Question: who prayed for saul to regain his sight

Answer: Ananias

This is a document about Ananias of Damascus
 that dwelt in Damascus (). According to F. F. Bruce, this indicates that he was not one of the refugees from the persecution in Jerusalem described in . During his conversion experience, Jesus had told Paul (who was then called Saul) to go into the city and wait. Jesus later spoke to Ananias in a vision, and told him to go to the "street which is called Straight", and ask "in the house of Judas for "one" called Saul, of Tarsus". () Ananias objected that Saul had been persecuting "thy saints", but the Lord told him that Saul was "a

This is a document about Paul, Apostle of Christ
 Christians throughout the Holy Land until the day he rode for Damascus with his brethren. He became blinded by God and heard His voice asking why Saul persecuted Him. This event along with Saul's meeting Ananias, a disciple of Christ, humbles Saul so deeply that he repents of his actions. Ananias restores Saul's sight and baptizes him in the name of the Lord, which leads to Saul rejecting his former name and becoming Paul. Mauritius, having heard about Paul's reputation as a preacher and miracle worker, speaks with Paul and relays his concerns that his daughter is dying. Paul suggests

This is a document about Paul the Apostle
 he was a Roman citizen. As a Roman citizen, he also bore the Latin name of "Paul"—in biblical Greek: Παῦλος ("Paulos"), and in Latin: Paulus. It was typical for the Jews of that time to have two names, one Hebrew, the other Latin or Greek. Jesus called him "Saul, Saul" in "the Hebrew tongue" in the book of Acts, when he had the vision which led to his conversion on the Road to Damascus. Later, in a vision to Ananias of Damascus, "the Lord" referred to him as "Saul, of Tarsus". When Ananias came to restore his sight, he called

This is a document about Paul the Apostle
 Ananias of Damascus arrived, he laid his hands on him and said: "Brother Saul, the Lord, "[even]" Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost." His sight was restored, he got up and was baptized. This story occurs only in Acts, not in the Pauline epistles. The author of Acts of the Apostles may have learned of Paul's conversion from the church in Jerusalem, or from the church in Antioch, or possibly from Paul himself. In the opening verses of ,

This is a document about Conversion of Paul the Apostle
 Acts says that Paul was on his way from Jerusalem to Syrian Damascus with a mandate issued by the High Priest to seek out and arrest followers of Jesus, with the intention of returning them to Jerusalem as prisoners for questioning and possible execution. The journey is interrupted when Paul sees a blinding light, and communicates directly with a divine voice. The account continues with a description of Ananias of Damascus receiving a divine revelation instructing him to visit Saul at the house of Judas on the Street Called Straight and there lay hands on him to restore his sight

This is a document about Acts 9
  Just like the story of Cornelius, there were two visions involved in Saul's story, 'each confirming the other'. While Saul was blinded from his vision and in chastened state ('he is praying', verse 11), Ananias, who was a resident of Damascus (verse 13) and a disciple of Christ (verse 10), received instructions with precise directions to Saul's address (verse 11; the 'street called Straight' is still shown in the Old City of Damascus). It also contains 'a divine commission' (in distinctly Pauline language) highlighting the contrast between Saul's dark past and God's 'elective grace' (verse 15: cf. 1 Corinthians 15:9–10; Romans 9:23) for Saul's future career, as prophetically outlined in verses 15–16. Ananias was initially reluctant and argued with 'the Lord' (cf. Moses in Exodus 3:11–4:17), but he obediently followed the instructions with generous response (verse 17) to lay hands (primarily for healing) and to baptize Saul (verse 18).

This is a document about Paul the Apostle
  you persecute me?' He asked, 'Who are you, Lord?' The reply came, 'I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting'."  According to the account in Acts 9:1-22, he was blinded for three days and had to be led into Damascus by the hand. During these three days, Saul took no food or water and spent his time in prayer to God. When Ananias of Damascus arrived, he laid his hands on him and said: "Brother Saul, the Lord, [even] Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost." His sight was restored, he got

This is a document about Paul, Apostle of Christ
  and witnessed the martyrdom of Stephen at their hands for professing faith in Jesus Christ. This event made Saul vow to destroy all Christians throughout the world until the day he rode for Damascus with his brethren. He became blinded by God and heard His voice asking why Saul persecuted Him. This event along with Saul's meeting Ananias, a disciple of Christ, humbled Saul so deeply that he repented of his actions. Ananias restored Saul's sight and baptized him in the name of the Lord, which led to Saul rejecting his former name and becoming Paul. The Christian community continues to suffer losses, and Cassius, who lost a

This is a document about Cultural depictions of blindness
  as the wife of Jeroboam, and tells her that the child will die. ; In the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, Tobit loses his sight when sparrow droppings fall into his eyes. He becomes dependent on his wife, and prays for death, but God sends the angel Raphael in answer to his prayers. Raphael shows Tobit's son, Tobias, how to use the gall of a fish to cure blindness; Tobias anoints his father's eyes with the gall, and he is healed. ; In the Christian New Testament, Jesus performs a miraculous healing of the blind on several occasions: ; All three synoptic gospels give an account of

This is a document about Cultural depictions of blindness
  healing the blind near Jericho. In each of these stories, a blind beggar hears that Jesus is passing by, and cries out "Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me". The crowd rebukes the beggar, but Jesus calls him forward and heals him with a word, or by touching his eyes. ; In another story in the Gospel of Mark, Jesus heals a blind man of Bethsaida by rubbing spittle into his eyes. After the first application, his vision is still imperfect, but when Jesus places his hands over the man's eyes a second time, his sight is completely restored. ; In the Gospel of John,

This is a document about Saul (Alfieri)
  Saul, a brave warrior, was crowned king of Israel at the request of the people and consecrated by the priest Samuel, who anointed him in the name of God. Over time, however, Saul turned away from God and ended up doing various acts of impiety. Then Samuel, by order of God, consecrated a humble shepherd as king: David. He was called to the court of Saul to appease the king's soul with his song, and there he succeeded in obtaining the friendship of Jonathan, son of the king, and the hand of the young daughter of Saul, Micol. However, David generated a strong envy in the king, who saw in him a usurper and at the same time saw his past youth in it. David was persecuted by

This is a document about Hezekiah
  Yalḳ., II Kings, 243, it is said that Hezekiah prayed for illness and for recovery in order that he might be warned and be able to repent of his sins. He was thus the first who recovered from illness. But in his prayer he was rather arrogant, praising himself; and this resulted in the banishment of his descendants. R. Levi said that Hezekiah's words, "and I have done what is good in thy eyes" (II Kings xx. 3), refer to his concealing a book of healing. According to the Talmudists, Hezekiah did six things, of which three agreed with the dicta of the Rabbis and three disagreed therewith. The

This is a document about Sinner's prayer
  arguing that texts employed to support baptismal regeneration are actually totally consistent with justification by faith alone. Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Orthodox churches also teach that forgiveness is received in baptism (although they practice this in the "Christening" with water of infants or adult converts). A leading Roman Catholic authority defines "baptism" in the following fashion: Evidence presented to advocate baptism being necessary for salvation includes the conversion of Saul of Tarsus (the Apostle Paul). After Christ had told Saul to enter Damascus where Saul would be told what he "must" do, Saul was blind for three days and was praying during this

This is a document about Canonical hours
  crippled beggar described in Acts of the Apostles 3:1, took place as Peter and John went to the Temple for the three o’clock hour of prayer. The practice of daily prayers grew from the Jewish practice of reciting prayers at set times of the day known as zmanim: for example, in the Acts of the Apostles, Saint Peter and John the Evangelist visit the Temple in Jerusalem for the afternoon prayers. Psalm 119:164 states: "Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous laws" (of this, Symeon of Thessalonica writes that "the times of prayer and the services are seven in number, like the number

This is a document about Conversion to Christianity
  for you and your children and for all who are far off—for all whom the Lord our God will call.” Another dramatic conversion to Christianity occurred in the life of the Apostle Paul whose formal name had been Saul of Tarsus. He was a zealot for the cause of Second Temple Judaism who had been "breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord". While traveling to Damascus to arrest Jewish Christians, he fell to the ground upon being surrounded by a bright light "from heaven". He heard a voice accusing him: "Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?" The experience rendered him temporarily blind. The voice directed him to go on to

This is a document about Ananias of Damascus
  During his conversion experience, Jesus had told Paul (who was then called Saul) to go into the city and wait. Jesus later spoke to Ananias in a vision, and told him to go to the "street which is called Straight", and ask "in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus". Ananias objected that Saul had been persecuting "thy saints", but the Lord told him that Saul was "a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel". . When Ananias went in to Saul and laid his hands on him, the "scales" of dead tissue on the surface of his eyes fell off, and he looked up at Ananias. After additional instruction, Saul was baptized.

This is a document about The Digby Conversion of Saint Paul
  him to enter Damascus. When the visitation is over Saul finds that he is blind and lame. God also visits Ananias, an inhabitant of Damascus, and tells him to go and cure Saul, assuring him that from now on Saul will advance, rather than persecute, Christianity. As Ananias visits Saul the Holy Spirit appears above them, and Saul is healed and baptised. In the third station Saul's knights have returned to Jerusalem, where they tell an angry Caypha and Anna of Paul's conversion to and preaching of Christianity. At this point three leaves have been inserted in a different hand. They make

This is a document about Baba ben Buta
  in the Babylonian Talmud, Baba ben Buta was the only teacher of the Law who was spared by Herod. According to this tradition it was Baba ben Buta, deprived of his eyesight by Herod, who advised Herod to rebuild the Temple in expiation of his great crimes. The following conversation between the king and the blind teacher, with its aggadic embellishments, forms the principal part of this tradition, and is considered likely to have some historical foundation: "'One day Herod came to visit the blind teacher and, sitting down before him, said, 'See how this wicked slave [Herod] acts.' Said he [Baba] to him, 'What

This is a document about Healing the two blind men in Galilee
  According to the Gospel account, as Jesus continues his journey after raising the daughter of Jairus, two blind men follow him, calling out, "Have mercy on us, Son of David!" When he had gone indoors, the blind men come to him, and he asks : "Do you believe that I am able to do this?" They reply, "Yes, Lord". He then touches their eyes, and says, "According to your faith let it be done to you"; and their sight is restored. He warns them sternly, to tell nobody, but they go and spread the news of the healing 'throughout that district'.

This is a document about 1 Samuel 11
 And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men of Israel rejoiced greatly. ; "And there they made Saul king": The Septuagint reads, "and Samuel anointed Saul king there," which is not improbable, as later David also had his original anointing by Samuel in front of his family (1 Samuel 16:12-13, then was twice publicly anointed, first as king of Judah (2 Samuel 2:4), and again as king over all Israel (2 Samuel 5:3), but this may be included in the word "made king" in Masoretic Text (see 1 Samuel 12:3, 1 Samuel 12:5). Josephus records that it was Samuel who suggested the second ordination in Gilgal and anointed Saul there with the 'holy oil'.

Ananias of Damascus prayed for Saul to regain his sight after Saul's encounter with the Lord on the road to Damascus.


Question: what season is the plane crash greys anatomy

Answer: the eighth season

This is a document about Flight (Grey's Anatomy)
 Flight (Grey's Anatomy) "Flight" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama "Grey's Anatomy", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, six doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy
 careers. However, all plans are put on hold when several doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital are engaged in a plane crash, which kills Lexie and endangers Meredith, Shepherd, Yang, Robbins, and Sloan. At the conclusion of the eighth season, Altman is courteously fired by Hunt as she struggles to decide whether or not to take the job as Chief at the United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). In the season nine premiere, Sloan dies due to sustained injuries from the plane crash following a brief relapse of temporary health (the surge) and the remaining characters work through their

This is a document about One Flight Down (Grey's Anatomy)
  "One Flight Down" is the twentieth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and is the 240th episode overall. It aired on April 16, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written Austin Guzman and directed by David Greenspan (filmmaker). The episode features a plane crash in Seattle bringing patients to Grey Sloan Memorial and old memories of the season 8's tragic plane crash that claimed the lives of Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) and Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) back to Meredith Grey, Arizona Robbins, Derek Shepherd and Cristina Yang.

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 17)
  as part of Williams' departure. Grey's Anatomy centers around the professional and personal lives of a group of medical professionals that work at the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. Nearly every main storyline in the season centered around the COVID-19 pandemic with a number of plot points also connecting to spin-off series Station 19 through fictional crossover events. The season primarily received mixed reviews from critics and remained ABC's most-watched scripted series even though viewing figures dropped significantly from the previous season. The season eventually concluded on June 3, 2021. Despite initial uncertainty from the cast, crew, and the network, the series was eventually renewed for an eighteenth season.

This is a document about Flight (Grey's Anatomy)
  "Flight" is the twenty-fourth episode and the season finale of the eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, 6 doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) plans his annual dinner for the departing residents, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) fires Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), and Dr. Miranda Bailey       (Chandra Wilson) gets engaged to Dr. Ben Warren (Jason George).

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 11)
  The eleventh season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 25, 2014 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and consists of 25 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Stacy McKee and William Harper. The season commenced airing with the episode "I Must Have Lost It On The Wind" and concluded with the season finale "You're My Home" airing on May 14, 2015. The season was officially released on DVD as a 6-disc boxset under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Eleventh Season – Life Changes on August 18, 2015 by Buena

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy
  terms of advertising in the 2007–08 season; in 2017, it was ranked tenth on the list. In its fifteenth season, Grey's Anatomy ranked as ABC's highest-rated drama. As of February 28, 2019, it was the longest-running American primetime medical drama series. On May 10, 2019, the series was renewed for a 16th and 17th season. The 16th season premiered on September 26, 2019. The 17th season premiered on November 12, 2020, about two months later than usual, due to production delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 10, 2021, the series was renewed for an 18th season, with Pompeo, Wilson, and Pickens all returning. The 18th season premiered on September 30, 2021.

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 17)
  The seventeenth season of the American medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy was ordered in May 2019, by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), as part of a double renewal with the sixteenth season. Shortly after, Krista Vernoff signed an agreement to continue serving as the showrunner of the series. Filming on the series began in September 2020 while the season did not premiere until November 12, 2020, both dates being delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, for the 2020–2021 broadcast television season. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television only allowed seventeen episodes to be produced, the fewest of any season since the fourth season. Numerous safety

This is a document about Heute-show
  a summer break, the second one begins at the end of summer and ends in December usually with a review of the year's events. From the eleventh season on the show aired from a new and redesigned studio. Sometimes the show was not aired due to recent events interfering with it (e.g. on 24 March 2015 when the Germanwings flight 9525 crashed in the Alps or on 13 November 2013 during the 2013 Paris attacks). The shows popularity gradually increased and the TV ratings are generally high. In 2017 the show was produced and aired in High-definition for the first time, which in comparison to other TV-shows happened quite late. The current season (season 22) started on 11 September 2020.

This is a document about One Flight Down (Grey's Anatomy)
  A plane crash in downtown Seattle brings a crop of new patients to Grey Sloan Memorial and old memories back to Meredith, Arizona, and Owen. Meredith tries to make it through the day without freaking out about not knowing where Derek is; Bailey gives her a 5:00 time frame for freaking out. No freaking out until 5:00 pm. Alex sticks close to Arizona to make sure that she's okay, but she finds him more annoying than helpful. Alex tells Arizona that it was he who cut off her leg, not Callie. When asked, Callie tells Arizona that she was the one to make the call anyway, and she wanted her to have Alex and just be mad at her alone. Owen and Amelia's separation becomes exacerbated when he's reminded of how he “failed his men” when he hired the service of the plane that went down with his doctors on it. Stephanie, who's obsessed with finding love, is determined to make her patient remember the pilot with whom she fell in love. The clock finally strikes 5:00 pm, but when Meredith goes to the phone to call Derek, she sees lights from a cop car pulling in her driveway.

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 9)
  The ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy began airing in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2012, with the season premiere "Going, Going, Gone" and consists of 24 episodes with the season finale "Perfect Storm" airing on May 16, 2013. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Tony Phelan and Joan Rater. The season was officially released on DVD as a 6-disc box-set under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season - Everything Changes on August 27, 2013 by Buena

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 14)
  The fourteenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy was ordered on February 10, 2017, by American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and premiered on September 28, 2017 with a special 2-hour premiere. The season consists of 24 episodes, with the season's seventh episode marking the 300th episode for the series overall. The season is produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company. Krista Vernoff who helped co-lead the show with Shonda Rhimes in its early years, marked her return as co-showrunner this season with William Harper, having previously left at the end of the seventh season. Rhimes

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 10)
  The tenth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy premiered on September 26, 2013, with a two-hour special episode in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and it concluded with a Farewell To Cristina finale episode "Fear (Of The Unknown)" on May 15, 2014. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company; the showrunners being Tony Phelan and Joan Rater. The season was officially released on DVD as a 6-disc box-set under the title of Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Tenth Season – Live For The Moments on September 2, 2014 by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. The season mainly focuses on the relationship between the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and "her person" Cristina

This is a document about List of Grey's Anatomy episodes
  ten highest-rated shows in the United States from the show's first through fourth season. The show's episodes have won a number of awards, including a Golden Globe Award for Best Drama Series, a People's Choice Award for Favourite TV Drama, and multiple NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Drama Series. Since its premiere, Buena Vista Home Entertainment has distributed all seasons on DVD. There have been several special episodes recapping events from previous episodes, and two series of webisodes. On April 20, 2018, ABC officially renewed Grey's Anatomy for a fifteenth season, making it the longest running drama ever for the network. On May 10, 2021, ABC renewed the show for an eighteenth season, which premiered on September 30, 2021.

This is a document about Grey's Anatomy (season 11)
  Grey's Anatomy's eleventh season opened up to 10.14 million viewers with a 3.1/11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The premiere episode "I Must Have Lost it on the Wind", was the season's most-viewed episode. "When I Grow Up" was the season and series' least-viewed episode, with 6.64 million viewers and a 1.9/7 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The season finale was the series lowest-watched season finale with 8.33 million viewers and 2.2/8 in the 18–49 rating demo. Grey's Anatomy, in its eleventh season, ranked #36 overall in total viewers (11.08 million). This is much lower than Season 10, which was ranked #15. In the 18–49 key demographic, Grey's Anatomy ranked #13 (the lowest ranking in the series' history). The highest ranking for the 18–49 key demographic was #3 for seasons 3, 4, and 5. Last season, Grey's Anatomy was ranked #5. For the 2014-2015 primetime TV schedule, Grey's Anatomy was the ##1 drama in the 18–49 key demographic.

This is a document about AIRES Flight 8250
  The accident is featured in the fifth episode of Season 20 of Mayday, also known as Air Crash Investigation. The episode is titled "Runway Breakup".

This is a document about Perfect Storm (Grey's Anatomy)
  "Perfect Storm" is the twenty-fourth episode and the season finale of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and is the 196th episode overall. It aired on May 16, 2013 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Stacy McKee and directed by Rob Corn. On its initial airing it was watched by 8.99 million viewers. The episode received highly positive reviews from critics. In the episode, Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital experienced power outages and a bus crash during an intense superstorm. The episode was loosely based on Hurricane Sandy, which hit the East Coast in 2012. A bus crashes in front of the hospital in the midst of the storm, and the doctors try to rescue the survivors.

This is a document about List of Grey's Anatomy cast members
  Grey's Anatomy is an American television medical drama that debuted on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), as a mid-season replacement for Boston Legal on March 27, 2005. While creating the show, producers put an emphasis on the casting process. The series has aired for seventeen seasons, and focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns and residents, as they gradually evolve into seasoned doctors, while trying to maintain personal lives. The show's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as an executive producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. It is primarily filmed in Los Angeles, California.  The series

This is a document about List of Grey's Anatomy episodes
  Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) as a mid-season replacement on March 27, 2005. The series has aired for seventeen seasons, and focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns and residents as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives. The show's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes, who serves as an executive producer, along with Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Krista Vernoff, Rob Corn, Mark Wilding, and Allan Heinberg. The series was created to be racially diverse, utilizing a color-blind casting technique. It is primarily filmed in Los Angeles. The show's title is a play on Gray's Anatomy, the classic human anatomy textbook. Episodes have been broadcast

This is a document about Kevin McKidd
 Grey's Anatomy (2010) Seattle Grace: Message of Hope (Webisodes) ; "No Comment" (14 October 2010) ; "Take One" (21 October 2010) ; "Award-Winning" (11 November 2010) ; "The Sizzle" (18 November 2010) ; Grey's Anatomy (2011–present), television series ; "Don't Deceive Me (Please Don't Go)" (2011) ; "Poker Face" (2011) ; "Let the Bad Times Roll" (2012) ; "I Saw Her Standing There" (2012) ; "Do You Believe in Magic" (2013) ; "Two Against One" (2013) ; "I'm Winning" (2014) ; "I Must Have Lost it on the Wind" (2014) ; "Time Stops" (2015) ; "Sledgehammer" (2015) ; "Odd Man Out" (2016) ; "Mama

The plane crash in "Grey's Anatomy" occurred in the eighth season.


Question: who played alfalfa in the original little rascals

Answer: Carl Dean Switzer

This is a document about Carl Switzer
 Carl Switzer Carl Dean Switzer (August 7, 1927 – January 21, 1959) was an American singer, child actor, dog breeder and guide. Switzer began his career as a child actor in the mid-1930s appearing in the "Our Gang" short subjects series as Alfalfa, one of the series' most popular and best-remembered characters. After leaving the series in 1940, Switzer struggled to find substantial roles owing to typecasting. As an adult, he appeared mainly in bit parts and B-movies. He later became a dog breeder and hunting guide. Switzer married in 1954 and had one son before divorcing in 1957. In

This is a document about Duel Personalities
 Carl Switzer - Alfalfa ; Darla Hood - Darla ; Eugene Lee - Porky ; George McFarland - Spanky ; Billie Thomas - Buckwheat

This is a document about Our Gang Follies of 1938
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat

This is a document about Bubbling Troubles
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Mickey Gubitosi as Mickey ; Darla Hood as Darla ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Leonard Landy as Leonard

This is a document about The Little Ranger
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Shirley Coates as Muggsy

This is a document about Football Romeo
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Darla Hood as Darla ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Gary Jasgur as Gary ; Leonard Landy as Phooey

This is a document about The Pigskin Palooka
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Pete The Pup as Himself

This is a document about Alfalfa's Double
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa/Cornelius ; Mickey Gubitosi (later known as Robert Blake) as Mickey ; Darla Hood as Darla ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Leonard Landy as Leonard

This is a document about Mail and Female
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa / Cousin Amelia ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Gordon Lee as Porky ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Henry Wesley Lee as Spike

This is a document about Framing Youth
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Gary Jasgur as Junior

This is a document about Time Out for Lessons
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Mickey Gubitosi as Mickey ; Darla Hood as Darla ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Shirley Coates as Muggsy ; Darwood Kaye as Waldo ; Leonard Landy as Leonard

This is a document about Party Fever
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat ; Pete the Pup as Himself

This is a document about Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer
  Carl Dean Switzer (August 8, 1927 – January 21, 1959) was an American singer, child actor, dog breeder and guide. He was best known for his role as Alfalfa in the short subjects series Our Gang. Switzer began his career as a child actor in the mid-1930s appearing in the Our Gang short subjects series as Alfalfa, one of the series' most popular and best-remembered characters. After leaving the series in 1940, Switzer struggled to find substantial roles owing to typecasting. As an adult, he appeared mainly in bit parts and B-movies. He later became a dog breeder and hunting guide. Switzer married in 1954 and had one son before divorcing his wife in 1957. He was fatally shot by an acquaintance in a dispute over money in January 1959.

This is a document about Tiny Troubles
 Carl Switzer as Alfalfa Switzer ; Darla Hood as Darla ; Eugene Lee as Porky ; George McFarland as Spanky ; Billie Thomas as Buckwheat

This is a document about Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches introduced 1982–83
  Mary Gross impersonates the Our Gang character of Alfalfa. Debuted November 13, 1982

This is a document about Our Gang
  as Buckwheat; with cameos by the Olsen twins, Whoopi Goldberg, Mel Brooks, Reba McEntire, Daryl Hannah, Donald Trump and Raven-Symoné. The Little Rascals was a moderate success for Universal, bringing in $51,764,950 at the box office. In 2014, Universal Pictures released a direct-to-video film, The Little Rascals Save the Day. This was a second film loosely based on the series and featuring interpretations of classic Our Gang shorts, including Helping Grandma, Mike Fright, and Birthday Blues. The film was directed by Alex Zamm, and starred Jet Jurgensmeyer as Spanky, Drew Justice as Alfalfa, Eden Wood as Darla, and Doris Roberts as the kids' adopted Grandma.

This is a document about Alfalfa's Aunt
  Alfalfa's Aunt is a 1939 comedy short subject, the 176th entry in the Our Gang (Little Rascals) series originally created by Hal Roach. Produced by Jack Chertok for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and directed by George Sidney, the one-reel short was released to theaters in January 1939 by MGM. It is considered one of the best Our Gang shorts produced after Roach sold the series to MGM in mid-1938; the post-Roach era is generally considered a subpar era for Our Gang.

This is a document about Bear Facts (film)
  In an effort to impress Darla (Darla Hood), Alfalfa (Carl Switzer) tells her that he is a famous bear trainer. Although he knows that Darla's father owns a circus, he does not know he owns a bear costume.

This is a document about Roamin' Holiday
 Joe White as One of Alfalfa's twin brothers ; Tom White as One of Alfalfa's twin brothers ; Otis Harlan as Hiram Jenks ; May Wallace as 'Ma' Jenks

This is a document about Alfalfa's Double
 Barbara Bedford as Alfalfa's mother ; Hank Mann as Railroad attendant ; Anne O'Niel as Governess ; Milton Parsons as Willoughby

Carl Switzer played Alfalfa in the original Little Rascals.


Question: who signed the 1900 buganda agreement on behalf of the british

Answer: Sir Harry Johnston

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1900)
 Buganda Agreement (1900) The Buganda Agreement (alternatively the Uganda Agreement or Treaty of Mengo) of March 1900 formalised the relationship between the Kingdom of Buganda and the British Uganda Protectorate. The agreement was negotiated by Alfred Tucker, Bishop of Uganda, and signed by, among others, Buganda's Katikiro Sir Apolo Kagwa, on the behalf of the Kabaka (Daudi Chwa) who was at that time an infant, and Sir Harry Johnston on the behalf of the British colonial government. Buganda would henceforth be a province of the Protectorate, and would be transformed into a constitutional monarchy with the power of the "Lukiiko"

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  of Her Majesty of the other part, the said Kabaka Mwanga did pledge and hind himself, his heirs and successors to conditions in all respects similar to the conditions set out in the said Agreement: AND WHEREAS by an Agreement made on the 10th day of March, 1900 (hereinafter referred to as “the Buganda Agreement, 1900”) between Sir Henry Hamilton Johnson, Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order to the Bath, Her Majesty's Special Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief and Consul-General for the Uganda Protectorate and the adjoining Territories, on behalf of the Kabaka ofBuganda, and the Chiefs and People of Buganda on

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1900)
  Upper Nile, E BRESSON (for Mgr. Streicher, White Fathers). R. H. WALKER. MATAYO, Mujasi. LATUSA, Sekibobo. MATAYO, Kaima. YOKANA, Kitunzi. SANTI SEMINDI, Kasuju. ANDEREA, Kimbugwe SEREME, Mujasi, COPRIEN LUWEKULA. NOVA, Jumba, Gabunga. FERINDI, Kyabalongo SAULO, Lumana. YOKANO BUNJO, Katikiro, of Namasole. YOSEFU, Katambalwa. ZAKAYO, Kivate, HEZIKIYA, Namutwe. ALI, Mwenda, NSELWANO, Muwemba. SEMIONI SEBUTA, Mutengesa. NJOVU YUSUFU Kitambala, his X mark. KATA, Nsege. The Uganda Agreement (alternatively the Treaty of Mengo) of March 1900 formalized the relationship between the Kingdom of Uganda and the British Uganda Protectorate. It was amended by the Buganda Agreement of 1955 and Buganda Agreement of 1961.

This is a document about Kabaka crisis
  In 1893 the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) transferred its administration rights over its territories in modern-day Uganda to the British Government. At that time, the IBEAC's territory consisted mainly of the Kingdom of Buganda, which had been acquired in 1892. In 1894 the Uganda Protectorate was established, and, with Bugandan assistance the territory was rapidly extended beyond the borders of Buganda to an area that roughly corresponds to that of present-day Uganda. The Buganda Agreement of 1900 formalised Buganda's place as a constitutional monarchy (headed by the Kabaka) within the broader British-led Protectorate. Following the creation of the Crown Colony of Kenya and Trust Territory of Tanganyika

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1900)
  in the Kingdom of Uganda, on the 10th March 1900. H.H JOHNSTON, Her Majesty's Special Commissioner, Commander in Chief and ConsulGeneral, on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of lndia. (Seal) APOLLO, Katikiro, Regent. MUGWANYA, Katikiro Regent. MBOGO NOHO, his X mark. ZAKARIA KIZITO, Kangawo. Regent, SEBAUA, Pokino. YAKOBO, Kago. PAULO, Mukwenda. KAMUSWAGA, of Koki, his X mark. (On behalf of the Kabaka, chief, and people of Uganda) Witness to the above signatures: F.J. JACKSON, Her Majesty's Vice-Consul. J. EVATT, Lieutenant-Colonel. JAMES FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM ALFRED R.TUCKER, Bishop of Uganda. HENRY HANLON, Vicar Apostolic of

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1900)
  The agreement was negotiated by Alfred Tucker, Bishop of Uganda, and signed by, among others, Buganda's Katikiro Apollo Kagwa, on the behalf of the Kabaka (Daudi Cwa II), who was at that time an infant, and Sir Harry Johnston on the behalf of the British colonial government.  Buganda would henceforth be a province of the Protectorate, and would be transformed into a constitutional monarchy with the power of the Lukiiko (advisory council) greatly enhanced and the role of the Kabaka reduced. The British also gained the right to veto future choices of the Kabaka, and control of numerous other appointments. These provisions concerning the roles of the Kabaka and Lukiiko were largely reversed by the Buganda Agreement of 1961. The agreement stated that the Kabaka should exercise direct rule over the natives of Buganda administering justice through

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  AND WHEREAS in pursuance of the undertaking of the aforementioned and inconsideration of the bestowal by Her Majesty Queen Victoria of the protection which the said Kabaka Mwanga had requested in the said Agreement of the 29th day of May, 1893, by a Treaty made on the 27th day of August 1894 (here in after referred to as“the Buganda Agreement, 1894”) between the said Kabaka Mwanga of the one part and Henry Edward Colville, a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, a Colonel in Her Majesty's army, Her Britannic Majesty's Acting Commissioner for Uganda, for and on

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  other part the relationship between Her Majesty's Government, the Government of the Protectorate of‘ Uganda, (hereinafter referred to as “the Protectorate Government”) and the Kabaka, Chiefs and People of Buganda, was further defined and provision was made for recognition of the Kabaka of Buganda as native rulers of Buganda under Her Majesty's protection and over-rule: AND WHEREAS by various supplementary Agreements the Buganda Agreement, 1900, has been extended and modified; AND WHEREAS Her Majesty's Government has given an assurance to the Kabaka, Chiefs and People of Buganda in the following terms:- ‘Her Majesty’s Government has no intention whatsoever of raising

This is a document about 1964 Ugandan lost counties referendum
  In 1893–4, British colonel Henry Colvile invaded the Kingdom of Bunyoro in an effort to secure and expand the nascent Uganda Protectorate, which initially included solely the Kingdom of Buganda. Colvile promised all lands south of the River Kafu to Buganda in return for their support, and following the conflict the relevant counties were duly transferred as promised, with the transfer recognised in the Buganda Agreement (1900). Despite deliberate attempts by the Bugandan government to integrate the resident Banyoro, the return of the 'lost counties' was the subject of repeated appeals from the Bunyoro government to the British government. The potential for conflict between the two Kingdoms was therefore still a considerable cause for

This is a document about Baganda
  in Buganda with offers of jobs in the colonial administration in return for their collaboration. The chiefs did so but expected their interests (preserving Buganda as a self-governing entity, continuing the royal line of kabakas, and securing private land tenure for themselves and their supporters) to be met. After much hard bargaining, the chiefs ended up with everything they wanted, including one-half of all the land in Buganda. The half left to the British as "Crown Land" was later found to be largely swamp and scrub. Johnston's Buganda Agreement of 1900 imposed a tax on huts and guns, designated the chiefs as tax collectors, and testified to the continued alliance of British and

This is a document about Carl Peters
  in Uganda and Equatoria. This expedition was not sanctioned by the German government and was regarded by local British authorities as a filibuster (in the 19th century sense of the word). Reaching Uganda during early 1890, Peters concluded a treaty with Kabaka Mwanga II of Buganda in favour of Germany. He had to leave Uganda hastily on the approach of an expedition commanded by Frederick Lugard, the representative of the Imperial British East Africa Company. On reaching Zanzibar he learned that his efforts were useless, as on 1 July 1890 the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty between Germany and the UK had been signed, whereby Uganda was left as an area of British influence

This is a document about Kampala
  Mulago hill. In 1899, the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa founded Lubaga Hospital on Lubaga Hill. In 1900, the regents of the infant Kabaka Daudi Cwa II (who were Apolo Kagwa, the Katikiro (Prime Minister) of Buganda, Stanislaus Mugwanya, the Mulamuzi (Chief Judge) of Buganda, and Zakaria Kisingiri, the Muwanika (Chief Treasurer) of Buganda, with Bishop Alfred Tucker), signed the Buganda Agreement on behalf of Buganda with Sir Harry Johnston, who signed on behalf of the British government. This agreement with Sir Harry Johnston created new land tenures such as freehold, Crown land, and mailo, and divided up and allocated the land

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  The Buganda Agreement, 1955 was made on 18 October 1955 between Andrew Cohen, the governor of the Uganda Protectorate, and Mutesa II, Kabaka of Buganda. The agreement facilitated Mutesa II's return as a constitutional monarch, ending the Kabaka crisis that began when the Kabaka was exiled to England by Cohen in 1953. It amended the earlier 1900 Uganda Agreement. The final text reflected the agreed outcomes of the Namirembe Conference.

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  and on behalf ofHer Majesty Queen Elizabeth, II A.B. COHEN Governor For and on behalf of the Kabaka, Chiefs and People of Buganda MUTESA Kabaka WITNESSES: C. H. HARTWELL M. KINTU R. DRESCHFIELD A.M. GITTA L.M. BOYD B.K. KAVUMA K.S. MALE A. KALULE SEMPA Y.K LULE R.M. KASULE A.K. KIRONDE D.S. MUSOKE MUKUBIRA C.A.L. RICHARDS D. SERWANIKO L. SSENDAGALA A. KIRONDE Y.M. YAKUZE H. M.N. KIBIRIGE JUMA TAMUSANGE ANDREA K. LUBECA SERWANO KAPALAGA JOSEPH MUTEWETA L. BASSUDE D.K MUKASA Y. MATOVU LUBOWA E.M. K. MULIIRA P. NTWATWA SHEIK A. KASUJJA E.M. KALULE KENNETH DIPLOCK DINGLE FOOT J.G. MARTIN FLEGG

This is a document about History of Buganda
  visited by explorers, like John Hanning Speke, James Augustus Grant and Henry Morton Stanley, invited the Church Missionary Society to Buganda. One of the missionaries from the Church Missionary Society was Alexander Murdoch Mackay. Muteesa I never converted to any religion, despite numerous attempts. In 1884, Muteesa died and his son Mwanga II took over. Most of what is known about Muteesa comes from primary sources from various Kiganda researchers and some foreign explorers, notably John Hanning Speke, and the Church Missionary Society. Mwanga was overthrown numerous times, but was reinstated. Mwanga signed a treaty with Captain Lord Lugard in 1892, giving Buganda the

This is a document about Young Baganda Association
  The 1900 Uganda agreement merged many kingdoms into the boundaries of today’s Uganda. The most powerful of these ancient kingdoms was Buganda, mainly inhabited by Baganda people: British invaders gave political power to its African customary chiefs, who gathered in a Council (Lukiko) and presided over by the king (Kabaka). They were also given land in order to gain their fidelity. However, the spread of schools caused a generation of young educated people to appear, working in the colonial administration but removed from real local power. Some of them, led by Baganda publicist Z.K. Sentongo, founded the Young Baganda Association to protest against customary chiefs’ power: they are symptomatic of generational conflict in colonial Uganda.

This is a document about Buganda Agreement (1955)
  THE OTHER PART: WHEREAS by Agreement made on the 29th day of May, 1893, between Mwanga Kabaka of Uganda of the one part and Sir Gerald Herbert Portal, Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Companion ofthe Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Her Britannic Majesty’ Commissioner and Consul- General for East Africa on behalf of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom (hereinafter referred to as “Her Majesty’s Government”) of the other part the said Kabaka Mwanga did pledge and bind himself to certain conditions with the object of securing British protection and

This is a document about Mengo, Uganda
  the Buganda Agreement of 1900 was signed between the Kabaka of Buganda and British colonial officials establishing the Uganda Protectorate. The history of Mengo Hill is also entwined with that of adjacent Namirembe Hill, the seat of the Anglican Church of Uganda, because of the monarchy's close association with the Church of England. The Bulange, which houses offices for the Kabaka and the Lukiiko (Buganda Parliament), is at the base of Namirembe Hill. The building was constructed between 1953 and 1958 by Muteesa II of Buganda at a cost of US$5 million, which was a colossal sum at that time. Also located on Namirembe Hill is Mengo Hospital, a private, non-profit community hospital administered by the Anglican Church in Uganda.

This is a document about Mwanga II of Buganda
 Mwanga's message to Euan Smith, British Consul in Zanzibar, 1890 Mwanga to Karl Peters, 1890 Mwanga after signing treaty with Captain Frederick Lugard, 1890 Mwanga after defeating the Muslim faction, 1893 Mwanga before joining forces with Kabalega, 1898 "I do not want to give them my land. I want all Europeans of all nations to come to Buganda, to build and to trade as they like." "I am Mutesa's son, and what Mutesa was in Buganda that I will also be, and against those who will not have it so I shall make war." "The English have come; they have built a fort; they eat my land; they have made me sign a treaty; they curtail my powers; and I get nothing from them in return." "Abalangira timba buli afuluma amira munne." [Princes are like pythons they swallow each other.] "When I die it will be the end of the kingdom of Buganda. Europeans will take over (eat) this country of mine."

Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston, the British High Commissioner for Buganda, signed the 1900 Buganda Agreement on behalf of the British.


Question: when did the king size bed come out

Answer: mid-1950s

This is a document about Bed
 x 190 cm), the sizes for other bed types tend to vary. Mainland European sizes differ, not merely because of the use of the metric system. In the mid-1950s, the United States bedding industry introduced a new size: the king size. A king-sized bed differs from the other sizes in implementation, as it is not common to have a king-sized box spring; rather, two smaller box-springs are used under a king-sized mattress. It is a common misconception that in a US "standard" or "Eastern king", the box springs are identical in size to a "twin extra-long"; however, "twin extra-long" mattresses

This is a document about Camp bed
  It is believed that King Tut, who reigned in Egypt from approximately 1332 to 1323 BC, may have had the first camping bed. When Tutankhamun’s tomb was opened in 1922 a room full of furniture was found to contain a three-section camping bed that folded up into a Z shape.Though the frail young king, who had a club foot, may never have taken part in long-distance expeditions, the elaborate folding bed suggests he had an interest in camping and hunting.

This is a document about Bed size
  The sizes of mattresses use non-numeric labels such as a "king" or "full", but are defined in inches. Historically most beds were "twins" or "doubles" but in the mid–1940s larger mattresses were introduced by manufacturers. These were later standardized as "queen" and "king", and first made a significant impact on the market in the 1950s and 60s. Standard mattress depth ranges from the "standard" size of 9 in to "high contour" of up to 13 in. Below are the standard ISPA widths and heights in the United States and Canada. Note: While dimensions are specified to the half-inch below, the actual dimension used by manufacturers or various websites may be half an inch larger or smaller. Less common sizes include: There are also a number of specialty sizes for specific use cases: Bedding in the United States must state the type of bed it is intended for, in addition to the dimensions in both inches and centimeters.

This is a document about Chair
  Bowdich visited the main Palace of the Ashanti Empire in 1819, and observed chairs engrossed with gold in the empire. In the 1880s, chairs became more common in American households and usually there was a chair provided for every family member to sit down to dinner. By the 1830s, factory-manufactured “fancy chairs” like those by Sears. Roebuck, and Co. allowed families to purchase machined sets. With the Industrial Revolution, chairs became much more available. The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in chair construction with such things as all-metal folding chairs, metal-legged chairs, the Slumber Chair, moulded plastic chairs

This is a document about Waterbed
  The modern waterbed was created by Charles Prior Hall in 1968, while he was a design student at San Francisco State University in California. Hall originally wanted to make an innovative chair. His first prototype was a vinyl bag with 300 pounds (136 kg) of cornstarch. Ultimately, he abandoned working on a chair, and settled on perfecting a bed. Hall was granted a patent (#3,585,356) on his waterbed in 1971, which he originally called "liquid support for human bodies." The same year, he founded Innerspace Environments, a manufacturing and sales company which became the leading retailer of waterbeds in the United States, with 30 owned-and-operated stores. The patent came to trial in 1991 in Intex v. Hall

This is a document about Kroehler Manufacturing Company
  large. By the year 1900, the company reached $7,200 in profit, a year later, it reached $15,000. On April 6, 1903, Peter Kroehler was made president of the company with a $5,000 salary. In 1903, Sears Roebuck & Company bought out 50% of the company, with Peter Kroehler owning the other half. The day to day operations of the company would be run by Kroehler. In 1909, Kroehler invented, and obtained a patent on a form of the Davenport Bed. These became immediately popular. Kroehler foresaw a large market for the bed, so much so that he decided to get a controlling interest, by outright purchase of companies, if

This is a document about Mattress
  became popular particularly after market leader Select Comfort began a major marketing campaign around 2001. The original airbed was manufactured by Comfortaire in 1981, which was later purchased by Select Comfort. There are several other manufacturers. Some allow independent adjustment of each side of the bed. They are made in a variety of models from basic, no-frills ones that measure about 7″ in height, to high-profile, 15″ tall hybrids that contain several types of foam, pillow tops, and digital pumps with memory for individual pressure settings. Studies suggest that adjustable-firmness beds are better for back pain.  Adjustable-firmness mattresses for medical use have special control

This is a document about Microdrive
  Date of release of large sizes.

This is a document about Bed
   One of the largest beds in the world is the Great Bed of Ware, made in about 1580. It is 3.26 m wide, 3.38 m long. The bed is mentioned by Shakespeare in Twelfth Night. It is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London. Another bed in the V&A is the Golden Bed created by William Burges in 1879. In 1882, an Indian Maharajah had a bed made of solid silver. At each corner of the bed there was a life-sized statue of a naked woman holding a fan. When the Maharajah lay on the bed, his weight started a mechanism that made the women wave their fans. In 1865, a convertible bed in the form of an upright piano was available, which could provide home entertainment while saving space.

This is a document about Wood wool
  in stuffing beds" was patented in the US in 1842; however, the product had no specific name when the process was first patented. The 1868 patent, "Improved capillary material for filling gas and air carburettors," was for a new use for "fibres torn from the wood by suitable machinery" to be "sold and used as filling for mattresses, its commercial name being 'excelsior'." This is the earliest description of the material by this name cited by the Oxford English Dictionary, though the term "excelsior mattress" had appeared in print as early as 1856. In 1906, the now-common use of excelsior

This is a document about Prince Miler
  and wider bed it was much more capable. This was also available with a dropside bed. This was replaced by the ARTH-2 in September 1959. The ARTH-2 received a 70 PS version of the 1.5 liter four, and by now there was also a "Light Miler" (1.25 ton) version available. The first few model years of the ARTH Miler were also available as the "Prince Light Van", a four-door, six-seater van with panelled sides in the luggage compartment. In April 1961, the 1.9 litre (GB engined) "Super Miler" was added. This had an 80 PS engine, which was upgraded to 91 PS only six months later. By April 1962, only the 1.5 liter,

This is a document about Hästens
   Pehr Adolf Janson (1830-1885) was awarded his master certificate in 1852 by King Oscar I of Sweden. Master saddlers were also makers of mattresses, since horsetail hair was an essential material for the pads that went into the carriage. At that time, becoming a master saddler in Sweden required the certificate to be issued by the King himself. In the late 1800s, the family moved to Hed and Pehr Adolf's son Per Thure Janson decided to follow his father's path in becoming a master saddler. Per Thure started a company together with his son David Janson. The business of making beds took off and

This is a document about King (automobile)
  there was a disagreement between the two men and Ward replaced Bayerline in the presidency of the company. In December 1914, a V8 was introduced in the King, a scant two months after Cadillac announced its own V8-powered car. Starting in 1916, all Kings were 8-cylinder models. Production declined from a peak of 3000 in 1916 to a company low of 240 in 1923. During the healthier years, the company exported cars to Europe, Australia, South America, South Africa, and Russia. Early 4-cylinder cars sold for $1,350 in basic form, and for $1,565 when fully equipped with windshield, hood, and gas lamps. By 1914, even the V8-powered car was only $1,350, and was advertised as the "World's First Popular-Priced V8". By 1923, prices were $1795–$2550.

This is a document about Fantastic Universe
  the new publisher. The last issue cut the page count to 100 pages. The magazine was initially bimonthly. The first three issues were named with two months: "June–July 1953", and so on. At the end of 1953 the naming was changed to the odd numbered months; and then after January, March, May, and July, the magazine went monthly, starting with the September 1954 issue. This lasted without a break until the November 1958 issue. Another bimonthly schedule, starting with January 1959, followed; the last King-Size Publications issue was September 1959, and it was followed by an October 1959 issue from Great American. The remaining five issues followed a regular monthly schedule; the last issue was March 1960. The volume numbering scheme was fairly regular; the first five

This is a document about Marriage bed of Henry VII
  The bed is believed to have been made for the wedding of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, which took place on 18 January 1486. The marriage symbolised the end of the War of the Roses and joined Elizabeth's House of York with Henry's House of Lancaster, founding the House of Tudor. The marriage bed would have been used on the couple's marriage night and it is believed that their first son Arthur, Prince of Wales (born 19/20 September 1486) was conceived on this occasion. The couple married at Westminster Abbey and the bed stood in the Painted Chamber of the nearby Palace of Westminster, as confirmed by the bed's outline matching the shape of a mural known to have been painted there. The bed may have been influenced

This is a document about Tyrannosaurus in popular culture
  King. Beautiful, short, you hear it once you remember it and it can be abbreviated. T. rex.” Osborn stated in 1905, "I propose to make this animal the type of the new genus, Tyrannosaurus, in reference to its size, which far exceeds that of any carnivorous land animal hitherto described...This animal is in fact the ne plus ultra of the evolution of the large carnivorous dinosaurs: in brief it is entitled to the royal and high sounding group name which I have applied to it." Tyrannosaurus gained widespread public attention on December 30, 1905, when the New York Times hailed T. rex as "the most formidable fighting animal of which there is any record whatever," the "king of all kings

This is a document about Bedding
  stuffed with straw and feathers and then covered with silks, velvets or satin material. Embroidered canopies and ornamental hangings as well as the advent of the featherbed led to beds becoming extremely expensive, often willed down from generation to generation. In the 18th century, Europeans began to use bed frames made from cast iron, and mattresses that were made of cotton. In the 19th century the bed spring was invented, also called the box spring. In the 20th century United States, consumers bought the inner spring mattress, followed in the 1960s by the water bed (originating on the West Coast), and adoption of Japanese-style futons, air mattresses, and foam rubber mattresses and pillows.

This is a document about Hospital bed
  Beds with adjustable side rails first appeared in Britain some time between 1815 and 1825. In 1874 the mattress company Andrew Wuest and Son, Cincinnati, Ohio, registered a patent for a type of mattress frame with a hinged head that could be elevated, a predecessor of the modern day hospital bed. The modern 3-segment adjustable hospital bed was invented by Willis Dew Gatch, chair of the Department of Surgery at the Indiana University School of Medicine, in the early 20th century. This type of bed is sometimes referred to as the Gatch Bed. The modern push-button hospital bed was invented in 1945, and it originally included a built-in toilet in hopes of eliminating the bedpan.

This is a document about Big King
  were of better quality than those of the McDonald's product. After the initial testing period, the sandwich was renamed the Big King and added to the national menu at the end of the summer of 1997the first major product introduction since the company added its BK Broiler chicken sandwich in 1990. Unlike the Double Supreme, the new Big King lacked the interior bread piece the Big Mac had, and the advertising used to promote the Big King continued to utilize the 75% more beef claim. However, the new sandwich was introduced while the company was dealing with a highly publicized beef recall from one of its key suppliers,

The king size bed was introduced in the United States in the mid-1950s. However, the concept of a king-sized bed can be traced back to ancient Egypt, where it is believed that King Tutankhamun had a camping bed that folded up into a three-section Z-shape, which could be considered a precursor to the modern king size bed.


Question: who founded jamestown in what is now virginia

Answer: the Virginia Company of London

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
 Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island. Jamestown served as the

This is a document about Jamestowne Society
 Jamestowne Society Jamestowne Society is an organization founded in 1936 by George Craghead Gregory for descendants of stockholders in the Virginia Company of London and the descendants of those who owned land or who had domiciles in Jamestown or on Jamestown Island prior to the year 1700. In May 1607, Jamestown was established as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States, following several earlier failed attempts. It was founded by the London branch of the Virginia Company, which was competing with the Plymouth branch to settle the Colony of Virginia. Jamestown was the capital of

This is a document about Jamestowne Society
 time a member joins. In 1958, the Society was formally organized as a non-profit corporation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (1954, as amended). It frequently holds meetings and events. (Partial list) Jamestowne Society Jamestowne Society is an organization founded in 1936 by George Craghead Gregory for descendants of stockholders in the Virginia Company of London and the descendants of those who owned land or who had domiciles in Jamestown or on Jamestown Island prior to the year 1700. In May 1607, Jamestown was established as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States,

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
 original 1607 fort, which had been protected by the sea wall, were not discovered until 1996. In 1932, George Craghead Gregory of Richmond was credited with discovering the foundation of the first brick statehouse (capitol) building, circa 1646, at Jamestown on the land owned by Preservation Virginia. Around 1936, Gregory, who was active with the Virginia Historical Society, founded the Jamestowne Society for descendants of stockholders in the Virginia Company of London and the descendants of those who owned land or who had domiciles in Jamestown or on Jamestown Island prior to 1700. Colonial National Monument was authorized by the

This is a document about George C. Gregory
 of the graded pathway planned for the streetcar rising from the river survives as Southampton Road. Another stretch became Mohawk Drive in Bon Air. George C. Gregory and his wife were active in the Virginia Historical Society. He is credited in 1932 with discovering the foundation of the first brick statehouse (capitol) building circa 1646 at Jamestown, Virginia. In 1936, he founded the Jamestowne Society for descendants of stockholders in the Virginia Company of London and the descendants of those who owned land or who had domiciles in Jamestown or on Jamestown Island prior to the year 1700. Mrs. Gregory

This is a document about Episcopal Church (United States)
 it is a distinct body relating to church governance. The Episcopal Church has its origins in the Church of England in the American colonies, and it stresses continuity with the early universal Western Church and claims to maintain apostolic succession (though the Catholic and Orthodox churches do not recognize this claim). The first parish was founded in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, under the charter of the Virginia Company of London. The tower of Jamestown Church ( 1639–43) is one of the oldest surviving Anglican church structures in the United States. The Jamestown church building itself is a modern reconstruction. Although

This is a document about History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)
 be known as the "first landing." A party of the men explored the area and had a minor conflict with some Virginia Indians. After the expedition arrived in what is now Virginia, sealed orders from the Virginia Company of London were opened. These orders named Captain John Smith as a member of the governing Council. Smith had been arrested for mutiny during the voyage and was incarcerated aboard one of the ships. He had been scheduled to be hanged upon arrival, but was freed by Captain Newport after the opening of the orders. The same orders also directed the expedition

This is a document about History of Hampton Roads
 following the links. In order of date founded: History of Hampton Roads The history of Hampton Roads dates to 1607, when Jamestown was founded. Two wars have taken place in addition to many other historical events. The first colonists arrived in 1607 when English Captain Christopher Newport's three ships, his flagship "Susan Constant", the smaller "Godspeed", and even smaller "Discovery" landed in April 1607 at Cape Henry along the Atlantic Coast in today's City of Virginia Beach, an event now known as the "First Landing." However, they moved on, under orders from the Virginia Company of London, the crews and

This is a document about Nansemond County, Virginia
 Nansemond County, Virginia Nansemond is an extinct locality that was located in Virginia Colony and the Commonwealth of Virginia (after statehood) in the United States, from 1646 until 1974. It was Nansemond County until 1972, and the independent city of Nansemond from 1972 to 1974. It is now part of the independent city of Suffolk. It was named for the Nansemond, a tribe of Native Americans, who have lived along the Nansemond River before the time the English colonists established Jamestown began arriving in 1607 and through to the present day. Under the Virginia Company of London, in 1619, the

This is a document about Captain Thomas Graves
 Ann, Verlinda, Katherine and Francis. His daughter, Verlinda, eventually married governor of Maryland, William Stone. Captain Thomas Graves Thomas Graves (c. 1580-1635) was one of the original Adventurers (stockholders) of the Virginia Company of London, and one of the very early Planters (settlers) who founded Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was also the first known person named Graves in North America. Captain Thomas Graves is listed as one of the original Adventurers as "Thomas Grave" on page 364, "Records of the Virginia Company of London", vol. IV. Graves arrived in Virginia in October 1608

This is a document about Captain Thomas Graves
 Captain Thomas Graves Thomas Graves (c. 1580-1635) was one of the original Adventurers (stockholders) of the Virginia Company of London, and one of the very early Planters (settlers) who founded Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was also the first known person named Graves in North America. Captain Thomas Graves is listed as one of the original Adventurers as "Thomas Grave" on page 364, "Records of the Virginia Company of London", vol. IV. Graves arrived in Virginia in October 1608 on the ship "Mary and Margaret" with Captain Christopher Newport's second supply. He paid 25

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
 events in American history: the first meeting of the Virginia House of Burgesses, the arrival of the first Africans to English North America, and the first Thanksgiving. Attribution: Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown "is where the British Empire began". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was

This is a document about History of Hampton Roads
 History of Hampton Roads The history of Hampton Roads dates to 1607, when Jamestown was founded. Two wars have taken place in addition to many other historical events. The first colonists arrived in 1607 when English Captain Christopher Newport's three ships, his flagship "Susan Constant", the smaller "Godspeed", and even smaller "Discovery" landed in April 1607 at Cape Henry along the Atlantic Coast in today's City of Virginia Beach, an event now known as the "First Landing." However, they moved on, under orders from the Virginia Company of London, the crews and new colonists sought a more sheltered area up

This is a document about Virginia
  entire coastal region from South Carolina to Maine, plus the island of Bermuda. Raleigh's colony failed, but in 1606, the new king James I of England issued the First Virginia Charter to the London Company, a joint stock company that financed a new expedition, which was led by Christopher Newport and sailed that December. They landed in Virginia in May 1607, and established a settlement named for the king, Jamestown. Life in the colony was perilous, and many died during the Starving Time in 1609 and in a series of conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy that started in 1610, and flared up again in 1622, when led by Powhatan's brother,

This is a document about Virginia Governor's Council
  Virginia was founded under a charter granted by King James I to the Virginia Company in 1606. In 1607, the company's governing board in London appointed a small group of seven men to manage the day-to-day affairs of the colony on their behalf after the first settlers landed on the Virginia Peninsula. On April 26, 1607, the Council elected Captain Edward Maria Wingfield as its President, and he would later choose the site for the founding of the Jamestown settlement. There was a lack of strong leadership among the council, which became apparent as soon as they landed at Jamestown in 1607. Internal dissension, allegations of lying, and the unexpected deaths of

This is a document about Colony of Virginia
  The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and the subsequent farther south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflicts with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy, and was also

This is a document about Jamestown, Saint Helena
  Jamestown was founded in 1659 by the East India Company and is named after James, Duke of York, the future King James II of England. A fort, originally named the Castle of St John, was quickly built and, with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the fort was renamed James Fort, the town Jamestown and the valley James Valley. The fort and associated gun batteries dominated James Bay and were sporadically improved over the years. In January 1673 the Dutch East India Company briefly seized control of the island until the English East India Company recaptured it in May. Since

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
  The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about 4 km southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S. (May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after a brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island, later part of North Carolina. Jamestown served as the colonial capital from 1616 until 1699. Despite the dispatch of more settlers and supplies,

This is a document about Native American civil rights
  In 1585, an American Indian tribe on the eastern coast of North America made contact with the explorer Richard Grenville. The Native tribesfolk proved hospitable and receptive to Grenville. Yet, when one Native stole a small silver cup from him, Grenville sacked and burned down the entire village in revenge. In 1607, decades after the interaction between the tribesfolk and Grenville, Captain John Smith established the colony of Jamestown in the middle of the Powhatan confederacy in what is now Virginia. Powhatan, the leader of his tribe, refrained from attacking the colonists as they established their settlement. Despite this, conflicts quickly broke out between the colonists

Jamestown was founded by the London Company, which was established in 1606. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established there on May 14, 1607.


Question: when was the first hydrogen fuel cell created

Answer: 1842

This is a document about Fuel cell vehicle
 of fuel cells include polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells, direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, reformed methanol fuel cell and Regenerative Fuel Cells. The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to William Grove, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist. Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst. English

This is a document about Fuel cell
  The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a letter dated October 1838 but published in the December 1838 edition of The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Welsh physicist and barrister Sir William Grove wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells. He used a combination of sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates, and a solution of sulphate of copper and dilute acid. In a letter to the same publication written in December 1838 but published in June 1839, German physicist Christian Friedrich Schönbein discussed the first crude fuel cell that he had invented. His letter discussed current generated from hydrogen and oxygen dissolved in water. Grove

This is a document about Fuel cell vehicle
  The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to William Grove, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist. Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst. English engineer Francis Thomas Bacon expanded on Grove's work, creating and demonstrating various Alkaline fuel cells from 1939 to 1959. The first modern fuel cell vehicle was a modified Allis-Chalmers farm tractor, fitted with a 15 kilowatt fuel

This is a document about History of electrochemistry
  time. William Grove produced the first fuel cell in 1839. He based his experiment on the fact that sending an electric current through water splits the water into its component parts of hydrogen and oxygen. So, Grove tried reversing the reaction—combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water. Eventually the term fuel cell was coined in 1889 by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer, who attempted to build the first practical device using air and industrial coal gas. He also introduced a powerful battery at the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1839. Grove's first cell

This is a document about United States hydrogen policy
   The principle of a fuel cell was discovered by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838, and the first fuel cell was constructed by Sir William Robert Grove in 1839. The fuel cells made at this time were most similar to today's phosphoric acid fuel cells. Most hydrogen fuel cells today are of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) type. A PEM converts the chemical energy released during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 was the first national legislation that called for large-scale hydrogen research. A five-year program was conducted that investigated the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources and the feasibility of existing natural gas pipelines to carry hydrogen. It also called for the research into hydrogen storage systems for electric vehicles and the development of fuel cells suitable to power an electric motor vehicle.

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  fuel cell golf carts. ; 1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile. ; 1966 – Slush hydrogen ; 1966 – J-2 (rocket engine) liquid hydrogen rocket engine flies ; 1967 – Akira Fujishima discovers the Honda-Fujishima effect which is used for photocatalysis in the photoelectrochemical cell. ; 1967 – Hydride compressor ; 1970 – Nickel hydrogen battery ; 1970 – John Bockris or Lawrence W. Jones coined the term hydrogen economy ; 1973 – The 30 km hydrogen pipeline in Isbergues ; 1973 – Linear compressor ; 1975 – John Bockris – Energy The Solar-Hydrogen Alternative

This is a document about Fuel cell
  sketched his design, in 1842, in the same journal. The fuel cell he made used similar materials to today's phosphoric acid fuel cell. In 1932, English engineer Francis Thomas Bacon successfully developed a 5 kW stationary fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies, which NASA has used since the mid-1960s. In 1955, W. Thomas Grubb, a chemist working for the General Electric Company (GE), further modified the original fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Three years later another GE chemist, Leonard Niedrach, devised a way of depositing platinum onto the

This is a document about General Motors
  The 1966 GM Electrovan is credited with being the first hydrogen fuel cell car ever produced. Though fuel cells have been around since the early 1800s, General Motors was the first to use a fuel cell, supplied by Union Carbide, to power the wheels of a vehicle with a budget of "millions of dollars". In 2002, it was reported that GM spent about $100 million a year in research and development of fuel cell vehicle. In June 2007, Larry Burns, vice president of research and development, said he was not yet willing to say exactly when hydrogen vehicles would be mass-produced, but he said it should happen before 2020, the year many experts have predicted. He said "I sure would be disappointed if we weren't there" before 2020. On July 2, 2013, GM and Honda announced a partnership to develop fuel cell systems and hydrogen storage technologies for the 2020 time frame. GM and Honda are leaders in fuel cell technology, ranking No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, in total fuel cell patents filed between 2002 and 2012, with more than 1,200 between them according to the Clean Energy Patent Growth Index.

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  generation of the electricity. ; 1839 – Christian Friedrich Schönbein published the principle of the fuel cell in the "Philosophical Magazine". ; 1839 – William Robert Grove developed the Grove cell. ; 1842 – William Robert Grove developed the first fuel cell (which he called the gas voltaic battery) ; 1849 – Eugène Bourdon – Bourdon gauge (manometer) ; 1863 – Etienne Lenoir made a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont with the 1-cylinder, 2-stroke Hippomobile. ; 1866 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann invents the Hofmann voltameter for the electrolysis of water. ; 1873 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe – Water gas, the process used the

This is a document about Electrochemistry
  Ohm expressed his law in this famous book "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet" (The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically) in which he gave his complete theory of electricity. In 1832, Michael Faraday's experiments led him to state his two laws of electrochemistry. In 1836, John Daniell invented a primary cell which solved the problem of polarization by eliminating hydrogen gas generation at the positive electrode. Later results revealed that alloying the amalgamated zinc with mercury would produce a higher voltage. William Grove produced the first fuel cell in 1839. In 1846, Wilhelm Weber developed the electrodynamometer. In 1868, Georges Leclanché patented a new cell which

This is a document about Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
  Before the invention of PEM fuel cells, existing fuel cell types such as solid-oxide fuel cells were only applied in extreme conditions. Such fuel cells also required very expensive materials and could only be used for stationary applications due to their size. These issues were addressed by the PEM fuel cell. The PEM fuel cell was invented in the early 1960s by Willard Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach of General Electric. Initially, sulfonated polystyrene membranes were used for electrolytes, but they were replaced in 1966 by Nafion ionomer, which proved to be superior in performance and durability to sulfonated polystyrene. PEM fuel cells were used in the NASA Gemini series of spacecraft, but they were replaced by Alkaline fuel cells in the

This is a document about Francis Thomas Bacon
  In 1932, Francis Thomas Bacon developed the fuel cell which was used as part of the Apollo moon project in the 1960s. Fuel cells were first demonstrated by Sir William Robert Grove in 1839, but his invention lay largely dormant for over 100 years until it was revived by Bacon. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to generate power for satellites and space capsules. American President Richard Nixon welcomed Bacon to the White House, and told him; "Without you Tom, we wouldn't have gotten to the moon.” After the successful lunar landing of Apollo 11 in July 1969, Tom and

This is a document about Electrochemical cell
   A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy comes from chemicals already present in the battery. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in NASA space programmes to

This is a document about Fuel cell
  which served as catalyst for the necessary hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. This became known as the "Grubb-Niedrach fuel cell". GE went on to develop this technology with NASA and McDonnell Aircraft, leading to its use during Project Gemini. This was the first commercial use of a fuel cell. In 1959, a team led by Harry Ihrig built a 15 kW fuel cell tractor for Allis-Chalmers, which was demonstrated across the U.S. at state fairs. This system used potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte and compressed hydrogen and oxygen as the reactants. Later in 1959, Bacon and his colleagues demonstrated a practical five-kilowatt unit capable of powering a welding machine. In the 1960s, Pratt &

This is a document about Fuel cell
  licensed Bacon's U.S. patents for use in the U.S. space program to supply electricity and drinking water (hydrogen and oxygen being readily available from the spacecraft tanks). In 1991, the first hydrogen fuel cell automobile was developed by Roger Billings. UTC Power was the first company to manufacture and commercialize a large, stationary fuel cell system for use as a co-generation power plant in hospitals, universities and large office buildings. In recognition of the fuel cell industry and America's role in fuel cell development, the US Senate recognized 8 October 2015 as National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day, passing S. RES 217. The date was chosen in recognition of the atomic weight of hydrogen (1.008).

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  of the fuel cell. ; 1895 – Hydrolysis ; 1896 – Jackson D.D. and Ellms J.W., hydrogen production by microalgae (Anabaena) ; 1896 – Leon Teisserenc de Bort carries out experiments with high flying instrumental weather balloons. ; 1897 – Paul Sabatier facilitated the use of hydrogenation with the discovery of the Sabatier reaction. ; 1898 – James Dewar liquefied hydrogen by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. ; 1899 – James Dewar collected solid hydrogen for the first time. ; 1900 – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin launched the first hydrogen-filled Zeppelin LZ1 airship.

This is a document about Fuel cell
   A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen ) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes from metals and their ions or oxides that are commonly already present in the battery, except in flow batteries. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William Grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  gas shift reaction. ; 1874 – Jules Verne – The Mysterious Island, "water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen of which it is constituted will be used" ; 1884 – Charles Renard and Arthur Constantin Krebs launch the airship La France. ; 1885 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski published hydrogen's critical temperature as 33 K; critical pressure, 13.3 atmospheres; and boiling point, 23 K. ; 1889 – Ludwig Mond and Carl Langer coined the name fuel cell and tried to build one running on air and Mond gas. ; 1893 – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald experimentally determined the interconnected roles of the various

This is a document about Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
  program and in the Space shuttle. Parallel with Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, General Electric developed the first proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for the Gemini space missions in the early 1960s. The first mission to use PEMFCs was Gemini V. However, the Apollo space missions and subsequent Apollo-Soyuz, Skylab and Space Shuttle missions used fuel cells based on Bacon's design, developed by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft. Extremely expensive materials were used and the fuel cells required very pure hydrogen and oxygen. Early fuel cells tended to require inconveniently high operating temperatures that were a problem in many applications. However, fuel cells were seen to be desirable due to the large amounts of fuel available (hydrogen and oxygen). Despite their success in

The first hydrogen fuel cell was created by William Grove in 1838. He demonstrated that an electric current could be produced by passing hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst.