Question: when was the last time the us had a budget surplus

Answer: 2001

This is a document about History of the United States public debt
 the reasons for improvement of the fiscal situation in 1990s, Bartlett was highly critical of George W. Bush for creating budget deficits by reducing tax rates and increasing spending in the early 2000s. Public debt is the cumulative result of budget deficits; that is, government spending exceeding revenues. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the United States last had a budget surplus during fiscal year 2001. From fiscal years 2001 to 2009, spending increased by 6.5% of gross domestic product (from 18.2% to 24.7%) while taxes declined by 4.7% of GDP (from 19.5% to 14.8%). Spending increases (expressed as percentage

This is a document about MTR Corporation
 was increased to 1.15 billion due to high demand. On 5 October 2000, the company was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange with 600,000 shareholders. In June 2001, MTR was added to the Hang Seng Index. At the time of the initial public offering, the company was operating with a budget surplus of HK$360 million ($46.1 million), which had increased from a surplus of HK$278 million ($35.6 million) in 1997. The MTR has continued to be one of the few profitable public transport systems in the world. There had been some discussion of merging the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC),

This is a document about PAYGO
 Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003), and the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act. The White House acknowledged that the new Medicare prescription drug benefit plan would not meet the PAYGO requirements: After the expiration of PAYGO, budget deficits returned. The federal surplus shrank from $236.2 billion in 2000 to $128.2 billion in 2001, then a $157.8 billion deficit in 2002—the last year statutory PAYGO was in effect. The budget deficit increased to $377.6 billion in 2003 and $412.7 billion in 2004. The federal budget deficit excluding trust funds was $537.3 billion in FY2006. In the first 6 years

This is a document about Balanced budget amendment
 through FY 2001. During the Clinton administration, there was an official surplus of $419 billion during fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. However, it has been argued that this official balanced budget only constituted a surplus in the public debt (or "on-budget"), in which the Treasury Department borrowed increased tax revenue from intragovernmental debt (namely the Social Security Trust Fund), thus adding more interest on Treasury bonds. In effect, the four year alleged 'surplus' was only in public debt holdings, while the National Debt Outstanding increased every fiscal year, the lowest being a $17.9 billion deficit in FY2000. Meanwhile,

This is a document about History of the Republic of Ireland
 in the world (behind Switzerland) with 10 percent of the population born abroad. The population grew to an all-time high for the state of about 4.5 million. By 2000 Ireland had a substantial budget surplus and the first decade of the new millennium also saw a significant expansion of public spending on infrastructure and social services. As against this, several state-run industries were also privatised – Eircom for instance. In 2002, Irish national debt was 32% of GNP and fell further until 2007. The Celtic Tiger started in the mid-1990s and boomed until 2001, when it slowed down, only to

This is a document about Georgia (country)
 series of reforms aimed at improving tax collection. Among other things a flat income tax was introduced in 2004. As a result, budget revenues have increased fourfold and a once large budget deficit has turned into surplus. As of 2001, 54 percent of the population lived below the national poverty line but by 2006 poverty decreased to 34 percent, by 2015 it is 10.1 percent. In 2015, the average monthly income of a household was 1,022.3₾ (about $426). 2015 calculations place Georgia's nominal GDP at US$13.98 billion. Georgia's economy is becoming more devoted to services (, representing 68.3 percent of

This is a document about Deficit reduction in the United States
  is "unsustainable." Further, CBO reported that high levels of debt relative to GDP may pose significant risks to economic growth and the ability of lawmakers to respond to crises. These risks can be addressed by higher taxes, reduced spending, or combination of both. The U.S. reported budget surpluses in only four years between 1970-2020, during fiscal years 1998-2001, the last four years budgeted by President Bill Clinton. The Clinton surpluses were due to a combination of a booming economy, higher taxes on the rich implemented in 1993, defense spending restraint, and capital gains tax revenues due to a stock market bubble. CBO estimated in April 2018 that the national debt would increase between

This is a document about Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993
  Combined with a strong economy, the 1993 deficit reduction plan produced smaller budget deficits each year. In 1998, the federal government experienced the first budget surplus since the 1960s. Reflecting the perceived importance of the budget surplus, the New York Times described the end of budget deficits as "the fiscal equivalent of the fall of the Berlin Wall."

This is a document about National debt of the United States
  are considered "on-budget". The total federal deficit is the sum of the on-budget deficit (or surplus) and the off-budget deficit (or surplus). Since FY1960, the federal government has run on-budget deficits except for FY1999 and FY2000, and total federal deficits except in FY1969 and FY1998–FY2001. For example, in January 2009 the CBO reported that for FY2008, the "on-budget deficit" was $638 billion, offset by an "off-budget surplus" (mainly due to Social Security revenue in excess of payouts) of $183 billion, for a "total deficit" of $455 billion. This latter figure is the one commonly reported in the media. However, an additional $313 billion was required for

This is a document about 2017 United States federal budget
  The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Funding for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs was enacted on September 29, 2016 as part of the Continuing Appropriations and Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017, and Zika Response and Preparedness Act. The remaining funding was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, enacted on May 5, 2017.

This is a document about Economic policy of the Bill Clinton administration
 He had budget surpluses for fiscal years 1998–2001, the only such years from 1970 to 2018. Clinton's final four budgets were balanced budgets with surpluses, beginning with the 1997 budget. ; The ratio of debt held by the public to GDP, a primary measure of U.S. federal debt, fell from 47.8% in 1993 to 33.6% by 2000. Debt held by the public was actually paid down by $453 billion over the 1998-2001 periods, the only time this happened between 1970 and 2018. ; Federal spending fell from 20.7% GDP in 1993 to 17.6% GDP in 2000, below the historical average (1966 to 2015) of 20.2% GDP. ; Tax revenues rose steadily from 17.0% GDP in 1993 to 20.0% GDP

This is a document about 2013 United States federal budget
  The 2013 United States federal budget is the budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year 2013, which began on October 1, 2012 and ended on September 30, 2013. The original spending request was issued by President Barack Obama in February 2012. The Budget Control Act of 2011 mandates caps on discretionary spending, which under current law will be lowered beginning in January 2013 to remove $1.2 trillion of spending over the following ten years. In addition, several temporary tax cuts were scheduled to expire at the beginning of the 2013 calendar year, including the 2001 and 2003 Bush tax cuts on income, capital gains, and estate tax, which had been extended in a 2010 tax deal,

This is a document about Fiscal policy of the United States
  every fiscal year (the lowest deficit in FY 2000 was $17.9 Billion)      However, after a combination of the dot-com bubble burst, the September 11 attacks, a dramatic increase in government spending (primarily in defense for military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq) and a $1.35 trillion tax cut, the budget returned to a deficit basis. The budget went from a $236 billion surplus in fiscal year 2000 to a $413 billion deficit in fiscal year 2004. In fiscal year 2005, the deficit began to shrink due to a sharp increase in tax revenue. By 2007, the deficit was reduced to $161 billion; less than half of what

This is a document about History of the United States public debt
   According to the Congressional Budget Office, the United States last had a budget surplus during fiscal year 2001. From fiscal years 2001 to 2009, spending increased by 6.5% of gross domestic product (from 18.2% to 24.7%) while taxes declined by 4.7% of GDP (from 19.5% to 14.8%). Spending increases (expressed as percentage of GDP) were in the following areas: Medicare and Medicaid (1.7%), defense (1.6%), income security such as unemployment benefits and food stamps (1.4%), Social Security (0.6%) and all other categories (1.2%). Revenue reductions were individual income taxes (−3.3%), payroll taxes (−0.5%), corporate income taxes (−0.5%) and other (−0.4%). The 2009 spending level was the highest relative to GDP in 40 years, while the tax receipts were the lowest relative to GDP in 40 years. The next highest spending year was 1985 (22.8%), while the next lowest tax year was 2004 (16.1%).

This is a document about National debt of the United States
  In 2009 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that the United States was on a "fiscally unsustainable" path because of projected future increases in Medicare and Social Security spending. According to the Treasury report in October 2018, summarized by Business Insider's Bob Bryan, the U.S. federal budget deficit rose as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017 and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 signed into law on March 23, 2018.

This is a document about 2006 United States federal budget
  The 2006 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2005 – September 30, 2006. The requested budget was submitted to the 109th Congress on February 7, 2005. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as several appropriations bills enacted between August 2 and December 30, 2005. As of 2018, this is the last fiscal year to be funded without the use of an omnibus spending bill or full-year continuing resolution.

This is a document about 2018 United States federal budget
  The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2018, which ran from October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018, was named America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again. It was the first budget proposed by newly elected president Donald Trump, submitted to the 115th Congress on March 16, 2017. The government was initially funded through a series of five temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, enacted on March 23, 2018.

This is a document about 1999 United States federal budget
  The Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 1999 (FY99) was a spending request by President Bill Clinton to fund government operations for October 1998–September 1999. It was the first balanced Federal budget in 30 years. In FY99, revenues were 1.82 trillion dollars. Spending was 1.70 trillion dollars, the surplus was $124 billion, and the GDP was 9.2 trillion.

This is a document about 2016 United States federal budget
  The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, enacted on December 18, 2015.

The last time the United States had a budget surplus was during fiscal year 2001.


Question: when did the last season of jersey shore air

Answer: December 20 , 2012

This is a document about Jersey Shore (TV series)
 unrelated production companies focused on groups of friends in other locations or of specific ethnicities. Few made it to series. Jersey Shore (TV series) Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009 to December 20, 2012 in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates who spend their summer together at a vacation home: in Seaside Heights, New Jersey in seasons one, three, five and six, and in South Beach, Florida and Florence, Italy in seasons two and four, respectively. The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of

This is a document about List of Jersey Shore episodes
  On March 19, 2012, MTV confirmed that the series would return for a sixth season at Seaside Heights, with the whole cast returning. Snooki, being pregnant, lived next door to the shore house. On August 30, 2012 it was confirmed that Season 6 would be the final season of the show. Jersey Shore Season 6: The Uncensored Final Season was released on DVD, March 19, 2013.

This is a document about List of Jersey Shore episodes
  Jersey Shore was renewed for a fifth season. Filming started weeks after their return from Italy, June 27, 2011 and ended August 1, 2011. It premiered on January 5, 2012 and follows the cast returning to Seaside Heights, New Jersey after spending the fourth season in Italy.

This is a document about List of Jersey Shore episodes
  MTV renewed Jersey Shore for a fourth season on January 24, 2011. It was the first to be shot overseas, this time following the cast in Florence, Italy. Filming went from May to June 20, 2011 and the fourth season premiered on August 4, 2011. The fourth season aired for 12 episodes and finished airing on October 20, 2011.

This is a document about Jersey Shore: Family Vacation
  Jersey Shore: Family Vacation is an American reality television series that premiered globally, April 5, 2018 on MTV. The first season of the series follows seven housemates from the original Jersey Shore as they spend a month on vacation together in Miami, Florida. On September 2, 2021, the series was renewed for a fifth season. The season will premiere on January 6, 2022.

This is a document about Jersey Shore (TV series)
  Giancola, and Vincenzo Guadagnino at the Jersey Shore. Jersey Shore premiered on December 3, 2009, with back-to-back episodes, averaging 1.375 million viewers. Although the initial ratings were considered unimpressive to Salsano, they slowly grew in popularity, and was the subject of parody on Saturday Night Live after the third week, a turnaround that MTV executive Tony DiSanto calls "the fastest 0 to 60 I've ever seen on a show". Season 1 posted strong growth every week and ranked #1 in its time period versus all cable competition among P12–34 (people 12 to 34 years old) during the first quarter of 2010, with a

This is a document about Jersey Shore: Family Vacation
  On November 27, 2017, MTV announced that the cast (with the exception of Sammi Giancola) would be reuniting in Miami, Florida, for a new reunion season titled Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. The series premiered globally in nearly 180 countries on April 5, 2018. Most of production took place in Miami, with some additional filming in parts of New Jersey, Staten Island, and Las Vegas. This season also featured a trip to Resorts World Bimini, located in The Bahamas. On February 28, 2018, a second season was ordered ahead of the series premiere. The second season premiered on August 23, 2018 and began with a vacation

This is a document about Jersey Shore (TV series)
  '' Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009, to December 20, 2012, in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates at a vacation home: in Seaside Heights, New Jersey in seasons one, three, five and six, South Beach, Florida in season two and Florence, Italy in season four, respectively. The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of the terms "Guido/Guidette", its portrayal of Italian-Americans and allegations of perpetuating stereotypes, as well as criticism from locals that the cast members were not residents of the area. (Most were from New York, and at least two of them were not Italian). The show became a pop culture phenomenon, with classes and conferences at universities about

This is a document about List of Jersey Shore episodes
  For the first quarter of 2010, season 1 of Jersey Shore was the highest-rated original cable series among 12- to 34-year-olds, with a season-high 2.6 rating for the finale. The season also ranked #1 for its time period versus all cable competition among 12- to 34-year-olds. The season finale was MTV's highest-rated original series telecast in almost two years. Overall, the season averaged 2.7 million viewers. The season featured five special episodes, including a half-hour show titled Jersey Shore: After Hours hosted by Julissa Bermudez which aired occasionally after select episodes featuring cast members discussing the week's episode. undefined Episodes 1.01 and 1.02 premiered back-to-back. undefined Episodes 1.07 and 1.08 aired back-to-back.

This is a document about A Double Shot at Love
  In January 2019, MTV revived the show to now star Jersey Shore personalities Pauly D and Vinny Guadagnino. The revival premiered on April 11, 2019.

This is a document about Marathon (media)
  viable way of rerunning reality television contests, which have otherwise been relatively difficult to rerun in traditional forms (e.g. daily "strip" syndication) because of the loss of the element of surprise. In December 2012, MTV announced that it would air a seven-day (168-hour) marathon of Jersey Shore before the series finale on December 20, 2012; this marked one of the longest marathons in television history. It has been speculated in the early 2010s that marathon television viewing or binge-watching, usually done on-demand by ordering a whole season of episodes of a television series on a service such as Netflix, is increasing

This is a document about What Would You Do? (season 6)
  On May 15, 2012, ABC renewed the show for a sixth season. The season was said to feature a Jersey Shore themed episode, and guest appearances from Barbara Corcoran, Howie Mandel, and Meredith Vieira.

This is a document about List of Jersey Shore episodes
  Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009 to December 20, 2012 in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates: Jenni Farley, Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino, Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi, Paul "Pauly D" DelVecchio, Ronnie Ortiz-Magro, Sammi Giancola, Vinny Guadagnino, Deena Nicole Cortese (seasons 3–6), and Angelina Pivarnick (seasons 1–2). The first season had five special episodes, with some airing after select episodes. Several after-hours specials have aired on MTV following select episodes along with various specials. The end of each season has been accompanied by a reunion show. Also a number of after-show internet specials titled "Jersey Shore: Hook-Up" hosted by Kenny Santucci have been released on MTV.com after select episodes. Additionally, there have been a number of internet specials exclusively on MTV.com.

This is a document about List of television series canceled before airing an episode
  Jersey Shore's show-set residence. The concept of a Staten Island-based reality program was revisited by MTV at the start of 2019 with Made in Staten Island. However, that project would air only three episodes on the network in January 2019 before being pulled due to low ratings and general criticism of a focus on younger people in the show with possible organized crime/mob ties, which MTV exploited with a Sopranos-inspired launch campaign; some of that cast would be involved in another series, Families of the Mafia, meant to take a less confrontational view of Mob families in general; that series would air all six of its episode in the spring of 2020.

This is a document about Reunion Road Trip
  Reunion Road Trip is a docuseries on the E! network, documenting the reunions of several casts from different television shows as they reconnect and reflect on their iconic series that helped shape the television landscape. The Jersey Shore reunion served as the pilot episode, premiering on August 20, 2017. After 4 years in development hell, the show was announced to return as a four-episode event series on June 10, 2021. Amongst those reuniting are the casts of All My Children, the original Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, A Different World, and Scrubs.

This is a document about MTV
  as Music Feed in 2013 with a reduced schedule and, unlike FNMTV, featured many full-length music videos, news updates, interviews, and performances. MTV would continue to air music programming over the next decade, with the return of MTV Unplugged in 2009, the debut of 10 on Top in May 2010, and Hip Hop POV on April 12, 2012. 2009 saw the debut of Jersey Shore, which became a ratings success throughout its run and spawned the "MTV Shores" franchise, but would attract various controversies. With backlash towards what some consider too much superficial content on the network, a 2009 New York Times article also

This is a document about The Real Housewives of New Jersey (season 4)
  The Real Housewives of New Jersey was officially renewed for a fourth season on June 7, 2011. The season premiere "High Tide, Low Blow"" was aired on April 22, 2012, while the twentieth episode "Strip Down Memory Lane" served as the season finale, and was aired on September 23, 2012. It was followed by a three-part reunion that aired on September 30, October 7 and October 14, 2012, a lost footage episode marked the conclusion of the season and was broadcast on October 21, 2012. Rebecca Toth Diefenbach, Valerie Haselton, Lucilla D'Agostino, Jim Fraenkel, Omid Kahangi, Caroline Self, Tess Gamboa Meyers and Andy Cohen are recognized as the series' executive producers; it is produced and distributed by Sirens Media.

This is a document about Pop-Up Video
  VH1 ordered 60 new half-hour episodes of Pop Up Video that started airing on October 3, 2011. In addition to the traditional music video format, five of the most popular episodes from season one of Jersey Shore were given the pop-up treatment in spring of 2012. A second season aired starting on August 6, 2012. The series was not renewed for a third season.

This is a document about List of objects dropped on New Year's Eve
 Hammonton, New Jersey: A blueberry was dropped to commence the year 2018. ; Point Pleasant, New Jersey: "The Millennium Mossbunker," a mossbunker fish, was dropped for the year 2000. ; Seaside Heights, New Jersey: Snooki from MTV's Seaside Heights-based reality series Jersey Shore was lowered inside a "hamster ball" in 2011 for the network's New Year's Eve special. While the drop was originally to be held inside MTV's studios at Times Square alongside its more famous counterpart, city officials asked MTV not to do so.

This is a document about Jersey Shore (TV series)
  show, and journalists listing it as one of the most notable shows of the time. The Shore franchise spawned several international adaptations in other countries. Four of the Jersey Shore cast members received spin-off shows on MTV, with the most successful being Snooki & Jwoww. Most of the cast would go on to appear in other reality programs or receive their own shows on various networks. On August 20, 2017, a one-off television special called Reunion Road Trip: Return to the Jersey Shore aired on the E! network. On November 27, 2017, MTV announced that the cast (with the exception of Giancola) would be reuniting in Miami, Florida, for a new reunion series titled Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. The series premiered globally on April 5, 2018.

The last season of Jersey Shore, which is the sixth season, aired from December 3, 2011 to March 20, 2012.


Question: who is called the father of english learning

Answer: Bede

This is a document about Bede
 of study for Bede was the academic discipline of "computus", otherwise known to his contemporaries as the science of calculating calendar dates. One of the more important dates Bede tried to compute was Easter, an effort that was mired with controversy. He also helped establish the practice of dating forward from the birth of Christ ("Anno Domini" – in the year of our Lord), a practice which eventually became commonplace in medieval Europe. Bede was one of the greatest teachers and writers of the Early Middle Ages and is considered by many historians to be the single most important scholar

This is a document about Education of the British royal family
  The scholar Erasmus and his fellow humanists, who promoted the liberal arts and sciences over military training for princes, had an influence on the curriculum studied by Henry VIII's children, and later the Stuart princes. Henry VIII established an elite palace school for his son Prince Edward, selecting fourteen sons of prominent aristocrats to be educated alongside him. Biographer Alison Weir writes: "The men who were given responsibility for the Prince's education were among the most brilliant scholars of their day". Edward was taught by Dr. Richard Cox, a clergyman who later become provost of Eton College and bishop of Ely, as well as John Cheke, the first Regius Professor of Greek at Cambridge University. Elizabeth

This is a document about Richard de la Pole
  VI, Part 2. Alice Chaucer was a daughter of Thomas Chaucer and Maud Burghersh. Thomas was the Speaker of the English House of Commons on three occasions, Chief Butler of England for almost thirty years, attended fifteen parliaments and was Speaker of the House five times, a feat not surpassed until the 18th century. Thomas was a son of Geoffrey Chaucer and his wife Philippa (de) Roet. Geoffrey was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat (courtier) and diplomat. He is sometimes called the father of English literature. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. He is also credited by some scholars with being the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin.

This is a document about Noah Webster
  Noah Webster Jr. (October 16, 1758 – May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education". His "Blue-backed Speller" books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read. Webster's name has become synonymous with "dictionary" in the United States, especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language. Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, Webster graduated from Yale College in 1778. He passed the bar examination after studying law under Oliver Ellsworth and others, but was unable to find work

This is a document about Shrewsbury School
  reading English till fit for ye University, and its free for Children not only of ye town but for all over England if they Exceed not ye numbers... ". In the early eighteenth century, Daniel Defoe also visited the school, noting: "Here is a good Free-school, the most considerable in this Part of England ; founded by King Edward VI and endowed by Queen Elizabeth, with a very sufficient Maintenance for a Chief or Headmaster, and three Under-masters or Ushers. The Buildings, which are of Stone, are very spacious, particularly the Library, which has a great many Books in it. The School-masters have also very handsome Houses to dwell in; for that the

This is a document about Jonathan Fruoco
  Fruoco was trained as a sociolinguist at Université Grenoble Alpes and then focused his interest on the cultural and linguistic evolution of medieval England. He greatly contributed to the studies on Chaucerian polyphony, having published three books on the subject (Geoffrey Chaucer: polyphonie et modernité in 2015 and Chaucer's Polyphony: The Modern in Medieval Poetry in 2020, and Polyphony and the Modern in 2021 ), and dozens of articles. He posits that Chaucer, who has long been considered as the father of English poetry, should rather be thought of as the father of English prose and one of the main creators of the polyphonic novel, in the Bakhtinian sense of the word. Besides his work as a medievalist, Fruoco has edited and translated for the very first

This is a document about British literature
  game". Developing from Welsh, Irish and English tradition Sir Gawain highlights the importance of honour and chivalry. "Preserved in the same manuscript with Sir Gawayne were three other poems, now generally accepted as the work of its author, including the intricate elegiac poem, Pearl." Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 1400), known as the Father of English literature, is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages and was the first poet to have been buried in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer is best known today for The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories written in Middle English (mostly written in verse although some are in prose), that are presented as part

This is a document about Lord Dunsany
 Dunsany studied Greek and Latin, particularly Greek drama and Herodotus, the "Father of History". Dunsany wrote in a letter: "When I learned Greek at Cheam and heard of other gods a great pity came on me for those beautiful marble people that had become forsaken and this mood has never quite left me."1 ; The King James Bible: In a letter to Frank Harris, Dunsany wrote: "When I went to Cheam School I was given a lot of the Bible to read. This turned my thoughts eastward. For years no style seemed to me natural but that of the Bible and I feared that I never would become a writer when I saw that other people did not

This is a document about Thomas More
  Born on Milk Street in the City of London, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More, a successful lawyer and later a judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). He was the second of six children. More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's best schools. From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page. Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism"), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More

This is a document about Francis Bacon
  Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626), also known as Lord Verulam, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. His works are seen as developing the scientific method and remained influential through the scientific revolution. Bacon has been called the father of empiricism. He argued for the possibility of scientific knowledge based only upon inductive reasoning and careful observation of events in nature. Most importantly, he argued science could be achieved by the use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves. Although his most specific proposals about such a method, the

This is a document about Clement Adams
  father of English geography. From the pages of his little read and less known Decades we learn that Clement Adams was a schoolmaster and not a traveller. To Adams we owe the first written account of the earliest English intercourse with Russia. Eden writes: "Wheras I have before (p. 252) made mention howe Moscouia was in our tyme discoured by the direction and information of the sayde master Sebastian [Cabote] who longe before had this secreate in his minde, I shall not neede here to describe that viage, forasmuch as the same is largely and faithfully written in the Latyn tonge by that

This is a document about Pedagogy
  John Amos Comenius (28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) is considered the father of modern education.

This is a document about Vernacular
  spread to London where the king resided and from which he ruled. It contained Danish forms not often used in the north or south, as the Danes had settled heavily in the midlands. Chaucer wrote in an early East Midland style, John Wycliffe translated the New Testament into it, and William Caxton, the first English printer, wrote in it. Caxton is considered the first modern English author. The first printed book in England was Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, published by Caxton in 1476. The first English grammars were written in Latin, with some in French. After a general plea for mother-tongue education in England: The first part of the elementary, published in 1582 by Richard Mulcaster, William Bullokar wrote the first

This is a document about American philosophy
  The first 100 years or so of college education in the American Colonies were dominated in New England by the Puritan theology of William Ames and "the sixteenth-century logical methods of Petrus Ramus." Then in 1714, a donation of 800 books from England, collected by Colonial Agent Jeremiah Dummer, arrived at Yale. They contained what became known as "The New Learning", including "the works of Locke, Descartes, Newton, Boyle, and Shakespeare", and other Enlightenment era authors not known to the tutors and graduates of Puritan Yale and Harvard colleges. They were first opened and studied by an eighteen-year-old graduate student from Guilford, Connecticut, the young American Samuel Johnson, who had also just found and read Lord Francis Bacon's Advancement of Learning. Johnson wrote in his Autobiography, "All this was like a flood of day to his low state of mind" and that "he found himself like one at

This is a document about List of Old Shirburnians
 Alan Turing, mathematician, instrumental figure at Bletchley Park, father of Artificial Intelligence and the first modern computer. ; Alfred North Whitehead, mathematician and philosopher ; F. Sherwood Taylor chemist, Curator of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford and Director of the Science Museum ; Francis John Lys, Provost of Worcester College, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford ; Harold Temperley, historian and former Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge ; John Newsom-Davis, FRCP FRS, FMedSci, neurologist ; Michael McCrum, former Headmaster of Eton College, former Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University until 2004. ; Richard Atkinson, prehistorian and archeologist ; Sir Colin Lucas, former Master of Balliol College and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University until 2001. ; Sir Derman Christopherson FRS FREng, former Vice-Chancellor of Durham University and Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge ; Sir Malcolm Pasley Bt, literary scholar ; The Right Honourable The Lord Thomas of Swynnerton, historian

This is a document about Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge
  The study of Anglo-Saxon England and its neighbouring regions has deep roots at Cambridge, beginning with the sixteenth-century Archbishop Matthew Parker. The first half of the seventeenth century saw Abraham Wheelocke hold a readership in Anglo-Saxon, and in 1657 John Spelman bestowed on William Somner the annual stipend of the Anglo-Saxon lecture founded by his father, Sir Henry Spelman, at Cambridge, enabling him to complete the first Old English dictionary. After a lull in interest in Old English, in the nineteenth century, John Mitchell Kemble developed the study of Old English and Anglo-Saxon archaeology at Trinity College, and Joseph Bosworth, another Anglo-Saxonist who was associated with Trinity, endowed the Elrington and

This is a document about Hermeneutic style
  works did not form an important part of the Continental curriculum. Aldhelm is described by David Dumville as "the father both of English latinity and of the hermeneutic style of Anglo-Latin letters". His De Virginitate (On Virginity) was particularly influential, and in the 980s an English scholar requested permission from Archbishop Æthelgar to go to Winchester to study it, complaining that he had been starved of intellectual food. A passage in De Virginitate reads: Anglo-Latin suffered a severe decline in the ninth century, partly due to the Viking invasions, but it began to revive in the 890s under Alfred the Great, who revered

This is a document about Alan Turing
  Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. Born in Maida Vale, London, Turing was raised in southern England. He graduated at King's College, Cambridge, with a degree in mathematics. Whilst he was a fellow at Cambridge, he published a proof demonstrating that some purely mathematical yes–no questions can never be

This is a document about John Florio
   Giovanni Florio (1552–1625), known as John Florio, was a linguist, poet, writer, translator, lexicographer, and royal language tutor at the Court of James I. He is recognised as the most important Renaissance humanist in England. John Florio contributed to the English language with 1,149 words, placing third after Chaucer (with 2,012 words) and Shakespeare (with 1,969 words), in the linguistic analysis conducted by Stanford professor John Willinsky. He was also the first translator of Montaigne into English, the first translator of Boccaccio into English and he wrote the first comprehensive Italian–English dictionary (surpassing the only previous modest Italian–English dictionary by William Thomas published in 1550). Playwright and poet Ben Jonson was a personal friend of John Florio and Jonson hailed Florio as "loving father" and "ayde of his muses". In fact, the copy of the play Volpone

This is a document about Irish people
  "saints and scholars". The 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the "fathers of Europe", followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the "father of chemistry", and Robert Mallet one of the "fathers of seismology". Irish literature has produced famous writers in both Irish- and English-language traditions, such as Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin, Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, W. B. Yeats, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, and Seamus Heaney. Notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Sir Robert McClure, Sir Alexander Armstrong, Sir Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides. Many presidents of the United States

Bede is called the father of English learning in the context of early Christian scholarship in England. However, in the context of English education, the title is often given to Noah Webster, who is known as the "Father of American Scholarship and Education" and the "Father of American English."


Question: who is the prime minister of england 2018

Answer: Theresa May

This is a document about Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom Government. The Prime Minister (informally abbreviated to PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The Office is one of the Great Offices of State. The of the office, Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016. The office is not

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup
 Cups. In an interview published on 7 June 2015, Domenico Scala, the head of FIFA's Audit And Compliance Committee, stated that "should there be evidence that the awards to Qatar and Russia came only because of bought votes, then the awards could be cancelled". Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and former British Prime Minister David Cameron attended a meeting with FIFA vice-president Chung Mong-joon in which a vote-trading deal for the right to host the 2018 World Cup in England was discussed. In response to the March 2018 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, British Prime Minister Theresa May announced

This is a document about Theresa May
  Theresa Mary, Lady May (' Brasier'''; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2016 to 2019. May served as Home Secretary from 2010 to 2016 in the Cameron government and has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidenhead in Berkshire since 1997. Ideologically, she identifies herself as a one-nation conservative. May grew up in Oxfordshire and attended St Hugh's College, Oxford. After graduating in 1977, she worked at the Bank of England and the Association for Payment Clearing Services. She also served as a councillor for Durnsford in Merton. After two unsuccessful attempts

This is a document about Uxbridge and South Ruislip (UK Parliament constituency)
  Boris Johnson became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 24 July 2019 following the resignation of Theresa May. His 2017 majority in Uxbridge and South Ruislip of 5,034 votes was the smallest of any sitting prime minister since 1924. The main challenger to the seat was the Labour Party, whose 2019 candidate was Ali Milani. In April 2019, think-tank Onward classified the seat as "vulnerable" for the Conservatives, while YouGov classified the seat on 27 November 2019 as "likely Conservative". An article in The Independent on the same date inferred a 22.2% chance of Milani winning the seat from odds by bookmaker Paddy Power. Johnson retained the seat with an increased vote share of 52.6% and an increased majority of 15%. In 2019 two satirical candidates, Count Binface and Lord Buckethead, stood for election. Lord Buckethead

This is a document about War cabinet
 Prime Minister – Theresa May (2016–2019) ; Minister for the Cabinet Office and de facto Deputy Prime Minister – Damian Green (2017), David Lidington (2018–2019) ; Chancellor – Philip Hammond (2016–2019) ; Home Secretary – Amber Rudd (2016–2018), Sajid Javid (2018–2019) ; Foreign Secretary – Boris Johnson (2016–2018), Jeremy Hunt (2018–2019) ; Brexit Secretary – David Davis (2016–2018), Dominic Raab (2018), Stephen Barclay (2018-2020) ; International Trade Secretary – Liam Fox (2016–2019) ; Business Secretary – Greg Clark (2016–2019) ; Environment Secretary – Andrea Leadsom (2016-2017), Michael Gove (2017–2019) ; Defence Secretary – Sir Michael Fallon - (2016-2017), Gavin Williamson (2017–2019), Penny Mordaunt (2019) Following the 2016 referendum on EU membership, which resulted in a vote to leave the EU, the UK Government triggered the withdrawal process under Article 50 of

This is a document about Boris Johnson
  Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964) is a British politician and writer serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2019. He was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs from 2016 to 2018 and Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016. Johnson has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Uxbridge and South Ruislip since 2015 and was previously MP for Henley from 2001 to 2008. He has been described as adhering to the ideology of one-nation conservatism. Johnson was educated at Eton College and studied Classics at Balliol College, Oxford. He was elected President of the Oxford Union in 1986. In 1989, he became the Brussels correspondent,

This is a document about Women in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
 Theresa May – Prime Minister ; Liz Truss – Secretary of State for International Trade/President of the Board of Trade ; Thérèse Coffey – Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (2019) ; Baroness Evans of Bowes Park – Leader of the House of Lords ; Penny Mordaunt – Secretary of State for Defence ; Karen Bradley – Secretary of State for Northern Ireland ; Andrea Leadsom – Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ; Priti Patel – Secretary of State for the Home Department ; Theresa Villiers – Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ; Nicky Morgan – Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport ; Esther McVey – Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (2018) ; Amber Rudd – Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (2018–19)

This is a document about 2019 Conservative Party leadership election
  On 2 May 2019, Rory Stewart, the International Development Secretary, announced his candidacy for the leadership. He stated that he would "bring the country together" as Prime Minister. Following a poor result for the party in the 2019 local elections on 2 May 2019, Dominic Raab, Sajid Javid, Michael Gove and Matt Hancock gave speeches and interviews that the journalist Tim Shipman described as a "beauty contest between those jostling to succeed Theresa May". On 4 May 2019, David Davis announced he would not seek the party leadership, and would instead support Raab if he chose to run. On 8 May 2019, Andrea Leadsom, the Leader of the House of Commons,

This is a document about Priti Patel
  Priti Sushil Patel (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician who has served as Home Secretary since 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, she was Secretary of State for International Development from 2016 to 2017. Patel has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witham since 2010. She is ideologically on the right wing of the Conservative Party; she considers herself to be a Thatcherite. Patel was born in London to a Ugandan-Indian family. She was educated at Keele University and the University of Essex. Inspired to get involved in politics by the Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher,

This is a document about First Johnson ministry
  Theresa May announced on 24 May 2019 that she would resign as Leader of the Conservative Party and therefore Prime Minister, after failing three times to secure passage through the House of Commons of her Withdrawal Agreement and Implementation Bill, which would have seen the United Kingdom leave the European Union. Her announcement also followed the Conservative Party's very poor showing in the 2019 European Parliament elections in the UK. Her resignation as Conservative leader took effect on 7 June 2019. The former London Mayor and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson was elected to succeed May on 23 July 2019. He was appointed Prime Minister on the following day by Queen Elizabeth II. Johnson inherited a minority government, supported by

This is a document about Reverse ferret
  withdrawal deal with the EU, which had stalled in Parliament through lack of support. BBC political editor, Laura Kuenssberg, used the phrase on Twitter on 11 November 2019, when describing the action of Brexit Party leader, Nigel Farage, in standing down all the party's potential candidates in the December 2019 UK General Election who were to contest seats won by Conservatives in the 2017 UK General Election. Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, also used the phrase in an interview on 13 February 2021, when discussing the easing of England's 3rd national lockdown. He used it while explaining that any steps taken must be taken carefully to avoid a "reverse ferret", suggesting we would have to return to those measures.

This is a document about Policy Exchange
  Policy Exchange has been addressed by senior figures from all governments of the past 15 years including Hazel Blears, Gordon Brown, David Cameron, Nick Clegg, Sir Michael Fallon, Michael Gove, Philip Hammond, Jeremy Hunt, Sajid Javid, Boris Johnson, Theresa May, Ed Miliband, Baroness Morgan, Dominc Raab and Amber Rudd. Other speakers include Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, Mark Carney, Dr Andrea Coscelli CBE, S Jaishankar, Professor William E. Kovacic, John Larkin QC, General James Mattis, Benjamin Netanyahu, General David Petraeus, James Plunkett, Mike Pompeo, Speaker Paul Ryan, Malcolm Turnbull and Rt Hon Lord Tyrie. In October 2019, Prime Minister Boris Johnson, in what was his first appearance at a think tank

This is a document about 2019 United Kingdom general election
  In July 2016, Theresa May became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, having taken over from David Cameron (who had resigned in the wake of the 2016 Brexit referendum). Her party – the Conservative and Unionist Party –  had governed the UK since the 2010 general election, initially in coalition with the Liberal Democrats and after the 2015 general election, alone with a small majority. In the 2017 general election, May lost her majority but was able to resume office as a result of a confidence and supply agreement with Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party. In the face of opposition from the DUP and Conservative back-benchers,

This is a document about 2016 in the United Kingdom
  Jeremy Corbyn, triggering a leadership election. ; 11 July – Theresa May is announced as the Conservative Party leader (and Prime Minister-designate), after Andrea Leadsom withdraws from the leadership election. ; 13 July ; David Cameron officially tenders his resignation as Prime Minister to the Queen, and is succeeded by his former Home Secretary Theresa May. ; May subsequently begins to announce her cabinet, with Philip Hammond as the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, Amber Rudd as Home Secretary, Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary, and David Davis appointed in the new Exiting the European Union Secretary post. ; 18 July –

This is a document about Jo Johnson
  Joseph Edmund Johnson, Baron Johnson of Marylebone, (born 23 December 1971) is a British politician who was Minister of State for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation from July to September 2019, as well as previously from 2015 to 2018. A member of the Conservative Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Orpington from 2010 to 2019. He currently sits in the House of Lords. His older brother, Boris Johnson, has been Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2019. Since retiring from politics, Johnson has become non-executive chairman at Tes. He is also a senior fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School, and President's Professorial Fellow

This is a document about Jacob Rees-Mogg
  Soubry, announced that they would leave the party if he became leader; another, Justine Greening, suggested she could do the same. However, other Conservative MPs, such as Jesse Norman, and Daniel Kawczynski have expressed support for a prospective Rees-Mogg leadership bid. Former UKIP leader Nigel Farage also backed a potential Rees-Mogg candidacy. Following the 2017 general election, calls were made for Theresa May to step down as Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party after failing to win an overall majority in the House of Commons. This led news outlets to begin speculating on May's possible successor with Boris Johnson touted as

This is a document about 2018 United Kingdom budget
  The 2018 United Kingdom budget was delivered by Philip Hammond, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on Monday, 29 October 2018. It was Hammond's third as Chancellor of the Exchequer since being appointed to the role in July 2016, and his last before being replaced by Sajid Javid by means of Boris Johnson's cabinet reshuffle upon becoming Prime Minister in July 2019. Following the budget in March 2017 the government moved the annual budget to the Autumn, with the following budget held on 22 November of the same year. On 26 September 2018, Hammond announced that the 2018 budget

This is a document about Conservative Party (UK)
   In July 2019, former Foreign Secretary and Mayor of London Boris Johnson defeated Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt, with 66% of the vote in the final ballot of Conservative Party members, to become Leader of the Conservative Party. He became Prime Minister the next day. Johnson lost his working majority in the House of Commons on 3 September 2019 when former Justice minister Phillip Lee crossed the floor during Johnson's speech to join the Liberal Democrats, later explaining that he believed the Conservative party had been "infected with the twin diseases of populism and English nationalism". The same day, the former Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond announced that he would "defend his party"

This is a document about List of West European Jews
 John Bercow, Speaker of the House of Commons ; Leon Brittan, Conservative Member of Parliament and Home Secretary ; Benjamin Disraeli, British Conservative Prime Minister; converted to Anglicanism at age 12 ; Greville Janner, Labour Member of Parliament ; Tim Judah, journalist and historian ; Peter Mandelson, Labour Member of Parliament ; David Miliband, politician, Labour Party (UK) ; Ed Miliband (2005–present), Labour MP for Doncaster North and former Leader of the Labour party ; Charlotte Nichols (2019–present) Labour MP for Warrington North ; Andrew Percy (2010–present), Conservative MP for Brigg and Goole ; Lucy Frazer (2015–present), Conservative MP for South East Cambridgeshire ; Ruth Smeeth (2015–2019), Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent North ; Alex Sobel (2017–present), Labour MP for Leeds North West ; Nicola Richards (2019–present), Conservative MP for West Bromwich East ; Ian Levy (2019–present), Conservative MP for Blyth Valley ; Dominic Raab (2010–present) Conservative MP for Esher and Walton

This is a document about Jeremy Clarkson
  natural Tory but "it just happens to be that every time it comes around and you weigh up which is going to provide you with a better life, the better country to live in, then it's usually the Conservatives" and mocked the policies of Tony Blair and Jeremy Corbyn, stating "only an idiot would vote for Corbyn." However, he also expressed support of incumbent Labour leader Keir Starmer and maintained that he was prepared to vote for Labour "if there's an election tomorrow" citing Boris Johnson's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clarkson is also a personal friend of former Prime Minister and Conservative leader David Cameron.

Theresa May was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 2018.


Question: who led the great sioux uprising in 1862

Answer: Shakopee

This is a document about Dakota War of 1862
 Dakota War of 1862 The Dakota War of 1862, also known as the Sioux Uprising, Dakota Uprising, the Sioux Outbreak of 1862, the Dakota Conflict, the U.S.–Dakota War of 1862 or Little Crow's War, was an armed conflict between the United States and several bands of Dakota (also known as the eastern 'Sioux'). It began on August 17, 1862, along the Minnesota River in southwest Minnesota, four years after its admission as a state. Throughout the late 1850s in the lead-up to the war, treaty violations by the United States and late or unfair annuity payments by Indian agents caused

This is a document about American Indian Wars
 called the Sioux Uprising of 1862 in older authorities and popular texts) was the first major armed engagement between the U.S. and the Sioux. After six weeks of fighting in Minnesota, led mostly by Chief Taoyateduta (aka, Little Crow), records conclusively show that more than 500 U.S. soldiers and settlers died in the conflict, though many more may have died in small raids or after being captured. The number of Sioux dead in the uprising is mostly undocumented, but after the war, 303 Sioux were convicted of murder and rape by U.S. military tribunals and sentenced to death. Most of

This is a document about Big Eagle
 Big Eagle Big Eagle (Dakota: Waŋbdí Táŋka, c. 1827 – 1906) was the leader of a band of Mdewakanton Dakota Sioux in Minnesota. In 1862 he and his band joined Taoyateduta and took part in a Sioux uprising. He eventually surrendered. Waŋbdí Táŋka, also known as Jerome Big Eagle, was born in 1827 at Black Dog village, in present-day Eagan, Minnesota. He succeeded his father, Máza Ȟóta (Grey Iron) in 1857. He along with the other chiefs and headmen went to Washington in 1858 on treaty business. In the spring of 1862, Wamditanka, Little Crow and Traveling Hail were candidates

This is a document about Native Americans in the American Civil War
 and Cheyenne natives, killing women and children as well as warriors. There were few survivors of the massacre. In July 1862, settlers fought against Santee Sioux in Minnesota. Because the war absorbed so many government resources, the annuities owed to the Santee Sioux in Minnesota were not paid on time in the summer of 1862. In addition, Long Trader Sibley refused the Santee Sioux access to food until the funds were delivered. In frustration, the Santee Sioux, led by Little Crow (Ta-oya-te-duta), attacked settlers in order to get supplies. The Sioux killed 450–800 civilians. After the Sioux lost, they were

This is a document about Dakota War of 1862
 and that it was rather "a faction that went on the offensive". On August 18, 1862, Little Crow led a group that attacked the Lower Sioux (or Redwood) Agency. Andrew Myrick was among the first who were killed. He was discovered trying to escape through a second-floor window of a building at the agency. Myrick's body later was found with grass stuffed into his mouth. The warriors burned the buildings at the Lower Sioux Agency, giving enough time for settlers to escape across the river at Redwood Ferry. Minnesota militia forces and B Company of the 5th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry

This is a document about Andrew Myrick
 Andrew Myrick Andrew J. Myrick (May 28, 1832 – August 18, 1862), was a trader who, with his Dakota wife ("Winyangewin"/Nancy Myrick), operated stores in southwest Minnesota at two Indian agencies serving the Dakota (referred to as Sioux at the time) near the Minnesota River. In the summer of 1862, when the Dakota were starving because of failed crops and delayed annuity payments, Myrick is noted as refusing to sell them food on credit, saying, "Let them eat grass." A Dakota band led by Chief Little Crow went to war against the agency settlements, and Myrick was killed on the

This is a document about Thomas Wakeman
 Thomas Wakeman Thomas Wakeman (Sioux: "Wowinape") (1846 – January 13, 1886) was a Native American who organized the first Sioux Indian YMCA. Over the years, 66 Sioux associations have been founded with over 1000 members. As of 2000, the Sioux YMCAs, under the leadership of a Lakota Board of Directors, operate programs serving families and youth on the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation. Chief Little Crow (Sioux: "Thaóyate Dúta"; ) of the Sioux had a son named Wawinape (Sioux: Wówinaphe ) in 1846. Little Crow and Wawinape survived the Dakota War of 1862. They lived at Devil's Lake in Dakota territory.

This is a document about Battle of Big Mound
 Battle of Big Mound The Battle of Big Mound was a United States Army victory in July 1863 over the Santee Sioux Indians allied with some Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux in Dakota Territory. The defeat of Little Crow in the Dakota War of 1862 caused the widespread dispersion of the Santee Sioux or Eastern Dakota. Of the 6,300 Santee, 2,000 were taken prisoner. About 700 of the Lower Sioux from the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute bands remained at large. Most of the 4,000 Upper Sioux from the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands, who had been reluctant participants in the war, also

This is a document about Lower Sioux Agency
 Acton Township, Minnesota, during which one stole eggs and then killed five white settlers. Soon after, a Dakota war council was convened and their leader, Little Crow, agreed to continue attacks on the European-American settlements to try to drive out the whites. On August 18, 1862, Little Crow led a group that attacked the Lower Sioux Agency. Andrew Myrick was discovered trying to escape through a second-floor window of a building at the agency. Myrick's body later was found with grass stuffed into his mouth because of his recent statement (See above). The warriors burned the buildings at the Lower

This is a document about Charlie Vig
 Charlie Vig Charlie Vig is Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota. Vig served as the Vice Chairman from January 2012 until August 2012. He became the Chairman of the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community following the death of Chairman Stanley Crooks, on August 25, 2012. The Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community is the most influential Native American tribe in Minnesota. Vig was the youngest of his family's nine children. His grandmother, Minnie Otherday, was a descendent of John Otherday, who saved many settlers and U.S. government employees during the Dakota War of 1862. Vig was raised in Eden Prairie,

This is a document about Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community
 38 Dakota men in Mankato, Minnesota, on December 26, 1862. The remaining Dakota were forced to walk more than 100 miles to Fort Snelling, where they were held in a concentration camp through the winter. In 1863 Congress rescinded all treaties with the Dakota and ordered their removal from Minnesota. Finally, in 1886, Congress established the Shakopee Mdewakanton Reservation, Prairie Island Indian Community Reservation, Upper Sioux Indian Reservation, and Lower Sioux Indian Reservation for the Dakota who never left Minnesota. But for the next century, life for the Dakota people was one of poverty and hardship. In 1969 the Shakopee

This is a document about Attack at the Lower Sioux Agency
 Attack at the Lower Sioux Agency The Attack at the Lower Sioux Agency was the initial action of the Dakota War of 1862 in August. After the initial conflict at Acton Township, Minnesota on August 17, in which five white settlers were killed, tensions were running high within the Lower Sioux tribe. The Sioux or Dakota feared that the murders would bring about a reprisal from United States forces. Chiefs Shakopee and Red Middle Voice convened a council at Little Crow's village near the Lower Sioux Agency to discuss the situation. Although Little Crow was hesitant to go to war,

This is a document about American Indian Wars
   The Dakota War of 1862 (more commonly called the Sioux Uprising of 1862 in older authorities and popular texts) was the first major armed engagement between the U.S. and the Sioux (Dakota). After six weeks of fighting in Minnesota, led mostly by Chief Taoyateduta (aka, Little Crow), records conclusively show that more than 500 U.S. soldiers and settlers died in the conflict, though many more may have died in small raids or after being captured. The number of Sioux dead in the uprising is mostly undocumented. After the war, 303 Sioux warriors were convicted of murder and rape by U.S. military tribunals and sentenced to death. Most of the death sentences were commuted by President Lincoln, but on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota, 38 Dakota Sioux men were hanged in what is still today

This is a document about Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
  Conflicts with Native Americans on the American frontier continued during the Civil War, as American settlers continued to push west. In 1862, Lincoln sent General Pope to put down the "Sioux Uprising" in Minnesota. Presented with 303 execution warrants for convicted Santee Dakota who were accused of killing innocent farmers, Lincoln conducted his own personal review of each of these warrants, eventually approving 39 for execution (one was later reprieved). In his final two annual messages to Congress Lincoln called for reform of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and federal Indian policy. However, as the war to preserve the Union was Lincoln's primary concern, he simply allowed the system to function unchanged for the balance of his presidency.

This is a document about Wiseman massacre
  the Minnesota River. The uprising alleges the Sioux tribes burned farms and tortured and/or killed an estimated 1,000 white settlers. General Sibley, former Governor of the Minnesota Territory hastily activated Minnesota militia. After nearly a week of failed attacks on Fort Ridgely and a town of New Ulm, the Sioux retreated. Many of the villagers then struck west into Dakota Territory to escape the vengeance they knew was coming. Leaving their ancestral hunting grounds along the Minnesota River in what they called the Big Woods. President Lincoln ordered the Union Army General Pope to oversee the Indian trouble. Pope sent both

This is a document about Flaming Frontier
  When food supplies to the Union forces from the Midwest are interrupted by an Indian uprising, Abraham Lincoln sends Capt. James Huston to intervene. Huston is half-Sioux, and he and the leader of the uprising, Little Crow, grew up as friends. Huston heads to Fort Ridgely in Minnesota, which is under the command of Col. Hugh Carver, who despises the Sioux. Carver's brother, Dan Carver, owns the local trading post, and is one of the leading land dealers in the area. Dan and the local Indian agent, Jeff Baxter, want to exterminate the Sioux so that they can take over their lands to sell it to settlers. Huston arrives

This is a document about George Armstrong Custer
   George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars. Custer graduated from West Point in 1861 at the bottom of his class, but as the Civil War was just starting, trained officers were in immediate demand. He worked closely with General George B. McClellan and the future General Alfred Pleasonton, both of whom recognized his qualities as a cavalry leader, and he was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers at age 23. Only a few days after his promotion, he fought at the Battle of Gettysburg,

This is a document about Pawnee Scouts
  In 1870 the Pawnee scouts were still working to protect the railroad but eventually they were disbanded. With the outbreak of the Great Sioux War in 1876, Major North was ordered by General Philip Sheridan to travel to Indian Territory, where the Pawnee now lived, to organize another company for General George Crook's Little Bighorn Campaign. Living in poverty, the Pawnee men were willing to enlist for pay. North recruited 100 of the Pawnees and headed back north, to Fort Robinson, Nebraska where the Sioux chiefs Sitting Bull and Red Cloud were active in fighting the army. Major North and his men arrived at the fort on October 22 and immediately thereafter began a march to the camp of Chief Red Cloud with a regiment of cavalry. On the following morning, North's command advanced on the camp and took it, capturing Red Cloud and over 700

This is a document about Black Hills Expedition
  The Black Hills Expedition was a United States Army expedition in 1874 led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer that set out on July 2, 1874 from modern day Bismarck, North Dakota, which was then Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory, with orders to travel to the previously uncharted Black Hills of South Dakota. Its mission was to look for suitable locations for a fort, find a route to the southwest, and to investigate the possibility of gold mining. Custer and his unit, the 7th Cavalry, arrived in the Black Hills on July 22, 1874, with orders to return by August 30. The expedition set up a camp at the site of the future town of Custer; while Custer and the military units searched for a suitable location

Big Eagle, a Waȟpáteka Dakota Sioux band leader, led the Great Sioux Uprising in 1862. He joined forces with Taoyateduta (Little Crow) and other Sioux leaders in the uprising against the United States Army.


Question: who plays as beast in beauty and the beast

Answer: Dan Stevens

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
 Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian

This is a document about Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)
 Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) "Evermore" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film "Beauty and the Beast" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, "Evermore" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
  Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos. Co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films, the film is a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 1756 version of the fairy tale. It features an ensemble and choir cast including Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous Belle and the Beast, with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. A live-action Beauty and the Beast remake was first announced in April 2014,

This is a document about Ian McKellen
  brings us a riveting character study of a lion not going gentle into winter." In 2017, McKellen portrayed in a supporting role as Cogsworth (originally voiced by David Ogden Stiers in the 1991 animated film) in the live-action adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon (which marked the third collaboration between Condon and McKellen, after Gods and Monsters and Mr. Holmes) and co-starred alongside Emma Watson and Dan Stevens. The film was released to positive reviews and grossed $1.2billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing live-action musical film, the second highest-grossing film of 2017, and the 17th highest-grossing film of all time. The following year,

This is a document about Ewan McGregor
  Mortdecai (2015), alongside Johnny Depp and Paul Bettany. Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph felt the film was "psychotically unfunny". He made his directorial debut with American Pastoral (2016), in which he also starred. In 2017, he reprised his role as Mark Renton in T2 Trainspotting. McGregor played Lumière (originally voiced by Jerry Orbach in the 1991 animated film) in the live-action adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon, with an ensemble cast featuring Emma Watson and Dan Stevens in leading roles, alongside Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Stanley Tucci, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. Filming began in May 2015 at Shepperton Studios in

This is a document about Days in the Sun
  was considered for release as a single but director Bill Condon did not feel it "len[t] itself to the process". A version of "Evermore" performed by Josh Groban was ultimately chosen as a single. Before the film's debut and the soundtrack's release, a series of nail polishes was released; a yellow nail polish was named after the song. "Days in the Sun" was released on March 10, 2017, as a track on the Beauty and the Beast soundtrack; it was made available as an audio CD and a digital download. It is performed by Adam Mitchell as the young Beast, Emma Watson as Belle, and Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe as the Beast's enchanted servants.

This is a document about Beast (Beauty and the Beast)
  The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard.

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
  In January 2015, it was announced that Emma Watson had been cast as Belle, the female lead. She was the first and only choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, who had previously run Warner Bros. which released the eight Harry Potter films that starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens were reported to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the next day on Twitter. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor, and

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
  Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015, in London, and in Surrey. Production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017.

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)
  performances by the film's main cast – Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury, Robby Benson and David Ogden Stiers – in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's theme song of the same name, which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Following a difficult period during where Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release successful animated feature films, the studio, inspired by their most recent animated success The Little Mermaid (1989), decided to adapt the fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast" into an animated musical film after a non-musical adaptation had been attempted that failed to impress Jeffrey Katzenberg,

This is a document about List of The Muny repertory
 Beauty and the Beast MP (featuring Jim Clow as The Beast and Sarah Litzinger as Belle and Christian Probst as Chip) ; Annie Get Your Gun (featuring Jimmy McEvoy as Little Jake) ; Jesus Christ Superstar (featuring Eric Kunze as Jesus and Ken Page as King Herod) ; Singin' in the Rain (featuring Nicholas J. Oliveri as Young Cosmo and Matthew Willis as Young Don) ; Mame (featuring Dee Hoty as Mame and Georgia Engel as Agnes Gooch and Christian Probst as Young Patrick) ; West Side Story ; The Sound of Music (Featuring Kate Baldwin as Maria, Berklea Going as Gretl, Patrick Probst as Friedrich, Olivia Threlkeld as Marta, and Alex Prakken as Kurt)

This is a document about Days in the Sun
  "Days in the Sun" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film Beauty and the Beast (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, "Days in the Sun" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as part of the film's soundtrack. "Days in the Sun" is prominently featured in a flashback sequence about the death of

This is a document about Cinderella (2015 Disney film)
  when it was announced in November 2012 that she would be playing Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's evil stepmother. In March 2013, Emma Watson was in talks to play Cinderella, but a deal could not be worked out. Watson went on to play Belle in Disney's 2017 film Beauty and the Beast. Gabriella Wilde, Saoirse Ronan, Alicia Vikander, Bella Heathcote and Margot Robbie were also considered for the part, but deals could not be worked out due to scheduling and other conflicts. On April 30, 2013, Lily James was cast as the title character. A week later, Richard Madden was cast as Prince Charming, who was named Kit in the film. In June 2013, it was reported that Holliday Grainger and Sophie McShera joined the film as Cinderella's two

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)
  Beauty and the Beast is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film Beauty and the Beast. The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocals from the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson.

This is a document about Luke Evans
  Evans was cast as Eric Draven in the reboot of The Crow. In June 2014, he joined the cast of the film High-Rise with Tom Hiddleston and Jeremy Irons. In January 2015, Evans officially exited The Crow to pursue other projects. The same year, he was named one of GQs 50 best dressed British men. In 2016, Evans appeared in the thriller film The Girl on the Train, co-starring Emily Blunt. In 2017, he had the villainous role of Gaston in Disney's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and co-starring Emma Watson and Dan Stevens; and also

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)
  to sing the title song, all dry eye bets are off". The New York Posts Lou Lumenick wrote that "Beauty and the Beast" was "unforgettably delivered by Angela Lansbury". Aylin Zara of BuzzFeed opined that Lansbury's version is superior to the single, penning, "Though the commercial pop version of 'Beauty and the Beast,' sung by Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, is great, the film version — performed by Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Potts — is even better. Tender and warm ... it tugs at all the right heartstrings to get your eyes a little misty". Rachael Monaco of AXS cited "Tale as old as time. Tune as old as

This is a document about 1st Robert Awards
 Jesper Klein – Beauty and the Beast

This is a document about Emma Watson
  critic blamed Regressions script for her "pure dramatic cardboard" role. She also appeared in an episode of BBC's The Vicar of Dibley, in which she played Reverend Iris. In February 2016, Watson announced she was taking a year-long break from acting. She planned to spend the time on her "personal development" and her women's rights work. Watson starred as Belle in the 2017 live-action Disney adaptation of Beauty and the Beast directed by Bill Condon, and starring opposite Dan Stevens as the Beast. She was given autonomy within Belle's portrayal; she re-characterised her as an assistant to her inventor

This is a document about List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters
  as a patrol guard in the castle, and in the latter, he aids Sora in the brief fight against the Beast, under Xaldin's influence. He later plays a small role in the final battle against Xaldin. Cogsworth is played by Sir Ian McKellen in the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast. This version has a wife named Clothilde. In the ending, he is reunited with Clothilde after he transforms back into a human, much to his dismay. It is revealed that this version's first name is Henry. The 2017 live-action version of Cogsworth is older than the 1991 animated version.

This is a document about Beast (Beauty and the Beast)
  The Beast has generally garnered positive reviews. MsMojo ranked the Beast second in the Top 10 Disney Princes video, praising his character development in the film. Dan Stevens's portrayal of the Beast is also praised. Julia Alexander from Polygon praised Stevens' acting for making the Beast feel real, commenting that "there are moments where you forget the beast isn’t real — everything about him feels humane." Dana Schwartz from The Observer is less positive in the Beast's 2017 portrayal. She commented that the Beast's less scary appearance gave lesser impact when he revealed himself to Belle compared to the original. And the fact that the Beast wears a tailcoat and pants all the time makes it unbelievable for certain scenes since the Beast is characterized as "someone who’s been an animal for so long he’s forgotten how to be human."

Dan Stevens plays the role of the Beast in the 2017 film "Beauty and the Beast."


Question: who played mama on throw momma from the train

Answer: Anne Ramsey

This is a document about Throw Momma from the Train
 singled out for praise for her portrayal of the overbearing Mrs. Lift; she won a Saturn Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Novelist Larry Donner (Billy Crystal) struggles with writer's block due to his resentment towards his ex-wife Margaret (Kate Mulgrew), who stole his book and garnered mainstream success and critical acclaim with it. Owen Lift (Danny DeVito) is a timid, middle-aged fellow who still lives with his overbearing, abusive and paranoid mother (Anne Ramsey). Owen fantasizes about killing his mother but can't summon the courage to bring his

This is a document about Throw Momma from the Train
 Throw Momma from the Train Throw Momma from the Train is a 1987 American black comedy film directed by and starring Danny DeVito in his directorial feature film debut. The film co-stars Billy Crystal, Rob Reiner, Anne Ramsey, Branford Marsalis, Kim Greist, and Kate Mulgrew appearing in supporting roles. The title comes from Patti Page's 1956 hit song, "Mama from the Train (A Kiss, A Kiss)". The film was inspired by the 1951 Alfred Hitchcock thriller "Strangers on a Train", which is also seen in the film. The film received mixed reviews, but was a commercial success. Anne Ramsey was

This is a document about Anne Ramsey
 Anne Ramsey Angelina "Anne" Ramsey (March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American stage, television, and film actress. She portrayed Mama Fratelli in "The Goonies" (1985) and Mrs. Lift, mother of Danny DeVito's protagonist, in "Throw Momma from the Train" (1987). The latter film saw Ramsey nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Anne Ramsey was born Angelina Mobley in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Eleanor (née Smith), the former national treasurer of the Girl Scouts of the USA, and Nathan Mobley, an insurance executive. Her mother was a descendant of

This is a document about Danny DeVito
 and its 1985 sequel, "The Jewel of the Nile". In 1986, DeVito starred in "Ruthless People" with Bette Midler and Judge Reinhold, and in 1987, he made his feature-directing debut with the dark comedy "Throw Momma from the Train", in which he starred with Billy Crystal and Anne Ramsey. Two years later, DeVito reunited with Douglas and Turner in "The War of the Roses", which he directed and in which he co-starred. DeVito's work during this time includes "Other People's Money" with Gregory Peck, director Barry Levinson's "Tin Men" as a competitive rival salesman to Richard Dreyfuss' character, two co-starring

This is a document about Throw Momma from the Train
  Throw Momma from the Train is a 1987 American black comedy film directed by and starring Danny DeVito, also starring Billy Crystal and Anne Ramsey, with Rob Reiner, Branford Marsalis, Kim Greist and Kate Mulgrew appearing in supporting roles. The title comes from Patti Page's 1956 hit song, "Mama from the Train (A Kiss, A Kiss)". The film was inspired by the 1951 Alfred Hitchcock thriller Strangers on a Train, which is also seen in the film. The film received mixed reviews, but was a commercial success. Anne Ramsey was singled out for praise for her portrayal of the overbearing Mrs. Lift; she won a Saturn Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

This is a document about Throw Momma from the Train
  Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 63% based on reviews from 35 critics, with the consensus being that "Danny DeVito's direction is too broad to offer the kind of nastiness that would have made Throw Momma from the Train truly special, but DeVito's on-screen chemistry with co-star Billy Crystal makes this a smoothly entertaining comedy." Audiences polled by Cinemascore gave the film a C+ grade on a scale from A+ to F.

This is a document about Anne Ramsey
  Angelina "Anne" Ramsey (née Mobley; March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American actress. She is best known for her film roles as Mama Fratelli in The Goonies (1985) and as Mrs. Lift in Throw Momma from the Train (1987), the latter of which earned her nominations for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.

This is a document about Mama from the Train
 Homer and Jethro, a country music comedy team, recorded a parody of this song that included the lines "Throw mama from the train, but quick, but quick." ; In New York City during the 1950s, Jewish street vendors who sold knishes near subway train stations lettered signs that punned, "Throw Mama from the train a knish, a knish ... don't leave her hungry behind". ; In 1987, Danny DeVito and Billy Crystal starred in the dark comedy film Throw Momma From the Train, which was also based in part on the 1951 Alfred Hitchcock film Strangers on a Train. The title, as printed on the sheet music — Mama From the Train (A Kiss, A Kiss) — and the first line of the refrain — "Throw Mama from the train a kiss, a kiss" — inspired two parodies:

This is a document about Anne Ramsey
  In the 1970s, Ramsey began a successful Hollywood career in character roles and appeared in such television programs as Little House on the Prairie, Wonder Woman, Three's Company and Ironside. She appeared with her husband in seven films, including her first, The Sporting Club (1971), and her last, Meet the Hollowheads (1989). In 1988, Ramsey was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance in Throw Momma from the Train (1987), with Billy Crystal and Danny DeVito. The film also earned her a second Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress; she had received her first for The Goonies (1985). In February 1988, she guest-starred on an episode of ALF that aired six months before her death. She also appeared in six films released in the two years after her death.

This is a document about Thelma Harper
  Thelma Mae Harper (nee Crowley), better known as Mama, is a fictional character played by American actress Vicki Lawrence. Mama is a purse-lipped, thickset senior citizen who has lived in an unspecified part of the Southern United States called "Raytown" for her entire life, evident from the southern drawl of her speech and customs. She is an exaggerated version of a prototype middle twentieth century lower middle class grandmother in the United States South. The character was originally created for Carol Burnett, however, Burnett preferred to play Mama's daughter Eunice Harper Higgins, resulting in Mama as Lawrence's claim to fame. The Mama character first appeared in "The Family" sketches on The Carol Burnett Show (1974–78) and Carol Burnett & Company (1979); followed by Eunice

This is a document about The Shifting Heart
 Madge Ryan as Momma ; Alan Bickford as Gino ; Tom Oliver as Clarrie ; Anne Charleston as Maria ; Syd Conabere as Poppa ; Penny Shelton as Leila ; Terry Norris as Donny ; Blair Edgar as Lukie ; Berys Marsh

This is a document about Rainy Days (film)
 Lyle Tayo as Mom ; Charles A. Bachman as Undetermined role

This is a document about Vicki Lawrence
  Vicki Ann Lawrence (née Axelrad; born March 26, 1949), sometimes credited as Vicki Lawrence Schultz, is an American actress, comedian, and pop music singer. She is best known for her character Mama (Thelma Harper). Lawrence originated a multitude of characters beyond Mama on CBS's The Carol Burnett Show from 1967 to 1978, the variety show's entire series run. In The Carol Burnett Shows 7th season, Lawrence debuted her famed Mama role on a comedy sketch called The Family. Only created as a one-off skit, The Familys unexpected success  with audiences led to it having recurring installments for the final 5 seasons of The Carol Burnett Show. Breeding some of The Carol Burnett Shows most famed moments and bloopers, Lawrence portrayed the character of a cold, unaffectionate, widowed and elderly mother to the neurotic, misfortunate Eunice (played by Burnett despite Lawrence being 16

This is a document about Carol Bruce
  After a long career as a singer and in films, Bruce is probably best-remembered for her recurring role as the domineering and meddlesome Lillian "Mama" Carlson (mother of the station manager played by Gordon Jump) on CBS' WKRP in Cincinnati. In real life, Bruce was only 12 years older than Jump. Sylvia Sidney played Mr. Carlson's mother in the pilot episode.

This is a document about Ruth Olay
  Olay was born in San Francisco, California in July 1924. Initially a piano prodigy, her interest in music developed from exposure to her mother's professional chorus singing work. At age 16 or 17, working as secretary at Twentieth Century Fox, Olay undertook singing lessons with vocal coach Florence Russell (Dorothy Dandridge). While at work, she met one of Duke Ellington's vocalists, Ivie Anderson. Together they attended the venue where Ellington was playing and Olay was persuaded to sing. In 1942, at her mother's remarriage party she sang and impressed a guest, the wife of songwriter Irving Gordon (Throw Mama From the Train, Unforgettable). Gordon in turn introduced Olay to jazz musician Benny Carter who became her musical mentor. She performed under the moniker

This is a document about Halloween with the New Addams Family
  Blossom Rock, who had originally portrayed Grandmama, was ill at the time of the production (she died in January 1978, nearly three months after this special aired), causing her role to be given to actress Jane Rose. Margaret Hamilton, who had portrayed Mother Frump, declined to appear in the film; her role was played by actress Elvia Allman. Character actors Parley Baer and Vito Scotti, who both had recurring roles in the original series, also appeared in the movie, but as different characters than they had portrayed originally.

This is a document about Boxcar Bertha
  After the success of Bloody Mama, Roger Corman wanted to make another female gangster film. Julie Corman researched female gangsters and came across the story of Boxcar Bertha. Martin Scorsese was hired to direct on the strength of his first feature. He was given the lead actors, including Barbara Hershey, David Carradine, and Barry Primus, and a shooting schedule of 24 days in Arkansas. The Reader Railroad was used for the train scenes. The locomotive in those scenes was 1920 Baldwin 2-6-2 #108, which later saw service on the Conway Scenic Railroad in the late 1970s. The engine is currently at the Blacklands Railroad yard in Sulphur Springs,

This is a document about Mabel Albertson
  Carol & Ted & Alice, Donald Hollinger's mother on That Girl, Irene Brady in The Tom Ewell Show, Howard Sprague's mother on The Andy Griffith Show, Miss Ramsey on Hazel, Mrs. White on The Lucy Show episode "Lucy and the Missing Stamp", Eileen Ruby, Harry Ruby's wife, in Make Room For Daddy episode "Danny Goes On USO Tour", Dick Van Dyke's mother on The New Dick Van Dyke Show, and Ethel Kendricks on the Mary Tyler Moore Show episode "Anyone Who Hates Kids and Dogs", Gertrude Mills on The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show. Rawhide Season 2 Episode 24 as Kalla, Gypsy Queen. In the 1963 episode of Gunsmoke, "Kate Heller", she played the title character, as well as “Gody Baines” in a 1961 episode (Long, Long Trail). In 1966 she played Madam Adella in the Bonanza episode "A Dollar's Worth of Trouble".

This is a document about Strangers on a Train (film)
  Strangers on a Train was adapted for the radio program Lux Radio Theatre on two occasions: on December 3, 1951, with Ruth Roman, Frank Lovejoy, and Ray Milland, and on April 12, 1954, with Virginia Mayo, Dana Andrews, and Robert Cummings. BBC Radio 4's Afternoon Play broadcast on 29 September 2011 was Strangers on a Film by Stephen Wyatt, which gives an imagined account of a series of meetings between Hitchcock (Clive Swift) and Raymond Chandler (Patrick Stewart), as they unsuccessfully attempt to create the screenplay for Strangers on a Train. The 1987 film Throw Momma from the Train by Danny DeVito was inspired by Strangers on a Train, which is also watched by DeVito's character in the film.

Anne Ramsey played the role of "Mama" in "Throw Momma from the Train."