Question: when did the first looney tunes come out

Answer: 1930

This is a document about Looney Tunes
 with four music publishers for US$28 million (equivalent to $ million in ) and were eager to promote this material for the sales of sheet music and phonograph records. Warner made a deal with Leon Schlesinger to produce cartoons for them. Schlesinger hired Rudolf Ising and Hugh Harman to produce the first series of cartoons. Schlesinger was impressed by Harman's and Ising's 1929 pilot cartoon, "Bosko, The Talk-Ink Kid". The first "Looney Tunes" short was "Sinkin' in the Bathtub" starring Bosko, which was released in 1930. When Harman and Ising left Warner Bros. in 1933 over a budget dispute with

This is a document about Looney Tunes
 the releases of the "Essential Bugs Bunny" and "Essential Daffy Duck" DVDs. In 2011, the shorts were released on Blu-ray Disc for the first time with the "Looney Tunes Platinum Collection" series. On September 19, 2017, Warner Home Video's Warner Archive Collection released the five-disc "Porky Pig 101" DVD-set. When the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" began in 1930, although Warner Bros. retained the rights to the cartoons and the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" brandnames. Harman and Ising retained the rights to the Bosko characters when they left in 1933, leaving their former producer Leon Schlesinger to start his

This is a document about Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–39)
 Starting this year, the "Looney Tunes" series adopts "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" theme song starting with "Rover's Rival". Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–39) This is a listing of all the animated shorts released by Warner Bros. under the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" banners between 1930 and 1939, plus the 1929 pilot film which was used to sell the "Looney Tunes" series to Leon Schlesinger and Warner Bros. A total of 270 shorts were released during the 1930s. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons were each assigned identification numbers that would appear directly on title cards shown at

This is a document about Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–39)
 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–39) This is a listing of all the animated shorts released by Warner Bros. under the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" banners between 1930 and 1939, plus the 1929 pilot film which was used to sell the "Looney Tunes" series to Leon Schlesinger and Warner Bros. A total of 270 shorts were released during the 1930s. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons were each assigned identification numbers that would appear directly on title cards shown at the beginning of each short. These numbers included cartoon studio production numbers, Vitaphone release numbers, Blue Ribbon re-release

This is a document about Looney Tunes
  Looney Tunes is an American animated comedy short film series produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969, along with an accompanying series, Merrie Melodies, during the golden age of American animation. The two series introduced Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Wile E. Coyote, the Road Runner, Tweety, Sylvester, Granny, Yosemite Sam, the Tasmanian Devil, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Foghorn Leghorn, Speedy Gonzales and many other cartoon characters. Looney Tunes (and Merrie Melodies) were initially produced by Leon Schlesinger and animators Hugh Harman and Rudolph Ising from 1930 to 1933. Schlesinger assumed full production from 1933

This is a document about History of LGBT characters in animation
  On July 27, 1940, Bugs Bunny premiered in the Warner Brothers Cartoon, A Wild Hare. Bugs Bunny would later be described as the "first animated drag queen" due to the character's propensity to cross-dress in women's clothing in at least 40 cartoons. The creators thought the cross-dressing was "funny," with the cross-dressing positively received by audiences. Even so, the Hays Code was still enforced in the United States, which banned curse words, forbid interracial relationships to be depicted, and had a "puritanical view of sex," replaced by a film rating system in 1968, with many of its "arbitrary moral guidelines" persisting for decades. One scholar stated

This is a document about Timeline of the 20th century
 18 February: Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto. ; 12 March: Salt March by Mohandas Gandhi and the official start of civil disobedience in British India. ; 2 April: Haile Selassie becomes Emperor of Abyssinia. ; 19 April: Sinkin' in the Bathtub, the first Looney Tunes short, is released. ; 27 May: Construction of Chrysler Building completed. ; 13–30 July: The first FIFA World Cup is hosted in Uruguay. The champions are Uruguay. ; 4 August: King Kullen, widely regarded as the first supermarket, opens in Queens, New York City. ; 14 September: Aided by the Great Depression, the Nazi Party increases its share of the vote from 2.6% to 18.3%. ; November: First Round Table Conference between India and Great Britain, which goes until January 1931. ; 3 November: The Vargas Era begins in Brazil.

This is a document about Warner Bros. Cartoons
  Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising originated the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short subjects in 1930 and 1931, respectively. Both cartoon series were produced for Leon Schlesinger at the Harman-Ising Studio on Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California, with Warner Bros. Pictures releasing the films to theaters. The first Looney Tunes character was the Harman-Ising creation Bosko, The Talk-ink Kid. Despite the fact that Bosko was popular among theater audiences, he could never match the popularity of Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse, or even Max Fleischer's Betty Boop. In 1933, Harman and Ising parted company with Schlesinger over financial disputes, and took Bosko with them to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. As a result, Schlesinger set up his own studio on the Warner Bros. lot on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.

This is a document about Looney Tunes
  After Bugs Bunny became the breakout recurring star of Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes moved from black and white to color production in the early 1940s (Merrie Melodies having already been in color since 1934 ), the two series gradually lost their distinctions, and shorts were assigned to each series randomly. From 1942 to 1964, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were the most popular animated shorts in movie theaters. Looney Tunes has since become a worldwide media franchise, spawning several television series, feature films, comic books, music albums, video games, and amusement park rides, as well as serving as Warner Bros.'

This is a document about Donald Duck
   Donald Duck's first film appearance was in the 1934 cartoon The Wise Little Hen, which was part of the Silly Symphonies series of theatrical cartoon shorts. The film's given release date of June 9 is officially recognized by the Walt Disney Company as Donald's birthday, though historian J.B. Kaufman, consultant of The Walt Disney Family Museum, discovered in recent years that The Wise Little Hen was first shown on May 3, 1934 at the Carthay Circle Theater for a benefit program, while its official debut was on June 7 at the Radio City Music Hall. Donald's appearance in the cartoon, as created by animator Dick Lundy, is similar to

This is a document about Looney Tunes
  More popular Looney Tunes characters were created (most of which first appeared in Merrie Melodies cartoons) such as Pepé Le Pew (debuted in 1945's Odor-able Kitty), Sylvester (debuted in 1945's Life with Feathers), Yosemite Sam (debuted in 1945's Hare Trigger), Foghorn Leghorn (debuted in 1946's Walky Talky Hawky), Marvin the Martian (debuted in 1948's Haredevil Hare), Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner (debuted in 1949's Fast and Furry-ous), Granny (debuted in 1950's Canary Row), Speedy Gonzales (debuted in 1953's Cat Tails for Two), and the Tasmanian Devil (debuted in 1954's Devil May Hare).

This is a document about The Looney Tunes Show
  The Looney Tunes Show premiered in the United States on May 3, 2011 through August 31, 2014 on Cartoon Network. In Australia, the series began airing on 9Go! and Cartoon Network Australia. The Looney Tunes Show premiered in Africa on Boomerang Africa on May 17, 2011, in France on Boomerang France, in the UK on Boomerang UK and on different Boomerang feeds throughout Europe.

This is a document about Looney Tunes
  the first time in High-definition via Microsoft's Xbox Live service, including some in Spanish. From February 29 – May 18, 2008, many Looney Tunes artifacts, including original animation cels and concept drawings, were on display at the Butler Institute of American Art in Youngstown, Ohio, just off the campus of Youngstown State University, near where the Warners lived early in life. At the 2009 Cartoon Network upfront, The Looney Tunes Show was announced. After several delays, the series premiered on May 3, 2011. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the series centers on Bugs and Daffy as they leave the woods and move

This is a document about Bugs Bunny
  Bugs Bunny is an animated cartoon character, created in the late 1930s by Leon Schlesinger Productions (later Warner Bros. Cartoons) and voiced originally by Mel Blanc. Bugs is best known for his starring roles in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated short films, produced by Warner Bros. Though a similar character first appeared in the WB cartoon Porky's Hare Hunt (1938) and a few subsequent shorts, the definitive characterization of Bugs Bunny is widely credited to have debuted in director Tex Avery's Oscar-nominated film A Wild Hare (1940). Bugs is an anthropomorphic gray and white rabbit or hare who is famous for his flippant, insouciant personality. He is also characterized by a Brooklyn accent, his portrayal as a trickster, and

This is a document about Looney Tunes
  selling his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944. The Looney Tunes name was inspired by Walt Disney's musical cartoon series, Silly Symphonies. The shorts initially showcased musical compositions whose rights were held by Warner's music publishing interests through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and, after losing him, Buddy. However, the animation studio gained a higher profile after it brought in directors Tex Avery and Chuck Jones and voice actor Mel Blanc in the mid-1930s. Porky Pig and Daffy Duck became the main stars of Looney Tunes at this time, while Merrie Melodies featured one-shot cartoons and minor recurring

This is a document about The Bugs Bunny Show
  The original Bugs Bunny Show debuted on ABC prime time in the United States on October 11, 1960, airing on Tuesdays at 7:30 PM ET, under the sponsorship of General Foods (Post cereals, Tang, etc.). Newly produced linking segments were done for each episode by the Warner Bros. animation staff. Chuck Jones and Friz Freleng produced, directed, and created the storyboards for the earliest of these, with Robert McKimson later taking over the direction while Jones and Freleng continued producing and writing. The wraparounds were produced in color, although the original broadcasts of the show were in black-and-white. A total of 52 episodes were made. The show's theme song was "This Is It", written by Mack David and Jerry Livingston ("Overture/curtain, lights/this is it/the night of

This is a document about List of years in animation
  Disney Animation Studios is founded ; 1924 – Little Orphan Annie ; 1926 – The Adventures of Prince Achmed ; 1927 – Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, first appearance on Poor Papa in 1927, but was rejected by Universial Pictures. Soon after, Trolley Troubles (1927) would be Oswald's first appearance on release. ; 1928 – Mickey Mouse, first appearance on Plane Crazy and later on Steamboat Willie, the first ever synchronized cartoon with sound ; 1929 – Popeye the Sailor, Silly Symphonies ; 1930 – Looney Tunes, Betty Boop, Blondie and Dagwood, The Little King, Pluto, Warner Bros. Animation is founded ; 1931 – Merrie Melodies, Dick Tracy ; 1932 – Goofy, Bluto, Alley Oop, Flowers and Trees

This is a document about Edward Selzer
  the Looney Tunes series because of the joy the team's creations brought to so many. Although he loudly (and indelicately) declared that there was nothing funny about a skunk who spoke French, he proudly accepted the Academy Award for Animated Short Film in 1949 – for For Scent-imental Reasons, a Pepé Le Pew cartoon. One day seeing a group of animators laughing over a storyboard he stormed into the room and demanded: "What in the Hell does all of this laughter have to do with the making of animated cartoons?" Selzer retired in 1958, and John Burton became the head of Warner Bros. Cartoons.

This is a document about Bugs Bunny
  While Porky's Hare Hunt was the first Warner Bros. cartoon to feature a Bugs Bunny-like rabbit, A Wild Hare, directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is widely considered to be the first official Bugs Bunny cartoon. It is the first film where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs, both redesigned by Bob Givens, are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor, respectively; the first in which Mel Blanc uses what became Bugs' standard voice; and the first in which Bugs uses his catchphrase, "What's up, Doc?" A Wild Hare was a huge success in theaters and received an Academy Award nomination

This is a document about Ben Clopton
  to create the Looney Tunes series. Clopton took a job with Iwerks' studio until 1933, when Scheslinger refused to renew Harman and Ising's contract, started his own studio, and hired staff. Clopton was among the animators and his first film credit is on Buddy the Gob, released January 13, 1934. Clopton is credited on sixteen cartoons through 1936, when he left for the Walter Lantz studio. Clopton's name is on three cartoons released in 1937. His name appears for a final time on screen as an animator on Gulliver's Travels, released in 1939 by the Fleischer Studios. Clopton returned to California and worked at

The first Looney Tunes cartoon, "Sinkin' in the Bathtub," starring Bosko, was released in 1930.


Question: when will damon and elena get back together

Answer: in the series finale

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
 a century-long rift between the two brothers, centering around Katherine and eventually a love triangle with Elena Gilbert. After on-again/off-again relationship with both brothers, Elena chooses to be with Damon in the series finale. Ian Somerhalder was cast as Damon Salvatore at the end of March 2009, six months before the premiere of the series. The initial casting call for the character required an actor in his early- to mid-twenties to play a "darkly handsome, strong, charming, and smug vampire who can go from casual and playful to pure evil in less than a heartbeat." Somerhalder had not read the

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by The Vampire Diaries
  The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017 after airing eight seasons. Screenwriters Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec adapted the show from L. J. Smith's novel series of the same name. The series takes place in Mystic Falls, Virginia, a fictional small town haunted by supernatural beings. It centers on the love triangle between the protagonist Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) and vampire-brothers Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley) and Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder). As the narrative develops in the course of the show, the focal point shifts on the mysterious

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  the idea of the two of them living in Tribeca in their brownstone and raising kids and having a life together as humans when this is all said and done." After Stefan gives Damon the cure to vampirism, turning him into a human, and Bonnie unbreaks the spell on Elena, Damon and Elena finally reunite. They begin their life together, getting married while Elena goes to medical school and becomes a doctor. Eventually they return to Mystic Falls to grow old together, where they died together of old age. We last see them walking hand in hand in the afterlife before reuniting with their respective families.

This is a document about Sam McCall
  finally got back together again. In August 2020, Sam was let off of parole after a deal she made with Valentin, giving him the proxy of her children's ELQ shares. She and Jason were finally free to be together now, but with the impending mob war, Sam became increasing concerned about her children's safety. In November 2020, when the Floating Rib bar exploded, Sam was terrified and she was unable to cope. On December 9, 2020, Sam tells Jason her fears and says that she has to end her relationship with him after nearly 20 years. She asks him not to

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  At the beginning of season 6, Damon is still trapped in the 1994 snapshot with Bonnie, forced to relive the same day over and over again. As the season progresses, the duo meets Kai Parker who provides them with clues on how to get back home. In a truly selfless act, Bonnie manages to send Damon back while she remains in 1994 with Kai. Back home, things are not as Damon expected them to be. Elena has compelled her memories of their time together and moved on. After a few initial setbacks, Damon sets his mind to woo her back. As the season progresses, Elena falls for Damon

This is a document about Yellow Ledbetter (The Vampire Diaries)
  Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and Bonnie (Kat Graham) are back in Mystic Falls after the collapse of the Other Side. They wander around the streets, but find no one else there. At this point, they discover a newspaper and realize that they are back in 1994, the day a solar eclipse took place (May 10). Elena (Nina Dobrev), after her decision to let Alaric (Matt Davis) erase Damon from her memory, puts away everything that reminds her of him. She tells everyone her plan and asks them not to tell her anything about her relationship with Damon after Alaric has compelled her.

This is a document about The Vampire Diaries (season 8)
  The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was renewed for an eighth and final season by The CW on March 11, 2016. On July 23, 2016, The CW announced that the upcoming season would be the series' last and would consist of 16 episodes. The season premiered on October 21, 2016 and concluded on March 10, 2017.

This is a document about The Vampire Diaries (season 8)
  On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Nina Dobrev would return as Elena Gilbert in the series finale. At the end of the episode, "It's Been a Hell of a Ride" on February 24, 2017, it was revealed that Dobrev would reprise her role of Katherine Pierce as well.

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  Damon and Bonnie genuinely care about each other and have made sacrifices for each other. The clear changing point of their relationship is when in season 6, they are stuck in the Gemini prison world. After that they both show extreme love and fondness of each other. Damon gives up the chance to see Elena again because of his friendship with Bonnie (which must have been extremely hard for him, seeing as Damon has a Selfish streak. Bonnie was one of the things that kept him going while Elena was away, and one of the positive influences he had. In season 7, Damon initially detests

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  how long it takes. In a flash-forward scene, a medical student Elena is seen writing on her diary outside the Salvatore crypt in the cemetery, while a crow flies over her head as she sees Damon. The scene is a nod to the cemetery scene in the show's pilot episode of season 1 when Damon can control fog and crows. They are also revealed to be married, growing old, and finding peace together. As Elena reunites with her family in the Gilbert house, Damon reunites with Stefan in the Salvatore Boarding House with the words, "Hello, brother." This line is both his first and last words in the entire series.

This is a document about Do You Remember the First Time? (The Vampire Diaries)
  have been asking for and, now that we have it, it’s glorious." Lindsay Sperling from We Got This Covered gave a mixed review to the episode saying that this episode was the first filler one for season six. "This season of The Vampire Diaries is arguably already better than the last two combined, but there’s a limit to the amount of Elena and Damon drama that fans should have to endure. Either let them be together, or let them move on. [...] There were a few notable plot twists in [the episode] despite the overwhelming feeling that nothing really happened to move the story along."

This is a document about The Vampire Diaries
  The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, having aired 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006; the first season averaged 3.60 million viewers. It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by Arrow. The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards. In April 2015, lead actress Nina Dobrev, who played Elena Gilbert, confirmed

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  later discover that they are trapped in a 1994 Prison World. During that time, they start to bond and form a close alliance to take down Kai. Before sending Damon back home, she mentions that he is not exactly the last person she would wanna be stuck with. When Damon returns home, he does everything he can to find a way to bring Bonnie back, including a long road trip to Oregon to seek the Gemini Coven and also compelling Alaric to steal the Ascendant from Jo. They finally reunite at the Salvatore Boarding House with a hug after Sheriff Forbes's funeral. It is shown

This is a document about Elena Gilbert
  with TVLine, Elena "really believes what she feels is 100 percent genuine and real", and the couple "wants to be together and realizes that they shouldn’t, yet really wants to. So what do they do?" Stefan became heartbroken, feeling angry and betrayed, and lashed out at Damon and Elena. In the season 4 finale, an unsired Elena confirms that she is in love with Damon, and the two kiss passionately. At the end of season 6, the two plan to become human, get married, and have children together, but their dream is abruptly compromised by Kai, who puts Elena into a magical coma. Damon remains entirely devoted to Elena throughout the remaining two seasons as Elena sleeps peacefully. In the season 8 finale, she is revealed to be happily married to Damon.

This is a document about Jason Morgan and Sam McCall
  him he accepted that his memories did not belong to him but his brother Jason. On December 29, 2017, Jason and Sam kiss on New Year's Eve, but at the start of 2018, she tells Jason that she loves Drew. In mid-January, Sam and Jason were legally divorced and she remarries Drew a short time later. Spinelli attempts to encourage Jason to win Sam back and stop her wedding to Drew, but it was too late. In early March 2018, an earthquake shakes Port Charles. In the aftermath of the earthquake, Jason saves Sam's life. The intensity of the ordeal

This is a document about Devon Hamilton
  Kristoff St. John in February 2019, the writers decide to kill off the Neil character. By the spring of 2019, Devon seems to be moving forward, both professionally and personally as he had started dating Elena Dawson (Brytni Sarpy). He even shares a happy reunion with Lily when she attends the grand opening of his new restaurant. "Seeing Lily makes the night even better for him. Despite what they went through to have her end up in prison, forgiveness has been made and the relationship is mended." Unfortunately, Devon's hopes for a new beginning are crushed when he finds Neil has passed away. Devon returns to the restaurant "visibly shaken"

This is a document about The Vampire Diaries (season 2)
  The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural drama, was officially renewed by The CW for a full 22-episode season on February 16, 2010. The first episode premiered on September 9, 2010, at 8 p.m. ET. The season picks up immediately after the events of the season one finale. All the series regulars returned. The second season focuses on the return of Elena Gilbert's (Nina Dobrev) doppelgänger, Katherine Pierce, the introduction of werewolves, the sun and moon curse, and the arrival of the original vampires. Tyler Lockwood's (Michael Trevino) uncle, Mason Lockwood (Taylor Kinney), arrives in town searching for the moonstone, a family heirloom. Tyler later learns of his family's werewolf curse. Meanwhile, Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola)

This is a document about Carla Connor
  first time Carla's felt that way with someone since Liam died. They could be a great coupling – but it would turn into a nightmare if they both fell off the wagon." Upon Carla’s return in December 2017, the pair became infatuated with each other once again and they later got back together in 2019 after he supported her through her psychotic episode. In May 2020, it was revealed that Carla has a secret that will bring conflict between the pair. Speaking about what’s to come for Carla, producer Iain MacLeod teased: "It pertains to when she went missing during her mental health crisis. We wanted to visit that

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  Faithful" he sets her "free". In an interview before the season finale, Julie Plec stated that "This year, she's had a very traumatic roller coaster of life experience and it's changed her irrevocably—and at the center of it all was the diehard belief that she loved Damon, that she loved him more than she'd ever loved anyone." In "Graduation", after the sire bond is broken and there remains no doubt about Elena's feelings, she reveals that she is in love with Damon. Damon and Elena spend the next few months together, having the summer of their lives. When Elena has to leave for college, Damon stays behind

This is a document about Damon Salvatore
  his future with Elena. At the end of season 7, he is lured into a trap by a siren, hearing Elena's voice calling out to him. When the siren takes control of Damon's mind in season 8, Damon spends a significant amount of time sleeping, seeking refuge in dreams of his memories of Elena. When Sybil erases Elena from Damon's consciousness only to insert herself into their memories, Damon fights back, instinctively drawn back to Elena. His love for her prevails, and he breaks the siren's mind control, regaining his memories of Elena. Julie Plec stated that "I think the only hope that he's holding on to

Damon and Elena get back together in the series finale of "The Vampire Diaries," which aired on March 10, 2017. However, they had reunited before that in the November 2020 issue of "People" magazine, where they were shown together after getting married and having children.


Question: where was the first ever hot air ballon created

Answer: Paris , France

This is a document about Hot air balloon
 technology. The first untethered manned hot air balloon flight was performed by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes on November 21, 1783, in Paris, France, in a balloon created by the Montgolfier brothers. The first hot-air balloon flown in the Americas was launched from the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia on January 9, 1793 by the French aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard. Hot air balloons that can be propelled through the air rather than simply drifting with the wind are known as thermal airships. Early unmanned hot air balloons were used in China. Zhuge Liang of the Shu Han

This is a document about Hot-air balloon
  flame) is made from a fire-resistant material such as Nomex. Modern balloons have been made in many shapes, such as rocket ships and the shapes of various commercial products, though the traditional shape is used for most non-commercial and many commercial applications. The hot-air balloon is the first successful human-carrying flight technology. The first untethered manned hot-air balloon flight was performed by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes on November 21, 1783, in Paris, France, in a balloon created by the Montgolfier brothers. The first hot-air balloon flown in the Americas was launched from the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia on January 9, 1793 by the French aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard. Hot-air balloons that can be propelled through the air rather than simply drifting with the wind are known as thermal airships.

This is a document about History of ballooning
   The first clearly recorded instance of a balloon carrying human passengers used hot air to generate buoyancy and was built by the brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier in Annonay, France. These brothers came from a family of paper manufacturers and had noticed ash rising in paper fires. The Montgolfier brothers gave their first public demonstration of their invention on 4 June 1783. After experimenting with unmanned balloons and flights with animals, the first tethered balloon flight with humans on board took place on 19 October 1783, with the scientist Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, the manufacture manager, Jean-Baptiste Réveillon and Giroud

This is a document about Montgolfier brothers
  Some claim that the hot air balloon was invented about 74 years earlier by the Brazilian/Portuguese priest Bartolomeu de Gusmão. A description of his invention was published in 1709(?) in Vienna, and another one was found in the Vatican in about 1917. However, this claim is not generally recognized by aviation historians outside the Portuguese-speaking community, in particular the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. On 1 December 1783, a few months after the Montgolfiers' first flight, Jacques Alexandre César Charles rose to an altitude of about 3 km near Paris in a hydrogen-filled balloon he had developed. In early 1784, the Flesselles balloon, named after the unfortunate Jacques de Flesselles, later to be an early casualty at the Bastille, gave a rough landing to its passengers. In June 1784, the Gustave (a hot air balloon christened La Gustave in honour of King Gustav III of Sweden's visit to Lyon) saw the first female aeronaut, Élisabeth Thible.

This is a document about Hot-air balloon
  Modern hot-air balloons, with an onboard heat source, were developed by Ed Yost, beginning during the 1950s; his work resulted in his first successful flight on October 22, 1960. The first modern hot-air balloon to be made in the United Kingdom (UK) was the Bristol Belle, built in 1967. Presently, hot-air balloons are used primarily for recreation.

This is a document about Hot-air balloon
  be the first pilots, but de Rozier, along with Marquis François d'Arlandes, petitioned successfully for the honor. The first military use of a hot-air balloon happened in 1794 during the battle of Fleurus, when the French used the balloon l'Entreprenant for observation. Jean-Pierre Blanchard became the first person to ever fly a hot-air balloon in various countries, including the United States, the Netherlands, and Germany. His most notable flight crossed the English Channel heading to the Dover Castle accompanied by Dr. John Jeffries, which occurred on 7 January 1785. In 1808, Blanchard fell from his balloon above The Hague and died. His wife continued his profession, but also died a decade later on a balloon, due to a firework festival causing the hydrogen in the balloon to be set on fire.

This is a document about History of ballooning
  Modern hot air balloons, with a more sophisticated onboard heat source than the Montgolfier brothers' basket of hot coals, were pioneered beginning in the 1950s by Ed Yost, who had his first successful flight on 22 October 1960. The first modern-day hot air balloon to be built in the United Kingdom (UK) was the Bristol Belle in 1967. Today, hot air balloons are used primarily for recreation, and there are some 7,500 hot air balloons operating in the United States. The first tethered balloon in modern times was made in France at Chantilly Castle in 1994 by Aérophile SA.

This is a document about Hot-air balloon
  The French brothers Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier developed a hot-air balloon in Annonay, Ardeche, France, and demonstrated it publicly on September 19, 1783, making an unmanned flight lasting 10 minutes. After experimenting with unmanned balloons and flights with animals, the first balloon flight with humans aboard, a tethered flight, performed on or around October 15, 1783, by Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier, who made at least one tethered flight from the yard of the Reveillon workshop in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine. Later that same day, Pilatre de Rozier became the second human to ascend into the air, reaching an altitude of 26 m, the length of the tether. The first free flight with human passengers was made a few weeks later, on November 21, 1783. King Louis XVI had originally decreed that condemned criminals

This is a document about Hopper balloon
  to launch large high-altitude balloons (Stratobowl and Crosby, Minnesota iron pits) were located in remote places without real airport facilities. In one instance, the second launch of Georgy Prokofiev's ill-fated USSR-3, it took two hopper balloons to untie the tangled nets on top of the giant balloon: the first jumper fell off his bench but managed to hold on to the balloon's cables and survived. The first modern hot air balloon was flown by Ed Yost under sponsorship by the U.S. Office of Naval Research on October 22, 1960, in Bruning, Nebraska. Since Yost's balloon had a small envelope of 31000 ft3 and a chair for the pilot, not a basket, this was arguably also the first hopper balloon flown since the golden age of airships in 1930s.

This is a document about Rangaku
  The first flight of a hot air balloon by the brothers Montgolfier in France in 1783, was reported less than four years later by the Dutch in Dejima, and published in the 1787 Sayings of the Dutch. In 1805, almost twenty years later, the Swiss Johann Caspar Horner and the Prussian Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff, two scientists of the Kruzenshtern mission that also brought the Russian ambassador Nikolai Rezanov to Japan, made a hot air balloon out of Japanese paper (washi) and made a demonstration of the new technology in front of about 30 Japanese delegates. Hot air balloons would mainly remain curiosities, becoming the object of experiments and popular depictions, until the development of military usages during the early Meiji period.

This is a document about Jean-Baptiste Réveillon
  making vellum paper in 1782. The following year he was granted permission to use the title of Manufacture Royale. His purchase of the paper mill and expertise in paper production brought him into contact with Etienne de Montgolfier, and it was from Réveillon's garden at Folie Titon that the first hot-air balloon was launched on 12 September 1783. Réveillon delivered a special and colourful wallpaper, used as a cover for the balloon. A second balloon, called Le Réveillon, with a rooster, a duck and a sheep was launched a week later at Versailles. On 19 October his employee André Giroud de Villette

This is a document about Early flying machines
  1709, in Lisbon, he made a small hot-air balloon of paper with a fire burning beneath it, lifting it about 4 m in front of king John V and the Portuguese court. In the mid-18th century the Montgolfier brothers began experimenting with parachutes and balloons in France. Their balloons were made of paper, and early experiments using steam as the lifting gas were short-lived due to its effect on the paper as it condensed. Mistaking smoke for a kind of steam, they began filling their balloons with hot smoky air which they called "electric smoke". Despite not fully understanding the principles at work,

This is a document about Balloon (aeronautics)
  Ed Yost redesigned the hot air balloon in the late 1950s using rip-stop nylon fabrics and high-powered propane burners to create the modern hot air balloon. His first flight of such a balloon, lasting 25 minutes and covering 3 miles (5 km), occurred on 22 October 1960 in Bruning, Nebraska. Yost's improved design for hot air balloons triggered the modern sport balloon movement. Today, hot air balloons are much more common than gas balloons. In the late 1970s the British hot air balloonist Julian Nott constructed a hot air balloon using technologies he believed would have been available to the Nazca culture of Peru some 1500 to 2000 years earlier, and demonstrated that it could fly. and again in 2003, Nott has speculated that the Nazca might have used it as a tool for designing the Nazca Lines. Nott also pioneered the use of hybrid energy, where solar power is a significant heat source, and in 1981 he crossed the English Channel.

This is a document about List of firsts in aviation
  not work. First flight across the English Channel: was made by Jean-Pierre Blanchard and John Jeffries in a balloon on January 7, 1785. First aviation disaster: Occurred in Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland, when a hot air balloon caused a fire that burned down about 100 houses on May 10, 1785. First known fatalities in an air crash: Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and Pierre Romain died when their Rozière balloon deflated and crashed near Wimereux in Pas-de-Calais, on June 15, 1785. First jump from a balloon with a parachute: Jean-Pierre Blanchard used a parachute in 1793 to escape his hot air balloon when it ruptured. First successful jump from a balloon

This is a document about Ioan Caragea
  In the summer of 1818, at the request of Caragea's daughter, Princess Ralu, a hot air balloon was flown off Dealul Spirii in Bucharest with no passenger on board. The balloon, popularly known as Caragea's Bladder (Bășica lui Caragea), was made by German craftsmen from Brasov, had approximately eight meters in diameter and utilized a barrel of alcohol placed in the nacelle as a source of heat. That was the first recorded hot air balloon launch in the Romanian Principalities.

This is a document about Spanish Air Force
   Hot air balloons have been used with military purposes in Spain as far back as 1896. In 1905, with the help of Alfredo Kindelán, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo directed the construction of the first Spanish dirigible in the Army Military Aerostatics Service, created in 1896 and located in Guadalajara. The new airship was completed successfully and, named 'España', made numerous test and exhibition flights. The Spanish Army's air arm, however, took off formally in 1909 when Colonel Pedro Vives Vich and Captain Alfredo Kindelán made an official trip to different European cities to check the potential of introducing airships and airplanes in the

This is a document about Gas balloon
  The first gas balloon made its flight in August 1783. Designed by professor Jacques Charles and Les Frères Robert, it carried no passengers or cargo. On 1 December 1783, their second hydrogen-filled balloon made a manned flight piloted by Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert. This occurred ten days after the first manned flight in a Montgolfier hot air balloon. The next project of Jacques Charles and the Robert brothers was La Caroline, an elongated steerable craft that followed Jean Baptiste Meusnier's proposals for a dirigible balloon, incorporating internal ballonnets (air cells), a rudder and a method of propulsion. On September 19, 1784 the brothers and M. Collin-Hullin flew for 6 hours 40 minutes, covering 186 km from Paris to Beuvry near Béthune. This

This is a document about Ed Yost
  hour and 35 minutes (1:35) with the aid of heat generated by a propane burner. The balloon's 40 ft-diameter envelope was sewn from heat-resistant fabric especially selected by Yost for the purpose. After further refining and improving on this designs and materials, on 13 April 1963 Yost piloted the first modern hot air balloon across the English Channel with fellow balloonist Don Piccard in a balloon later named the “Channel Champ.” They lifted off from Rye, England crossed the channel and landed at Gravelines, France. In 1976, Yost set 13 aviation world’s records for distance traveled and amount of time aloft in his attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean

This is a document about Ed Yost
  with a basket constructed of aluminum tubing and fiberglass panels was the first hot air balloon to receive an airworthiness certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration. Registration number N1960R was manufactured in May 1972 and first flown on June 11 of that year. It's balloon envelope had a capacity of 56,500 cubic feet, an empty weight of 325 pounds, and a maximum gross lifting capacity of 1400 pounds. For its entire career, the balloon was owned and operated by the Tewksbury Balloon Club, Fairmont, New Jersey. On 22 October 1960, Yost made the first-ever free flight of a modern hot-air balloon from Bruning, Nebraska. His balloon flew untethered for

The first hot air balloon was created by the Montgolfier brothers in Annonay, France, in 1783. They used hot air to lift a tethered balloon on June 4, 1783, and the first untethered hot air balloon flight took place on November 21, 1783, in Paris, France.


Question: who sings lead on for what it 's worth

Answer: Buffalo Springfield

This is a document about For What It's Worth
 "What's That Sound?" For What It's Worth "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)" (often referred to as simply "For What It's Worth") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, "Buffalo Springfield". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written.

This is a document about For What It's Worth
 For What It's Worth "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)" (often referred to as simply "For What It's Worth") is a song written by Stephen Stills. It was performed by Buffalo Springfield, recorded on December 5, 1966, and released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966. The single peaked at No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, "Buffalo Springfield". The title does not appear in the lyrics because it was added after the song was written. Although "For What

This is a document about Jefferson's Tree of Liberty
  the band consisted of Paul Kantner, Slick Aguilar, Chris Smith, Cathy Richardson, Donny Baldwin, and David Freiberg. The band made the decision that the album would be mostly acoustic, so band member Slick Aguilar did not contribute on most of the songs included. Although Donny Baldwin now handled the drums on tour, Prairie Prince returned for the studio sessions. Marty Balin was to have recorded lead vocals for a cover of Bruce Cockburn's "If I Had a Rocket Launcher" and Buffalo Springfield's "For What It's Worth" but his art touring schedule conflicted with studio sessions and he could not attend. Instead, manager Gaiman took the track "Maybe for You" that had

This is a document about For What It's Worth
  "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)" (often referred to as simply "For What It's Worth") is a song written by Stephen Stills. Performed by Buffalo Springfield, it was recorded on December 5, 1966, released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966, and peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the spring of 1967. It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, Buffalo Springfield. The title was added after the song was written, and does not appear in the lyrics.

This is a document about For What It's Worth
  1997; Neil Young did not attend the event. The song is a staple of period piece films about 1960s America, such as Forrest Gump, and often used as a common shorthand to quickly establish the atmosphere of 1960s counterculture movement and protests. The song appears in the intro to the 2005 film Lord of War, showing the lifecycle of a bullet, from manufacture to firing. On August 17, 2020, Billy Porter sang "For What It's Worth" for the 2020 Democratic National Convention backed by Stephen Stills on guitar, a nod to the song's resurgent use in the summer 2020 American protests.

This is a document about For What It's Worth (Stevie Nicks song)
  "For What It's Worth" is the second single from Stevie Nicks' 2011 album In Your Dreams. The song was released to radio on July 11, 2011 and debuted at No. 25 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart during the week of September 19, 2011.

This is a document about For What It's Worth (The Cardigans song)
  "For What It's Worth" is the first single from Swedish band the Cardigans's fifth studio album, Long Gone Before Daylight (2003). It was released on 10 March 2003, reaching number eight in the band's native Sweden, number 31 in the United Kingdom, number 37 in Ireland, and number 98 in the Netherlands. Nicky Wire, bassist of the Manic Street Preachers, thinks this song has the best lyrics.

This is a document about For What It's Worth
  of woodland animals on episode 2.21 of The Muppet Show. The third verse is rewritten by an uncredited writer to give the song an anti-hunting theme. The hip-hop group Public Enemy sampled "For What It's Worth" on their 1998 song "He Got Game," which featured Stephen Stills reprising his vocal performance from the original song. Oui 3 adapted the song for their 1993 debut single of the same name, which reached number 26 in the UK chart. In 2017, Haley Reinhart released a cover of the song as the third single from her third studio album, What's That Sound? In 2018, The Lone Bellow released a cover of the song as a single.

This is a document about 4 Way Street
  Crown of Creation album but this is the first issued performance by Crosby himself. Young's "On the Way Home" had appeared on the final Buffalo Springfield album, but with a lead vocal by Richie Furay rather than Young. Stills' "49 Bye-Byes/America's Children" medley interpolates the only top ten hit by Buffalo Springfield, his song "For What It's Worth." The band did include both sides of what was at the time of the shows their new record, the single "Ohio" and its b-side "Find the Cost of Freedom." Sides one and two featured acoustic guitars and demonstrated the band as a group of individuals also pursuing independent careers while sides three and four featured the full band playing electric

This is a document about Musicians United for Safe Energy
  alternative energy. He defeated the incumbent, Sue Kelly. In 2007, Raitt, Nash, and Browne, as part of the No Nukes group, recorded a music video of the Buffalo Springfield song "For What It's Worth". Thirty two years after the No Nukes concert in New York, on August 7, 2011, a MUSE benefit concert was held at Shoreline Amphitheater in Mountain View, CA. to raise money for MUSE and for Japanese tsunami/nuclear disaster relief. Artists included Jackson Browne, Bonnie Raitt, John Hall, Graham Nash, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, Kitaro, Jason Mraz, Sweet Honey in the Rock, the Doobie Brothers, Tom Morello, and Jonathan Wilson. The show was powered off-grid.

This is a document about For What It's Worth
  "For What It's Worth" has been covered, sampled, and referenced in numerous musical performances. Versions include those by The Staple Singers (US #66 in 1967)(CAN #46 in 1967), Art (1967 single from Supernatural Fairy Tales), Ken Lyon & Tombstone, Rush, Cher, The Candyskins, Oui 3 (UK #28), Queensrÿche (on their album Take Cover), Miriam Makeba (on her album Keep Me in Mind), Public Enemy, Ozzy Osbourne and (həd) p.e. (retitled Children). Cher's 1969 cover did not make the Billboard Hot 100; AllMusic retrospectively called her version "mature [and] forceful". Sergio Mendes and Brasil'66 recorded a version of this song. It reached #10 in the Adult Contemporary Music Chart on 09/19/1970. Singer Karen Philipp suggested

This is a document about For What It's Worth (Placebo song)
  "For What It's Worth" is the first official single from Placebo's sixth studio album, Battle for the Sun.

This is a document about Buffalo Springfield
  Buffalo Springfield was a Canadian - American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California by Canadian musicians Neil Young, Bruce Palmer and Dewey Martin and American musicians Stephen Stills and Richie Furay. The group, widely known for the song "For What It's Worth", released three albums and several singles from 1966–1968. Their music combined elements of folk music and country music with British Invasion and psychedelic rock influences. Like contemporary band the Byrds, they were key to the early development of folk rock. The band took their name from a steamroller parked outside their house. Buffalo Springfield formed in Los Angeles in 1966 with Stills (guitar, keyboards, vocals), Martin (drums, vocals), Palmer (bass guitar), Furay (guitar, vocals) and Young (guitar, harmonica, piano, vocals). The band signed to Atlantic Records in 1966 and released their debut single "Nowadays Clancy Can't

This is a document about VH1
  For What It's Worth premiered on February 21, 2013, and only lasted the length of one season. The show featured hosts Gary Dell'Abate and Jon Hein appraising music and pop-culture memorabilia. The first episode featured musician Jack White at Third Man Records in Nashville, Tennessee, discussing a format of vinyl record he invented called the "Triple Decker Record". The show also chose Gary Sohmers, an appraiser from Antiques Roadshow, to be an expert appraiser on all six episodes.

This is a document about Take Me for What I'm Worth
  losing our way," and he added: "We didn't take enough care  finishing the records off." Chris Curtis take over direction of the band previous year. He picked up (or wrote) and arranged the most songs and he also found P. J. Proby's "Take Me for What I'm Worth" which became their Top 20 hit and the title track of this album. He loved both the melody and the lyrics of the song: "It’s a very profound statement and it could have become a gay anthem," said in interview with Spencer Leigh. John McNally's songwriting would evolve over the years and flourish with interesting compositions. As a songwriter, he has contributed with two songs to the record

This is a document about For What It's Worth (novel)
  For What It’s Worth is the tenth book for children by Janet Tashjian. It is a young adult novel published by Henry Holt and Company. The title is taken from the 1967 Buffalo Springfield song of the same name. Quinn is a 14-year-old boy growing up in Laurel Canyon in 1971, the center of the Southern California music scene. He starts a band, finally gets a girlfriend, and continues to add to his record collection until he meets a draft dodger and his perfect world falls apart. Through his Ouija board, he contacts Club 27 – the spirits of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jim Morrison. The rock icons give him bad advice Quinn struggles to understand.

This is a document about Stand Atlantic
  In 2012, friends Bonnie Fraser (lead vocals/rhythm guitar) and Arthur Ng (lead guitar), joined by David Potter (bass) and Jordan Jansons (drums) formed a band under the name What It's Worth. The four-piece pop punk band began recording material, and released their debut single, "Bulletproof Vest" in December 2012. In May 2013, they released their debut demo EP, Catalyst via physical and online platforms, followed by the release of their next single, "Romeo". It was accompanied by two national tours of Australia in support of their debut EP. In early 2014, the group changed their name from What It's Worth to Stand Atlantic. The band

This is a document about Marc Carroll
  Indian released a remastered and completely revised edition of the album that duplicated only 5 songs from the original while adding 10 previously unreleased tracks, including "2541", "The Main" and "Now That You Know Me", all of which were written by former Husker Du drummer and songwriter, Grant Hart. Carroll's first show as a solo artist was with Hart in 1995. All Wrongs Reversed also featured a cover version of the Buffalo Springfield song, "For What It's Worth". The track was originally released in the US only on Five Way Street – A Tribute To Buffalo Springfield. In 2005 Evangeline released

This is a document about For What It's Worth
  Although "For What It's Worth" is often considered an anti-war song, Stephen Stills was inspired to write the song because of the Sunset Strip curfew riots in Los Angeles in November 1966—a series of early counterculture-era clashes that took place between police and young people on the Sunset Strip in Hollywood, California, beginning in mid-1966, the same year Buffalo Springfield had become the house band at the Whisky a Go Go on the Sunset Strip. Local residents and businesses had become annoyed by how crowds of young people going to clubs and music venues along the Strip had caused late-night traffic congestion. In response, they lobbied Los Angeles County to pass local ordinances stopping loitering, and enforced a strict curfew on the Strip after 10 p.m. The young music fans, however, felt the

Stephen Stills sings lead on "For What It's Worth."


Question: who plays lily in the secret life of bees

Answer: Dakota Fanning

This is a document about The Secret Life of Bees (film)
 too maudlin and sticky-sweet." Writing in "The New York Times", reviewer A. O. Scott thought the film to be "a familiar and tired fable". Roger Ebert found it "enchanting". The movie was 3 at the North American box office for its opening weekend with $10,527,799. , the film has made $47,270,658 in the United States and Canada. The movie won the awards for "Favorite Movie Drama" and "Favorite Independent Movie" at the 35th People's Choice Awards. The film received seven NAACP Image Award nominations, which include Outstanding Motion Picture, Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture (Queen Latifah, Dakota Fanning), Outstanding

This is a document about The Secret Life of Bees (novel)
 Morning America"'s "Read-This" Book club picks, and was nominated for the Orange Prize in England. The book was adapted into a film in 2008, directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood and produced by Will Smith, with Jada Pinkett Smith, as executive producer. Queen Latifah played August Boatwright; Dakota Fanning played Lily. Alicia Keys played June Boatwright; Jennifer Hudson played Rosaleen; and Sophie Okonedo played May Boatwright. The Secret Life of Bees (novel) The Secret Life of Bees is a book by author Sue Monk Kidd. Set in 1964, it is a coming-of-age story about loss and betrayal. It received critical acclaim and

This is a document about Jennifer Hudson
 feature film "Sex and the City" as Louise, Carrie Bradshaw's assistant. Filming finished in December 2007 and the movie was released on May 30, 2008. In October 2008, Hudson made her third film appearance in "The Secret Life of Bees" as Rosaleen, the mother figure of Lily Owens (Dakota Fanning). Also starring in the film are fellow Oscar nominees Queen Latifah and Sophie Okonedo, as well as Alicia Keys. The film opened on October 17, 2008, and grossed over $37 million at the box office. The film won two People's Choice Awards in January 2009 in the categories, Favorite Drama

This is a document about Bee
 Babbity Bumble and her brood "(pictured)". Kit Williams' treasure hunt book "The Bee on the Comb" (1984) uses bees and beekeeping as part of its story and puzzle. Sue Monk Kidd's "The Secret Life of Bees" (2004), and the 2009 film starring Dakota Fanning, tells the story of a girl who escapes her abusive home and finds her way to live with a family of beekeepers, the Boatwrights. The humorous 2007 animated film "Bee Movie" used Jerry Seinfeld's first script and was his first work for children; he starred as a bee named Barry B. Benson, alongside Renée Zellweger. Critics

This is a document about Tristan Wilds
 in the independent drama film "Half Nelson" alongside Academy Award nominee Ryan Gosling. Wilds appeared in such music videos as "Roc Boys", "Teenage Love Affair" and "Ghetto Mindstate", among others. In 2006, Wilds joined the cast of the HBO drama television series, "The Wire" (then into its fourth season) in a major recurring role. He portrayed Michael Lee, a smart but troubled middle school student who lives in poverty and cares for his younger brother. In 2007, he appeared alongside Queen Latifah, Alicia Keys, and Dakota Fanning in "The Secret Life of Bees", the film adaptation of the novel of

This is a document about Sophie Okonedo
 Actress for her role as Tatiana Rusesabagina in "Hotel Rwanda" (2004) and nominated for a Golden Globe Award for a Lead Actress in a Miniseries for her work in "" (2006). She played alongside Queen Latifah, Jennifer Hudson, Alicia Keys and Dakota Fanning as May Boatwright, a woman who struggles with depression, in the film "The Secret Life of Bees" (2008); opposite Sam Neill and Alice Krige as Sandra Laing in "Skin" (2009), and portrayed Winnie Mandela in the BBC drama "Mrs. Mandela" broadcast in January 2010. In May 2013, Okonedo played the role of Hunter in a BBC radio

This is a document about Dakota Fanning
  In January 2008, Fanning began filming the film adaptation of The Secret Life of Bees, a novel by Sue Monk Kidd. Set in South Carolina in 1964, the story centers on Lily Owens (Fanning), who escapes her lonely life and troubled relationship with her father by running away with her caregiver and only friend (played by Jennifer Hudson) to a South Carolina town where they are taken in by an eccentric trio of beekeeping sisters (played by Queen Latifah, Sophie Okonedo, and Alicia Keys). Her films, horror animation Coraline and science fiction thriller Push, were released on the same day, February 6, 2009. In March 2008, upon the original creation of the film adaptation Dakota and Elle

This is a document about Jennifer Hudson
   In May 2008, Hudson appeared in the feature film Sex and the City as Louise, Carrie Bradshaw's assistant. Filming finished in December 2007 and the movie was released on May 30, 2008. In October 2008, Hudson made her third film appearance in The Secret Life of Bees as Rosaleen, the mother figure of Lily Owens (Dakota Fanning). Also starring in the film are fellow Oscar nominees Queen Latifah and Sophie Okonedo, as well as Alicia Keys. The film opened on October 17, 2008, and grossed over $37 million at the box office. The film won two People's Choice Awards in January 2009 in the categories, Favorite Drama Movie

This is a document about The Secret Life of Bees (novel)
  as the executive producer. Queen Latifah played August Boatwright, Dakota Fanning played Lily, Alicia Keys played June Boatwright, Jennifer Hudson played Rosaleen, and Sophie Okonedo played May Boatwright. The book has been adapted as a musical. A workshop was produced by New York Stage and Film & Vassar in 2017. The world premiere musical adaptation of The Secret Life of Bees was held at the Off-Broadway Atlantic Theater Company on May 12, 2019 in previews, with the official opening on June 13. The musical's book is written by Lynn Nottage, with music by Duncan Sheik and lyrics by Susan Birkenhead. The musical is directed by Sam Gold and features Saycon Sengbloh as Rosaleen, Elizabeth Teeter as Lily, and LaChanze, Eisa Davis and Anastacia McCleskey as the Boatwight beekeeping sisters.

This is a document about La Cucina (film)
 Christina Hendricks as Lily ; Joaquim de Almeida as Michael ; Leisha Hailey as Shelly ; Rachel Hunter as Jude ; Kala Savage as Raven ; Oz Perkins as Chris ; Michael Cornacchia as Andy ; Clare Carey as Celia

This is a document about Just Beyond
 Izabela Vidovic as Lily ; Christine Ko as Ms. Fausse ; Jordan Sherley as Carmen ; Leela Owen as Harper ; Connor Christie as Ben

This is a document about Lily & Kat
 Jessica Rothe as Lily ; Hannah Murray as Kat ; Jack Falahee as Henri ; David Wilson Barnes as Ben ; Mimi Gianopulos as Agatha ; Scott Evans as Nick

This is a document about Lynn Nottage
  Outstanding Play, Outstanding Director (Bonney), Outstanding Lead Actor in a Play (Sahr Ngaujah), Outstanding Costume Design (Jennifer Moeller) and Outstanding Lighting Design (Lap Chi Chu). Nottage wrote the book for the world premiere musical adaptation of Sue Monk Kidd's novel The Secret Life of Bees, with music by Duncan Sheik and lyrics by Susan Birkenhead. It premieres at the Off-Broadway Atlantic Theater Company on May 12, 2019 in previews. The musical is directed by Sam Gold and features Saycon Sengbloh as Rosaleen, Elizabeth Teeter as Lily, LaChanze, Eisa Davis and Anastacia McCleskey. The musical had a workshop at the Vassar Powerhouse Theater, Martel Theatre in July 2017, directed by Sam Gold.

This is a document about Blackbird (2019 film)
 Susan Sarandon as Lily ; Kate Winslet as Jennifer ; Mia Wasikowska as Anna ; Sam Neill as Paul ; Lindsay Duncan as Liz ; Rainn Wilson as Michael ; Bex Taylor-Klaus as Chris ; Anson Boon as Jonathan

This is a document about 30th Young Artist Awards
 Abigail Breslin - Kit Kittredge: An American Girl - New Line Cinema ; Madeline Carroll - Swing Vote - Walt Disney Pictures ; Georgie Henley - The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian - Walt Disney Pictures ; Keke Palmer - The Longshots - MGM ★ Dakota Fanning - The Secret Life of Bees - Fox Searchlight

This is a document about Lily Nicksay
  Lily Nicksay (born January 8, 1988) is an American actress. She is known for originating the role of Morgan Matthews, Cory's little sister, in the first two seasons of Boy Meets World. She reprised the role for the season 3 finale of Girl Meets World.

This is a document about Lily Collins
  Lily Jane Collins (born 18 March 1989) is a British-American actress. Her debut role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains. She was named International Model of the Year by Spain's Glamour magazine after being selected by Chanel to wear one of their dresses at the Hôtel de Crillon in 2007. Collins had her breakthrough with the sports-drama film The Blind Side (2009), which was the third highest-grossing film of its year. She went on to appear in leading roles across feature films such as the sci-fi action-horror Priest (2011), the psychological action-thriller Abduction (2011), the fantasy Mirror Mirror (2012), the urban fantasy

This is a document about And Just Like That...
 Cathy Ang as Lily Goldenblatt ; Alexa Swinton as Rose Goldenblatt ; Niall Cunningham as Brady Hobbes ; Cree Cicchino as Luisa Torres ; Alexander Bello as Henry Wexley ; Ellie Reine as Gabrielle Wexley ; Tristan-Lee Edwards as Herbert Wexley Jr. ; Julie Halston as Bitsy von Muffling ; Pat Bowie as Eunice Wexley ; Bobby Lee as Jackie Nee ; Molly Price as Susan Sharon ; Bridget Moynahan as Natasha Naginsky-Mills

This is a document about Wildflower (TV series)
 Maja Salvador as Ivy P. Aguas / Lily Cruz-Torillo

This is a document about 24th Young Artist Awards
 Abigail Breslin - Signs - Buena Vista ; Emily Osment - Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams - Buena Vista ; Tianna Sansbury - Rabbit-Proof Fence - Miramax ; Sophie Vavasseur - Evelyn - MGM/UA ★ Caitlin EJ Meyer - Little Secrets - Columbia Tristar/Samuel Goldwyn

Dakota Fanning plays the role of Lily in "The Secret Life of Bees" (film).


Question: which type of information system manages a document through all the stages of its processing

Answer: business process

This is a document about Business process
 Business process A business process or business method is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks by people or equipment that in a specific sequence produces a service or product (serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur in all organizantional level and it may or may not be visible to customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits

This is a document about Enterprise content management
 Check in-check out: Checks stored information for consistency ; Version management: Keeps track of different versions of the same information, with revisions and different formats ; Search and navigation: Finds information and its associated contexts ; Organizing documents in files, folders, and overviews Document management systems control documents from creation to archiving. They include: Document management overlaps with other manage components, office applications (like Microsoft Outlook and Exchange, or Lotus Notes and Domino), and library services which administer information storage.

This is a document about Document management system
  Document management systems commonly provide storage, versioning, metadata, security, as well as indexing and retrieval capabilities. Here is a description of these components:

This is a document about Document management system
  to a point where systems could manage any type of file format that could be stored on the network. The applications grew to encompass electronic documents, collaboration tools, security, workflow, and auditing capabilities. These systems enabled an organization to capture faxes and forms, to save copies of the documents as images, and to store the image files in the repository for security and quick retrieval (retrieval made possible because the system handled the extraction of the text from the document in the process of capture, and the text-indexer function provided text-retrieval capabilities). While many EDM systems store documents in their native file format (Microsoft Word or Excel, PDF), some web-based document management systems

This is a document about Enterprise forms automation
  Modern implementation of the paperless office concept has two main focuses: creating documents and managing documents. Since major systems have already displaced paper altogether (e.g., enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management, accounting software, etc.), paper that remains in use is largely generated by processes that capture data, generate reports, and distribute communications. As software and computers have evolved, the first problem addressed has been management of existing and legacy documents through document management systems. Document management and archiving systems do offer some form automation functions. Typically, the point at which document management systems start working with a document is when the document is scanned or sent into the system. Many document management systems can read documents via optical character recognition (OCR)

This is a document about Paperless office
  and software and works seamlessly in separating and organizing important documents. Paperless software might also allow people to enable online signatures for important documents that can be used in any small business or office. Document management and archiving systems do offer some methods of automating forms. Typically, the point in which document management systems start working with a document is when the document is scanned and/or sent into the system. Many document management systems include the ability to read documents via optical character recognition and use that data within the document management system's framework. While this technology is essential to achieving a paperless office it does not address the processes that generate paper in the first place.

This is a document about Management information system
  productivity in the enterprise by automating workflow and eliminating bottlenecks. OAS may be implemented at any and all levels of management. ; School Information Management Systems (SIMS) cover school administration, often including teaching and learning materials. ; Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software facilitates the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ; Local databases, can be small, simplified tools for managers and are considered to be a primal or base level version of a MIS. The following are types of information systems used to create reports, extract data, and assist in the decision making processes of middle and operational level managers.

This is a document about Information lifecycle management
  Information lifecycle management (ILM) refers to strategies for administering storage systems on computing devices. ILM is the practice of applying certain policies to effective information management. This practice had its basis in the management of information in paper or other physical forms (microfilm, negatives, photographs, audio or video recordings and other assets). ILM includes every phase of a "record" from its beginning to its end. And while it is generally applied to information that rises to the classic definition of a record (and thus related to records management), it applies to all informational assets. During its existence, information can become a record by

This is a document about Electronic document and records management system
  Electronic document and records management is used by organizations to manage documents and records throughout the document life-cycle, from creation to destruction. Typically, systems consider a document or file to be a work-in-progress until it has undergone review, approval, lock-down, and (potentially) publication, where it will wait to be used. The version of the form that is saved containing user content will become a formal record within the organization. Once a document achieves the status of a record, the organization may apply best-practice or legally enforced retention policies which state how the second half of the record life-cycle will progress. This typically involves retention (and protection from change), until some events occur which relate to the record and which trigger the final disposition schedule to apply to the record. Eventually, typically at a set time after these events, the record undergoes destruction.

This is a document about Document management system
  A document management system (DMS) is a system used to receive, track, manage and store documents and reduce paper. Most are capable of keeping a record of the various versions created and modified by different users (history tracking). In the case of the management of digital documents such systems are based on computer programs. The term has some overlap with the concepts of content management systems. It is often viewed as a component of enterprise content management (ECM) systems and related to digital asset management, document imaging, workflow systems and records management systems.

This is a document about Knowledge management
 Groupware—Software that facilitates collaboration and sharing of organisational information. Such applications provide tools for threaded discussions, document sharing, organisation-wide uniform email, and other collaboration-related features. ; Workflow systems—Systems that allow the representation of processes associated with the creation, use and maintenance of organisational knowledge, such as the process to create and utilise forms and documents. ; Content management and document management systems—Software systems that automate the process of creating web content and/or documents. Roles such as editors, graphic designers, writers and producers can be explicitly modeled along with the tasks in the process and validation criteria. Commercial vendors started either to support documents or to support web content but as the Internet grew these functions merged and

This is a document about Digital mailroom
  A document can be an image, a file stored and compressed in a tiff, gif or jpg electronic exchange format, or an MS Office file or a PDF file (Acrobat exchange format). Content generally includes all the above combined with any data/information as well as other electronic files such as e-mails and web pages. Content Management solutions need back-end repositories or databases (e.g. Oracle or MS SQL Server) to store the files and retrieval data. During the last decade, these software solutions have benefited from the universal XML standard used to index, store and access files to and from any repository. Relative to the other systems, content management systems manage more complex administrative, access and workflow rules in relation to the number of files and file formats it needs to support.

This is a document about Enterprise content management
 Document management (DMS) ; Collaborative software ; Web content management, including web portals ; Records management ; Workflow and business process management (BPM) The manage category has five application areas: It connects the other components, which can be used in combination or separately. Document management, web content management, collaboration, workflow and business process management address the dynamic part of the information's life cycle. Records management manages finalized documents in accordance with the organization's retention period, which must comply with government mandates and industry practices. Manage components incorporate databases and access-authorization systems.

This is a document about Information system
  software, hardware, data, people, and procedures. The Association for Computing Machinery defines "Information systems specialists [as] focus[ing] on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises." There are various types of information systems, for example: transaction processing systems, decision support systems, knowledge management systems, learning management systems, database management systems, and office information systems. Critical to most information systems are information technologies, which are typically designed to enable humans to perform tasks for which the human brain is not well suited, such as: handling large amounts of information, performing complex calculations, and controlling many simultaneous processes. Information technologies are a

This is a document about Forms processing
  process documents from their scanned images into a computer readable format such as ANSI, XML, CSV, PDF or input directly into a database. Forms Processing has developed beyond basic capture of the data. Forms processing not only encompasses a recognition process but also helps manage the complete life cycle of documents which starts from scanning of the document to the extraction of the data, and often to delivery into a back-end system. In some cases it may also include processing or generating well formatted results through calculations and analysis. An automated forms processing system can be valuable if there is a need to process hundreds or thousands of images every day.

This is a document about Document management system
  Integrated document management comprises the technologies, tools, and methods used to capture, manage, store, preserve, deliver and dispose of 'documents' across an enterprise. In this context 'documents' are any of a myriad of information assets including images, office documents, graphics, and drawings as well as the new electronic objects such as Web pages, email, instant messages, and video.

This is a document about Document processing
  As the state of the art advanced, document processing transitioned to handling "document components ... as database entities." A technology called automatic document processing or sometimes intelligent document processing (ID) emerged as a specific form of Intelligent Process Automation (IPA), combining artificial intelligence such as Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NAP) or Intelligent Character Recognition (ICE) to extract data from several types documents.

This is a document about Document management system
  beginning to store content in the form of HTML. These HTML-based document management systems can act as publishing systems or policy management systems. Content is captured either by using browser based editors or the importing and conversion of not HTML content. Storing documents as HTML enables a simpler full-text workflow as most search engines deal with HTML natively. DMS without an HTML storage format are required to extract the text from the proprietary format making the full text search workflow slightly more complicated. Search capabilities including boolean queries, cluster analysis, and stemming have become critical components of DMS as users have grown use to internet searching and spend less time organizing their content.

This is a document about Daisy (software)
 revision control ; centralized ACL system ; Jakarta Lucene based full-text indexing ; book publishing which allows for the generation of nicely formatted books with table of contents, section numbering, cross-referencing, footnotes and index ; faceted browsing ; The Daisy 2.0 version added JBoss jBPM-based workflow The content is stored in so-called Daisy documents. These documents are managed by the Daisy Repository Server. Documents consist of parts. Parts can be anything from required blocks of text to specified fields with restricted content. By creating specific document types, different types of information can be handled differently. Simple documents just hold text and hyperlinks. By

This is a document about Document engineering
  Document engineering is the discipline that addresses the effective design, implementation, and use of information expressed in documents of all kinds. In part, it comprises document-centric synthesis of complementary ideas from information and systems analysis, electronic publishing, business process analysis, and business informatics to ensure that the documents and processes make sense to the people and applications that need them. The Association for Computing Machinery holds annual conferences on Document Engineering for many years. An important book in this area was published in 2008 by Robert J. Glushko and Tim McGrath, which attempts to unify these different analysis and modeling

A document management system (DMS) manages a document through all the stages of its processing, from creation to archiving.


Question: it refers to a substance that speeds up chemical reactions

Answer: catalyst

This is a document about Chemical reaction
 speed up the reaction – chemicals that slow down the reaction are called inhibitors. Substances that increase the activity of catalysts are called promoters, and substances that deactivate catalysts are called catalytic poisons. With a catalyst, a reaction which is kinetically inhibited by a high activation energy can take place in circumvention of this activation energy. Heterogeneous catalysts are usually solids, powdered in order to maximize their surface area. Of particular importance in heterogeneous catalysis are the platinum group metals and other transition metals, which are used in hydrogenations, catalytic reforming and in the synthesis of commodity chemicals such as

This is a document about Chemical kinetics
 that reaction leading to positive feedback. Proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions are called enzymes. Michaelis–Menten kinetics describe the rate of enzyme mediated reactions. A catalyst does not affect the position of the equilibrium, as the catalyst speeds up the backward and forward reactions equally. In certain organic molecules, specific substituents can have an influence on reaction rate in neighbouring group participation. Increasing the pressure in a gaseous reaction will increase the number of collisions between reactants, increasing the rate of reaction. This is because the activity of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of

This is a document about Deoxyribozyme
 through further selection. This first evidence for transfer of function between different nucleic acids could provide support for various pre-RNA World hypotheses. Because most deoxyribozymes suffer from product inhibition and thus exhibit single-turnover behavior, it is sometimes argued that deoxyribozymes do not exhibit "true" catalytic behavior since they cannot undergo multiple-turnover catalysis like most biological enzymes. However, the general definition of a catalyst requires only that the substance speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction (i.e. it is not permanently chemically altered and can be recycled). Thus, by this definition, single-turnover deoxyribozymes are

This is a document about Yves Chauvin
 chemists break double bonds more easily by introducing a catalyst—that is, a substance that starts or speeds up a chemical reaction. Chemists began performing metathesis in the 1950s without knowing exactly how the reaction worked. This lack of understanding hindered the search for more efficient catalysts. In the early 1970s Chauvin achieved a breakthrough when he described the mechanism by which a metal atom bound to a carbon atom in one group of atoms causes the group to shift places with a group of atoms in another molecule and explained metathesis in detail. He showed that the reaction involves two

This is a document about Microlith (catalytic reactor)
 Microlith (catalytic reactor) Microlith is a brand of catalytic reactor invented by the prize-winning engineer William C. Pfefferle and sold by Precision Combustion. Microlith's advantages include its weight, size, efficiency, and fast thermal response. A catalyst is a substance that speeds a reaction but that itself is left in its original state after the reaction, so that it can assist in the reaction of a large quantity of material over a long period of time. A Microlith reactor is constructed with a very thin metal substrate coated with a variety of materials including catalysts to speed reactions, and adsorbent materials

This is a document about Glossary of fuel cell terms
 Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by means of a chemical substance known as a.

This is a document about Reaction inhibitor
  A reaction inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of, or prevents, a chemical reaction. A catalyst, in contrast, is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

This is a document about Accelerant
  Accelerants are substances that can bond, mix or disturb another substance and cause an increase in the speed of a natural, or artificial chemical process. Accelerants play a major role in chemistry—most chemical reactions can be hastened with an accelerant. Accelerants alter a chemical bond, speed up a chemical process, or bring organisms back to homeostasis. Accelerants are not necessarily catalysts as they may be consumed by the process.

This is a document about Chemical reaction
  a reaction with a lower activation energy. ; Temperature, which hastens reactions if raised, since higher temperature increases the energy of the molecules, creating more collisions per unit time, ; The presence or absence of a catalyst. Catalysts are substances which change the pathway (mechanism) of a reaction which in turn increases the speed of a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place. A catalyst is not destroyed or changed during a reaction, so it can be used again. ; For some reactions, the presence of electromagnetic radiation, most notably ultraviolet light, is needed to promote the breaking of bonds to start the reaction. This is particularly true

This is a document about Glossary of fuel cell terms
 A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a chemical reaction.

This is a document about Glossary of fuel cell terms
 A catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed; after the reaction it can potentially be recovered from the reaction mixture chemically unchanged.

This is a document about Reaction rate
   The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time. Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the oxidative rusting of iron under Earth's atmosphere is a slow reaction that can take many years, but the combustion of cellulose in a fire is a reaction that takes place in fractions of a second. For most reactions, the rate decreases as the reaction proceeds. A reaction's rate can be determined by measuring the changes in concentration over time. Chemical kinetics is the part of physical chemistry that concerns how rates of chemical reactions are measured and predicted, and how reaction-rate data can be used to deduce probable reaction mechanisms. The concepts of chemical kinetics are applied in many disciplines, such as chemical engineering,   enzymology and environmental engineering.

This is a document about Glossary of chemistry terms
  that speeds up a chemical reaction. epimer: Eppendorf tube: A generalized and trademarked name used to refer to a. equilibrium: The condition of a system in which all competing influences are balanced. Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the concentrations of the and in a  system have stopped changing in time. Erlenmeyer flask: ester: A class of and compounds derived from the reaction of an  with an, in which at least one  group (–OH) is replaced by an  group (–O–). Esters have the general formula RCO2R′, where R and R' represent any or  group. ether: A class of and a containing an oxygen atom

This is a document about Catalysis
   Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst. Catalysis may be classified as either homogeneous, whose components are dispersed in the same phase (usually gaseous or liquid) as the reactant, or heterogeneous, whose components are not in the same phase. Enzymes and other biocatalysts are often considered as a third category. Catalysis is ubiquitous in chemical industry of all kinds. Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture. The term "catalyst" is derived from Greek καταλύειν, katalúō, meaning "loosen" or "untie". The concept of catalysis was invented by chemist Elizabeth Fulhame, based on her novel work in oxidation-reduction experiments.

This is a document about Chemical kinetics
  A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction but it remains chemically unchanged afterwards. The catalyst increases the rate of the reaction by providing a new reaction mechanism to occur with in a lower activation energy. In autocatalysis a reaction product is itself a catalyst for that reaction leading to positive feedback. Proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions are called enzymes. Michaelis–Menten kinetics describe the rate of enzyme mediated reactions. A catalyst does not affect the position of the equilibrium, as the catalyst speeds up the backward and forward reactions equally. In certain organic molecules, specific substituents can have an influence on reaction rate in neighbouring group participation.

This is a document about Chemical kinetics
  Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is to be contrasted with thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a process occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.

This is a document about Chemical reaction
   A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by

This is a document about Glossary of chemistry terms
  and the  of each chemical species. Because the detailed processes of a complex reaction are not observable in most cases, a reaction mechanism is often a theoretical conjecture based on thermodynamic feasibility and what little support can be gained from experiment. reaction rate: The speed at which are converted into in a. reaction rate constant: reactive intermediate: reactivity: The tendency of a particular to undergo a, either by itself or with other substances, generally referring to either or both of two distinct observations: whether or not a substance reacts under a specific set of circumstances, and how quickly it reacts (i.e. the ). , a chemical reaction occurs because the (taken as a group) exist at a lower

This is a document about Electrocatalyst
  In general, a catalyst is an agent that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being consumed by a reaction. Thermodynamically, a catalyst lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to take place. An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that affects the activation energy of an electrochemical reaction. Shown below is the activation energy of chemical reactions as it relates to the energies of products and reactants. The activation energy in electrochemical processes is related to the potential, i.e. voltage, at which a reaction occurs. Thus, electrocatalysts frequently change the potential at which oxidation and reduction processes are observed. Alternatively, an electrocatalyst can be thought of as an agent that facilitates a specific

This is a document about Reactivity (chemistry)
  large—unless a flame initiates the radical reaction, which leads to an explosion. Restriction of the term to refer to reaction rates leads to a more consistent view. Reactivity then refers to the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction in time. In pure compounds, reactivity is regulated by the physical properties of the sample. For instance, grinding a sample to a higher specific surface area increases its reactivity. In impure compounds, the reactivity is also affected by the inclusion of contaminants. In crystalline compounds, the crystalline form can also affect reactivity. However, in all cases, reactivity is primarily due to the sub-atomic properties of the compound. Although it is commonplace to make

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It does not change the position of the reaction equilibrium.