Question: what is the caterpillar smoking in alice in wonderland

Answer: a hookah

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
 and "U". Alice remarks in the original story that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn. The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Carroll story, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very violent character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face and when she needs assistance he ignores her. He is

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
 Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height, the virtues of which, he defends against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences,

This is a document about Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
 her giant arm. The crowd hurls pebbles at her, which turn into little cakes. Alice eats them, and they reduce her again in size. Chapter Five – Advice from a Caterpillar: Alice comes upon a mushroom and sitting on it is a blue Caterpillar smoking a hookah. The Caterpillar questions Alice and she admits to her current identity crisis, compounded by her inability to remember a poem. Before crawling away, the caterpillar tells Alice that one side of the mushroom will make her taller and the other side will make her shorter. She breaks off two pieces from the mushroom.

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
 her urgent attention. He isn't seen again for the rest of the film but makes a cameo in the credits. This was also his final film performance and the film is dedicated in his memory. Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland) The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height, the virtues of which,

This is a document about Insects in literature
 caterpillar for Lewis Carroll's "Alice in Wonderland", c. 1865. The caterpillar is seated on a toadstool and is smoking a hookah pipe; the image can be read as showing either the forelegs of the larva, or as suggesting a face with protruding nose and chin. H.G. Wells wrote about intelligent ants destroying human settlements in Brazil and threatening human civilization in his 1905 science-fiction short story, "The Empire of the Ants." He made use of giant wasps in his 1904 novel "The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth": In 1917 the ghost story author Algernon Blackwood

This is a document about Malice in Wonderland: The Dolls Movie
 creatures who would make Lewis Carrol turn over in his grave. Alice's white rabbit, now incarnated as a rapping, hip-hop “White Chocolate,” becomes the first of many encounters with eccentric characters who have found their way into Wonderland, including a boozy Glinda the Good Witch (who has a very strange relationship with her munchkins), a hookah smoking Penispillar in his mushroom forest and a naughty Cheshire Cat, smiling for all the wrong reasons. Then, after stumbling upon Trannie Dee and Trannie Dum’s trailer park where Alice is introduced to a little Wonderland magic, the Mad Hatter serves up Titmouse tea

This is a document about Don't Come Around Here No More
 in Wonderland" and was directed by Jeff Stein. Dave Stewart appears as the caterpillar at the beginning, sitting on a mushroom with a hookah water pipe while playing a sitar. Petty appears in the video dressed as The Mad Hatter, and actress Louise “Wish” Foley played Alice. At the climax of the video, Alice is turned into a cake and is eaten by Petty and even friends of her own. The video ends with her being swallowed whole by Petty, after which he gives a small burp and pats his mouth dry. The Heartbreakers Additional personnel Susanna of Susanna and

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
  The Caterpillar (also known as the Hookah-Smoking Caterpillar) is a fictional character appearing in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
  Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height, the virtues of which, he defends against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences, or difficult questions. The original illustration by John Tenniel is something of a visual paradox, wherein the caterpillar's human face appears to be formed from the head and legs of a naturalistic caterpillar.

This is a document about List of films featuring insects
 Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland - a caterpillar

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
  His memorable phrase is a breathy "Whooo ... are ... you?". In the Disney animated film, this line is visualised as exhalations of smoke in the shapes "O", "R" and "U". Alice remarks in the original story that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn. The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Carroll story, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very forthright character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face

This is a document about Butterfly
  in bottles, laminated in paper, and used in some mixed media artworks and furnishings. The Norwegian naturalist Kjell Sandved compiled a photographic Butterfly Alphabet containing all 26 letters and the numerals 0 to 9 from the wings of butterflies.  Sir John Tenniel drew a famous illustration of Alice meeting a caterpillar for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, c. 1865. The caterpillar is seated on a toadstool and is smoking a hookah; the image can be read as showing either the forelegs of the larva, or as suggesting a face with protruding nose and chin. Eric Carle's children's book The Very Hungry Caterpillar portrays the larva as an

This is a document about Adventures in Wonderland
  advice on any problems she may have. ; The Caterpillar (performed by Wesley Mann) – This mammoth-sized insect is Wonderland's wisest resident. When the Caterpillar speaks, he draws out his vowels in a long, deep voice. As a bug, he has three pairs of hands, which he often uses in tandem to complete tasks. The Caterpillar has a book of wondrous stories, similar to fables in their animal characters and simple morals. The characters often visit the Caterpillar in his mushroom glen to seek advice, which comes in the form of a story. Occasionally, he leaves his patch to visit

This is a document about Wonderland (musical)
  she's always one step ahead of everyone else in her selfish plans, and isn't afraid to show it. Played by Kate Shindle. Caterpillar - A mysterious creature that always speaks in riddles. Though he may think he's helping he doesn't explain his meanings of the riddles that he speaks. Even through the twisting of words he helps Alice along the way on her adventure. Played by E. Clayton Cornelious. El Gato - An enthusiastic creature that Alice runs into in Wonderland. He's a take on the Cheshire cat and shares the same characteristics, except of course floating and disappearing; though he doesn't quite know

This is a document about Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)
  Alan Rickman voices the Caterpillar, who in this adaptation is named Absolem. Rickman was filmed while recording his voice in a studio, but his face was not composited onto the character's face as originally planned. He appears five times in the movie. The first time is outside Wonderland, when a young man named Hamish Ascot is about to propose to Alice and she notices a blue caterpillar on his shoulder. The second time is when Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and the Uilleam the Dodo consider Alice's identity, and they consult him. Absolem appears in a thick cloud of hookah smoke, which he blows at Alice. He appears again after Alice

This is a document about Insects in literature
   Insects have repeatedly been used in literature as strange or alien beings. Sir John Tenniel drew a famous illustration of Alice meeting a caterpillar for Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, c. 1865. The caterpillar is seated on a toadstool and is smoking a hookah pipe; the image can be read as showing either the forelegs of the larva, or as suggesting a face with protruding nose and chin. H.G. Wells wrote about intelligent ants destroying human settlements in Brazil and threatening human civilization in his 1905 science-fiction short story, The Empire of the Ants. He made use of giant wasps in his 1904 novel The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth: "It flew,

This is a document about Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)
  her to shrink to three inches tall. Continuing to follow the Rabbit, Alice meets a garden of talking flowers who initially welcome her with a song, but then banish her, believing that humans are a type of weed. Alice then encounters a Caterpillar, who becomes enraged at Alice after she laments her small size (which is the same as the Caterpillar's), after which the Caterpillar turns into a butterfly and flies away. Before leaving, the Caterpillar advises Alice to eat a piece from different sides of a mushroom to alter her size. Following a period of trial and error, she returns to her original height and keeps the remaining pieces in her

This is a document about Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)
  participate in a Caucus Race, where everyone wins. Alice again encounters the White Rabbit, who directs her to his house. Alice comes across a bottle of liquid which makes her grow and leaves her trapped in the house. The White Rabbit and his gardeners Pat (Jason Byrne) and Bill (Paddy Joyce) attempt to remove Alice by going down the chimney, but Alice shrinks again. Wandering in a forest, she meets Major Caterpillar (Ben Kingsley), who transforms into a butterfly. Alice returns to normal size by eating part of a mushroom. In a nearby manor house she meets the musical Duchess (Elizabeth Spriggs), her baby, her pepper-obsessed, plate-throwing cook (Sheila Hancock) and the Cheshire Cat (Whoopi Goldberg).

This is a document about List of Once Upon a Time characters
  London. The Caterpillar (seasons 1, 6, Wonderland) voiced by Roger Daltrey and Iggy Pop, is an inhabitant of Wonderland who resides on a mushroom where he is always smoking. The Caterpillar is the boss of a group of warriors called Collectors who are sent to collect the debts to the Caterpillar from anyone. The Knave of Hearts is in debt to the Caterpillar. Cyrus once traded his compass to the Caterpillar in exchange for an invisible tent at the edge of the Outlands. Sometime later, when Jefferson and the Evil Queen comes to Wonderland, they are greeted by the

The Caterpillar in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" smokes a hookah pipe.


Question: who is the girl that plays in good luck charlie

Answer: Bridgit Mendler

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
 Bob (Eric Allan Kramer), an exterminator, return to work, they ask their three older children—PJ (Jason Dolley), Teddy (Bridgit Mendler), and Gabe (Bradley Steven Perry)—to help raise their little sister. At the same time, Teddy, PJ, and Gabe try to deal with school and general social challenges in their lives. The events in each episode become material for a video diary that Teddy is making for Charlie. Teddy hopes the videos will provide useful advice for Charlie after they have both grown up and Teddy has moved out. At the end of each video, she (and/or other cast members) says,

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
 not only had to carry the show, they also had to have "pitch-perfect" chemistry with each other to make the family dynamic believable". Bonnet says Disney Channel executives "just fell in love with" Bridgit Mendler, who stars as teenaged Teddy Duncan. "She has all the attributes of a Disney star", said Bonnet. Mendler first heard about "Good Luck Charlie" in late November 2008. After several rounds of auditions and cast reads, she finally secured the part in January 2009. Mendler and Jason Dolley, who plays Teddy's older brother PJ, have starred in preceding Disney Channel series and movies before both

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!
 Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas! Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas! (also known as Good Luck Charlie: The Road Trip Movie in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a 2011 Christmas film based on the Disney Channel Original Series "Good Luck Charlie". The film was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by Geoff Rodkey, and stars Bridgit Mendler, Leigh-Allyn Baker, Bradley Steven Perry, Mia Talerico, Eric Allan Kramer, and Jason Dolley as the Duncan family. The Disney Channel Original Movie follows the Duncan family on their road trip to Amy Duncan's parents' house for Christmas. It premiered on December 2, 2011

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
 Good Luck Charlie Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010, to February 16, 2014. The series' creators, Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen, wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. It focuses on the Duncan family of Denver as they adjust to the births of their fourth and fifth children, Charlotte "Charlie" (Mia Talerico) and Toby (Logan Moreau). In each episode, Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler) adds to a video diary that contains advice for Charlie about their family and life as a teenager. Teddy

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
 to reflect themes of diversity and inclusiveness." Disney aired the episode as planned on January 26, 2014. Good Luck Charlie Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010, to February 16, 2014. The series' creators, Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen, wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. It focuses on the Duncan family of Denver as they adjust to the births of their fourth and fifth children, Charlotte "Charlie" (Mia Talerico) and Toby (Logan Moreau). In each episode, Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler) adds to

This is a document about Raven Goodwin
 since. She is also best known for the role of Ivy Wentz, the best friend of Teddy Duncan (portrayed by Bridgit Mendler) on the Disney comedy, "Good Luck Charlie". Goodwin currently stars in the BET drama series, "Being Mary Jane", as Niecy Patterson, Mary Jane's niece who is a young single mother. Raven Goodwin Raven Shamira Goodwin (born June 24, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for portraying Teddy Duncan's best friend Ivy Wentz, on the Disney Channel Original Series "Good Luck Charlie" and as Tangie Cunningham on the Nickelodeon original television series "Just Jordan", which starred

This is a document about Disney Fairies: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust
 "We'll Be There", while the album version is sung by Thia Megia. "The Great Divide" is sung by the McClain Sisters. This album also includes singles from Disney Channel stars, featuring Zendaya from "Shake It Up", Bridgit Mendler from "Good Luck Charlie", Demi Lovato from "Camp Rock" & "Sonny with a Chance", Laura Marano from "Austin & Ally", Tiffany Thornton from "Sonny with a Chance", Sabrina Carpenter from Girl Meets World, and Selena Gomez from "Wizards of Waverly Place". They perform "Dig Down Deeper", "How To Believe", "Gift of a Friend", "Shine", "Magic Mirror", "Smile", and "Fly to Your Heart",

This is a document about Jessie (2011 TV series)
 the series as 6 of the 101 produced episodes were combined into 3 extended length specials for broadcast and video sales. In November 2012, Disney Channel announced that the show would crossover with "Austin & Ally" as a one-hour special episode titled "Austin & Jessie & Ally All Star New Year". The episode aired December 7, 2012. In October 2013, Disney Channel announced a crossover episode of "Jessie" and "Good Luck Charlie" called "Good Luck Jessie: NYC Christmas". In the episode, PJ (Jason Dolley) and Teddy (Bridgit Mendler) go to New York for Christmas Eve and stay with Jessie for

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
  Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010, to February 16, 2014. The series' creators, Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen, wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. It focuses on the Duncan family of Denver as they adjust to the births of their fourth and fifth children, Charlotte "Charlie" (Mia Talerico) and Toby (Logan Moreau). In each episode, Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler) adds to a video diary that contains advice for Charlie about their family and life as a teenager. Teddy tries to show Charlie what she might go through when she is older for future reference. Each video diary ends with Teddy (or another family member, even Charlie) saying the eponymous phrase, "Good luck,

This is a document about Good Luck Charlie
  As Good Luck Charlie is low concept and character-driven, "the actors not only had to carry the show, they also had to have "pitch-perfect" chemistry with each other to make the family dynamic believable". Bonnet says Disney Channel executives "just fell in love with" Bridgit Mendler, who stars as teenaged Teddy Duncan. "She has all the attributes of a Disney star", said Bonnet. Mendler first heard about Good Luck Charlie in late November 2008. After several rounds of auditions and cast reads, she finally secured the part in January 2009. Mendler and Jason Dolley, who plays Teddy's older brother PJ, have starred in preceding Disney Channel series and movies before both were cast in Good Luck Charlie;

This is a document about List of Good Luck Charlie episodes
  Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom that originally aired on Disney Channel from April 4, 2010 to February 16, 2014. The series revolves around Teddy Duncan (Bridgit Mendler), a teenage girl who makes video diaries for her little sister Charlie (Mia Talerico) about her family and life as a teenager. The video diaries are made to help Charlie when she grows up. The series also stars Jason Dolley as PJ; Bradley Steven Perry as Gabe; and Leigh-Allyn Baker and Eric Allan Kramer as Amy and Bob Duncan, the children's parents.

This is a document about Best of Luck Nikki
  Chopra (Season 1-3): Dolly's boyfriend in the second season. She initially did not like him and used to call him "Rakshas Rahul" in season 1 but they eventually start dating, but have broken up by season three. He is also based on the Good Luck Charlie character Spencer Walsh. ; Abhishek Sharma as Ayaan (Season 3-4): He is Dolly's college boyfriend in season three, but they broke up when Ayaan moved to go to college in Mumbai. He is based on the Good Luck Charlie character Spencer Walsh, played by Shane Harper. ; Ahsaas Channa as Riya Gill (Season 3-4): She is Roli Aunty's granddaughter and later Sunny's girlfriend. In Good Luck

This is a document about Bridgit Mendler
  Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992 ) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. In 2004, she began her career in the animated Indian film The Legend of Buddha, later starring in the films Alice Upside Down (2007), The Clique (2008), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009) and Labor Pains (2009) as a teenager. In 2009, Mendler signed with Disney Channel and played Juliet van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place. Following the positive reception to her character, she landed the role of Teddy Duncan on the Disney series Good Luck Charlie, which ran from April 2010 to

This is a document about List of Good Luck Charlie episodes
  On July 12, 2012, Disney Channel renewed Good Luck Charlie for a fourth season. The fourth season premiered on April 28, 2013 with a guest appearance by The Muppets. Logan Moreau will guest star as Toby Duncan throughout the fourth season. Luke Benward also recurred in a six-episode arc this season. Benward and Jason Dolley previously worked together in the 2008 Disney Channel Original Movie Minutemen. Ava Sambora (daughter of Heather Locklear and Richie Sambora) guest starred in the episode "Futuredrama" as an older version of Charlie. It was confirmed on June 11, 2013 that season 4 is the final season, slated to end on February 16, 2014. On June 20, 2013, it was announced that one of the final episodes of the series will feature a lesbian couple, the first episode of a Disney Channel series to do so.

This is a document about Revolver (2005 film)
  good 'luck', and is blacklisted by many casinos. The Formula applies to any game, and is often exemplified by Jake's apparent mastery of chess. Meanwhile, Macha brokers a cocaine deal with Lily Walker (Francesca Annis), the advisor of unseen crime kingpin Sam Gold, who is supposedly the "ultimate figure" that all other underworld members aspire to be. Walker warns Macha that Sam Gold is not someone to be delayed and emphasizes that he "hates publicity". Jake accompanies Avi and Zach as they perform a heist of a vault full of the cocaine from Macha's casino. Desperate that he is

This is a document about Best of Luck Nikki
  is often portrayed as dutiful, protective, and comedic. Himani is the equivalent of Amy Duncan in Good Luck Charlie, played by Leigh-Allyn Baker. ; Anannya Kolvankar as Nikita "Nikki" Singh: She is the fourth-youngest Singh child. Nikki is the equivalent of Charlie Duncan, played by Mia Talerico. She is loved by everyone. ; Aakash Nair as Sunny Singh: He is the middle Singh child, the younger brother of Rohan and Dolly and the older brother of Nikki and Bobby and Kookie. He is a prankster and troublemaker, often sarcastic and lazy, but can also be dutiful and determined. Sunny's equivalent is Gabe Duncan, played by Bradley Steven Perry. ; Gireesh Sahedev as Avatar Singh: He is the father

This is a document about Shake It Up (American TV series)
  On June 5, 2011, a Good Luck Charlie episode "Charlie Shakes It Up" premiered. In this episode Good Luck Charlie characters Teddy, Amy and Charlie all go to Chicago to visit their great-aunt Nell so they can get into the will and get rich. When they arrive, they take the wrong car and are mistaken for the Duncan Sisters (two famous dancers) on Shake It Up Chicago!. Rocky and CeCe notice that they are imposters when Flynn wants to get the real Duncan Sisters' autograph. After Teddy and Amy explain the truth, the real Duncan Sisters appear into the studio. Deuce locks them into the janitor's closet and Teddy, Amy and Charlie perform. Only CeCe, Rocky, Deuce, Flynn, and Gary appeared in the crossover because Disney claimed they only needed "base characters". It was counted as a "Good Luck Charlie" episode and not a "Shake It Up" episode.

This is a document about List of The Clique characters
  crush on Dune, a cute surfer, but later develops a crush on Dempsey Solomon, her new neighbor, who is being fought over by Layne and Massie. In Boys R Us, they develop a relationship, which irritates both Massie and Layne. That was the first real fight between Massie and Kristen. She is described as having blonde hair and aqua blue eyes. Kristen is played by Bridgit Mendler in the Clique film. In a pull out poster in the last book her plans for the future would be a soccer player. Bridget also plays on "Good Luck Charlie" as Teddy Duncan.

This is a document about Raven Goodwin
  In 2010, Goodwin was cast in the main role of Becca in the sitcom Huge, which ran for a season. The show averaged roughly a million viewers per episode. Later that year, Goodwin was cast as the recurring role of Ivy Wentz in Disney Channel sitcom Good Luck Charlie. Following this, Goodwin played the role of Sheila on Fox's comedy-drama Glee for three episodes, and appeared as Desiree in American sitcom New Girl. Her role on Good Luck Charlie earned particular praise. In 2013, Goodwin was cast in the main role of Niecy Patterson, the niece of Gabrielle Union's character, in the American drama series

Bridgit Mendler plays the girl, Teddy Duncan, in "Good Luck Charlie."


Question: who did the city council of siena commission to fresco the city hall with scenes of the government

Answer: Ambrogio Lorenzetti

This is a document about The Allegory of Good and Bad Government
 The Allegory of Good and Bad Government The Allegory of Good and Bad Government is a series of three fresco panels painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti between February 1338 and May 1339. The paintings are located in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico—specifically in the "Sala dei Nove" ("Salon of Nine"), the council hall of the Republic of Siena's nine executive magistrates, elected officials who performed executive functions (and judicial ones in secular matters). The paintings have been construed as being "designed to remind the Nine [magistrates] of just how much was at stake as they made their decisions". Considered Lorenzetti's "undisputed masterpiece", the

This is a document about Renaissance
 the 12th century, noticed a widespread new form of political and social organization, observing that Italy appeared to have exited from Feudalism so that its society was based on merchants and commerce. Linked to this was anti-monarchical thinking, represented in the famous early Renaissance fresco cycle "Allegory of Good and Bad Government in Siena" by Ambrogio Lorenzetti (painted 1338–1340), whose strong message is about the virtues of fairness, justice, republicanism and good administration. Holding both Church and Empire at bay, these city republics were devoted to notions of liberty. Skinner reports that there were many defences of liberty such as

This is a document about Guidoriccio da Fogliano at the Siege of Montemassi
  The murals in the Palazzo Pubblico were commissioned by the Council of Nine, Siena's ruling body. The murals capture important triumphs in the history of Siena. From the beginning of the 14th century the city council commissioned murals of castles and cities that were conquered by Siena. By decorating the meeting room of the Council of Nine with these images, it was made clear that these cities and castles were now the inalienable property of Siena. In this sense, the frescoes can be seen as an artistic form of political propaganda. These frescoes eventually filled two walls of the meeting room in the Palazzo Pubblico. Between

This is a document about Republic of Siena
  Siena rivaled Florence in the arts throughout the 13th and 14th centuries: the important late medieval painter Duccio (1253–1319) was a Sienese, but worked across the peninsula. The mural titled "Allegory of Good Government" (Allegoria del Buon Governo) painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in 1338–39 at the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena's town hall, is considered a magnificent example of late-Medieval/early Renaissance art as well as a representation of the utopia of urban society as conceived during that period.

This is a document about Bartolo di Fredi
  Scenes from the Old Testament; the completed work was signed and dated in 1367. In 1366 the Council of the city of Gimignano ordered a painting, representing Two Monks of the Augustine Order to be placed in the Palazzo Pubblico, in order to commemorate the settlement of some disputes which had long existed between that order and the city. In the early part of 1367 he was employed, along with Giacomo di Mino, in the decoration of the Cathedral of Siena. In 1372 he rose to a position in the government of the city, and was sent to welcome the new Podestà on his approach to Siena.

This is a document about The Allegory of Good and Bad Government
  The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government series was commissioned entirely by a civic group, the Council of Nine (the city council). Unlike most art at the time, the subject matter is civic rather than religious. The Republic of Siena was one of the most powerful of the 14th-century Italian city-states, an urban hub filled with bankers and merchants with many international contacts. The 14th century was a turbulent time for politics in the Italian cities due to constant violent party struggles; governments were overthrown, and governments were reinstated.

This is a document about Italian Renaissance painting
  most common theme being the Madonna and Child. Throughout the period, civic commissions were also important. Local government buildings were decorated with frescoes and other works both secular, such as Ambrogio Lorenzetti's The Allegory of Good and Bad Government, and religious, such as Simone Martini's fresco of the Maestà, in the Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. Portraiture was uncommon in the 14th and early 15th centuries, mostly limited to civic commemorative pictures such as the equestrian portraits of Guidoriccio da Fogliano by Simone Martini, 1327, in Siena and, of the early 15th century, John Hawkwood by Uccello in Florence Cathedral and its companion portraying Niccolò da Tolentino by

This is a document about The Allegory of Good and Bad Government
 Allegory of Good Government ; Allegory of Bad Government ; Effects of Bad Government in the City ; Effects of Bad Government in the Country ; Effects of Good Government in the City ; Effects of Good Government in the Country  The Allegory of Good and Bad Government is a series of three fresco panels painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti between February 1338 and May 1339. The paintings are located in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico—specifically in the Sala dei Nove ("Salon of Nine"), the council hall of the Republic of Siena's nine executive magistrates, elected officials who performed executive functions (and judicial ones in secular matters). The paintings have been construed as being "designed to remind the Nine [magistrates] of just how much was at stake as they made their decisions". Considered Lorenzetti's "undisputed masterpiece", the series consists of six different scenes (the titles are all modern conveniences):

This is a document about Guidoriccio da Fogliano at the Siege of Montemassi
  The Castle of Montemassi is clearly recognizable in the Guidoriccio. Therefore, it was long believed that this must be the fresco that Simone Martine was commissioned to paint by the Sienese city government in 1330. This assumption was challenged in 1977 by the American art historians Gordon Moran and Michael Mallory. At first, they claimed that while most of the fresco had indeed been painted by Martini, the central image of the horseman had not. They came to this conclusion because in their view horse and rider are not really part of the wider scene. They also pointed out that commander Guidoriccio da Fogliano changed his allegiance to on an enemy of Siena in 1333. It seemed unlikely that the Council of Nine would

This is a document about Palazzo Vecchio
  to paint on the opposite wall. Pope Julius II called him to Rome to paint the Sistine Chapel, and the master's sketches were destroyed by eager young artists who came to study them and took away scraps. The surviving decorations in this hall were made between 1555 and 1572 by Giorgio Vasari and his helpers, among them Livio Agresti from Forlì. They mark the culmination of mannerism and make this hall the showpiece of the palace.  On the walls are large and expansive frescoes that depict battles and military victories by Florence over Pisa and Siena: The ceiling consists of 39 panels constructed and

This is a document about Palazzo Vecchio
  it as a seat of the Grand Council (Consiglio Maggiore) consisting of 500 members. Later the hall was enlarged by Giorgio Vasari so that Grand Duke Cosimo I could hold his court in this chamber. During this transformation, famous (but unfinished) works were lost, including the Battle of Cascina by Michelangelo, and the Battle of Anghiari by Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was commissioned in 1503 to paint one long wall with a battle scene celebrating a famous Florentine victory. He was always trying new methods and materials and decided to mix wax into his pigments. Da Vinci had finished painting part of the wall, but

This is a document about List of mayors of Siena
 Notes From 1946 to 1993 the Mayor of Siena was elected by the City Council.

This is a document about The Allegory of Good and Bad Government
  On the longer wall of the room in the Salla is the fresco The Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country. Part of that fresco is Peaceful City. This panoramic fresco represents several scenes indicating the life of Siena and its environment in the 14th century. This painting provides the first accurate panoramic view of city and country (landscape) since antiquity; viewers can identify the city of Siena, as opposed to ambiguous settings found in other works of the time. The city is filled with clustered palaces, markets, towers, churches, streets and walls. All of these aspects are reminiscent of town scenes found on ancient Roman murals. There are many shops, indicating good commerce and economic conditions. The traffic moves peacefully, guild members work at their trades, a wedding procession takes place, and maidens can be seen dancing gracefully. Dancers were common

This is a document about Gentile de' Becchi
  synod of the local clergy and succeeded in returning the normal spiritual and ecclesiastical life to the City of Florence. At the synod, de' Becchi delivered a speech in which he refuted all the arguments put forward by the Pope for the sanctions, and accused the Pope Sixtus of being behind the attack, in order to bring Florence under his control. The speech was immediately printed by Niccolò della Magna and circulated. It is probable that for this reason Gentile de' Becchi's proposal as cardinal was rejected by the Pope. In 1481, Sixtus commissioned a team of painters including Florentines Botticelli and Domenico Ghirlandaio to take part in the painting of a series of narrative frescos in the Sistine Chapel. This was part of healing the breach between Florence and the Vatican.

This is a document about Doge's Palace
  only remnant of the original decorations. ; The Guariento Room's name is due to the fact it houses a fresco painted by the Paduan artist Guariento around 1365. Almost completely destroyed in the 1577 fire, the remains of that fresco were, in 1903, rediscovered under the large canvas Il Paradiso which Tintoretto was commissioned to paint. Restructured in the 14th century, the Chamber of the Great Council was decorated with a fresco by Guariento and later with works by the most famous artists of the period, including Gentile da Fabriano, Pisanello, Alvise Vivarini, Vittore Carpaccio, Giovanni Bellini, Pordenone and Titian, along

This is a document about Ambrogio Lorenzetti
  of the Sienese painter is a Madonna and Child (1319, Museo Diocesano, San Casciano). His presence was documented in Florence up until 1321. He would return there after spending a number of years in Siena. Later he painted The Allegory of Good and Bad Government. The frescoes on the walls of the Room of the Nine (Sala dei Nove) or Room of Peace (Sala della Pace) in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico are one of the masterworks of early Renaissance secular painting. The "nine" was the oligarchal assembly of guild and monetary interests that governed the republic. Three walls are painted with frescoes consisting of a large assembly of allegorical figures of virtues in

This is a document about Council of Nine
  The Republic of Siena in Italy was ruled by the Council of Nine during the early Renaissance. Its members were changed every two months.

This is a document about Serravalle Altarpiece
  The town council of Serravalle commissioned the painting for the church in spring 1542, initially choosing the local painter Francesco da Milano but later voting to replace him with Titian, who was also commissioned to paint the Castello Roganzuolo Altarpiece that year. The contract with Titian was drawn up in autumn 1512 and total payment eventually amounted to 250 ducats. Probably completed between 1547 and 1548, the work was only delivered in the 1550s thanks to problems over the final payment to the artist - legal disputes over payment continued even after the work's delivery. The work's condition was already deteriorating in the 17th century and this was worsened by several failed restorations, such as that of 1865. Its original colours were restored by two successful conservation efforts between 1991 and 2000.

This is a document about Palazzo Pubblico
  Good Government, the prosperous townspeople are trading and dancing in the streets. Beyond the city walls is a lush countryside in which crops are harvested. In the allegory of Bad Government, crime is rampant and diseased citizens roam a crumbling city; the countryside suffers from drought. Many of the frescoes in the Palace, including these, are badly damaged potentially due to salt once stored in the basement of the building. It is theoretically possible that the salts wicked moisture down from the walls, causing the plaster to dry excessively and the frescoes to flake off. Other frescoes include that of Guidoriccio da Fogliano at the siege of Montemassi, located in the Great Council Hall (Sala del

This is a document about Palazzo Spada (Terni)
  town hall. The main floor rooms are decorated with frescoes dating from the second half of the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Central to the ceiling of the main hall, which is currently used as the seat of the city council, is a representation of Phaëton punished by Jupiter; at the sides are depicted, in six panels, scenes from the Battle of Lepanto and the Massacre of the Huguenots. The frescoes in the main lounge, which are painted in a late-Mannerist style, are traditionally attributed to K. Van Munder. Beneath the vault are landscapes, alternating with coats of arms of popes and bishops, prominent among them the one of Pope Julius III, who made Michelangelo Spada a count.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti painted the frescoes in the Siena city hall, specifically in the Palazzo Pubblico, between 1338 and 1339. The frescoes, known as the "Allegory of Good and Bad Government," were commissioned by the Siena city council to decorate the council chamber, or "Sala dei Nove," of the Palazzo Pubblico.


Question: michael douglas morgan freeman robert de niro movie

Answer: Last Vegas

This is a document about Last Vegas
 Last Vegas Last Vegas is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Dan Fogelman and starring Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, Kevin Kline and Mary Steenburgen. The plot surrounds three retirees who travel to Las Vegas to have a bachelor party for their last remaining single friend. The film was released to theaters on November 1, 2013, by CBS Films. Billy, Paddy, Archie, and Sam are childhood friends from Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York, who are now living in their senior years. Sam and his wife Miriam are living mundane lives in Naples, Florida. Archie,

This is a document about Romany Malco
 in 2011's "A Little Bit Of Heaven" and the "Gulliver's Travels" adaptation. In the fall of 2010, Malco appeared as a member of the ABC primetime one-hour drama "No Ordinary Family". He also appeared as a guest host on the popular YouTube series, "Equals Three", on the episode T-Painful. In 2013, he played a concierge in the movie "Last Vegas", alongside Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, Kevin Kline, and Michael Douglas. Romany currently plays Rome Howard on the ABC Series A Million Little Things that premiered September 26, 2018. On July 17, 2013 Malco wrote a piece for the "Huffington

This is a document about Last Vegas
 in the US from 3,065 theaters, averaging $5,329 per theater and ranking #3 for the weekend. The film closed on February 20, 2014, with a worldwide final gross of $134,402,450, making it CBS Films' highest-grossing movie to date. "Last Vegas" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on January 28, 2014. The soundtrack to "Last Vegas" was released on October 29, 2013. Last Vegas Last Vegas is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Dan Fogelman and starring Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, Kevin Kline and Mary Steenburgen. The plot surrounds three retirees who travel

This is a document about Laurence Mark
 Laurence Mark Laurence Mark (born ca. 1949) is an American producer of films such as "Julie & Julia", "Dreamgirls", "I, Robot", "As Good as It Gets" and "Jerry Maguire". Mark has produced "Last Vegas", starring Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman and Kevin Kline, and directed by Jon Turteltaub; "Flatliners", starring Ellen Page, Diego Luna, Nina Dobrev and directed by Niels Arden Oplev; and "Julie & Julia", starring Meryl Streep and Amy Adams and written and directed by Nora Ephron. Mark produced 2017's "The Greatest Showman", starring Hugh Jackman, Zac Efron, Michelle Williams, and Rebecca Ferguson, and directed by

This is a document about Lawrence Grey (producer)
 the 2013 film "Last Vegas" (as Executive Producer), which starred Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, and Kevin Kline, and was directed by Jon Turtletaub. Grey launched his production banner Grey Matter Productions in 2013. Most recently, Grey Matter released its first feature film, "Lights Out", which is based on the short film by David Sandberg. Sandberg also directed the feature adaptation, which was written by Eric Heisserer and produced alongside James Wan’s production banner Atomic Monster. The film was released by New Line Cinema on July 22, 2016 with a $21.6 million opening in its first weekend. As

This is a document about 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards
 Robert De Niro

This is a document about Gotham Independent Film Awards 2001
  Robert De Niro

This is a document about 68th Golden Globe Awards
  Robert De Niro

This is a document about 20th Producers Guild of America Awards
 Michael Douglas

This is a document about 61st Golden Globe Awards
  Michael Douglas

This is a document about 69th Golden Globe Awards
  Morgan Freeman

This is a document about 24th Screen Actors Guild Awards
 Morgan Freeman

This is a document about Joseph Plateau Awards 2000
   Morgan Freeman

This is a document about List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements
  De Niro • Emilie de Ravin* • Ariana DeBose* • Dane DeHaan* • Jonathan Del Arco • Dana Delany • John DeMita* • Kat Dennings* • Aislinn Derbez* • Zoey Deutch* • Aidan Devine* • Torrey DeVitto* • Sergio Di Zio* • Guillermo Díaz • Melonie Diaz* • Leonardo DiCaprio • John DiMaggio* • Janine DiVita* • Nina Dobrev* • Nik Dodani* • Jocelin Donahue* • Colin Donnell* • Chris Doohan* • Michael Dorn* • Jason Dottley* • Kaitlin Doubleday* • Portia Doubleday* • D. C. Douglas* • Michael Douglas • Fiona Dourif • Robert Downey Jr.* • Matt Doyle* •

This is a document about Last Vegas
  Last Vegas is a 2013 American comedy film directed by Jon Turteltaub, written by Dan Fogelman and starring Michael Douglas, Robert De Niro, Morgan Freeman, Kevin Kline and Mary Steenburgen. Three retirees travel to Las Vegas to have a bachelor party for their last remaining single friend. The film was released to theaters on 1 November 2013, by CBS Films.

This is a document about Robert De Niro
  Deer Hunter (1978), Raging Bull (1980), The King of Comedy (1983), Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Brazil (1985), The Mission (1986), Midnight Run (1988), Goodfellas (1990), Casino (1995), Heat (1995), Meet the Parents (2000), Silver Linings Playbook (2012), and The Irishman (2019). De Niro has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the following performances:  De Niro has won two Golden Globe Awards: Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Raging Bull and a Cecil B. DeMille Award for "outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment". He was also the 56th recipient of Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award; Leonardo DiCaprio, who co-starred with De Niro in This Boy's Life, presented him the award, citing him as an inspiration and influence.

This is a document about Graffitti Studio
 Morgan Freeman ; James Frain ; Heather Stephens ; Ben Cross

This is a document about The Irishman: In Conversation
 Robert De Niro ; Al Pacino ; Joe Pesci ; Martin Scorsese

This is a document about The Audition (2015 film)
 Robert De Niro as himself ; Leonardo DiCaprio as himself ; Brad Pitt as himself / Aaron Cross ; Martin Scorsese as himself ; Rodrigo Prieto as himself

Michael Douglas, Morgan Freeman, and Robert De Niro starred in the 2013 comedy film "Last Vegas."


Question: where was the first successful english colony located

Answer: Jamestown

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
 Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island. Jamestown served as the

This is a document about Popham Colony
 Popham Colony The Popham Colony—also known as the Sagadahoc Colony—was a short-lived English colonial settlement in North America that was founded in 1607 and located in the present-day town of Phippsburg, Maine, near the mouth of the Kennebec River by the proprietary Virginia Company of Plymouth. It was founded a few months after its more successful rival, the colony at Jamestown, which was established on May 4, 1607, by the Virginia Company of London in present-day James City County, Virginia. The Popham Colony was the first colony in the region that would eventually become known as New England, coming five

This is a document about British people
 Nationality Law, which enables them to various rights in the United Kingdom and the European Union. An English presence in North America began with the Roanoke Colony and Colony of Virginia in the late-16th century, but the first successful English settlement was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. By the 1610s an estimated 1,300 English people had travelled to North America, the "first of many millions from the British Isles". In 1620 the Pilgrims established the English imperial venture of Plymouth Colony, beginning "a remarkable acceleration of permanent emigration from England" with over 60% of trans-Atlantic English

This is a document about John Rolfe
 John Rolfe John Rolfe (1585–1622) was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia. Rolfe was born in Heacham, Norfolk, England, as the son of John Rolfe and Dorothea Mason, and was baptized on 6 May 1585. At the time, Spain held a virtual monopoly on the lucrative tobacco trade. Most Spanish colonies in the New World were located in southern climates more favorable to tobacco growth than the English settlements, notably Jamestown. As the consumption of tobacco had increased,

This is a document about Samuel Argall
 Samuel Argall Sir Samuel Argall (1572 or 1580 – 24 January 1626) was an English adventurer and naval officer. As a sea captain, in 1609, Argall was the first to determine a shorter northern route from England across the Atlantic Ocean to the new English colony of Virginia, based at Jamestown, and made numerous voyages to the New World. He captained one of Lord De La Warr's ships in the successful rescue mission to Virginia in 1610 which saved the colony from starvation. As a sea warrior, he is best known for his successful diplomacy with the Powhatan Confederacy. He

This is a document about Indian massacre of 1622
 a coordinated series of surprise attacks by the Powhatan Confederacy that killed 347 people, a quarter of the English population of the Virginia colony. Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the site of the first successful English settlement in North America, and was then the capital of the Colony of Virginia. Its tobacco economy led to constant expansion and seizure of Powhatan lands, which ultimately provoked a violent reaction. At first, the natives were glad to trade provisions to the colonists for metal tools, but by 1609 the English governor, John Smith, had begun to send in raiding parties to demand

This is a document about Massachusetts
 and perhaps leptospirosis. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans. The first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the "Mayflower" at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, after the Jamestown Colony. The event known as the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days. The Pilgrims were soon followed by other Puritans, who

This is a document about British Overseas Territories
 where English fishermen routinely set up seasonal camps in the 16th century. It is now a province of Canada known as Newfoundland and Labrador. It retains strong cultural ties with Britain. English colonisation of North America began officially in 1607 with the settlement of Jamestown, the first successful permanent colony in Virginia (a term that was then applied generally to North America). Its offshoot, Bermuda, was settled inadvertently after the wrecking of the Virginia company's flagship there in 1609, with the Virginia Company's charter extended to officially include the archipelago in 1612. St. George's town, founded in Bermuda in that

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
 events in American history: the first meeting of the Virginia House of Burgesses, the arrival of the first Africans to English North America, and the first Thanksgiving. Attribution: Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was

This is a document about British Americans
 the Americas, what became the United States was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British". Historically in the 1790 United States Census estimate and presently in Australia, Canada and New Zealand "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population" contributing to these states becoming integral to the Anglosphere. An English presence in North America began with the Roanoke Colony and Colony of Virginia in the late-16th century, but the first successful English settlement was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. By the 1610s an estimated 1,300 English people had travelled to North

This is a document about History of St. Augustine, Florida
 birth of a child of European ancestry recorded in what is now the continental United States, This was 21 years before the English settlement at Roanoke Island in Virginia Colony, and 42 years before the successful settlements of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Jamestown, Virginia. In 1606, the first recorded birth of a black child in the continental United States was listed in the Cathedral Parish archives, thirteen years before enslaved Africans were first brought to the English colony at Jamestown in 1619. In territory under the jurisdiction of the United States, only Puerto Rico has continuously occupied European-established settlements

This is a document about History of Massachusetts
 of the Indian population before the first large-scale arrival of settlers in the 1630s. Large numbers of natives were decimated by virgin soil epidemics such as smallpox, measles, influenza, and perhaps leptospirosis, against which they had no immunity. In 1617–1619, smallpox killed 90% of the Native Americans in the region. The first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, established their settlement at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag. This was the second successful permanent English colony in North America, after the Jamestown Colony. Before heading to the New World, they migrated to Holland to escape

This is a document about Samuel Argall
 Samuel whose descendants have flourished in Virginia and the West. His interment was in Penryn, Cornwall's St Gluvias churchyard. Samuel Argall Sir Samuel Argall (1572 or 1580 – 24 January 1626) was an English adventurer and naval officer. As a sea captain, in 1609, Argall was the first to determine a shorter northern route from England across the Atlantic Ocean to the new English colony of Virginia, based at Jamestown, and made numerous voyages to the New World. He captained one of Lord De La Warr's ships in the successful rescue mission to Virginia in 1610 which saved the colony

This is a document about The impact of geography on colonial America
 to other Colonies due to its prime location to the ocean. The climate was prime for these grains which is a direct correlation to how geography relates to trade goods in the Middle Eastern Colonies. The southern British colonies in North America were the Colony of Virginia, Province of North Carolina, Province of South Carolina, and Province of Georgia. The first successful English colony in N. America was Jamestown, established off the Chesapeake Bay in 1607. In 1668 King Charles II granted the Carolina charter to eight Lords Proprietor. Georgia was not established as a colony until 1732 under a

This is a document about Richneck Plantation
 name in the Denbigh area. Richneck Plantation Richneck Plantation was located on the Virginia Peninsula on the northern shore of the James River between Hampton Roads and Jamestown in the English colony of Virginia. The proprietor of Richneck Plantation was Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick and a prominent member of the Virginia Company. The Warwick River, Warwick River Shire, and Warwick County were all named for him. Nearby, Warwick Towne was the first county seat. In modern times, the former site of Richneck Plantation is located in the modern day independent city of Newport News, Virginia, where Richneck Road

This is a document about Richneck Plantation
 Richneck Plantation Richneck Plantation was located on the Virginia Peninsula on the northern shore of the James River between Hampton Roads and Jamestown in the English colony of Virginia. The proprietor of Richneck Plantation was Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick and a prominent member of the Virginia Company. The Warwick River, Warwick River Shire, and Warwick County were all named for him. Nearby, Warwick Towne was the first county seat. In modern times, the former site of Richneck Plantation is located in the modern day independent city of Newport News, Virginia, where Richneck Road remains as a locally used

This is a document about White Southerners
 so than the increasingly industrial North. Several classes of whites existed, with the Poor White being on the bottom of the social scale, the Yeomen in the middle, and the Planter, or Bourbon, class at the top. The original Southern settlers were Cavaliers who arrived in Virginia to establish a colony by the name of Jamestown which would go on to be the first successful English colony in the New World and their descendants would spread out to the rest of the South building up the Southern hiearchy for years to come. The Cavalier-Roundhead English Civil War mythology, prior to

This is a document about Colonial history of the United States
 diary has been widely used by scholars, and covers his travels from Maryland to Maine. Biographer Elaine Breslaw says that he encountered: The first successful English colony was Jamestown, established May 14, 1607 near Chesapeake Bay. The business venture was financed and coordinated by the London Virginia Company, a joint stock company looking for gold. Its first years were extremely difficult, with very high death rates from disease and starvation, wars with local Indians, and little gold. The colony survived and flourished by turning to tobacco as a cash crop. By the late 17th century, Virginia's export economy was largely

This is a document about Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike
 state. For the settlers in the Virginia Colony which preceded statehood (1607–1776), commerce and travel followed navigable waterways and traditional Native American (American Indian) trails. The natives had long sought the routes of greatest ease, and the newcomers did likewise. Jamestown was selected for establishment of the first permanent English settlement in the Colony based upon its strategic location on the James River. This priority ignored swampy and inhospitable conditions of the land which nearly wiped out the settlement during its first five years, especially during the Starving Time in 1609-10. However, after colonist John Rolfe cultivated a successful strain

The first successful English colony in North America was located at Jamestown, Virginia. It was established on May 14, 1607, and was considered permanent after Oyster House was built in 1610. John Rolfe is credited with the successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in this colony.


Question: how many characters are specified in ascii scheme

Answer: 128

This is a document about ASCII
 the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety-five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits "0" to "9", lowercase letters "a" to "z", uppercase letters "A" to "Z", and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete, although a few are still commonly used, such as the carriage return, line feed and tab codes. For example, lowercase "i" would be represented in the ASCII encoding by binary 1101001 = hexadecimal

This is a document about Extended ASCII
 Extended ASCII Extended ASCII (EASCII or high ASCII) character encodings are eight-bit or larger encodings that include the standard seven-bit ASCII characters, plus additional characters. The use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the ASCII standard has been updated to include more than 128 characters or that the term unambiguously identifies a single encoding, neither of which is the case. There are many extended ASCII encodings (more than 220 DOS and Windows codepages). EBCDIC ("the other" major 8-bit character code) likewise developed many extended variants (more than 186 EBCDIC codepages) over

This is a document about Extended ASCII
 and therefore many human languages to be supported with little extra programming effort in the software that interprets the computer-readable language files. The principle of Extended ASCII means that: Extended ASCII Extended ASCII (EASCII or high ASCII) character encodings are eight-bit or larger encodings that include the standard seven-bit ASCII characters, plus additional characters. The use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the ASCII standard has been updated to include more than 128 characters or that the term unambiguously identifies a single encoding, neither of which is the case. There are

This is a document about VISCII
 VISCII VISCII is a character encoding for using the Vietnamese language with computers. Unicode and the Windows-1258 code page are now used for virtually all Vietnamese computer data, but legacy VSCII and VISCII files may need conversion. VISCII is a modified ASCII. It keeps the 95 printable characters of ASCII unmodified, but it replaces 6 of the 33 control characters with printable characters. It adds 128 precomposed characters. A traditional extended ASCII character set consists of the ASCII set plus up to 128 characters. Vietnamese requires 134 additional letter-diacritic combinations, which is six too many. There are essentially three different

This is a document about Extended ASCII
 comparing, inserting, or deleting characters.) Many manufacturers devised 8-bit character sets consisting of ASCII plus up to 128 of the unused codes, with varying degrees of cooperation or coordination by national and international standards bodies. 128 additional characters is not enough to cover all purposes, all languages, or even all European languages, so the emergence of "many" proprietary and national ASCII-derived 8-bit character sets was inevitable. Drawbacks of multiple 8-bit character sets are that conversion of text data from one character encoding to another (transcoding) is complex, and almost always has the possibility of changing non-ASCII characters in the text.

This is a document about Code point
 Code point In character encoding terminology, a code point or code position is any of the numerical values that make up the "code space". Many code points represent single characters but they can also have other meanings, such as for formatting. For example, the character encoding scheme ASCII comprises 128 code points in the range 0 to 7F, Extended ASCII comprises 256 code points in the range 0 to FF, and Unicode comprises 1,114,112 code points in the range 0 to 10FFFF. The Unicode code space is divided into seventeen planes (the basic multilingual plane, and 16 supplementary planes), each

This is a document about Extended ASCII
 storage. (Assuming that the unused 8th bit of each byte was not reused in some way, such as error checking, Boolean fields, or packing 8 characters into 7 bytes.) An eight-bit character set (using one byte per character) encodes 256 characters, so it can include ASCII plus 128 more characters. (Variable multi-byte schemes based on ASCII can add many more additional characters. Unmodified code will provide valid results searching for sequences of ASCII and extended characters. But software must be more sophisticated, only accepting or creating valid multi-byte characters, and always treating multi-byte characters as one character whenever counting, copying,

This is a document about Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode
 Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode The Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode (SCSU) is a Unicode Technical Standard for reducing the number of bytes needed to represent Unicode text, especially if that text uses mostly characters from one or a small number of per-language character blocks. It does so by dynamically mapping values in the range 128–255 to offsets within particular blocks of 128 characters. The initial conditions of the encoder mean that existing strings in ASCII and ISO-8859-1 that do not contain C0 control codes other than NULL TAB CR and LF can be treated as SCSU strings. Since most

This is a document about ZX Spectrum character set
 ZX Spectrum character set The ZX Spectrum character set is the variant of ASCII used in the British Sinclair ZX Spectrum family computers. It is based on ASCII-1967 but the characters ^, ` and codice_1 are replaced with ↑, £ and ©. It also differs in its use of the C0 control codes other than the common codice_2 and codice_3, and it makes use of the 128 high-bit characters beyond the ASCII range. The ZX Spectrum's main set of printable characters and system font are also used by the Jupiter Ace computer. Standard US-ASCII, 0x20–0x7F, is included in the Spectrum

This is a document about Extended ASCII
 0xAF) that implemented low-resolution block graphics. (Each block-graphic character displayed as a 2x3 grid of pixels, with each block pixel effectively controlled by one of the lower 6 bits.) IBM introduced eight-bit extended ASCII codes on the original IBM PC and later produced variations for different languages and cultures. IBM called such character sets "code pages" and assigned numbers to both those they themselves invented as well as many invented and used by other manufacturers. Accordingly, character sets are very often indicated by their IBM code page number. In ASCII-compatible code pages, the lower 128 characters maintained their standard US-ASCII

This is a document about ASCII
 environments. While ASCII is limited to 128 characters, Unicode and the UCS support more characters by separating the concepts of unique identification (using natural numbers called "code points") and encoding (to 8-, 16- or 32-bit binary formats, called UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32). ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode (1991) character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequence of characters. Even

This is a document about Plain text
 as a checksum. The near-ubiquity of ASCII was a great help, but failed to address international and linguistic concerns. The dollar-sign ("$") was not so useful in England, and the accented characters used in Spanish, French, German, and many other languages were entirely unavailable in ASCII (not to mention characters used in Greek, Russian, and most Eastern languages). Many individuals, companies, and countries defined extra characters as needed—often reassigning control characters, or using value in the range from 128 to 255. Using values above 128 conflicts with using the 8th bit as a checksum, but the checksum usage gradually died

This is a document about National Replacement Character Set
 codes also supported NRCS. ASCII is a 7-bit standard, allowing a total of 128 characters in the character set. Some of these are reserved as control characters, leaving 96 printable characters. This set of 96 printable characters includes upper and lower case letters, numbers, and basic math and punctuation. ASCII does not have enough room to include other common characters such as multi-national currency symbols or the various accented letters common in European languages. This led to a number of country-specific varieties of 7-bit ASCII with certain characters replaced. For instance, the UK standard simply replaced ASCII's hash mark, codice_1,

This is a document about ZX Spectrum character set
 + 0x07 sets the ink (foreground text) colour to colour number 7 (white). ZX Spectrum character set The ZX Spectrum character set is the variant of ASCII used in the British Sinclair ZX Spectrum family computers. It is based on ASCII-1967 but the characters ^, ` and codice_1 are replaced with ↑, £ and ©. It also differs in its use of the C0 control codes other than the common codice_2 and codice_3, and it makes use of the 128 high-bit characters beyond the ASCII range. The ZX Spectrum's main set of printable characters and system font are also used

This is a document about ASCII
 to use an 8-bit byte to store each character in memory, providing an opportunity for extended, 8-bit relatives of ASCII. In most cases these developed as true extensions of ASCII, leaving the original character-mapping intact, but adding additional character definitions after the first 128 (i.e., 7-bit) characters. Encodings include ISCII (India), VISCII (Vietnam). Although these encodings are sometimes referred to as ASCII, true ASCII is defined strictly only by the ANSI standard. Most early home computer systems developed their own 8-bit character sets containing line-drawing and game glyphs, and often filled in some or all of the control characters from

This is a document about ASCII art
 done by sampling the image down to grayscale with less than 8-bit precision, so that each value corresponds to different ASCII character. ASCII art ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII). The term is also loosely used to refer to text based visual art in general. ASCII art can be created with any text editor,

This is a document about ASCII art
 ASCII art ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII). The term is also loosely used to refer to text based visual art in general. ASCII art can be created with any text editor, and is often used with free-form languages. Most examples of ASCII art require a fixed-width font (non-proportional fonts, as on a traditional

This is a document about Binary-to-text encoding
  The ASCII text-encoding standard uses 128 unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in English, plus a selection of control codes which do not represent printable characters. For example, the capital letter A is ASCII character 65, the numeral 2 is ASCII 50, the character   is ASCII 125, and the metacharacter carriage return is ASCII 13. Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally. In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit bytes. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to

This is a document about ASCII
  elevated to an Internet Standard in 2015. Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. Ninety-five of the encoded characters are printable: these include the digits 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, and punctuation symbols. In addition, the original ASCII specification included 33 non-printing control codes which originated with Teletype machines; most of these are now obsolete, although a few are still commonly used, such as the carriage return, line feed and tab codes. For example, lowercase i would be represented in the ASCII encoding by binary 1101001 = hexadecimal 69 (i is the ninth letter) = decimal 105.

ASCII specifies 128 characters, including 95 printable characters and 33 non-printing control codes.


Question: who won america 's got talent season 6

Answer: Landau Eugene Murphy , Jr.

This is a document about America's Got Talent (season 6)
 America's Got Talent (season 6) Season six of "America's Got Talent", a reality television series, premiered on May 31, 2011, on NBC. The show was hosted by Nick Cannon, while Piers Morgan, Sharon Osbourne and Howie Mandel returned as judges. On September 14, 2011, Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. was announced as the winner of season six. This season was the last with Morgan as a judge, as he did not return for season 7, where Howard Stern replaced him. Televised auditions for season six were held in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Houston, Seattle, Minneapolis, and New York City. Non-televised producers' auditions

This is a document about America's Got Talent (season 6)
  The sixth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 31 to September 14, 2011. Production on this season saw no major changes in the program's format, although a number of participants who auditioned later dropped out due to obligations outside the competition. However, the season attracted media attention after one of its participants established a world record during their performance on the program. The sixth season was won by jazz singer Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., with silhouette dance group Silhouettes finishing in second, and glow-light dance group Team iLuminate placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around over 11.8 million viewers, with its opening episode attracting around 15.28 million viewers, the highest viewing figures for a season of America's Got Talent to premiere with.

This is a document about American Idol (season 6)
  The sixth season of American Idol premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a two-night, four-hour premiere special on January 16 and January 17, and ran until May 23, 2007. Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned to judge once again, and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. A new record of 74 million votes were cast in the finale round, and a new record of 609 million votes were cast in the entire season (the seasonal total record was surpassed by the tenth season and the finale vote record was broken by the eleventh season). Jordin Sparks won the competition with Blake Lewis as the first runner-up and Melinda Doolittle finishing third. Jordin Sparks is also the youngest winner of the competition, winning at age 17, as well as the first winner from outside the Southern United States. Sparks remained the last female winner until the twelfth season.

This is a document about Susan Boyle
   Boyle performed on the second semi-final results show of the sixth season of America's Got Talent, which aired on 31 August 2011.

This is a document about Anna Graceman
  was becoming tougher and the judges expected more, Graceman went with something different for that round; her song was "True Colors" (Cyndi Lauper), but for the first time on the show, she performed without the keyboard. She fell short of making the finals. October 28–30, 2011 – Caesars Palace Colosseum: Graceman participated in America's Got Talent Live along with other season six favorites, including Landon Swank, Team iLuminate, and winner Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. At the request of Caesars Palace, she returned to the Colosseum for the following New Year's Eve concert. February 25, 2013 – Palazzo-Venetian Theater Residency: Graceman performed

This is a document about America's Got Talent
  The sixth season was aired between May 31 to September 14, 2011, with no major changes to the format for this year. Auditions were held between January to April within Los Angeles, New York, Atlanta, Houston, Minneapolis, Seattle, Denver and Chicago, whilst online auditions made via YouTube were conducted on May 4. This season was won by singer Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., with dance group Silhouettes coming in second, and dance group Team iLuminate placing third.

This is a document about America's Got Talent (season 12)
  The twelfth season of American talent show competition series America's Got Talent was broadcast on NBC from May 30 to September 20, 2017. Following the previous season, Nick Cannon ended his involvement with the program following a disagreement with the network, and was replaced as host by Tyra Banks before production of the new season began. The guest judges for this season's Judge Cuts stage included Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox and Seal. The twelfth season was won by singing ventriloquist Darci Lynne, with singer Angelica Hale finishing second, and glow-light dance troupe Light Balance placing third. During its broadcast, the season averaged around 12.66 million viewers, becoming the most watched in the program's history to date, and was dedicated to the memory of a participant who had died outside of filming, after auditioning for the competition.

This is a document about Nashville Star
  season 6 placed fourth in the first hour and placed second overall in the second hour of the broadcast. Billy Ray Cyrus hosted the sixth season. The winner of the first-ever NBC season was 32-year-old Melissa Lawson. The finalists for 2008 were: The sixth season featured judges Jeffrey Steele, John Rich, and Jewel (who hosted Season Five). For the first time, the judges also acted as mentors to the finalists, and Rich produced songs later included in the EP, United We Stand. The winner was promised a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records, a Toyota Tundra pickup truck, and the

This is a document about America's Got Talent
  show for SiriusXM, producers had to agree to move the program's production of live episodes to a venue in New York to avoid disrupting his schedule. As Cowell had made plans to revamp the graphical presentation of America's Got Talent, including the title credits, logo and theme music, the change of venue to the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, New Jersey not only allowed Cowell to have designers revamp the studio set, but allowed production staff to invite larger audiences for performances in live episodes than in previous seasons. This season was won by dog tricks act Olate Dogs, with comedian Tom Cotter coming in second, and musician William Close placing third.

This is a document about The Apprentice (American season 7)
  in a communal penthouse of Trump Tower which was more as a meeting vicinity and also the boardroom. The celebrities lived in Trump International Hotel and Tower. There are also no traditionally given rewards to the winning team apart from the winning project manager receiving an amount of $20,000 along with available proceeds from the tasks to be donated to his or her favorite charity. Nevertheless, the firing rule remained. America's Got Talent judge Piers Morgan was the winner, beating country music singer Trace Adkins in the finals. Morgan was the only celebrity fired during the original British celebrity edition of the show.

This is a document about Britain's Got Talent (series 6)
  The sixth series of British talent competition programme Britain's Got Talent was broadcast on ITV, from 24 March to 12 May 2012. The sixth series saw Simon Cowell resume a full commitment to the programme following the previous series, yet neither David Hasselhoff and Michael McIntyre returned to take part in the new series, leading to them being replaced by Alesha Dixon and David Walliams. Because of her pregnancy during filming of the auditions, Amanda Holden was required to miss a number of sessions, leading to producers asking Carmen Electra to step in as a guest judge in her place. The sixth series of the programme saw

This is a document about Landau Eugene Murphy Jr.
  Landau Eugene Murphy Jr. (born August 11, 1974) is an American jazz singer from Logan County, West Virginia. He received national attention for winning the sixth season of the NBC reality show America's Got Talent.

This is a document about The Apprentice (American season 13)
  The Celebrity Apprentice 6 (also known as All-Star Celebrity Apprentice or The Apprentice 13) is the sixth installment of the reality game show, Celebrity Apprentice, which premiered on Sunday, March 3, 2013. This season's cast is an "All-Star" celebrity cast, bringing back many fan favorites to compete head-to-head. There are eight men and six women in the cast. Brande Roderick, Claudia Jordan, Dennis Rodman, La Toya Jackson, Lil Jon, Omarosa Manigault and the only previous winner, Bret Michaels formed team Power and team Plan B was formed by Dee Snider, Gary Busey, Lisa Rinna, Marilu Henner, Penn Jillette, Stephen Baldwin and Trace Adkins. This marked Omarosa's third appearance on The Apprentice, more than any other contestant. Also appearing as guest judges are past winners Joan Rivers, Piers Morgan, Arsenio Hall and John Rich, along with past judge George Ross, as well as Ivanka Trump, Eric Trump, and Donald Trump Jr. This season also introduced the Social Boardroom MVP reward. Viewers went on Twitter to select the celebrity they think did best in the task. The celebrity who received the most votes won additional money for their charity. This season premiered on March 3, 2013.

This is a document about Anna Graceman
  subsequent show. April 20, 2010 – 36th Alaska Folk Festival: Graceman performed at the annual festival along with other folk and bluegrass bands. A local reviewer stated, "There were several sets where the young and gifted stole the show, making me realize I was watching Juneau's version of "Who's Got Talent" – particularly when 10-year-old Anna Graceman sang all her original songs." Summer, 2011 – America's Got Talent Season Six: At her audition, Graceman performed "If I Ain't Got You" by Alicia Keys while accompanying herself on the keyboard. She received a standing ovation from Howie Mandel, Piers Morgan, and Sharon Osbourne,

This is a document about The Voice (American season 6)
  The sixth season of the American reality talent show The Voice premiered on February 24, 2014, on NBC. Carson Daly returned to host. Adam Levine and Blake Shelton returned as coaches for their sixth season, while Shakira and Usher returned for their second (of their two of them) season after being replaced by original coaches Christina Aguilera and CeeLo Green in season five. This was the last season to feature Shakira and Usher as coaches. The Instant Save which first introduced last season returned with a new change which eligible artists performed an additional song. Knockout rounds did not appear this season, although a similar second Battle round took its place. This is the last of the four consecutive seasons to feature a final three, and would increase the finalists to four beginning on the next season. Josh Kaufman was announced as the winner of the season, marking Usher's first win as a coach. Also, for the first time in the show's history, a stolen artist went on to win the entire season.

This is a document about America's Got Talent
  new season as a fourth judge. For the live episodes of this season, producers opted to change the venue, moving it from Newark to New York, and holding them within Radio City Music Hall. In addition, the format for audition episodes, in terms of presentation style, was changed to match that for Britain's Got Talent - in this arrangement, each episode would consist of a number of auditions chosen from those taken from each major venue used for that season. This season was won by martial arts dancer/mime Kenichi Ebina, becoming the first foreign act to win America's Got Talent, with stand-up comedian Taylor Williamson coming in second, and singer/guitarist Jimmy Rose placed third.

This is a document about Michael Grimm (musician)
  On" during semifinals while recovering from a dehydration related illness. Despite the illness, he managed to deliver a performance that was once again praised by the judges, and he advanced to the finals. After performing "Let's Stay Together" in the Top 10 without his guitar, he advanced to the Top 4. In the finale on September 14, 2010, he performed "When a Man Loves a Woman" pointing to his girlfriend, Lucie, in the audience. The following day, it was revealed that Grimm won the show, beating child singer Jackie Evancho. Grimm went to America's Got Talent: The Champions in 2020 eliminated at Preliminary.

This is a document about Bianca Ryan
  popular on YouTube. For the semi-finals of the show Ryan performed "Piece of My Heart". The judges praised her performance, but they did not think the song was right for Ryan. She rebounded for her finals performance, singing "I Am Changing" (also from Dreamgirls); judge David Hasselhoff called her "the best" in the competition, while Piers Morgan predicted she would win. During the finale results aired on August 17, 2006, 11-year-old Bianca Ryan was announced by emcee Regis Philbin as the winner of season one of America's Got Talent. Ryan made a brief appearance during the show's season two finale in 2007. In a video recorded during Live Nation's Nextfest tour, she wished good luck to the top two finalists.

This is a document about America's Got Talent
  The twelfth season was aired during 2017, between May 30 to September 20. Open auditions were held in late 2016 to early 2017, within Chicago, Austin, Cleveland, Jacksonville, Philadelphia, Las Vegas, San Diego, New York, Charleston, Memphis, and Los Angeles, with filming of the Judges' audition conducted in March 2017 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles. On February 13, 2017, Nick Cannon resigned from hosting America's Got Talent, following a dispute between himself and NBC concerning remarks he had made during his Showtime comedy special Stand Up, Don't Shoot. As a result, despite Cannon being under contract, the network were forced to find a replacement, and chose supermodel Tyra Banks as his successor. This season is notable for the death of American physician Brandon Rogers, who died in an automobile

Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. won America's Got Talent season 6.