She starred as Lucrezia Donati, the mistress of Lorenzo de' Medici and lover of Leonardo da Vinci in the 2013 series Da Vinci's Demons. Haddock's theatre credits include Famous Last, which formed part of the 2009 Sky Arts Theatre Live! project, and Rutherford & Son at Northern Stage. In 2014, she portrayed Meredith Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy, a role she reprised in its 2017 sequel Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. She appears in the ITV series, The Level, and played Vivian Wembley in the Michael Bay film Transformers: The Last Knight, which was released on 21 June 2017. In 2021, Haddock starred in a Christmas marketing campaign for British furniture and home accessories retailer OKA.

This is a document about Eri Miyajima
  ; Casper (2004 DVD edition) (Kathleen "Kat" Harvey (Christina Ricci)) ; Chicago Med (Dr. Natalie Manning (Torrey DeVitto)) ; Coffee Prince (Han Yoo-joo (Chae Jung-an)) ; Cold Comes the Night (Chloe (Alice Eve)) ; The Curse of La Llorona (Anna Tate-Garcia (Linda Cardellini)) ; Dark Phoenix (Elaine Grey (Hannah Anderson)) ; Designated Survivor (First Lady Alex Kirkman (Natascha McElhone)) ; Elysium (Frey Santiago (Alice Braga)) ; First Daughter (Samantha MacKenzie (Katie Holmes)) ; Four Christmases (Kate (Reese Witherspoon)) ; Gentlemen Broncos (Tabatha Jenkins (Halley Feiffer)) ; Get Smart's Bruce and Lloyd: Out of Control (Isabella (Marika Domińczyk)) ; Good People (Anna Wright (Kate Hudson)) ; Guardians of the Galaxy (Meredith Quill (Laura Haddock)) ; Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Meredith Quill (Laura Haddock))

This is a document about Karen Gillan
  on 7 November 2014 after seven episodes; the remaining six episodes were made available on Hulu starting 25 November 2014. In May 2013, Gillan was cast as Nebula in the Marvel superhero science fiction film Guardians of the Galaxy, which was released in August 2014. Gillan had her head shaved bald for the role, which Marvel turned into the wig that Gillan wore during the production of Selfie. In May 2014, Gillan was cast in the Western film In a Valley of Violence directed by Ti West, opposite John Travolta, Ethan Hawke and Taissa Farmiga. Gillan portrayed Ellen, the older sister to Farmiga's character. In 2015, Gillan

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series
  leaving. The next morning, they wake up to find that they are in debt of a large bar tab, causing Peter to sell Thanos' body to either the Collector or the Nova Corps. Peter also considers handing over the Eternity Forge, but retains it after witnessing a flashback with his mother Meredith (Courtenay Taylor). After handing the body over, the Guardians are attacked by Kree forces led by Hala the Accuser (Faye Kingslee), who steals the Eternity Forge. Peter chases after her with either Drax (Brandon Paul Elis) or Gamora (Emily O'Brien) and learns that Hala intends to resurrect the

This is a document about The Witcher: Nightmare of the Wolf
 Meredith Layne - Casting and Voice Director

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  to come to terms with the death of his own father. Wyatt Oleff once again portrays a young Quill. ; Zoe Saldaña as Gamora: A member of the Guardians and an orphan from an alien world who seeks redemption for her past crimes. She was trained by Thanos to be his personal assassin. Saldaña described Gamora's role in the team as "the voice of reason", saying, "She's surrounded by all these dudes who are so stupid half the time," and added that she is the "Mom" of the team, saying that she is "just a meticulous, detailed, professional individual." Regarding Gamora's relationship with

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
  months. Pratt signed a multi-film contract with Marvel, and was granted a temporary leave from his work on Parks and Recreation to accommodate his participation in the film. Wyatt Oleff portrays a young Quill. An orphan from an alien world who seeks redemption for her past crimes. She was trained by Thanos to be his personal assassin. Saldaña said that she became Gamora through make-up rather than computer-generated imagery (CGI) or performance capture. On taking the role, Saldaña said, "I was just excited to be asked to join by James Gunn and to also play someone green. I've been blue before

This is a document about Avengers: Infinity War
  Pom Klementieff as Mantis: A member of the Guardians of the Galaxy with empathic powers. ; Karen Gillan as Nebula: An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as siblings. ; Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer: Zoe Saldaña as Gamora: A member of the Guardians who is an orphan from an alien world and was subsequently raised by Thanos, and is seeking redemption for her past crimes. Ariana Greenblatt portrays a young Gamora. ; Vin Diesel as Groot: Bradley Cooper as Rocket: Gwyneth Paltrow as Virginia "Pepper" Potts: Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector: One of

Laura Haddock played Meredith Quill in the "Guardians of the Galaxy" films.


Question: who wrote the hymn when peace like a river

Answer: Horatio Spafford

This is a document about It Is Well with My Soul
 It Is Well with My Soul "It Is Well With My Soul" is a hymn penned by hymnist Horatio Spafford and composed by Philip Bliss. First published in "Gospel Songs No. 2" by Ira Sankey and Bliss (1876), it is possibly the most influential and enduring in the Bliss repertoire and is often taken as a choral model, appearing in hymnals of a wide variety of Christian fellowships. This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford's life. The first was the death of his son at the age of two and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which ruined

This is a document about Shall We Gather at the River?
  "Shall We Gather at the River?" or simply "At the River" are the popular names for the traditional Christian hymn originally titled "Beautiful River" and subsequently titled "Hanson Place," written by American poet and gospel music composer Robert Lowry (1826–1899). It was written in 1864 and is now in the public domain. The title "Hanson Place" is a reference to the original Hanson Place Baptist Church in Brooklyn, where Lowry, as a Baptist minister, sometimes served. The original building now houses a different denomination. The music is in the key of D and uses an 8.7.8.7 R meter. An arrangement was also composed by Charles Ives, and a later arrangement is included in Aaron Copland's Old American Songs (1952) in addition to being used by American wind band composer David Maslanka in his Symphony No. 9 (2011). The song was sung live at the 1980 funeral of American Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas. There have been many recordings of the hymn including those by Patti Page, Burl Ives and Willie Nelson.

This is a document about The Water Is Wide (song)
  lyrics to "The Water is Wide", which are often performed by church choirs. Mack Wilberg has arranged the tune to "Thou Gracious God" by Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., which the Mormon Tabernacle Choir performs in the album Peace Like a River. Because the melody is consistent with the words of Adon Olam, a prayer closing most modern Jewish services, Susan Colin performed a version with an also-revised prayer. One congregation's choir performed it with the standard Hebrew prayer. One instrumental version is consistent with the stanzas of the prayer. Oregon has a jazz version of this on their 30th studio album, Lantern.

This is a document about Peace Like a River
  Peace Like a River (2001) is a best-selling novel by Leif Enger, who took the title from the lyrics of the hymn "It Is Well with My Soul", which was performed at his wedding. Enger wrote the novel to amuse his family, taking story suggestions from his children and giving the lead character asthma to encourage one of his sons, who also has asthma.

This is a document about Peace Like a River (album)
 1) Sweet Peace ; Music: English Folk Song ; Text: David Warner ; Arrangement: Mack Wilberg ; 2:31 ; 1) Be Still, My Soul ; Music: Jean Sibelius ; Text: Katharina von Schlegel (trans. Jane Borthwick) ; Arrangement: Mack Wilberg ; 4:52 ; 1) Peace Like a River ; Music: African-American Spiritual ; Arrangement: Mack Wilberg ; 4:31 ; 1) All Things Bright and Beautiful ; Music: John Rutter ; Text: Mrs. C. F. Alexander ; 2:45 ; 1) The Lord Is My Shepherd ; Music: Thomas Koschat ; Text: James Montgomery ; Arrangement: Mack Wilberg ; 4:33 ; 1) This Is My Father's World ; Music: Trad. English Melody (adapt. Franklin L. Sheppard) ; Text:

This is a document about Marilyn Horne: Divas in Song
  Land des Lächelns: "Dein ist mein ganzes Herz" (Olafur Bjarnason, Warren Jones) 17 (3:05) Oklahoma!: "Oh, what a beautiful mornin'" (Helen Donath, Klaus Donath) 18 (3:37) Show Boat: "Ol' man river" (Samuel Ramey, James Levine) 19 (3:08) Cabaret Songs: "Amor" (Frederica von Stade, Martin Katz) 20 (3:19) Old American Songs, Set 2: "At the river" (Marilyn Horne, Martin Katz) 21 (1:24) "Happy birthday to you" (Olafur Bjarnason, Montserrat Caballé, Helen Donath, Renée Fleming, Samuel Ramey, Frederica von Stade, Ruth Ann Swenson, Martin Katz, Warren Jones) Benjamin Britten (1913-1976), with a text by Wystan Hugh Auden Franz Schubert (1797-1828), with

This is a document about Peace Like a River (album)
  Peace Like a River is a studio album released by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir and Orchestra at Temple Square. The album was released in 2004.

This is a document about Manie Payne Ferguson
  Manie Ferguson wrote many poems and hymns. The song for which she is still remembered is "Blessed Quietness" ("Joys are flowing like a river / Since the Comforter has come") (1897). Other hymns she wrote include: "That Man of Calvary" and "Christ in the Storm" (1904).

This is a document about Frances Ridley Havergal
  5 st. of 4 l., and Whiting's Hys. for the Church Catholic, 1882. ; 27) King Eternal and Immortal. (Occasion or theme: God Eternal.) Written at Perry Willa, Perry Barr, 11 February 1871, and published in Snepp's Songs of Grace and Glory, 1876; Under the Surface, 1874; and Life Mosaic, 1879. ; 28) Light after darkness, Gain after loss. (Occasion or theme: Peace in Jesus, and the Divine Reward.) In Sankey's Sac. Songs and Solos, from her Life Mosaic, 1879. ; 29) Like a river glorious, Is God's perfect Peace. (Occasion or theme: Peace.) In her Loyal Responses, 1878, in 3 st. of 8

This is a document about List of works by James G. Ellis
  O'Hara, music by Ellis (©1919, ©1946 Los Angeles); ; "I Shall Not Want" ("23rd Psalm"), music by Ellis (©1919); ; "God Is Love", words by DeWitt McMurray (1866–1940), music by Ellis (©1920); ; "Childlike", words by William P. McKenzie (1866–1942), music by Ellis (©1920) ; "Rejoice, My Son, Rejoice", words from psalms, music by Ellis (1920); ; "Fear Not", words by Mrs. E. Perkins, music by Ellis (©1920); ; "I Shall Not Want" ("23rd Psalm"), music by Ellis (©1920); ; "In Quiet Resting Places", music by Ellis (©1921) "Transfiguration," music by Ellis (©1927; copyright assigned in 1939 to Boston Music Company) (audio) ; Words for the first 1/3rd of the song is Matthew's account of Jesus' transfiguration on the mountain ; Words

This is a document about Horatio Spafford
   The original manuscript has only four verses, but Spafford's daughter, Bertha Spafford Vester, who was born after the tragedy, said a verse was later added and the last line of the original song was modified. The tune, written by Philip Bliss, was named after the ship on which Spafford's daughters died, Ville du Havre. When peace, like a river, attendeth my way, When sorrows like sea billows roll; Whatever my lot, Thou hast taught me to say, It is well, it is well with my soul. (Refrain:) It is well (it is well), with my soul (with my soul), It is well, it is well with my soul. Though Satan should buffet, though trials should come, Let this blest assurance control, That Christ hath regarded

This is a document about Hymns in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
  ; "O Happy Homes Among the Hills" ; "O Happy Home! O Blest Abode" ; "O'er the Gloomy Hills of Darkness" ; "Oh Give Me Back My Prophet Dear" (this song laments the deaths of Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum), written by John Taylor with music by George Careless ; "On the Mountain's Top Appearing" ; "One Sweetly Solemn Thought" ; "Rest, Rest for the Weary Soul" ; "Sacred the Place of Prayer and Song" by Evan Stephens ; "Shall We Meet Beyond the River" ; "Sister, Thou Wast Mild and Lovely" words by Samuel F. Smith ; "Stars of Morning, Shout for Joy" ; "Sweet

This is a document about The River (Elgar)
  The River is a song written by the English composer Edward Elgar in 1909 as his Op.60, No.2. On the title-page it is described as a "Folk-Song (Eastern Europe), paraphrased by Pietro d’Alba and Edward Elgar". It was one of a set of a cycle of four songs that he planned, to his own words. It was shortly after writing the song A Child Asleep for Muriel Foster, a few days before the Christmas of 1909 that Elgar received the news of the death of a friend the soprano Olga Ouroussoff, the young wife of Henry Wood. The inspiration for the songs was the result of this news. Only the first song of the cycle, The Torch and the last, The River were written. It was orchestrated in July 1912 and, with its companion song The Torch, it

This is a document about Dessoff Choirs
  Glories on Glories (1902), Psalm 90 (1924) ; Randall Thompson, The Last Words of David (1949) ; Henry Clay Work Marching Through Georgia/Battle Cry of Freedom (1865)/George F. Root (1862) ; Tenting on the Old Camp Ground - Walter Kittredge (1864) ; Oliver Holden, Ode on Music (1792) ; Andrew Law, 'Bunker Hill' (1786) ; J. H. Moss, Singing School (1865) ; Miss M. Durham, Promised Land (1854) ; Robert Lowry, Beautiful River (1864) ; William Walker, Saints Bound for Heaven (1884) ; John McCurry, Weeping Mary (1855) ; Anonymous, Hallelujah (Original Sacred Harp, 1844) ; A. Marcus Cagle, Soar Away (Original Sacred Harp, 1971)

This is a document about Thomas A. Dorsey
 Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, inducted 1979 ; Georgia Music Hall of Fame, inducted 1981 ; Gospel Hall of Fame, inducted 1982 ; Governor's Award for the Arts in Chicago, given 1985 ; National Trustees Award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, given 1992 ; National Recording Registry: sound recordings considered "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress ; "If I Could Hear My Mother Pray Again" (1934), added in 2007 – recorded by Dorsey, written by John Whitfield Vaughan in 1922 ; "Peace In The Valley" by Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys (1951), added in 2006 ; Precious Lord: New Recordings of the Great Songs of Thomas A. Dorsey by Various Artists (1973), added 2002 ; Blues Hall of Fame: Performer, inducted 2018 ; "It's Tight Like That": Classic of Blues Recording–Single or Album Track, inducted 2014 ; "Future Blues" by Willie Brown: Classic of Blues Recording–Single or Album Track, inducted 2020/2021 (based on "Last Minute Blues", written by Dorsey, recorded by Ma Rainey)

This is a document about Jordan River
  The Jordan is a frequent symbol in folk, gospel, and spiritual music, and in poetic and literary works. The baptism of Jesus is referred to in a hymn by the reformer Martin Luther, "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" (1541), base for a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7 (1724). The Jordan River, due primarily to its rich spiritual importance, has provided inspiration for countless songs, hymns, and stories, including the traditional African-American spiritual/folk songs "Michael Row the Boat Ashore", "Deep River", and "Roll, Jordan, Roll". It is mentioned in the songs "Eve of Destruction", "Will You Be There", and "The Wayfaring Stranger" and in "Ol' Man River" from the musical Show Boat. "The Far Side Banks of Jordan" by Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash on June's Grammy Award-winning studio album, Press On, mentions the Jordan River as well as the Promised Land. Jordan River is also the subject of roots reggae artist Burning Spear's song of the same title. Belarusian band Spasenie dedicated its whole album “Crossing the Jordan” to the topic.

This is a document about Thomas A. Dorsey
  Thomas Andrew Dorsey (July 1, 1899 – January 23, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and Christian evangelist influential in the development of early blues and 20th-century gospel music. He penned 3,000 songs, a third of them gospel, including "Take My Hand, Precious Lord" and "Peace in the Valley". Recordings of these sold millions of copies in both gospel and secular markets in the 20th century. Born in rural Georgia, Dorsey grew up in a religious family but gained most of his musical experience playing blues at barrelhouses and parties in Atlanta. He moved to Chicago and became a proficient composer and arranger of jazz and vaudeville just as blues

This is a document about Nearer, My God, to Thee
  The verse was written by the English poet and Unitarian hymn writer Sarah Flower Adams at her home "Sunnybank", in Loughton, Essex, England, in 1841. It was first set to music by Adams's sister, the composer Eliza Flower, for William Johnson Fox's collection Hymns and Anthems. In the United Kingdom, the hymn is usually associated with the 1861 hymn tune "Horbury" by John Bacchus Dykes, named for a village near Wakefield, England, where Dykes had found "peace and comfort". In the rest of the world, the hymn is usually sung to the 1856 tune "Bethany" by Lowell Mason. British Methodists prefer the tune "Propior Deo" (Nearer to

This is a document about Tell Taylor
 "Tommy: Tell Me True," lyrics by Taylor, music by Don Ramsay (né Donald Howard Lee Ramsay; 1877–) (©1904) "Down by the Old Mill Stream" assigned (©1931) ; "On The Banks of the Old Mill Stream," lyrics & music by Taylor (©1937) "Someday," lyrics & music by Taylor (©1908) ; "If Dreams Are True," lyrics & music by Taylor (©1909) ; "Flowers of Love," lyrics by Taylor, music by Earl Kelly Smith (1886–1954) (©1909) ; "Down by the Old Mill Stream" (©August 12, 1910), ; "When We Were Sweethearts," lyrics & music by Taylor (©1911) ; "Fare-Thee-Well," lyrics by Taylor, music by George Fairman (né George Wayne Fairman; 1881–1962) (©1911) ; "The Roses of Erin," lyrics by Taylor & C. F. McNamara, music by Earl

This is a document about The King's Singers
  – entitled "Songs of Faith and Hope". This set could be composed of American Spirituals, arranged by contemporary composers, including former group members Philip Lawson and Bob Chilcott. Pieces in this set could include "Simple Gifts", "Deep River", "Down to the River to Pray", and "Stand Still Jordan" as well as more spiritual pop songs such as "Some Folks Lives Roll Easy" by Paul Simon. More recently, however, the King's Singers have begun to perform "concept programmes" which have a set theme running throughout. These could be simply a 60-minute first-half sequence, often performed in European cathedral concerts, with a Mass or Requiem setting providing the backbone, interspersed with other shorter works,

The hymn "It Is Well with My Soul" was written by Horatio Gates Spafford with music by Philip Bliss in 1876.


Question: process of removing an element from stack is called

Answer: pop

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
 an item deeper in the stack may require taking off multiple other items first. Considered as a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection, the push and pop operations occur only at one end of the structure, referred to as the "top" of the stack. This makes it possible to implement a stack as a singly linked list and a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept an entity to be pushed, the stack is then considered

This is a document about Treiber Stack
 the ABA problem. When a process is about to remove an element from the stack (just before the compare and set in the pop routine below) another process can change the stack such that the head is the same, but the second element is different. The compare and swap will set the head of the stack to the old second element in the stack mixing up the complete data structure. However, the Java version on this page is not subject to this problem, because of the stronger guarantees offered by the Java runtime (it is impossible for a newly-created, unaliased

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
 three-element structure: The "push" operation adds an element and increments the "top" index, after checking for overflow: Similarly, "pop" decrements the "top" index after checking for underflow, and returns the item that was previously the top one: Using a dynamic array, it is possible to implement a stack that can grow or shrink as much as needed. The size of the stack is simply the size of the dynamic array, which is a very efficient implementation of a stack since adding items to or removing items from the end of a dynamic array requires amortized O(1) time. Another option for

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
 by the Australian Charles Leonard Hamblin in the first half of 1957. Stacks are often described by analogy to a spring-loaded stack of plates in a cafeteria. Clean plates are placed on top of the stack, pushing down any already there. When a plate is removed from the stack, the one below it pops up to become the new top. In many implementations, a stack has more operations than "push" and "pop". An example is "top of stack", or "peek", which observes the top-most element without removing it from the stack. Since this can be done with a "pop" and

This is a document about Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm
 colors c and d and invert the cd path can be done in formula_8 time. Finding w and rotating F' takes formula_9 time. Finding and removing the edge (u,v) can be done using a stack in constant time (pop the last element) and this stack can be populated in formula_7 time. Thus, each iteration of the loop takes formula_8 time, and the total running time is formula_12. Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produces uses

This is a document about Peek (data type operation)
 Peek (data type operation) In computer science, peek is an operation on certain abstract data types, specifically sequential collections such as stacks and queues, which returns the value of the top ("front") of the collection without removing the element from the collection. It thus returns the same value as operations such as "pop" or "dequeue", but does not modify the data. The name "peek" is similar to the basic "push" and "pop" operations on a stack, but the name for this operation varies depending on data type and language. Peek is generally considered an inessential operation, compared with the more

This is a document about Collection (abstract data type)
 it will be called a stack or LIFO. In both cases, data items are maintained within the collection in the same order (unless they are removed and re-inserted somewhere else) and so these are special cases of the list collection. Other specialized operations on lists include sorting, where, again, the order of data items is of great importance. A stack is a LIFO data structure with two principal operations: "push", which adds an element to the "top" of the collection, and "pop", which removes the top element. In a priority queue, the tracks of the minimum or maximum data item

This is a document about Nested word
 they only remove the top element from the stack when reading a return symbol formula_41 and they do not alter the stack when reading an internal event formula_42. A computation ending in an accepting state is an "accepting computation". As a result, a visibly pushdown automaton cannot push to and pop from the stack with the same input symbol. Thus the language formula_43 cannot be accepted by a visibly pushdown automaton for any partition of formula_44, however there are pushdown automata accepting this language. If a language formula_45 over a tagged alphabet formula_12 is accepted by a deterministic visibly pushdown

This is a document about Dc (computer program)
 surviving Unix language. When its home Bell Labs received a PDP-11, dc—written in B—was the first language to run on the new computer, even before an assembler. To multiply four and five in dc (note that most of the whitespace is optional): You can also get the result with the commands: or This translates into "push four and five onto the stack, then, with the multiplication operator, pop two elements from the stack, multiply them and push the result back on the stack." Then the 'p' command is used to examine (print out to the screen) the top element on

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
 Push, which adds an element to the collection, and ; Pop, which removes the most recently added element that was not yet removed. In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two main principal operations: The order in which elements come off a stack gives rise to its alternative name, LIFO (last in, first out). Additionally, a peek operation may give access to the top without modifying the stack. The name "stack" for this type of structure comes from the analogy to a set of physical items stacked on top of each other. This structure makes it easy to take an item off the top of the stack, while getting to an item deeper

This is a document about Stack-based memory allocation
  Stacks in computing architectures are regions of memory where data is added or removed in a last-in-first-out (LIFO) manner. In most modern computer systems, each thread has a reserved region of memory referred to as its stack. When a function executes, it may add some of its local state data to the top of the stack; when the function exits it is responsible for removing that data from the stack. At a minimum, a thread's stack is used to store the location of a return address provided by the caller in order to allow return statements to return to the correct location. The stack is often used to store variables of fixed length local to the currently active functions. Programmers may further choose to explicitly use the stack to store local data of variable length. If a region of memory lies on the thread's stack, that memory is said to have been allocated on the stack, i.e. stack-based memory allocation.

This is a document about Stack trace
  In computing, a stack trace (also called stack backtrace or stack traceback ) is a report of the active stack frames at a certain point in time during the execution of a program. When a program is run, memory is often dynamically allocated in two places; the stack and the heap. Memory is continuously allocated on a stack but not on a heap, thus reflective of their names. Stack also refers to a programming construct, thus to differentiate it, this stack is referred to as the program's function call stack. Technically, once a block of memory has been allocated on the stack, it cannot be easily removed as there can be other blocks of memory that were allocated before it. Each time a function is called

This is a document about Potential method
 Initialize - create an empty stack. ; Push - add a single element on top of the stack, enlarging the stack by 1. ; Pop(k) - remove k elements from the top of the stack, where k is no more than the current stack size Φ = number-of-elements-in-stack Consider a stack which supports the following operations: Pop(k) requires O(k) time, but we wish to show that all operations take O(1) amortized time. This structure may be analyzed using the potential function: This number is always non-negative, as required. A Push operation takes constant time and increases Φ by 1, so its amortized time is constant. A Pop operation takes time O(k) but also reduces Φ by k, so its amortized time is also constant. This proves that any sequence of m operations takes O(m) actual time in the worst case.

This is a document about Collection (abstract data type)
  A stack is a LIFO data structure with two principal operations: push, which adds an element to the "top" of the collection, and pop, which removes the top element.

This is a document about X86 calling conventions
  In these conventions, the caller cleans the arguments from the stack.

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
  In many implementations, a stack has more operations than the essential "push" and "pop" operations. An example of a non-essential operation is "top of stack", or "peek", which observes the top element without removing it from the stack. This could be done with a "pop" followed by a "push" to return the same data to the stack, so it is not considered an essential operation. If the stack is empty, an underflow condition will occur upon execution of either the "stack top" or "pop" operations. Additionally, many implementations provide a check if the stack is empty and one that returns its size.

This is a document about Glossary of computer science
  to adopt elements of one or more process models, such as incremental, waterfall, or evolutionary prototyping. stack: Is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two main principal operations: The order in which elements come off a stack gives rise to its alternative name, LIFO (last in, first out). Additionally, a peek operation may give access to the top without modifying the stack. The name "stack" for this type of structure comes from the analogy to a set of physical items stacked on top of each other. This structure makes it easy to take an item

This is a document about Call stack
  In computer science, a call stack is a stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program. This kind of stack is also known as an execution stack, program stack, control stack, run-time stack, or machine stack, and is often shortened to just "the stack". Although maintenance of the call stack is important for the proper functioning of most software, the details are normally hidden and automatic in high-level programming languages. Many computer instruction sets provide special instructions for manipulating stacks. A call stack is used for several related purposes, but the main reason for having one is to keep track of

This is a document about Stack (abstract data type)
  the stack may require taking off multiple other items first. Considered as a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection, the push and pop operations occur only at one end of the structure, referred to as the top of the stack. This data structure makes it possible to implement a stack as a singly linked list and a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept an entity to be pushed, the stack is then considered to be in an overflow state. The pop operation removes an item from the top of the stack. A stack is needed to implement depth-first search.

The process of removing an element from a stack is called "pop" or "top-off."


Question: what rank is higher than captain in the army

Answer: major

This is a document about Military rank
 officers. In the Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force, these pay grades correspond to the ranks of major (O-4), lieutenant colonel (O-5), and colonel (O-6), and in the Navy, lieutenant commander, commander, and captain. The highest four pay grades are reserved for general officers in the Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force, and flag officers in the Navy. The ranks associated with each pay grade are as follows: in the Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force, brigadier general (O-7), major general (O-8), lieutenant general (O-9), and general (O-10); in the Navy, rear admiral-lower half, rear admiral-upper half, vice admiral, and

This is a document about Regular Army (United States)
 state forces were known by the rank suffix "of volunteers"; if Regular Army, these officers were known by the rank suffix "USA". Thus, a state regiment colonel would be known as "colonel of volunteers" while a Regular Army captain would be known as "Captain, USA". Regular Army officers of the Civil War could accept commissions in volunteer forces and could also be granted brevet ranks (higher ranks than the permanent commission). In some cases, officers held as many as four ranks: a permanent rank (called "full rank") in the Regular Army, a full rank in the volunteers, and brevet ranks

This is a document about Lieutenant
 use army ranks, while many former Eastern-Bloc marine forces retain the naval form. Before 1999 the Royal Marines enjoyed the same rank structure as the army, but at a grade higher; thus a Royal Marine captain ranked with and was paid the same as a British Army major. This historical remnant caused increasing confusion in multi-national operations and was abolished. While some air forces use the army rank system, the British Royal Air Force and many other Commonwealth air forces use another rank system in which flight lieutenant ranks with an army captain and naval lieutenant, a flying officer ranks

This is a document about Argentine Army
 insignia for Volunteers 1st Class, 2nd Class and Commissioned 2nd Class is worn on the sleeves. Collar versions of the ranks are used in combat uniforms. The highest army rank in use is lieutenant-general. A higher army rank, captain-general, was awarded twice in the nineteenth century: to José de San Martín and to Bernardino Rivadavia. As a promotion to this rank is not foreseen, no insignia for the rank currently exists. The rank of "coronel mayor" (senior colonel) is an honorary distinction for colonels with long service in that rank, and can also be granted to colonels selected for promotion,

This is a document about Army of the United States
 standard practice that these officers held a "permanent rank" within the Regular Army as well as a higher "temporary rank" while serving in the Army of the United States. A typical situation might be a colonel in the AUS holding the permanent rank of captain in the Regular Army. Another term for rank held in the Army of the United States was "theater rank." Promotions within the Army of the United States were sometimes very rapid, and some officers were promoted as many as four to five times in the space of just three to four years. Dwight D. Eisenhower,

This is a document about Lieutenant general (Bangladesh)
 Lieutenant general (Bangladesh) Lieutenant general (abbreviated as Lt. Gen. and in contraction simply known as 'general') is a senior rank in the Bangladesh Army. It is the second-highest active rank of the Bangladesh Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general. It is also considered a 3 star rank. Till 2007 it was the highest rank in the Bangladesh Armed Forces as all chiefs of army staff held this rank and navy and air chiefs were of two-star ranks. Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general.

This is a document about General of the Army (Spain)
 NATO This is the highest rank that a military can reach, because the next higher is Captain General and that rank is only reserved to the King or Queen as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces (even that sometimes has been given as honorary rank to some generals). The General of the Army insignia consist in a baton crossed over a saber under a Royal Crown and a star in every angles that form the crossed baton and the saber. Being under a Crown means that the rank is part of the generalship (the group of generals of the Armed Forces),

This is a document about Lieutenant general (Australia)
 Lieutenant general (Australia) Lieutenant general (abbreviated LTGEN and pronounced 'Lef-tenant General') is the second-highest active rank of the Australian Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of lieutenant general. It is also considered a three-star rank. The rank of lieutenant general is held by the Chief of Army. The rank is also held when an army officer is the Vice Chief of the Defence Force, the Chief of Joint Operations, or the Chief of Capability Development. Lieutenant general is a higher rank than major general, but lower than general. Lieutenant general is the equivalent

This is a document about Knight banneret
 these was "banneret", equivalent to an Army colonel or a Navy captain. Knight banneret A knight banneret, sometimes known simply as banneret, was a medieval knight ("a commoner of rank") who led a company of troops during time of war under his own banner (which was square-shaped, in contrast to the tapering standard or the pennon flown by the lower-ranking knights) and was eligible to bear supporters in English heraldry. The military rank of a knight banneret was higher than a knight bachelor (who fought under another's banner), but lower than an earl or duke; the word derives from the

This is a document about Manfred von Richthofen
 formally promoted. In the German army, it was not unusual for a wartime officer to hold a lower rank than his duties implied; German officers were promoted according to a schedule and not by battlefield promotion. For instance, Erwin Rommel commanded an infantry battalion as a captain in 1917 and 1918. It was also the custom for a son not to hold a higher rank than his father, and Richthofen's father was a reserve major. Richthofen sustained a serious head wound on 6 July 1917, during combat near Wervicq against a formation of F.E.2d two seat fighters of No. 20

This is a document about Leatherneck Raiders
 3rd and 4th issues had the Raiders come across Baron Strucker and HYDRA on a Pacific Island. Savage, now shown in a Marine Corps uniform bearing both Captain's bars and what appear to be First Sergeant stripes, appeared in "Fall of the Hulks: Gamma" at the funeral of General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross. He mentions that he was once a "lowly 'captain'", even though that Naval rank is much higher than either of the contradictory ranks shown on his uniform. Aside from Captain Savage, the team consisted of: Australian character Rolfe Harrison appeared in a couple issues with the Raiders but

This is a document about Field marshal (Serbia and Yugoslavia)
 existing Law on Organization of the Army from 1886 included eight military ranks. Sub-lieutenant, Lieutenant, Captain II class, Captain I class and they were lower officer ranks, while major, lieutenant colonel, colonel and general where were higher officer ranks. At this time new ranks where intronduced warrant officer and army general that was honorary rank. In December 1898, King Alexander I has signed a decree and authorized the then minister of defense to submit it for approval to the assembly. The new command is related to the increase in salaries lower-ranking officers and generals grading rank within: Brigade, Divisional and

This is a document about General (Australia)
 General (Australia) General (abbreviated GEN) is the second-highest rank, and the highest active rank, of the Australian Army and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of general; it is also considered a four-star rank. Prior to 1958, generals (and field marshals) were only appointed in exceptional circumstances. In 1958, the position which is currently called Chief of the Defence Force was created, and since 1966, the rank of general has been held when an army officer is appointed to that position. General is a higher rank than lieutenant general, but is lower than field marshal.

This is a document about Major general (Australia)
 Major general (Australia) Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent. Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air

This is a document about Army of the United States
 grade. This possibility could result in situations in which an Army National Guard captain could be called to active duty and accept a commission as a Regular Army major, then be promoted in the AUS, holding a "temporary", active duty commission at a higher rank, and then could retire after 20 or more years of active duty as a lieutenant colonel or colonel, while actually only having met the time-in-grade requirements (and passed the promotion board selection screening process) for the "permanent", Regular Army rank of major. There is no equivalent to the Army of the United States in either

This is a document about Divisional general
 be translated as "divisional general". In the Royal Serbian Army there was a proposition in 1898 by HM King Alexander I to introduce the rank of divisional general (Дивизијски ђенерал) along with Brigadier general and Corps general, but this was ultimately refused and only Army general was introduced. This rank was later replaced with Voyvoda. The newly created Royal Yugoslav Army introduced the rank of Divisional general in 1923, as the second general rank, higher than Brigadier general but lower than Army general. This rank was also used during WWII by the Yugoslav Home Army known as Chetniks. Most notable

This is a document about United States Army enlisted rank insignia
 to have that rank. In a battalion or larger unit, the senior NCO is a sergeant major. The rank of sergeant major is usually carried by the senior NCO of the S-3 staff section in a battalion, regiment, or a brigade, and in most staff sections in larger units. The command sergeant major fills an advisory function, assisting the commander of a battalion, regiment, brigade, or higher formation in personnel matters. The Sergeant Major of the Army has a similar role assisting the Army Chief of Staff. In terms of command, the rank of a person typically determines what job

This is a document about Staff captain
 Staff captain Staff captain is the English translation of a number of military ranks: In the Czechoslovak Army, until 1953, Staff Captain (, ) was a senior captain rank, ranking between Captain and Major. The rank of staff captain () was adopted from the Russian Imperial Army and used briefly by the Estonian military right before the German occupation of Estonia during World War I. During the occupation, it was replaced with the rank of captain. The rank of Staff Captain () was used by the Irish Republican Army during the Irish revolutionary period (1917–23). Staff captain ("Stabskapitän", also: "Stabshauptmann")

This is a document about Staff captain
 Hauptmann and therefore equal to Captain rank in other NATO armies. To express the seniority of Stabshauptmann, "OF-2a" or other modifications of the official NATO rank code are in use unofficially. A similar rank outside the German Bundeswehr is the "primo capitano" (First Captain) in the Italian military. Staff captain Staff captain is the English translation of a number of military ranks: In the Czechoslovak Army, until 1953, Staff Captain (, ) was a senior captain rank, ranking between Captain and Major. The rank of staff captain () was adopted from the Russian Imperial Army and used briefly by the

This is a document about Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)
 Captain (British Army and Royal Marines) Captain (Capt) is a junior officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines and in both services it ranks above lieutenant and below major with a NATO ranking code of OF-2. The rank is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy and to a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. The rank of captain in the Royal Navy is considerably more senior (equivalent to the Army/RM rank of colonel) and the two ranks should not be confused. In the 21st-century British Army, captains are often appointed to be second-in-command of a

The rank higher than captain in the army is major.


Question: who played john paul getty in all the money in the world

Answer: Christopher Plummer

This is a document about All the Money in the World
 for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, along with similar recognition from the Golden Globes, BAFTAs and others. The film itself received positive reviews with critics praising the performances, and received three nominations at the 75th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Director and Best Actress – Drama for Williams. In 1973, 16-year-old John Paul Getty III (Charlie Plummer) (AKA Paul), grandson of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty (Christopher Plummer) who was at that time the world's richest private citizen, is kidnapped in Rome by an organized crime ring. The kidnappers demand a ransom of $17 million. Flashbacks show that

This is a document about Andrew Buchan
 Fforde's fantasy novel "The Last Dragonslayer" premiered on Sky, featuring Buchan in the role of wizard, The Great Zambini. Christmas Day 2017 saw the high-profile release of Ridley Scott’s "All the Money in the World" -the story of the kidnap of John Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire John Paul Getty. Andrew played John Paul Getty II, father of the kidnapped boy, son of JPG and husband to Gail Getty, played by Michelle Williams. Some of Andrew’s scenes had been re-shot when Christopher Plummer replaced the disgraced Kevin Spacey as JPG just one month earlier. In February 2018 Andrew was

This is a document about All the Money in the World
 All the Money in the World All the Money in the World is a 2017 crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Scarpa, based on John Pearson's 1995 book "Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty". The film stars Michelle Williams, Christopher Plummer, Mark Wahlberg, and Romain Duris. The film depicts J. Paul Getty's refusal to cooperate with the extortion demands of a group of kidnappers from the organized crime Mafia group 'Ndrangheta, who abducted his grandson John Paul Getty III in 1973. Principal photography took place from March

This is a document about All the Money in the World
 body and intensity of her voice, Williams conveys not just the terror of losing a son but the tragic absurdity of bearing the illustrious name Getty when family ties confer zero power." All the Money in the World All the Money in the World is a 2017 crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Scarpa, based on John Pearson's 1995 book "Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty". The film stars Michelle Williams, Christopher Plummer, Mark Wahlberg, and Romain Duris. The film depicts J. Paul Getty's refusal to cooperate

This is a document about J. Paul Getty
 6, 1976, in Sutton Place near Guildford, Surrey, England. He was buried in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County, California at the Getty Villa. The gravesite is not open to the public. The 2017 film "All the Money in the World"directed by Ridley Scott and adapted from the book "Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty" by John Pearsonis a dramatisation of the abduction of Getty's grandson. Kevin Spacey originally portrayed Getty. However, after multiple sexual assault allegations against the actor, his scenes were cut and re-shot with Christopher Plummer, who was nominated for

This is a document about Charlie Plummer
 May 5, 2017 and received mixed reviews. He played the kidnapped heir John Paul Getty III in Ridley Scott's crime thriller "All the Money in the World", alongside Michelle Williams, Christopher Plummer (no relation), and Mark Wahlberg. The film was released on December 25, 2017 and received positive reviews. The same year, Plummer portrayed the troubled teenager Charley who finds solace and purpose in his friendship with the titular racehorse in Andrew Haigh's drama "Lean on Pete". The actor felt a deep desire to play the role after connecting strongly with the story, which spurred him to send a letter

This is a document about Ridley Scott
 May to August 2017, Scott filmed "All the Money in the World," a drama about the kidnapping of John Paul Getty III, starring Mark Wahlberg and Michelle Williams. Kevin Spacey originally portrayed Getty Sr. However, after multiple sexual assault allegations against the actor, Scott made the decision to replace him with Christopher Plummer, saying "You can't condone that kind of behaviour in any shape or form. We cannot let one person's action affect the good work of all these other people. It's that simple." Scott began re-shooting Spacey's scenes with Plummer on 20 November, which included filming at Elveden Hall

This is a document about All the Money in the World
 to August 2017. Kevin Spacey originally portrayed J. Paul Getty, appearing in the film's initial marketing campaign. However, after multiple sexual misconduct allegations were leveled against Spacey, the role was recast with Plummer. Scenes were reshot just a month prior to the film's release. "All the Money in the World" premiered at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills on December 18, 2017, followed by a United States theatrical release via TriStar Pictures on December 25, 2017; it grossed $57 million against its $50 million budget. For his performance as Getty, Christopher Plummer received acclaim from critics and was nominated

This is a document about Kevin Spacey
 Drugs. He next starred in the comedy film "Nine Lives", as a man trapped in the body of a cat. The film was released on August 5, 2016. In March 2017, it was announced that Spacey would portray J. Paul Getty in Ridley Scott's "All the Money in the World". He shot his role in the film in 10 days over the summer of 2017. However, due to the sexual assault allegations against Spacey, the company announced on November 8, 2017 that all of his footage would be excised, and Christopher Plummer would replace Spacey as Getty in re-shoots. In

This is a document about Kevin Spacey
 set to be distributed by Netflix, but was canceled, and Netflix went on to sever all ties with him. Spacey was due to appear in Ridley Scott's biographical film "All the Money in the World" as industrialist J. Paul Getty; however, his scenes were cut and Christopher Plummer replaced him as Getty in reshoots. The International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences reversed its decision to honor Spacey with the 2017 International Emmy Founders Award. On November 1, 2017, Spacey stated that he would be seeking "evaluation and treatment" for his behavior. The following day, "Variety" reported that his publicist

This is a document about Kevin Spacey
 Scott's film "All the Money in the World" (2017) as J. Paul Getty; however, all his scenes were reshot with actor Christopher Plummer replacing him in the role. The next year, Spacey appeared in "Billionaire Boys Club" with his role unchanged. Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to Kathleen Ann ("née" Knutson), a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler, a technical writer and data consultant. He has an older brother, Randy Fowler, who is a limousine driver and Rod Stewart impersonator in Boise, Idaho, and a sister, Julie Ann Fowler Keir, an office worker. His family relocated to southern

This is a document about Christopher Plummer
 Christopher Plummer Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer (born December 13, 1929) is a Canadian actor, whose career has spanned six decades, beginning with his film debut in "Stage Struck" (1958). He is known for portraying Captain Georg von Trapp in "The Sound of Music" (1965), and has portrayed numerous major historical figures, including Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in "Waterloo" (1970), Rudyard Kipling in "The Man Who Would Be King" (1975), Mike Wallace in "The Insider" (1999), Leo Tolstoy in "The Last Station" (2009), Kaiser Wilhelm II in "The Exception" (2016), and J. Paul Getty in "All the Money in

This is a document about J. Paul Getty
  Christopher Plummer portrayed Getty in the 2017 film All the Money in the World, which dramatizes the kidnapping of his grandson. Getty was originally portrayed by Kevin Spacey, but after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Spacey ahead of the film's premiere, Plummer was cast to re-film his scenes. For his performance, Plummer received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. The kidnapping is also dramatized in the first season of the American anthology drama series Trust, where Getty is portrayed by Donald Sutherland.

This is a document about Kevin Spacey
  In March 2017, it was announced that Spacey would portray J. Paul Getty in Ridley Scott's All the Money in the World. He shot his role in the film in ten days over the summer of 2017. However, due to the sexual assault allegations against Spacey, it was announced on November 8, 2017 that all of his footage would be excised, and that Christopher Plummer would replace Spacey as Getty in reshoots. In spite of the very tight schedule, TriStar Pictures completed the new version of the film in time for a December 25 release. Spacey appeared in the film Billionaire Boys Club, which had a limited release on August 17, 2018. Vertical Entertainment stated that they would be taking no action to remove Spacey from the film, as it had been completed in late 2016, prior to the allegations made in October 2017.

This is a document about John Paul Getty III
  A. J. Quinnell used Getty's kidnapping as one piece of inspiration for his book Man on Fire. The 1995 book Painfully Rich: the Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty by John Pearson includes significant content on Getty's kidnapping ordeal. The book was adapted to the 2017 film All the Money in the World, directed by Ridley Scott. In the film, J. Paul Getty is played by Christopher Plummer and John Paul Getty III is played by Charlie Plummer (no relation) as an adult, and Charlie Shotwell at age 7. The story of the kidnapping was also adapted into the 2018 television series Trust, produced by Simon Beaufoy and Danny Boyle, with Harris Dickinson as John Paul Getty III.

This is a document about All the Money in the World
  All the Money in the World is a 2017 crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Scarpa. Based on John Pearson's 1995 book Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty, it depicts the events surrounding the 1973 kidnapping of John Paul Getty III and the refusal of his grandfather, the multi-billionaire oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, to cooperate with the kidnappers' extortion demands. The film stars Michelle Williams as Getty III's mother, Christopher Plummer as Getty, and Mark Wahlberg as an adviser of the Getty family. Principal photography began in March 2017 and was completed in August 2017 for a December

This is a document about All the Money in the World
  2017, release. However, two months before the scheduled premiere, sexual misconduct allegations were made against Kevin Spacey, who originally portrayed Getty. By November, Plummer had replaced Spacey and 22 scenes were reshot within eight days, one month prior to the rearranged release date at Christmas. All the Money in the World premiered at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills on December 18, 2017, followed by a United States theatrical release by TriStar Pictures on December 25, 2017. It received positive reviews, with praise for the performances, and grossed $57 million against a $50 million budget. Plummer received particular acclaim as Getty, earning him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

This is a document about Christopher Plummer
  original choice to play J. Paul Getty in All the Money in the World, was cast to replace Kevin Spacey in the then-already completed film. The move came amid numerous sexual harassment and sexual assault allegations made towards Spacey. All scenes that had included Spacey were re-shot with Plummer. Co-stars Mark Wahlberg and Michelle Williams were part of the necessary filming. The decision was made not long before the scheduled release date of December 22. TriStar Pictures intended to meet that release date in spite of the tight re-shooting and editing schedule; it was eventually pushed back to December 25. For his role, Plummer earned Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor.

This is a document about Andrew Buchan
  Day 2017 saw the high-profile release of Ridley Scott's All the Money in the World -the story of the kidnap of John Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire John Paul Getty. Andrew played John Paul Getty II, father of the kidnapped boy, son of JPG and husband to Gail Getty, played by Michelle Williams. Some of Andrew's scenes had been re-shot when Christopher Plummer replaced the disgraced Kevin Spacey as JPG just one month earlier. In February 2018 Andrew was seen in a cameo part in James Marsh's The Mercy – a BBC film about ill-fated 1960s yachtsman Donald Crowhurst, featuring Colin Firth and Rachel

Christopher Plummer played John Paul Getty in "All the Money in the World." However, Kevin Spacey was originally cast in the role but was replaced due to sexual assault allegations.


Question: when did the us policy of containment begin

Answer: 1946

This is a document about Containment
 Containment Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. As a component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, Vietnam, and Latin America. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente and rollback. The basis of the doctrine was articulated in a 1946 cable by U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan during the post-World

This is a document about Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits
 revise the Montreux Convention, which led to the Turkish Straits crisis of 1946, which led to Turkey abandoning its policy of neutrality. In 1947, it became the recipient of US military and economic assistance under the Truman Doctrine of containment and joined NATO, along with Greece, in 1952. The passage of US warships through the Straits also raised controversy, as the convention forbids the transit of non-Black Sea nations' warships with guns of a calibre larger than eight inches (203 mm). In the 1960s, the US sent warships carrying 420 mm calibre ASROC missiles through the Straits, prompting Soviet protests.

This is a document about Origins of the Cold War
 of Soviet Conduct" in "Foreign Affairs" (July 1947), Kennan drafted the classic argument for adopting a policy of "containment" toward the Soviet Union. On March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, gave his speech "The Sinews of Peace," declaring that an "iron curtain" had descended across Europe. From the standpoint of the Soviets, the speech was an incitement for the West to begin a war with the USSR, as it called for an Anglo-American alliance against the Soviets " Having lost 20 million people in the war, suffered German invasion twice in 30 years, and

This is a document about John Kenneth Galbraith
 but they were out of step with the containment policy then being developed by George Kennan and favored by the majority of the US major policymakers. After a disconcerting half-year, Galbraith resigned in September 1946 and went back to his magazine writing on economics issues. Later, he immortalized his frustration with "the ways of Foggy Bottom" in a satirical novel, "The Triumph" (1968). The postwar period also was memorable for Galbraith because of his work, along with Eleanor Roosevelt and Hubert Humphrey, to establish a progressive policy organization Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) in support of the cause of economic

This is a document about Containment
 sounded redundant." Clark Clifford and George Elsey produced a report elaborating on the "Long Telegram" and proposing concrete policy recommendations based on its analysis. This report, which recommended "restraining and confining" Soviet influence, was presented to Truman on September 24, 1946. In January 1947, Kennan drafted an essay entitled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct." Navy Secretary James V. Forrestal gave permission for the report to be published in the journal "Foreign Affairs" under the pseudonym "X." Biographer Douglas Brinkley has dubbed Forrestal "godfather of containment" on account of his work in distributing Kennan's writing. The use of the word "containment"

This is a document about Presidency of Harry S. Truman
 Turkey sole control over the straits, and Truman dispatched a fleet to the Eastern Mediterranean to show his administration's commitment to the region. In East Asia, Truman denied the Soviet request to reunify Korea, and refused to allow the Soviets a role in the post-war occupation of Japan. By September 1946, Truman was convinced that the Soviet Union sought world domination and that cooperation was futile. He adopted a policy of containment, based on a 1946 cable by diplomat George F. Kennan. Containment, a policy of preventing the further expansion of Soviet influence, represented a middle-ground position between friendly detente

This is a document about Containment
   Containment is a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States. It is loosely related to the term cordon sanitaire which was later used to describe the geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union in the 1940s. The strategy of "containment" is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II. As a component of the Cold War, this policy caused a response from the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, while also being regarded as the beginning of the cold war. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente (relaxation of relations) and rollback (actively replacing a regime). The basis of the doctrine was articulated in a 1946 cable by U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan during the post-WWII term of U.S. President Harry S. Truman. As a description of U.S. foreign policy, the word originated in a report Kennan submitted to U.S. Defense Secretary James Forrestal in 1947, which was later used in a magazine article.

This is a document about Political warfare
  or removed elsewhere. The Truman Doctrine was the post-WWII basis for American political warfare operations on which the United States government went further to formulate an active, defensive strategy to contain the Soviet threat. On 4 May 1948, George F. Kennan, the father of the containment policy, wrote the Policy Planning Staff Memorandum titled "The Inauguration of Organized Political Warfare". This National Security Council (NSC) memo established a directorate of political warfare operations, under the control of the NSC, known as the Consultative (or Evaluation) Board of the National Security Council. This directorate fell under the authority of the Secretary of State, while the Board had complete authority

This is a document about Foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration
  policy of containment, based on a 1946 cable by diplomat George F. Kennan. Containment, a policy of preventing the further expansion of Soviet influence, represented a middle-ground position between friendly detente (as represented by Wallace), and aggressive rollback to regain territory already lost to Communism, as would be adopted in 1981 by Ronald Reagan. Kennan's doctrine was based on the notion that the Soviet Union was led by an uncompromising totalitarian regime, and that the Soviets were primarily responsible for escalating tensions. Wallace, who had been appointed Secretary of Commerce after the 1944 election, resigned from the cabinet in September 1946 due to Truman's hardening stance towards the Soviet Union.

This is a document about Grand strategy
  The US and the UK used a policy of containment as part of their grand strategy during the Cold War.

This is a document about Containment
  Communist moves, the government relied increasingly on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Established by the National Security Act of 1947, the CIA conducted espionage in foreign lands, some of it visible, more of it secret. Truman approved a classified statement of containment policy called NSC 20/4 in November 1948, the first comprehensive statement of security policy ever created by the United States. The Soviet Union's first nuclear test in 1949 prompted the National Security Council to formulate a revised security doctrine. Completed in April 1950, it became known as NSC 68. It concluded that a massive military buildup was necessary to

This is a document about Gulf of Tonkin incident
  policies. The Cold War policy of containment was to be applied to prevent the fall of Southeast Asia to communism under the precepts of the domino theory. After Kennedy's assassination, Johnson ordered in more U.S. forces to support the Saigon government, beginning a protracted United States presence in Southeast Asia.  A highly classified program of covert actions against North Vietnam, known as Operation Plan 34-Alpha, in conjunction with the DESOTO operations, had begun under the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1961. In 1964, the program was transferred to the Defense Department and conducted by the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations

This is a document about Jack F. Matlock Jr.
  articulated in 1947 by George F. Kennan, who was later to become a good friend of Matlock's. The American policy was basically to contain the spread of Communism, in the expectation that it would eventually collapse of internal contradictions. This did not prevent discussions between the Superpowers. In June 1961, President John F. Kennedy and First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev met in Vienna, and in December the United Nations General Assembly approved a draft joint resolution on principles for negotiating disarmament. This period also saw the beginnings of U.S. - U.S.S.R. cultural exchanges, notably the visit of poet Robert Frost to Moscow. The containment policy was tested during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Matlock, along with Richard Davies and Herbert Okun,  translated communications between President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev.

This is a document about Presidency of Harry S. Truman
  of containment, based on a 1946 cable by diplomat George F. Kennan. Containment, a policy of preventing the further expansion of Soviet influence, represented a middle-ground position between friendly detente (as represented by Wallace), and aggressive rollback to regain territory already lost to Communism, as would be adopted in 1981 by Ronald Reagan. Kennan's doctrine was based on the notion that the Soviet Union was led by an uncompromising totalitarian regime, and that the Soviets were primarily responsible for escalating tensions. Wallace, who had been appointed Secretary of Commerce after the 1944 election, resigned from the cabinet in September 1946 due to Truman's hardening stance towards the Soviet Union.

This is a document about Henry A. Wallace
  Kennan laid out the doctrine of containment, which called for the United States to resist the spread of Communism. Wallace feared that confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union would eventually lead to war, and urged Truman to "allay any reasonable Russian grounds for fear, suspicion, and distrust". Historian Tony Judt wrote in Postwar that Wallace's "distaste for American involvement with Britain and Europe was widely shared across the political spectrum". Though Wallace was dissatisfied with Truman's increasingly confrontational policies toward the Soviet Union, he remained an integral part of Truman's Cabinet during the first half of 1946. He broke with administration

This is a document about Timeline of events in the Cold War
  a controversial series of anti-Communist investigations in the United States. ; February 12: The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a pact of mutual defense. ; March 11: Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek moves his capital to Taipei, Taiwan, establishing a stand-off with the People's Republic of China. ; April 7: United States State Department Director of Policy Planning Paul Nitze issues NSC 68, a classified report, arguing for the adoption of containment as the cornerstone of United States foreign policy. It would dictate US policy for the next twenty years. ; May 11: Robert Schuman describes his ambition of a united Europe.

This is a document about Pentagon Papers
  Containment of China.jpg, the Chinese containment policy of the United States was a long-run strategic effort to surround Beijing with the USSR, its satellite states, as well as:1. The Japan–Korea front, 2. The India–Pakistan front, and 3. The Southeast Asia front]] Although President Johnson stated that the aim of the Vietnam War was to secure an "independent, non-Communist South Vietnam", a January 1965 memorandum by Assistant Secretary of Defense John McNaughton stated that an underlying justification was "not to help friend, but to contain China". On November 3, 1965, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara sent a memorandum to President Johnson, in which he explained the "major policy decisions

This is a document about Anti-communism
  the containment strategy. The deepening of the Cold War in the 1950s saw a dramatic increase in anti-communism in the United States, including the anti-communist campaign which is known as McCarthyism. Thousands of Americans, such as the filmmaker Charlie Chaplin, were accused of being Communists or sympathizers and many became the subject of aggressive investigations by government committees such as the House Committee on Un-American Activities. As a result of sometimes vastly exaggerated accusations, many of the accused lost their jobs and became blacklisted, although most of these verdicts were later overturned. This was also the period of the McCarran Internal Security Act and the Julius

This is a document about Domino theory
  one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow." Following the Iran crisis of 1946, Harry S. Truman declared what became known as the Truman Doctrine in 1947, promising to contribute financial aid to the Greek government during its Civil War and to Turkey following World War II, in the hope that this would impede the advancement of Communism into Western Europe. Later that year, diplomat George Kennan wrote an article in Foreign Affairs magazine that became known as the "X Article", which first articulated the policy of containment, arguing that the further

The US policy of containment began in the mid-1940s, as articulated by George F. Kennan in a series of articles in 1946 and 1947. It was formally adopted by the US government in response to the Soviet Union's expansionist policies, particularly in Eastern Europe.