Question: when did the ncaa tournament expanded to 68 teams

Answer: 2011

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 Four" round. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April. These four teams, one from each region (East, South, Midwest, and West), compete in a preselected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969. Currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name "NCAA March Madness". Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally. As television coverage has grown, so too has the tournament's popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to correctly predict the outcome of 63

This is a document about College basketball
 there. The NCAA tournament eventually overtook the NIT by 1960. Through the 1960s and 1970s, with UCLA leading the way as winner of ten NCAA Tournament championships, a shift in power to teams from the west amplified the shift of attention away from the New York City-based NIT. When the NCAA tournament expanded its field of teams from 25 to 32 in 1975, to 48 in 1980, to 64 in 1985, and to 68 teams in 2011, interest in the NCAA tournament increased again and again, as it comprised more and more teams, soon including all of the strongest ones.

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 its format many times over the years, many of which are listed below. The NCAA tournament has expanded a number of times throughout its history. After the conclusion of the 2010 tournament, there was speculation about increasing the tournament size to as many as 128 teams. On April 1, 2010, the NCAA announced that it was looking at expanding to 96 teams for 2011. On April 22, the NCAA announced a new television contract with CBS/Turner that expanded the field to 68 teams. From 2011 to 2015, the round of 64 was deemed to be the second round; beginning in

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, and Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. The NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 bracket as the 16a/16b seeds, and then played the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Opening Round Game (the "play-in game") on the Tuesday preceding the first weekend of the tournament. This game was always played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio. During 2011, the tournament expanded to 68 teams. Four "play-in" games are now played, officially known as the "First Four". However, the teams playing in the First Four are "not" automatically seeded #16; their seeding is determined by the committee on Selection Sunday. Explaining the reasoning for this format, selection committee chairman Dan Guerrero said, "We

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a single-elimination tournament involving 68 teams to determine the national champion of the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The 73rd edition of the NCAA Tournament began on March 15, 2011, and concluded with the championship game on April 4 at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. This tournament marked the introduction of the "First Four" round and an expansion of the field of participants from 65 teams to 68. The "South" and "Midwest" regional games were replaced by the monikers "Southeast" and "Southwest"

This is a document about 2011 Women's National Invitation Tournament
 2011 Women's National Invitation Tournament The 2011 Women's National Invitation Tournament (WNIT) was an annual single-elimination tournament of 64 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I teams that were not selected to participate in the 2011 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament. The tournament was played entirely on campus sites. The highest ranked team in each conference that did not receive a bid to the NCAA Tournament received an automatic bid to this tournament. The remaining slots were filled by the WNIT Selection Committee. In the championship game, the Toledo Rockets defeated the USC Trojans, 76-68, before a sellout crowd

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams
 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams entered the tournament. Thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a post-season tournament, went to its regular season champion. The remaining 37 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeded the entire field from

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 "at-large" bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All 68 teams were announced on "Selection Sunday" March 13, 2011. The Selection Committee ranked the entire field from 1 to 68. The last four at-large teams selected and the four lowest ranked automatic qualifiers played in a "First Four". The four winners of those games advanced to the main draw of the tournament to play a higher seed. The four lowest ranked teams of the 68 played against each other in a pair of First Four games, with winners advancing to play No. 1 seeds, and the last four

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams
 1 to 68. "Team names are those used on ESPN.com scoreboards and team pages." Automatic bids to the tournament were granted for winning a conference championship tournament, except for the automatic bid of the Ivy League given to the regular season champion (though Princeton and Harvard were required to break a tie with a one-game playoff). Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments. Runners-up in bold face were given at-large berths. <nowiki>*</nowiki>See First Four. 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament.

This is a document about 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
 the University of Tulsa's Mabee Center would host games; the tournament would not return to the city until 2011, when the BOK Center hosted. <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period CBS Sports ESPN and NCAA Productions CBS Radio 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1985 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. This was the first year the field was expanded to 64 teams, from 53 in the previous year's tournament. It began on March 14, 1985, and ended with the

This is a document about 2010–11 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season
 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament to be played Thursday, March 10 through Sunday, March 13. The Big Ten Conference will host second and third round games of the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament at the United Center in Chicago March 18 and 20, 2011. The Big Ten had seven teams invited to the 68-team 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament (NCAA Tournament) and one team invited to the 2011 National Invitation Tournament (NIT). Ohio State was a number one seed and along with Wisconsin survived until the Sweet Sixteen round. No Big Ten teams made the elite eight

This is a document about College basketball
 (Expansion also improved the distribution of playing locations, which number roughly one-third the number of teams in the field.) In 2011, the NCAA field expanded to 68 teams and the last 8 teams playing for four spots making the field into 64, which is called the first round and so on. The former first round is called the second round, the second round is called the third round, and the Sweet Sixteen is the same, but it is technically the fourth round in the current format, etc. In 2016, the field did not expand, but the round numbers changed again.

This is a document about 2012 Women's National Invitation Tournament
 The highest ranked team in each conference that did not receive a bid to the NCAA Tournament received an automatic bid to this tournament. The remaining slots were filled by the WNIT Selection Committee. The Oklahoma State Cowgirls won the first WNIT title by the score of 75-68 over James Madison, with the inaugural coach Jim Littell, which he took over few days later after the death of Kurt Budke in a plane crash on November 17, 2011. In addition to the 31 automatic bids from respective conferences, 33 teams, with a winning record, will receive an at-large bid to

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
  4 ; } 2001–2010 || 65 || 0 || 1 ; 2011–|| 68 || 0 || 4 ; } 2011–|| 68 || 0 || 4 ; } The NCAA tournament field has expanded a number of times throughout its history. !Years !! Teams !! Byes !! Play-in games After the conclusion of the 2010 tournament, there was speculation about increasing the tournament size to as many as 128 teams. On April 1, the NCAA announced that it was looking at expanding to 96 teams for 2011. On April 22, the NCAA announced a new television contract with CBS/Turner that expanded the field to 68 teams. From 2011 to 2015, the round of 64 was deemed to be the second round; beginning in 2016, the round of 64 was again deemed to be the first round.

This is a document about First Four
  On April 22, 2010, the NCAA announced that the tournament would expand to 68 teams, with four "Play-In Games" beginning with the 2011 tournament. In 2011, the broadcast media began calling these games "The First Four" (as opposed to the "Final Four"); and, also used the term "first round games" interchangeably with "opening round games." Formerly, the term "first round game" specifically referred to the first games played by the final 64 teams, not the teams in the opening round. Through the 2015 tournament, these games were known as "second round games," resulting in some confusion for those more accustomed to the round being known as the "first round" and the "second round" being used for the regional quarterfinals (field of 32). Effective with

This is a document about List of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball seasons
  The NCAA tournament started in 1939 and the number of teams invited to participate has expanded a number of times over the years. Between 1939 and 1950 the tournament had only eight teams, and then between 1951 and 1974 the tournament varied between 16 teams and 25 teams. The tournament has continued to expand over the years, and there are now 65 teams that make it into the tournament. The National Invitation Tournament, meanwhile, began in 1938 with only 6 teams. In 1941 the tournament was expanded to include 8 teams, in 1949 the tournament was again expanded to 12 teams, then 14 teams in 1965, 16 teams in 1968, 24 teams in 1979, 32 teams in 1980, and 40 teams from 2002 through 2006. The tournament reverted to 32 teams for 2007.

This is a document about Shepherd Rams
  Note: The NCAA expanded the playoff field from 16 to 24 teams in 2000 and from 24 to 28 teams in 2015.

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
  For the first time, a total of 68 teams entered the tournament. Thirty of the thirty-one automatic bids were given to the programs that won their conference tournaments, while the remaining automatic bid went to the Ivy League champion Princeton, as the conference does not hold a tournament. The remaining 37 teams were granted "at-large" bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All 68 teams were announced on "Selection Sunday" March 13, 2011. The Selection Committee ranked the entire field from 1 to 68. The last four at-large teams selected and the four lowest ranked automatic qualifiers played in a "First Four". The four winners of those games advanced to the main draw of the tournament to play a higher seed. The four lowest ranked teams of the 68 played against each other in a pair of First Four games, with winners advancing to play No. 1 seeds, and the last four at-large teams played in the other two First Four games, with the winners moving on to face the seed they would otherwise be matched up against, as determined by their seed number.

This is a document about 1998 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament
  The NCAA Women's Volleyball Tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1998, joining the men's and women's basketball tournaments as the only 64-team NCAA Tournaments at the time. The NCAA baseball tournament would expand to the same size in 1999, followed by the NCAA women's soccer tournament in 2001 and the NCAA softball tournament in 2003. The Big Ten and Big 12 each earned six bids in 1998. The Pac-10 only received four bids in the 1998 NCAA Tournament, which is the fewest they have earned in the 64-team era.

The NCAA tournament expanded to 68 teams in 2011.


Question: second life is an example of  a ( n )

Answer: an online virtual world

This is a document about Second Life
 Second Life Second Life is an online virtual world, developed and owned by the San Francisco-based firm Linden Lab and launched on June 23, 2003. By 2013, "Second Life" had approximately one million regular users. In many ways, "Second Life" is similar to massively multiplayer online role-playing games; however, Linden Lab is emphatic that their creation is not a game: "There is no manufactured conflict, no set objective". The virtual world can be accessed freely via Linden Lab's own client programs or via alternative third-party viewers. "Second Life" users, also called "residents", create virtual representations of themselves, called "avatars", and

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life is used for scientific research, collaboration, and data visualization. Examples include SciLands, American Chemical Society's ACS Island, Genome, Virginia Tech's SLATE, and Nature Publishing Group's Elucian Islands Village.

This is a document about Linden Lab
 Second Life ; Sansar ; Blocksworld ; Patterns (video game)

This is a document about Instructional simulation
  A virtual world is an interactive 3-D environment where users are immersed in the environment. Users can manipulate the environment and interact with other users. Depending on the degree of immersion, users can begin playing a game, interact with other users, attend seminars, or complete course work for an online class. Online discussion groups and social networks such as Myspace and Facebook are already being used to supplement interaction within coursework (Baker 2009). Second Life is a virtual world where users create avatars. An avatar is a virtual representation of the user to other users. These avatars then interact with any other user within the Second Life world. Avatars can purchase virtual land, own buildings, and travel, interact, conduct business, and even attend lectures by professors. Second Life is running 24 hours a day and is tied into the Internet, so there are always other avatars to interact with. MMORPGs such as World of Warcraft and Star Wars Galaxies are video game based virtual environments. These game engines hold the potential for instructional simulation. Unlike Second Life, these are pre-designed games with their own set of objectives that need to be completed through a progression.

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life is an on-line multimedia platform that allows people to create an avatar for themselves and have a second life in an online virtual world, or metaverse. Developed and owned by the San Francisco-based firm Linden Lab and launched on June 23, 2003, it saw rapid growth for some years and in 2013 it had approximately one million regular users; growth stabilized and by the end of 2017 active user count had declined to "between 800,000 and 900,000". In many ways, Second Life is similar to massively multiplayer online role-playing games; nevertheless, Linden Lab is emphatic that their creation is not a game: "There is no manufactured conflict, no set objective". The virtual world can be accessed freely via Linden

This is a document about Second Life
  dollars), higher than some small countries. In 2020, Linden Lab abandoned their spiritual successor to Second Life, a VR experience called Sansar, in order to focus their attention fully on Second Life. The rights to Sansar 's assets were sold to Wookey Search Technologies, who are expected to continue development on the title without Linden Lab. Second Life, the usage of which peaked in the first decade of the 21st-century, has been cited as the first example of the metaverse, a concept which has been taken up by major corporations such as Facebook in 2021. As a notable precursor (which retains a small and loyal following), it provides several examples of virtual reality social issues and lessons learned.

This is a document about Corporate use of Second Life
  ; Second Life provided a wide array of tools for building 3D objects, scripting language to apply required behavior to the objects and easy entry path (users can register and try everything free of charge, and can purchase their own land - to which they can control access - at a reasonable price). Virtual Worlds are 3D computer environments where each user is represented with a character - avatar. Traditionally, virtual worlds have been used for entertainment. However, starting from approximately 2004 both corporate world and academia started to recognize business value of virtual worlds for training and education, collaboration, and marketing. Development and maturity of most popular virtual world - Second Life - played a significant role in corporate movement towards virtual worlds for several reasons:  By early 2010 several corporate applications of virtual worlds were shown to be successful:

This is a document about Virtual world
  A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment which may be populated by many users who can create a personal avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities and communicate with others. These avatars can be textual, graphical representations, or live video avatars with auditory and touch sensations. The user accesses a computer-simulated world which presents perceptual stimuli to the user, who in turn can manipulate elements of the modeled world and thus experience a degree of presence. Such modeled worlds and their rules may draw from reality or fantasy worlds. Example rules are gravity, topography, locomotion, real-time actions, and communication. Communication between users can range from text, graphical icons, visual gesture, sound, and rarely, forms using touch,

This is a document about New media
  argues that "the global interactive games industry is large and growing, and is at the forefront of many of the most significant innovations in new media" (Flew 2005: 101). Interactivity is prominent in these online video games such as World of Warcraft, The Sims Online and Second Life. These games, which are developments of "new media," allow for users to establish relationships and experience a sense of belonging that transcends traditional temporal and spatial boundaries (such as when gamers logging in from different parts of the world interact). These games can be used as an escape or to act out a desired life. New media have created virtual

This is a document about Maryna Hrymych
 Second life ; White Owl Island

This is a document about Otherland
 Mind transfer ; Second Life ; Simulated reality ; Transhumanism ; Virtual reality ; Simulated reality in fiction

This is a document about Virtual world language learning
  Virtual worlds offer exceptional opportunities for autonomous learning. The video Language learning in Second Life: an Introduction by Helen Myers (Karelia Kondor in SL) is a good illustration of an adult learner's experiences of her introduction to SL and in learning Italian.

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life can be a real-time, immersive social space for people including those with physical or mental disabilities that impair their first lives, who often find comfort and security interacting through anonymous avatars. (Indeed, some academics believe using Second Life might even help improve motor ability for people with Parkinson’s disease.). An example of how Second Life has been used by disabled people is Wheelies, the widely publicised disability themed nightclub founded by Simon Stevens.

This is a document about Virtual world language learning
 ArianeB's list of 3D Virtual Worlds: A useful list of virtual worlds and multiplayer games, including embedded videos that show how they look. ; Chris Smith's list of virtual worlds: A comprehensive list of virtual worlds, including some embedded videos. ; Virtual Worlds List by Category: As the title suggests, a categorised list of virtual worlds. Links only, no descriptions. Many islands in Second Life have language- or culture-specific communities that offer language learners easy ways to practise a foreign language (Berry 2009). Second Life is the widest-used 3D world among members of the language teaching community, but there are many alternatives. General-purpose

This is a document about Mock mayor
  Examples may be found in:

This is a document about Covenstead
  and key phrases are simply typed. The online virtual world Second Life is also host to neopagan meetings and ceremonies. The affordances of the site allow for ‘cybercovens’ to meet virtually using avatars to participate in social events and rituals. On Second Life, users can visit a pub or a digital marketplace, meditate, access digital copies of neopagan texts and gather at an altar to carry out rituals and sabbats. The experience can be likened to covensteads situated in the astral temple. The avatars created on Second Life can resemble the user's own physical appearance but can also allow the user to construct an alternative self that enhances their online spiritual experience with features such as wings. More recent examples of online rituals and gatherings of modern Pagans include Youtube

This is a document about Education in Second Life
  Second Life is used as a platform for education by many institutions, such as colleges, universities, libraries and government entities.

This is a document about Avatar (computing)
  Early examples of customizable avatars include multi-user systems, including MUDs. Gaia Online has a customizable avatar where users can dress it up as desired. Users may earn credits for completing sponsored surveys or certain tasks to purchase items and upgrades to customize their avatar. Linden Lab's Second Life creates a virtual world in which avatars, homes, decorations, buildings and land are for sale. Less-common items may be designed to appear better than common items, and an experienced player may be identified from a group of new characters before in-game statistics are seen.

This is a document about Self-replicating machines in fiction
  the video game series Mass Effect are also self-replicating probes bent on destroying any advanced civilization encountered in the galaxy. They lie dormant in the vast spaces between the galaxies and follow a cycle of extermination. In Mass Effect 2 it is shown that they assimilate any advanced species. ; Denial-of-service attacks in the virtual world Second Life which work by continually replicating objects until the server crashes are referred to as gray goo attacks. This is a reference to the self-replicating aspects of gray goo. It is one example of the widespread convention of drawing analogies between certain Second Life concepts and the theories of radical

This is a document about Second Life
  for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2008. Print. ; Rymaszewski, Michael. Second Life The Official Guide. Sybex Inc, 2008. Print. ; Zerzan, John. Telos 141, Second-Best Life: Real Virtuality. New York: Telos Press Ltd., Winter 2007. ; SK Alamgir Hossain, Abu Saleh Md Mahfujur Rahman, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, "Interpersonal haptic communication in second life", in Haptic Audio-Visual Environments and Games (HAVE), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on, October 16–17, 2010, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, pp. 1 –4. ; Taşçı, D., Dinçer, D. "The Creation Of Academic Consulting Environment in Virtual Worlds And An Assessment Of Challenges Faced By Learners in This Environment", Conference proceedings of "eLearning and Software for Education", 01, 2011, p. 290–296.

Second Life is an example of a virtual world or a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG).


Question: who wrote the song it aint my fault

Answer: John and T.J. Osborne

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
 the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017. It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) "It Ain't My Fault" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller.

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
 It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song) "It Ain't My Fault" is a song by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller. The duo wrote the song with Lee Thomas Miller in mid-2015. The song is about "a guy who doggedly, humorously refuses to own up to his own actions", as reflected in the title line. Miller came up with the opening lines about "a chain of events leading to an affair"

This is a document about Brothers Osborne
 airplay hit in 2016. It also led to the release of their debut album "Pawn Shop", which was mostly produced by Jay Joyce. Two more singles followed from the album: "21 Summer" and "It Ain't My Fault", both of which made the country music charts as well. Concurrently with the former, the duo was featured on David Nail's single "Good at Tonight". Both brothers wrote nearly every song on "Pawn Shop", with collaborators including Shane McAnally, Craig Wiseman, Casey Beathard, Ross Copperman, Maren Morris and her husband Ryan Hurd, and Lee Thomas Miller. Musicians appearing on the album included Lee

This is a document about Pawn Shop (album)
 Pawn Shop (album) Both members of the duo (John and T.J. Osborne) co-wrote nearly every song on the album, except "Heart Shaped Locket", on which only TJ was a co-writer. Jay Joyce produced the album except for "Rum" and "Heart Shaped Locket", which the duo produced with Brad Hill. Both "Rum" and "Stay a Little Longer" previously appeared on their self-titled EP, although the latter was re-recorded. "Rum" was originally issued as a single off the EP in 2014, followed by the re-recording of "Stay a Little Longer". "21 Summer" and "It Ain't My Fault" were the third and fourth

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Lee Thomas Miller.

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Silkk the Shocker song)
  The chorus of "It Ain't My Fault" samples the jazz song "It Ain't My Fault", which was written by Smokey Johnson and Wardell Quezergue in 1964. Introduced by Harold Dejan's Olympia Brass Band into the contemporary New Orleans brass band repertory, Johnson's and Quezergue's "It Ain't My Fault" has become a standard, recorded by the Treme Brass Band, the Preservation Hall Jazz Band and many others.

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Silkk the Shocker song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" is the second single released from rapper Silkk the Shocker's second album, Charge It 2 da Game. Produced by Craig B., the song features a verse and chorus from label-mate Mystikal and samples the New Orleans jazz standard "It Ain't My Fault" written by Smokey Johnson and Wardell Quezergue. "It Ain't My Fault" was one of Silkk the Shocker's successful singles, making it to 18 on the Billboard Hot 100.

This is a document about It's Not Your Fault
  "It's Not Your Fault" is a rock song at a length of three minutes and thirty seven seconds, written by the five members of New Found Glory, all of whom share credits for the music composition and the lyrics. The song is composed in the A Major key and has a "moderate tempo" of 129 beats per minute. The band's primary composer and guitarist Chad Gilbert, notes that the song has "big, full guitars and a piano line that goes throughout. It's pretty anthemic, and Jordan's voice has never sounded better." Gilbert further explained that, "This one shows how we've changed. We're a

This is a document about Smokey Johnson
  "It Ain't My Fault" has been recorded by Dejan's Olympia Brass Band, Rebirth Brass Band, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Treme Brass Band, Charmaine Neville, Milton Batiste, Shane Theriot, Young Olympians, Ambrosia Brass Band, David Roe, Cole Prior Stevens, and Zydeco All-Stars. The song has also been sampled by Silkk the Shocker, Mystikal, Mariah Carey, DJ Melo-Mix and DJ Kid Fresh. In 2010, the Preservation Hall Jazz Band recorded a new version of the song, with lyrics, to help raise relief funds for the BP Oil Spill. The song featured Mos Def, Trombone Shorty and Lenny Kravitz.

This is a document about It Ain't Me
  The lyrics to "It Ain't Me" were written by Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. With Watt previously working with Kygo, the DJ's manager Myles Shear contacted Watt for a session with Kygo which Watt also facilitated for Lee and Tamposi. During their session for "It Ain't Me", they initially found the track very poor, but were trying to salvage it. Kygo and Shear suggested that they continue working on the song. After Kygo and Shear had left, Tamposi told Watt and Lee to play guitar and "Fleetwood Mac it", spawning a 45-minute jam session as well as the demo

This is a document about List of 1930s jazz standards
 "Don't Blame Me"  was introduced in the musical revue Clowns in Clover and included in the 1933 film Dinner at Eight. The film is often mistakenly given as the song's origin. The first hit recordings were by Guy Lombardo and Ethel Waters in 1933. Nat King Cole recorded it several times as an instrumental, and had a hit with a 1944 vocal version. Charlie Parker made an influential ballad rendition in 1947. The song was composed by Jimmy McHugh with lyrics by Dorothy Fields. ; "I Cover the Waterfront", composed by Johnny Green with lyrics by Edward Heyman, was inspired by the 1932 novel

This is a document about Johnny Winter
  Winter caught his biggest break in December 1968, when Mike Bloomfield, whom he met and jammed with in Chicago, invited him to sing and play a song during a Bloomfield and Al Kooper concert at the Fillmore East in New York City. As it happened, representatives of Columbia Records (which had released the Top Ten Bloomfield/Kooper/Stills Super Session album) were at the concert. Winter played and sang B.B. King's "It's My Own Fault" to loud applause, and within a few days, was signed to what was reportedly the largest advance in the history of the recording industry at that time—$600,000. Winter's first Columbia album, Johnny Winter,

This is a document about Kel Spencer
  of MC Lyte, Lil J, Teddy Riley, Wyclef Jean, Nick Cannon, Lil' Kim, Carl Thomas, Heavy D, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Miri Ben-Ari, Mary J. Blige as well as the singles "Freak Freak" by Grammy Award winners The Product G&B (2001) and "It Ain't My Fault" by So Plush (2002). Spencer teamed up again on Will Smith's 2003 album "Born to Reign" co-writing 7 tracks out of 14 including the leading single and MTV Video Music Award nominated "Black Suits Comin' (Nod Ya Head)". Spencer renewed his collaboration with Smith on 5 tracks out of Smith's platinum 2005 album "Lost and Found", including the leading single and American Music Award-winning "Switch" peaking at

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" was the most-added single at Country radio for the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017.

This is a document about Smokey Johnson
  on Professor Longhair's carnival classic "Big Chief". In 1964 he released a two-part single titled "It Ain't My Fault" as a leader. The song was developed over a drum cadence written years earlier by Johnson. The melody was developed in collaboration with Wardell Quezergue. According to Dan Phillips, the song is an early example of incorporating second line syncopation into pop music. The song has become a Mardi Gras and a brass band standard. In 1960s Johnson was an in demand session musician and served as the house drummer for Quezergue's NOLA Records. He released six double-sided singles as a

This is a document about Ain't
  a song written by Fats Domino and Dave Bartholomew, released by Imperial Records in 1955, which went on to sell over a million copies and introduced Fats Domino to a wider audience. ; "It Ain't Me, Babe" is a 1964 song by Bob Dylan, covered by many others, including the Turtles. ; "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" is a 1967 song recorded by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell. ; "Ain't No Way" is a 1968 song recorded by Aretha Franklin. ; "Ain't No Sunshine" is a 1971 song recorded by Bill Withers. ; It Ain't Half Hot Mum, BBC television series written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft, broadcast between 1974 and 1981 ; "Ain't No Grave",

This is a document about Ain't
  Jazz Singer (1927), the first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences. That spoken line and others in the film, introduced the "talkies" and revolutionized the movie industry. ; "It Ain't Necessarily So", song from Porgy and Bess (1935); music by George Gershwin, words by Ira Gershwin. ; "He ain't heavy, he's my brother" has been used as the motto of Boys Town since 1943 and inspired a song "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell and recorded by The Hollies, Neil Diamond and other artists. ; Winston Churchill, commenting on the 1954 portrait by Graham Sutherland said "It makes me look half-witted, which I ain't". ; "Ain't That a Shame"

This is a document about Wardell Quezergue
  In the early 1960s Quezergue arranged for bandleader Dave Bartholomew at Imperial Records. He worked on releases by Fats Domino, Earl King and others, including King's signature song "Trick Bag" and Professor Longhair's carnival standard "Big Chief". He did several stage arrangements for Motown acts including Stevie Wonder. In 1962 Quezergue formed Nola Records. In 1964 he co-wrote drummer Smokey Johnson's "It Ain't My Fault", an instrumental track which became a New Orleans funk standard. Robert Parker's "Barefootin'" from the label reached number two on the R&B chart. Other artists on the label included Eddie Bo and Willie Tee. Later he signed a production deal with Malaco Records of Jackson, Mississippi, and recorded King

This is a document about It Ain't Right
 The Red Clay Ramblers, included on their 1986 release It Ain't Right ; The Red Stick Ramblers, included on their 2005 release Right Key, Wrong Keyhole ; The electro-swing band Caravan Palace features samples from this piece in their song "Rock It For Me", from the album titled "Panic". ; The Austrian electro-swing DJ Parov Stelar features samples from this piece in his song "Mama Talking", from his album "The Burning Spider". ; Odd Chap who's also an electro-swing dj remixed it in 2020 "It Ain't Right" is a popular song written by Bob Rothberg and Joseph Meyer. It was recorded by Stuff Smith during the 1930s. Smith performed at the Onyx Club on 52nd Street in New York City during the 1930s. Others to record the song include:

The song "It Ain't My Fault" was written by Brothers Osborne (John and T.J. Osborne), Kennedy Kelley, and Lee Thomas Miller.


Question: which countries are the latest additions to caricom

Answer: Haiti

This is a document about Caribbean Community
 to utilize the Privy Council as their final appellate court and three member states do not use the CCJ for either its original jurisdiction or its appellate jurisdiction because they have either not signed the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (the Bahamas and Haiti) or are a current United Kingdom Overseas Territory (Montserrat). A handful of various public propositions have been held in several countries of CARICOM polling on public support for transitioning of appellate jurisdiction to the CCJ, and to-date the majority of these measures held have failed. The six designated associate institutions of CARICOM are as follows: The flag

This is a document about Caribbean Community
 to facilitate closer ties. Structures comprised by the overall Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Under Article 4 CARICOM breaks its 15 member states into two groups: Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs). The countries of CARICOM which are designated as Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are: The countries of CARICOM which are designated as More Developed Countries (MDCs) are: The post of Chairman (Head of CARICOM) is held in rotation by the regional Heads of State (for the republics) and Heads of Government (for the realms) of CARICOM's 15 member states. These include: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti,

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
 Regional Preference Clause is that allows for the first formal framework for economic integration between Haiti and the Dominican Republic as Haiti is not a part of the CARICOM-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement and there has been no previous free trade agreement between them. Thus all 15 of the current CARICOM member states and the Dominican Republic are now involved in at least one free trade arrangement which covers all 16 countries and territories in one way or another. 13 of the 15 CARICOM countries have signed in 2005 the Petrocaribe, an oil alliance with Venezuela which permits them to

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
 Projects of the Caribbean Community Three countries—Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—had originally set 5 January 2005 as the date of signing the agreement relating to the CARICOM single market and economy (CSME). The ceremony had then been rescheduled to coincide with 19 February 2005 inauguration of the new CARICOM-headquarters building in Georgetown, Guyana, but this was later postponed after a ruling by the London Privy council caused alarm to several Caribbean countries. The prospect was that ten of the remaining twelve CARICOM countries would join the CSME by the end of 2005. The Bahamas and Haiti were not expected

This is a document about Member states of the Caribbean Community
 (and English Creole) speaking Caribbean countries, but has since become a multilingual organisation in practice with the addition of Dutch-speaking Suriname on 4 July 1995 and French and Haitian Creole speaking Haiti on 2 July 2002. As of 4 July 2002 there are fifteen full members of the Caribbean Community, four of which are founding members. In July 1999, Anguilla once again became involved with CARICOM when it gained associate membership. Before this, Anguilla had briefly been a part of CARICOM (1974–1980) as a constituent of the full member state of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla. The Bahamas had begun participating in the

This is a document about CARICOM Single Market and Economy
 for comprehensive procurement reform. One of the significant recommendations of the project was that the proposed regional and domestic public procurement legislative and policy reforms should be based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. Between April and June 2014, a consultancy conducted by Analysis Mason Ltd. was conducted in 13 Caricom countries (excepting Haiti and the Bahamas) and provided the CARICOM Secretariat and its Member States with the recommendations on the required Information Technology (IT) infrastructure for the establishment of a fully functioning Regional Integration Electronic Public Procurement System (RIEPPS). The new IT-based system is being proposed whereby businesses in Caricom

This is a document about Member states of the Caribbean Community
 British heritage. In November 2013, CARICOM announced that it would "suspend consideration of the request by the Dominican Republic for membership of the Caribbean Community" in response to a Dominican court ruling which revoked citizenship from tens of thousands, mostly descendants from illegal immigrants from Haiti. The French Republic extends to several islands in the Caribbean that are not associated with CARICOM, and are instead part of the European Union: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Martin, Saint Barthélemy and French Guiana. The CARICOM-DR-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) presently provides these areas with access to CARICOM markets. It was announced during summer of 2012

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
 is not independent) plus the Dominican Republic grouped under the Caribbean Forum or CARIFORUM sub-grouping of the ACP countries. At the end of the negotiations to establish the EPA (begun in 2002 and scheduled to end in 2007) and with the signing of the Agreement in October 2008 there will be a new Free Trade Agreement that will replace the Lomé system of preferential access to the European market for the ACP from 2008. CARICOM itself superseded the Caribbean Free Trade Association, which established a free trade agreement at the time among all of the current CARICOM members except Haiti,

This is a document about Caribbean Community
 CARICOM into the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy. Haiti's membership in CARICOM remained effectively suspended from 29 February 2004 through early June 2006 following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état and the removal of Jean-Bertrand Aristide from the presidency. CARICOM announced that no democratically elected government in CARICOM should have its leader deposed. The fourteen other heads of government sought to have Aristide fly from Africa to Jamaica and share his account of events with them, which infuriated the interim Haitian prime minister, Gérard Latortue, who announced he would take steps to take Haiti out of CARICOM. CARICOM thus voted

This is a document about CARICOM passport
 passports. These states are: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM members who have not yet issued the common passport are the Bahamas, Haiti, and Montserrat. As Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory, citizens of Montserrat became full citizens of the United Kingdom in 2002, and so a common passport is unlikely to be introduced for them. The CARICOM passport creates awareness that CARICOM nationals are nationals of the Community, as well as a specific country. The passports of all members

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
 Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM members yet to issue the common passports are Bahamas, Montserrat and Haiti. Citizens of Montserrat are citizens of the United Kingdom, so it is unlikely that the common passport will be introduced there. The CARICOM passport creates awareness that CARICOM nationals are nationals of the Community, as well as a specific country. On 1 March 1996, the CARICOM Agreement on Social Security was signed in Georgetown, Guyana and it came into effect on 1 April 1997. From that date

This is a document about Member states of the Caribbean Community
 full membership in CARICOM. The decision to admit Haiti raised a host of technical issues, including Haiti’s CARICOM dues, the extent to which French would also become an official language of CARICOM, and the extent to which existing CARICOM provisions allowing for the unfettered movement of member nationals would apply to Haiti. In the interim, Haiti was invited to participate in the deliberations of CARICOM’s organs and bodies. At the Twentieth Heads of Government meeting, in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, the Heads of Government and Haiti exchanged notes agreeing on the terms and conditions under which Haiti would accede to

This is a document about Member states of the Caribbean Community
 economy being almost as large as all the current CARICOM states combined and coupled with the Dominican Republic's checkered history of foreign policy solidarity with the CARICOM states, it is unclear whether the CARICOM states will unanimously vote to admit the Dominican Republic as a full member into the organisation. CARICOM has been working at great pains in trying to integrate with Haiti. It has been proposed that CARICOM may deepen ties with the Dominican Republic through the auspice of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) instead, which is an organisation that stops just short of the Single market and

This is a document about Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions
  authority itself was launched shortly after in July 2004. As of 2019, 13 CARICOM Member States have signed up to the Agreement on CAAM-HP and are participating territories: Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Participation is open to all other CARICOM Member States and Associate Member States according to the Agreement, with the British Virgin Islands becoming the first Associate Member to sign on to the Agreement on 18 February 2020 at the 31st Intersessional Meeting of the CARICOM Heads of Government. On

This is a document about CARIPASS
 Member states who have signed the treaty ; Antigua and Barbuda (12 March 2010) ; Grenada (12 March 2010) ; St. Kitts and Nevis (12 March 2010) ; Saint Lucia (11 March 2010) ; Trinidad and Tobago (12 March 2010) Member states who have acceded to the treaty ; Guyana (27 April 2010) Member states who have not yet signed the treaty ; Barbados ; Dominica ; Jamaica ; St. Vincent & the Grenadines In CARICOM, the introduction of any new system must be accompanied by relevant legislation. For CARIPASS, two pieces of legislation are required for the document to be recognised as a valid travel document, and to ensure the automatic gates are recognised as legitimate immigration checkpoints. These

This is a document about CARICOM Single Market and Economy
 🇻🇬 (July 1991) ; 🇹🇨 (July 1991) ; 🇦🇮 (July 1999) ;  (15 May 2002) ;  (2 July 2003) Current twelve full members of both CARICOM and the CSME: Of the twelve members expected to join the CSME, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were the first six to implement the CARICOM Single Market on 1 January 2006. Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines were the next batch of members (six in all) that joined the CSM on July 3, 2006 at the recent CARICOM Heads of Government Conference. Current

This is a document about Caribbean Community
  The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) throughout the Caribbean having primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973. Its major activities involve coordinating economic policies and development planning; devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction; operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market); and handling regional trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM is an official United Nations Observer beneficiary. CARICOM was established by the English-speaking parts of the Caribbean, and currently includes all

This is a document about International reactions to the 2020 United States presidential election
  🇬🇩 Grenada – Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (2013–present) ; 🇭🇹 Haiti – President Jovenel Moïse (2017–2021) ; 🇯🇲 Jamaica – Prime Minister Andrew Holness (2016–present) ; Kingdom of the Netherlands ; 🇦🇼 Aruba – Prime Minister Evelyn Wever-Croes (2017–present) ; 🇨🇼 Curaçao – Prime Minister Eugene Rhuggenaath (2017–present) ; Sint Maarten – Prime Minister Silveria Jacobs (2019–present) ; 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Prime Minister Timothy Harris (2015–present) ; 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia – Prime Minister Allen Chastanet (2016–present) ; 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (2001–present) ; 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago – Prime Minister Keith Rowley (2015–present)

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  Barbados, Belize, Dominica,Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. A result of the CARIFORUM-EU EPA's Regional Preference Clause is that allows for the first formal framework for economic integration between Haiti and the Dominican Republic as Haiti is not a part of the CARICOM-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement and there has been no previous free trade agreement between them. Thus all 15 of the current CARICOM member states and the Dominican Republic are now involved in at least one free trade arrangement which covers all 16 countries and territories in one way or another.

The latest additions to CARICOM are Haiti and Suriname, which joined in 2002 and 1975, respectively. However, if you are asking about the most recent expansion of CARICOM in terms of free trade agreements, then the Dominican Republic joined in 2005 through the Petrocaribe arrangement.


Question: who was the first public protector in south africa

Answer: Selby Baqwa

This is a document about Public Protector
 Public Protector South Africa's Public Protector is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution: The Public Protector, since October 2016, is Busisiwe Mkhwebane. She succeeded former Law Reform Commissioner and advocate, Thuli Madonsela who took up the post in October 2009. Madonsela succeeded Lawrence Mushwana, who took office on 15 October 2002. Selby Baqwa, Mushwana's predecessor, was the first person to hold that office from its inception in 1995. The office of the Public protector has been faced with harsh criticism by parliament

This is a document about Public Protector
 agencies to help fund the office. The executive management of the office of the Public Protector has held meetings with development partners from German, Japan and Belgium. Public Protector South Africa's Public Protector is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution: The Public Protector, since October 2016, is Busisiwe Mkhwebane. She succeeded former Law Reform Commissioner and advocate, Thuli Madonsela who took up the post in October 2009. Madonsela succeeded Lawrence Mushwana, who took office on 15 October 2002. Selby Baqwa, Mushwana's predecessor,

This is a document about Public Protector
  The first person to hold the office was Selby Baqwa, appointed on the inception of the office in 1995. He was succeeded in 2002 by Lawrence Mushwana and in 2009 by Thuli Madonsela. The current Public Protector, is Busisiwe Mkhwebane, in office since October 2016. The office of the Public protector has been faced with harsh criticism by parliament specifically by the majority party for requesting an increase of R200m in the budget allocation for additional resources. With the justice portfolio committee chairman Mathole Motshekga being critical of the budget and strategic presentation presented by Adv. Thuli Madonsela. During the budget speech

This is a document about Thuli Madonsela
  Madonsela was appointed Public Protector by President Jacob Zuma for a non-renewable seven-year term commencing 19 October 2009, with unanimous support from the multi-party National Assembly. At the announcement of her appointment, Zuma said Madonsela "will need to ensure that this office continues to be accessible to ordinary citizens and undertakes its work without fear or favour". Madonsela likens her role as Public Protector to the Venda chief's paternal aunt known as the makhadzi, a non-political figure who "gives the people a voice while giving the traditional leader a conscience". In 2012, she investigated "kickbacks" received by Julius Malema in the context of traffic department contracts given to external contractor On-Point Engineering.

This is a document about Public Protector
  The Public Protector is one of six State Institutions Supporting Democracy in South Africa. These institutions are independent of the government, subject only to South Africa's Constitution and the law, and report annually to Parliament.

This is a document about Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
  The first known person to provide protection to wildlife in the region was Zulu King Shaka, who prevented excessive hunting of game animals in the Umfolozi River valley in the early 19th century. However King Shaka used this area for his own hunting purposes and cannot be classed as a 'preservationist'. Voortrekkers, who entered the region now known as KwaZulu-Natal in the early 19th century, also had conservation policies. The Voortrekker leader Piet Retief had rules excluding the unnecessary shooting of game, and veld burning was strictly controlled. Zulu King Mpande is known to have afforded protection to the Ongoye Forest. He is also said to have issued an edict preventing the killing of large game animals. The Durban Botanic Garden was founded in 1859, and although founded

This is a document about Selby Baqwa
  Selby Baqwa was South Africa's Public Protector from 1995 to 2002 and Lawrence Mushwana took over the office.

This is a document about P. W. Botha
  Pieter Willem Botha, (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006), commonly known as P. W. and Die Groot Krokodil (The Big Crocodile), was a South African politician. He served as the last prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president of South Africa from 1984 to 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1948, Botha was an outspoken opponent of black majority rule and international communism. However, his administration did make concessions towards political reform, whereas internal unrest saw widespread human rights abuses at the hands of the government. Botha resigned as leader of the ruling

This is a document about Protector of Aborigines
  and to protect them from acts of cruelty, oppression and injustice. The Port Phillip Protectorate was established with George Augustus Robinson as chief protector and four full-time protectors. While the role was nominally to protect Aboriginal people, particularly in remote areas, the role included social control up to the point of controlling whom individuals were able to marry and where they lived and managing their financial affairs. A. O. Neville was a notable Protector in Western Australia. Matthew Moorhouse was the first Protector of Aborigines in South Australia. He led the Rufus River massacre, which slaughtered 30 to 40 Aboriginal people. The Aborigines Welfare Board in New South Wales was abolished in 1969. By then, all states and territories had repealed the legislation allowing for the removal of Aboriginal children under the policy of protection.

This is a document about Louis Botha
  Louis Botha (27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa—the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, he eventually fought to have South Africa become a British Dominion.

This is a document about Ombudsman
 Public Protector ; Auditor-General

This is a document about Lawrence Mushwana
  Adv Lawrence Mabendle Mushwana (born 3 March 1948) was the Public Protector of South Africa before advocate Thuli Madonsela succeeded him. Mushwana was appointed by President Thabo Mbeki from October 2002 until October 2009. Mushwana is a lawyer by profession with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Zululand. From 1972 to 1975 he worked as an interpreter at the Bushbuckridge Magistrate's Court. From 1992 until 2003 he worked as an attorney with Mushwana Attorneys. He is a member of the African National Congress, having served in the Limpopo Provincial Executive from 1994 to 2002, and in the National Executive from 1999 until 2002. From 1999 to 2002 he was also the Deputy Chair of the National Council of Provinces. He was appointed as the South African Public Protector in 2002 and at the end of his term in 2009 he left to chair the South African Human Rights Commission.

This is a document about Public Safety Act, 1953
  In 1953, the Public Safety Act was enacted by the apartheid South African government (coming into force 4 March). This Act empowered the government to declare stringent states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. This act was passed in response to civil disobedience campaigns by the African National Congress (ANC), in particular the Defiance Campaign of 1952 (instigated by ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu). The Act included a provision that empowered the government to declare a state of emergency in any or every part of the country (South West Africa included) and to rule by proclamation. Under Section 3, this power was granted to the Governor General (and later, the State President), and it effectively put

This is a document about Public Protector
 These institutions are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law. According to the Constitution, they must be impartial and must exercise their powers and perform their functions without fear, favour or prejudice. ; Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect these institutions to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of these institutions. ; No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of these institutions. ; These institutions are accountable to the National Assembly, and must report on their activities and the performance of their functions to the Assembly at least once a year. The Public Protector in South Africa is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution:

This is a document about History of Johannesburg
  to 700 have been made. In remembrance of these events, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa. A thirteen year old Black boy, Hector Pieterson, is the iconic first victim of police brutality, but Dr Melville Edelstein, who had devoted his life to social welfare among blacks, was soon forgotten. He was stoned to death by the mob and left with a sign around his neck proclaiming "Beware Afrikaners". Following the riots the government founded three community councils, namely Soweto proper, Dobsonville and Diepmeadow (the latter for the townships of Diepkloof and Meadowlands). When elections were

This is a document about South African Republic Police
  criminal acts while drunk led to urgent demands from the white community of Johannesburg that some means of policing the black community being created. To provide a means of controlling of the new city that had emerged on the highveld, the ZAR government created the ZARPs in September 1886 with a German immigrant, Karl Frederich von Brandis, being appointed the first police commissioner. In July 1887, Brandis reported to Pretoria that owning to the unregulated state of the brothels of Johannesburg that syphilis was reaching pandemic status, leading to him to ask for permission to intern the "sick whores" as he called them in a medical facility before more were infected. When there was no response,

This is a document about White South Africans
 Louis Botha, farmer, soldier, statesman; first Prime Minister of South Africa ; P. W. Botha, former State President of South Africa ; F. W. de Klerk, former State President of South Africa ; Marike de Klerk, former First Lady of South Africa, murdered in her home in 2001 ; Sir Patrick Duncan Governor-General at the start of the Second World War ; Ruth First, anti-apartheid activist and scholar ; Sir James Percy FitzPatrick, author, politician and businessman ; Derek Hanekom, Deputy Minister of Technology; prominent ANC member of Parliament ; Nicholas Haysom, Former legal adviser to Nelson Mandela, former United Nations Special Representative to Afghanistan ;

This is a document about South African Police
  The South African Police were the successors to the police forces of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal Colony in law enforcement in South Africa. Proclamation 18 formed the South African Police on 1 April 1913 with the amalgamation of the police forces of the four old colonies after the founding of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The first Commissioner of Police was Colonel Theo G Truter with 5,882 men under his command. The SAP originally policed cities and urban areas, while the South African Mounted Riflemen, a branch of the Union Defence Force, enforced

This is a document about Kaurna
  tribes. The Colonisation Commissioners had promised to protect the Aboriginal people and their property as well as making provision for their subsistence, education and advancement, with the post of Protector of Aborigines set up with this aim. William Wyatt was followed by the first official appointment in the role, Matthew Moorhouse, who held the post from 1839 to 1856. He reported in 1840 that many Kaurna were friendly and helpful, and that by 1840, about 150 spoke at least some English. Many Kaurna men, such as Mullawirraburka ("King John") and Kadlitpinna ("Captain Jack") helped the police and new settlers, also sharing their language, culture and

The first Public Protector in South Africa was Thuli Madonsela, who took office in October 2009.


Question: who sang last night by the traveling wilburys

Answer: Petty

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
 June 12, 2007, "Volume One" and "Vol. 3" were reissued by Rhino Records as "The Traveling Wilburys Collection", packaged together with bonus tracks and a DVD. The box set debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 9 on the US "Billboard" 200. Traveling Wilburys Additional personnel Production Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by the British-American supergroup Traveling Wilburys, comprising George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. It was released in October 1988 to commercial success and critical acclaim. Although Harrison had long planned

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3
 ownership of his Dark Horse Records catalog and the two Wilburys albums reverted to him, and the albums went out of print. On June 12, 2007, "Vol. 1" and "Vol. 3" were reissued by Rhino Records as "The Traveling Wilburys Collection", packaged together with bonus tracks and a DVD. Additional personnel } Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 is the second and final studio album by the Traveling Wilburys, a group consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. It was released in October 29, 1990 as the follow-up to their 1988 debut, "Traveling Wilburys

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3
 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 is the second and final studio album by the Traveling Wilburys, a group consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty. It was released in October 29, 1990 as the follow-up to their 1988 debut, "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1". The band members again adopted pseudonyms for their contributions, using new names from the fictitious Wilbury brothers. Though it was their second release, the album was mischievously titled "Vol. 3" by George Harrison. According to Jeff Lynne, "That was George's idea. He said, 'Let's confuse the buggers.'" As the dynamics

This is a document about She's My Baby (Traveling Wilburys song)
 music video for the single, which was directed by David Leland and produced by Limelight Films. The clip shows the four Wilburys and drummer Jim Keltner performing the track and a snippet of Dylan riding a bike on the set. Additional musicians She's My Baby (Traveling Wilburys song) "She's My Baby" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys and the opening track of their 1990 album "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3". The song was written by all four members of the band – George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty – and each of them sing

This is a document about End of the Line (Traveling Wilburys song)
 End of the Line (Traveling Wilburys song) "End of the Line" is a song by the British-American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys. Released in October 1988, it was the final track on their debut album, "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1". It was also issued as the band's second single, in January 1989. The recording features all the Wilburys except Bob Dylan as lead singers: George Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Roy Orbison sing the choruses in turn, while Tom Petty sings the verses. The song was mainly written by Harrison and was assigned to his publishing company, Umlaut Corporation. In keeping with the

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
 Traveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album "Cloud Nine", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, "Handle with Care", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to record a full album, titled "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1". Following Orbison's death in December 1988,

This is a document about She's My Baby (Traveling Wilburys song)
 She's My Baby (Traveling Wilburys song) "She's My Baby" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys and the opening track of their 1990 album "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3". The song was written by all four members of the band – George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty – and each of them sing a portion of the track. The song was released as the first single from the album, although it was only issued as a promotional single in the United States. The lead guitar part is played by Gary Moore. The band filmed a

This is a document about Electric Light Orchestra
 "Johnny B. Goode". ELO's last performance for several years occurred on 13 July 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany playing as opening act to Rod Stewart. ELO effectively disbanded after that final show in Stuttgart in 1986, but there was no announcement made of it for the next two years, during which George Harrison's Lynne-produced album "Cloud Nine" and the pair's follow-up (with Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty as Traveling Wilburys) "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1" were released. Bevan (under an agreement with Lynne who co-owned the ELO name with him) continued on in 1989 as ELO Part II, initially with

This is a document about Inside Out (Traveling Wilburys song)
 of pop-rocking" typical of "Vol. 3" and that, when played next to "Vol. 1", "you can't hear the join." Inside Out (Traveling Wilburys song) "Inside Out" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys from their 1990 album "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3". It was written by all the members of the band, which had been reduced to a foursome following the death of Roy Orbison in December 1988, and it was the first song they worked on for the album. The lyrics address environmental issues and describe a world turned yellow. Recording for the track began at a

This is a document about Inside Out (Traveling Wilburys song)
 Inside Out (Traveling Wilburys song) "Inside Out" is a song by the British–American supergroup the Traveling Wilburys from their 1990 album "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3". It was written by all the members of the band, which had been reduced to a foursome following the death of Roy Orbison in December 1988, and it was the first song they worked on for the album. The lyrics address environmental issues and describe a world turned yellow. Recording for the track began at a private studio in Bel Air in Los Angeles, in April 1990, and was completed three months later at George

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by the British-American supergroup Traveling Wilburys, comprising George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. It was released in October 1988 to commercial success and critical acclaim. Although Harrison had long planned to start such a band, the project came about through happenstance. Harrison was in Los Angeles and in need of a B-side for a single from his "Cloud Nine" album, which resulted in the participants collaborating informally on the song "Handle with Care" at Dylan's home. Adopting alter egos as the

This is a document about Handle with Care (song)
 her debut solo album, "Rabbit Fur Coat", recorded with the Watson Twins, Ben Gibbard, Conor Oberst and M. Ward.<ref name="Gill/Independent"></ref> While Andy Gill of "The Independent" said that the confident performance by Lewis and her collaborators "ensures that even a cover as unhip as The Traveling Wilburys' 'Handle With Care' sounds engaging", Will Levith of "Ultimate Classic Rock" dismissed it as a "terrible" version that resembled a "boozy, late-night karaoke" rendition next to the superlative performances of Harrison and Orbison on the Wilburys' "classic". Writing in March 2007, after the announcement that the long-unavailable Wilburys' catalogue was about to be

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
 Over Again" contained a greeting that read "Merry Christmas from Nelson and Pee Wee Wilbury." Traveling Wilburys The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album "Cloud Nine", the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, "Handle with Care", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
 a limited edition fine-bound book titled "The Traveling Wilburys". Compiled by Olivia Harrison, the book includes rare photographs, recording notes, handwritten lyrics, sketches, and first-hand commentary on the band's history, together with a foreword by Lynne. Petty, Lynne, Olivia Harrison, Barbara Orbison, Keltner and Idle were among those who attended the US launch at a Beverly Hills bookshop in March 2010. In an interview to publicise the book, Lynne expressed his sadness at the deaths of Harrison and Orbison, and reflected: "The Wilburys was such a wonderful band, such a marvellous thing to be part of. They were the best

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
 "This wonderful potpourri of stars reintroduced 'having a good time' to their vocabulary and the result was not a Harrison solo album but the superb debut of the Traveling Wilburys. The outing proved to be a major success, bringing out the best of each artist; in particular, this [album] proved to be the marvellous swan song for Roy Orbison who tragically died soon afterwards." After Harrison’s distribution deal with Warner Bros. expired in 1995, ownership of the Dark Horse Records catalog as well as the two Traveling Wilburys albums reverted to Harrison and the albums went out of print. On

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
 Harrison presented the recording to Mo Ostin and Lenny Waronker of Warner Bros., the executives insisted that the song was too good to be used as a B-side. In Petty's recollection, Harrison and Lynne then decided to realise their idea of forming a Wilburys band, and first invited him to join before phoning Dylan, who also agreed to join. That night, Harrison, Lynne and Petty drove to Anaheim to see Orbison perform at the Celebrity Theatre and recruited him for the group shortly before he went on stage. In Petty's description, Orbison performed an "unbelievable show", during which "we'd punch

This is a document about Tom Petty
 Me Up (I've Had Enough)" which includes "Jammin' Me" which Petty wrote with Dylan. In 1988, Petty joined George Harrison's group, the Traveling Wilburys, which also included Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Jeff Lynne. The band's first song, "Handle with Care", was intended as a B-side of one of Harrison's singles, but was judged too good for that purpose and the group decided to record a full album, "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1". A second Wilburys album, mischievously titled "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3" and recorded without the recently deceased Orbison, followed in 1990. The album was named "Vol. 3" as a

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
 producing the sessions with Lynne that spring. Petty subsequently signed to Warner Bros. himself as a solo artist, and one of the company's subsidiaries, Reprise Records, released Lynne's solo album "Armchair Theatre" in 1990. According to statements by Harrison in the documentary "The True History of the Traveling Wilburys" (filmed in 1988 about the making of the album and re-released on the bonus DVD included in "The Traveling Wilburys Collection"), the whole band gave various contributions to all songs, although each song was mainly written by a single member; the joint songwriting credit came from the fact that giving individualized

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
 March 1990, Harrison, Lynne, Petty and Dylan reunited to work on a second Wilburys album, which they intentionally misnumbered "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3". It was preceded by a non-album single, a cover of "Nobody's Child", which the band recorded for Olivia Harrison's Romanian Angel Appeal charity project. The duration of the main album sessions was again dictated by Dylan's touring schedule and limited availability. Having asked Dylan to record a lead vocal for all the songs before his departure, Harrison was then loath to replace many of the parts, resulting in a greater prominence for Dylan as a lead singer.

The Traveling Wilburys did not sing a song titled "Who Sang Last Night." The Traveling Wilburys were a supergroup consisting of George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, and Roy Orbison. They released three studio albums: "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1" (1988), "Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3" (1990), and "The Traveling Wilburys Collection" (2007). The song "She's My Baby" is one of their well-known tracks.


Question: who was the joker before becoming the joker

Answer: Red Hood

This is a document about Joker (character)
 him before making his announcement and Claridge dies with a ghastly grin on his face; Batman eventually defeats him, sending him to prison. The Joker commits whimsical, brutal crimes for reasons that, in Batman's words, "make sense to him alone". "Detective Comics" #168 (1951) introduced the Joker's first origin story as Red Hood: a criminal who, during his final heist, vanishes after leaping into a vat of chemicals to escape Batman. His resulting disfigurement led him to adopt the name "Joker", from the playing card figure he came to resemble. The Joker's Silver-Age transformation into a figure of fun was

This is a document about Batman: Death of the Family
 for concealing such a possibility. Later, Batman interrogates an Arkham guard, who admits that Joker is waiting for him at the asylum. As he ventures into the asylum, his internal dialogue reveals that the movements he had previously seen in Joker's eyes when they met indicated love. In the backup story, Joker is shown to have taken over the asylum and meeting with the institutionalized Riddler. In "Batman" #16, Batman encounters Mr. Freeze, Scarecrow and Clayface. Batman finds Joker with Two-Face, Riddler and Penguin, but before he can stop them, Joker shows him video of Nightwing, Robin, Red Hood, Batgirl,

This is a document about Joker (character)
 The most common interpretation of the character is that he is disguised as the criminal Red Hood, and pursued by Batman. The Joker falls into a vat of chemicals which bleaches his skin, colors his hair green and his lips red, and drives him insane. The reasons why the Joker was disguised as the Red Hood, and his identity before his transformation have changed over time. The character was introduced in "Batman" #1 (1940), in which he announces that he will kill three of Gotham's prominent citizens (including Mayor Henry Claridge). Although the police protect Claridge, the Joker had poisoned

This is a document about Joker (character)
 basis for the most often-cited origin tale, Moore's one-shot "The Killing Joke". The Joker quits his job as a Lab assistant, becoming a stand-up comedian to support his pregnant wife. Unsuccessful, he agrees to help mobsters with a robbery and dons the Red Hood. The heist goes awry; the comedian leaps into a chemical vat to escape Batman, surfacing disfigured. This, combined with the earlier accidental death of his wife and unborn child, drives the comedian insane and he becomes the Joker. This version has been cited in many stories, including "" (in which Batman deduces that the Red Hood

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker has undergone many revisions since his 1940 debut. The most common interpretation of the character is that of a man who, while disguised as the criminal Red Hood, is pursued by Batman and falls into a vat of chemicals that bleaches his skin, colors his hair green and his lips red, and drives him insane. The reasons why the Joker was disguised as the Red Hood and his identity before his transformation have changed over time. The character was introduced in Batman #1 (1940), in which he announces that he will kill three of Gotham's prominent citizens (including Henry Claridge). Although

This is a document about Joker (character)
  the late 1950s in response to regulation by the Comics Code Authority, before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s. As Batman's nemesis, the Joker has been part of the superhero's defining stories, including the murder of Jason Todd—the second Robin and Batman's ward—and the paralysis of one of Batman's allies, Barbara Gordon. The Joker has had various possible origin stories during his decades of appearances. The most common story involves him falling into a tank of chemical waste that bleaches his skin white and turns his hair green and lips bright red; the resulting disfigurement drives him insane. The antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance, the Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary. The Joker possesses no

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The Joker was created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson, and first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman on April 25, 1940. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero Batman. In his comic book appearances, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind. Introduced as a psychopath with a warped, sadistic sense of humor, the character became a goofy prankster

This is a document about Joker (character)
  police protect Claridge, the Joker had poisoned him before making his announcement and Claridge dies with a ghastly grin on his face; Batman eventually defeats him, sending him to prison. The Joker commits whimsical, brutal crimes for reasons that, in Batman's words, "make sense to him alone". Detective Comics #168 (1951) introduced the Joker's first origin story as Red Hood: a criminal who, during his final heist, vanishes after leaping into a vat of chemicals to escape Batman. His resulting disfigurement led him to adopt the name "Joker", from the playing card figure he came to resemble. The Joker's Silver Age transformation into

This is a document about Joker (character)
  Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson are credited with creating the Joker, but their accounts of the character's conception differ, each providing his own version of events. Finger's, Kane's, and Robinson's versions acknowledge that Finger produced an image of actor Conrad Veidt in character as Gwynplaine (a man with a disfigured face, giving him a perpetual grin) in the 1928 film The Man Who Laughs as an inspiration for the Joker's appearance, and Robinson produced a sketch of a joker playing card. Robinson claimed that it was his 1940 card sketch that served as the character's concept, and that Finger associated with Veidt's portrayal. Kane hired the 17-year-old Robinson as

This is a document about Batman: The Animated Series
  heavily patterned after the success and influential tone of Tim Burton's film. However, when The New Batman Adventures began, during the era of Joel Schumacher's films, Joker's origin was retained but his identity was retconned as being merely one of many aliases as seen in the episode "Beware the Creeper", meaning his true identity is still unknown. This reflected the efforts of the writers to put the character back in line with his conflicting multiple origins from the comics. In Mask of the Phantasm, the man who would become the Joker started out as a chauffeur and hitman for mobsters Salvatore Valestra, Buzz Bronski and Chuckie Sol. On two separate occasions, he saw Bruce Wayne and the two exchanged

This is a document about Red Hood
  The Red Hood first appeared in Detective Comics #168 (February 1951), in the story "The Man Behind The Red Hood!". In this original continuity, he became the future Joker; a flashback reveals that a criminal, who at that time called himself the Red Hood after the (seemingly) eyeless red dome-shaped hood worn by him, attempted to rob a playing card factory. While chased, he fell into a catch basin full of chemicals, which disfigured him, then escaped by swimming to safety (a breathing apparatus inside the hood preventing him from drowning). Driven insane by his change of appearance, he recreates himself as the Joker. A decade later, the Joker resumes the guise,

This is a document about Joker (character)
  his heist is thwarted by Batman, emerging with bleached white skin, red lips, green hair and a permanent grin. This story was the basis for the most often-cited origin tale, Moore's one-shot The Killing Joke. The Joker quits his job as a lab assistant, becoming a stand-up comedian to support his pregnant wife. Unsuccessful, he agrees to help mobsters with a robbery and becomes the Red Hood. The heist goes awry; the comedian leaps into a chemical vat to escape Batman, surfacing disfigured. This, combined with the earlier accidental death of his wife and unborn child, drives the comedian insane and he becomes the Joker. This version has

This is a document about Red Hood
  another criminal attempts to adopt the identity, too. In Batman: The Killing Joke, writer Alan Moore added the new detail that the future Joker, at that time a cash-strapped, unsuccessful comedian, had been made to adopt the Red Hood guise by a gang of criminals so that he could play the patsy for them. This story presented a darker version of the origin and introduced the idea that the Joker acted as an unreliable narrator concerning his own past. A retcon appears between the Batman #450–451 story line The Return of the Joker and the one-shot graphic novel Batman: The Man Who Laughs. In The Return of the Joker, the Joker

This is a document about Joker (character)
  Renowned as Batman's greatest enemy,   the Joker is known by a number of nicknames, including the Clown Prince of Crime, the Harlequin of Hate, the Ace of Knaves, and the Jester of Genocide. During the evolution of the DC Universe, interpretations and versions of the Joker have taken two main forms. The original, dominant image is that of an extreme psychopath, with genius-level intelligence and a warped, sadistic sense of humor. The other version, popular in comic books from the late 1940s to the 1960s and in the 1960s television series, is an eccentric, harmless prankster and thief. Like other long-lived characters, the Joker's character and cultural interpretations have changed with time; however, unlike other characters who may need to reconcile or ignore previous versions to make sense, more than any other

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker debuted in Batman #1 (April 1940) as the eponymous character's first villain, about a year after Batman's debut in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939). The Joker initially appeared as a remorseless serial killer and jewel thief, modeled after a joker playing card with a mirthless grin, who killed his victims with "Joker venom," a toxin that left their faces smiling grotesquely. The character was intended to be killed in his second appearance in Batman #1, after being stabbed in the heart. Finger wanted the Joker to die because of his concern that recurring villains would make Batman appear inept, but was overruled by then-editor Whitney Ellsworth; a hastily drawn panel, indicating that the Joker was still alive, was added to the comic. The Joker

This is a document about Characters of the DC Extended Universe
  The Joker (portrayed by Jared Leto) is the archenemy of Batman, the ex-boyfriend of Harley Quinn, and a ruthless crime lord in Gotham City. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice alludes to Joker murdering Batman's protégé Dick Grayson prior to the events of the movie. Joker first meets Harley, then a budding psychiatrist named Dr. Harleen Quinzel, while imprisoned during a flashback seen in Suicide Squad. She falls madly in love with him and goes great lengths to be with him after he escapes prison, and the two begin to terrorize Gotham City as its most notorious criminals. After Harley

This is a document about Carmine Falcone
  offering to parlay with them in a meeting at their restaurant, only to have gunmen shoot up the building. The few survivors fled to Bludhaven, leaving the Falcones in charge of Gotham's underworld. One of Hugo Strange's interview tapes reveals that the Falcone family gave the man who would become the Joker the Red Hood costume he wore during his fateful first encounter with Batman. Another tape reveals that Harvey Dent, during his time as District Attorney, prosecuted a Falcone family soldier who scarred him with acid, turning him into Two-Face. A boat can be found while searching Amusement Mile,

This is a document about Joker (character)
  previous selves to consciously create a new personality, effectively modifying himself for his needs. The Killing Joke (in which the Joker is the unreliable narrator) explains the roots of his insanity as "one bad day": losing his wife and unborn child and being disfigured by chemicals, paralleling Batman's origin in the loss of his parents. He tries (and fails) to prove that anyone can become like him after one bad day by torturing Commissioner Gordon, physically and psychologically. Batman offers to rehabilitate his foe; the Joker apologetically declines, believing it too late for him to be saved. Other interpretations show that the Joker is fully aware of

This is a document about Batman: The Killing Joke
  Critic Mark Vogler wrote that The Killing Joke provided the Joker "with a sympathetic back story as it presented some of the villain's most vile offenses". Moore's rendition of the Joker's origin employs elements of the 1951 story "The Man Behind the Red Hood" (Detective Comics #168), which established the concept of the Joker originally having been a thief known only as the Red Hood. The tragic and human elements of the character's story, coupled with his barbaric crimes as the Joker, portray the character as more of a three-dimensional human being. During an interview with Salon, Moore explained that the Joker's psychotic nature could have been caused by a "bad decision" in his life. Much of the Joker's backstory from The Killing Joke is also referred to in 2004's "Pushback" (Batman: Gotham Knights #50-55; reprinted with #66 as Batman: Hush Returns), in which the events are observed and reported by the Riddler, who recounts that the pregnant wife of the pre-accident Joker, who is called "Jack" prior to his accident, was kidnapped and murdered by the criminals in order to force his compliance.

Before becoming the Joker, the character went by the name Red Hood. He was a criminal who fell into a vat of chemicals during a botched robbery, causing him to adopt the name Joker due to the disfiguring effects of the chemicals.