Question: who played atticus finch in the movie to kill a mockingbird

Answer: Gregory Peck

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
 Sarabande Film Classics series. To Kill a Mockingbird (film) To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. "To Kill a Mockingbird" marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck,

This is a document about Mary Badham
 Mary Badham Mary Badham (born October 7, 1952) is an American actress who portrayed Jean Louise "Scout" Finch in "To Kill a Mockingbird" (1962), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At the time, Badham (aged 10) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category. Mary Badham had no film acting experience before being cast in "To Kill a Mockingbird". The Oscar in her category went to another child actress, Patty Duke for "The Miracle Worker". During filming, Badham became particularly close to actor Gregory Peck, who played Scout's father, Atticus Finch; she

This is a document about Conscience
 to journey without weapons, and being saved from failure by his earlier decision to spare the life of the creature Gollum. Conor Cruise O'Brien wrote that Albert Camus was the writer most representative of the Western consciousness and conscience in its relation to the non-Western world. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird portrays Atticus Finch (played by Gregory Peck in the classic film from the book (see To Kill a Mockingbird (film))) as a lawyer true to his conscience who sets an example to his children and community. The Robert Bolt play "A Man For All Seasons" focuses on the

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
 To Kill a Mockingbird (film) To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. "To Kill a Mockingbird" marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
 Jean Louise "Scout" Finch (Mary Badham) and her brother Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch (Phillip Alford), live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early 1930s. The story covers three years, during which Scout and Jem undergo changes in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing games with each other and spying on Arthur "Boo" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for many years and about whom many rumors circulate. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a town lawyer and has strong beliefs that all people are to be treated fairly,

This is a document about Jack Tarpley Camp Jr
 do believe more members of my generation went to law school because of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,'"—the movie based on Harper Lee's book starring Gregory Peck as the highly principled lawyer Atticus Finch, Camp said. "It came out while I was in college." He was in private practice in Birmingham, Alabama from 1973 to 1975, and in Newnan from 1975 to 1988. Camp remembered winning a jury acquittal in Pike County of a client who had shot and killed someone. While he was sitting at the counsel table after the verdict had been rendered, the widow of the dead man

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
 Tom Robinson in the film version, quoted Harper Lee at Peck's eulogy, saying, "Atticus Finch gave him an opportunity to play himself". Peters concluded his eulogy stating, "To my friend Gregory Peck, to my friend Atticus Finch, "vaya con Dios"". Peters remembered the role of Tom Robinson when he recalled, "It certainly is one of my proudest achievements in life, one of the happiest participations in film or theater I have experienced". Peters remained friends not only with Peck but with Mary Badham throughout his life. Peck himself admitted that many people have reminded him of this film more than

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird
 Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
 nice to think so. Walt Disney requested the film be privately screened in his house. At the film's conclusion, Disney sadly stated, "That was one hell of a picture. That's the kind of film I wish I could make." Gregory Peck's performance became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembered hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: "He called back immediately. No maybes. […] I must say the man and the character he played were not unalike". Peck later said in an interview that he was drawn to the

This is a document about Vince Foster
 him in style and substance to Gregory Peck's portrayal of Atticus Finch in the classic 1962 film "To Kill a Mockingbird". In Bill Clinton's memoir, he characterizes Foster as "a tall, handsome, wise, good man." Writer Carl Bernstein has described Foster as "tall, with impeccable manners and a formal mien ... elegant in perfectly tailored suits, and soft-spoken to the point of taciturnity." Writer Dan Moldea characterized him as "a 'can-do' lawyer who worked best when under pressure." Phillip Carroll, the leading litigator at Rose Law Firm, once said of Foster, "He was my ideal of a young lawyer." The

This is a document about Gregory Peck
 from bronchopneumonia at the age of 87 at his home in Los Angeles. His wife, Veronique, was by his side. Gregory Peck is entombed in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels mausoleum in Los Angeles. His eulogy was read by Brock Peters, whose character, Tom Robinson, was defended by Peck's Atticus Finch in "To Kill a Mockingbird". The celebrities who attended Peck's funeral included Lauren Bacall, Sidney Poitier, Harry Belafonte, Shari Belafonte, Harrison Ford, Calista Flockhart, Mike Farrell, Shelley Fabares, Jimmy Smits, Louis Jourdan, Dyan Cannon, Stephanie Zimbalist, Michael York, Angie Dickinson, Larry Gelbart, Michael Jackson, Anjelica Huston,

This is a document about Clayton W. Williams Sr
 in San Antonio. In 1974, he was named Fort Stockton's "Outstanding Citizen". In 1982, the year before his death, the West Texas Historical Association dedicated its "Yearbook" in his honor. Janet Pollard often compares her father to the Atticus Finch character, the compassionate lawyer portrayed by Gregory Peck in the novel and the film, "To Kill a Mockingbird". She says that her mother, Chic, reminds her of the actress Claudette Colbert: “uplifting, happy, inspirational, the kind of person you wanted to be around all the time." In 1983, Williams was diagnosed with terminal cancer. He reacted "stoically. ... All is

This is a document about Gregory Peck
 Gregory Peck Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor. He is one of the most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. Peck received five Academy Award for Best Actor nominations and won once for his performance as Atticus Finch in the 1962 drama film "To Kill a Mockingbird". Peck also received Oscar nominations for his roles in "The Keys of the Kingdom" (1944), "The Yearling" (1946), "Gentleman's Agreement" (1947) and "Twelve O'Clock High" (1949). Other notable films in which he appeared include "Spellbound" (1945), "The Gunfighter" (1950), "Roman Holiday" (1953),

This is a document about Brock Peters
 Lucius Fox in several episodes of "" and Morris Grant/Soul Power in the animated series "Static Shock" (2000–2004). Peters was once romantically involved with actress Ja'net Dubois. Peters was married to Dolores 'DiDi' Daniels from 1961 until her death in 1989. Their daughter Lisa Jo Peters was born November 3, 1962. Peters delivered the eulogy at Gregory Peck's funeral in 2003. His character, Tom Robinson, was defended by Peck's Atticus Finch in 1962's "To Kill a Mockingbird". He died in Los Angeles of pancreatic cancer on August 23, 2005, at the age of 78. Peters is buried in the Revelation

This is a document about Robert Mulligan
 novel by Harper Lee. Mulligan accepted the offer despite the awareness that "the other studios didn't want it because what's it about? It's about a middle-aged lawyer with two kids. There's no romance, no violence (except off-screen). There's no action. What is there? Where's the story?" With the help of a screenplay by Horton Foote as well as the pivotal casting of Gregory Peck in the role of Atticus Finch, the film became a huge hit, and Mulligan was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director. Mulligan and Pakula followed "To Kill a Mockingbird" with five more films: "Love

This is a document about Atticus Finch
  Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, To Kill a Mockingbird. A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel Go Set a Watchman, written in the mid-1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. He represents the African-American man Tom Robinson in his trial where he is charged with rape of Mayella Ewell. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial. Book magazine's list of The 100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900 names Finch as the seventh best fictional character of 20th-century literature. In 2003, the American Film Institute voted Atticus Finch, as portrayed in an Academy Award-winning performance by Gregory Peck in the 1962 film adaptation, as the greatest hero of all American cinema. In the 2018 Broadway stage play adapted by Aaron Sorkin, Finch is portrayed by various actors including Jeff Daniels, Ed Harris, Greg Kinnear, Rhys Ifans, and Richard Thomas.

This is a document about Gregory Peck
  Actor in a Drama and the film was nominated for Best Film and Director; the film was nominated for Best Film at the BAFTAs. The film was a commercial success as the sixth highest-grossing film of the year. In 2003, Atticus Finch, as portrayed by Peck, was named the greatest film hero of the past 100 years by the American Film Institute. Peck would later say of To Kill A Mockingbird: "My favorite film, without any question." When producer Alan J. Pakula and director Robert Mulligan approached Peck about taking the role of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird, Peck agreed to read the book.

This is a document about Vince Foster
  career gained force, Foster supported him. They were also personal friends and Foster was the one who taught their daughter Chelsea Clinton how to swim. Foster practiced mostly corporate law, eventually earning nearly $300,000 a year. Known for his extensive preparation of cases ahead of time, including the creation of decision trees, Foster developed a reputation as one of the best trial litigators in Arkansas. Hillary Clinton's memoir calls Foster "one of the best lawyers I've ever known," and compared him in style and substance to Gregory Peck's portrayal of Atticus Finch in the classic 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird. In Bill Clinton's memoir, he characterizes Foster as "a tall, handsome, wise, good man." Writer Carl Bernstein has

This is a document about To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
  To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize–winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film gained overwhelmingly positive reception from both the critics and the public; a box-office success, it earned more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for eight, including Best Picture. In 1995, the film was selected

Gregory Peck played Atticus Finch in the movie "To Kill a Mockingbird."


Question: winner of season 5 great british bake off

Answer: Nancy Birtwhistle

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 5)
 The Great British Bake Off (series 5) The fifth series of "The Great British Bake Off" began on Wednesday 6 August 2014. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. Twelve contestants competed in this series, and the competition was held in Welford Park in Berkshire. The series was won by Nancy Birtwhistle, with Luis Troyano and Richard Burr finishing as runners-up. The programme was moved from BBC Two to BBC One starting this year, however the Masterclass episodes remained on BBC Two. A companion series "" hosted by comedian Jo

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
 Nancy Birtwhistle in the final. A spin-off show "", hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants. In the U.S., the fifth series was broadcast as season 1 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 1. The sixth series began on 5 August 2015 on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show "" returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 5)
  The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off first aired on 6 August 2014, with twelve contestants. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. Twelve contestants competed in this series, and the competition was held in Welford Park in Berkshire. The series was won by Nancy Birtwhistle, with Luis Troyano and Richard Burr finishing as runners-up. The programme was moved from BBC Two to BBC One starting this year, but the Masterclass episodes remained on BBC Two. A companion series, The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand, started this year on BBC Two.

This is a document about List of bakers
 1) Edd Kimber, first winner of The Great British Bake Off ; 2) Joanne Wheatley, 2011 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 2) ; 3) John Whaite, 2012 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 3) ; 4) Nadiya Hussain, 2015 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 6) ; 5) Candice Brown, 2016 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 7)

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 6 August 2014 on BBC One. This series was filmed at Welford Park in Berkshire. There were twelve bakers taking part. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges, whilst Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc continued to present the series. Richard Burr was awarded the largest number of star baker designations of any series so far but was beaten by Nancy Birtwhistle in the final. A spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series in the same year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants. In the US, the fifth series was broadcast as season 1 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 1.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off Star Bakers
  The Great British Bake Off is a British television baking competition to find Britain's best amateur baker. The show premiered in 2010, and as of 2020, eleven series have been completed. From series two onwards, the judges have given the award of "Star Baker" to a single baker (though on some occasions there have been multiple) who was seen to have excelled in that particular week. The award is given by judges Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry (later Prue Leith), and numerous bakers have received the accolade on more than one occasion. For example, Ruby Tandoh in series four won the title of Star Baker three times. Currently, Richard Burr has won the title the most times, winning it five of a possible nine times. Winners of the programme usually have received the award at some point, but being the overall winner is not counted as winning the accolade.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  Nancy Birtwhistle (born c. 1954) is a British baker who, in winning the fifth series in 2014 at the age of 60, became the oldest winner of The Great British Bake Off. Birtwhistle – a grandmother of eight – had applied to appear in the program in 2013 but was unsuccessful. She now contributes to national papers such as The Daily Telegraph, has her own website, and gives baking demonstrations across the UK. Before taking baking up seriously, Birtwhistle was a Practice Manager at a GP surgery. She was born in Hull, and lives in Barton-upon-Humber with her husband, Tim. In 2019, Birtwhistle released a cookbook, Sizzle & Drizzle: Tips for a Modern Day Home-maker. She also wrote Clean & Green: 101 Hints and Tips for a More Eco-Friendly Home (2021).

This is a document about Ali Imdad
 1) REDIRECT The Great British Bake Off (series 4)

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  James Morton (born 1990/91), runner-up of the third series, was a University of Glasgow medical student at the time of the series. Since then, Morton graduated from the University with a medical degree in March 2015, qualifying him a doctor. He also established his blog containing his recipes. He is the son of Tom Morton, a broadcaster. Morton re-competed against Chetna Makan (series five), Howard Middleton (series four), and Janet Basu (series two) in the Boxing Day episode of The Great Christmas Bake Off 2016 special. Makan was crowned the episode's winner. Morton wrote cookbooks Brilliant Bread (2013), How Baking Works (2015), Brew: The Foolproof Guide to Making World-Class

This is a document about Challney High School for Girls
 Nadiya Hussain, winner of the sixth series of The Great British Bake Off

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. The final was won by Frances Quinn, with Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up. In the US, the fourth series was broadcast as season 2 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 2.

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The tenth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 27 August 2019. On 29 October 2019, David Atherton was announced as the winner of The Great British Bake Off 2019, becoming the first winner never to have won Star Baker during the competition. The runners-up were Steph Blackwell and Alice Fevronia. The tenth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 7.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  Sophie Faldo is a former British Army officer who was the winner of the eighth series in 2017, the first series to be broadcast on Channel 4. Faldo was born in London and grew up in Suffolk. She studied psychology at the University of Manchester and Toulouse. She joined the Royal Artillery and has served in Afghanistan. After leaving the Army, she worked as a personal trainer, taught military boot camps, and was training to be a stuntwoman when she was convinced by her chef boyfriend to apply for The Great British Bake Off. Faldo won the competition. Twelve hours before the final episode, judge Prue Leith accidentally tweeted the results. She appeared in an episode of a TV series Travels with a Goat on Insight TV, travelling to southern Kenya with Spanish food vlogger Abraham Bandera Baez. She has started a business, Sophie Faldo Couture Cakes. Faldo rowed to a high standard and was part of the Molesey Boat Club eight that won bronze at the 2011 British Rowing Championships.

This is a document about Dancing on Ice (series 5)
  The contestants for the fifth series were:

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The ninth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 28 August 2018. On 30 October 2018, Sheffield University researcher Rahul Mandal, from Rotherham, was announced as the winner of The Great British Bake Off 2018. The runners-up were Ruby Bhogal and Kim-Joy Hewlett. The ninth series is broadcast on Netflix as Collection 6.

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The number of amateur baker contestants increased to twelve for the second series. Unlike Series 1, this year The Great British Bake Off stayed in one location – Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge, London. The finalists were Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 4)
  The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 20 August 2013. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins again presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. As with series three, the competition was held at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. 13,000 amateur bakers applied to appear on the programme, and 100 were selected for screen test, with the best 60 advancing to a three-day audition. From these, 13 contestants were chosen this year so the judges could eliminate two people whenever they wanted. The winner of the Great British Bake Off 2013 was Frances Quinn.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  Luis Troyano (late 1971 – late October 2020), one of the runners-up of the fifth series, owned a graphic design business at the time of competition. He was born in Stockport, England to his Spanish-born parents, Maria and Manuel, who emigrated to the United Kingdom in the 1960s. He began working daily for his father's Italian restaurant after school at age 12. His father Manuel died of cancer when Luis was 16. After Bake Off, Troyano wrote a 2015 cookbook Bake It Great. He opened The Hive Bakery in Poynton, Cheshire in 2016. In April 2019, Troyano had a cancer surgery, which he mentioned on Twitter. As confirmed by his agent on 5 November 2020 via Twitter, he died of esophageal cancer at age 48 on the week of 25 October 2020. Until his death, he was married to his wife Louise, also a graphic designer.

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The third series of The Great British Bake Off began on 14 August 2012. The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. The finalists were Brendan Lynch, James Morton and John Whaite, the last of whom won the final in a surprise result. In the US, the third series was broadcast as season 5 on PBS, and on Netflix as The Great British Baking Show: The Beginnings.

Nancy Birtwhistle won the fifth series of The Great British Bake Off.


Question: who played bobby byrd in get on up

Answer: Nelsan Ellis

This is a document about Bobby Byrd
 You Got Soul" and "Hot Pants" were featured on the "" , playing on fictional radio station Master Sounds 98.3. In September 2005 his song "Try It Again" appeared on the soundtrack of "Indigo Prophecy.' Byrd was portrayed by actor Nelsan Ellis in the 2014 James Brown bio film "Get on Up". In 1986 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame officials announced that James Brown would be included in a list of the first nine musicians to be inducted by the organization. Due to his contributions to the industry and his influence on the R&B, Soul, and Funk Music genres,

This is a document about Get on Up (film)
 You Won't See in "Get on Up"". The film grossed $13,585,915 during its opening weekend, finishing in third place at the domestic box office behind fellow new release "Guardians of the Galaxy" ($94,320,883) and "Lucy" ($18,252,590). As of September 22, 2014, "Get on Up" has grossed $30,569,935, against a $30 million budget. Get on Up (film) Get on Up is a 2014 American biographical drama film about the life of singer James Brown directed by Tate Taylor and written by Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chadwick Boseman as Brown, Nelsan Ellis as Bobby Byrd,

This is a document about Get on Up (film)
 Get on Up (film) Get on Up is a 2014 American biographical drama film about the life of singer James Brown directed by Tate Taylor and written by Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chadwick Boseman as Brown, Nelsan Ellis as Bobby Byrd, Dan Aykroyd as Ben Bart, Viola Davis as Susie Brown, Craig Robinson as Maceo Parker and Octavia Spencer as Aunt Honey. The film was released on August 1, 2014. "Get on Up" is told using a nonlinear narrative as if through James Brown's stream of consciousness, including asynchronous events and frequent breaks

This is a document about Nelsan Ellis
 film about the life of singer James Brown. He portrayed Bobby Byrd, Brown's longtime friend. "Get on Up" was met with positive reviews from critics. From 2016 to 2017, Ellis starred as Shinwell Johnson in "Elementary." His character dies near the end of Season 5. The first episode to air after Ellis’ death, the Season 6 premier, ended with the screen “In Memory of Our Friend Nelsan Ellis”. His final acting role was in "True to the Game", which was released posthumously. Ellis died at the age of 39 on July 8, 2017, in Woodhull Medical Center in Brooklyn, New

This is a document about Get on Up (film)
 Brown. Boseman did all of his own dancing and some singing. The soundtrack is live recordings of James Brown. On September 17, Universal announced an open casting call for actors, musicians, and extras for different roles in the biopic, which was held on September 21. On September 30, Taylor cast Viola Davis to play Susie Brown and Octavia Spencer to play Aunt Honey. On October 21, Nelsan Ellis joined the cast of film to portray Bobby Byrd, Brown's long-time friend. Lennie James joined the cast on October 23, to play the role of Brown's father Joseph "Joe" James. Jill Scott

This is a document about Chadwick Boseman
  was not a method acting approach, and more a necessity due to Boseman holding his vocal cords unnaturally to imitate Brown's southern drawl. His performance was praised as the highlight of an also good movie, with the Rotten Tomatoes critical consensus reading: "With an unforgettable Chadwick Boseman in the starring role, Get On Up offers the Godfather of Soul a fittingly dynamic homage." Among the critics was Time Richard Corliss (hyperbolically) saying that Boseman "deserves a Pulitzer, a Nobel and instant election to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame." Eulogizing Boseman, Donald Clarke of The Irish Times said that

This is a document about Bobby Bennett (The Famous Flames)
  Fame website issued an article paying tribute to him. He is survived by his wife of many years, Sandi, and their children. Actor/choreographer Aakomon Jones played Famous Flame Bobby Bennett in the James Brown biofilm "Get on Up", which opened in U.S.theatres on January 8, 2014. He also served as choreographer for the film. In 2020, Bobby Bennett was posthumously inducted with the rest of The Famous Flames' members Baby Lloyd Stallworth, Bobby Byrd, and Johnny Terry into the National Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame, some seven years after the induction of Flames lead singer James Brown into the same organization.

This is a document about Get on Up (film)
  On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 167 reviews, with an average rating of 6.88/10. The site's consensus reads: "With an unforgettable Chadwick Boseman in the starring role, Get on Up offers the Godfather of Soul a fittingly dynamic homage." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Brandon Smith received praise from critics for his brief but memorable role as Little Richard. Music critic Robert Christgau found the film "not just good--great. Better than The Help, which I quite admire, and Ray, which I love. A mite short of a work of genius--it

This is a document about Get on Up (film)
  Get on Up is a 2014 American biographical musical drama film about the life of singer James Brown and is directed by Tate Taylor and written by Jez and John-Henry Butterworth. Produced by Brian Grazer, Mick Jagger, Taylor and Victoria Pearman, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chadwick Boseman as Brown, Nelsan Ellis as Bobby Byrd, Dan Aykroyd as Ben Bart, Viola Davis as Susie Brown, Craig Robinson as Maceo Parker, and Octavia Spencer as Aunt Honey. The project was announced August 2013, along with Boseman, Davis, Spencer and Ellis' casting. Principal photography began on November 4, 2013 and took place in Mississippi, where the entire film was shot on location in 49 days. The film was released on August 1, 2014 in the United States and received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise directed at the performances of the cast (particularly those of Boseman and Ellis), and grossed $33 million worldwide at the box office.

This is a document about Little Richard
  am done, in a sense, because I don't feel like doing anything right now", he told the magazine, adding, "I think my legacy should be that when I started in showbusiness there wasn't no such thing as rock'n'roll. When I started with 'Tutti Frutti', that's when rock really started rocking." Richard would perform one last concert in Murfreesboro, Tennessee in 2014. In 2014, actor Brandon Mychal Smith received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Richard in the James Brown biographical drama film Get on Up. Mick Jagger co-produced the motion picture. In June 2015, Richard appeared before a benefit concert audience, clad in

This is a document about Syd Nathan
  Nathan was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Bluegrass Hall of Fame in 2007. In the James Brown biopic Get on Up, Nathan is portrayed by the actor Fred Melamed.

This is a document about Nelsan Ellis
  The Butler received mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 71% rating on the film critic aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 171 reviews. The following year, Ellis joined the cast of Get on Up, a biographical drama film about the life of singer James Brown. He portrayed Bobby Byrd, Brown's longtime friend. Get on Up was met with positive reviews from critics. From 2016 to 2017, Ellis starred as Shinwell Johnson in the TV series Elementary. His character dies near the end of Season 5. The first episode to air after Ellis' death, the season 6 premiere, ended with the screen "In Memory of Our Friend Nelsan Ellis". His final acting role was in True to the Game, which was released posthumously.

This is a document about 46th NAACP Image Awards
 Chadwick Boseman – Get On Up ; David Oyelowo – Selma ; Denzel Washington – The Equalizer ; Idris Elba – No Good Deed ; Nate Parker – Beyond the Lights

This is a document about Robert Nation
  throughout the Caribbean to record audio onsite for Taste of life: A Gourmet Food Travel Show (Food Network) and High Point: Casinos of the World starring Kenny Rogers. Robert also worked as part of the Canadian Crew for Michael Moore’s Academy Award nominated movie Sicko. Most recently, Robert worked as an audio post-production engineer recording dialogue for Christopher Plummer’s character in Pixar's Academy Award winning movie Up. Robert is now an audio engineering professor at Fanshawe College in the Music Industry Arts program and continues to operate EMAC Studios. He is also the chair for the Producer of the Year selection committee for Canada’s Juno Awards and sits on education panels for the Jack Richardson Music Awards and the Audio Engineering Society. ==Selected Discography ==

This is a document about Maceo Parker
  Parker was portrayed by Craig Robinson in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get on Up.

This is a document about Bobby Byrd
  Numerous songs in hip hop music have sampled Byrd-associated songs such as "I Know You Got Soul", "Think (About It)", "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine", "Soul Power", "Make It Funky" and "I'm Not to Blame". Byrd's music has had a lasting influence on numerous soul, R&B, and hip hop artists. In the Famous Flames' Rock & Roll Hall of Fame page, Byrd is regarded as "one of the more important auxiliary figures in the career of a major artist in music history." In October 2004, Byrd's songs "I Know You Got Soul" and "Hot Pants" were featured on the Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas soundtrack, playing on fictional radio station Master Sounds 98.3. In September 2005 his song "Try It Again" appeared on the soundtrack of Indigo Prophecy. Byrd was portrayed by actor Nelsan Ellis in the 2014 James Brown bio film Get on Up.

This is a document about Craig Robinson (actor)
  the Korean film D-War (Korean: 디워), released in North America as Dragon Wars: D-War in 2007. Around 2014, Robinson portrayed a farmer in commercials for the mobile game Hay Day. Making a departure from his comedy background, Robinson portrayed saxophonist Maceo Parker in the James Brown biopic Get On Up (2014). In December 2015, he appeared in several Wal-Mart commercials promoting their credit card while singing and playing the piano at the store. He received rave reviews for the A24 drama Morris from America (2016), earning a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male. He also

This is a document about Pee Wee Ellis
   Alfred James Ellis (April 21, 1941 – September 23, 2021), known as Pee Wee Ellis due to his diminutive stature, was an American saxophonist, composer, and arranger. With a background in jazz, he was a member of James Brown's band in the 1960s, appearing on many of Brown's recordings and co-writing hits like "Cold Sweat" and "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud". He also worked with Van Morrison. In the 2014 biographical movie Get on Up about James Brown, Ellis is played by Tariq Trotter. Ellis resided in England for the last 30 years of his life.

This is a document about It's a Man's Man's Man's World
 The song was featured in the 1993 film A Bronx Tale, which starred actor Robert De Niro, who also directed the film. ; The song was featured in the 1993 television film Portrait of a Young Girl at the End of the 60s in Brussels, directed by Chantal Akerman ; The song was also featured in the 2000 Liam Neeson/Sandra Bullock action comedy Gun Shy ; The song appeared in the opening of the 2012 comedy hit Think Like a Man, starring Kevin Hart, Gabrielle Union and Taraji P. Henson ; The song was featured in the 2014 James Brown biopic Get On Up, starring Chadwick Boseman, Dan Aykroyd, and Viola Davis. ; The song was featured in the 2019 film The Kitchen

Nelsan Ellis played Bobby Byrd in the film "Get on Up."


Question: how old do you have to be to purchase a handgun in indiana

Answer: 18 years old

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
 ammunition. Firearms dealers or private individuals may not sell any firearm to someone less than 18 years old, or less than 23 years old if the buyer was "adjudicated a delinquent child for an act that would be a felony if committed by an adult", or to a person who is mentally incompetent or is a drug or alcohol abuser. All NFA-regulated weapons and devices are legal in Indiana. Indiana honors all other states handgun licenses, though not all other states honor Indiana's license. Because there is no obligation for one state to notify another state of any change in

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
  Firearms dealers or private individuals may not sell any firearm to someone less than 18 years old, or less than 23 years old if the buyer was "adjudicated a delinquent child for an act that would be a felony if committed by an adult", to a person who is mentally incompetent or is a drug or alcohol abuser, or who is otherwise not a "proper person" as defined by Indiana Code 35-47-1-7. All NFA-regulated weapons and devices are legal in Indiana.

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
  or one is a law enforcement officer, a handgun is not permissible on school property, except with regard to the above and aforementioned requirement of having the firearm locked in a vehicle as found in Indiana Code 35-47-9-2. Indiana is a "shall issue" state for the License To Carry a Handgun. A license to carry will be issued to individuals age 18 or older who meet a number of legal requirements. Currently both limited term and unlimited lifetime licenses are available. Grounds for disqualification include a conviction for a felony or for misdemeanor domestic battery. A license can also be denied if the applicant

This is a document about Gun laws in Michigan
  At the age of 18 or up, it is legal to buy a pistol with a purchase license from a private seller, at the age of 21, it is legal to buy a firearm from a Federally licensed (FFL) dealer. No purchase license is required to purchase a long gun (a firearm that is more than 26 inches long) in Michigan. According to state law, a long gun may be purchased by anyone aged 18 or over who is not subject to restrictions based on criminal history, mental health history, or other disqualifying factor. A person must be at least 18 years old to

This is a document about Gun laws in Ohio
  To purchase a long gun (rifle or shotgun) in Ohio, a person must be at least 18 years of age, with some restrictions still remaining. To be able to qualify to purchase a handgun (pistol or revolver) in Ohio, a person must be at least 21 years of age. This applies to both private sales and those through a Federal Firearms Licensee. However, the law regarding purchasing age is silent on ammunition, components and accessories. In Ohio, there are also a few other laws that are important to be mindful of. It is illegal to consciously fire a firearm while inside of a motor vehicle. Antique or replica rifles, shotguns, and handguns are supposed to be treated with the same urgency and under the same law a modern firearm would be. Antiques or

This is a document about Gun laws in Delaware
  The basic requirements to purchase a handgun are as follows: You must be 21 or older, you must have a state-registered ID, and pass a Federal background check.

This is a document about Gun laws in New York
  the intention to load or fire it. In New York City, only adults at least 21 years of age or older can purchase or own a firearm with a permit or license issued by the NYPD. In the rest of the state, adults 18 years of age or older can purchase long guns (rifles & shotguns) without a permit, and only adults 21 years of age or older can purchase or possess a handgun (with the proper licensing requirements). Minors who are at least 16 years of age can possess long guns. Age restrictions on purchasing apply for both FFL dealers and

This is a document about Gun laws in Pennsylvania
  Pennsylvania state law refers to a handgun as a "firearm", while "long gun" is used to describe a shotgun, or rifle of a certain length or longer. Minimum age for purchasing a long gun is 18, and the age restriction for purchasing a handgun is 21. However, someone can own a handgun if he or she is 18 and received the handgun as a gift. To purchase a firearm, buyers must be at least 18 years of age. They can never have been convicted of a violent crime, must not be an undocumented immigrant, declared mentally ill by the court, a drug addict or

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
 IC 35-47-2-1 prohibits carrying handguns or possession within dwelling by those convicted of domestic battery. ; IC 35-47-4-6 states that it is a Class A misdemeanor for a person convicted of domestic battery to possess a firearm. ; IC 35-47-2-7 prohibits transfer or sale of firearms to any person with a felony conviction. ; IC 35-47-4-5 prohibits possession of firearms for convictions of "serious violent felonies". Both Indiana and Federal laws restrict purchase and possession under certain circumstances. Federal law prohibits possession of firearms for life by those convicted of felonies and for those convicted of misdemeanors involving domestic violence. Indiana law prohibits as follows: While Indiana law mirrors federal law for the most part, it does not ban those with non-violent felonies from possession of firearms. Therefore, a person with a non-violent felony in Indiana would be allowed to possess a firearm under Indiana law, but because federal law prohibits possession in this instance, that person would be unable to purchase a firearm since purchasing a firearm is subject to federal law and a NICS background check.

This is a document about Gun laws in Delaware
  The basic requirements to purchase a long barrel gun are almost identical to handgun laws. You must be 18 years or older, you must also have a state-registered ID, and pass a Federal background check.

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
  carry issued by Indiana in order to legally carry a handgun in the state. As of July 1, 2019, licenses will be issued for five years. As of July 1, 2020, there will be no fee for five-year licenses. Indiana law stands mute vis-à-vis long gun carry. There are some Department of Natural Resources (DNR) rules, but these only apply on DNR properties or to hunters. Generally speaking, possession of long guns is legal whether the gun is either on one's person or in one's motor vehicle, loaded or not, concealed or not. There are additional rules regarding firearms possession on ATVs and snowmobiles.

This is a document about Gun laws in Indiana
  In Indiana, the police may temporarily confiscate firearms from people who are threatening to harm themselves or others. No warrant or judge's signature is necessary. The police must submit a written statement describing why the person whose guns were seized is considered dangerous, and the person can respond at a hearing. Within 14 days a judge must agree that probable cause exists, or the person's guns must be returned. Indiana provides lawsuit protection to law-abiding manufacturers, sellers, and trade associations for the misuse of firearms by third parties. Lawsuits are permitted for cases of damage or injury caused by defective firearms or ammunition, or breach of contract or warranty. Indiana's law about self-defense (and the defense of others) can be found at Indiana Code, Title 35, Article 41, Chapter 3–2. Suppressors are legal in the state of Indiana with the correct provisions and tax stamps to the correct federal entities and may be used for hunting. The information in this article is either directly stated (or inferred) from Indiana Code, Title 35, Article 47, Chapters 1–14, Title 34, Article 28, Chapter 7 and Title 34, Article 12, Chapter 3.

This is a document about Gun laws in New York
  Gun shows: New York requires anyone who buys a gun at a gun show to pass a background check. Youth and firearms: Youths between ages 14 and 21 may shoot a handgun at a range only if they are under the supervision of a military officer or licensed professional, have not been convicted of a felony, and do not seem to be a danger to themselves or others. Youths between 12 and 15 may only possess to load or fire a firearm when supervised by an adult with specific qualifications. Children under the age of 12 are not permitted to possess a firearm

This is a document about Firearms regulation in Canada
  By law, a potential customer must be 18 years of age or older to purchase a firearm or legally maintain possession of one. People under the age of 18 but over the age of 12 may procure a minor's licence, which does not allow them to purchase a firearm but allows them to borrow a firearm unsupervised and purchase ammunition. Children under the age of 12 that are found to need a firearm to hunt or trap may also be awarded the minor's licence. This is generally reserved for children in remote locations, primarily aboriginal communities that engage in subsistence hunting.

This is a document about Gun laws in Ohio
  have to be carried and purchased under modern Ohio regulatory law. While there are restrictions against purchasing a long gun under 18 years of age and purchasing a handgun under 21 years of age, there are no restrictions against possessing a long gun under the age of 18 or possessing a handgun under the age of 21. Ohio law is silent on 80% receivers and other firearms parts, as well as manufacturing one's own firearm. One may openly carry a long gun or handgun under the respective purchasing ages, per se. One may not furnish or sell a long gun to anyone under the age of 18, nor furnish or sell a handgun to anyone under the age of 21. The law is silent on furnishing or selling ammunition, components or accessories.

This is a document about Ages of consent in the United States
  The age of consent in Indiana is 16. A close-in-age exception allows minors 14–15 years of age to legally consent to sex with a partner who is less than 18 years old. With regard to sex with children 14 or older, Indiana law states the following: "A person at least eighteen (18) years of age who, with a child at least fourteen (14) years of age but less than sixteen (16) years of age, performs or submits to sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct (as defined in IC 35-31.5-2-221.5) commits sexual misconduct with a minor, a Level 5 felony." Under certain

This is a document about Gun violence in the United States
  change in the firearm homicide rate over the ensuing 10 years. A 2018 study found no evidence of an association between the repeal of comprehensive background check policies and firearm homicide and suicide rates in Indiana and Tennessee. Among juveniles (minors under the age of 16, 17, or 18, depending on legal jurisdiction) serving in correctional facilities, 86% had owned a gun, with 66% acquiring their first gun by age 14. There was also a tendency for juvenile offenders to have owned several firearms, with 65% owning three or more. Juveniles most often acquired guns illegally from family, friends, drug dealers, and street contacts. Inner city youths

This is a document about Firearms regulation in Norway
  issuing a gun ownership license is given to the police authority in the applicant's district. Rifle and shotgun ownership permission can be given to "sober and responsible" persons 18 years or older. The applicant for the permission must document a need for the weapon. Three exceptions exist to this age qualification. Persons under the age of 18, but over 16 may apply for rifle or shotgun ownership licence with the consent of parents or guardian. For handguns, the lowest ownership age is 21 with no exceptions allowed. For inherited weapons, it is up to the local police chief to make a decision based on the individual facts of the case. An applicant must have a clean police record in order to obtain an ownership license.

This is a document about Gun laws in Illinois
  To legally possess or purchase firearms or ammunition, Illinois residents must have a Firearm Owner's Identification (FOID) card, which is issued by the Illinois State Police. The police must issue FOID cards to eligible applicants. An applicant is disqualified if he or she has been convicted of a felony or an act of domestic violence, is the subject of an order of protection, has been convicted of assault or battery or been a patient in a mental institution within the last five years, has been adjudicated as a mental defective, or is an illegal immigrant. Applicants under the age of 21 must have the written consent of a parent or legal

In Indiana, you must be 18 years old to purchase a handgun from a private seller, or 21 years old to purchase a handgun from a federally licensed dealer.


Question: what is the first colour film in india

Answer: Kisan Kanya

This is a document about Bollywood
 switched to sound filming. The 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times: India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their plots. In 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of "Alam Ara" fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, "Kisan Kanya". The next year, he made another colour film, a version of "Mother India". However, colour did not become a popular

This is a document about Film industry
 a backdrop for their plots. In 1937 Ardeshir Irani, of "Alam Ara" fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, "Kisan Kanya". The next year, he made another colour film, a version of "Mother India". However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the staple fare at the cinema. Following India's independence, the period from the late 1940s to the early 1960s is regarded by film historians as the "Golden Age" of Hindi cinema. Defining key figures during this time included Raj Kapoor, Guru Dutt, Mehboob Khan,

This is a document about Ardeshir Irani
 film, "Noor Jahan" (1931). He completed his hat-trick of earning fame when he made the first colour feature film of India, "Kisan Kanya" (1937). His contribution does not end only with giving voice to the silent cinema and colour to black-and-white films. He gave a new courageous outlook to filmmaking in India and provided such a wide range of choice for stories in films that till date, there are films being made which have a theme relating to one of the one hundred fifty-eight films made by Irani. In 1933, Irani produced and directed the first Persian talkie, "Dokhtar-e-Lor". The

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
 First Tamil colour film - Sita Kalyanam (1934) ; First Tamil film with hand-coloured sequence – Bhaktha Chetha (1940) ; First full length hand-coloured Tamil film – Haridas (1944) ; Last film with hand-coloured sequence – Vedhala Ulagam (1948) ; First film with Gevacolor sequence – Kalyaanam Pannippaar (1952) ; First full length Gevacolor Tamil film – Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956) ; First Tamil film with sequence originally shot in Technicolor – Athisaya Penn (1959) ; First full length Tamil film that released its prints in Technicolor – Veerapandiya Kattabomman (1959) ; Earliest Tamil films with Eastmancolor sequences – Raja

This is a document about Kisan Kanya
 The first Indian color film to be made entirely in India (the earlier Sairandhri (1933) was processed and printed in Germany). This film was also more favorably received than its predecessor.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
 Konkani cinema's first colour film was Mog Ani Moipas, released in 1977. ; Tulu cinema's first colour film was Kariyani Kattandi Kandani, released in 1978.

This is a document about List of cinematic firsts
 With Our King and Queen Through India, a documentary recording Indian celebrations around the coronation of George V, is the first feature film to be released in colour, using the Kinemacolour system.

This is a document about Cinema of India
  by Moti B was released, the first colour film made in India. The 1940 film, Vishwa Mohini, is the first Indian film to depict the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi. Swamikannu Vincent, who had built the first cinema of South India in Coimbatore, introduced the concept of "Tent Cinema" in which a tent was erected on a stretch of open land to screen films. The first of its kind was in Madras, called Edison's Grand Cinemamegaphone. This was due to the fact that electric carbons were used for motion picture projectors. Bombay Talkies opened in 1934 and Prabhat Studios in Pune began production of

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  The South Indian film industry produced colour films since the 40s, especially the Kollywood. The earliest colour films in India were also produced in South India.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  had sequences in colour. Both the versions were great successes. Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum made history in Tamil cinema by being the first Tamil film to be entirely shot and released in Gevacolor. It was also the first full-length colour film released in South India. A production of Modern Theatres and released in 1956, the film starred M. G. Ramachandran and Bhanumathi Ramakrishna in lead roles. This film was a swashbuckler which is still remembered by the current generation. Marma Veeran, released in the same year, is believed to contain sequences in Gevacolor. Films like Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum and Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam influenced other Tamil film directors and

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  Eastmancolor is a trade name used by Eastman Kodak for a number of related film and processing technologies associated with colour motion picture production. First introduced in 1950, it was one of the first widely successful "single-strip colour" processes, and eventually displaced the more cumbersome Technicolor. Eastmancolor was known by a variety of names such as Deluxe colour (20th Century Fox), Warnercolor, Metrocolor, Pathecolor and Columbiacolor. Eastmancolor made its debut in Tamil cinema in 1959 through the film Raja Malayasimman. The film was simultaneously shot in Telugu with the same titles and were "partly coloured". Director K. Shankar announced that his film Parma Pidha (1961) would be shot entirely in Eastmancolor. Starring M. G. Ramachandran and B. Sarojadevi in the lead roles, shooting took place for two days but unfortunately, the film

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  Some Indian films were hand-coloured, beginning in the 1940s. Bhaktha Chetha, a 1940 Tamil language film directed and produced by Krishnaswami Subrahmanyam, contained sequences which were hand-coloured. This is known to be the earliest Tamil film to have scenes in colour. This process colourises film shot originally in black and white by colouring the negatives frame by frame. Mangamma Sabatham (1943) included hand-tinted scenes. Haridas, released in 1944, has a clear statement of its release in full new colour copy in its poster. Saalivaahanan, a 1945 film by B. N. Rao, had a hand-coloured sequenced of a romantic scene by Ranjan and T. R. Rajakumari. This film is currently known to be lost with no surviving prints. A. V. M. Productions's Naam Iruvar (1947) and Vedhala Ulagam (1948) had hand-coloured sequences. The last sequence of Vethala Ulagam was hand tinted and drew large crowds because such coloured sequences in Tamil cinema were a rarity then. Murugesan was an expert craftsman, who could paint every frame in the positive print.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  and Deiva Balam (1959) ; Only South Indian film entirely shot and released its prints in Technicolor – Konjum Salangai (1962) ; Last Tamil film entirely shot in Gevacolor – Lava Kusa (1963) ; First Tamil film entirely shot in Eastmancolor – Kadhalikka Neramillai (1964) ; First South Indian colour film in Cinemascope – Rajaraja Cholan (1973) ; Last Tamil film to be "partly coloured" – Swathi Natchathiram (1974), Andharangam (1975) & Mazhai Maegham (1976) ; First Tamil film shot in ORWO colour – Pattina Pravaesam (1978) ; Last Tamil film in black and white – Sandhya Raagam (1989)

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  Telugu cinema produced films with colour portions since the late 50s. Allauddin Adhbhuta Deepam, released in 1957, is the earliest Telugu film to have a colour sequence. Lava Kusa (1963) was Telugu cinema's first full-length colour film.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  Technicolor is a series of colour motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades. Technicolor had never been widely used in Tamil cinema as it is the world's most expensive colour process. Only three Tamil films were associated with Technicolor. Athisaya Penn, a 1959 remake of the Hindi film Aasha was entirely shot in Gevacolor with dance portions in Technicolor. This is the first Tamil film to contain sequences shot and released originally in Technicolor. Veerapandiya Kattabomman, entirely shot in Gevacolor, had its prints released in Technicolor for a long-lasting colour image. This process kept the colour of the film well preserved. Only this film in South India used this process. The only

This is a document about Modern Theatres
  in Tamil Films introduced in Uthama Puthiran starring P. U. Chinnappa in the year 1940. ; The first most expensive film to be produced was Manonmani in 1942, starring P. U. Chinnappa and T. R. Rajakumari. ; First Tamil Color film (Geva Color) was Alibabavum Narpadhu Thirudargalum-1956 ; First Malayalam Talkie film called Balan directed by Notani was produced in 1938 ; First Malayalam Color film was Kandam Becha Kottu in 1961 ; First English film in Tamil Nadu: Modern Theatres teamed up with an American Film company to produce the first English movie in 1952- The Jungle ; First film in which Manorama

This is a document about Musical film
   Bollywood musicals have their roots in the traditional musical theatre of India, such as classical Indian musical theatre, Sanskrit drama, and Parsi theatre. Early Bombay filmmakers combined these Indian musical theatre traditions with the musical film format that emerged from early Hollywood sound films. Other early influences on Bombay filmmakers included Urdu literature and the Arabian Nights. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was a major commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals; Bollywood and all the regional film industries quickly switched to sound filming. In 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another colour film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a popular feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the staple fare at the cinema.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  Stree Rathna (1955) had some colour sequences. Rathnagiri Rahasya (1957) had some song sequences in Gevacolor. A dance drama sequence from the film School Master was shot in Gevacolor. Amarashilpi Jakanachaari was the first full-length Kannada colour film to be released. It was shot in Eastmancolor. Kannada cinema produced many colour films in the '70s.

This is a document about Earliest colour films in South India
  coloured" during this period. Director C. V. Sridhar used unique cinematography in his Eastmancolor films which were hits in Tamil cinema, including Kadhalikka Neramillai, Vennira Aadai and Ooty Varai Uravu. Many devotional films directed by A. P. Nagarajan in the '60s were released in Eastmancolor, and their colours have never faded. These films include Thiruvilaiyadal, Saraswathi Sabatham, Kandhan Karunai, Thiruvarutchelvar and Thirumal Perumai. Thillana Mohanambal, starring Sivaji Ganesan and Padmini, was entirely shot in colour. Rajaraja Cholan (1973) was the first Cinemascope film in South India, which was coloured by Eastmancolor. Films such as Veerabhimanyu (1965), Thunaivan (1969), Swathi Natchathiram (1974), Andharangam (1975) and Mazhai Maegham (1976) were among films "partly coloured" by Eastmancolor, while entirely Eastmancolor-shot films like Kannamma (1972) and Rajapart Rangadurai (1973) were partly in black and white.

The first color film in India was "Kisan Kanya," which was made in 1937 by Ardeshir Irani. However, it was not a commercial success and the first popular color film in India was "Kismet" in 1943.


Question: when did cavity wall insulation become part of building regulations

Answer: 1990s

This is a document about Cavity wall
 the two leaves of the cavity wall together, while in the 20th century metal ties came into use. Initially cavity widths were extremely narrow and were primarily implemented to prevent the passage of moisture into the interior of the building. The widespread introduction of insulation into the cavity began in the 1970s with it becoming compulsory in building regulations during the 1990s. A cavity wall is composed of two masonry walls separated by a continuous air space in between the outer and the inner wall. The outer wall is the brick wall that faces the outside of the building structure.[1]

This is a document about Exterior insulation finishing system
 Exterior insulation finishing system Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. In Europe, systems similar to EIFS are known as External Wall Insulation System (EWIS) and External Thermal Insulation Cladding System (ETICS). EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America, first on masonry buildings, but since the 1990s the majority on wood framed buildings. There is a history of water infiltration problems causing damage to buildings resulting in costly legal cases, so

This is a document about Cavity wall
  Cavity wall construction was introduced in the United Kingdom during the 19th century and gained widespread use in the 1920s. In some early examples, stones were used to tie the two skins together, while in the 20th century metal ties came into use. Initially cavity widths were narrow and were primarily implemented to reduce the passage of moisture into the interior of the building. The introduction of insulation into the cavity became standard in the 1970s and compulsory in the 1990s.

This is a document about Trimarco v. Klein
  to 1976. Since at least the early 1950s, a practice of using shatterproof glazing materials for bathroom enclosures had come into common use, so that by 1976 the glass door here no longer conformed to accepted safety standards. P also showed that over this period bulletins of nationally recognized safety and consumer organizations along with official Federal publications had joined in warning of the dangers that lurked when plain glass was utilized in "hazardous locations", including "bathtub enclosures". Over objection, the trial court also allowed in sections of New York's General Business Law, which, as of July 1, 1973, required,

This is a document about Pennyland project
  The short payback times encouraged Milton Keynes Development Corporation to introduce its own Building Regulation standards for new housing within the city leading to the major 1986 Energy World demonstration project and exhibition. The issue of mould growth in air-tight houses has since been tackled by Building Regulation requirements for specific ventilation in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets. The levels of insulation tested at Pennyland and Great Linford in the early 1980s were only surpassed in the UK Building Regulation requirements in 2002.

This is a document about Low-energy house
  Triggered in the 1970s by the first energy crisis and growing environmental awareness, energy conservation became increasingly important in Germany. In 1977, the country's first energy-related building standard was enacted. The annual heating requirement was introduced as an important parameter by the third German Thermal Insulation Ordinance (1995). In 2013, however, there was no clear legal requirement for a low-energy building standard in Germany. According to Maria Panagiotidou and Robert J. Fuller, definitions, policies and construction activity of zero-energy buildings must be clear. The European Union's Energy Performance Directive requires that beginning in 2021, only low-energy buildings may be built.

This is a document about Smoke detector
  In the United States, the first standard for home smoke alarms was established in 1967. In 1969, the AEC allowed homeowners to use smoke detectors without a license. The Life Safety Code (NFPA 101), passed by the National Fire Protection Association in 1976, first required smoke alarms in homes. Smoke alarm sensitivity requirements in UL 217 were modified in 1985 to reduce susceptibility to nuisance alarms. In 1988 BOCA, ICBO, and SBCCI model building codes begin requiring smoke alarms to be interconnected and located in all sleeping rooms. In 1989 NFPA 74 first required smoke alarms to be interconnected in every new home construction, and in

This is a document about Ventilation (architecture)
  noted as early as 1872 that concentration closely correlates to perceived air quality. The first estimate of minimum ventilation rates was developed by Tredgold in 1836. This was followed by subsequent studies on the topic by Billings in 1886 and Flugge in 1905. The recommendations of Billings and Flugge were incorporated into numerous building codes from 1900–1920s, and published as an industry standard by ASHVE (the predecessor to ASHRAE) in 1914. Study continued into the varied effects of thermal comfort, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and biological contaminants. Research was conducted with humans subjects controlled test chambers. Two studies, published between 1909

This is a document about Refrigerator death
  the mid-1950s, volunteers and health inspectors searched out abandoned refrigerators in order to detach doors and break latches. However, these efforts were not entirely effective, and children were still dying inside refrigerators that had not been found and dismantled. The Refrigerator Safety Act in 1956 was a U.S. law that required a change in the way refrigerator doors stay shut. It was codified at 15 U.S.C. 1211–1214 as Public Law 84-930, 70 Stat. 953, on 2 August 1956. The act applied to all refrigerators manufactured in the United States after 31 October 1958, and is largely responsible for the adoption of the magnetic mechanism that is used

This is a document about Hugh Ralston Crawford
  first flat-slab building was the Johnson-Bovey building of 1906. Some of these buildings still exist and at least one, the 1906 Hoffman (a.k.a. Marshall) building was designated an ASCE National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 2002. Between 1906 and 1909, at least eighteen other buildings of this type were built in the U.S.A. Crawford was involved in applying the Turner system to the design of Dovers building in Drewery Lane, Melbourne in 1908. This was the 1st flat slab building in Australia using the system and Crawford subsequently designed a large number of other buildings using the Turner system. Crawford was granted an Australian patent in 1907 for a monolithic reinforced concrete cavity wall, and built

This is a document about Housing in the United Kingdom
  produced as result of form filling exercise, can not possibility be as useful as a proper energy survey based on measurement. There have been improvements in housing insulation but this is mainly in the owner-occupier sector. Between 2001 and 2013 the prevalence of cavity wall insulation of houses which have cavity walls rose from 39% to 68%. Over the same period the proportion of fully double-glazed dwellings rose from 51% to 80%. It has not proved possible to find evidence that these improvements were the result of government policy or would have happened anyway. If all the recommendations by energy performance certificates were implemented the notional carbon dioxide emissions from British dwellings could be reduced by over 20%.

This is a document about Refrigerator
  Commercial refrigerator and freezer units, which go by many other names, were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models. They used gas systems such as ammonia (R-717) or sulfur dioxide (R-764), which occasionally leaked, making them unsafe for home use. Practical household refrigerators were introduced in 1915 and gained wider acceptance in the United States in the 1930s as prices fell and non-toxic, non-flammable synthetic refrigerants such as Freon-12 (R-12) were introduced. However, R-12 damaged the ozone layer, causing governments to issue a ban on its use in new refrigerators and air-conditioning systems in 1994. The less harmful

This is a document about National Appliance Energy Conservation Act
 Refrigerators ; Refrigerator-Freezers ; Freezers ; Room Air Conditioner ; Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts ; Incandescent Reflector Lamps ; Clothes Dryers ; Clothes Washers ; Dishwashers ; Kitchen Ranges and Ovens ; Pool Heaters ; Television Sets (withdrawn in 1995) ; Water Heaters The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1975 (NAECA) was enacted to help create uniform appliance efficiency standards at a time when individual states were creating their own standards. The NAECA established a conservation program for major household appliances, however no real standards came into existence until the 1980s when appliance manufacturers realized it was easier to conform to a uniform federal standard then individual state standards. The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 amended the Energy Policy and Conservation

This is a document about Mineral bonded wood wool board
  Wood wool boards were standardised in 1938 according to DIN 1101 and are therefore among the oldest insulation materials made of renewable raw materials. This standard was replaced by European Standard EN 13168 in January 2002.

This is a document about Adobe
  chimney by stacking simple adobe bricks in a similar fashion as the surrounding walls. In 1927, the Uniform Building Code (UBC) was adopted in the United States. Local ordinances, referencing the UBC added requirements to building with adobe. These included: restriction of building height of adobe structures to 1-story, requirements for adobe mix (compressive and shear strength) and new requirements which stated that every building shall be designed to withstand seismic activity, specifically lateral forces. By the 1980s however, seismic related changes in the California Building Code effectively ended solid wall adobe construction in California; however Post-and-Beam adobe and veneers are still being used.

This is a document about Refrigerator death
  The original "refrigerator" was a household appliance that kept food cold using blocks of ice; now called the "icebox", these cabinets became popular in the 1800s and early 1900s. The first modern electrical refrigerator to see widespread use was the General Electric "Monitor-Top" refrigerator, introduced in 1927, and refrigerators became common in the United States in the 1930s. Regardless of the cooling technology, doors on the units were sealed shut using a mechanical latch. After World War II when production of refrigerators resumed, old refrigerators were often disposed of. By the mid-1950s, deaths were not uncommon for children in the United States. For example, statistics for the

This is a document about History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom
  of escape in case of fire. Thus the first building regulations (for England and Wales) to require general fire precautions for the safe means of escape in case of fire were made in 1974. In practice, these "m-o-e" building regulations drew in large part upon the design guidance and recommendations of the then rather oddly titled "CP3 Chapter 4 "Code of Practice for Means of Escape in Buildings", issued by the BSI (British Standards Institute) in 1971. Building regulations (England and Wales) were not retrospective in their effect. Therefore, when minimum fire safety measures were improved in revised issues of

This is a document about Prefabs in the United Kingdom
  Like the Laing Easi-Form, a cast in situ concrete form of construction, first used in 1952 but mainly in the period 1962 to 1981. With a solid cavity wall, the poured concrete substitutes for the inner blockwork walls of traditional housing. Solid wall types 225 mm thick cast in lightweight concrete, rendered externally. Cavity wall types have an inner leaf of at least 100-125mm thick concrete.

This is a document about Leaky condo crisis
  application of this provision of the codes was frequently not enforced in many condominium projects; they were issued Building Permits under another section of the code that did not require Letters of Assurance. The National Building Code of Canada, upon which the British Columbia Building Code, and the Vancouver Building By-Law are based, had since the 1970s and early 1980s been progressively introducing changes to require greater sealing of exterior walls to prevent infiltration of moisture vapor from the interior of the building. In most Canadian winter climates, which are cold and dry, such vapor infiltrating into exterior wall insulation causes condensation and significantly reduced insulation performance, hence increased energy consumption. Although increased sealing can save energy, such sealing can prevent the walls from "breathing" and drying out during the warmer months.

Cavity wall insulation became part of building regulations in the 1970s.


Question: who founded the school of functionalism and what were its primary beliefs

Answer: William James

This is a document about Functional psychology
 concerned with mental operations. It is argued that structural psychology emanated from philosophy and remained closely allied to it, while functionalism has a close ally in biology. William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. But he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools. John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, Harvey A. Carr, and especially James Rowland Angell were the main proponents of functionalism at the University of Chicago. Another group at Columbia, including notably James McKeen Cattell, Edward L. Thorndike, and Robert S. Woodworth, were

This is a document about Functionalism (international relations)
  Functionalism is a theory of international relations that arose during the interwar period principally from the strong concern about the obsolescence of the state as a form of social organization. Rather than the self-interest of nation states that realists see as a motivating factor, functionalists focus on common interests and needs shared by states (but also by non-state actors) in a process of global integration triggered by the erosion of state sovereignty and the increasing weight of knowledge and hence of scientists and experts in the process of policy-making (Rosamond, 2000). Its roots can be traced back to the liberal/idealist tradition that started with Kant and goes as far as Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points"

This is a document about Functional psychology
  Functionalism was a philosophy opposing the prevailing structuralism of psychology of the late 19th century. Edward Titchener, the main structuralist, gave psychology its first definition as a science of the study of mental experience, of consciousness, to be studied by trained introspection. At the start of the nineteenth century, there was a discrepancy between psychologists who were interested in the analysis of the structures of the mind and those who turned their attention to studying the function of mental processes. This resulted in a battle of structuralism versus functionalism. The main goal of Structuralism was to make attempts to study

This is a document about Humanistic sociology
  Functionalists seek an objective understanding of the social world. They have a more positivist view of social science, believing objective results can be obtained by techniques like surveys and interviews. They discount the inherent bias of the intellectual, believing their results are value-free. Functionalism grew from the work of Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Functionalism was popular in the US during the period from 1930 to 1960. Humanistic sociology had a role in the decline of functionalism. This can be seen in the rise of later models which returned to a focus of the subjective nature of human experience, for example, the later popularity of post-modern thinking highlighting the subjective basis of semantics. Humanistic sociology also differentiates itself from functionalism in promoting the need for freedom of thinking in the practices of research. Functionalists reject the idea of a realist or structural analysis, seeking instead a more observable explanation with external validation outside the social system.

This is a document about Idealism
  the true nature, as the true grounding of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century AD, based its "mind-only" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schools ranging from British

This is a document about List of psychologists on postage stamps
  of Enlightenment and proved the dominant system of philosophy until the work of David Hume and Immanuel Kant.  While many of Descartes's individual arguments have since been discredited, his overall view of the dualism between mind and body has exerted a powerful influence on subsequent generations of philosophers and psychologists. John Dewey (1859-1952). American psychologist, philosopher and progressive educator who is considered one of the founders of the school of pragmatism. He was also a key figure in American functional psychology, publishing an article on the reflex arc in 1896 which is now considered a cornerstone of that field.  Dewey helped to found the American Psychological Association and was elected its President in

This is a document about Functional psychology
  Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological school of thought that was a direct outgrowth of Darwinian thinking which focuses attention on the utility and purpose of behavior that has been modified over years of human existence. Edward L. Thorndike, best known for his experiments with trial-and-error learning, came to be known as the leader of the loosely defined movement. This movement arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century in direct contrast to Edward Titchener's structuralism, which focused on the contents of consciousness rather than the motives and ideals of human behavior. Functionalism denies the principle of introspection, which tends to investigate the inner workings of human thinking rather than understanding the biological processes of the human consciousness. While functionalism eventually became its own formal school, it built on structuralism's concern for the anatomy of the mind and led to greater concern over the functions of the mind and later to the psychological approach of behaviorism.

This is a document about Models of consciousness
  Functionalism is a view in the theory of the mind. It states that mental states (beliefs, desires, being in pain, etc.) are constituted solely by their functional role – that is, they have causal relations to other mental states, numerous sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs.

This is a document about Social theory
  also advocated for abolition of slavery, suggesting that personal liberty makes people more industrious, ambitious, and productive. The first "modern" social theories (known as classical theories) that begin to resemble the analytic social theory of today developed simultaneously with the birth of the science of sociology. Auguste Comte (1798–1857), known as the "father of sociology" and regarded by some as the first philosopher of science, laid the groundwork for positivism – as well as structural functionalism and social evolutionism. Karl Marx rejected Comtean positivism but nevertheless aimed to establish a science of society based on historical materialism, becoming recognised as a founding figure of sociology

This is a document about Functional psychology
  consciousness within the confines of an actual living experience, but this could make studying the human mind impossible, functionalism is in stark contrast to that. Structural psychology was concerned with mental contents while functionalism is concerned with mental operations. It is argued that structural psychology emanated from philosophy and remained closely allied to it, while functionalism has a close ally in biology. William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. But he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools. John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, Harvey

This is a document about Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
  In philosophy of mind, functionalism is the thesis that mental states (beliefs, desires, being in pain, etc.) are constituted solely by their functional role, which means, their causal relations with other mental states, sensory inputs and behavioral outputs. Functionalism developed largely as an alternative to the identity theory of mind and behaviorism. Functionalism is a theoretical level between the physical implementation and behavioral output. Therefore, it is different from its predecessors of Cartesian dualism (advocating independent mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian behaviorism and physicalism (declaring only physical substances) because it is only concerned with the effective functions of the brain, through its organization or its "software programs". Since mental states are identified by a functional role, they are said to be realized on multiple levels; in other words, they are able to be manifested in various systems, even perhaps computers, so long as the system performs the appropriate functions. While a computer's program performs the functions via computations on inputs to give outputs, implemented via its electronic substrate, a brain performs the functions via its biological operation and stimulus responses.

This is a document about Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
 Halt: Do nothing. ; R: move one square to the right. ; L: move one square to the left. ; B: erase whatever is on the square. ; 1: erase whatever is on the square and print a '1''. The broad position of "functionalism" can be articulated in many different varieties. The first formulation of a functionalist theory of mind was put forth by Hilary Putnam in the 1960s. This formulation, which is now called machine-state functionalism, or just machine functionalism, was inspired by the analogies which Putnam and others noted between the mind and the theoretical "machines" or computers capable of computing any given algorithm

This is a document about Sociology of education
  could not exist without each other. Functionalists view education as one of the more important social institutions in society. They emphasize that education contributes to two types of functions: manifest functions, which are the intended and visible functions of education; and latent functions, which are hidden and unintended functions. Manifest Functions There are several major manifest functions associated with education. The first is socialization. The French sociologist, Émile Durkheim, established the academic discipline of sociology, characterized schools as, "socialization agencies that teach children how to get along with others and prepare them for adult economic roles" (Durkheim 1898). Socialization involves learning the rules and norms of the society as a whole. One of the roles of schools

This is a document about Structural functionalism
 1) Selection pressures will be felt in time to change them; ; 2) They will be felt and reacted to; or ; 3) The solutions will always work. Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was a British philosopher famous for applying the theory of natural selection to society. He was in many ways the first true sociological functionalist. In fact, while Durkheim is widely considered the most important functionalist among positivist theorists, it is known that much of his analysis was culled from reading Spencer's work, especially his Principles of Sociology (1874–96). In describing society, Spencer alludes to the analogy of a human body. Just as the

This is a document about Functional psychology
  There were four movements during the first fifteen years of the twentieth century–one of them being the movement towards functional psychology. John Dewey, an American psychologist and philosopher, became the organizing principle behind the Chicago school of functional psychology in 1894. His first important contribution to the development of functional psychology was a paper criticizing "the reflex arc" concept in psychology.

This is a document about Glossary of philosophy
  with each other. Freudianism: The beliefs and practice of psychoanalysis as devised by Sigmund Freud; particularly, the mechanism of psychological repression; the situation of sexual desire as central to the development of the persona; and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique. functionalism: The dominant theory of mental states in modern philosophy. Functionalism was developed as an answer to the because of objections to both identity theory and. Its core idea is that the mental states can be accounted for without taking into account the underlying physical medium (the neurons), instead attending to higher-level functions such as beliefs, desires, and emotions.

This is a document about American philosophy
  John Dewey (1859–1952), while still engaging in the lofty academic philosophical work of James and Peirce before him, also wrote extensively on political and social matters, and his presence in the public sphere was much greater than his pragmatist predecessors. In addition to being one of the founding members of pragmatism, John Dewey was one of the founders of functional psychology and was a leading figure of the progressive movement in U.S. schooling during the first half of the 20th century. Dewey argued against the individualism of classical liberalism, asserting that social institutions are not "means for obtaining something for individuals. They are means for creating individuals." He held that individuals

This is a document about Philosophy of mind
  Functionalism was formulated by Hilary Putnam and Jerry Fodor as a reaction to the inadequacies of the identity theory. Putnam and Fodor saw mental states in terms of an empirical computational theory of the mind. At about the same time or slightly after, D.M. Armstrong and David Kellogg Lewis formulated a version of functionalism that analyzed the mental concepts of folk psychology in terms of functional roles. Finally, Wittgenstein's idea of meaning as use led to a version of functionalism as a theory of meaning, further developed by Wilfrid Sellars and Gilbert Harman. Another one, psychofunctionalism, is an approach adopted by the naturalistic philosophy of mind associated with Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylyshyn. Mental states are characterized by their causal relations with other mental states and with sensory inputs and behavioral outputs. Functionalism abstracts away from the details of the physical implementation of a mental state by characterizing it in terms of non-mental functional properties. For example, a kidney is characterized scientifically by its functional role in filtering blood and maintaining certain chemical balances.

This is a document about Gestalt psychology
  Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Kurt Koffka (1886–1941), and Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967) founded Gestalt psychology in the early 20th century. The dominant view in psychology at the time was structuralism, exemplified by the work of Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), and Edward B. Titchener (1867–1927). Structuralism was rooted firmly in British empiricism and was based on three closely interrelated theories: (1) "atomism," also known as "elementalism," the view that all knowledge, even complex abstract ideas, is built from simple, elementary constituents, (2) "sensationalism," the view that the simplest constituents—the atoms of thought—are elementary sense impressions, and (3) "associationism," the view that more

This is a document about Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
  Homuncular functionalism was developed largely by Daniel Dennett and has been advocated by William Lycan. It arose in response to the challenges that Ned Block's China Brain (a.k.a. Chinese nation) and John Searle's Chinese room thought experiments presented for the more traditional forms of functionalism (see below under "Criticism"). In attempting to overcome the conceptual difficulties that arose from the idea of a nation full of Chinese people wired together, each person working as a single neuron to produce in the wired-together whole the functional mental states of an individual mind, many functionalists simply bit the bullet, so to speak, and argued that such a Chinese nation would indeed possess all of the qualitative and intentional properties of a mind; i.e. it would become a

The school of functionalism in psychology was founded by William James, but he did not consider himself a functionalist. The primary beliefs of functionalism in psychology were that the function of the mind is to adapt to the environment and that mental processes should be studied in terms of their functions rather than their structures. This approach contrasted with structuralism, which focused on the study of the structure of the mind. Functionalism in psychology was influential in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is still used in some areas of psychology today.