Question: when did star wars episode 2 come out

Answer: 2002

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
 Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in "", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)
 son Boba is explored further. "Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones " reached 2 on the New York Times bestseller list on May 12, 2002. Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel) The Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones novelization was written by R. A. Salvatore and published on April 23, 2002 by Del Rey. It is based on the script of the . It includes much expansion of scenes and also many scenes which were cut from the movie. Some of them are original to the book. The biggest addition to the

This is a document about Solo: A Star Wars Story
 projections to $115 million. It grossed just $84.4 million in its opening weekend (and $103 million over the four–day weekend), far below projections and marking the lowest "Star Wars" debut since "[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones|Attack of the Clones]]" in 2002, although it did set a new career-high opening for Howard. "Deadline Hollywood" compared the below-expectations opening to "[[Justice League (film)|Justice League]]" the previous November, and attributed it to fan negativity toward the concept and the behind-the-scenes problems, as well as competition from "[[Deadpool 2]]" and "Avengers: Infinity War". Many analysts and publications, including "Deadline", "[[The

This is a document about Star Wars Episode I: Racer
 received generally positive reviews from critics. Several major media outlets listed it as one of the top "Star Wars" video games. , the game holds the Guinness record as the best-selling sci-fi racing game, having worldwide sales of 3.12 million and beating other series like "Wipeout" and "F-Zero". Two titles featuring podracing were released after "Episode I: Racer"'s release. "", an arcade game featuring many similar tracks and characters, was released in 2000. A sequel, "Star Wars Racer Revenge" was released in 2002 for the PlayStation 2. "Star Wars Episode I: Racer" features a variety of tracks spanning several different

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)
 Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel) The Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones novelization was written by R. A. Salvatore and published on April 23, 2002 by Del Rey. It is based on the script of the . It includes much expansion of scenes and also many scenes which were cut from the movie. Some of them are original to the book. The biggest addition to the story is the fact that the Lars family are introduced and have their own subplot leading up to when they appear in the movie. We read how

This is a document about Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002 video game)
 tide of the war, but Yoda reminds him the war is far from over. The game achieved mixed to positive reception on online gaming website reviews. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 75.33% and 73 out of 100 for the GameCube version; 70.46% and 72 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; and 74.74% and 71 out of 100 for the Xbox version. Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2002 video game) Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a video game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts for GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox. This game mostly

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
 Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is a 2005 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. It is the sixth entry in the "Star Wars" film series and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. A sequel to "" (1999) and "" (2002), it is the third and final installment in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. The film begins three years after the onset of the Clone Wars. The Jedi

This is a document about Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter
 upon release. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 81.96% and 81 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version, and 78.35% and 78 out of 100 for the Xbox version. "Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine" thought highly of the game, giving it a score of 8 out of 10 and describing it in this way: "Starfighter returns with a few welcome innovations." In Japan, "Famitsu" gave the PS2 version a score of 32 out of 40. Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter is a 2002 action video game for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. developed and

This is a document about Star Wars sequel trilogy
 that there would be no Star Wars Episodes VII, VIII, and IX, since the time feels right to move on: In 1999, when asked about the possibility of someone else making "Star Wars" films, Lucas said, "Probably not, it's my thing." In August 1999, at a press conference in New York City to discuss "The Phantom Menace", Lucas described the "nine year commitment" required to make a "Star Wars" trilogy. In 2002, he said: "Basically what I said as a joke was, 'Maybe when Harrison and Carrie are in their 70s, we'll come back and do another version.' The thing

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)
  Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones  reached 2 on the New York Times bestseller list on May 12, 2002.

This is a document about Star Wars Trilogy
  Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977; unlikely hero Luke Skywalker is drawn into a galactic conflict between the Empire and Rebel Alliance by two droids and an old Jedi Knight; he helps make one of the Rebellion's most significant victories. The film's unanticipated success led Lucas to make it the basis of an elaborate serial. With the backstory he created for the sequel, Lucas decided that the series would be a trilogy of trilogies, with the original film given the subtitle Episode IV – A New Hope to establish it as the first part of the second trilogy. The first sequel, Star Wars: Episode

This is a document about Star Wars
  Technical advances in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the ability to create computer-generated imagery (CGI), inspired Lucas to consider that it might be possible to revisit his saga. In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequels would be "unbelievably expensive." In 1992, he acknowledged that he had plans to create the prequel trilogy. A theatrical rerelease of the original trilogy in 1997 "updated" the 20-year-old films with the style of CGI envisioned for the new trilogy. Episode I: The Phantom Menace was released on May 19, 1999, and Episode II: Attack of the Clones on May 16, 2002. Episode III: Revenge of the

This is a document about Lorne Peterson
 Star Wars (1977) ; The Empire Strikes Back (1980) ; Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) ; E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) ; Return of the Jedi (1983) ; Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) ; Ghostbusters II (1989) ; Back to the Future Part II (1989) ; Hook (1991) ; Jurassic Park (1993) ; Star Trek Generations (1994) ; The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) ; Men in Black (1997) ; Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999) ; Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) ; Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) ; Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) ; Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)

This is a document about Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones
  Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space-opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. The sequel to The Phantom Menace (1999), it is the fifth film in the Star Wars film series and second chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". The film stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Frank Oz. The story is set ten years after The Phantom Menace, as thousands of planetary systems slowly secede from the Galactic Republic and join the newly-formed Confederacy of Independent Systems, led by former Jedi Master Count Dooku. With the galaxy on the brink of civil war, Obi-Wan Kenobi investigates a mysterious assassination

This is a document about Star Wars prequel trilogy
  Having been significantly anticipated by fans, Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace was released on May 19, 1999. It sees the Jedi coming into contact with the young Anakin Skywalker and the corruption of the Galactic Senate by Palpatine (Darth Sidious). Episode II – Attack of the Clones was released on May 16, 2002. The story jumps ahead 10 years and finds Anakin—now a Jedi apprentice of Obi-Wan Kenobi—pursuing a forbidden romance, as well as the outbreak of the Clone Wars. Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, the first PG-13 film in the franchise, was released on May 19, 2005. It depicts Anakin's fall to the dark side of the Force and his rebirth as Darth Vader.

This is a document about Star Wars Trilogy
  The Star Wars Trilogy, also known as the original trilogy or the classic trilogy, is the first set of three films produced in the Star Wars franchise, an American space opera created by George Lucas. It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox, and consists of the original Star Wars film (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Return of the Jedi (1983). Beginning in medias res, the original trilogy serves as the second act of the nine-episode Skywalker saga. It was followed by a prequel trilogy between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy between 2015 and 2019. Collectively, they are referred to as the "Skywalker Saga" to distinguish them from spin-off films set within the same universe. The films center on the Galactic Civil War between the Rebel Alliance and the tyrannical Galactic Empire, as well as the archetypical hero's journey of Luke Skywalker

This is a document about Star Wars
  Star Wars is an American epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has been expanded into various films and other media, including television series, video games, novels, comic books, theme park attractions, and themed areas, comprising an all-encompassing fictional universe. In 2020, its total value was estimated at US$70billion, and it is currently the fifth-highest-grossing media franchise of all time. The original film (Star Wars), retroactively subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope (1977), was followed by the sequels Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983), forming the original Star Wars trilogy. Lucas later returned to filmmaking to direct a prequel trilogy, consisting of Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999), Episode II:

This is a document about Star Wars
  The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, the nine films of which are collectively referred to as the "Skywalker saga". They were produced non-chronologically, with Episodes IV–VI (the original trilogy) being released between 1977 and 1983, Episodes I–III (the prequel trilogy) being released between 1999 and 2005, and Episodes VII–IX (the sequel trilogy), being released between 2015 and 2019. Each trilogy focuses on a generation of the Force-sensitive Skywalker family. The original trilogy depicts the heroic development of Luke Skywalker, the prequels tell the backstory of his father Anakin, while the sequels feature Luke's nephew, Ben Solo. An anthology series set between the main episodes entered development in parallel to the production of the sequel trilogy, described by Disney chief financial officer Jay Rasulo as origin stories. The first entry, Rogue One (2016), tells the story of the rebels who steal the Death Star plans

This is a document about Lawrence Kasdan
  since we saw Han. We'd all gone through 30 years of life, and what it tells you is, you make the same mistakes again and again. I'd gotten older. But my personality hadn't changed, and I didn't think Han's would change. But what do you learn, one way or another? What does life teach you? How does your experience make you a more interesting person? And all the regrets you have, and all the disappointments? That was the basis of Han." Star Wars: The Force Awakens came out on December 18, 2015. It made more than $2 billion internationally, breaking the North

This is a document about Star Wars
  which were self-financed by Lucasfilm. Star Wars was released on May 25, 1977, and first subtitled Episode IV: A New Hope in the 1979 book The Art of Star Wars. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back was released on May 21, 1980, also achieving wide financial and critical success. The final film in the trilogy, Episode VI: Return of the Jedi was released on May 25, 1983. The story of the original trilogy focuses on Luke Skywalker's quest to become a Jedi, his struggle with the evil Imperial agent Darth Vader, and the struggle of the Rebel Alliance to free the galaxy from the clutches of the Galactic Empire.

Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones was released on May 16, 2002.


Question: when did earth wind and fire september come out

Answer: 1978

This is a document about September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
 Singles Chart. The song was remixed by English dance music duo Phats and Small. The information regarding accolades attributed to "September" is adapted from AcclaimedMusic.net. (*) designates lists that are unordered. September (Earth, Wind & Fire song) "September" is a song by the American funk band Earth, Wind & Fire. It was recorded during the sessions for their album "I Am" (1979) and released as a single in 1978. It was included on "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1" (1978). "September" reached number one on the US R&B chart, number eight on the US "Billboard" Hot 100,

This is a document about September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
 September (Earth, Wind & Fire song) "September" is a song by the American funk band Earth, Wind & Fire. It was recorded during the sessions for their album "I Am" (1979) and released as a single in 1978. It was included on "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1" (1978). "September" reached number one on the US R&B chart, number eight on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, and number three on the UK Singles Chart. "September" is in the key of A major with a tempo of 126 beats per minute in common time. The vocals span from

This is a document about The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1
 than any white counterpart since Glenn Miller." Love Music was sampled by Ghostface Killah on his track Good featured on his 2006 album More Fish. "September" has been sampled by Crystal Waters on her track "Say...If You Feel Alright" from her 1996 album "Crystal Waters". Credits are adapted from Allmusic and the album’s Liner Notes The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 is an album by the band Earth, Wind & Fire issued in 1978 by Columbia Records. The album rose to Nos. 3 & 6 on the Billboard

This is a document about The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1
 The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 is an album by the band Earth, Wind & Fire issued in 1978 by Columbia Records. The album rose to Nos. 3 & 6 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums and Billboard 200 charts respectively. The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1 has been certified Quintuple Platinum in the US by the RIAA. The album has also been certified Platinum in the UK by the BPI and in Canada by Music Canada respectively. Off the LP came a cut entitled

This is a document about Fantasy (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
 Fantasy (Earth, Wind & Fire song) "Fantasy" is a song written and composed by Maurice White, Verdine White, and Eddie del Barrio. It first became an international hit in 1977 by the American group Earth, Wind & Fire. A cover version in 1990 by the Eurodance band Black Box was also a successful international hit. "Fantasy" has been covered or sampled by many artists over the years. "Fantasy" was first recorded by Earth, Wind & Fire for their studio album "All 'n All", and was released as a single in 1978. The song took a period of three months to

This is a document about Reasons (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
 Over twenty years later, one album guide described it as one of the group's seminal hits. Among the albums that include the song are "Gratitude" (1975), "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1" (1978), "The Eternal Dance" (1992), "Greatest Hits Live" (1996), "" (1998), "The Ultimate Collection" (1999), "The Essential Earth, Wind & Fire" (2002), and "" (2002). The version on the 1975 studio album "That's the Way of the World" was 4:59, while the version on the 1975 "Gratitude" album was 8:23. Most early albums use one of these two lengths, but later career live albums have

This is a document about September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
  "September" is a song by the American band Earth, Wind & Fire released as a single in 1978 on ARC/Columbia Records. Initially included as a track for The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1, "September" was very successful commercially and reached No.1 on the US Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart, No.8 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and No.3 on the UK Singles Chart. The song remains a staple of the band's body of work and has been sampled, covered, remixed, and re-recorded numerous times. It was added to the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" in 2018.

This is a document about Conro
 Earth, Wind & Fire – "September" 2018

This is a document about September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
  "September" has been one of the biggest commercial and critical successes of Earth, Wind & Fire's career. The song was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry and certified gold in the US (until the RIAA lowered the sales levels for certified singles in 1989, a Gold single equaled 1million units sold.) "September" was later certified Gold for digital sales by the RIAA, and has sold over 2 million digital copies in the US as of September 2017. Earth, Wind & Fire recorded a new version of the song, retitled "December", for their 2014 Christmas album Holiday.

This is a document about September (Earth, Wind & Fire song)
  "September" is in the key of A major with a tempo of 126beats per minute in common time. The vocals span from A to E5. Using a chord progression written by Earth, Wind & Fire guitarist Al McKay, vocalist Maurice White and songwriter Allee Willis wrote the song over one month. Willis was initially bothered by the gibberish "ba-dee-ya" lyric White used through the song, and begged him to rewrite it: "I just said, 'What the fuck does 'ba-dee-ya' mean?' And he essentially said, 'Who the fuck cares?' I learned my greatest lesson ever in songwriting from him, which was never let the lyric get in the way of the groove." The song was included on the band's first compilation—The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1—solely to boost sales with original content. Although several theories about the significance of the date have been suggested, the songwriter Maurice White claimed he simply chose the 21st due to how it sounded when sung. His wife, Marilyn White, however, claimed that September21 was the due date of their son, Kahbran, according to lyricist Allee Willis.

This is a document about Last Days and Time
  Last Days and Time is the third studio album by American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released in October 1972 on Columbia Records. The album rose to No. 15 on the US Billboard Top Soul Albums chart and No. 9 on the UK Blues & Soul Top British Soul Albums chart.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Earth, Wind, & Fire
  This page includes the achievements, nominations and awards of the band Earth, Wind, & Fire. Earth, Wind & Fire is an American R&B band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1969 and led by founder Maurice White. Also known as EWF or the Elements of the Universe, the band has won seven Grammy Awards and four American Music Awards. They have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame. They have sold over 90 million albums worldwide earning them a place on the list of best-selling music artists where they are ranked as the seventh best selling American band of all time.

This is a document about 2011 Soul Train Music Awards
 Earth Wind & Fire

This is a document about Dancing in September
 "Dancing in September" is an alternate name for "September", a single by Earth, Wind & Fire.  Dancing in September is a 2000 HBO television film starring Isaiah Washington and Nicole Ari Parker.

This is a document about September 21
 In the popular 1978 song "September" by Earth, Wind & Fire, the date is mentioned in the lyric "Do you remember the 21st night of September?" Reference to this date has gained popularity due to the song's spread as an internet meme.

This is a document about Earth, Wind & Fire
  Earth, Wind & Fire (EW&F or EWF) is an American band that has spanned the musical genres of R&B, soul, funk, jazz, disco, pop, dance, Latin, and Afro pop. They have been described as one of the most innovative and are among the most commercially successful acts of all time. With sales of over 90 million records, they are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time. The band was founded in Chicago by Maurice White in 1969, having grown out of a previous band known as the Salty Peppers. Other prominent members of EWF have included Philip Bailey, Verdine White, Ralph Johnson, Larry Dunn, Al McKay, Roland Bautista, Robert Brookins, Sonny Emory, Fred Ravel, Ronnie Laws, Sheldon Reynolds and Andrew Woolfolk. The band is known for its kalimba sound, dynamic horn section, energetic and elaborate stage shows, and the contrast between Philip Bailey's

This is a document about Now, Then & Forever
  Now, Then & Forever is the twentieth studio album by American band Earth, Wind & Fire, released on September 10, 2013, by Legacy Recordings/Sony Music. The album reached No. 11 on the US Billboard 200 and No. 6 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

This is a document about Demi Adejuyigbe
  "September" by Earth, Wind & Fire uploaded on September 21, the date mentioned in the song. In 2018 he sold T-shirts identical to the one he wears in each video, with all of the proceeds (over $17,000) going to RAINN, RAICES, and the National Center for Transgender Equality. In 2020 he used the video as a charity fundraiser, raising over $300,000 to be split between several community organizations. In 2021, he retired the series with a final video that included him dancing on the ceiling like Fred Astaire and later Lionel Richie, and included thanks from members of Earth, Wind & Fire at the end. In one day, his fundraiser raised over $800,000 for Imagine Waterworks, the West Fund, and the Sunrise Movement.

This is a document about In the Name of Love (Earth, Wind & Fire album)
  In the Name of Love is the seventeenth studio album by Earth, Wind & Fire, released in July 1997 on Rhino Records. The album reached No. 19 on the UK R&B Albums chart and No. 25 on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart.

The Earth, Wind & Fire song "September" was released as a single in 1978. It was included on their album "The Best of Earth, Wind & Fire, Vol. 1," which was released in 1978 as well.


Question: who picks the chief justice of the supreme court

Answer: the President

This is a document about Chief Justice of the United States
 Court commission contained the modified title was Melville Fuller in 1888. The associate justices' title was not altered in 1866, and remains as originally created. The chief justice, like all federal judges, is nominated by the President and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they "shall hold their Offices during good Behavior". This language means that the appointments are effectively for life, and that, once in office, justices' tenure ends only when they die, retire, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Since 1789, 15 presidents have

This is a document about Chief Justice of Kenya
 Chief Justice is named. Where the Deputy Chief Justice position is also vacant, the senior-most Associate Justice of the Supreme Court will act as the President of the Supreme Court until a Chief Justice is named. An example of this occurred in 2016, when the senior Associate Justice Mohamed Ibrahim acted as the President of the Supreme Court following the early retirement of Chief Justice Willy Mutunga who turned 69 in June 2016, and the retirement of Deputy Chief Justice Kalpana Rawal who turned 70 in January 2016. The Chief Justice performs a wide range of judicial, administrative and ceremonial

This is a document about Chief Justice of Bangladesh
 consultation with the Supreme Court and urgent matters relating thereto are dispensed with in consultation with the Chief Justice. Chief Justice of Bangladesh The Chief Justice of Bangladesh ( — ) is the chief amongst the judges of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, and also head of the whole judicial establishments, including subordinate courts. The Chief Justice is appointed by The President of Bangladesh, who sits in the Appellate Division with other judges to hear and decide cases. Chief Justice presides over full court meetings to transact business relating to the administration of the Supreme Court, and control discipline of

This is a document about Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria
 Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria The Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria are members of the Supreme Court of Nigeria headed by the Chief Justice of Nigeria. The Justices are often recommended by the National Judicial Council to the President of Nigeria, who will send the names to the Senate for confirmation. Currently, there are 16 Justices of the Supreme court of Nigeria, including the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Prior to the appointment of Justice Olukayode Ariwola and Mary Odili, the wife of Peter Odili, there were 14 Justices of the Supreme Court, including the Chief Justice

This is a document about Chief Justice of Albania
 the court. The incumbent President of the Supreme Court is Justice Xhezair Zaganjori, who was appointed to this position by the President on 24 April 2013, after a long and distinguished legal carrier, having last served as a member of the Constitutional Court of Albania. Chief Justice of Albania The Chief Justice of Albania, officially known as the President of the Supreme Court of Albania () is the most senior judge of the Supreme Court of Albania, who presides over every activity of the institution: he approves the internal regulations and the structure of the court, issues orders and directives

This is a document about Supreme Court of Zimbabwe
 Supreme Court of Zimbabwe The Supreme Court of Zimbabwe is the highest court of order and the final court of appeal in Zimbabwe. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who, like the other justices, is appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. The court consists of five members including the chief Justice. It has original jurisdiction over alleged violations of fundamental rights guaranteed in the constitution and appellate jurisdiction over other matters. The Supreme Court is separate from the High Court. The Chief Justice, Luke Malaba, is the most

This is a document about Chief justice
 of the President of South Africa. Chief justice The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand,

This is a document about Supreme Court of Kenya
 government with respect to any matter concerning County Governments. It can also determine the validity of a declaration of a state of emergency, an extension of such a declaration, or any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency. The Supreme Court is made up of seven judges: the Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the president of the Court, the Deputy Chief Justice of Kenya, who is the deputy to the Chief Justice and vice-president of the court and five other judges. The Supreme Court is properly constituted for purposes of its proceedings when it

This is a document about Supreme Court of Zimbabwe
 senior justice. He succeeded the late Justice Godfrey Chidyausiku upon his retirement in 2017. The rest of the justices, ranked in order of seniority are: Supreme Court of Zimbabwe The Supreme Court of Zimbabwe is the highest court of order and the final court of appeal in Zimbabwe. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who, like the other justices, is appointed by the President on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. The court consists of five members including the chief Justice. It has original jurisdiction over alleged violations of fundamental rights guaranteed in

This is a document about Chief Justice of Nigeria
 Chief Justice of Nigeria The Chief Justice of Nigeria or CJN is the head of the judicial arm of the government of Nigeria, and presides over the country's Supreme Court and the National Judicial Council The current Chief Justice is Walter Samuel Nkanu Onnoghen who was appointed by the President on acting capacity after the retirement of Mahmud Mohammed who attained the prescribed retirement age. The Supreme Court of Nigeria is the highest court in Nigeria aqond its deciposion thumb yet is final. The Chief Justice of Nigeria is nominated by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria upon

This is a document about Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria
 of Nigeria.<ref> Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria The Justices of the Supreme Court of Nigeria are members of the Supreme Court of Nigeria headed by the Chief Justice of Nigeria. The Justices are often recommended by the National Judicial Council to the President of Nigeria, who will send the names to the Senate for confirmation. Currently, there are 16 Justices of the Supreme court of Nigeria, including the Chief Justice of Nigeria. Prior to the appointment of Justice Olukayode Ariwola and Mary Odili, the wife of Peter Odili, there were 14 Justices of the Supreme Court, including the

This is a document about Chief Justice of Ireland
 Chief Justice of Ireland The Chief Justice of Ireland () is the president of the Supreme Court of Ireland. The current Chief Justice is Frank Clarke. Under the Constitution of Ireland, the Chief Justice also occupies certain "ex officio" positions: Under s. 2(5) of the Referendum Act 1998, the Chief Justice nominates the chairperson of the Referendum Commission. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was created under the Courts of Justice Act 1924. Before 1924 the Lord Chancellor of Ireland was the highest judicial office in Ireland. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts. When the Supreme Court

This is a document about Chief Justice of Bangladesh
 Chief Justice of Bangladesh The Chief Justice of Bangladesh ( — ) is the chief amongst the judges of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, and also head of the whole judicial establishments, including subordinate courts. The Chief Justice is appointed by The President of Bangladesh, who sits in the Appellate Division with other judges to hear and decide cases. Chief Justice presides over full court meetings to transact business relating to the administration of the Supreme Court, and control discipline of the judges and magistrates of the subordinate courts. Most rules for regulating the practice and procedure of both the

This is a document about Supreme Court of Tonga
 T$500 and/or two years' imprisonment. The Supreme Court cannot hear appeals from the Land Court. Appeals from decisions of the Supreme Court may be heard by the Court of Appeal, which is the final court of appeal for most matters. The Supreme Court is headed by the Lord Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; the court usually has one other Supreme Court justice. (The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is not the Chief Justice of Tonga—this position is held by the President of the Court of Appeal. However, in practice, the position is usually held by the same person.)

This is a document about Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)
 of sitting judges is 61. The responsibility for appointing Supreme Court justices is vested in the President of Austria, but the President can and usually does delegate this task to the minister of justice. The minister picks from a shortlist of three nominees provided by the court itself. The Supreme Court of Justice convenes in the Palace of Justice in Vienna. The Austrian judiciary is divided into general courts () and courts of public law (). The courts of public law supervise the other two branches of government. One of its limbs, the administrative court system, reviews the legality of

This is a document about Nazim Hussain Siddiqui
 be known as the Seventeenth Amendment. Ten judges of the superior courts stood retired, including Supreme Court Chief Justice Sheikh Riaz Ahmad, who was replaced by Justice Nazim Hussain Siddiqui. The president named Justice Nazim Hussain Siddiqui as the Chief Justice of Pakistan for being the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and administered oath to him at the presidential camp office in Rawalpindi. The oath-taking ceremony was also attended by the then Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali besides federal ministers, services chiefs, members of Parliament, judges of the Supreme Court and senior lawyers. Justice Siddiqui, who belongs

This is a document about Chief Justice of Kenya
 Chief Justice of Kenya The Chief Justice of Kenya is the head of the Judiciary of Kenya and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya and is an office established under Article 161 of the Kenyan Constitution. He or she is assisted by the Deputy Chief Justice who is also the Deputy President of the Supreme Court. The current Chief Justice is David Maraga. Before the enactment of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the President appointed the Chief Justice without any interview process or parliamentary approval. The Chief Justice did not enjoy security of tenure, and could be dismissed at

This is a document about Chief Justice of the Republic of Korea
 people to the judicial bench. The Chief Justice is responsible for recommending Justices to the Supreme Court of Korea to the President of South Korea. In addition, the Chief Justice designates three of the judges who sit on the Constitutional Court of Korea. The Chief Justice also appoints the judges for all of the other courts of South Korea, and these appointments are then confirmed by the Supreme Court Justices Council. The Chief Justice also holds the responsibility for most of the day-to-day operation of the judicial branch of the government of South Korea. He or she may present an

This is a document about Supreme Court of Nepal
 Supreme Court of Nepal The Supreme Court of Nepal () is the highest court in Nepal. It has appellate jurisdiction over decisions of the seven High Courts (including eleven Benches of the High Courts) and extraordinary original jurisdiction. The court consists of twenty Justices and one Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice, twenty Justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council. S/he is appointed from among the justices having at least three years as a Supreme Court justice. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the

This is a document about Supreme Court of Vanuatu
 Supreme Court of Vanuatu Supreme Court of Vanuatu is the superior court of Vanuatu and is based in Port Vila. The Court consists of the Chief Justice and three puisne judges. Appeals from the Supreme Court are heard by the Court of Appeal of Vanuatu, which is the supreme appellate court in the country. The Court of Appeal is constituted from time to time as the need arises. With the exception of the Chief Justice, all members of the judiciary are appointed by the President of Vanuatu, who acts on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, pursuant to Article

 In the United States, the President nominates the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the nomination is confirmed by the Senate.

In Kenya, the President nominates the Chief Justice, and the nomination is confirmed by the National Assembly.

In Bangladesh, the President appoints the Chief Justice.

In Albania, the President appoints the Chief Justice.


Question: microsoft office access is available in which version of office 2013

Answer: Professional Plus

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
 October 24, 2012. On November 15, 2012, 60-days trial versions of Microsoft Office 2013 Professional Plus, Project Professional 2013 and Visio Professional 2013 were made available to the public over the Internet. Microsoft has released Office 2013 for general availability on January 29, 2013. Microsoft released the service pack 1 update on February 25, 2014. Office 2013 is more cloud-based than previous versions; a domain login, Office 365 account, or Microsoft account can now be used to sync Office application settings (including recent documents) between devices, and users can also save documents directly to their OneDrive account. Microsoft Office 2013

This is a document about Microsoft Access
 Office 95, Microsoft Access 7.0 (a.k.a. "Access 95") became part of the Microsoft Office Professional Suite, joining Microsoft Excel, Word, and PowerPoint and transitioning from Access Basic to VBA. Since then, Microsoft has released new versions of Microsoft Access with each release of Microsoft Office. This includes Access 97 (version 8.0), Access 2000 (version 9.0), Access 2002 (version 10.0), Access 2003 (version 11.5), Access 2007 (version 12.0), Access 2010 (version 14.0), and Access 2013 (version 15.0). Versions 3.0 and 3.5 of Microsoft Jet database engine (used by Access 7.0 and the later-released Access 97 respectively) had a critical issue which

This is a document about WPS Office
 subscription model for a monthly charge of US$3 for some features. The free version provided basic features and supported Microsoft Office doc, xls, and ppt file formats. Premium paid versions provided full compatibility for Microsoft Office files. Officially only the paid 2014 version supported saving files in docx, xlsx, and pptx formats, but actually the free version also supported these formats (as had the 2013 free version). On June 21, 2016, WPS Office 2016 for Windows became generally available as Freemium software, with no subscription needed for basic features. WPS Office 2016 is available in Free, Premium, and Professional versions,

This is a document about WPS Office
 along with versions for Android and iOS. The free version provides basic features and supports Microsoft Office file formats. Some features, such as printing and mail-merge, can be temporarily accessed only after viewing an advertisement, which WPS Office refers to as "sponsored access". The subscription-based, paid version, called WPS Office 2016 Premium, is available for US$9.99 per 3 months, and makes all features available without viewing advertisements. A lifetime license for WPS Office 2016 Professional can be purchased for $79.99. According to an April 2017 review of WPS Office 2016 Free v10.2.0.5871 for Windows, the program opens and saves all

This is a document about Microsoft Access
 formats: There are no Access versions between 2.0 and 7.0 because the Office 95 version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capabilities, and Access 7 shows that it was compatible with Word 7. Version number 13 was skipped. Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is a database management system (DBMS) from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. Microsoft Access stores data in

This is a document about Microsoft Office
 for PC Networks 2.1 to the bundle. Microsoft Office 3.0, also called Microsoft Office 92, was released on August 30, 1992 and contained Word 2.0, Excel 4.0, PowerPoint 3.0 and Mail 3.0. It was the first version of Office also released on CD-ROM. In 1993, The Microsoft Office Professional was released, which added Microsoft Access 1.1. Microsoft Office 4.0 was released containing Word 6.0, Excel 4.0a, PowerPoint 3.0 and Mail in 1993. Word's version number jumped from 2.0 to 6.0 so that it would have the same version number as the MS-DOS and Macintosh versions (Excel and PowerPoint were already

This is a document about Microsoft Office
 95 Standard and Office 95 Professional. The standard version consisted of Word 7.0, Excel 7.0, PowerPoint 7.0, and Schedule+ 7.0. The professional edition contained all of the items in the standard version plus Microsoft Access 7.0. If the professional version was purchased in CD-ROM form, it also included Bookshelf. The logo used in Office 95 returns in Office 97, 2000 and XP. Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition also uses a similar logo. Microsoft Office 97 (Office 8.0) included hundreds of new features and improvements, such as introducing command bars, a paradigm in which menus and toolbars were made more similar

This is a document about Microsoft Office Accounting
 Microsoft Office Accounting Express was the freeware version of Accounting, made available for download and also being distributed in certain editions of Microsoft Office 2007, including "Professional", "Small Business" and "Ultimate" editions. This free version did not support local requirements outside of UK and USA. Microsoft Office Accounting has its roots in the a 2006 release called Microsoft Small Business Accounting. A new iteration was released in 2007 with the same name. In 2008, however, the name was changed to Microsoft Office Accounting and it retained that name in 2009, which was its last iteration. Microsoft Office Accounting Microsoft Office

This is a document about Microsoft Project Server
 Microsoft Project Pro 2013; and Microsoft Project Pro 2013 only connects to Project Server 2013. The Project Server 2016 release looks largely similar to the 2013 version, but Microsoft Project Server Microsoft Office Project Server is a project management server solution made by Microsoft since 2000. It uses Microsoft SharePoint as its foundation, and supports interface from either Microsoft Project (Professional edition) as a client application or by web browser connecting to its Project Web App (PWA) component. Microsoft extends the capabilities of Microsoft Project with Project Server and "Project Web App" (PWA, formerly "Project Web Access"). Microsoft Project Server

This is a document about WPS Office
 Microsoft Office document formats (doc, docx, xls, xlsx, etc.), HTML, RTF, XML, and PDF. WPS Office WPS Office (an acronym for Writer, Presentation and Spreadsheets, previously known as Kingsoft Office) is an office suite for Microsoft Windows, Linux, iOS and Android, developed by Zhuhai-based Chinese software developer Kingsoft. WPS Office is a suite of software which is made up of three primary components: WPS Writer, WPS Presentation, and WPS Spreadsheet. The personal basic version is free to use. A fully featured professional-grade version is also available for a subscription fee. WPS Office 2016 was released in 2016. The product has

This is a document about Microsoft Office Accounting
 Microsoft Office Accounting Microsoft Office Accounting (formerly Small Business Accounting) is a discontinued accounting software application from Microsoft targeted towards small businesses that had between 1 and 25 employees. The last version, Microsoft Office Accounting 2009, was available in both "Express" and "Professional" editions. It included several new features, including tax preparation add-ins, 20 new reports and a Spanish language pack. On 16 November 2009, Microsoft discontinued its distribution of the Microsoft Office Accounting product line in the US and UK. Licensees are to receive mainstream and extended product support from Microsoft or one of its partners through January 2022.

This is a document about Microsoft Office mobile apps
 hardware platform, but unlike Office Mobile for the Professional and Classic versions of Windows Mobile, creation of new documents is not an added feature. A popular workaround is to create a new blank document in a desktop version of Office, synchronize it to the device, and then edit and save on the Windows Mobile device. In June 2007, Microsoft announced a new version of the office suite, Office Mobile 2007. It became available as "Office Mobile 6.1" on September 26, 2007 as a free upgrade download to current Windows Mobile 5.0 and 6 users. However, "Office Mobile 6.1 Upgrade" is

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
  ends on April 11, 2023. Development on this version of Microsoft Office was started in 2010 and ended on October 11, 2012, when Microsoft Office 2013 was released to manufacturing. Microsoft released Office 2013 to general availability on January 29, 2013. This version includes new features such as integration support for online services (including OneDrive, Outlook.com, Skype, Yammer and Flickr), improved format support for Office Open XML (OOXML), OpenDocument (ODF) and Portable Document Format (PDF) and support for multi-touch interfaces. Microsoft Office 2013 comes in twelve different editions, including three editions for retail outlets, two editions for volume licensing channel, five subscription-based editions available

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
 Home & Student: This retail suite includes the core applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote. ; Home & Business: This retail suite includes the core applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote plus Outlook. ; Standard: This suite, only available through volume licensing channels, includes the core applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote plus Outlook and Publisher. ; Professional: This retail suite includes the core applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote plus Outlook, Publisher and Access. ; Professional Plus: This suite includes the core applications Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote plus Outlook, Publisher, Access, InfoPath and Lync. As with previous versions, Office 2013 is made available in several distinct editions aimed towards different markets. All traditional editions of Microsoft Office 2013 contain Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote and are licensed for use on one computer. Five traditional editions of Office 2013 were released:

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
  Microsoft Office 2013 (codenamed Office 15 ) is a version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. It is the successor to Microsoft Office 2010 and the predecessor to Microsoft Office 2016. Unlike with Office 2010, no OS X equivalent was released. Microsoft Office 2013 includes extended file format support, user interface updates and support for touch among its new features. Office 2013 is suitable for IA-32 and x64 systems and requires Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or a later version of either. A version of Office 2013 comes included on Windows RT devices. Mainstream support ended on April 10, 2018. Extended

This is a document about Microsoft Access
  There are no Access versions between 2.0 and 7.0 because the Office 95 version was launched with Word 7. All of the Office 95 products have OLE 2 capabilities, and Access 7 shows that it was compatible with Word 7. Version number 13 was skipped.

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
  Format, which Office 2013 can read and write. Additionally, Office 2013 provides full read, write, and edit support for ISO 32000 (PDF). New features include a new read mode in Microsoft Word, a presentation mode in Microsoft PowerPoint and improved touch and inking in all of the Office programs. Microsoft Word can also insert video and audio from online sources as well as the capability to broadcast documents on the Web. Word and PowerPoint also have bookmark-like features which sync the position of the document between different computers. The Office Web Apps suite was also updated for Office 2013, introducing additional editing features and interface changes. Other features of Office 2013 include:

This is a document about Microsoft Office 2013
  Development started in 2010 while Microsoft was finishing work on Office 14, released as Microsoft Office 2010. On January 30, 2012, Microsoft released a technical preview of Office 15, build 3612.1010, to a selected group of testers bound by non-disclosure agreements. On July 16, 2012, Microsoft held a press conference to showcase Office 2013 and to release the Consumer Preview. The Office 2013 Consumer Preview is a free, fully functional version but will expire 60 days after the final product's release. An update was issued for the Office 2013 Customer Preview suite on October 5. Office 2013 was released to manufacturing on October 11, 2012. It was made available to TechNet and MSDN subscribers on October 24, 2012. On November 15, 2012, 60-days trial versions of Microsoft Office 2013 Professional Plus, Project Professional 2013 and Visio Professional 2013 were made available to the public over the Internet. Microsoft has released Office 2013 for general availability on January 29, 2013. Microsoft released the service pack 1 update on February 25, 2014.

This is a document about Microsoft Office
  well as the broadcasting of documents on the Web were implemented. Microsoft has promised support for Office Open XML Strict starting with version 15, a format Microsoft has submitted to the ISO for interoperability with other office suites, and to aid adoption in the public sector. This version can read and write ODF 1.2 (Windows only). On October 24, 2012, Office 2013 Professional Plus was released to manufacturing and was made available to TechNet and MSDN subscribers for download. On November 15, 2012, the 60-day trial version was released for public download. Office 2013 was released to general availability on January 29, 2013. Service Pack 1 for Office 2013 was released on February 25, 2014. Some applications were completely removed from the entire suite including SharePoint Workspace, Clip Organizer, and Office Picture Manager.

Microsoft Office Access is available in Microsoft Office 2013 as part of the Microsoft Office Professional Plus suite.


Question: feast day of our lady of perpetual succour

Answer: June 27

This is a document about Our Lady of Perpetual Help
 title. The Redemptorist Congregation of priest and brothers they are the only religious order currently entrusted by the Holy See to protect and propagate a Marian religious work of art. In the Eastern Orthodox Church iconography, the image is known as the "”Virgin Theotokos of the Passion"” due to the instruments of the Passion of Jesus Christ present on the image. The feast day of the image is celebrated on June 27, with novena devotions held every Wednesday. Under Pope Pius XII's Pontificate, the image was designated as the national Patroness of the Republic of Haiti and Almoradi, Spain. In

This is a document about Rough for Theatre II
 what year it actually is. “A refers to “Our Lady of [Perpetual] Succour whose feast is June 27, the next full moon and the anticipated date of the suicide of C, for whom that succour would be appropriate.” He also makes an interesting off-the-cuff remark towards the end of the play: “Ah Morvan, you’d be the death of me if I were sufficiently alive!” We can infer from this, and from the fact that they have advance knowledge of a suicide attempt, that these auditors are really some form of cosmic being. In the 1940s there were a spate of

This is a document about Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour
  The feast day of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is on 27 June and the church celebrates its own feast day on 27 June if it falls on a Sunday, or around that date, depending on the scheduling of other events.

This is a document about Our Lady of Perpetual Help
  Our Lady of Perpetual Help (also known as Our Lady of Perpetual Succour) is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a  15th-century Byzantine icon with an alleged  Marian apparition. The icon allegedly originated from the Keras Kardiotissas Monastery and has been in Rome since 1499. Today it is permanently enshrined in the Church of Saint Alphonse of Liguori, where the official Novena to Our Mother of Perpetual Help text is prayed weekly. Pope Pius IX granted a Pontifical decree of Canonical Coronation along with its present title on 5 May 1866. The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, Cardinal Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei executed the rite of coronation on 23 June 1867. The Redemptorist Congregation of priests and brothers are the only religious order currently

This is a document about Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour
  Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is the Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary as represented in a Byzantine icon from the 15th Century. The icon has been in Rome since 1499, and is permanently enshrined in the church of Sant'Alfonso di Liguori. In the image, Mother Mary wears a dress of dark red that represents the Passion of Jesus, a blue mantle that represents her virginity, and a cloaked veil, which represents her pure modesty. She is looking towards the faithful, while pointing at her son, Jesus Christ, who seems frightened by the instruments of crucifixion while a sandal slips off his foot. The angel on the left is St Michael, who carries the lance and sponge of the crucifixion of Jesus while on the right is St Gabriel,

This is a document about Our Lady of Prompt Succor
  Our Lady of Prompt Succor (Notre Dame du Prompt Secours) is a Roman Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a wooden devotional image of the Madonna and Child enshrined in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America. The image is closely associated with Mother Saint Michel, the Superior of the New Orleans Ursulines. Pope Pius IX authorised the public devotion to the Marian title on 21 September 1851 and designated the 8th of January as its feast day of thanksgiving. Pope Leo XIII granted a Canonical Coronation to the image through Archbishop Francis Janssens on 10 November 1895. The image is also known by its connection to President Andrew Jackson who was present before the image during and after the Battle of New Orleans against the British invasion. Under this Marian title, the Virgin Mary is designated as the Principal Patroness of Louisiana and the Archdiocese of New Orleans dating from a 1928 Papal bull from the Sacred Congregation of Rites. The image is presently enshrined at the National Shrine of Our Lady of Prompt Succor while her feast day is celebrated on 8 January.

This is a document about Our Lady of Perpetual Succour High School
  Our Lady of Perpetual Succour High School, also known as OLPS High School, is a school for boys in Chembur, Mumbai, India. The school celebrates its annual feast on 27 June as the feast of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. It is one of top schools in Chembur. It has alumni across industries including the Bollywood film industry, cricket, television, music and authors.

This is a document about Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour (Prizren)
  The Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour (Katedralja Katolike e Zojës Ndihmëtare; Serbian Latin: Katedrala Gospe od Neprestane Pomoći) also known as Precinct of the Lady Helper Church and Con-cathedral of the Lady Helper. Is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Prizren, Kosovo, seat of the Albanian Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren-Pristina.

This is a document about Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour
  The Church of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour, also known as OLPS Church, is a Roman Catholic church in the Archdiocese of Singapore. It is located at Siglap Hill, Singapore, within the Siglap housing estate, near the Kembangan MRT station.

This is a document about Our Lady of Perpetual Help
  Our Lady of Perpetual Help has been venerated across many cultures and thus bears several titles in different languages, such as Mother of Perpetual Succour, Unsere Liebe Frau von der immerwährenden Hilfe, Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro, Notre-Dame du Perpétuel Secours, Mater del Perpetuo Succursu, and Ina ng Laging Saklolo.

This is a document about Our Lady of Providence
  Our Lady of Providence or Our Lady of Divine Providence is a title of Mary. Her feast day is celebrated on November 19.

This is a document about Our Lady of the Rosary
  Our Lady of the Rosary, also known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, is a Marian title. The Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, formerly known as Feast of Our Lady of Victory and Feast of the Holy Rosary is celebrated on 7 October in the General Roman Calendar. 7 October is the anniversary of the decisive victory of the combined fleet of the Holy League of 1571 over the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto.

This is a document about Refugium Peccatorum
  The traditional feast day of Our Lady, Refuge of Sinners is August 13. In Mexico, the feast day is observed on July 4. She is the patroness of California, where the (arch)dioceses there celebrate the feast on July 5.

This is a document about Our Lady of Walsingham
  Gerald O'Hara, on 15 August 1954 with a gold crown funded by her female devotees, now venerated in the Basilica of Our Lady of Walsingham. The feast day of Our Lady of Walsingham is kept on 24 September in both the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches. Anglicans, especially in the Society of Our Lady of Walsingham and at the Anglican shrine, keep an additional feast of translation on 15 October annually, the anniversary of the translation of the image from Walsingham's parish church to the shrine church in 1931. In the United States several local churches keep the translation (15 October) as the principal feast of Our Lady of Walsingham, including the Episcopal Church and the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.

This is a document about Our Lady of Perpetual Succour School
  Our Lady of Perpetual Succour School (PS) (راهبات سيدة المعونة الدائمة) is a Catholic girls' school located in Cairo, Egypt, Heliopolis region. Principal is sœur Takla Abo El-Way

This is a document about August 21
 Christian Feast Day: ; Abraham of Smolensk (Eastern Orthodox Church) ; Euprepius of Verona ; Maximilian of Antioch ; Our Lady of Knock ; Pope Pius X ; Sidonius Apollinaris ; August 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) ; Ninoy Aquino Day (Philippines) ; Youth Day (Morocco)

This is a document about St. Michael's Church, Mumbai
  during his visit to Europe. Fr. Fernandes brought with him a picture touched to the original icon at Rome. On 8 September 1948 – the Birthday of Mary, concurrent with a Wednesday that year, Fr. Fernandes as the vicar held the first Novena services. Initially, only two services were held every Wednesday, but today from 8:30 am to 10:30 pm, the thirteen services are held in various languages: English, Konkani, Marathi, Tamil and Hindi. In 2014, A painting of the Our Lady of Perpetual Succor was gifted to St. Michaels by the Vatican. The painting is an authentic hand painted version of the original icon in Rome.

This is a document about Feast of Our Lady of Ransom
   The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom / Our Lady of Vallarpadam (Nuestra Señora de la Merced) is a Roman Catholic liturgical Marian feast. In the General Roman Calendar of 1960, it was celebrated on 24 September, commemorating the foundation of the Mercedarians. After Vatican II, the name for the Marian commemoration on September 24 was changed to "Our Lady of Mercy". The Feast of Our Lady of Ransom is no longer included in the General Roman calendar, but continues to be celebrated hugely in certain places like Vallarpadam and in the Order of the Mercedarians.

This is a document about Basilica of Our Lady of Snows, Pallippuram
  The annual feast of Our Lady of Snow is celebrated on 5 August every year. The feast starts on the evening of 30 July. The eight-day feast is celebrated on 15 August, the Assumption of Our Lady and the independence day of India.

The feast day of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour is on June 27.


Question: according to the proverb what is the mother of invention

Answer: Necessity

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
 of futile dodges" is much nearer to the truth." Necessity is the mother of invention "Necessity is the mother of invention" is an English-language proverb. It means, roughly, that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need. "When the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it." The author of this proverb is unknown. This phrase was familiar in England, but in Latin, not in English. In 1519, the headmaster of Winchester and Eton, William Horman, used the Latin phrase "Mater artium necessitas" in his book "Vulgaria". In 1545

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
 Necessity is the mother of invention "Necessity is the mother of invention" is an English-language proverb. It means, roughly, that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need. "When the need for something becomes imperative, you are forced to find ways of getting or achieving it." The author of this proverb is unknown. This phrase was familiar in England, but in Latin, not in English. In 1519, the headmaster of Winchester and Eton, William Horman, used the Latin phrase "Mater artium necessitas" in his book "Vulgaria". In 1545 Roger Ascham used a close English version, "Necessitie, the

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
 our invention." Jowett's translation is noted for injecting flowery, if not florid, language familiar to his Victorian era audience. Jowett himself, in "Plato's Republic: The Greek Text", Vol. III "Notes", 1894, p. 82, gives a literal translation of Plato as "our need will be the real creator," without the proverbial flourish. In an address to the Mathematical Association of England on the importance of education in 1917, Alfred North Whitehead argued that ""the basis of invention is science, and science is almost wholly the outgrowth of pleasurable intellectual curiosity."" and in contrast to the old proverb ""Necessity is the mother

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
 inuentour of all goodnesse", in his book "Toxophilus". In 1608, George Chapman, in his two-part play "The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron", used a very similar phrase: "The great Mother, Of all productions (graue Necessity)". But, the earliest actual usage of the proverb "Necessity is the mother of invention" is sometimes ascribed to Richard Franck, who used it in his book "Northern Memoirs", calculated for the meridian of Scotland (1658). Commonly misattributed due to Benjamin Jowett's popular idiomatic translation (1871) of "Plato's Republic", Book II, 369c as "The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of

This is a document about William Horman
 Erasmus. The "Vulgaria" draws from a variety of sources, for example including the saying "It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed" derived from the Old English "Durham Proverbs". Another example of a proverb to be translated is "Somtyme of a myshappe cometh a good turne". The proverb "necessity is the mother of invention" appears, perhaps for the first time in English, translated as "Mater artium necessitas". Other sayings included the advice not to "offereth a candell to the deuyll", to remember that "many a ragged colt proued to a good horse", "it is

This is a document about The Crow and the Pitcher
 Francis Barlow's edition the proverb 'Necessity is the mother of invention' is applied to the story while an early 20th-century retelling quotes the proverb 'Where there's a will, there's a way'. Artistic use of the fable may go back to Roman times, since one of the mosaics that has survived is thought to have the story of the crow and the pitcher as its subject. Modern equivalents have included English tiles from the 18th and 19th centuries and an American mural by Justin C. Gruelle (1889–1978), created for a Connecticut school. These and the illustrations in books of fables had

This is a document about Judiciary of the Maldives
 evolving. It may be incorrect to say that the system was a highly efficient system during this time. But then, the reason was that the Maldivian society was lacking a proper education system and an efficient social structure. Also, the fact that the population was divided between a number of islands, with each island having a group of few hundred people was a significant factor. As a proverb says, necessity is the mother of invention, and there was never a necessity for a highly complex and comprehensive judicial system to evolve. Some people may argue that the political supremacy of

This is a document about Louis Brandeis
 out of business. He argued the opposite was often true, that monopolistic enterprises became "less innovative" because, he wrote, their "secure positions freed them from the necessity which has always been the mother of invention." He explained that there was no way an executive could learn all the details of running a huge and unwieldy company. "There is a limit to what one man can do well," he wrote. Brandeis was aware of economies of scale and the initially lower prices offered by growing companies, but he noted that once a large company drove out its competition, "the quality of

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
  "Necessity is the mother of invention" is a well-known proverb. It means, roughly, that the primary driving force for most new inventions is a need.

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
  The author of this proverb is unknown. One of the earliest recorded instances is in one of Aesop’s Fables, “The Crow and the Pitcher” from the mid 6th century BCE. Plato's Republic says "our need will be the real creator", which Jowett's 1894 translation rendered loosely as "The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of our invention." The connection of mother and necessity is documented in Latin and in English in the 16th century: William Horman quoted the Latin phrase Mater artium necessitas ("The mother of invention is necessity") in 1519; Roger Ascham said "Necessitie, the inventour of all goodnesse" in 1545. In 1608, George Chapman, in his two-part play The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron, used a very similar phrase: "The great Mother / Of all productions, grave Necessity." And the exact phrase is used by Richard Franck in 1658. The phrase was also used in medieval French. It is found in a collection of proverbs dating to 1485-1490, and is included with another saying, "Hunger makes people resourceful," and an illustration of one man eating a carrot and another man eating grass.

This is a document about Necessity is the mother of invention
 In 1964 Frank Zappa took over leadership of the American rock band The Soul Giants. He renamed the band The Mothers, referring to the jazz compliment of mother for a great musician. However, their record company, Verve Records, objected to the insinuation (i.e., "motherfuckers") and by necessity Zappa had to change the name, creating (and defining) The Mothers of Invention. ; Danish economist Ester Boserup believed "necessity is the mother of invention" and this was a major point in her book The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure.

This is a document about Ester Boserup
  book is that "necessity is the mother of invention". Her other major work, Woman's Role in Economic Development, explored the allocation of tasks between men and women, and inaugurated decades of subsequent work connecting issues of gender to those of economic development, pointing out that many economic burdens fell disproportionately on women. In an early review, her book was called "pioneering;" nearly five decades later, it has proved influential, having been cited by thousands of other works. It was her great belief that humanity would always find a way and was quoted in saying "The power of ingenuity would always outmatch that of demand". She also influenced the debate on women in the workforce

This is a document about Beulah Louise Henry
  "If necessity is the mother of invention, then resourcefulness is the father" "I invent because I cannot help it - new things just thrust themselves on me"

This is a document about William Horman
  In this, it followed the principles laid out by Erasmus. The Vulgaria draws from a variety of sources, for example including the saying "It does no good for all truth to be told nor all wrong imputed" derived from the Old English Durham Proverbs. Another example of a proverb to be translated is "Somtyme of a myshappe cometh a good turne". The proverb "necessity is the mother of invention" appears, perhaps for the first time in English, translated as "Mater artium necessitas". Other sayings included the advice not to "offereth a candell to the deuyll", to remember that "many a ragged colt proued to a good horse", "it is better a chylde unborne than untaught", "manners maketh

This is a document about Lemuel (biblical king)
  of Proverbs – something that was the norm in wisdom literature of the ancient world. Solomon had numerous wives and concubines. Solomon's mother was Bathsheba, which may mean she is the author of the "inspired utterance" of this section of Proverbs. Many commentators typically divide Chapter 31 of Proverbs into two distinct, unrelated sections. Verses 1–9 are directly directed to King Lemuel while Proverbs 31:10–28 describe the virtuous (noble) woman. Some modern scholars understand "מַ֝שָּׂ֗א" (masa or massa), as a proper noun and not a word meaning "vision", and render the first passage thus: "The words of Lemuel, King of Masa (Assyria)".

This is a document about Mothers of Invention (podcast)
  Mothers of Invention is a podcast hosted by former President of Ireland Mary Robinson, and comedian Maeve Higgins. It is produced by Doc Society. The podcast debuted on 23 July 2018 and has so far run for three seasons. The podcast focuses on the intersection between climate change and feminism, exploring the idea that climate change is a man-made problem with a feminist solution.

This is a document about Mother goddess
  been sometimes explained as depictions of an Earth Goddess similar to Gaia. In the Baha'i Faith, Baha'u'llah uses the Mother as an attribute of God: "And when He Who is well-grounded in all knowledge, He Who is the Mother, the Soul, the Secret, and the Essence thereof, revealeth that which is the least contrary to their desire, they bitterly oppose Him and shamelessly deny Him.". Baha'u'llah further writes that "Every single letter proceeding out of the mouth of God is indeed a Mother Letter, and every word uttered by Him Who is the Well Spring of Divine Revelation is a Mother Word, and His Tablet a Mother Tablet."

This is a document about James Bidgood (filmmaker)
  the mother of invention for Bidgood, who created elaborate photographic tableaux in his small midtown Manhattan studio apartment. His first erotic series was an underwater epic called Water Colors, made in the early 1960s, in which he used a dancer from Club 82 named Jay Garvin as his subject. The underwater atmosphere is completely fabricated; the bottom of the ocean was created with silver lame spread across the floor of Bidgood's apartment; he made the arch of a cave out of waxed paper, and fashioned red lame into the shape of lobster. He coated Garvin with mineral oil and pasted glitter and sequins to his skin so the

This is a document about List of Edens Zero characters
  Mother (マザー) is the creator of the universe, worshiped by space explorers as the goddess of the cosmos. She appears as a gargantuan woman described as being larger than any planet, and is capable of granting any wish to those who find her, causing them to be "born again". Because she exists in the hazardous outer regions of space, she is regarded as a mythical figure within the Sakura Cosmos. Shiki makes it his objective in the series to prove her existence when he is disbelieved for his familiarity with her, later reaffirming his goal as fulfilling Ziggy's dream of finding her.

According to the proverb, necessity is the mother of invention.


Question: formation of the ina was the result of the great efforts made by

Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose

This is a document about Indian National Army
 Indian National Army The Indian National Army (INA; "Azad Hind Fauj"; "lit.": Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule. It formed an alliance with the Empire of Japan in the latter's campaign in the Southeast Asian theatre of WWII. The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore. This first INA collapsed and was disbanded in December that year

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
 who aligned themselves with the INA were often well fed and given simpler, less taxing duties to perform. They were given great amounts of freedom in these camps (termed as volunteer camps) and were entitled to various forms of entertainment such as “patriotic theatrical and song nights that were also used as instruments to get POWs to join the INA”. In a blatant violation of the conditions set by Mohan Singh prior to the formation of the INA, which would later serve as a source of conflict between Singh and the Japanese forces, the POWs who chose to not join

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
 employed various torturous measures in order to coerce the POWs to join the INA. Scholars have generally agreed that both Mohan Singh and Subhas Chandra Bose were influential figures. However, earlier scholars, who were writing at a time when the Indian government had begun to portray Bose as a nationalistic hero, tended to accord much of the success of the INA to Bose. However, scholars from newer non-nationalistic historical traditions, supported by access to newer historical sources, argue that both Singh and Bose were major players in the formation and maintenance of the INA. Captain Mohan Singh was a soldier

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
 no other form of punishment. He eventually pursued a career as a politician. After the capture of Mohan Singh, the Japanese forces enlisted the help of Subhas Chandra Bose to revive and lead the INA. Bose was already very well known amongst the Indian Diaspora communities for his efforts to fight for India's independence and his disagreements with Gandhi's ideologies about fighting for independence. As such, Bose was able to rally the INA forces together . He was also able to convince many of the Indian civilians to contribute to the cause of the INA. Bose also encouraged women to

This is a document about Raja Habib ur Rahman Khan
 important senior officers from among the Indian prisoners of war attended the Bidadari Conference called by Captain Mohan Singh at Bidadari Camp in Singapore on 24 April 1942. The resolutions of this Conference, came to be known as the Bidadari Resolutions, formed the backbone of formation of INA. As resolved at the Tokyo Conference, a representative conference of the Indians who lived in East Asian countries was held at Bangkok on 15 June 1942, which continued for 10 days. Thirty INA volunteers nominated by Mohan Singh among the Indian prisoners of war attended it. A resolution was passed at this

This is a document about First Indian National Army
 the formation of an all-Indian IIL was proclaimed at Bangkok. In June 1942, a second conference was held in Bangkok with Rash Behari as chair. This conference saw the adoption of a resolution declaring the INA sub-ordinate to the League. K.P.K Menon, Nedyam Raghavan were civilian members among the civilian members of the council while Mohan Singh and an officer by the name of Gilani were to be the INA's members. The Bangkok resolution further reaffirmed the Bidadary resolution that the INA was only to go to war when the Congress and the Indian population wished it to. On the

This is a document about Indian National Army
 of about 40,000 soldiers. Unlike Mohan Singh, whose assumption of the rank of general had generated opposition, Bose refused to take a rank. Both the soldiers of the INA and civilians addressed Bose as "Netaji" ("Dear leader"), a term first used in Berlin by members of the Free India Legion. In October 1943, Bose proclaimed the formation of the "Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind", or the Provisional Government of Free India (also known as "Azad Hind" or Free India). The INA was declared to be the army of "Azad Hind". On 23 October 1943, "Azad Hind" declared war against Britain and the

This is a document about Battles and operations of the Indian National Army
 at Singapore. In February 1942, the Indian prisoners of war from the British Indian Army captured there came under the influence of Indian nationalists, notably Mohan Singh Deb, and a large number volunteered to form the Indian National Army with support from Japan and had the stated aim of overthrowing The Raj from India. Of the formation of this army however, the British intelligence was unaware of until around July 1942, and even then was unclear on the scale, purpose and organisation of the INA. Intelligence summaries initially did not believe the INA to be a substantial force or have

This is a document about History of India
 form a military alliance with Germany or Japan to gain independence. The Germans assisted Bose in the formation of the Indian Legion; however, it was Japan that helped him revamp the Indian National Army (INA), after the First Indian National Army under Mohan Singh was dissolved. The INA fought under Japanese direction, mostly in Burma. Bose also headed the Provisional Government of Free India (or Azad Hind), a government-in-exile based in Singapore. The government of Azad Hind had its own currency, court, and civil code; and in the eyes of some Indians its existence gave a greater legitimacy to the

This is a document about INA treasure controversy
 INA treasure controversy The INA treasure controversy relates to alleged misappropriation by men of "Azad Hind" of the "Azad Hind" fortune recovered from belongings of Subhas Chandra Bose in his last known journey. The treasure, a considerable amount of gold ornaments and gems, is said to have been recovered from Bose's belongings following the fatal plane crash in Formosa (present-day Taiwan) that reportedly killed him, and taken to men of "Azad Hind" then living in Japan. The Indian government was made aware of a number of these individuals allegedly using part of the recovered treasure for personal use. However, despite

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
  The circumstances leading up to the formation of the INA have been contested. While some scholars have gone down the nationalistic road, newer scholars have instead challenged these claims and with the aid of new sources been able to shed a different light on the same event. Early accounts trace the founding of the INA to the spontaneous uprising of nationalism among Indian troops in Malaya. More recent accounts, however, suggest the Japanese played a central role in its formation and development. Plans by the Japanese forces to influence the British-Indian soldiers in Singapore and Malaya had begun as early September 1941. Major Iwaichi Fujiwara was the

This is a document about India–Japan relations
  Subhas Chandra Bose, who led the Azad Hind, a nationalist movement which aimed to end British rule in India through military means, used Japanese sponsorship to form the Azad Hind Fauj or Indian National Army (INA). The INA was composed mainly of former prisoners of war from the Indian Army who had been captured by the Japanese after the fall of Singapore. They joined primarily because of the very harsh, often fatal conditions in Japanese POW camps. The INA also recruited volunteers from Indian expatriates in Southeast Asia. Bose was eager for the INA to participate in any invasion of India and persuaded several Japanese

This is a document about Rash Behari Bose
  the Malaya and Burma fronts were encouraged to join the Indian Independence League and become the soldiers of the Indian National Army (INA), formed on 1 September 1942 as the military wing of Rash Behari Bose's Indian National League. He selected the flag for the Azad Hind movement and handed over the flag to Subhas Chandra Bose. But although he handed over the power, his organizational structure remained, and it was on the organizational spadework of Rash Behari Bose. Rash Behari Bose built the Indian National Army (also called 'Azad Hind Fauj'). Prior to his death caused by tuberculosis, the Japanese Government honoured him with the Order of the Rising Sun (2nd grade).

This is a document about Former Indian National Army Monument
  was recaptured by the British. The construction of the monument was proposed by Bose, the co-founder of the INA and Head of State of the Provisional Government of Free India. The INA was backed by the Japanese forces for its goal of gaining India's independence from Britain. "The future generations of Indians who will be born, not as slaves but as free men, because of your colossal sacrifice, will bless your names and proudly proclaim to the world that you, their forbears, fought and suffered reverses in the battle of Manipur, Assam and Burma. But through temporary failure you paved the way to ultimate success and glory."

This is a document about History of Singaporean Indians
  by Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, the organisation was active in Singapore and Malaya following Japan's successful Malayan Campaign in the Second World War. The Indian National Army (INA) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in South east Asia, also during World War II. Their aim was to overthrow the British Raj in colonial India, with Japanese assistance. Many Indian soldiers and civilians were recruited in Singapore and Malaya to join the INA during the Japanese occupation. Many of them died fighting alongside the Japanese against the British in Burma during the war.

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
  The Indian National Army (INA) was an Indian military wing in Southeast Asia during the World War II, particularly active in Singapore, that was officially formed in April 1942 and disbanded in August 1945. It was formed with the help of the Japanese forces and was made up of roughly about 45 000 Indian prisoner of war (POWs) of British Indian Army, who were captured after the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942. It was initially formed by Rash Behari Bose who headed it till April 1942 before handing the lead of INA over to Subhas Chandra Bose in 1943. INA was involved in various military operations fighting alongside the Japanese forces and against the British and

This is a document about Tamil Nadu
  The famine led to the migration of many Tamil peasants as bonded labourers for the British to countries like Malaysia and Mauritius, which eventually formed the present Tamil diaspora. Tamil Nadu provided a significant number of freedom fighters to the Independence struggle such as V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Bharatiyar. The Tamils (particularly Tamil Malaysians) formed a significant percentage of the members of the Indian National Army (INA), founded by Subhas Chandra Bose to fight the British colonial rule in India. Lakshmi Sahgal from Tamil Nadu was a prominent leader in the INA's Rani of Jhansi Regiment. In 1916 Dr. T.M. Nair and Rao Bahadur Thygaraya Chetty

This is a document about Indian National Army
  The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj ; lit.: Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian collaborationists and Imperial Japan on 1 September 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule. It fought alongside Japanese soldiers in the latter's campaign in the Southeast Asian theatre of WWII. The army was first formed in 1942 under Rash Behari Bose, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore. This first INA collapsed and was disbanded in December that year after differences between the INA leadership and the Japanese military

This is a document about History of Tamil Nadu
  Tamil extolling the revolutionary cause. He also published the journal India from Pondicherry. Both Aurobindo and Bharathi were associated with other Tamil revolutionaries like V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. Tamils formed a significant percentage of the members of the Indian National Army (INA), founded by Subhas Chandra Bose to fight the British occupation in India. Lakshmi Sahgal from Tamil Nadu was a prominent leader in the INA's Rani of Jhansi Regiment. In 1916 Dr. T. M. Nair and Rao Bahadur Thygaraya Chetty released the Non-Brahmin Manifesto sowing the seeds for the Dravidian movements. During the 1920s, two movements focused mainly on regional politics began in Tamil Nadu. One was the Justice Party,

This is a document about Indian National Army in Singapore
  Scholars have generally agreed that both Mohan Singh and Subhas Chandra Bose were influential figures. However, earlier scholars, who were writing at a time when the Indian government had begun to portray Bose as a nationalistic hero, tended to accord much of the success of the INA to Bose. However, scholars from newer non-nationalistic historical traditions, supported by access to newer historical sources, argue that both Singh and Bose were major players in the formation and maintenance of the INA.

The Indian National Army (INA) was formed as a result of the efforts made by Mohan Singh and Subhas Chandra Bose. Mohan Singh was a major figure in the INA and played a significant role in its formation. Subhas Chandra Bose, who was a prominent Indian nationalist leader, joined the INA and rallied its forces to fight for Indian independence from British rule. He was able to enlist the support of many Indian civilians and convince them to join the INA despite the risks involved. The INA was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Sout