Question: who called 1857 revolt first war of independence

Answer: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
 he used the term "Sepoy Revolt" to describe the event. In India, the term "First War of Independence" was first popularized by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1909 book "The History of the War of Indian Independence", which was originally written in Marathi. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, insisted on using the term "First War of Independence" to refer to the event, and the terminology was adopted by the Government of India. Some South Indian historians have opposed the use of the term "First War of Independence" by the Government to describe the 1857 revolt, and have

This is a document about The Indian War of Independence (book)
 The Indian War of Independence (book) The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909. The book, initially written in Marathi, was penned by Savarkar in response to celebrations in Britain of the 50th anniversary of the 1857 Indian uprising with records from India Office archives and the whole project received support from Indian nationalists in Britain including the likes of Madame Cama, V.V.S. Iyer and M.P.T. Acharya, as well as Indian students who had dared not show their support or sympathy for India House

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  In India, the term First War of Independence was first popularized by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1909 book The History of the War of Indian Independence, which was originally written in Marathi. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, insisted on using the term First War of Independence to refer to the event, and the terminology was adopted by the Government of India. Some South Indian historians have opposed the use of the term First War of Independence by the Government to describe the 1857 revolt, and have unsuccessfully taken the issue to the court. These historians insist that

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been variously termed as a war of independence, a rebellion, and a mutiny. Several Indian writers, who consider it as a part of the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the country's independence in 1947, have termed it as "The First War of Independence", the "great revolution", the "great rebellion", and the "Indian freedom struggle". Several British writers, who view it as a military disturbance, have termed it as "sepoy revolt", "sepoy war", "Indian rebellion", and the "great revolt". Since the 19th century, a section of British writers have challenged the choice of the word "mutiny" to describe the events.

This is a document about Saharanpur district
  When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both proponents

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  There is no universally agreed name for the events of this period. In India and Pakistan it has been termed as the "War of Independence of 1857" or "First War of Indian Independence" but it is not uncommon to use terms such as the "Revolt of 1857". The classification of the Rebellion being "First War of Independence" is not without its critics in India. The use of the term "Indian Mutiny" is considered by some Indian politicians as belittling the importance of what happened and therefore reflecting an imperialistic attitude. Others dispute this interpretation. In the UK and parts of the Commonwealth it is commonly called the "Indian Mutiny", but terms such as "Great Indian Mutiny", the "Sepoy Mutiny", the "Sepoy Rebellion", the "Sepoy War", the "Great Mutiny", the "Rebellion of 1857", "the Uprising", the "Mahomedan Rebellion", and the "Revolt of 1857" have also been used. "The Indian Insurrection" was a name used in the press of the UK and British colonies at the time.

This is a document about Saharanpur
  When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction were particularly directed against Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi and Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both

This is a document about British rule in Himachal Pradesh
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence and the Sepoy Mutiny, was a prolonged period of armed uprisings in different parts of India, against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent. The first Indian war of independence resulted due to the build-up of political, social, economic, religious and military grievance against the British. People of the hill provinces were not politically active as were the people in other states of the country. More or less they maintained distance and so did their rulers with the exception of Bushahr. Some of them even provided help to the British during the time of revolt. Among them were the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. The sons of Raja Gobind Singh, ruler of Siba State, namely Raja Ram Singh and Raja Sunder Singh, revolted

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  amongst the rebels. He did not discover much in the way of proto-nationalism or any of the roots of modern India in the rebellion. Sabbaq Ahmed has looked at the ways in which ideologies of royalism, militarism, and Jihad influenced the behaviour of contending Muslim factions. Almost from the moment the first sepoys mutinied in Meerut, the nature and the scope of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been contested and argued over. Speaking in the House of Commons in July 1857, Benjamin Disraeli labelled it a 'national revolt' while Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister, tried to downplay the scope and the

This is a document about Altaf Hussain Hali
  The Indian rebellion of 1857 was an armed uprising in British India against the oppressive and destructive British colonial rule and was also popularly remembered as the 'First War of Independence'. This was a turning point in his life because he was an eyewitness to the catastrophe. His family took in a widowed girl who lived with them for the rest of her life. Her plight left a deep impression on Hali and he composed two poems on the condition of women: Munajaat-e-Beva (Supplication of the Widow) and Chup ki Daad (Homage to the Silent). Syeda Saiyidain Hameed called Hali "Urdu's first feminist poet". In 1863 he

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  The British and colonial press, along with contemporary Europeans, referred to the events under a number of titles, the most common being the Sepoy Mutiny and the Indian Mutiny. Contemporary anti-imperialists viewed those terms as propaganda and pushed to characterise the uprising as more than just the actions of mutinous native soldiers. At the time, they used the term Indian Insurrection in the British and colonial press at the time. Karl Marx was the first Western scholar to call the events of 1857 a "national revolt", although he used the term Sepoy Revolt to describe them.

This is a document about History of Kolkata
  of the British Empire. This movement is sometimes also called the Indian Mutiny, although recent evidence goes against using this name and suggests "The Revolt of 1857" as a better and less controversial choice. In 1883, Surendranath Banerjea organised a national conference – the first of its kind in 19th century India. This conference heralded the birth of The Indian National Congress. The first native president of the Indian National Congress was Sir Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee and he was also the first Congress president to advocate self-rule by Indians, Sir Surendra Nath Banerjea (referred to by the British as "Surrender Not") were early eminent Calcuttans,

This is a document about Paika Rebellion
  recognised the Paika Rebellion as first Indian war of independence, replacing the Indian Rebellion of 1857. In Winter Session of Parliament of 2021, Union Culture Minister G Kishan Reddy through a written reply to a question by BJD MP Prashanta Nanda in the Rajya Sabha, said the Paika rebellion cannot be called the First War of Independence. However the minister declared that it would now be included in the curriculum of Class VIII history textbook of NCERT, as it was among the first popular uprisings against the British in India, and lasted for a long time from 1817 to 1825.

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  of the event as a 'mere military mutiny'. Reflecting this debate, an early historian of the rebellion, Charles Ball, used the word mutiny in his title, but labelled it a "struggle for liberty and independence as a people" in the text. Historians remain divided on whether the rebellion can properly be considered a war of Indian independence or not, although it is popularly considered to be one in India. Arguments against include: A second school of thought while acknowledging the validity of the above-mentioned arguments opines that this rebellion may indeed be called a war of India's independence. The reasons advanced are:

This is a document about British Army during the Victorian Era
  Within a year of the end of the Crimean War, the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (generally referred to by the British Army as the Indian Mutiny) broke out. In 1854, the East India Company's armies numbered 280,000, the vast majority of them being Indian. The first sepoys (native soldiers) recruited by the Company were Afghan mercenaries or low-caste Hindus, but in the Bengal Army especially, a deliberate policy had long existed of recruiting from among high-caste Hindu or landowning Muslim communities, so that the sepoys would have an interest in maintaining their position within their communities. Many Indians had become increasingly concerned by wholesale British reforms to mainstream Indian society that were imposed without any regard for historical subtleties and religious traditions. Changes such

This is a document about Wartime sexual violence
  During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, known as "India's First War of Independence" to the Indians and as the "Sepoy Mutiny" to the British, Indian sepoys rebelled en masse against the East India Company's rule over India. Incidents of rape committed by Indian sepoys against British women and children were reported in the English press, particularly after British civilians fell into Indian hands after sieges such as at Cawnpore. However, after the rebellion was suppressed, detailed analyses by the British government concluded that although Indian sepoys had engaged in massacres of British civilians after they captured them, there had never been one single instance of war

This is a document about Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British Empire also known as the War of Independence of 1857 was an important and historical milestone in the history of India. Many political and social movements were later inspired by it, including the Aligarh Movement, founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and the Aligarh Muslim University (founded in 1878). Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was founded in Lahore on 22 September 1884 in a mosque known as Masjid Bakan inside Mochi Gate, Lahore, by Khalifa Qazi Hameed-ud-Din. Association's first President was Abdul Qadir (1872 – 1950) who was a political activist and scholar. One of its major efforts was the foundation of a number of

This is a document about East India Company
   The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the Indian Mutiny or Sepoy Mutiny) resulted in widespread devastation in a limited region of north-central India. The crisis began in the company's army in February, April and May 1857, when scattered mutinies coalesced and to a major revolt. Entire units revolted, killing their British officers and rousing the populace. There was wide support among both Hindu and Muslim elements, ranging from peasants to princes. However the Sikh soldiers supported the British cause. Historians have identified multiple overlapping causes—some recent and some stretching back decades. In 1854 Britain went to war with Russia, but fighting bogged down in the Crimea. London sent many of

This is a document about The Indian War of Independence (book)
  The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was the first person to use the term "First War of Indian Independence" in his 1909 book "The Indian War of Independence of 1857."


Question: who plays margot in legally blonde the musical

Answer: Annaleigh Ashford

This is a document about Legally Blonde (musical)
 McClarnon initially played Paulette, followed by Claire Sweeney. Following Willets, Professor Callahan was played by Matthew Kelly, and later Les Dennis, alongside Niki Evans as Paulette. Amy Lennox covered as Elle for the Aberdeen run of the tour, with Stephen Ashfield briefly reprising Emmett just weeks after leaving the show in London. On July 17, 2012, Jennifer Ellison replaced Niki Evans as Paulette and Gareth Gates replaced Ray Quinn as Warner. The final show of the UK tour was performed at the New Wimbledon Theatre on October 6, 2012. The Australian production began previews in September 2012 at the Lyric

This is a document about Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods
 the runner up. She served as Hanks' understudy and performed in the ensemble of the show (replacing Becky Gulsvig who left to join the tour). Bundy's last performance in the musical was on July 20, 2008. Hanks began performances on July 23, 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19, 2008. Two other show finalists — Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin, performed in the "Legally Blonde" national tour. Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods. The show began with 15

This is a document about Amy Lennox
 Musical her performance. She played Ellie in the David Bowie and Enda Walsh musical "Lazarus" when it played a limited season at Kings Cross Theatre from October 2016 - January 2017. She was nominated for the Whatsonstage.com Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Musical. Amy Lennox Amy Lennox is an actress best known for her work in musical theatre. She played Margot in the original West End cast of "Legally Blonde" in 2009, for which she also understudied Sheridan Smith in the leading role of Elle Woods. In 2012 she played Doralee in the UK touring production of "9

This is a document about Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods
 the list in order. The remaining girls who are not on the list must immediately head to the building's casting office where the three judges will determine the eliminated contestant. Hanks was chosen as the winner by Jerry Mitchell during her final audition at the Palace Theatre. Autumn Hurlbert was declared the runner-up and served as Hanks' understudy while also performing in the ensemble. Finalists Rhiannon Hansen (3rd place) and Lauren Zakrin (4th place) participated in the musical's first national tour, respectively, as Margot and as the understudy for Elle. Zakrin later starred in the 1st National Tour of "Wicked"

This is a document about Amy Lennox
 Amy Lennox Amy Lennox is an actress best known for her work in musical theatre. She played Margot in the original West End cast of "Legally Blonde" in 2009, for which she also understudied Sheridan Smith in the leading role of Elle Woods. In 2012 she played Doralee in the UK touring production of "9 to 5". In 2015 she played Lauren in the original West End cast of "Kinky Boots". She was nominated for both the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical and the Whatsonstage.com Award for Best Supporting Actress in a

This is a document about Annaleigh Ashford
 2016. Annaleigh Ashford Annaleigh Ashford (born Annaleigh Amanda Swanson; June 25, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is known for her work on Broadway as Glinda in "Wicked", and Margot in "Legally Blonde", as well as for originating the role of Lauren in "Kinky Boots", a performance for which she received a 2013 Tony nomination. Ashford won the 2015 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance as Essie Carmichael in the revival of "You Can't Take It with You". In 2017, Ashford starred as Dot/Marie in the critically acclaimed, limited run revival

This is a document about Annaleigh Ashford
 Annaleigh Ashford Annaleigh Ashford (born Annaleigh Amanda Swanson; June 25, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is known for her work on Broadway as Glinda in "Wicked", and Margot in "Legally Blonde", as well as for originating the role of Lauren in "Kinky Boots", a performance for which she received a 2013 Tony nomination. Ashford won the 2015 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her performance as Essie Carmichael in the revival of "You Can't Take It with You". In 2017, Ashford starred as Dot/Marie in the critically acclaimed, limited run revival of

This is a document about Emi Nitta
 Legally Blonde (2017-2019), Vivienne Kensington

This is a document about Kate Rockwell (actress)
  directed by Kathleen Marshall. She was nicknamed "Serious Sandy" and ultimately eliminated, placing fifth to winner Laura Osnes. Rockwell made her Broadway debut as Margot in Legally Blonde on May 15, 2008, replacing Haven Burton. She later joined the U.S. national touring production of Legally Blonde for three months as a replacement for the role of Margot (after Rhiannon Hansen broke her leg during a performance). In March 2010 Rockwell joined the cast of the 2009 Broadway production of Hair and remained with the production until its closing on June 27, 2010. Rockwell then continued to play a Member of the

This is a document about Barbara Ingram School for the Arts
  The 2013 Barbara Ingram was Legally Blonde and received some of the highest praise for acting. It was the final musical for the first full graduating class.

This is a document about Elle Woods
  Woods has been portrayed by eleven different actresses in different stagings of Legally Blonde - The Musical: Gabby Cinque, Olivia Mezzerina,, Bailey Hanks, , Sayaka Kanda, Barbara Obermeier and in the West End by Sheridan Smith (who was later replaced by her Legally Blonde co-star Susan McFadden). From July 2011 Carley Stenson took over the role of Elle Woods with Susan McFadden leaving the show.

This is a document about Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods
  Bundy's last performance in the musical was on July 20, 2008. Hanks began performances on July 23, 2008 and remained with the show until it closed on October 19, 2008. Two other show finalists — Rhiannon Hansen and Lauren Zakrin, performed in the "Legally Blonde" national tour. Hansen played Margot in the musical and Zakrin performed in the ensemble as well serving as understudy to Becky Gulsvig as Elle Woods. The show began with 15 contestants. All except the winner were eliminated over nine episodes, in which they performed songs and faced other challenges. A three-judge panel made the elimination decisions. Most episodes involved a small prize for the winner of the challenge.

This is a document about Legally Blonde (musical)
  Throughout 2017 and 2018, the second national UK tour of Legally Blonde performed with a new cast. The first performance was at the Churchill Theatre from September 14 to 23, 2017, and its final performance was at the Palace Theatre on June 30, 2018. The cast included Lucie Jones as Elle Woods, David Barret as Emmet, Liam Doyle as Warner, Rita Simons as Paulette, Helen Petrovna as Brooke, and Laura Harrison as Vivienne.

This is a document about Legally Blonde (musical)
 The cast for the TV airing, filmed in mid-September 2007, consisted of the entire original Broadway cast, except for Tracy Jai Edwards taking over for Leslie Kritzer as Serena and Asmeret Ghebremichael replacing DeQuina Moore as Pilar. Moore departed from the production in July 2007, and Kritzer left in August that same year. The principal original casts of the major productions of Legally Blonde.

This is a document about Take This Waltz (film)
 Michelle Williams as Margot ; Seth Rogen as Lou Rubin ; Luke Kirby as Daniel ; Sarah Silverman as Geraldine ; Jennifer Podemski as Karen ; Graham Abbey as James ; Aaron Abrams as Aaron

This is a document about Laura Bell Bundy
 Legally Blonde - Cast Recording (2008)

This is a document about Legally Blonde (musical)
  Tony Awards, including Best Original Score and Best Leading Actress in a Musical, but did not win any. The musical was filmed for television in front of a live audience on September 18, 2007, as well as two other dates where it was filmed without an audience. The three performances edited together were broadcast on MTV on October 13 and 14, 2007, with subsequent air dates on November 3 and 14, 2007. MTV's involvement with the musical continued with a reality show program called Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods, which aimed to cast the next actress to play Elle Woods on Broadway, replacing Laura Bell Bundy. The show was hosted by Haylie Duff

This is a document about Laurence O'Keefe (composer)
  UK television stars Sheridan Smith, Jill Halfpenny and Peter Davison, plus pop star Duncan James. Many reviews were positive, especially for the cast. The Independent reviewer wrote: "Totally blown away...it's ridiculously enjoyable from start to finish." The Guardian reviewer concluded "the predominantly female audience with whom I saw the show seemed to be having a whale of a time and did not give a damn about the fact that the musical is little more than a nonsensical fairytale." Legally Blonde won three 2011 Laurence Olivier Awards including Best New Musical and Best Actress in a Musical for Sheridan Smith and Best Supporting Performance in a Musical for Jill Halfpenny. The show has had several tours worldwide, including the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. It premiered to a sold-out audience at the Ronacher Theatre in Vienna, Austria.

This is a document about Sheridan Smith
  sudden moments of touching vulnerability. She is infinitely more likeable than Reese Witherspoon in the film." Smith was originally supposed to leave Legally Blonde on 23 October 2010, but she extended her run to 8 January 2011, when Susan McFadden took over the role. For her role in Legally Blonde, Smith won the WhatsOnStage.com Theatregoers' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Musical. She was also nominated for the Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress and was the winner of the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical. Between March and June 2011, she appeared in Trevor Nunn's production of Flare Path at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket

This is a document about Amy Lennox
  Amy Florence Lennox is an actress best known for her work in musical theatre. She played Margot in the original West End cast of Legally Blonde in 2009, for which she also understudied Sheridan Smith in the leading role of Elle Woods. In 2012 she played Doralee in the UK touring production of 9 to 5. In 2011, Lennox performed in the World Premiere of Soho Cinders, playing the role of Velcro. The performance was for a charity gala held at the Queen's Theatre. In 2015, she played in the original Belfast cast of The Last Five Years. She then played Lauren in the original West End cast of Kinky Boots. She was

Amy Lennox played Margot in the original West End production of "Legally Blonde" in 2009.


Question: where will the star wars hotel be located

Answer: Bay Lake , Florida

This is a document about Star Wars Hotel
 Edge by a shuttle-pod transportation system. This system would be made to resemble a shuttle spacecraft that would ferry guests between the hotel and the land while maintaining the illusion of traveling from space to the planet's surface and back. Star Wars Hotel A "Star Wars"-themed luxury hotel is being built near Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. The hotel accompanies the under-construction themed area in Disney's Hollywood Studios. In April 2017, Disney contracted the website swagbucks.com to survey visitors in order to gauge interest in a possible "Star Wars"-themed hotel. As a

This is a document about Star Wars Hotel
 Star Wars Hotel A "Star Wars"-themed luxury hotel is being built near Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. The hotel accompanies the under-construction themed area in Disney's Hollywood Studios. In April 2017, Disney contracted the website swagbucks.com to survey visitors in order to gauge interest in a possible "Star Wars"-themed hotel. As a result of the survey, Disney decided to approve such a hotel, with a visitor experience based on the "Star Wars" storyline. Definite plans for the "Star Wars" hotel were first announced at the 2017 D23 Expo in Anaheim, California. The

This is a document about Disney Riviera Resort
 2017 D23 Expo, the other being Star Wars Hotel. The Riviera Resort is one of the 23 improvements to Disney Parks announced during D23. Bob Chapek, chairman of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, stated that the hotel would include a restaurant on its roof, providing views of Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios. Disney Riviera Resort Disney Riviera Resort is a proposed Disney Vacation Club resort at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. It is being built by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products between Epcot and Disney's Hollywood Studios. It will be the first newly-constructed resort

This is a document about Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser
  Wars fans," noting the different hotel amenities that would allow the immersive-hotel experience to occur. Mic compared the planned hotel to Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge and Universal Orlando's Cabana Bay Beach Resort, both of which are existing hotels containing immersive experiences, though to a lesser extent. On May 30, 2018, it was announced that the hotel would be located just south of Disney's Hollywood Studios, to the east of World Drive. That July, it was revealed that the hotel's direct entrance to Disney's Hollywood Studios would be located between the Millennium Falcon: Smugglers Run and Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance attractions in Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. There

This is a document about Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser
  Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser is a Star Wars–themed luxury hotel currently being built near Disney's Hollywood Studios, in the Epcot Resort Area of the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida, and is scheduled to open on March 1, 2022. The hotel accompanies the Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge themed area in Disney's Hollywood Studios.

This is a document about Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser
  In April 2017, Disney contracted the website Swagbucks to survey visitors in order to gauge interest in a possible Star Wars-themed hotel. As a result of the survey, Disney decided to approve such a hotel, with a visitor experience based on the Star Wars storyline. Definite plans for the Star Wars hotel were first announced at D23 Expo 2017 in Anaheim, California. The proposal was announced as part of the unveiling of 23 improvements and additions to Disney parks around the world. At D23 Expo 2019, it was revealed that the hotel would be called the Halcyon and would be a two-night immersive experience where all guests arrive and depart together, similar to a cruise line.

This is a document about Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser
  The Star Wars hotel was originally scheduled to open in 2021 according to the Orlando Sentinel, but was pushed back to March 1, 2022. According to renderings, the new hotel will be shaped like a Star Wars starship. The rooms will have children's bunk beds and adult-sized beds in the style of Star Wars bunkers, with each room fitting up to four people. Renderings also show a lobby in the style of a Star Wars spaceship interior. Bob Chapek, Chairman of Walt Disney Parks & Resorts, stated that the Star Wars hotel would be Disney's "most experiential concept ever" when it opens. Chapek described the hotel as a

This is a document about The Void (virtual reality)
  Bretschneider, Hickman and Jensen foresaw The Void as being a larger chain of virtual reality entertainment centers, consisting of a flagship location in Pleasant Grove, Utah, which the company planned to open some time in 2016, as well as smaller locations in other markets. Each would feature one or more 60 by 60 ft stages capable of handling groups of six to eight players each; the Pleasant Grove location was to feature eight of these stages. A proof of concept location with a 30 ft stage was constructed in Lindon, Utah next to the company's offices. Ghostbusters: Dimension also opened at Cineplex Entertainment's The Rec Room at Roundhouse Park in Toronto in June 2017. Star Wars: Secrets of the Empire launched December 16, 2017 at Disney Springs at Walt Disney World Resort (with two stages), and on

This is a document about List of Star Wars theme parks attractions
  Disney, which now owns the Star Wars franchise, expressed plans to expand the franchise's presence in all of their theme parks since August 2014. At that time, there were rumors to include a major Star Wars-themed expansion to Disney's Hollywood Studios. When asked whether or not Disney has an intellectual property franchise that's comparable to Harry Potter at Universal theme parks, Disney chairman and CEO Bob Iger mentioned Cars, Disney Princesses, and promised that Star Wars, "is going to be just that." Iger formally announced a 14-acre Star Wars-themed land expansion at the 2015 D23 Expo. In the 2017 D23, it was revealed that the area would be named Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. In November 2017, it was announced that the planet in the land is called Batuu. The area will debut at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios in 2019 and will include two new attractions inspired by the Millennium Falcon and "a climactic battle between the First Order and the resistance". A Star Wars-themed hotel, a deluxe resort to be built near Disney's Hollywood Studios, was also announced at the 2017 D23 Expo.

This is a document about Virgin Hotels
  Further hotels are being planned in New York City and Nashville. The 300 room New York site will be located on the corner of 29th Street and Broadway. The 240 room Nashville property is to be located at One Music Row. The San Francisco hotel opened on 4th street in February 2019. The Dallas hotel which was the latest to open in December 2019 and is located in the Design District, near Downtown Dallas. The British-based Virgin Hotels Group Limited owns the Virgin Limited Edition portfolio of properties that include luxury resorts such as Necker Island. The group aims to have hotels in 9 locations by 2025. When asked about the operation, Virgin's Richard Branson said

This is a document about Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
  Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge is a themed area inspired by the Star Wars franchise, located in Disneyland Park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, and Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. It encompasses 14 acres at each park. Set in the village of Black Spire Outpost, on the remote frontier planet of Batuu, and features attractions, shops, restaurants and entertainment. The lands were announced on August 15, 2015, and construction at both parks began on April 14, 2016. The Disneyland version opened May 31, 2019, and Disney's Hollywood Studios' version opened August 29, 2019. Walt Disney Imagineering executive Scott Trowbridge supervised development and construction at both parks.

This is a document about Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
  Studios. In July 2017, at the D23 Expo, Chapek revealed that the themed lands would be called Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge. Chapek also announced that the Disneyland version would open first. In November 2017, Trowbridge announced that the planet portrayed by the land is called Batuu, which appears in the 2018 novel Star Wars: Thrawn: Alliances. In May 2018, Trowbridge revealed the village in which the land is set would be called Black Spire Outpost, a location briefly mentioned in the 2018 film Solo: A Star Wars Story. It was also announced that the Disneyland version of the land would open in summer 2019, followed by the Disney's Hollywood Studios version in late fall 2019. The names of

This is a document about Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge
  At Disney's Hollywood Studios, Galaxy's Edge is located in the southwest portion of the park, with two entries from Grand Avenue and Toy Story Land. Galaxy's Edge replaced the majority of the park's former Streets of America area, including the Lights, Motors, Action! Extreme Stunt Show and Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: Movie Set Adventure attractions, which closed on April 2, 2016, as well as the surrounding New York-San Francisco backlot facades, restaurants, and shops. The remaining operating portion of Streets of America, containing Muppet*Vision 3D, and a surviving block of the New York facades, was rethemed as Grand Avenue, a Los Angeles-themed street. An earthen berm with a Figueroa Street themed-tunnel was constructed between Galaxy's Edge and Grand Avenue to divide and connect the two lands. The land opened on August 29, 2019. The land will be accompanied by the Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser themed hotel.

This is a document about Star Wars (film)
  radio signals caused by the Tunisian sands made the radio-controlled R2-D2 models run out of control. Baker said: "I was incredibly grateful each time an [R2] would actually work right." After several scenes were filmed against the volcanic canyons outside Tozeur, production moved to Matmata to film Luke's home on Tatooine. Lucas chose Hotel Sidi Driss, which is larger than the typical underground dwellings, to shoot the interior of Luke's homestead. Additional scenes for Tatooine were filmed at Death Valley in North America. After two-and-a-half weeks of filming in Tunisia, production moved to Elstree Studios, near London, to film interior

This is a document about Star Tours – The Adventures Continue
  new characters and locations. Officials chose to wait until 2003 when production began on Revenge of the Sith before remodeling Star Tours. In April 2005, at Star Wars Celebration III at the Indiana Convention Center in Indianapolis, creator George Lucas confirmed that a Star Tours II was in production. In May 2009, /Film reported that filming for the new version of Star Tours was underway in West Hollywood, California. During pre-production, one of the locations that Imagineers wanted guests to visit was the ice planet of Hoth while it was under siege by Imperial walkers. However, the idea was quickly scrapped because it would interfere with the attraction's placement in the Star Wars timeline. According

This is a document about Disneyland Paris
  The complex features six Disneyland Paris hotels. The Disneyland Hotel is located over the entrance of the Disneyland Park and is marketed as the most prestigious hotel on property. A body of water known as Lake Disney is surrounded by Disney's Hotel New York — The Art of Marvel, Disney's Newport Bay Club, and Disney's Sequoia Lodge. Disney's Hotel Cheyenne and Disney's Hotel Santa Fe are located near Lake Disney; Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch is located in a woodland area outside the resort perimeter. Disneyland Paris includes six on-site partner hotels that are not managed by The Walt Disney Company but provide free shuttle buses to the parks: B&B Hotel, Algonquin's Explorers Hotel, Vienna House Dream Castle Hotel, Vienna House Magic Circus Hotel, Kyriad Hotel, and Radisson Blu Hotel. There are also 2 associated hotels located in Val d'Europe: Adagio Marne-la-Vallée Val d'Europe and Hôtel l'Élysée Val d'Europe. Disney's Hotel New York - The Art of Marvel opened on 21 June 2021.

This is a document about Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser
  be a limited amount of parking in the hotel, although valet parking would be available. Guests entering the park by foot would have to cross over a drainage ditch on the park's southern border. There would also be a driveway connecting to the parking lot of Disney's Hollywood Studios. In addition to walking, guests at the hotel would also be able to travel directly to Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge by a shuttle-pod transportation system. This system would be made to resemble a shuttle spacecraft that would ferry guests between the hotel and the land while maintaining the illusion of traveling from space to the planet's surface and back.

This is a document about Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (film)
  eventually released in March 1979. Several shots in the movie were filmed at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles, California. Several other stock shots portraying futuristic buildings on Earth are that of remaining pavilions on the site of Expo 67, including the British and French national pavilion (now open as the Montreal Casino). These shots were also included in the Battlestar Galactica episode "Greetings from Earth" (1979), in which they were said to be a city on the planet Paradeen (though in production around the same time, the episode aired a month before the release of the Buck Rogers film). Buck's NASA shuttle, Ranger 3, was itself

This is a document about Star Wars Celebration
  It was announced on April 15, 2019, the last day of Celebration Chicago, that in 2020, the next Star Wars Celebration will be held for the second time in Anaheim, California. On June 15, 2020, it was announced that the 2020 Celebration had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the next event scheduled for August 18–21, 2022 at the Anaheim Convention Center. The dates are now updated to May 26 - 29th, 2022.

The Star Wars hotel will be located near Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida.


Question: when does the new spiderman series come out

Answer: August 19 , 2017

This is a document about Spider-Man (2017 TV series)
 for the series' predecessor, "Ultimate Spider-Man", which ended its run in early January 2017. It premiered on August 19, 2017 on Disney XD. The show premiered August 19 on Disney XD in the US, August 28 on Disney XD in India and a simulcast premiere October 14 on Disney Channel (except Disney Channel live-action series) and Disney XD in Southeast Asia. Amy Ratcliffe of IGN gave the first season's premiere a score of 7.4 out of 10, writing that the series "strikes a solid balance between the familiar and the new, emphasizing qualities and hallmarks Spider-Man is known for while

This is a document about Insomniac Games
  Marvel's Spider-Man is a series of action-adventure games based on the comic book superhero Spider-Man. Players play as Peter Parker in Marvel's Spider-Man (2018), and as Miles Morales in Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020). The studio released Marvel's Spider-Man for the PlayStation 4 on September 7, 2018. The game received widespread positive acclaim from various critics. Since its release, the game has sold over 9 million physical and digital units worldwide by November 2018, increasing to 13.2 million copies by August 2019, making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games. The game was remastered for the Ultimate Edition of

This is a document about Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  main character of the Japanese Spider-Man series, and Spider-Woman who will be voiced by Issa Rae. The film entered production by June 2020. Sony announced that the sequel would be released on April 8, 2022, but the release date was later delayed by six months to October 7, 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2021, Lord and Miller revealed that the film was being split into two parts after they had written down the story they wanted to tell for the sequel and realized that it was too much for a single film. Work on both parts was taking place simultaneously, with Part Two expected to be released in 2023.

This is a document about List of accolades received by Marvel's Spider-Man
  Most Anticipated Game at The Game Awards 2017. It was released worldwide on September 7, 2018, for the PlayStation 4. Spider-Man received "generally favorable reviews" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic with a score of 87 from 116 reviews; it was Metacritic's thirteenth highest-scoring PlayStation 4 game of 2018. Spider-Man sold 3.3 million units in its first three days of release, making it the fastest-selling second-party video game release in Sony's history, narrowly beating 2018's God of War 's 3.1 million. USA Today estimated the game made at least US$198 million during this period, surpassing the US$117 million North-American opening-weekend box office

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
   Spider-Man was released worldwide on September 7, 2018, exclusively for PlayStation 4. Customers who pre-ordered the game were given instant access to some unlockable, in-game features, including alternative costumes (Spider-Punk, Iron Spider, and the Velocity Suit, the latter designed by comic book artist Adi Granov), skill points to unlock abilities, the spider-drone, a Spider-Man theme featuring artwork by Granov, and a user avatar for the PlayStation software. Special versions of the game were also made available; the "Digital Deluxe" version includes access to The City That Never Sleeps three story-based DLC chapters and a limited-edition Spider-Man pin for pre-orders of this version in the U.S.

This is a document about Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One)
  Spider-Verse release in 2018, with the writing and directing team attached. It was set to focus on the relationship between Morales and Steinfeld's Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman. The film was officially announced in November 2019, animation work began in June 2020, and the title and plans for a two-part story were revealed in December 2021. Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One) is scheduled to be released in the United States on October 7, 2022, delayed from an initial April 2022 date due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Part Two is expected to be released in 2023, and a female-focused spin-off film is also in development.

This is a document about Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  regarding several Spider-Man spin-off films at a summit in January 2015. At the 2015 CinemaCon in April, Sony Pictures chairman Tom Rothman announced that the animated Spider-Man film had a July 20, 2018 release date, and would be produced by Lord and Miller, Avi Arad, Matt Tolmach, and Pascal, with Lord and Miller also writing a treatment for the film. Rothman said that it would "co-exist" with the live-action Spider-Man films; though Sony soon stated that the film would "exist independently of the projects in the live-action Spider-Man universe," as it is set in an alternate universe from those films,

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
  2019, when Feige first publicly stated Far From Home would serve as the final film of Phase Three. He later added that it would also be the conclusion to "The Infinity Saga". Spider-Man: Far From Home had its premiere in Hollywood on June 26, 2019, and was released in the United States on July 2, 2019. The film is set eight months after Avengers: Endgame. Jackson and Cobie Smulders reprise their roles as Nick Fury and Maria Hill, respectively, from previous MCU films. The mid-credits scene features J. K. Simmons reprising his role as J. Jonah Jameson, having previously portrayed a different incarnation of the character in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film trilogy. The post-credits scene features Ben Mendelsohn as Talos and Sharon Blynn as Soren, reprising their roles from Captain Marvel.

This is a document about Peter Parker (Insomniac Games character)
  superheroes from the multiverse within Marvel Comics to battle the Inheritors. It was first released on September 26, 2018. The comic book designated the character's universe as Earth-1048. The story of Spider-Geddon takes place after the events of the game, and also introduces the universe's version of Tarantula. Insomniac artists provided variant comic book covers for the series. Gage felt that "it seemed like a perfect time" to bring the character into mainstream comic books. A six-issue comic book, titled Spider-Man: City at War, was released in March 2019. It follows the events of the game while introducing some new events.

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
  Peter Parker goes on a school trip to Europe with his friends. While abroad, he is recruited by Nick Fury to team up with Quentin Beck to battle the Elementals. In December 2016, Sony Pictures scheduled a sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming for release on July 5, 2019. A year later, Watts was confirmed to be returning to direct the film. Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, two of the writers of the first film, returned to write the script. Holland revealed the film's title as Spider-Man: Far From Home in late June 2018. Filming began in July 2018, in England, with filming also occurring in the Czech Republic, Venice, and New York City. and lasted until October 2018. It was believed that the film would be the first film in Phase Four until

This is a document about Spider-Man: Homecoming
  The production team made efforts to differentiate the film from previous Spider-Man films. Spider-Man: Homecoming premiered in Hollywood on June 28, 2017, and was released in the United States on July 7, as part of Phase Three of the MCU. Homecoming grossed over $880million worldwide, becoming the second-most-successful Spider-Man film and the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2017. It received praise for the light tone and focus on Parker's high school life, and the performances, particularly of Holland and Keaton. Two sequels have been released: Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). A prequel animated series, Spider-Man: Freshman Year, is in development, as is a new trilogy of live-action films from Sony and Marvel Studios starring Holland.

This is a document about List of accolades received by Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  in the Spider-Man franchise. The film had its world premiere at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on December 1, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 14. It grossed a worldwide total of over $375 million on a production budget of $90 million. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes surveyed 375 reviews and judged 97% to be positive. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100, based on reviews from 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim." Market research firm CinemaScore polled audiences in North America, and rated the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak's audience survey gave it a 90% overall positive score

This is a document about Spider-Man (2017 TV series)
  In October 2016, the series was announced by Cort Lane, senior vice president of Marvel Animation, as a replacement for the series' predecessor, Ultimate Spider-Man, which ended its run in early January 2017. Spider-Man premiered on August 19, 2017 on Disney XD. The show was renewed for a second season, which premiered on June 18, 2018. The show was subtitled Spider-Man: Maximum Venom for its third season. Production on "Maximum Venom" started from around February 2019 and ended in October 2019.

This is a document about Spider-Man: Far From Home
  for Avengers: Endgame prior to its April 2019 release. Spider-Man: Far From Home premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on June 26, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 2, as the last film in Phase Three of the MCU. The film received positive reviews with praise for its humor, action sequences, visual effects, and performances. It grossed over $1.1 billion worldwide, making it the first Spider-Man film to pass the billion-dollar mark, Sony Pictures' highest-grossing film ever, the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2019, and became the 24th-highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel, Spider-Man: No Way Home, was released in December 2021.

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man (film)
  The Amazing Spider-Man was originally reported as being the first of at least three films to the trilogy. The sequel, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was released on May 2, 2014. On June 17, 2013, Sony announced two more sequels to follow The Amazing Spider-Man 2, which were scheduled to release on June 10, 2016, and May 4, 2018, respectively. However, in July 2014, the third film was delayed to an unspecified date in 2018. In November 2013, Sony Pictures Entertainment chief Michael Lynton told analysts, "We do very much have the ambition about creating a bigger universe around Spider-Man. There are a number of scripts in the works". A Venom spin-off had been in early stages of planning at the studio since 2008. In December 2013, Sony announced plans for spin-offs featuring the supervillains Sinister Six and Venom.

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
  April 2016, the title was revealed to be Spider-Man: Homecoming. Production began in June 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios, and concluded in October 2016. Spider-Man: Homecoming premiered on June 28, 2017 in Hollywood, and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5, and the United States on July 7, 2017. The film is set several months after the events of Captain America: Civil War, which is four years after the events of 2012's The Avengers. In April 2016, Feige confirmed that characters from previous MCU films would appear in the film, with Robert Downey Jr. confirmed to reprise his role as Tony Stark / Iron Man

This is a document about Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One)
  Morales and Hailee Steinfeld's Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman, exploring a romance between the two characters that had been cut from the first film. She added that the sequel would serve as a "launching pad" for a previously announced female-focused spin-off film starring Steinfeld. Sony officially confirmed the sequel in November 2019, setting a release date of April 8, 2022. Lord and Miller were confirmed to be returning as producers. When making changes to its film schedule in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Sony shifted the film's release date to October 7, 2022. In February 2021, Miller revealed that he and Lord were working on the film's screenplay with Callaham and said Peter Ramsey would serve as an executive producer on the

This is a document about Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  crew used by Sony Pictures Animation on a feature film. The film is dedicated to the memories of the creators of Spider-Man, Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, who both died in 2018. Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse premiered at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on December 1, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 14, in Dolby Cinema, RealD 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX formats. The film grossed over $375 million worldwide against a $90 million budget. It received acclaim from critics, who praised its animation, characters, story, voice acting, and humor. The film won Best Animated Feature at

This is a document about Spider-Man in video games
  A true sequel to Marvel's Spider-Man was announced on September 9, 2021, and is currently scheduled for release in 2023. Yuri Lowenthal and Nadji Jeter reprise their roles as Peter Parker and Miles Morales. The characters Venom and Kraven the Hunter will also make his debut in the series, with Venom voiced by Tony Todd.

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man 2
  In February 2015, Sony and Marvel Studios announced that a new iteration of Spider-Man would appear in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, with the character appearing in Captain America: Civil War. Sony Pictures will continue to finance, distribute, own and have final creative control of the Spider-Man films. Marvel Studios and Sony will explore opportunities to integrate other characters of the MCU into future Spider-Man films. Sony released a standalone film titled Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), produced by Kevin Feige and Amy Pascal, on July 7, 2017, with Tom Holland starring as the new Spider-Man. Holland reprises his portrayal of the character in Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019). Marvel and Sony canceled their deal in August 2019 over production issues and Spider-Man coming back to Sony as a separate character, no longer

The new Spider-Man series, "Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse Part Two," is expected to be released in 2023.


Question: who made the universal declaration of human rights

Answer: the United Nations General Assembly

This is a document about Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 now grown into a global movement, including hundreds of groups, clubs and chapters around the world. Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have

This is a document about Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the then 58 members of the United Nations, 48 voted in favor, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. The Declaration consists of 30 articles affirming an individual's rights which, although not legally binding in themselves, have been elaborated in subsequent international treaties, economic transfers, regional human rights instruments, national constitutions, and other

This is a document about Association for Civil Rights in Israel
 promoting the universality of human rights and defending the human rights and civil liberties of all, regardless of religion, nationality, gender, ethnicity, political affiliation, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic background." The association established its views based on the basic rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, and the values in Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. In 1981, ACRI instituted a human rights award to be given to "individuals and organizations that have made a outstanding contribution to the advancement of human rights in Israel". The award

This is a document about New Zealand contributions to human rights instruments
 New Zealand contributions to human rights instruments New Zealand has taken an active role in the negotiation and drafting of several international human rights instruments including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New Zealand made a number of contributions in the lead up to and in the drafting of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. Its first involvement came in 1945 when a New

This is a document about Human rights
 and the UN Charter can be seen as the starting point for the development of a broad array of declarations, treaties, implementation and enforcement mechanisms, UN organs, committees and reports on the protection of human rights. The rights espoused in the UN charter were codified and defined in a non-binding context within the International Bill of Human Rights, composing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948,

This is a document about Right to family life
 life. It has been emphasised that it is not the task of monitoring bodies to “supervise the government's immigration policy, but to examine whether the applicant’s right to respect for family life had been ensured without discrimination”. Both Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 23 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights provide basis for the right to family life as a fundamental human right. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948, clarifying universal rights held by all individuals regardless of

This is a document about Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted between early 1947 and late 1948 by a committee formed by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Further discussion and amendments were made by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations. Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns and a pediment. Members of the Commission who contributed significantly to the creation of the Declaration included Canadian John Peters Humphrey of the United Nations Secretariat, Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who chaired the Drafting Committee), René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, P. C. Chang of Republic of China, and Hansa Jivraj Mehta of India among others. While not a member of the drafting committee, the French philosopher Jacques Maritain was influential in the lead up to the drafting of the Universal Declaration, advocacy for it within UNESCO in 1947–1948, and in its subsequent advancement.

This is a document about United Nations
  One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights. In 1948, the General Assembly adopted a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, drafted by a committee headed by American diplomat and activist Eleanor Roosevelt, and including the French lawyer René Cassin. The document proclaims basic civil, political, and economic rights common to all human beings, though its effectiveness towards achieving these ends has been disputed since its

This is a document about John Peters Humphrey
  In 1946, Assistant Secretary-General to the United Nations, Henri Laugier, appointed John Peters Humphrey as the first Director of the United Nations Division of Human Rights, within the United Nations Secretariat. Humphrey was a principal drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After consulting with the executive group of the Commission, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, Professor Humphrey prepared the first preliminary draft of what was to become the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. On the night of December 10, 1948, the General Assembly unanimously adopted the Declaration, dubbed by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt as "the international Magna Carta of all humankind."

This is a document about Human rights education
  The "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" is acknowledged as a landmark document in human rights history. It was drafted by representatives from various countries and regions with varying legal and cultural experiences. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed this declaration in Paris, France, on 10 December 1948. This Declaration states that basic human rights require protection. It was translated into more than 500 languages worldwide.

This is a document about History of civil rights in the United States
  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. It was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. A foundational text in the history of human and civil rights, the Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings. Adopted as a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations", the

This is a document about Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings. It was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the 58 members of the United Nations at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstained, and two did not vote. A foundational text in the history of human and civil rights, the Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings. Adopted as a "common standard

This is a document about Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  In June 1946, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)—a principal organ of the newly founded United Nations responsible for promoting human rights—created the Commission on Human Rights (CHR), a standing body within the UN tasked with preparing what was initially conceived as an International Bill of Rights. It had 18 members from various national, religious, and political backgrounds, so as to be representative of humanity. In February 1947, the Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, to write the articles of the Declaration. The Committee met in two sessions

This is a document about Eleanor Roosevelt
  In December 1945, President Harry S. Truman appointed Roosevelt as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly. In April 1946, she became the first chairperson of the preliminary United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Roosevelt remained chairperson when the commission was established on a permanent basis in January 1947. Along with René Cassin, John Peters Humphrey and others, she played an instrumental role in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). In a speech on the night of September 28, 1948, Roosevelt spoke in favor of the Declaration, calling it "the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere". The Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly on December 10, 1948. The vote was unanimous, with eight abstentions: six Soviet Bloc countries as

This is a document about Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  The Universal Declaration has received praise from a number of notable activists, jurists, and political leaders. Lebanese philosopher and diplomat Charles Malik called it "an international document of the first order of importance", while Eleanor Roosevelt—first chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) that helped draft the Declaration—stated that it "may well become the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere." At the 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights, one of the largest international gatherings on human rights, diplomats and officials representing 100 nations reaffirmed their governments' "commitment to the purposes and principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal

This is a document about Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
  The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was adopted in 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante), during the French revolution. Prepared and proposed by the Marquis de Lafayette, the declaration asserted that all men "are born and remain free and equal in rights" and that these rights were universal. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen became a key human rights document and a classic formulation of the rights of individuals vis-a-vis the state. The Declaration exposed inconsistencies of laws that treated citizens differently on the basis of sex,

This is a document about China and the United Nations
  ROC was the vice-chairman of United Nations Commission on Human Rights that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Eleanor Roosevelt, as the driving force behind the Declaration, recalled in her memoirs: "Dr. Chang was a pluralist and held forth in charming fashion on the proposition that there is more than one kind of ultimate reality. The Declaration, he said, should reflect more than simply Western ideas and Dr. Humphrey would have to be eclectic in his approach...at one point Dr. Chang suggested that the Secretariat might well spend a few months studying the fundamentals of Confucianism!" The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by

This is a document about Habeas corpus
  specified by law.' Its article 5 provides that everyone has the right to liberty and sets forth permissible circumstances under which people may be deprived of their liberty and procedural safeguards in case of detention. In particular, it states that 'anyone deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful'." France and the United States played a synergistic role in the international team, led by Eleanor Roosevelt, which crafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The French judge and Nobel Peace Laureate René Cassin produced the first draft and argued against arbitrary detentions. René Cassin and the French team subsequently championed the habeas corpus provisions enshrined in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

This is a document about Human rights
   The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a non-binding declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, partly in response to the events of World War II. The UDHR urges member states to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world". The declaration was the first international legal effort to limit the behavior of states and make sure they did their duties to their citizens following the model of the rights-duty duality. "...recognition of the inherent dignity and of the

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948. It was not made by any individual or organization, but rather it is an international document that affirms the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.


Question: a language that used symbols to represent objects

Answer: pictograms

This is a document about Ideogram
 Ideogram An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek "idéa" "idea" and "gráphō" "to write") is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept, independent of any particular language, and specific words or phrases. Some ideograms are comprehensible only by familiarity with prior convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and thus may also be referred to as pictograms. In proto-writing, used for inventories and the like, physical objects are represented by stylized or conventionalized pictures, or pictograms. For example, the pictorial Dongba symbols without Geba annotation cannot represent the Naxi language, but are used as

This is a document about Object language
  An object language is a language which is the "object" of study in various fields including logic (or metalogic), linguistics, mathematics (or metamathematics), and theoretical computer science. The language being used to talk about an object language is called a metalanguage. An object language may be a formal or natural language.

This is a document about Symbolic language (mathematics)
  In mathematics, a symbolic language is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations, expressions, and statements, and the entities or operands on which the operations are performed.

This is a document about Symbolic language (programming)
  In computer science, a symbolic language is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations and the entities (or operands) on which these operations are performed. Modern programming languages use symbols to represent concepts and/or data and are therefore, examples of symbolic languages. Some programming languages (such as Lisp and Mathematica) make it easy to represent higher-level abstractions as expressions in the language, enabling symbolic programming.,

This is a document about Modeling language
  Object modeling languages are modeling languages based on a standardized set of symbols and ways of arranging them to model (part of) an object oriented software design or system design. Some organizations use them extensively in combination with a software development methodology to progress from initial specification to an implementation plan and to communicate that plan to an entire team of developers and stakeholders. Because a modeling language is visual and at a higher-level of abstraction than code, using models encourages the generation of a shared vision that may prevent problems of differing interpretation later in development. Often software modeling tools are used to construct these models, which may then be capable of automatic translation to code.

This is a document about Smalltalk
  addition to strings, Smalltalk has a class of character sequence objects called Symbol. Symbols are guaranteed to be unique—there can be no two equal symbols which are different objects. Because of that, symbols are very cheap to compare and are often used for language artifacts such as message selectors (see below). Symbols are written as # followed by a string literal. For example: If the sequence does not include whitespace or punctuation characters, this can also be written as: Arrays: defines an array of four integers. Many implementations support the following literal syntax for ByteArrays: defines a ByteArray of four integers. And last but not least, blocks (anonymous function literals) Blocks are explained in detail further in the text. Many Smalltalk dialects implement additional syntaxes for other objects, but the ones above are the essentials supported by all.

This is a document about Symbol (programming)
  The following programming languages provide runtime support for symbols:

This is a document about Digital encoding of APL symbols
  The programming language APL uses a number of symbols, rather than words from natural language, to identify operations, similarly to mathematical symbols. Prior to the wide adoption of Unicode, a number of special-purpose EBCDIC and non-EBCDIC code pages were used to represent the symbols required for writing APL.

This is a document about Outline of logic
 Symbol ; Formula ; Formal system ; Theorem ; Formal proof ; Theory Object language

This is a document about Symbolic language (art)
  In art, symbolic language refers to the use of characters or images to represent concepts. Symbolic language in art uses imagery to communicate meaning by displaying an accessible concept, the signifier, to represent a signified concept. Symbolic language in art may be used figuratively, to reference ideas and "convey concepts in terms of images", as when images and positioning of objects such as flowers or animals are used to signify cultural concepts. Symbolic language in art may be used more literally, as in floriography, where arrangements of flowers are decoded with the help of special dictionaries, enabling communication of secret, unspoken information as a form of cryptography. Similarly, in religious iconography, symbolic languages may be developed to communicate between believers in a hostile environment, with progressive teachings providing increasing access to hidden meanings in the images.

This is a document about Object-oriented programming
  abstract data type support which may be used to resemble OO programming, but without all features of object-orientation. This includes object-based and prototype-based languages. Examples: JavaScript, Lua, Modula-2, CLU. ; Chameleon languages that support multiple paradigms, including OO. Tcl stands out among these for TclOO, a hybrid object system that supports both prototype-based programming and class-based OO. Simula (1967) is generally accepted as being the first language with the primary features of an object-oriented language. It was created for making simulation programs, in which what came to be called objects were the most important information representation. Smalltalk (1972 to 1980) is another early example, and the one with which much of the theory of OOP was developed. Concerning the degree of object orientation, the following distinctions can be made:

This is a document about List of constructed languages
  Visual languages use symbols or movements in place of the spoken word. Constructed sign languages also fall in this category.

This is a document about Symbol (programming)
  A symbol in computer programming is a primitive data type whose instances have a unique human-readable form. Symbols can be used as identifiers. In some programming languages, they are called atoms. Uniqueness is enforced by holding them in a symbol table. The most common use of symbols by programmers is for performing language reflection (particularly for callbacks), and most common indirectly is their use to create object linkages. In the most trivial implementation, they are essentially named integers (e.g. the enumerated type in C).

This is a document about Object theory
 Example: Given a simple system = { { ←, ↑, →, ↓ }, ∫ } for a very simple relationship between the objects as signified by the symbol ∫: Or, we might specify that ∫ represents 90-degree counter-clockwise rotations of a simple object →. Object theory is a theory in mathematical logic concerning objects and the statements that can be made about objects. In some cases "objects" can be concretely thought of as symbols and strings of symbols, here illustrated by a string of four symbols " ←←↑↓←→←↓" as composed from the 4-symbol alphabet { ←, ↑, →, ↓ }.

This is a document about Object theory
  in the domain, ↀ and ∫ are symbols for relations between the objects, => indicates the "IF THEN" logical operator, ε is the symbol that indicates "is an element of the set O", and "n" will be used to indicate an arbitrary element of set-of-objects O. After (i) a definition of "string S"—an object that is a symbol ※ or concatenated symbols ※, ↀ or ∫, and (ii) a definition of "well-formed" strings -- (basis) ※ and ↀS, ∫S where S is any string, come the axioms: So what might be the (intended) interpretation of these symbols, definitions, and axioms?

This is a document about Object language
  Mathematical logic and linguistics make use of metalanguages, which are languages for describing the nature of other languages. In mathematical logic, the object language is usually a formal language. The language which a metalanguage is used to describe is the object language. It is called that because that language is the object under discussion using the metalanguage. For instance, someone who says "In French, you say Bonjour to greet someone" uses English as a metalanguage to describe the object language French.

This is a document about Symbol (programming)
  In Prolog, symbols (or atoms) are the primary primitive data types, similar to numbers. The exact notation may differ in different Prolog's dialects. However, it is always quite simple (no quotations or special beginning characters are necessary). Contrary to other languages, it is possible to give symbols some meaning by creating some Prolog's facts and/or rules.

This is a document about Ideogram
  Inspired by inaccurate early descriptions of Chinese and Japanese characters as ideograms, many Western thinkers have sought to design universal written languages, in which symbols denote concepts rather than words. An early proposal was An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language (1668) by John Wilkins. A recent example is the system of Blissymbols, which was devised by Charles K. Bliss in 1949 and currently includes over 2,000 symbols.

This is a document about Object language
  Computer languages are object languages of the metalanguage in which their specification is written. In computer science this is referred to as the specification language. Backus–Naur form was one of the earliest used specification languages. When compilers are written using systems like lex and yacc, the rules the programmer writes look much like a formal specification, but it is considered an implementation instead. Many programming language implementations are not strictly the same as their specifications, adding features or making implementation-dependent design decisions.

An ideographic language is a type of language that uses symbols, called ideograms, to represent objects or concepts independently of any specific language or word. Examples of ideographic languages include Chinese, Japanese, and some ancient writing systems. In mathematics and computer science, a symbolic language is a language that uses symbols to represent concepts, operations, and entities, such as mathematical symbols or programming languages.


Question: who came up with the vaccine for polio

Answer: Jonas Salk

This is a document about Polio vaccine
 poliomyelitis per million doses given. This compares with 5,000 cases per million who are paralysed following a polio infection. Both are generally safe to give during pregnancy and in those who have HIV/AIDS but are otherwise well. The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. They are on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in

This is a document about Polio vaccine
 year, with deaths in those years numbering 3,200 and 1,400. Amid this U.S. polio epidemic, millions of dollars were invested in finding and marketing a polio vaccine by commercial interests, including Lederle Laboratories in New York under the direction of H. R. Cox. Also working at Lederle was Polish-born virologist and immunologist Hilary Koprowski of the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, who tested the first successful polio vaccine, in 1950. His vaccine, however, being a live attenuated virus taken orally, was still in the research stage and would not be ready for use until five years after Jonas Salk's polio vaccine

This is a document about Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine
 polio vaccine. By the 1950, Jonas Salk had tested both live, attenuated polio vaccines and formaldehyde killed polio vaccines in monkeys and by 1952, began testing on humans. The killed vaccine was found to be effective, with proper filtration of the biological culture. A problem with this vaccine was the perception that to be adequately protected; a child had to get three Salk shots, properly spaced, and a recommended booster shot once a year, which was expensive. It should be noted however, that Jonas Salk, himself, has stated in interviews that this perception is not at all true. This vaccine

This is a document about Harry Weaver (neuroscience)
 died at his home in San Clemente, California, age 68. The polio vaccine was discovered and developed by Jonas Salk between 1952 and 1955. Weaver, acting as the Director of Research at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, now known as the March of Dimes,from 1946 to 1953, supported Salk's work with a sense of urgency for the development of the Polio vaccine. Weaver's urgency for developing a vaccine as quickly as possible was somewhat counter to the development of the Oral polio vaccine by Albert Sabin between 1954 and 1961. However, his support of Salk's vaccine was considered to

This is a document about Poliomyelitis
 Warm Springs, Georgia, US. In 2008 four organizations (Rotary International, the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and UNICEF) were added to the Hall of Fame. World Polio Day (24 October) was established by Rotary International to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who led the first team to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis. Use of this inactivated poliovirus vaccine and subsequent widespread use of the oral poliovirus vaccine developed by Albert Sabin led to establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988. Since then, GPEI has reduced polio worldwide by 99 percent. The term

This is a document about OPV AIDS hypothesis
 OPV AIDS hypothesis The oral polio vaccine (OPV) AIDS hypothesis posits that the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures and then administered to up to one million Africans between 1957 and 1960 in experimental mass vaccination campaigns. Data analyses in molecular biology and phylogenetic studies contradict the OPV AIDS hypothesis; consequently, scientific consensus regards the hypothesis as disproven. The journal "Nature" has described the hypothesis as "refuted". Two vaccines are used throughout the world to combat poliomyelitis. The first polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, is an "inactivated poliovirus vaccine" (IPV), consisting of a

This is a document about Hilary Koprowski
 he is chair of the department of radiation oncology at Christiana Hospital in Delaware. While at Lederle Laboratories, Koprowski created the world's first polio vaccine, based on an orally administered attenuated polio virus. In researching a potential polio vaccine, he had focused on live viruses that were attenuated (rendered non-virulent) rather than on killed viruses (the latter became the basis for the injected vaccine subsequently developed by Jonas Salk). Koprowski viewed the live vaccine as more powerful, since it entered the intestinal tract directly and could provide lifelong immunity, whereas the Salk vaccine required booster shots. Also, administering a vaccine

This is a document about HeLa
 cells were used by Jonas Salk to test the first polio vaccine in the 1950s. They were observed to be easily infected by poliomyelitis, causing infected cells to die. This made HeLa cells highly desirable for polio vaccine testing since results could be easily obtained. A large volume of HeLa cells were needed for the testing of Salk's polio vaccine, prompting the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) to find a facility capable of mass-producing HeLa cells. In the spring of 1953, a cell culture factory was established at Tuskegee University to supply Salk and other labs with HeLa cells.

This is a document about Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine
 Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine Polio (Infantile paralysis or poliomyelitis) epidemics were a concern during the summer months for children globally, with records of polio from the Egyptians and Greeks to the 1950s epidemics. In the summer of 1921, this epidemic became notorious when Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Democratic contender for the vice presidency, was struck down by polio at the age of 39. Two U.S. virologists, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh and Albert B. Sabin of the University of Cincinnati emerged as the most prominent among dozens of American researchers on the quest for a

This is a document about Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine
 a serious threat in parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria. Cold War tensions and the polio vaccine Polio (Infantile paralysis or poliomyelitis) epidemics were a concern during the summer months for children globally, with records of polio from the Egyptians and Greeks to the 1950s epidemics. In the summer of 1921, this epidemic became notorious when Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Democratic contender for the vice presidency, was struck down by polio at the age of 39. Two U.S. virologists, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh and Albert B. Sabin of the University of Cincinnati emerged as the most prominent

This is a document about Carl Kurlander
 Obisbo Film Festival and has been picked up for broadcast by the Smithsonian Channel. The film is about Jonas Salk and his team at the University of Pittsburgh who pulled together with a nation to conquer one of the most feared diseases of the twentieth century, polio, and current efforts to finish the job and make the world polio free. "Shot" began as a class project at the University of Pittsburgh based on footage culled from the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the Salk vaccine. The updated version of the film features a rare film interview with Bill Gates speaking about

This is a document about Satendra Singh (doctor)
 or humiliated at airports and that security personnel have been sensitized towards them. Corrected wrong celebration of Salk's birthday on World Polio Day Rotary International established World Polio Day (24 October) to commemorate the birthday of virologist Jonas Salk who developed polio vaccine. This erroneous observance was first challenged by Dr Singh in his publication in the official journal of the Edward Jenner Society's Vaccine (journal). Even Google dedicated a doodle on Salk's 100th birthday to confirm 28 October as his birthday. Rotary still celebrates the day on 24 October despite media reporting on the contrary. His sustained advocacy also

This is a document about History of animal testing
 moment antibiotics were introduced, the fall became steep so that by the 1980s mortality in developed countries was effectively zero. In the 1940s, Jonas Salk used rhesus monkey cross-contamination studies to isolate the three forms of the polio virus that affected hundreds of thousands yearly. Salk's team created a vaccine against the strains of polio in cell cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells. The vaccine was made publicly available in 1955 and reduced the incidence of polio 15-fold in the USA over the following five years. Albert Sabin made a superior "live" vaccine by passing the polio virus through animal

This is a document about David Bodian
 David Bodian David Bodian (15 May 1910 – 18 September 1992) was an American medical scientist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine who worked in polio research. In the early 1940s he helped lay the groundwork for the eventual development of polio vaccines by combining neurological research with the study of the pathogenesis of polio. With his understanding of the disease, he made a series of crucial discoveries that paved the way for the final development of a vaccine by Jonas Salk and later by Albert Sabin. David Bodian was born in St. Louis to Jewish parents who

This is a document about History of poliomyelitis
 Hospital, successfully cultivated the poliovirus in human tissue. This significant breakthrough ultimately allowed for the development of the polio vaccines. Enders and his colleagues, Thomas H. Weller and Frederick C. Robbins, were recognized for their labors with the Nobel Prize in 1954. Two vaccines are used throughout the world to combat polio. The first was developed by Jonas Salk, first tested in 1952, and announced to the world by Salk on April 12, 1955. The Salk vaccine, or "inactivated poliovirus vaccine" (IPV), consists of an injected dose of killed poliovirus. In 1954, the vaccine was tested for its ability to

This is a document about Ralph Paffenbarger
 Physical Activity and Health", published in 1996. Paffenbarger grew up in Columbus, Ohio, the son of an Ohio State University faculty member. Paffenbarger earned his MD degree from Northwestern University Medical School during World War II, and his DrPH degree in epidemiology from Johns Hopkins University. Early in his career, Paffenbarger engaged in polio research as an officer in the United States Public Health Service, focusing on the transmission and pathogenesis of polio. He worked with Dr. Jonas Salk to develop the first effective polio vaccine. In the mid 1950s, he shifted to chronic disease epidemiology and the search for

This is a document about India National PolioPlus
  United States. 1916: The 1916 New York City polio epidemic receives worldwide attention, accelerating research into polio. 1948: Thomas Huckle Weller and Frederick Robbins grow poliovirus in cells, for which they later receive Nobel Prize. 1952: Jonas Salk develops the first vaccine against polio – an injectable, inactivated (killed) polio vaccine. 1961: Albert Sabin develops an oral polio vaccine (OPV) using attenuated poliovirus. The OPV rapidly becomes the vaccine of choice against polio. 1972: Albert Sabin the inventor of OPV in a humanitarian gesture gives strains of Poliovirus to Rotary who further donates these to World Health Organization to increase their availability to developing countries. 1979 : Rotary

This is a document about Polio vaccine
    The first effective polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk and a team at the University of Pittsburgh that included Julius Youngner, Byron Bennett, L. James Lewis, and Lorraine Friedman, which required years of subsequent testing. Salk went on CBS radio to report a successful test on a small group of adults and children on 26 March 1953; two days later, the results were published in JAMA. Leone N. Farrell invented a key laboratory technique that enabled the mass production of the vaccine by a team she led in Toronto. Beginning 23 February 1954, the vaccine was tested at Arsenal Elementary School and the Watson Home for Children in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Salk's vaccine was then used in a

This is a document about Polio
  polio and 364 cases of vaccine-derived polio. Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years, with depictions of the disease in ancient art. The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by the English physician Michael Underwood in 1789, and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1909 by the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner. Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States. In the 20th century, it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas. The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk. Soon after, Albert Sabin developed an oral vaccine, which has become the world standard.

Jonas Salk developed the inactivated polio vaccine, which came into use in 1955. Albert Sabin developed the oral polio vaccine, which came into commercial use in 1961.