Question: who was the first act on live aid

Answer: Coldstream Guards

This is a document about Live Aid
 Aid concert in London was also the first time that the BBC outside broadcast sound equipment had been used for an event of such scale. In stark contrast to the mirrored sound systems commonly used by the rock band touring engineers, with two 40–48 channel mixing consoles at the Front of house, and another pair for monitors, the BBC sound engineers had to use multiple 12 channel desks. Some credit this as the point where the mainstream entertainment industry realised that the rock concert industry had overtaken them in technical expertise. The Coldstream Guards band opened with the "Royal Salute",

This is a document about Coldstream Guards
 The Coldstream Guards was the first act on stage at the Wembley leg of the 1985 Live Aid charity concert. It played for the Prince and Princess of Wales. In 1991, the 1st battalion was dispatched to the first Gulf War, where it was involved in prisoner of war handling and other roles. In 1993, due to defence cutbacks, the 2nd battalion was placed in suspended animation. For much of the 1990s, the 1st Battalion was stationed in Münster, Germany, in the Armoured Infantry Role with Warrior APCs as part of the 4th Armoured Brigade. In 1993–1994, the battalion served

This is a document about Live Aid
  Live Aid was a benefit concert held on Saturday 13 July 1985, as well as a music-based fundraising initiative. The original event was organised by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise further funds for relief of the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, a movement that started with the release of the successful charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in December 1984. Billed as the "global jukebox", Live Aid was held simultaneously at Wembley Stadium in London, UK, attended by about 72,000 people and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, US, attended by 89,484 people. On the same day, concerts inspired by the initiative were held in other countries, such as the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan, Yugoslavia, Austria, Australia and West Germany. It

This is a document about The No Jacket Required World Tour
  The Live Aid concerts were notable for Collins performing at both the Philadelphia and London shows. Bob Geldof, the organiser of Live Aid, originally asked Collins to be part of Geldof's first charity effort, Band Aid. Collins provided drums and sang backing vocals for Band Aid's 1984 No. 1 UK hit, "Do They Know It's Christmas?". For Live Aid Collins first performed with Sting at Wembley Stadium. Together they performed "Roxanne", "Driven to Tears", "Against All Odds", "Message in a Bottle", "In the Air Tonight", "Long Long Way To Go", and "Every Breath You Take". After Collins finished performing, he boarded a Concorde flight to the U.S. to enable him to perform at the Philadelphia show. On the plane, he met Cher, and convinced her to be part of the event. Robert Plant had asked Collins if he would perform with Jimmy Page and Tony Thompson and he in a Led Zeppelin reunion of sorts. At the concert he began by playing drums on "Layla", "White Room" and "She's Waiting" for friend Eric Clapton. Collins performed "Against All Odds" and "In the Air Tonight" and finished the night playing drums for Led Zeppelin's aforementioned act.

This is a document about Wembley Park
  the Beatles played because Brian Epstein and ABC TV had failed to agree over terms. They were filmed receiving their awards, however. From 30 June to 2 July 1967 The Monkees played the Empire Pool. They were the first group to headline on their own. Many others would follow. On 13 July 1969 the band Yes performed at Wembley Stadium, on a bill that also included Alan Price, Don Partridge (aka "the King of the Buskers") and Status Quo, who would be the first act to open Live Aid, on exactly the same date 16 years later. This was the first popular music concert in the Stadium On 5 August 1972 a pop concert called The London Rock and

This is a document about Band Aid (band)
  Many of the people involved in the original Band Aid single appeared on the 1984 Christmas edition of Top of the Pops, along with Slade, The Thompson Twins, Bronski Beat, Frankie Goes to Hollywood and Jim Diamond to mime to the record. This was the only time the original Band Aid single was performed live on television. However Bono could not attend, and Paul Weller mimed Bono's line. According to the film made by The Tube on the days of the recording 24–25 November 1984, Bob Geldof says The Edge from U2 was to have played guitar on the track but was unable to as he was in hospital at the time with a kidney infection.

This is a document about The Tube (TV series)
  first post-Beatles interviews in an extended article on his work with Marc Bolan and T. Rex, filmed at his then (and previously John Lennon's) house, Tittenhurst Park. It was during the 50th show in November 1984 that Bob Geldof allegedly ran into Midge Ure and suggested the idea of a fund-raising single for the Christmas market to help the Ethiopian famine, the project that would become Band Aid and later Live Aid. The Jam performed on the first edition of the show in 1982, it was their last live TV appearance together before they split up at the end of the year. Half Man Half Biscuit famously turned down the chance to appear on the show, as Tranmere Rovers were playing that night, even though Channel Four offered to fly them by helicopter to the game.

This is a document about Live 8
  Africa. More than 1,000 musicians performed at the concerts, which were broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks. Live Aid organiser Bob Geldof announced the event on 31 May. Many former Live Aid acts offered their services to the cause. Prior to the official announcement of the event, many news sources referred to the event as Live Aid 2. However, Geldof and co-organiser Midge Ure have since explicitly said they do not think of the event as the same as Live Aid. On an episode of BBC Two music-based comedy panel show Never Mind the Buzzcocks, which aired on 2 March 2006, The Cribs frontman Ryan Jarman said he had texted Geldof to suggest that a "Live Aid 2" would be

This is a document about The Word (UK magazine)
  Live Aid ; December 2004: John Peel ; January 2005: Morrissey ; February 2005: Tom Waits ; March 2005: Joni Mitchell ; April 2005: Eric Clapton ; May 2005: Pete Doherty ; June 2005: Bruce Springsteen ; July 2005: Ry Cooder ; August 2005: Paul Weller ; September 2005: Noel Gallagher ; October 2005: Roger Waters ; November 2005: Mick Jones ; December 2005: The Edge ; January 2006: Bob Dylan ; February 2006: Johnny Cash ; March 2006: KT Tunstall ; April 2006: Pet Shop Boys ; May 2006: Jack Johnson ; June 2006: Leonard Cohen ; July 2006: Neil Young

This is a document about Band Aid (band)
  The supergroup was formed by Bob Geldof, who was then lead singer of the Irish band the Boomtown Rats. The BBC played a major role in capturing the poverty affecting Ethiopian citizens and thereby influenced Geldof to take action. Paula Yates, Bob Geldof's partner, is considered to have been the brains behind the original Band Aid. It was she who became the driving force that inspired (and helped) Geldof to rally the most famous pop stars of the 1980s to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. The group was composed of forty artists to raise awareness and funds for the Ethiopian famine in 1983–1985. The group's name stemmed from the idea that the musicians were providing aid to the less

This is a document about Oz for Africa
  The original concert for famine relief in Ethiopia, called East Africa Tragedy (EAT) Appeal Concert, was held at the Myer Music Bowl, Melbourne on 27 January 1985. The concert was organised by Bill Gordon with assistance from Zev Eizics of Australian Concert Entertainment. Band Aid co-founder Midge Ure was brought to Australia to head the day-long televised performances. Live satellite crosses to fellow co-founder Bob Geldof and other Band Aid performers were included. The concert raised $1 million which was paid to the Red Cross. Bill Gordon floated the idea of a UK concert with Ure utilising all of the performers of Band Aid's charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?". Gordon visited Geldof and the Band Aid Committee in London in April 1985 to secure a place for Australia in the planned event. The idea grew to become the Live Aid concept, which was to have concerts in UK, USA and elsewhere (including Australia).

This is a document about Bob Geldof
  Christmas?", one of the best-selling singles of all time. Geldof is widely recognised for his activism, especially anti-poverty efforts concerning Africa. In 1984, he and Midge Ure founded the charity supergroup Band Aid to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. They went on to organise the charity super-concert Live Aid the following year and the Live 8 concerts in 2005. Geldof currently serves as an adviser to the ONE Campaign, co-founded by fellow Irish rock singer and activist Bono, and is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest

This is a document about Famine
  in the 1970s, the North Korean famine of the 1990s, and the Ethiopian famine of 1983–1985. The latter event was reported on television reports around the world, carrying footage of starving Ethiopians whose plight was centered around a feeding station near the town of Korem. This stimulated the first mass movements to end famine across the world. BBC newsreader Michael Buerk gave moving commentary of the tragedy on 23 October 1984, which he described as a "biblical famine". This prompted the Band Aid single, which was organized by Bob Geldof and featured more than 20 pop stars. The Live Aid concerts in London and Philadelphia

This is a document about Oz for Africa
  Due to time zone differences the Oz for Africa concert began twelve hours before the Wembley Stadium, London leg and was thus the first Live Aid concert. Oz for Africa was organised by furniture dealer Bill Gordon and music producer Brian de Courcy, in co-operation with Geldof and the Band Aid trust. Gordon sold his furniture business to use the cash to support the concert. The compere, Ian "Molly" Meldrum, was the musical director of Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s TV pop show, Countdown. The four-hour concert and telethon was broadcast on two Australian television networks Channel 7 and Channel 9. Sections of it were seen internationally during the world-wide live broadcast of Live Aid, some songs by INXS were shown on BBC in UK and other songs by Men at Work and Little River Band in United States on ABC. An edited version of Oz for

This is a document about Blackrock College
  Bob Geldof, initiator of the Band Aid and Live Aid movements for famine relief in the 1980s, was a student at the college. Frank Duff, the founder of the Legion of Mary, the Catholic lay movement, is also a past pupil. In his memoirs, Straight Left: A Journey in Politics Ruairi Quinn cites the ethos and "sense of solidarity" with the Third World that was imparted to students, including Bob Geldof, as a formative force. The Holy Ghost Fathers were (and remain) an active missionary order in Africa. He wrote: "The poverty of distant Africa was brought into our classrooms by our returned missionary teachers." - Ruairi Quinn

This is a document about 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
  Buerk's news piece on the BBC was seen by Irish singer Bob Geldof, who quickly organised the charity supergroup Band Aid, primarily made up of the biggest British and Irish artists of the era. Their single, "Do They Know It's Christmas?", was released on 3 December 1984 and became Britain's best-selling single within a few weeks, eventually selling 3.69 million copies domestically. It raised £8 million for famine relief within twelve months of its release. Other charity singles soon followed; released in March 1985, "We Are the World" by USA for Africa was the most successful of these, selling 20 million copies worldwide. Live Aid, a 1985 fund-raising effort headed by Geldof, induced millions of people

This is a document about Wembley Park
  watched on television, worldwide. £30 million was raised for famine relief. It was a hot day, and Wembley staff had to distribute water, hose down the crowd and even cut off the legs from people’s jeans to convert them into shorts. Geldof and his band, The Boomtown Rats, had never played at Wembley before, and were astonished by the noise. The Arena and the Conference Centre and exhibition halls also played their part, being taken over to provide dressing rooms for the performers. According to Charlie Shun, a Wembley sales manager, Live Aid was "the event which established Wembley [Stadium] as a major rock venue. We had only staged ten different music shows at the stadium before Live Aid but after that it all took off."

This is a document about Band Aid (band)
  Band Aid were a charity supergroup featuring mainly British and Irish musicians and recording artists. It was founded in 1984 by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise money for anti-famine efforts in Ethiopia by releasing the song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for the Christmas market that year. On 25 November 1984, the song was recorded at Sarm West Studios in Notting Hill, London, and was released in the UK on Monday 3 December. The single surpassed the hopes of the producers to become the Christmas number one on that release. Three re-recordings of the song to raise further money for charity also topped the charts, first the Band Aid II version in 1989 and the Band Aid 20 version in 2004 and finally the Band Aid 30 version in 2014. The original was produced by Ure. The 12" version was mixed by Trevor Horn.

This is a document about Do They Know It's Christmas?
  The song comprises two parts: a verse and bridge which allow individual singers to perform different lines; and a chorus in the form of two repeated phrases by ensemble. The first line of the recording is sung by Paul Young on the 1984 version, Kylie Minogue on the 1989 version, Chris Martin of Coldplay on the 2004 version, and One Direction on the 2014 version. The opening line was sung by David Bowie at the Live Aid concert in 1985.

This is a document about Popular music in Yugoslavia
 The Yugoslav message to Live Aid and YU Rock Misija video incl. subtitles In the late 1984 Bob Geldof and Midge Ure organized the famine relief campaign named Band Aid, which continued throughout 1985 until its finale – the historical Live Aid concert on 13 July 1985. The concert was broadcast worldwide including SFR Yugoslavia. Beside "Do They Know it's Christmas?" and USA for Africa projects from the UK and USA respectively, plenty of other countries also joined in. For example: Canada, West Germany, Austria, Norway etc. The SFR Yugoslav pop and rock elite also joined Geldof's campaign and formed a Yugoslav Band Aid under the

The first act on Live Aid was the Coldstream Guards Legion of Honour charity act, which performed at Wembley Stadium in London.


Question: when was first constituent assembly held in nepal

Answer: May 28 , 2008

This is a document about 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly The 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly was a unicameral body of 601 members that served from May 28, 2008 to May 28, 2012. It was formed as a result of the first Constituent Assembly election held on April 10, 2008. The Constituent Assembly was tasked with writing a new constitution, and acting as the interim legislature for a term of two years. 240 members were elected in single seat constituencies, 335 were elected through proportional representation, and the remaining 26 seats were reserved for nominated members. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)) was the largest

This is a document about Women's representation in the Parliament of Nepal
 and return the sovereignty to the people. Nepal once again adopted a multi-party parliamentary system under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal in 1990. But once again, parliament was dissolved by the then King Gyanendra on May 22, 2002 and introduced direct rule under his chairmanship in 2005. A successful second peoples' movement in 2006 followed by Constituent Assembly (CA) elections of 2008 finally declared Nepal as a Federal Democratic Republic and ended centuries old monarchy on May 28, 2008. Nepal held four general parliamentary elections in 1959, 1991, 1994 and 1999 and Constituent Assembly (CA) elections in 2008.

This is a document about 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
 party in the Constituent Assembly, having won half of the constituency seats and about 30% of proportional representation seats. The Constituent Assembly declared a republic at its first meeting on May 28, 2008, abolishing the monarchy. In late June 2008, the parties agreed to divide the 26 nominated seats in the Constituent Assembly between nine parties: the CPN (M) was to receive nine of these seats, while the Nepali Congress (NC) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN (UML)) (which respectively placed second and third in the election) would each receive five, the Madhesi Janadhikar Forum would receive

This is a document about Politics of Nepal
 Politics of Nepal The politics of Nepal function within a framework of a republic with a multi-party system. Currently, the position of President of Nepal (head of state) is occupied by Bidhya Devi Bhandari. The position of Prime Minister (head of government) is held by Kamal Prasad Oli. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and his cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament. Until May 28, 2008, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy. On that date, the constitution was altered by the Nepalese Constituent Assembly to make the country a republic. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated

This is a document about 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
   The 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly was a unicameral body of 601 members that served from May 28, 2008, to May 28, 2012. It was formed as a result of the first Constituent Assembly election held on April 10, 2008. The Constituent Assembly was tasked with writing a new constitution, and acting as the interim legislature for a term of two years. 240 members were elected in single-seat constituencies, 335 were elected through proportional representation, and the remaining 26 seats were reserved for nominated members. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN (M)) was the largest party in the Constituent Assembly, having won half of the constituency seats and about 30% of proportional representation seats. The Constituent Assembly declared a republic at its first meeting on May 28, 2008, abolishing the monarchy. In late June 2008, the parties

This is a document about B.P. Koirala cabinet, 1959
  Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala formed the first elected government of Nepal on 27 May 1959. After the 1951 democratic movement, several transitional governments failed to hold the first general elections in the country until an interim government under Subarna SJB Rana held the 1959 general elections in two phases on 18 February and 3 April 1959. Nepali Congress gained a majority in the 1st House of Representatives of Nepal and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala was elected as the parliamentary party leader of the Nepali Congress on 4 May 1959. On 16 May 1959, Koirala was invited by King Mahendra to form a government and the cabinet was formed on 27 May 1959 The cabinet was reshuffled just over a month later on 30 June 1959. Koirala and the entire cabinet were arrested and the parliament was dissolved in 15 December 1960 as a result of a coup d'état by King Mahendra.

This is a document about Constituent assembly
  The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India, and served as its first Parliament as an independent nation. It was set up as a result of negotiations between the leaders of the Indian independence movement and members of the British Cabinet Mission. The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly, which existed under the British Raj. It first met on December 9, 1946, in Delhi. On August 15, 1947, India became an independent nation, and the Constituent Assembly started functioning as India's Parliament. B. R. Ambedkar drafted the Constitution of India in conjunction with the requisite deliberations and debates in the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly approved the Constitution on November 26, 1949 (celebrated as Constitution Day), and it took effect on January 26, 1950 — a day now commemorated as Republic Day in India. Once the Constitution took effect, the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India

This is a document about List of heads of state of Nepal
  Under the interim constitution adopted in January 2007, all powers of governance were removed from the king, and the Constituent Assembly elected in 2008 was to decide in its first meeting whether to continue the monarchy or to declare a republic. During the suspension of the monarchy, Girija Prasad Koirala, then Prime Minister of Nepal, acted as the Head of State. On 28 May 2008, the Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy. Ram Baran Yadav was elected by the Constituent Assembly, and was sworn in as the nation's first president on 23 July 2008. Status:

This is a document about Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
  The Indian Constituent Assembly was established on 9 December 1946, for drafting a Constitution when India became independent. The Constituent Assembly witnessed fierce debates on the language issue. The adoption of a National Language, the language in which the Constitution was to be written in and the language in which the proceedings of the Constituent Assembly were to be conducted were the main linguistic questions debated by the framers of the Constitution. On one side were members from the "Hindi-speaking provinces" like Algu Rai Sastri, R.V. Dhulekar, Balkrishna Sharma, Purushottam Das Tandon, (all from United Provinces), Babunath Gupta (Bihar), Hari Vinayak Pataskar (Bombay) and Ravi Shankar Shukla, Seth Govind Das (Central Provinces and

This is a document about Federal Parliament of Nepal
  The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was converted into a legislative parliament of Nepal after the promulgation of the constitution on September 20, 2015. The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was formed after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. The Legislature Parliament of Nepal was dissolved on 21 January 2018 (7 Magh, 2074 BS).

This is a document about Constituent Assembly of India
  The Constituent Assembly of India, consisting of indirectly elected representatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approx. three years, the first parliament of India after independence in 1947. The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage, and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation. Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one-party environment, the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions—from conservative industrialists to radical Marxists, to Hindu revivalists. The Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946, and its last session was held on 24 January 1950. The hope of the Assembly was expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru: "The first task

This is a document about Legislatures of Kingdom of Nepal
  Kingdom of Nepal (1768 - 2008), first time introduced legislature in 1948. Rana Prime Minister Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana forms Constitution Reform Committee to draft first constitution of Nepal in 1947 and Government of Nepal Act, 1948 passed in 1948. However, Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana suspended the promulgation of the Constitution. In 1950, Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana himself promulgates the Government of Nepal Act, 1948 which was suspended by him in 1948. On January 15, 2007 a new legislature promulgated The interim constitution of Nepal, 2007 which declared Nepal a democratic country and abolished Kingdom.

This is a document about Jatiya Sangsad
   The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was established on 10 April 1972 after the Bangladesh Liberation War to prepare a democratic constitution and served as its first parliament as an independent nation. The assembly approved the constitution on 4 November 1972, and it took effect on 16 December and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of Bangladesh until the first elections under the new constitution took place in 1973. Until 10 July 1981 the Constituent Assembly, and the first and second parliaments held their sittings in the building that now houses the Prime Minister's Office and which is often referred as the old Sangsad Bhaban (old Parliament House). The opening ceremony of the present Parliament House was performed on 15 February 1982. The last session of the second parliament was held in the new house on 15 February 1982.

This is a document about 2008 in Nepal
 August 15 - The Nepalese Constituent Assembly elects former Maoist rebel Prachanda as the first Prime Minister of Nepal as a republic.

This is a document about Constituent Assembly of India
  The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India. It was elected by the 'Provincial Assembly'. Following India's independence from British Government in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament. An idea for a Constituent Assembly was proposed in 1934 by M. N. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935,The Indian National Congress held its session at Lucknow on April 1936 presided by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. The official demand for Constituent Assembly was raised and Government of India Act, 1935 was rejected as it imposed the Constitution which was against the will

This is a document about House of Representatives (Nepal)
  The Constitution of Nepal was drafted by the 2nd Constituent Assembly and the provision for a bicameral legislature was re-adopted. The House of Representatives became the lower house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal and its first election was held in 2017.

This is a document about Election Commission (Nepal)
  The year 1950 was important in the history of Nepal: in that year, the Rana dynasty, which had controlled the government for exactly 104 years, was overthrown. The coup d'état marked Nepal's first attempt at democracy; one of the primary goals of the revolution was to eventually establish the Nepalese Constituent Assembly. The democratic experiment was short-lived; in less than ten years, King Mahendra dissolved the government in favor of the Panchayat system. However, another major accomplishment was the establishment of the National Election Commission in 1951. The commission was declared by law to be independent of the government in 1966. This has been confirmed by Nepal's interim constitution in 2007.

This is a document about List of prime ministers of Nepal
  Matrika Prasad Koirala held the position of prime minister still under the declaration of the King of Nepal. The first general election was held in 1959 and Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala became the first elected prime minister of Nepal. However, he was deposed and imprisoned in 1960 by King Mahendra who went on to establish an oligarchic authoritative regime, the Panchayat system, and Nepal did not have a democratic government until 1990. After the Jana Andolan movement in 1990, the country became a constitutional monarchy. The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly and the country was declared a federal democratic republic. The current constitution was adopted on 20 September 2015, and the first prime minister under this new constitution was Khagendra Prasad Sharma Oli.

This is a document about Nepal Sambat
  888 Nepal Sambat (1768 CE) - Prithvi Narayan Shah's Gorkhali forces take Kathmandu. 926 (1806) - Bhandarkhal Massacre establishes Bhimsen Thapa as the prime minister of Nepal. 966 (1846) - Kot massacre establishes Jang Bahadur Rana as the prime minister of Nepal and the Rana dynasty. 1054 (1934) - Great Earthquake strikes Nepal. 1061 (1941) - Four martyrs executed by the Rana regime. 1071 (1951) - Revolution topples Rana regime and establishes democracy. 1080 (1960) - Parliamentary system abolished and Panchayat system established. 1111 (1991) - First parliamentary election held after abolition of Panchayat and reinstatement of democracy. 1121 (2001) - The king, queen and other members of the royal family are killed in Nepali royal massacre. 1128 (2008) - Nepal becomes a republic.

The first Constituent Assembly of Nepal was held from May 28, 2008 to May 28, 2010.


Question: when was the second amendment put in place

Answer: December 15 , 1791

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
 Second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court ruled in the 2008 "Heller" decision that the right belongs to individuals in their homes for self-defense while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not preclude the existence of certain long-standing prohibitions such as those forbidding "the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill" or restrictions on "the carrying

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms. It was ratified on December 15, 1791, along with nine other articles of the Bill of Rights. In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court affirmed for the first time that the right belongs to individuals, for self-defense in the home,   while also including, as dicta, that the right is not unlimited and does not preclude the existence of certain long-standing prohibitions such as those forbidding "the possession of firearms by felons and the mentally ill" or restrictions on "the carrying of dangerous and unusual weapons". In McDonald

This is a document about Gun politics in the United States
  The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted on December 15, 1791, states: "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." Prior to District of Columbia v. Heller, in the absence of a clear court ruling, there was a debate about whether or not the Second Amendment included an individual right. In Heller, the Court concluded that there is indeed such a right, but not an unlimited one. Although the decision was not unanimous, all justices endorsed an individual right viewpoint but differed on the scope of that right. Before Heller gun rights advocates argued that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to own guns. They stated that the phrase "the people" in that amendment applies to individuals rather than an

This is a document about Right to keep and bear arms in the United States
  in 1791; rather, the Second Amendment was the codification of the six-centuries-old responsibility to keep and bear arms for king and country that was inherited from the English Colonists that settled North America, tracing its origin back to the Assize of Arms of 1181 that occurred during the reign of Henry II. Through being codified in the United States Constitution, the common law right was continued and guaranteed for the People, and statutory law enacted subsequently by Congress cannot extinguish the pre-existing common law right to keep and bear arms. The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution refers to a

This is a document about Civil liberties in the United States
  The text of Amendment II to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791, states that: ""A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.""

This is a document about United States Bill of Rights
  keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." The Second Amendment protects the individual right to keep and bear arms. The concept of such a right existed within English common law long before the enactment of the Bill of Rights. First codified in the English Bill of Rights of 1689 (but there only applying to Protestants), this right was enshrined in fundamental laws of several American states during the Revolutionary era, including the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. Long a controversial issue in American political, legal, and social discourse, the Second Amendment has been at the heart of several Supreme Court decisions.

This is a document about Gun law in the United States
  Important events regarding gun legislation occurred in the following years. In 1791, the United States Bill of Rights were ratified which included the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution which stated that "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." In 1934, with the abundance of gang related crime, such as the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, the National Firearms Act ("NFA") was signed into law under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Administration. The NFA is considered to be the first federal legislation to enforce gun control in the United States,

This is a document about History of concealed carry in the U.S.
  The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to "keep and bear arms". In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) the Supreme Court ruled that this was an individual right to own arms for the defense of oneself. Whether the intent of Second Amendment was to recognize an individual right to own and carry arms, or to guarantee the right of each of the several States to have a militia composed of citizens (i.e. the organized, and unorganized militia, as defined by the Efficiency In Militia Act of 1903) remains an issue of public debate. However, the constitutions of 31 states expressly protect an individual right to keep and bear arms (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana,

This is a document about Constitutional law of the United States
  The Second Amendment states that “a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed,”. It has been one of the most controversial rights in the Bill of Rights-notable cases consist of United States v. Miller (1934), Printz v. United States (1997), District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), and McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010).

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  accept the changes made by the Senate. The enrolled original Joint Resolution passed by Congress on September 25, 1789, on permanent display in the Rotunda, reads as: "A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." On December 15, 1791, the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution) was adopted, having been ratified by three-fourths of the states, having been ratified as a group by all the fourteen states then in existence except Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Georgia – which added ratifications in 1939.

This is a document about Richard M. Daley
  from a display table of confiscated weapons and told him, "If I put this up your butt, you'll find out how effective it is. Let me put a round up your, you know." The remark was voted "the stoopidest thing that Mayor Richard Daley the Younger has ever said" in an online poll by the Chicago Tribune. On June 28, 2010, the US Supreme Court held, in a 5–4 decision in McDonald v. Chicago, that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution was incorporated under the Fourteenth Amendment, thus protecting the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms"

This is a document about 2nd Amendment Day
  2nd Amendment Day is a public awareness day observed in the United States. Its purpose is to raise awareness of and support for the fundamental right to keep and bear arms, which is codified in the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment, along with the nine others ratified on December 15, 1791, comprise the Constitution's Bill of Rights.

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  The House voted in favor of Madison's motion, and the Bill of Rights entered committee for review. The committee returned to the House a reworded version of the Second Amendment on July 28. On August 17, that version was read into the Journal: "A well regulated militia, composed of the body of the people, being the best security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; but no person religiously scrupulous shall be compelled to bear arms." In late August 1789, the House debated and modified the Second Amendment. These debates revolved primarily around the

This is a document about James Monroe
  second amendment was adopted on the motion of Jesse B. Thomas of Illinois, excluding slavery from the Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north (the southern boundary of Missouri), except within the limits of the proposed state of Missouri. The House then approved the bill as amended by the Senate. The legislation passed, and became known as "the Missouri Compromise". Though Monroe remained firmly opposed to any compromise that restricted slavery anywhere, he reluctantly signed the Compromise into law (March 6, 1820) only because he believed it was the least bad alternative for southern slaveholders. The Missouri Compromise temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the territories.

This is a document about Concealed carry in the United States
  The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the right to "keep and bear arms". Concealed weapons bans were passed in Kentucky and Louisiana in 1813. (In those days open carry of weapons for self-defense was considered acceptable; concealed carry was denounced as the practice of criminals.) By 1859, Indiana, Tennessee, Virginia, Alabama, and Ohio had followed suit. By the end of the nineteenth century, similar laws were passed in places such as Texas, Florida, and Oklahoma, which protected some gun rights in their state constitutions. Before the mid 1900s, most U.S. states had passed concealed carry laws rather than banning weapons completely. Until the late 1990s, many Southern states were either "No-Issue" or "Restrictive May-Issue". Since then, these states have largely enacted "Shall-Issue" licensing laws, with numerous states legalizing "Unrestricted concealed carry".

This is a document about Right to keep and bear arms in the United States
  The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution is a federal provision. In 2010, this "fundamental" and "individual" right was "fully incorporated" with the 14th Amendment per the SCOTUS ruling made in McDonald v. City of Chicago, which upheld the prior opinion made in District of Columbia v. Heller. Each of the fifty states also has its own state constitution. Forty-four states have chosen to explicitly embody a right to bear arms into their state constitutions. Each of the state constitutions, state laws, and state courts addresses the state-based right to bear arms distinctly within its respective jurisdictions. The degree and the nature of the protection, prohibition, and regulation at the state level varies from state to state. The District of

This is a document about Overview of gun laws by nation
  in the United States ]]In the United States, gun laws are found in a number of federal statutes, enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment to the Constitution since 1791, although there was a lack of clear federal court rulings defining the right in relation to militia service until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it protects any individual's right to keep and bear arms unconnected with service in a militia for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home, in District of Columbia v.

This is a document about In Search of the Second Amendment
  and the Federal Government ; The Senate and the Second Amendment ; Tench Coxe ; St. George Tucker ; William Rawle ; Thomas Cooley ; Contemporaries and the Second Amendment So What's the Debate? Tracing the Origin of the Belief that the 2nd Amendment Relates to a State's Right to have a National Guard ; Meaning of "The People" ; Origin of the Collective Right ; Kansas Supreme Court ; The National Guard ; United States v. Miller (1939) ; United States v. Emerson (2001) 1868: The 14th Amendment Creates a New Guarantee of the Right to Arms: The Afro–American Experience ; Slave Codes ; Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856) ; Black Codes ; Views and

This is a document about First Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
  Article 28.3.3º was amended on two further occasions. The Second Amendment, passed in 1941, also under Article 51, clarified that emergency provisions must be within the time of war or armed rebellion itself and added a clause at the end of the last sentence, which specified that a "time of war" could extend beyond the termination of hostilities. The Twenty-first Amendment, passed in 2001, prohibited the use of the death penalty in a new subsection in Article 15.5.2º, and provided that the emergency provisions of the Constitution could not be used to allow the death penalty. Those later changes are highlighted in bold:

This is a document about Second Amendment Foundation
  Fourteenth Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause. Following the Heller decision in 2008 in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use, the Second Amendment Foundation partnered with Smith & Wesson to create a commemorative revolver. On the right side plate of the revolver, the scale of justice is depicted with the case name across the scale. The balance is in favor of the "Heller" name with the court date of "June 26, 2008" positioned across the top. Underneath the scale,

The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on December 15, 1791.


Question: when did mccrory 's go out of business

Answer: February 2002

This is a document about McCrory Stores
 were operated by the McCrory company. However, as the decade turned, its fortunes decreased, and by 1992 it filed for bankruptcy. Several rounds of store closures followed, with one of the biggest coming in 1997 when McCrory's shuttered 300 of its last 460 stores. The company also converted some stores to their Dollar Zone format of dollar store, but these closed in early 2002. In December 2001, McCrory Stores announced the remaining McCrory's, TG&Y, G. C. Murphy and J.J. Newberry stores it was operating would begin liquidating and in February 2002 the company ceased operation. McCrory Stores McCrory Stores or

This is a document about McCrory Stores
  In 1989, 1,300 stores were operated by the McCrory company. However, as the decade turned, its fortunes decreased, and by 1992 it filed for bankruptcy. The changing retail landscape including the migrating of shoppers from the inner cities to the influx of superstores such as Target and Wal-Mart sealed the fate of the once mighty Five And Ten. Several rounds of store closures followed, with one of the biggest coming in 1997 when McCrory's shuttered 300 of its last 460 stores. The company also converted some stores to their Dollar Zone format of dollar store, but these closed in early 2002. In December 2001, McCrory Stores announced the remaining McCrory's, TG&Y, G. C. Murphy and J.J. Newberry stores it was operating would begin liquidating and in February 2002 the company ceased operation.

This is a document about J.J. Newberry
  the 439 unit J.J. Newberry Co. in 1972. McCrory Stores continued to operate it under the Newberry banner as a separate division. McCrory opened additional stores under the Newberry banner especially in the Northeast and California where the name had a strong presence. The company thrived throughout the 1980s but fell on hard times in the early 1990s. The demise of the company became evident following a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in 1992. In 1997, McCrory closed 300 stores including many in the Newberry's division, however several others remained. In the year 2000, most remaining Newberry's and other McCrory-branded five and dime stores had been converted to

This is a document about McCrory Stores
  McCrory Stores or J.G. McCrory's was a chain of five and dime stores in the United States based in York, Pennsylvania. The stores typically sold shoes, clothing, housewares, fabrics, penny candy, toys, cosmetics, and often included a lunch counter or snack bar. They also exclusively sold Oriole Records, one of the most popular 'dime store labels' from 1921 to 1938.

This is a document about John Graham McCrorey
  John Graham McCrorey (October 11, 1860 – November 20, 1943) was an American businessman who made his fortune as a retailer. McCrorey was the founder of a chain of five and dime stores that bore his name, known as McCrory Stores. The company was so named because McCrorey did not want to pay for extra letters on his store signs, and he eventually changed his legal last name to "McCrory" so as to avoid confusion. The first McCrory store opened in Scottdale, Pennsylvania in 1882. McCrorey originally had a partnership with Sebastian Kresge, who later founded his own chain of stores after McCrorey dissolved their partnership. In addition to the Kresge stores, McCrorey competed with F.W. Woolworth's stores as well. The original company became insolvent during the Great Depression, but was reformed and eventually grew to include G.C. Murphy, TG&Y, and J.J. Newberry along with what was left of Kresge's chain, surviving all of its major competitors before succumbing to liquidation itself in 2002. Pennsylvania State Death Index.

This is a document about Variety store
  TG&Y Family Centers, W. T. Grant, and Woolworth's Woolco stores. With suburbanization in the 1950s and 1960s, Americans shopped more and more in malls rather than downtown shopping districts, and Newberry's and Woolworth's stores did open in the malls but even so, starting around the 1970s, variety stores lost business to other retail formats such as office stores, low-price shoe chains, fabric stores, toy stores and discount drug stores like Thrifty Drug Stores. Grocery stores and drug stores sold more and more candy. The last US Woolworth's closed in 1997. Newberry's went bankrupt in 1992 and the brand disappeared in 2002. 300 McCrory stores, many of which being Newberry's, closed in 1997.

This is a document about G. C. Murphy
  In April 1985, the company was acquired by Ames Department Stores Inc. for $48 per share. Ames rebranded many of the larger "Murphy's Mart" stores. In 1989, Ames sold the G. C. Murphy and Bargain World divisions to E-II Holdings, parent of McCrory's, in order to help offset debt incurred during their recent acquisition of Zayre. The McCrory's chain filed for bankruptcy in 1992, closed many of their stores (including former G.C. Murphy's outlets) in 1997, and ceased its remaining operations in 2002.

This is a document about Battlefield Mall
  the McCrory store was closed and converted to local department store Heer's, which opened there in 1975. The mall's owners announced an expansion plan in 1979, to consist of over 400000 sqft of mall shops and two new anchor stores. Upon opening in 1982, this expansion added about 85 stores, including a Sears department store and a new location for Dillard's. At the same time, the original location of Dillard's in the mall was sold to Famous-Barr. In 2001, following the closure of Montgomery Ward, Dillard's moved some of its departments into the former Montgomery Ward location, while retaining other departments in the store built in

This is a document about McCrory Stores
  At its height, McCrory's operated 1,300 stores under its own name and as TG&Y, McLellan (merged in 1958), H. L. Green, Silvers, G.C. Murphy, J.J. Newberry and Otasco, which it had acquired through the years. McCrory's parent Rapid-American also owned Lerner Stores and National Shirt (acquired by McCrory's in 1960). Meshulam Riklis purchased McCrory in 1960 and merged it with the rival H.L.Green Co. and moved its headquarters to Springettsbury Township, York County, Pennsylvania, in 1963. At the time it was the fourth largest retailer in the United States. Riklis controlled McCrory's through the Rapid-American holding company, which was managed by Samuel

This is a document about McCrory Stores
  The TG&Y stores were not profitable and drained McCrory of valuable assets. Many of the TG&Y stores were converted to the Bargain Time banner that McCrory operated and were closed as the 1980s came to an end. In 1987, McCrory Stores purchased the 76 remaining Kresge and Jupiter stores from the K Mart Corporation which had long given up on the variety stores division, reuniting the companies. All stores were converted to the McCrory banner. In 1989, McCrory Stores purchased the GC Murphy Co. from Ames Stores. The sale included the remaining GC Murphy Stores and Bargain World Stores as well.

This is a document about Sammy McCrory
  1950. However the following season he was their top goalscorer in all competitions, and in total made over 100 appearances for the club. He then had a spell with Plymouth Argyle but struggled for form in the Second Division, before moving to Southend United in 1955. He scored the first goal at United's new stadium, Roots Hall, on 20 August 1955 against Norwich City. He was also the joint top scorer of the last edition of the Third Division South with 31 goals in the 1957–58 season. After leaving Southend in 1960 he joined Southern League side Cambridge United, where he spent two years before returning home for a one-year spell as player-manager of Irish League side Crusaders. After retiring, he settled in Donaghadee where he ran a pub. McCrory died in 2011 at the age of 86.

This is a document about Hess's
  decades as part of the McCrory Stores five and ten store chain, was purchased. However, with the purchase by the City, a survey of the property revealed that the 9th and Hamilton Street building was in relatively poor condition and considered unsuitable for any other use. The property consisted of a maze of old buildings, that were cobbled together by Hess to accommodate the growing retail business. Over the years it had a number of inconsistent renovations, and it lacked even a central heating system (the light fixtures were used for warmth), and portions of the McCrory building could be dated to the old Black Bear Hotel of the 1880s. The site was considered not worth

This is a document about Lakes Mall
  begin renovating the mall with a "main street" theme. Kmart bought the former Jefferson Ward building, converting part of it to a Builders Square home improvement store, while the rest became the first location of Sports Authority, a sports equipment store. Since Office Depot, The Sports Authority, and Builders Square did not open to the mall, traffic within the mall itself continued to decline. By 1989, the only other retailers inside were McCrory (which closed on December 31 that year), two restaurants, a men's clothing store, and some offices and service tenants. Also, the mall's owners filed a mortgage on it, but the mortgage holder was charged

This is a document about McCrory Stores
  John Graham McCrorey (1860-1923) opened his first store in Scottdale, Pennsylvania, in 1882. By 1885, the chain had five stores in Pennsylvania. McCrory was known for his thrifty nature, so much so that he legally dropped the e from his last name so he would not have to pay for extra letters on his store signs. One of the firm's policies was to acquire locations whenever property could be found at a reasonable purchase price. In November 1925, approximately ⅔ of its stores were leased, with the remainder owned by a subsidiary, the McCrory Realty Corporation. The retailer's gross sales approached

This is a document about Sunshine Mall
  Mr C's Warehouse Grocery by late 1979. Office Depot opened in the former Sports Unlimited space in 1990. J Byrons closed at the mall in 1991, to be replaced by Phar-Mor, which was relocating from a nearby plaza. By July 1994, McCrory's had closed its doors and J. C. Penney had announced intentions to leave by January, and the mall had stopped signing new leases for interior tenants, keeping existing tenants on month-to-month leases. A US$10 million rebuild of the mall was announced in 1995, which was to transform the mall into a strip mall power center, retaining an interior corridor, however this never came to pass. The mall was demolished beginning in July 1998 by Terra Excavating Inc of Largo, FL in order to make way for a 600-apartment complex.

This is a document about Colleen McCrory
  New Denver. However, a three-year boycott by loggers forced her out of business in 1985 and forced her deep into debt. She was awarded the Governor-General's Conservation Award in 1983 and the IUCN's Fred M. Packard Award in 1988. In 1992, she was named to the United Nations' Global 500 Roll of Honour and awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize. She ran as a candidate for the Green Party in the 2001 British Columbia provincial elections. McCrory's efforts helped lead to the creation of: McCrory died of a brain tumor at home in Silverton, British Columbia in 2007, aged 57.

This is a document about List of defunct department stores of the United States
  ; Hills Department Stores ; Milner's, Toledo ; J.J. Newberry. This chain had many stores in Ohio including: Coshocton, Wooster, East Palestine, Cincinnati.  The company came under control of McCrory Stores in 1974. John Josiah Newberry, founder of the company, died in 1954. ; John J. Carroll (Newark). ; Jupiter Stores, Division of the S.S. Kresge Company. Operated several stores in Ohio. Including one in Downtown Mount Vernon, Ohio which had been a S. S. Kresge store for many years. Also a location in Downtown Ashland, Ohio.  Jupiter was a no frills store. When leases were soon to be

This is a document about Southgate Shopping Center
  Many of the smaller, mom-and-pop oriented shops began to vacate in the early 1980s due to changing economic conditions. Kresge's closed its dime store in 1982, as its subsidiary, Kmart, was located just east of the center (in a separate building that today houses a Dunham's Sports). Tri-State Furniture opened in that space later that year, and was eventually subdivided in 1990 into Old Country Buffet, which later closed on January 18, 2012, and replaced later that year by All-American Buffet, itself closing at the start of 2018; and Fashion Bug, which closed in 2011; both spaces were eventually recombined with the 2020 opening of the

This is a document about G. C. Murphy
  The chain was founded in 1906 in the Pittsburgh suburb of McKeesport, Pennsylvania, by George Clinton Murphy. Murphy had gotten his start in retail as a manager of a McCrory's store in 1896. Murphy later moved to Detroit, Michigan, to manage several stores there, and then returned to the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area to launch his own stores. His namesake chain was founded in 1906. It was one of several large retailers to originate in Pennsylvania. Murphy died in April 1909, three years after the launch of the chain. Two former McCrory's executives, John Sephus Mack and Walter C. Shaw, bought the G.C. Murphy chain, which was at the time about 12 stores, that same year. The chain quickly expanded both through new stores and purchase of competitors, growing to 173 stores by 1932. Murphy's expanded cautiously during the 1920s, letting it cope with the Great Depression better than other retailing chains: Sales in 1930 were reported to have risen about 9% ($17 million). By 1932, however sales had dropped 3.7%. The retailing company never let go of their employees during this time, although they did have to get rid of over time pay and dock employees for absences.

McCrory's went out of business in February 2002.


Question: where were the two atomic bombs dropped in japan

Answer: Hiroshima

This is a document about Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion

This is a document about World war
 million Armenians during the First World War. The Second World War occurred from 1939 to 1945 and is the only conflict in which atomic bombs have been used. Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in Japan, were devastated by atomic bombs dropped by the United States. Nazi Germany was responsible for genocides, most notably the Holocaust, the killing of six million Jews. The United States, the Soviet Union, and Canada deported and interned minority groups within their own borders, and largely because of the conflict, many ethnic Germans were later expelled from Eastern Europe. Japan was responsible for attacking neutral nations without a

This is a document about Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 of atomic bombs, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of its B-29s dropped a Little Boy uranium gun-type bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a Fat Man plutonium implosion-type bomb was dropped by another B-29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to

This is a document about World War II
 Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August respectively. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, the Soviet entry into the war against Japan and its invasion of Manchuria, Japan announced its intention to surrender on 15 August 1945, cementing total victory in Asia for the Allies. Tribunals were set up by fiat by the Allies and war crimes trials were

This is a document about Atomic spies
 and interpret what they were stealing. Moscow also needed reliable spies who believed in the communist cause and who would provide accurate information. One such Soviet spy, Theodore Hall, had worked on the development of the bombs dropped in Japan. Hall provided the specifications of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. This information allowed the Soviet scientists a first-hand look at the successful set up of an atomic weapon built by the Manhattan Project. Although Hall's information proved helpful to the Soviet cause, the most influential of the atomic spies was Klaus Fuchs. Fuchs, a German-born British physicist, went to America

This is a document about History of Washington (state)
 young men drafted increased simultaneously, women entered the workforce in great numbers, recruited by local media. One-fourth of the laborers in shipyards were women, resulting in the installation of one of the first government-funded child-care centers in the workplace. In eastern Washington, the Hanford Works nuclear power plant was opened in 1943 and played a major role in the construction of the nation's atomic bombs. One of the atomic bombs (nicknamed 'Fat Man' and dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945) was fueled by Hanford plutonium and was transported in Boeing B-29s, also designed in Washington State. On May

This is a document about Courtney Hodges
 the “spearhead and the scintillating star” of the US advance into Germany, and sought to ensure that Hodges was properly recognised for his achievements despite “being seemingly overlooked by the headline writers.” After the end of World War II in Europe on May 7, 1945, Hodges and the First Army were ordered to prepare to be sent the Pacific Theater for the proposed invasion of Japan in late 1945 to March 1946. However, that move became unnecessary when two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, compelling

This is a document about Empire of Japan
 with extensive aerial mining by the U.S.'s Operation Starvation. Regardless, these efforts did not succeed in persuading the Japanese military to surrender. In mid-August 1945, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These atomic bombings were the first and only used against another nation in warfare. These two bombs killed approximately 120,000 to 140,000 people in a matter of minutes, and as many as a result of nuclear radiation in the following weeks, months and years. The bombs killed as many as 140,000 people in Hiroshima and 80,000 in Nagasaki by the end

This is a document about Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
 call "the southern Kuril islands." The third area of research Hasegawa has conducted is an international history involving the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan in ending the Pacific War. As the United States dropped its atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, 1.6 million Soviet troops launched a surprise attack on the Japanese forces occupying eastern Asia. Hasegawa published a book, "Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan" (2005). Challenging the widely accepted orthodox view that the atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the most decisive factor in Japan's decision to surrender,

This is a document about Japan during World War II
 result of the incendiary bombing campaign on Japan. Concurrent to these attacks, Japan's vital coastal shipping operations were severely hampered with extensive aerial mining by the U.S.'s Operation Starvation. Regardless, these efforts did not succeed in persuading the Japanese military to surrender. In mid-August 1945, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These atomic bombings were the first and only used against another nation in warfare. These two bombs killed approximately 120,000 to 140,000 people in a matter of minutes, and as many as a result of nuclear radiation in the following weeks,

This is a document about USS Willmarth (DE-638)
 from "Willmarth" helped to get the downed airmen on board. However, one of the crewmen died. The two survivors and the body of the dead man were transferred to "Steamer Bay" later that day. "Willmarth" subsequently planeguarded for in early August, continuing her screening and escort duties with TG-30 — the replenishment group for the 3rd Fleet. She was at sea when the atomic bombs were dropped upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August, respectively, and when Japan surrendered on the 15th. "Willmarth" remained on escort duty off the coast of Japan into September. In mid-September, the ship

This is a document about Environmental impact of war
 nine seconds at the bombing in Hiroshima. Three days after the bombing in Hiroshima, United States of America dropped a second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, Japan with the same devastating outcomes. The nuclear weapon released a catastrophic load of energy. The temperature once the bombs were blasted reached about 7200°F. With temperature that high, all the flora and fauna are destroyed along with the infrastructure and human life in the impact zone. When the atomic bomb was dropped, it released enormous quantity of energy and radioactive particles. The radioactive particles released contaminated the land and water for miles. The initial

This is a document about Military history of Japan
 1945, the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. An estimated 150,000–246,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings, during which the Soviet Union entered the war against Japan. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, and a formal Instrument of Surrender was signed on September 2, 1945, on the battleship USS "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu, by General Douglas MacArthur, as Supreme Allied Commander, along with representatives of each Allied nation. A separate surrender ceremony between Japan and China was held in Nanking on

This is a document about USS Stickleback (SS-415)
 arrived at Guam, where she held sea trials for a few more days. She began her first war patrol on 6 August when she departed for the Sea of Japan. She arrived there the following week and began patrolling. However, the atomic bombs had been dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and it was believed the war would end shortly. "Stickleback" had only been in the patrol area for two days when the cease-fire order was passed. She remained in the area and, on 21 August, sighted two bamboo rafts containing 19 survivors of a freighter which had been sunk ten

This is a document about Potsdam Conference
 a declaration that the Empire of Japan should ignore the ultimatum. Then the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August 1945. The justification was that both cities were legitimate military targets, to end the war swiftly, and to preserve American lives. When Truman informed Stalin of the atomic bomb, he said that the United States "had a new weapon of unusual destructive force", but Stalin had full knowledge of the atomic bomb's development due to Soviet spy networks inside the Manhattan Project, and he told Truman at the conference to "make good

This is a document about HMS Victorious (R38)
 "Victorious" located the Japanese escort carrier "Kaiyo" at Beppu Bay in Kyūshū and attacked her, inflicting serious damage that kept the ship out of the remainder of the war. In the main, however, British aircraft were excluded from the actions against the major Japanese naval bases; the Americans, for political reasons, preferred to reserve these targets for themselves. The two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August, respectively, and Japan surrendered on 15 August. By the time of the surrender, the outcome of the war was clear and "Victorious" left for Manus with Task

This is a document about Strategic bomber
 square miles destroyed. The air raids on Japan had withered the nation's ability to continue fighting, although the Japanese government delayed surrender, resulting the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. During the Cold War, the United States and United Kingdom on one side and the Soviet Union on the other kept strategic bombers ready to take off on short notice as part of the deterrent strategy of mutual assured destruction (MAD). Most strategic bombers of the two superpowers were designed to deliver nuclear weapons. For a time, some squadrons of Boeing B-52 Stratofortress bombers were kept

This is a document about Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 bombings point to many of these kinds of structures which were destroyed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, the Hague Conventions also stated that for the destruction of the enemy's property to be justified, it must be "imperatively demanded by the necessities of war". Because of the inaccuracy of heavy bombers in World War II, it was not practical to target military assets in cities without damage to civilian targets. Even after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, no international treaty banning or condemning nuclear warfare has ever been ratified. The closest example is a resolution by the UN General

This is a document about Nguyễn Chí Thiện
 the United States defeated Japan when they dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was sentenced to two years imprisonment, and served three years and six months in re-education camps. Thien began composing poems in prison and committed them to memory. After a brief release in 1966, he was jailed again for composing politically irreverent poems. He denied the charges, and spent another eleven years and five months in labor camps. In 1977, two years after Saigon fell, Thien and other political prisoners were released to make room for officers of the Republic of Vietnam. Thien used the

This is a document about Battle of North Borneo
 end. Following the capture of Papar, the Australians ceased offensive actions on Borneo and the situation remained largely static until a ceasefire came into effect in mid August. In early August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and on 15 August the Japanese Emperor, Hirohito, effectively announced an end to hostilities, with the formal surrender being signed on 2 September 1945. As a result of the ceasefire, the planned Allied invasion of Japan was no longer required and as a result, the strategic gains provided by the capture of North Borneo were arguably negated. To some

The two atomic bombs were dropped in Japan on the cities of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.


Question: where does the name kaiser permanente come from

Answer: Permanente Medical Groups

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 Kaiser Permanente Kaiser Permanente (; KP) is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield. Kaiser Permanente is made up of three distinct but interdependent groups of entities: the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) and its regional operating subsidiaries; Kaiser Foundation Hospitals; and the regional Permanente Medical Groups. As of 2017, Kaiser Permanente operates in eight states (Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, California, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia) and the District of Columbia, and is the largest managed care organization in the United States. As of

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 Washington and Hawaii, and outpatient facilities in the remaining Kaiser Permanente regions. The hospital foundations are not-for-profit and rely on the Kaiser Foundation Health Plans for funding. They also provide infrastructure and facilities that benefit the for-profit medical groups. Kaiser Permanente is administered through eight regions, including one parent and six subordinate health plan entities, one hospital entity, and nine separate, affiliated medical groups: In addition to the regional entities, in 1996, the then-twelve Permanente Medical Groups created The Permanente Federation, a separate entity, which focuses on standardizing patient care and performance under one name and system of policies. Around

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 the same time, The Permanente Company was also chartered as a vehicle to provide investment opportunities for the for-profit Permanente Medical Groups. One of the ventures of the Permanente Company is Kaiser Permanente Ventures, a venture capital firm that invests in emerging medical technologies. The history of Kaiser Permanente dates to 1933 and a tiny hospital in the town of Desert Center, California. At that time, Henry J. Kaiser and several other large construction contractors had formed an insurance consortium called Industrial Indemnity to meet their workers' compensation obligations. Dr. Sidney Garfield had just finished his residency at Los Angeles

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 over the size of its cash reserves. Kaiser Permanente provides care throughout eight regions in the United States. Two or three (four, in the case of California) distinct but interdependent legal entities form the Kaiser system within each region. This structure was adopted by Kaiser Permanente physicians and leaders in 1955. Each entity of Kaiser Permanente has its own management and governance structure, although all of the structures are interdependent and cooperative to a great extent. There are multiple affiliated non-profits registered with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. According to Form 990 governance questions, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and Kaiser Foundation

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 October 2017, Kaiser Permanente had 11.7 million health plan members, 208,975 employees, 21,275 physicians, 54,072 nurses, 39 medical centers, and 720 medical facilities. As of December 31, 2017, the non-profit Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Kaiser Foundation Hospitals entities reported a combined $3.8 billion in net income on $72.7 billion in operating revenues. Each Permanente Medical Group operates as a separate for-profit partnership or professional corporation in its individual territory, and while none publicly reports its financial results, each is primarily funded by reimbursements from its respective regional Kaiser Foundation Health Plan entity. KFHP is one of the largest not-for-profit

This is a document about Oakland Medical Center
 Oakland Medical Center Oakland Medical Center, also known as Kaiser Oakland, is a hospital located in Oakland, California, United States, at the intersection of MacArthur Boulevard and Broadway, immediately above downtown Oakland. It is the flagship hospital of Kaiser Permanente, the largest managed care organization in the United States, through its Kaiser Foundation Hospitals division. The Oakland Medical Center was the first of the Kaiser Permanente hospitals, and opened in 1942 as a result of the acquisition of the Fabiola charity hospital (which operated from 1887-1932 before being sold to Samuel Merritt Hospital) by the Permanente Foundation, founded by industrialist

This is a document about Oakland Medical Center
 medical facility is undergoing "tough" and "turbulent" times. Oakland Medical Center Oakland Medical Center, also known as Kaiser Oakland, is a hospital located in Oakland, California, United States, at the intersection of MacArthur Boulevard and Broadway, immediately above downtown Oakland. It is the flagship hospital of Kaiser Permanente, the largest managed care organization in the United States, through its Kaiser Foundation Hospitals division. The Oakland Medical Center was the first of the Kaiser Permanente hospitals, and opened in 1942 as a result of the acquisition of the Fabiola charity hospital (which operated from 1887-1932 before being sold to Samuel Merritt

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  to it, and it is the direct ancestor of today's Kaiser Permanente. On March 1, 1942, Sidney R. Garfield & Associates opened its offices in Oakland to provide care to 20,000 workers, followed by the opening of the Permanente Health Plan on June 1. From the beginning, Kaiser Permanente strongly supported preventive medicine and attempted to educate its members about maintaining their own health. In July, the Permanente Foundation formed to operate Northern California hospitals that would be linked to the outpatient health plans, followed shortly thereafter by the creation of Northern Permanente Foundation for Oregon and Washington and Southern Permanente Foundation for California. The name Permanente came from Permanente Creek, which flowed past Henry Kaiser's Kaiser Permanente Cement Plant on Black

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  The history of Kaiser Permanente dates to 1933 and a tiny hospital in the town of Desert Center, California. At that time, Henry J. Kaiser and several other large construction contractors had formed an insurance consortium called Industrial Indemnity to meet their workers' compensation obligations. Sidney Garfield had just finished his residency at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center at a time when jobs were scarce; he was able to secure a contract with Industrial Indemnity to care for 5,000 construction workers building the Colorado River Aqueduct in the Mojave Desert. Soon enough, Garfield's new hospital was in a precarious financial state (with mounting debt and the staff of three going unpaid),

This is a document about Oakland, California
  Originating in Oakland, Kaiser Permanente is an HMO started in 1942, during World War II, by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser to provide medical care for Kaiser Shipyards workers. It is the largest managed care organization in the United States and the largest non-governmental health care provider in the world. It is headquartered at One Kaiser Plaza in Downtown Oakland and maintains a large medical center in the Piedmont Avenue neighborhood. Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, an East Bay hospital system, maintains its Summit Campus in the neighborhood known as "Pill Hill" north of downtown. Until 2000, it was the Summit Medical Center before merging with Berkeley-based Alta Bates. All

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  Kaiser Permanente (KP), commonly known simply as Kaiser, is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield. Kaiser Permanente is made up of three distinct but interdependent groups of entities: the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP) and its regional operating subsidiaries; Kaiser Foundation Hospitals; and the regional Permanente Medical Groups. As of 2017, Kaiser Permanente operates in eight states (Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, California, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia) and the District of Columbia, and is the largest managed care organization in the United States. Kaiser Permanente is one of the largest nonprofit healthcare plans in the United States, with over 12 million members. It operates 39 hospitals and more than 700 medical offices, with over 300,000 personnel, including more than 80,000 physicians and nurses. Each Permanente Medical Group operates as

This is a document about List of Georgia (U.S. state) companies
 Kaiser Permanente

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  in Cupertino, California. Kaiser's first wife, Bess Fosburgh, liked the name. An abandoned Oakland facility was modernized as the 170-bed Permanente Hospital opened on August 1, 1942. Three weeks later, the 71-bed Richmond Field Hospital opened. Six first aid stations were set up in the shipyards to treat industrial accidents and minor illness. Each first aid station had an ambulance ready to rush patients to the surgical field hospital if required. Stabilized patients could be moved to the larger hospital for recuperative care. The Northern Permanente Hospital opened two weeks later to serve workers at the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington. Shipyard workers paid seven cents per day for comprehensive health care coverage, and within a year, the shipyard health plan

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  In 1943, Henry J. Kaiser and Dr. Sidney R. Garfield opened a 50-bed hospital, housing six physicians for the 3000 employees and their families at the new Kaiser Steel Mill in Fontana, California, offering a pre-paid health care plan for $0.60/week for adults, and $0.30/week for children. In 1945, the Kaiser Permanente health plan was opened to the public. In 1948, Kaiser established the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (also known as Kaiser Family Foundation), a U.S.-based nonprofit, private operating foundation focusing on the major health care issues facing the nation. The Foundation, not associated with Kaiser Permanente or Kaiser Industries, is an independent voice and

This is a document about Henry J. Kaiser
  well-equipped First Aid Stations at the shipyards and the main Permanente Hospital in Oakland, where the most critical cases were treated. By August 1944, 92.2% of all Richmond shipyard employees had joined Kaiser Permanente, the first voluntary group plan in the country to feature group medical practice, prepayment, and substantial medical facilities on such a large scale. After the war, the Health Plan was expanded to include workers' families. To serve employees at his diverse businesses, Kaiser opened Permanente facilities in Walnut Creek, California, in Hawaii, in Southern California, and eventually in many other locations. Since then, locations have opened in Dublin, California; Livermore, California; Pleasanton, California; Martinez, California; Santa Clara, California; and Antioch, California.

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
  Kaiser Permanente provides care throughout eight regions in the United States. Two or three (four, in the case of California) distinct but interdependent legal entities form the Kaiser system within each region. This structure was adopted by Kaiser Permanente physicians and leaders in 1955.

This is a document about Permanente Creek
  a diseño of Rancho San Antonio in 1839 Permanente Creek is shown as Arroyo Permanente. Mesa had been a soldier at the Presidio of San Francisco since 1828, served as a corporal in the Santa Clara Guard, and had won fame as a soldier and Indian fighter. Mesa died in 1845. Permanente Creek is also the namesake for Kaiser Permanente. Bess Kaiser and her spouse, industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, had a lodge on the creek's headwaters above the large Permanente Quarry and Cement Plant, and, in 1945, Bess felt that the name of their attractive and dependable stream would be a good name for their medical program at the shipyards. That medical program became Kaiser Permanente.

This is a document about Sidney Garfield
  for the Kaiser Shipyards, financed by the United States Maritime Commission, opened on August 10, 1942. It was sponsored by Henry J. Kaiser's Permanente Foundation and Garfield was the Medical Director. The field hospital served as the mid-level component of a three-tier medical care system that also included six well-equipped first aid stations at the individual shipyards, and the main Kaiser Permanente hospital in Oakland, California, where the most critical cases were treated. Together, these facilities served the employees of the Kaiser shipyards who had signed up for the Permanente Health Plan (commonly referred to as the "Kaiser Plan"), one of the country's first voluntary

This is a document about Kaiser Permanente
 Kaiser Foundation Health Plans (KFHP) work with employers, employees, and individual members to offer prepaid health plans and insurance. The health plans are not-for-profit and provide infrastructure for and invest in Kaiser Foundation Hospitals and provide a tax-exempt shelter for the for-profit medical groups. ; Permanente Medical Groups are physician-owned organizations, which provide and arrange for medical care for Kaiser Foundation Health Plan members in each respective region. The medical groups are for-profit partnerships or professional corporations and receive nearly all of their funding from Kaiser Foundation Health Plans. The first medical group, The Permanente Medical Group (TPMG), formed in 1948 in Northern California. Permanente physicians become stockholders in TPMG after three years at the company. As of 2021, Kaiser

The name "Kaiser Permanente" comes from the two entities that founded the organization: Henry J. Kaiser, an industrialist, and Sidney R. Garfield, a physician. The name "Permanente" refers to the Permanente Medical Group, which was formed in 1942 to standardize patient care and performance of one system of care under one name.


Question: when can a player be substituted in soccer

Answer: during a stoppage in play

This is a document about Substitute (association football)
 five in 1996, and it was announced that the number available on the bench would be seven for the 2008–09 season. According to the Laws of the Game (2018/19): A player may only be substituted during a stoppage in play and with the permission of the referee. The player to be substituted (outgoing player) must have left the field of play before the substitute (incoming player) may enter the field of play; at that point the substitute becomes a player and the person substituted ceases to be a player. The incoming player may only enter the field at the half-way

This is a document about Substitute (association football)
  In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing poorly, or for tactical reasons (such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender). Unlike some sports (such as American football, ice hockey or kabaddi), but like in baseball, a player who has been substituted during a match takes no further part in it. Most competitions only allow each team to make a maximum of three substitutions during a game and a fourth substitute during extra time, although more substitutions are often permitted in non-competitive fixtures such as friendlies. A fourth substitution in extra time was first implemented in recent tournaments, including the 2016 Summer Olympics, the

This is a document about AFL SuperCoach
  You can substitute a player at anytime till lockout. If the player is midfield, the player can only be substituted on from a player on the bench from the midfield. If you have a player listed as midfield and forward, they can be swapped with another player listed as midfield and forward.

This is a document about 2017 Liga 1 (Indonesia)
  FIFA approved the five substitution rule on 12 April 2017. However, the two additional substitutions (in addition of three substitutions, in accordance to FIFA Laws of the Game) were only allowed for U-23 players.

This is a document about Free substitution
 Association football: In association football, only a limited number of substitutions are allowed (usually three, per IFAB rules).  Players may only be substituted during a stoppage in play.  Players who leave the game may not return, and if a team runs out of substitutions and loses a player, they must play the rest of the game short handed. A fourth substitution during extra time was allowed during the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. However, at many amateur levels, free unlimited substitution is allowed when the ball goes out of play. ; Baseball and softball: In most leagues, as with association football, a player who is substituted for may not return to the game. Baseball does not have an explicit

This is a document about Substitute (association football)
 In national A team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may be used. ; In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided that: ; the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number; ; the referee is informed before the match. ; If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.  Substitutions are governed under Law 3 of the Laws of the Game in the (3) Substitution Procedure section. A player can only be substituted during a stoppage in play and with the permission of

This is a document about Substitution (sport)
  In team sports, substitution (or interchange) is replacing one player with another during a match. Substitute players that are not in the starting lineup (also known as bench players, backups, interchange, or reserves) reside on the bench and are available to substitute for a starter. Later in the match, that substitute may be substituted for by another substitute or by a starter who is currently on the bench. Some sports have restrictions on substituting or interchanging players whereas others do not. Australian Rules Football, American Football, ice hockey, and basketball are examples of sports which practice "unlimited" substitutions, albeit subject to certain rules. Substitution is unlimited during play in australian rules and ice hockey. In basketball, substitution is permitted only during stoppages of play, but is otherwise unlimited. In baseball and association football (soccer), substitution is permitted only during stoppages of play, and a player who has been substituted out of a game usually cannot re-enter it. In motorsports, a substitution behind the wheel goes by the term "relief driver."

This is a document about Association football tactics
  In FIFA competitive 11-a-side matches, teams are allowed to make up to five substitutions during the game. The rules of the competition state that all players and substitutes be named before kick-off and anyone not named in the starting lineup who takes to the field of play is considered a substitution. In non-competitive matches, the use of substitutes must be determined before the match begins, except in friendly international matches, where no more than six substitutes may be brought on. The most tired players are generally substituted, but only if their substitutes are well trained to fill in the same role, or if the formation is transformed at the same time to accommodate for the substitution. Coaches often refrain from substituting defensive players in order not to disrupt the defensive posture of the

This is a document about Free substitution
  on the substitution line anytime during the game. However, junior handball competitions by some countries' governing bodies allow substitutions only when in ball possession or during timeouts. ; Ice hockey. Players can be substituted for at any point in the game, even when the puck is in play. There are two exceptions: first, if a team ices the puck they may not make any changes until after the ensuing faceoff. Second, in the event a goaltender leaves the ice in favor of a sixth skater at any time during play, the goal must remain empty until the next stoppage of play. Almost all professional hockey teams use up to four lines of forwards and three pairings of defensemen in rotation during any given game.

This is a document about Rugby union
  During the match, players may be replaced (for injury) or substituted (for tactical reasons). A player who has been replaced may not rejoin play unless he was temporarily replaced to have bleeding controlled; a player who has been substituted may return temporarily, to replace a player who has a blood injury or has suffered a concussion, or permanently, if he is replacing a front-row forward. In international matches, eight replacements are allowed; in domestic or cross-border tournaments, at the discretion of the responsible national union(s), the number of replacements may be nominated to a maximum of eight, of whom three must be sufficiently trained and experienced to provide cover for the three front row positions. Prior to 2016, all substitutions, no matter the cause, counted against the limit during a match. In 2016, World Rugby changed the law so that substitutions made to replace a player deemed unable to continue due to foul play by the opposition would no longer count against the match limit. This change was introduced in January of that year in the Southern Hemisphere and June in the Northern Hemisphere.

This is a document about Comparison of association football and futsal
  Although in both sports, the referee has discretion over which players can or cannot come into the pitch, but in futsal substitutions can happen during play provided that players come on and off the pitch simultaneously and through a designated area. In association football, players must wait until a stoppage in play to enter the pitch, and then only after the referee has been advised of the substitution. Although there are many variations, at the highest levels of competition, generally three substitutions are allowed per side during a match.

This is a document about Substitute (association football)
  in 1994, to three in 1995; and most recently to a fourth substitute in certain competitions (starting from UEFA Euro 2016) in extra time. In 2020, following a proposal from FIFA, the International Football Association Board allowed for competition organisers to temporarily allow for a maximum of five substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable) to be made in official matches for the remainder of the year in order to lessen the impact of fixture congestion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there will only be three opportunities to make substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable), excluding those made at half-time, before the start of extra time and at half-time in extra time.

This is a document about Substitute (cricket)
  A substitute can act for the injured or ill player in the field, although they may not bowl, bat or act as captain, unless otherwise agreed by the captains. A player may bat, bowl and field even if he has had a substitute for part of the game, though they need to wait for a period equal to their time off the field until they bat or bowl again. Substitutes are generally not listed in the official squad list, unless they were in the starting XI for other games in the wider squad.

This is a document about National Dodgeball League rules
  Substitutions must be made prior to the start of the game. No substitutions can be made during a game, except in cases of injury.

This is a document about Futsal
  by a free kick or a penalty kick and using offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures. A player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the field. A substitute player is permitted to come on two minutes after a teammate has been sent off, unless a goal is scored before the end of the two minutes. If a team with more players scores against a team with fewer players, another player can be added to the team with an inferior number of players. If the teams are equal when the goal is scored or if the team with fewer players scores, both teams remain with the same number of players.

This is a document about Rules of water polo
  A substitute can enter the pool from any place during the intervals between quarters, after a goal has been scored, during a timeout and to replace an injured player; but not after a penalty. If a substitution is made during play, the head of the player leaving should be visible in the re-entry area, before the player entering the pool can go under the rope. Neither can lift the rope.

This is a document about Substitute (association football)
  FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup final. A fourth substitute in extra time has been approved for use in the elimination rounds at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. Each team nominates a number of players (typically between five and seven, depending on the competition) who may be used as substitutes; these players typically sit in the technical area with the coaches, and are said to be "on the bench". When the substitute enters the field of play it is said they have come on or have been brought on, while the player they are substituting for is coming off, or being brought off or substituted. A player who is noted for frequently making appearances, or scoring important goals, as a substitute is often informally known as a "super sub".

This is a document about Australian rules football positions
  a substitution for an injured or out of form player; the player substituted out of the game could take no further part. Since the 1970s, interchange has increased from two to three to four players, and substitutions may be made as often as the coach wishes, with players allowed to be moved onto and off from the ground for several rests during the game. The four players named on the interchange bench in the teamsheet (which is submitted ninety minutes before the commencement of the game) must actually start on the bench, however they may be substituted immediately if the coach wishes.

This is a document about Ringball
  unable to continue play, a substitute may immediately take up his place. A disqualified player may not be substituted. 6.	If the injured player only receives treatment and wants to return to continue play, no substitution player may take his position. Play continues with his team consisting of eight (8) players until he is ready to return to his position to continue play. 7.	In the event of all three (3) substitutes already participating any of the original players may return to the game. An injured player, if sufficiently recovered, may return at own risk. No new substitutes may be used.

A player can be substituted in soccer during a stoppage in play with the permission of the referee. The outgoing player must have left the field of play before the incoming player enters. Substitutions are allowed in most competitions, including the English Premier League, but the number of substitutions permitted varies. For example, in the English Premier League, each team is allowed to make four substitutions during a match, with a fifth substitution only allowed in extra time. In the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup, three substitutions were allowed, with two additional substitutions permitted for