Question: what is an e7 in the air force

Answer: Master Sergeant

This is a document about United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia
 the Chief Master Sergeant chevrons with a wreath encircling the center star. On 1 August 1967 the lower enlisted rank names changed (revised AFR 39-36 on 19 October 1967) renamed Airman Third Class, Airman Second Class and Airman First Class to Airman, Airman First Class and Sergeant (known unofficially as "Buck Sergeant" by the NCO ranks at the time) respectively. This returned Sergeant to the rank structure as the first step in the NCO tier as a retention move but required achievement of a 5-skill Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) level. No changes to the respective insignias were made. Footnote:

This is a document about Senior enlisted advisor
 and the United States Marine Corps, the senior enlisted advisor at the company or battery level (or other unit at similar echelon) is a First Sergeant. In the Air Force, the senior enlisted member of units smaller than those listed above for Command Chief Master Sergeant is also a First Sergeant. It is a temporary, special duty assignment. However, in the Air Force a First Sergeant can be an E7, E8 or E9, depending on size and mission of the unit. In Australia the equivalent positions within the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF)

This is a document about Australian Army enlisted rank insignia
 Staff sergeant (SSGT) – E7 ; Sergeant (SGT) – E6

This is a document about Ibaraki Airport
 7th Air Wing ; 301st Tactical Fighter Squadron (F-4EJ Kai Phantom II, Kawasaki T-4)

This is a document about 7th Expeditionary Airborne Command and Control Squadron
  The 7th Expeditionary Airborne Command and Control Squadron is part of the 379th Air Expeditionary Wing at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar. It operates the E-8 Joint STARS aircraft, conducting airborne command and control missions. The squadron has performed the airborne command and control mission since 1968, when it was activated in Vietnam. In 1985, the squadron was consolidated with three earlier units: The 7th Ferrying Squadron, which helped deliver aircraft to the Soviet Union from 1942 until 1944; the 7th Combat Cargo Squadron, which performed combat airlift missions in the Southwest Pacific Theater from 1944 until V-J Day, then became part of the Occupation Forces in Japan until inactivating in 1948; and the 7th Air Transport Squadron, Special, which provided airlift support for the United States' special weapons porograms from 1954 to 1966.

This is a document about United States Army Pathfinder School
  the grades of E–4 through E–7 in logistics and combat arms may attend. Active and reserve U.S. Air Force enlisted personnel serving as combat control team/forward air controllers in the grades of E–5 thought E–7 may attend. Foreign Students: This course is releasable to military students from foreign countries on a case by case basis. Foreign countries desiring to place students in this course must meet one or more of the following criteria: (1) Have a signed Letter of Intent (2) Have a waiver from HQDA (3) Have USG release for training. Units sponsoring Foreign Students must ensure they meet all course prerequisites prior to reporting for Pathfinder training.

This is a document about Bizone
 United States Air Forces in Europe ; U.S. Seventh Army ; U.S. Third Army

This is a document about Boeing 737 AEW&C
  In 2004, the Italian Air Force was considering the purchase of a total of 14 Wedgetail and P-8 MMA aircraft, with aircraft support to be provided by Alitalia. The Boeing 737 Wedgetail was reportedly the favored competitor for the United Arab Emirates' AEW&C program in 2007. In 2014, Qatar stated it planned purchase three 737 AEW&C aircraft. In February 2021 General Kenneth S. Wilsbach, the Commander of the United States Pacific Air Forces, proposed that the USAF rapidly acquire E-7s to replace the E-3s deployed to the Indo-Pacific region. In April 2021, Aviation Week & Space Technology reported that Gen. Jeffrey Harrigian, commander of U.S. Air Forces in Europe and Air Forces Africa, also voiced support for a near-term E-7 acquisition. In September 2021, General Charles Q. Brown Jr., USAF Chief of Staff, stated that the Air Force is considering the E-7, which is of interest because it is a "proven capability" that is already available. In October 2021, the U.S. Air Force published a "Notice of Contract Action" stating its intent to award Boeing a sole-source contract to study and analyze the E-7A Wedgetail aircraft configuration to determine if it can meet Air Force configuration standards and mandates.

This is a document about EMD E7
  The E7 was a 2000 hp, A1A-A1A passenger train locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division of La Grange, Illinois. 428 cab versions, or E7As, were built from February 1945 to April 1949; 82 booster E7Bs were built from March 1945 to July 1948. (Circa 1953 one more E7A was built by the Los Angeles General Shops of the Southern Pacific by rebuilding an E2A.) The 2,000 hp came from two 12 cylinder model 567A engines. Each engine drove its own electrical generator to power the two traction motors on one truck. The E7 was the eighth model in a line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units, and it became the best selling E model upon its introduction. In profile the front of the nose of an E7A was less slanted than on earlier EMD passenger locomotives, and the E7, E8, and E9 units have been nicknamed “bulldog nose” units. Some earlier units were called “shovel nose” units or “slant nose” units. These units are often regarded as "the best selling passenger diesel locomotive ever."

This is a document about Future of the Royal Air Force
  that the E-7 "represents the best value for money option for the UK against need". A deal was signed in March 2019 that will see the RAF procure five E-7 aircraft for approximately £1.5bn. However, the 2021 defence white paper cut the total number of aircraft to only three. These will be based at RAF Lossiemouth alongside the Boeing P-8 Poseidon, and are due to enter service in 2023. With the E-3 Sentry due to be withdrawn in 2021, this will leave a two-year capability gap that will see the United Kingdom rely on the NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force until the E-7 is operational. Current & Future Units

This is a document about Tinker Air Force Base
  aircraft. The E-3's radar and other sensors provide deep-look surveillance, warning, interception control and airborne battle management. The 552 ACW encompasses 3 groups: 552nd Operations Group, 552nd Maintenance Group and 552nd Air Control Group. The 507th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is one of two Air Force Reserve flying units in the state of Oklahoma and administratively reports to Fourth Air Force (4 AF). The wing operates twelve KC-135R "Stratotanker" air refueling aircraft at Tinker and is operationally gained by Air Mobility Command (AMC). As an associate unit, the 507 ARW also operates the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) British Aerospace 125-800 aircraft (ex-USAF C-29A) in the aviation standards and navigational aid inspection mission.

This is a document about Fairbanks North Star Borough School District
 Grades 7-12 ; Ben Eielson Junior/Senior High School (Eielson AFB)

This is a document about HMS E7
  HMS E7 was a British E class submarine built at Chatham Dockyard. She was laid down on 30 March 1912 and was commissioned on 16 March 1914. She cost £105,700.

This is a document about Delta Force
  2006. Combat Support Squadron was activated in 2005. E Squadron was activated in 1989 and is stationed separately in Fort Eustis, Virginia. Its cover name is Flight Concepts Division and its predecessor was called SeaSpray. Within each squadron there are three troops: two assault troops for direct action, and a reconnaissance ("recce") and surveillance troop, for penetrating enemy lines unseen, watching enemy positions, and sniping. Each squadron is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel (O-5) and troops are led by Majors (O-4). Each troop has four teams, each one led by a team leader, a Master Sergeant (E-8) or Sergeant First Class (E-7) and an assistant team leader who can also have the same rank.

This is a document about No. 7 Air Experience Flight RAF
  No. 7 Air Experience Flight (7 AEF) is one of thirteen Air Experience Flights (AEFs) run by the Air Cadet Organisation of the Royal Air Force. The primary purpose of the AEF organisation is to provide air experience to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF) Section and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts.

This is a document about 379th Expeditionary Operations Group
 7th Expeditionary Airborne Command and Control Squadron (E-8) ; 340th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron (KC-135) ; 379th Expeditionary Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron ; 379th Expeditionary Operations Support Squadron ; 746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron (C-130H/J, C-21) ; 763d Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron (RC-135) ; 816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron (C-17)

This is a document about Pershing missile launches
 7th Army: Seventh United States Army ; 4/41 FA: 4th Battalion, 41st Field Artillery Regiment ; 1/41 FA: 1st Battalion, 41st Field Artillery Regiment ; 1/81 FA: 1st Battalion, 81st Field Artillery Regiment ; 3/84 FA: 3rd Battalion, 84th Field Artillery Regiment ; German: German Air Force ; FKW1: Missile Wing 1 (Flugkörpergeschwader 1) ; FKGrp 12: Missile Group 12 (Flugkörpergruppe 12) ; FKGrp 13: Missile Group 13 (Flugkörpergruppe 13) ; FKW2: Missile Wing 2 (Flugkörpergeschwader 2) ; FKGrp 21: Missile Group 21 (Flugkörpergruppe 21) ; FKGrp 22: Missile Group 23 (Flugkörpergruppe 22) ; ARMTE: Army Materiel Test and Evaluation Directorate ; 2/44 FA: 2nd Missile Battalion, 44th Artillery Regiment

This is a document about 427th Special Operations Squadron
  The 427th Special Operations Training Squadron was with Tactical Air Command, stationed at England Air Force Base, Louisiana on 1 July 1970. The squadron's mission was to provide transition training to Republic of Vietnam Air Force pilots for the Cessna OA-37B Dragonfly counterinsurgency aircraft to combat guerrilla type activity. The standard A-37 aircraft was fitted with a refueling probe in the nose; reticulated foam was added to the self-sealing fuel tanks to protect against fire or explosions if hit by incendiary anti-aircraft rounds. The cockpit was armor-plated and the undercarriage was strengthened to carry greater weight and to enable the aircraft to operate off rough remote airstrips. The squadron was inactivated on 15 July 1972

This is a document about Boeing E-3 Sentry
  Because the Boeing 707 is no longer in production, the E-3 mission package has been fitted into the Boeing E-767 for the Japan Air Self Defense Forces. The E-10 MC2A was intended to replace USAF E-3s—along with the RC-135 and the E-8 Joint STARS, but the program was canceled by the Department of Defense. NATO intends to extend the operational status of its AWACS until 2035 when it is due to be replaced by the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) program. The Royal Air Force (RAF) chose to limit investment in its E-3D fleet in the early 2000s, diverting Sentry upgrade funds to a replacement program. On 22 March 2019, the UK Defence Secretary announced a $1.98 billion contract to purchase five E-7 Wedgetails.

This is a document about United States Armed Forces
 E-1 to E-3/4: Junior enlisted personnel, usually in initial training or at their first assignment. E-1 to E-3 in the Marine Corps, Navy, and Coast Guard and E-1 to E-4 in the Army, Air Force, and Space Force. In the Army, specialist (E-4) are considered to be junior enlisted, while corporals (E-4) are non-commissioned officers. ; E-4/5 to E-6: Non-commissioned officers in the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force and petty officers in the Navy and Coast Guard. In the Air Force and Space Force, staff sergeant (E-5) is the first non-commissioned officer rank. Non-commissioned officers and petty officers are responsible for tactical leadership. ; E-7

An E-7 in the Air Force is a Senior Master Sergeant.


Question: which glob character matches zero or more characters

Answer: percent sign ( % )

This is a document about Glob (programming)
 no equivalent of . Standard SQL uses a glob-like syntax for simple string matching in its codice_8 operator. The percent sign (%) matches zero or more characters, and the underscore matches exactly one character. The term "glob" is not generally used in the SQL community, however. Many implementations of SQL have extended the codice_8 operator to allow a richer pattern-matching language incorporating elements of regular expressions. Some proprietary extensions such as Transact-SQL provide the functionality, e.g., codice_10 and codice_11. Globs do not include syntax for the Kleene star which allows multiple repetitions of the preceding part of the expression; thus

This is a document about One-liner program
  The following example is a C program (a winning entry in the "Best one-liner" category of the IOCCC). This one-liner program is a glob pattern matcher. It understands the glob characters `*' meaning `zero or more characters' and `?' meaning exactly one character, just like most Unix shells. Run it with two args, the string and the glob pattern. The exit status is 0 (shell true) when the pattern matches, 1 otherwise. The glob pattern must match the whole string, so you may want to use * at the beginning and end of the pattern if you are looking for something in the middle. Examples:

This is a document about Wildcard character
  When specifying file names (or paths) in CP/M, DOS, Microsoft Windows, and Unix-like operating systems, the asterisk character (*, also called "star") matches zero or more characters. For example, doc* matches doc and document but not dodo. In Unix-like and DOS operating systems, the question mark ? matches exactly one character. In DOS, if the question mark is placed at the end of the word, it will also match missing (zero) trailing characters; for example, the pattern 123? will match 123 and 1234, but not 12345. In Unix shells and Windows PowerShell, ranges of characters enclosed in square brackets ([ and ]) match a single character within the set; for example, [A-Za-z] matches any single uppercase or lowercase letter. In Unix shells, a leading exclamation mark ! negates the set and matches only a character not within the list. In shells that interpret ! as a history substitution, a leading caret ^ can be used instead. The operation of matching of wildcard patterns to multiple file or path names is referred to as globbing.

This is a document about Glob (programming)
  Globs do not include syntax for the Kleene star which allows multiple repetitions of the preceding part of the expression; thus they are not considered regular expressions, which can describe the full set of regular languages over any given finite alphabet. Globs attempt to match the entire string (for example, S*.DOC matches S.DOC and SA.DOC, but not POST.DOC or SURREY.DOCKS), whereas, depending on implementation details, regular expressions may match a substring.

This is a document about Question mark
  In computing, the question mark character is represented by ASCII code 63 (0x3F hexadecimal), and is located at Unicode code-point. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent (？), is located at code-point. In shell and scripting languages, the question mark is often utilized as a wildcard character: a symbol that can be used to substitute for any other character or characters in a string. In particular, filename globbing uses "?" as a substitute for any one character, as opposed to the asterisk, "*", which matches zero or more characters in a string. The inverted question mark (¿) corresponds to Unicode code-point, and can be accessed from the keyboard in Microsoft Windows on the default

This is a document about Matching wildcards
 No escape characters are defined ; Wildcards: ? matches exactly one occurrence of any character. * matches arbitrary many (including zero) occurrences of any character. A wildcard matcher tests a wildcard pattern p against an input string s. It performs an anchored match, returns true only when p matches the entirety of s. The pattern can be based on any common syntax (see globbing), but on Windows programmers tend to only discuss a simplified syntax supported by the native C runtime: This article mainly discusses the Windows formulation of the problem, unless otherwise stated.

This is a document about Glob (programming)
  In computer programming, glob patterns specify sets of filenames with wildcard characters. For example, the Unix Bash shell command  moves  all files with names ending in   from the current directory to the directory. Here,  is a wildcard standing for "any string of characters" and   is a glob pattern. The other common wildcard is the question mark, which stands for one character. For example,  will move all files named with a single character followed by   from the current directory to directory , while   would match all files whose name consists of 2 characters followed by. In addition to matching filenames, globs are also used widely for matching arbitrary strings (wildcard matching). In this capacity a common interface is.

This is a document about Glob (programming)
  The SQL LIKE operator has an equivalent to ? and * but not […]. Standard SQL uses a glob-like syntax for simple string matching in its  operator, although the term "glob" is not generally used in the SQL community. The percent sign (%) matches zero or more characters and the underscore (_) matches exactly one. Many implementations of SQL have extended the  operator to allow a richer pattern-matching language, incorporating character ranges ([…]), their negation, and elements of regular expressions.

This is a document about File (command)
  looks for other matching patterns. The -r option, which is available in some versions, causes the unprintable new line character to be displayed in its raw form rather than in its octal representation. $ file compressed.gz compressed.gz: gzip compressed data, deflated, original filename, `compressed', last modified: Thu Jan 26 14:08:23 2006, os: Unix $ file -i compressed.gz   # (on Linux) compressed.gz: application/x-gzip; charset=binary $ file data.ppm data.ppm: Netpbm PPM "rawbits" image data $ file /bin/cat /bin/cat: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures /bin/cat (for architecture ppc7400):	Mach-O executable ppc /bin/cat (for architecture i386):	Mach-O executable i386 $ file /usr/bin/vi /usr/bin/vi: symbolic link to vim Identifying symbolic links is not available on all platforms and will be dereferenced if -L is passed or POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.

This is a document about Wildmat
 *foo* 	  matches string containing "foo". ; mini*      matches anything that begins with "mini" (including the string "mini" itself). ; ???*       matches any string of three and more letters. ; [0-9a-zA-Z] matches every single alphanumeric ASCII character. ; [^]-]      matches a character other than a close square bracket or a dash.

This is a document about Byte order mark
  their presence indicates that the file is not encoded in UTF-8. For the IANA registered charsets UTF-16BE and UTF-16LE, a byte order mark should not be used because the names of these character sets already determine the byte order. If encountered anywhere in such a text stream, U+FEFF is to be interpreted as a "zero width no-break space". If there is no BOM, it is possible to guess whether the text is UTF-16 and its byte order by searching for ASCII characters (i.e. a 0 byte adjacent to a byte in the 0x20-0x7E range, also 0x0A and 0x0D for CR and LF). A large number (i.e. far higher than random chance) in the same order is

This is a document about Data URI scheme
  when the data part has zero length. The characters permitted within the data part include ASCII upper and lowercase letters, digits, and many ASCII punctuation and special characters. Note that this may include characters, such as colon, semicolon, and comma which are delimiters in the URI components preceding the data part. Other octets must be percent-encoded. If the data is Base64-encoded, then the data part may contain only valid Base64 characters. Note that Base64-encoded   URIs use the standard Base64 character set (with ' ' and ' ' as characters 62 and 63) rather than the so-called "URL-safe Base64" character set. (outputs:

This is a document about Common filesystem features
  The maximum number of characters that a file or directory name may contain.

This is a document about MTS system architecture
  Several MTS commands that use file names or lists of file names allow the use of file-name patterns: COPY, DESTROY, DUPLICATE, EMPTY, EDIT, FILESTATUS, FILEMENU, LIST, LOCKSTATUS, PERMIT, RENAME, RENUMBER, and TRUNCATE. A question-mark (?) is the pattern match character. A single question-mark used in a file-name will match zero or more characters. "?" matches all files for the current signon ID, "?.S" matches all files that end with ".S", "A?B" matches all files that begin with "A" and end with "B", "A?B?C" matches all files that start with "A", end with "C", and contain a "B". Two or more consecutive question-marks match "n-1" characters. "???.S" matches all four character file-names that end with ".S", and "????" matches all three character file-names. "W163:?" matches all files under the signon ID "W163" to which the current user has some access.

This is a document about C string handling
  Each string ends at the first occurrence of the zero code unit of the appropriate kind ( or  ). Consequently, a byte string (char*) can contain non-NUL characters in ASCII or any ASCII extension, but not characters in encodings such as UTF-16 (even though a 16-bit code unit might be nonzero, its high or low byte might be zero). The encodings that can be stored in wide strings are defined by the width of. In most implementations,  is at least 16 bits, and so all 16-bit encodings, such as UCS-2, can be stored. If  is 32-bits, then 32-bit encodings, such as UTF-32, can be

This is a document about Glob (programming)
 Extended globbing (extglob): allows other pattern matching operators to be used to match multiple occurrences of a pattern enclosed in parentheses, essentially providing the missing kleene star and alternation for describing regular languages. It can be enabled by setting the extglob shell option. This option came from ksh93. The GNU fnmatch and glob has an identical extension. ; globstar: allows  on its own as a name component to recursively match any number of layers of non-hidden directories. Also supported by the JS libraries and Python's glob. On Unix-like systems *, ? is defined as above while […] has two additional meanings: The ranges are also allowed to include pre-defined

This is a document about Matching wildcards
  In computer science, an algorithm for matching wildcards (also known as globbing) is useful in comparing text strings that may contain wildcard syntax. Common uses of these algorithms include command-line interfaces, e.g. the Bourne shell or Microsoft Windows command-line or text editor or file manager, as well as the interfaces for some search engines and databases. Wildcard matching is a subset of the problem of matching regular expressions and string matching in general.

This is a document about Files-11
  dollar sign) up to 39.39 characters (39 for the filename and another 39 for the extension). ODS-5 expands the character set to lowercase letters and most other printable ASCII characters, as well as ISO Latin-1 and Unicode characters, increases the maximum filename length and allows unlimited levels of subdirectories. When constructing a pathname for an ODS-5 file which uses characters not allowed under ODS-2, a special "^" syntax is used to preserve backwards compatibility; the file " file.tar.gz;1 " on an ODS-5 disk, for example, would be referred to as " file^.tar.gz "—the file's name is " file.tar ", and the extension is " .gz ".

This is a document about Wildmat
 Asterisk (*) to match any sequence of zero or more characters. ; Question mark (?) to match any single character. ; Set of specified characters. It is specified as a list of characters, or as a range of characters where the beginning and end of the range are separated by a minus (or dash) character, or as any combination of lists and ranges. The dash can also be included in the set as a character if it is the beginning or end of the set.  This set is enclosed in square brackets.  The close square bracket  may be used in a set if it is the first character in the set.

The glob character that matches zero or more characters is the asterisk (*).


Question: when were the cowboys named america 's team

Answer: 1978

This is a document about America's Team
 America's Team The term "America’s Team" is a nickname that refers to the National Football League (NFL)'s Dallas Cowboys. The nickname originated with the team's 1978 highlight film, where the narrator (John Facenda) opens with the following introduction: The term is recognized and often used by media outlets, including ESPN, Yahoo!, HBO, and "Sports Illustrated". Bob Ryan, now Vice President and editor-in-chief of NFL Films, coined this for the Cowboys while preparing and editing the team’s 1978 season highlight film. He was quoted as saying: Ryan told the NFL Network for their Top Ten Nicknames show: During the Cowboys' first

This is a document about Dallas Cowboys
 Throughout the years, the Cowboys' blue jersey has been popularly viewed to be "jinxed" because the team often seemed to lose when they wore them. This purported curse drew attention after the team lost Super Bowl V with the blue jerseys. However, the roots of the curse likely date back earlier to the 1968 divisional playoffs, when the blue-shirted Cowboys were upset by the Cleveland Browns in what turned out to be Don Meredith's final game with the Cowboys. Dallas's lone victory in a conference championship or Super Bowl wearing the blue jerseys was in the 1978 NFC Championship game

This is a document about Robert Shaw (American football)
 1978. Future Dallas Cowboys special teams coach Joe Avezzano, was his offensive coordinator. As a senior, he was named one of the co-captains and received the team's Mickey O’Brien award. He also started in the East–West Shrine Game and the Senior Bowl. Shaw was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the first round (27th overall) of the 1979 NFL Draft. This was only the second time the Cowboys used a first round pick on an offensive lineman. The first time was in the 1966 NFL Draft when the team selected John Niland. As a rookie, he was a backup to

This is a document about America's Team
  The term "America’s Team" is a nickname that refers to the National Football League (NFL)'s Dallas Cowboys. The nickname originated with the team's 1978 highlight film, where the narrator (John Facenda) opens with the following introduction:"They appear on television so often that their faces are as familiar to the public as presidents and movie stars. They are the Dallas Cowboys, "America's Team"." The term is recognized and often used by media outlets, including ESPN, Yahoo!, HBO, and Sports Illustrated.

This is a document about America's Team
  St. Louis Cardinals (Dallas won 22–21), the television announcer for CBS introduced the Cowboys as America's Team and the name stuck. Dallas's Hall of Fame coach Tom Landry originally did not approve of the appellation of America's Team. He felt that it would give opposing teams extra incentive to play harder. Eventually he gave in and actually came to like the name. The nickname was coined at the height of Landry's then-NFL record 20 consecutive winning season streak, during which Dallas appeared in 12 conference championship games (counting the 1966 and 1967 league championships) and five Super Bowls, and was exemplified on the field by the iconic Hall of Fame quarterback Roger Staubach, but the team's popularity has continued over the decades during periods of both mediocrity and dynastic success.

This is a document about America's Team
  Bob Ryan, now Vice President and editor-in-chief of NFL Films, coined this for the Cowboys while preparing and editing the team's 1978 season highlight film. He was quoted as saying:"I wanted to come up with a different twist on their team highlight film. I noticed then, and had noticed earlier, that wherever the Cowboys played, you saw people in the stands with Cowboys jerseys and hats and pennants. Plus, they were always the national game on television." Ryan told the NFL Network for their Top Ten Nicknames show:"I saw all these fans in away stadiums. Hey, they're the most popular team in the country. How can I use that? Why don't we call them "America's Team"?" During the Cowboys' first game of the 1979 season, a nationally televised game against

This is a document about 1978 Dallas Cowboys season
  slowly, winning only six of their first ten games. Both the offense and the defense played ineffectively, including giving up interceptions and fumbles. Dallas finished strong, winning their last six regular season games to post a 12–4 record. In the aftermath of the season, NFL Films produced its annual highlight reel as it does for every NFL team. Notable of the highlight reel was the title "America's Team". It would come to be a label that would define the Dallas Cowboys for the rest of their history. However, the label is most remembered for the Cowboys of this era, appearing in three Super Bowls in four years and claiming a unique spotlight in the American consciousness.

This is a document about Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor
  The Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor (RoH) was a ring around Texas Stadium in Irving, Texas and currently around AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas which honors former players, coaches and club officials who made outstanding contributions to the Dallas Cowboys football organization. In 1993, Jerry Jones said the Ring of Honor "stands for men who built this franchise and it had it call America's team" The Ring of Honor was created by Tex Schramm and began on November 23, 1975, which was designated in Dallas as Bob Lilly Day. On that day, the team held the first Cowboys reunion and unveiled Lilly's name

This is a document about America's Team
  Levy proclaimed his team to be America's Team because they would be "wearing red, white, and blue". The Cowboys, whose team colors are navy blue, silver and white, went on to defeat the Bills 52–17. Pittsburgh Steelers owner Art Rooney dismissed the suggestion that the Steelers were "America's Team." " 'We didn't want that,' Rooney said. 'We're Pittsburgh's team. We feel strongly about that.' " In a 2009 ESPN.com article titled, "The Great Debate: 'America's Team'," four sports writers stated their case as to why three other teams besides the Cowboys could lay claim to the nickname of America's Team.  Following their win in Super Bowl XLIV,

This is a document about Tex Schramm
  three men had built the Cowboys into an elite team. The Cowboys, despite two consecutive losses to the Green Bay Packers in the NFL Championship Game in 1966 and '67, had 20 consecutive winning seasons, and won the most games of any NFL team of the 1970s. They appeared in five Super Bowls that decade, winning Super Bowls VI and XII, and losing Super Bowls V, X, and XIII by a combined 11 points. The Cowboys became a marquee NFL franchise, their popularity inspiring the nickname "America's Team". In 1966, Schramm met secretly with American Football League (AFL) founder

This is a document about America's Team
  their team name and colors (red, white and blue) and having been formed in Boston, the "Cradle of Liberty". Franchises with long successful histories and large nationwide fan bases are occasionally referred to as America's Team. The Atlanta Braves laid claim to the name due to their games being broadcast on cable television systems nationwide on TBS from 1977 to 2007, building a fan base in areas of the United States far removed from a Major League Baseball team. A 1982 issue of Sports Illustrated had referred to the Braves as "America's Team II". As a jab against the Cowboys before Super Bowl XXVII, Buffalo Bills coach

This is a document about Super Bowl XXVII
  Super Bowl XXVII saw the resurrection of the Dallas Cowboys. From 1966 to 1985, "America's Team" made the playoffs 18 out of 20 seasons under coach Tom Landry, including five Super Bowl appearances and two Super Bowl wins. But in the late 1980s, the team suffered several losing seasons, including a 3–13 regular season record in 1988. Then Jerry Jones bought the team on February 25, 1989, and in a controversial move, promptly fired Landry, the only coach Dallas had in 29 years as an NFL franchise. Jones replaced Landry with University of Miami head coach Jimmy Johnson, his former University of Arkansas teammate. With

This is a document about Dallas Cowboys
  Cowboys routed the Chicago Bears 37-7 and Minnesota Vikings 23-6 before defeating the Denver Broncos 27–10 in Super Bowl XII in New Orleans. As a testament to Doomsday's dominance in the hard-hitting game, defensive linemen Randy White and Harvey Martin were named co-Super Bowl MVPs, the first and only time multiple players have received the award. Dallas returned to the Super Bowl, following the 1978 season, losing to Pittsburgh 35–31. Bob Ryan, an NFL Films editor, dubbed the Cowboys "America's Team" following the Super Bowl loss, a nickname that has earned derision from non-Cowboys fans but has stuck through both good times and bad.

This is a document about History of the Dallas Cowboys
  trigger what became one of the more heated National Football League rivalries, which continues to this day. The team was first known as the Dallas Steers, then the Dallas Rangers. On March 19, 1960, the organization announced that the team name was the Cowboys to avoid confusion with the American Association Dallas Rangers baseball team. The founding investors of the Dallas Cowboys were Clint Murchison, Jr. (45%), John D. Murchison (45%), along with minority shareholders, Toddie Lee and Bedford Wynne (Director and Secretary) (5%) and William R. Hawn (5%). The new owners subsequently hired CBS Sports executive and former Los Angeles Rams general manager Tex Schramm as president and general manager, San Francisco 49ers scout Gil Brandt as player personnel director, and New York Giants defensive coordinator Tom Landry as head coach.

This is a document about 1975 Dallas Cowboys season
  The infusion of new talent not only provided an immediate rebuilding process, but also changed the course of the team in a significant way. This group helped the team reach Super Bowl X that season, and would play a key role in the Cowboys being given the name "America's Team". The NFL didn't start recognizing quarterback sacks as an official stat until 1982; however, the Cowboys have their own records and according to their stats, Roger Staubach got sacked a league high 45 times the previous season and 43 the year before that, to revert this trend Tom Landry revived the Shotgun

This is a document about Sports in Dallas
  Nearby Arlington, Texas is the new home to the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight Super Bowls and winning five. Known widely as "America's Team", the Dallas Cowboys are financially the most valuable sports franchise in the United States, worth approximately 2.3 billion dollars. They are also the most valuable sports organization in the world. In 2009, the Cowboys relocated to their new 80,000-seat AT&T Stadium in Arlington, which was the site of Super Bowl XLV. The college Cotton Bowl Classic football game was played at the Cotton Bowl through its 2009 game, but has moved to AT&T Stadium. Multiple different teams were referred to as the "Dallas Texans". The Dallas Texans (NFL) played the National Football League for one season in 1952. Another version of the Dallas Texans was a charter member of the American Football League IV in 1960, before becoming the Kansas City Chiefs in 1963.

This is a document about 1967 NFL Championship Game
  to criticism that he was unable to win the Big One, a stigma that persisted until Dallas won its first NFL title in the 1971 season. In the three seasons following 1967, the Cowboys suffered two upsets in the playoffs to the Cleveland Browns, then lost Super Bowl V to the Baltimore Colts 13–16 on a last-second field goal. Schramm considered this game to be the turning point to Dallas becoming America's Team because of the way the Cowboys battled back in the game. There has been a bit of revisionism in some Cowboy memories concerning the game. Frank Clarke thought

This is a document about Tom Landry
  or NFC Championship games. Furthermore, the Cowboys appeared in 10 NFC Championship games in the 13-year span from 1970 to 1982. Leading the Cowboys to three Super Bowl appearances in four years between 1975 and 1978, and five in nine years between 1970 and 1978, along with being on television more than any other NFL team, resulted in the Cowboys receiving the label of "America's Team", a title Landry did not appreciate because he felt it would bring on extra motivation from the rest of the league to compete with the Cowboys. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990.

This is a document about Dallas
  The Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) play in nearby Arlington. Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight Super Bowls and winning five. The Cowboys are financially the most valuable sports franchise in the world, worth approximately $4 billion. In 2009, the Cowboys relocated to their new 80,000-seat stadium in Arlington, which was the site of Super Bowl XLV. The Cowboys are currently part of the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC). The Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball (MLB) play at Globe Life Field in Arlington. The team won the American League pennant in 2010 and 2011. The franchise relocated from Washington D.C. in 1972. They

The Dallas Cowboys were named "America's Team" by NFL Films in 1978.


Question: hannah montana episode choosing between jake and jesse

Answer: He Could Be The One

This is a document about Miley Stewart
 pressure of not getting what he wants, the two decide to be just friends, although it is revealed to the audience in "Jake... Another Piece of My Heart," that both Jake and Miley still have feelings for each other, but neither one is willing to admit it. In "He Could Be The One", Miley chooses Jake over Jesse (her guitarist) because they have so much history and she believes he could be the one. They then officially start dating. It was unknown whether they were still together or not because Jake had never been seen or mentioned since the episode

This is a document about Miley Stewart
 part of Hannah's band in episode "He Could Be The One". Hannah pretends to like Jesse, so that Robby will be thankful of Jake. But she starts to have real feelings for him. Miley then has to listen to her heart and chose the guy who could "be the one." She ends up choosing Jake over Jesse. In the season 4 episode "Been Here All Along", She goes out on a date with Jesse (as Miley), but gets angry when he took a phone call from his father, since she blow off her "father- daughter day" with her dad, but

This is a document about Hannah Montana (season 3)
 is a 50-minute special starring Cody Linley as Jake Ryan called "He Could Be the One" which was first broadcast July 5, 2009. The second one is a crossover episode, "", which was first broadcast July 17, 2009 as part of "Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana". "Uptight (Oliver's Alright)", the 23rd episode of the season, used elements of an unaired season 2 episode, "No Sugar, Sugar". "No Sugar, Sugar" had been intended as the season 2 finale, but was withdrawn from the airing schedule after complaints from parents who saw an on-demand version of the episode. Parts of the

This is a document about Let's Do This
 performance in Irvine) to support the third season of "Hannah Montana". "Let's Do This" was featured four times during the third season in the episodes: "Papa's Got a New Friend", "Jake... Another Little Piece of My Heart", "Miley Hurt the Feelings of the Radio Star" and "He Could Be the One". It was also used as background music in "Hannah Montana: Sing Whaaat?", various commercials for "" and in the ending credits for the film. A music video for the song premiered on Disney Channel on December 13, 2008. The video features footage of Miley Cyrus (as Montana) performing the

This is a document about He Could Be the One
 He Could Be the One "He Could Be the One" is a pop song by American recording artist and actress Miley Cyrus, performing as Hannah Montana – the alter ego of Miley Stewart – a character she played on the Disney Channel television series "Hannah Montana". The song was co-written and co-produced by Kara DioGuardi and Mitch Allan. "He Could Be the One" was released to Radio Disney on June 12, 2009 as promotion for an episode of the same title and the series' third soundtrack, "Hannah Montana 3". A karaoke version is available in "Disney's Karaoke Series: Hannah Montana

This is a document about He Could Be the One
 and Roy portrays Jesse, a guitar player who she eventually becomes attracted to. Stewart is then seen holding a pair of photographs of the two, in confusion. Throughout the remainder of the video, clips from numerous episodes from "Hannah Montana" are integrated. The video concludes with a scene of Stewart grunting as she again holds the photographs and slams herself against a bed. He Could Be the One "He Could Be the One" is a pop song by American recording artist and actress Miley Cyrus, performing as Hannah Montana – the alter ego of Miley Stewart – a character she

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  chance, after Jake revealing feelings for her on live national TV. Miley soon tells Jake that she's Hannah Montana, because Jake told his secret to Miley. Jake tries to play normal like Miley, but when he cannot handle the pressure of not getting what he wants, the two decide to be just friends, although it is revealed to the audience in "Jake... Another Piece of My Heart," that both Jake and Miley still have feelings for each other, but neither one is willing to admit it. In "He Could Be The One", Miley chooses Jake over Jesse (her guitarist) because they have so much history and

This is a document about List of Hannah Montana characters
  Jesse portrayed by Drew Roy (season 3–4) is Hannah/Miley's romance interest. In "He Could Be The One," Miley repeatedly tries but fails to tell her dad that she's dating Jake Ryan again. Soon, Robby winds up believing that she's hiding something from him. To make her father thankful for Jake, she pretends to like her bad boy bandmate Jesse, but gets in over her head when she starts to have feelings for him so it's up to Robby to help Miley listen to her heart and chose the guy who could "be the one." In the end, Hannah tells Jesse that there is just something between

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  distance. Also, he is not mentioned during the episodes following the movie. Jesse (played by Drew Roy): Is a part of Hannah's band in episode "He Could Be The One". Hannah pretends to like Jesse, so that Robby will be thankful of Jake. But she starts to have real feelings for him. Miley then has to listen to her heart and chose the guy who could "be the one." She ends up choosing Jake over Jesse. In the season 4 episode "Been Here All Along", She goes out on a date with Jesse (as Miley), but gets angry when he took a phone call from his

This is a document about Reba (TV series)
  bad choices of the dim-witted Cheyenne and Van. In the final season, she decided not to go to college and to focus on her music. Kyra also likes teasing Van, annoying Cheyenne and bullying Jake. During season 5, she appeared in only two episodes toward the beginning of the season, due to Pomers' real-life battle with anorexia. She returned at the beginning of Season 6. ; Mitch Holleman as Jacob "Jake" Mitchell Hart. Reba and Brock's youngest son, Jake is often teased by his sister Kyra. In the earlier seasons, Jake sometimes is only seen for one scene where he would

This is a document about List of Hannah Montana characters
  and Jake that is special and picks Jake after some help from a video of her mother and apparent intervention by her to help. In "Been Here All Along", Jesse starts seeing Miley and Miley cancels a special father-daughter afternoon with her dad to go on a first date with Jesse instead. After Jesse receives a phone call from his deployed father, their heartfelt conversation leads Miley to realize how fortunate she is to have her father close to home whenever she needs him. Then, in "I'll Always Remember You", it is revealed that Jesse knew that Miley was Hannah when he told Miley that his

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  to find out that he was practicing saying "I love you" so he could say it to Lilly. They both say that they love each other in the end of the episode. (It is mentioned in this episode that neither Oliver nor Miley have romantic feelings for each other). However, Oliver did used to have romantic feelings towards Hannah Montana before he knew she was Miley. Miley, at first, didn't want to tell him who she was, just in case he had romantic feelings for her as Miley, but when she eventually told him, he saw her as just a friend. Leslie "Jake" Ryan (played by

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  Could Be the One" Miley wrote a song called "I'm Just Having Fun". While practicing with her band, Miley decided the song needed lyrical innovation and revamping. Then, when she was mad at her father; Miley altered the lyrics to a "I don't care what you say, I don't care what you say, just 'cause you're my daddy doesn't mean you get it your way". She decided to give up on the song, but later with her guitar player she finally made it into "He Could Be the One", inspired by Jake (Cody Linley) and Jesse (her guitar player). In the 4th season, Miley writes a bunch of new songs that are heard and played throughout the season. She made a song with Iyaz called "Gonna Get This".

This is a document about Hannah Montana
  the show's family-friendly appeal. Mayes-Elma also said guest stars such as the Jonas Brothers were incorporated by Disney to encourage the viewership of young teenage girls, and that Disney was selling Cyrus—a then-sixteen-year-old girl—to consumers as a "form of pop cultural prostitution". Some critics found fault with the writing of the series. The A.V. Clubs Marah Eakin said Hannah Montana, including its "oppressive" laugh track, is full of stereotypes. A review of a DVD compilation said towards the end of the show's run, Miley's double identity had become the source of "throwaway jokes" rather than larger plot points. The series has been examined for its depiction of gender roles and stereotypes. Morgan Genevieve Blue of Feminist

This is a document about He Could Be the One
  The song's accompanying music video premiered on June 12, 2009 on Disney Channel. The video begins with a narrator speaking, who says, "Boyfriends, one's a heartbreaker. One's got a lot of heart. Miley Stewart wants to know who could be the one", as American actors Cody Linley and Drew Roy are introduced. In the episode "He Could Be the One", Linley portrays Jake Ryan, Stewart's longtime love interest and ex-boyfriend, and Roy portrays Jesse, a guitar player who she eventually becomes attracted to. Stewart is then seen holding a pair of photographs of the two, in confusion. Throughout the remainder of the video, clips from numerous episodes from Hannah Montana are integrated. The video concludes with a scene of Stewart grunting as she again holds the photographs and slams herself against a bed.

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  since she blow off her "father- daughter day" with her dad, but when Jesse tells her that he took the call because his dad is stationed in Afghanistan and they don't get to talk often, Miley is inspired to hold a concert as Hannah for military families. In another episode in the 4th season Miley reveals to Jesse that she is Hannah. Yet to her surprise he already knows. Jesse can't take the pressure of dating Hannah and Miley and ends it with Miley. In the end of the episode, Jesse comes back to Miley and then she reveals her secret to the whole world.

This is a document about List of Hannah Montana characters
  Jackson Rod Stewart (Jason Earles) is the older teenage brother of Miley Stewart and son of Robby Stewart (he is possibly named after singer Rod Stewart). He is known for his goofy, lazy and disgusting habits. Jackson is a very regular character in Hannah Montana. In the episode "He Could Be the One", Jackson does not take part in the actual story, but appears as a third-person omniscient narrator, although even in this role he appears in character. Jackson also has a central role in the feature film Hannah Montana: The Movie. Despite portraying a teen, Jason Earles was in his late twenties when he started the show. When the show ended, he

This is a document about Robby Stewart
  Robby sometimes offers Miley advice indirectly by using reverse psychology. While Miley has expressed frustration when her father "goes all fortune cookie" on her, she also recognizes her dependence on his advice, especially when she's in a tight spot. She deeply values her relationship with her father and becomes jealous when she feels others threaten the relationship. A common theme explored in Hannah Montana is Robby's dealing with Miley growing up. He has difficulty accepting the fact that she is no longer a child and therefore has a tendency to treat her as a child. As a single parent, he also finds himself over protective of Miley. A milestone in their relationship occurs in the episode "I Want You

This is a document about Miley Stewart
  Christmas special with guest star Sheryl Crow. This ends their relationship for good. Travis Brody (played by Lucas Till): Travis is a childhood friend from Tennessee. It is said in the movie that they both used to like each other when they were younger. The two become reacquainted during Miley's return to Tennessee in Hannah Montana: The Movie. He discovers that Miley is Hannah Montana and the two kiss, assuming that they get together. However, even though the movie does not show it, it is implied that they broke up due to the fact that Miley went back to California and their relationship would not work

This is a document about Hannah Montana (season 2)
  Season 2 started with a week of 5 new episodes. The average ratings for the 5 new episodes were 3.7 million viewers. Season 2 had several special episodes and marathons. The first special was "Achy Jakey Heart", in which Miley revealed her secret to Jake Ryan (Cody Linley). The second special, "Me and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas", which guest starred the Jonas Brothers, was aired with the premiere of High School Musical 2. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson appeared in "Don't Stop 'Til You Get the Phone" as part of the Rock Block, which seen him guest-star in episodes of Hannah Montana and Cory in the House as a promotion for Disney's film The Game Plan. "(We're So Sorry) Uncle Earl" aired in a week-long Disney Channel event "Sweet Niblets, We're Related?". In 3 episodes this season, Hannah Montana wins an award.

In the Hannah Montana episode "He Could Be the One," Hannah is faced with choosing between Jake and Jesse. She initially chooses Jake, but later realizes she might have made the wrong decision. The episode aired on July 5, 2009, and was the first part of a two-part episode. The song "Let's Do This" was used as the background music for the episode.


Question: what is the first cell to migrate to an injured area

Answer: Leukocyte extravasation

This is a document about Leukocyte extravasation
 Leukocyte extravasation Leukocyte extravasation, less commonly called "diapedesis", is the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system and towards the site of tissue damage or infection. This process forms part of the innate immune response, involving the recruitment of non-specific leukocytes. Monocytes also use this process in the absence of infection or tissue damage during their development into macrophages. Leukocyte extravasation occurs mainly in post-capillary venules, where haemodynamic shear forces are minimised. This process can be understood in several steps, outlined below as "chemoattraction", "rolling adhesion", "tight adhesion" and "(endothelial) transmigration". It has been demonstrated that leukocyte recruitment is

This is a document about Wound healing
  and sweat glands, the wound, and the resulting healing scar, provide a challenge to the body with regards to temperature control. Keratinocytes migrate without first proliferating. Migration can begin as early as a few hours after wounding. However, epithelial cells require viable tissue to migrate across, so if the wound is deep it must first be filled with granulation tissue. Thus the time of onset of migration is variable and may occur about one day after wounding. Cells on the wound margins proliferate on the second and third day post-wounding in order to provide more cells for migration. If the basement membrane is not breached, epithelial cells are replaced

This is a document about Wound healing
  cells migrate to the area of the wound. Because the activity of fibroblasts and epithelial cells requires oxygen and nutrients, angiogenesis is imperative for other stages in wound healing, like epidermal and fibroblast migration. The tissue in which angiogenesis has occurred typically looks red (is erythematous) due to the presence of capillaries. Angiogenesis occurs in overlapping phases in response to inflammation: Stem cells of endothelial cells, originating from parts of uninjured blood vessels, develop pseudopodia and push through the ECM into the wound site to establish new blood vessels. Endothelial cells are attracted to the wound area by fibronectin found on the fibrin scab and chemotactically by angiogenic factors released by other cells, e.g. from macrophages and platelets when in a low-oxygen environment. Endothelial

This is a document about Nanorobotics
  tissue cells alongside white blood cells. Recruiting inflammatory cells or white blood cells (which include neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and mast cells) to the affected area is the first response of tissues to injury. Because of their small size, nanorobots could attach themselves to the surface of recruited white cells, to squeeze their way out through the walls of blood vessels and arrive at the injury site, where they can assist in the tissue repair process. Certain substances could possibly be used to accelerate the recovery. The science behind this mechanism is quite complex. Passage of cells across the blood endothelium, a process known as transmigration, is a mechanism involving engagement of cell surface

This is a document about Wound healing
  into the extracellular space, forming granulation tissue (see below). Lastly collagen is deposited into the ECM. In the first two or three days after injury, fibroblasts mainly migrate and proliferate, while later, they are the main cells that lay down the collagen matrix in the wound site. Origins of these fibroblasts are thought to be from the adjacent uninjured cutaneous tissue (although new evidence suggests that some are derived from blood-borne, circulating adult stem cells/precursors). Initially fibroblasts utilize the fibrin cross-linking fibers (well-formed by the end of the inflammatory phase) to migrate across the wound, subsequently adhering to fibronectin. Fibroblasts

This is a document about Keratinocyte
  Wounds to the skin will be repaired in part by the migration of keratinocytes to fill in the gap created by the wound. The first set of keratinocytes to participate in that repair come from the bulge region of the hair follicle and will only survive transiently. Within the healed epidermis they will be replaced by keratinocytes originating from the epidermis. At the opposite, epidermal keratinocytes, can contribute to de novo hair follicle formation during the healing of large wounds. Functional keratinocytes are needed for tympanic perforation healing.

This is a document about Scar
  Mammalian wounds that involve the dermis of the skin heal by repair, not regeneration (except in 1st trimester inter-uterine wounds and in the regeneration of deer antlers). Full thickness wounds heal by a combination of wound contracture and edge re-epitheliasation. Partial thickness wounds heal by edge re-epithelialisation and epidermal migration from adnexal structures (hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The site of keratinocyte stem cells remains unknown but stem cells are likely to reside in the basal layer of the epidermis and below the bulge area of hair follicles. The fibroblast involved in scarring and contraction is the myofibroblast, which is a specialized contractile fibroblast. These cells express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The myofibroblasts are absent in the first trimester in the embryonic stage where damage heals scar free;

This is a document about Lamellipodium
 Structure Lamellipodia are found primarily in all mobile cells, such as the keratinocytes of fish and frogs, which are involved in the quick repair of wounds. The lamellipodia of these keratinocytes allow them to move at speeds of 10–20 μm / min over epithelial surfaces. When separated from the main part of a cell, a lamellipodium can still crawl about freely on its own. Lamellipodia are a characteristic feature at the front, leading edge, of motile cells. They are believed to be the actual motor which pulls the cell forward during the process of cell migration. The tip of the lamellipodium is the

This is a document about Healing of periapical lesions
  In response to tissue injury, neutrophils leave the circulatory system in great numbers and gather at the site of tissue injury. They are drawn to the site by chemotaxis, following a concentration gradient of chemotactic molecules until they reach the site of greatest concentration: the site of injury and microbial presence. Once there, the antimicrobial action of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, derived from the metabolic processes of the neutrophils, act to combat the microbial invasion. While primarily mobilized to kill the invading microorganisms, the neutrophils actually cause a significant amount of host tissue damage as well. Although the neutrophils themselves rarely remain alive for

This is a document about Macrophage
  Macrophages are essential for wound healing. They replace polymorphonuclear neutrophils as the predominant cells in the wound by day two after injury. Attracted to the wound site by growth factors released by platelets and other cells, monocytes from the bloodstream enter the area through blood vessel walls. Numbers of monocytes in the wound peak one to one and a half days after the injury occurs. Once they are in the wound site, monocytes mature into macrophages. The spleen contains half the body's monocytes in reserve ready to be deployed to injured tissue. The macrophage's main role is to phagocytize bacteria and damaged tissue, and

This is a document about Wound healing
  and pseudopodia form. During migration, integrins on the pseudopod attach to the ECM, and the actin filaments in the projection pull the cell along. The interaction with molecules in the ECM through integrins further promotes the formation of actin filaments, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Epithelial cells climb over one another in order to migrate. This growing sheet of epithelial cells is often called the epithelial tongue. The first cells to attach to the basement membrane form the stratum basale. These basal cells continue to migrate across the wound bed, and epithelial cells above them slide along as well. The more quickly this migration occurs, the less of a scar there

This is a document about Jaime Imitola
  The mechanisms of how neural stem cells migrate to injury are critical to understanding repair. The role of the chemokines in migration of stem cells was demonstrated in 1997 when it was discovered that bone marrow stem cells could migrate to the chemokine SDF-1 alpha. However, the migration of stem cells in the brain to injury was less understood. In 2004, Imitola and his colleagues demonstrated an inflammation-dependent mechanism for the responses of NSCs to CNS injury by astrocytes. They showed that the inflammatory chemokine Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha released by astrocytes during stroke was responsible for the directed migration of human and mouse NSCs to areas of injury in mice, creating Injury induced stem

This is a document about Bioelectricity
  The whole gamut of cell types and their responses following injury are affected by physiological electric fields. Those include migration and division of epithelial cells, sprouting and extension of nerves, and migration of leukocytes and endothelial cells. The most well studied cellular behavior is directional migration of epithelial cells in electric fields – electrotaxis. The epithelial cells migrate directionally to the negative pole (cathode), which at a wound is the field polarity of the endogenous vectorial electric fields in the epithelium, pointing (positive to negative) to the wound center. Epithelial cells of the cornea, keratinocytes from the skin, and many other types of cells show directional migration at electric

This is a document about Astrogliosis
  injury or during peripherally-initiated adaptive immune responses. In regard to pro-inflammatory potential, certain molecules in astrocytes are associated with an increase in inflammation after traumatic injury. At early stages after insults, astrocytes not only activate inflammation, but also form potent cell migration barriers over time. These barriers mark areas where intense inflammation is needed and restrict the spread of inflammatory cells and infectious agents to nearby healthy tissue. CNS injury responses have favored mechanisms that keep small injuries uninfected. Inhibition of the migration of inflammatory cells and infectious agents have led to the accidental byproduct of axon regeneration inhibition, owing to the redundancy between migration cues across cell types.

This is a document about Starfish regeneration
  Re-epithelialization occurs within the first 48 hours post-amputation, in the middle of the repair phase. Interestingly, in contrast to most mammals, starfish accomplish re-epithelialization without any immediate proliferation of epidermal progenitor cells at the wound edge or wound epithelium. Rather, epidermal cells are stretched inwards from the wound edge, expanding centripetally until a continuous layer is formed. Of note, these stretched epidermal cells maintain their cell-cell junctions in starfish, whereas in mammals, junctional complexes are disrupted to allow the migration of keratinocytes over the wound. Subsequently, the wound epithelium becomes increasingly differentiated, thicker, and permanent. Moreover, in some starfish species, such as Echinaster sepositus and Acanthaster planci, a phagocytic syncytium transiently supports the migration of epithelial cells while protecting injured stump tissue from fluid loss

This is a document about Cell polarity
  Many cell types are capable of migration, such as leukocytes and fibroblasts, and in order for these cells to move in one direction, they must have a defined front and rear. At the front of the cell is the leading edge, which is often defined by a flat ruffling of the cell membrane called the lamellipodium or thin protrusions called filopodia. Here, actin polymerization in the direction of migration allows cells to extend the leading edge of the cell and to attach to the surface. At the rear of the cell, adhesions are disassembled and bundles of actin microfilaments, called stress fibers, contract and pull the trailing edge forward to keep up with the rest of the cell. Without this front-rear polarity, cells would be unable to coordinate directed migration.

This is a document about Stem-cell niche
  During injury, support cells are able to activate a program for repair, recapitulating aspects of development in the area of damage. These areas become permissive for stem cell renewal, migration and differentiation. For instance in the CNS, injury is able to activate a developmental program in astrocytes that allow them to express molecules that support stem cells such as chemokines i.e. SDF-1 and morphogens such as sonic hedgehog.

This is a document about Cell–cell recognition
  When a large multi-cellular organism sustains an injury, cell-cell recognition is often involved in bringing certain types of cells to the site of an injury. A common example of this is selectin-expressing cells in animals. Selectin is a receptor protein found on the membranes of leukocytes, platelet cells, and endothelial cells that binds membrane-bound glycans. In response to an injury, endothelial cells will express selectin, which binds to glycans present on the leukocyte cell surface. Platelet cells, which are involved in tissue repair, use their selectins to associate with leukocytes on the way to the endothelial cells. Leukocytes then use their own selectins to recognize potential pathogens at the site of the injury. In this manner, the appropriate cells are brought to the site of an injury to deal with immediate repair or invading microorganisms.

This is a document about Skin repair
  edges of the wound are pulled together by contraction. Contraction is an important part of the healing process when damage has been extensive, and involves shrinking in size of underlying contractile connective tissue, which brings the wound margins toward one another. In a major injury, if epithelial cell migration and tissue contraction cannot cover the wound, suturing the edges of the injured skin together, or even replacement of lost skin with skin grafts, may be required to restore the skin. As epithelial cells continue to migrate around the scab, the dermis is repaired by the activity of stem cells. Active

This is a document about Gliosis
  Gliosis is a nonspecific reactive change of glial cells in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS). In most cases, gliosis involves the proliferation or hypertrophy of several different types of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. In its most extreme form, the proliferation associated with gliosis leads to the formation of a glial scar. The process of gliosis involves a series of cellular and molecular events that occur over several days. Typically, the first response to injury is the migration of macrophages and local microglia to the injury site. This process, which constitutes a form of gliosis known as microgliosis, begins within hours of

The first cells to migrate to an injured area are neutrophils, which are part of the innate immune response. They are attracted to the site of injury by chemokines released from damaged cells and by fibronectin fibrils on the surface of the wound.


Question: who played joseph first phillip schofield or jason donovan

Answer: Jason Donovan

This is a document about Phillip Schofield
 town's mayor – still watching the sky. For this reason, and as a result of a later incident involving wing walking on an aeroplane leaving Southend Airport, Schofield chose Southend as one of his pet hates for the programme. In February 2010, Schofield launched Radio Plymouth in Devon. Schofield tried his hand at theatre and took over the role of Joseph in "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" from Jason Donovan on the West End stage in 1991. The second musical he performed in was the title role of "Doctor Dolittle" at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, before touring the

This is a document about Phillip Schofield
 Following his creation of an account with photo messaging service Snapchat in late 2016, Schofield found himself the subject of a series of memes due to his unique use of the application. Shared on Facebook, the memes reached peak popularity in mid-2017. His vivacious facial expressions gained him a cult following and inspired the post-modern multimedia cultural movement informally known as Schofwave. Schofield collects Bordeaux wines, an interest kindled by friend Jason Donovan. Asked in 1992 to introduce a compilation video for Donovan, Schofield refused to accept payment. Stock, Aitken and Waterman sent him two cases of Burgundy with a

This is a document about Steven Pimlott
 1988, he directed a production of the "York Mystery Plays" which was staged in the city's Museum Gardens, against the backdrop of the ruined St Mary's Abbey, and which featured the Indian actor Victor Banerjee as Jesus. Also in 1988, he directed the British première of Botho Strauss's "Der Park". Pimlott developed a wide range of theatrical work, which included avant garde, Shakespeare and popular musicals, such as the revival of "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" with Jason Donovan and then Phillip Schofield at the Palladium in 1991 and on Broadway in 1993, "Doctor Dolittle" at the Hammersmith Apollo

This is a document about Jason Donovan
 of songs from "Joseph" along with other actors who have played the eponymous role (Donny Osmond and Lee Mead) at the Concert for Diana in July 2007. In early 2008, Donovan had a role in ITV's post-watershed soap opera "Echo Beach"; the series was cancelled after 12 episodes. He also presented "Sunday Night with Jason Donovan", a programme on The One Network of British local radio stations. On 25 September 2008, Donovan performed in the canteen at the head offices of Tesco in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. He was promoting his forthcoming album, "Let It Be Me", which was released

This is a document about Jason Donovan
 role of "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" in the early 1990s. Born in Australia, he now resides in London, England. Jason Donovan was born in Malvern, Victoria, and is the son of Australian Sue McIntosh and British-born veteran stage and television actor Terence Donovan (who also appeared in "Neighbours") who has English and Irish heritage. Following his parents' separation and divorce, his father was awarded full custody of him in 1973 and brought him up on his own. Donovan has had no contact with his mother since the divorce. His half-sister is former "Neighbours" star Stephanie McIntosh. He attended

This is a document about Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album)
 Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album to be released by Australian singer Jason Donovan. The collection was released in 1991. The album featured all his UK hit singles up to this point apart from his recent No.1 single "Any Dream Will Do", which featured on the cast recording of "Joseph and the Technicolor Dreamcoat" (released on the Polydor label). 10 of the 13 tracks had featured on Donovan's first two albums, with new singles "R.S.V.P." and "Happy Together" included along with a cover of the Elvis Presley hit "A Fool Such as I".

This is a document about Caractacus Pott
 London's West End in 2002, with Caractacus Potts played by Michael Ball. The role has since been played on stage in the West End by Gary Wilmot (also on tour), Jason Donovan, Brian Conley (also on tour) and on tour Tim Flavin, Joseph McFadden, Craig McLachlan, Kevin Kennedy, (after playing the Childcatcher) Matt Baker, Aled Jones, Darren Bennett, Jon Robyns, Jason Manford and Lee Mead. For the 2005 Broadway production the role was played by Raúl Esparza. For the 2012 Australian production the role was played by David Hobson. Caractacus Pott Caractacus Potts is one of the main characters in

This is a document about When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song)
 Waterman. In addition, Matt Aitken contributed guitar; Mike Stock provided backing vocals, and both played keyboards on the track. An instrumental version and three remixes augmented the standard edit for the single release. When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song) "When You Come Back to Me" is a song recorded by Australian artist and actor Jason Donovan. It was released on 27 November 1989 as the first single from his second album " Between the Lines." It charted in the UK on 9 December 1989, peaking at Number 2 the following week and returning to the same position

This is a document about Scott Robinson (Neighbours)
 Scott Robinson (Neighbours) Scott James Robinson is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera "Neighbours", originally played by Darius Perkins, and then later by Jason Donovan. He made his debut screen appearance during the show's first episode broadcast on 18 March 1985. He appeared in 559 episodes. Darius Perkins played the role of Scott from the show's first episode. Producers had concerns over Perkins' reliability and after a series of rows they decided to recast the role of Scott when production moved to Network Ten. Jason Donovan was given the role following his graduation from school. He had initially

This is a document about All Around the World (Jason Donovan album)
 single, "Angel", was intended for release, but cancelled. Donovan was subsequently dropped by Polydor Records and this would be his last studio album for 15 years. All Around the World (Jason Donovan album) All Around the World is the third studio album by Jason Donovan, released in 1993. The album was Donovan's first on Polydor Records and his first since parting with producers Stock Aitken Waterman. It featured the singles "Mission of Love" (written by ex-Halo James vocalist Christian James)(UK #26), "As Time Goes By" (UK #26) and "All Around the World" (UK #41). The style of the album marked

This is a document about Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds – The New Generation
 coming to a close on 16 December 2014 in Amsterdam. Three of the guest performers were confirmed at the time of the tour announcement. Westlife's Brian McFadden played the role of the Sung Thoughts of the Journalist (played by Marti Pellow on the previous tour), "Les Misérables"' Carrie Hope Fletcher played Beth (Played by Kerry Ellis on the 2012 tour), and Jason Donovan reprised his role of the Parson Nathaniel. At the time, Jeff Wayne also announced that another guest had been confirmed but was yet to be announced. Later announcements confirmed Shayne Ward as the Artilleryman, Joseph Whelan as

This is a document about Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album)
 This album marked the end of Donovan's work with Stock Aitken Waterman, the producers who had masterminded his music career up to this point. The album reached No.9 on the UK Charts and a video compilation was released to coincide with the album. The cover photo was taken during sessions for the "When You Come Back to Me" single and was therefore two years old at the time of release. All tracks written by Stock Aitken Waterman unless otherwise stated Greatest Hits (1991 Jason Donovan album) Greatest Hits is the first compilation album to be released by Australian singer Jason

This is a document about Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
 Gail Berman and Susan Rose, who were the youngest producers on Broadway. The show received several Tony Award nominations including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Allen Fawcett replaced Hutton as Joseph in June 1982. David Cassidy took over the role of Joseph in March 1983 and also performed in the touring cast in 1983–1984. With Jason Donovan in the lead, the expanded show was restaged in 1991 at the London Palladium with Steven Pimlott as director and Anthony Van Laast as choreographer, winning the 1992 Laurence Olivier Award for set design. The cast album of this production was the

This is a document about All Around the World (Jason Donovan album)
 All Around the World (Jason Donovan album) All Around the World is the third studio album by Jason Donovan, released in 1993. The album was Donovan's first on Polydor Records and his first since parting with producers Stock Aitken Waterman. It featured the singles "Mission of Love" (written by ex-Halo James vocalist Christian James)(UK #26), "As Time Goes By" (UK #26) and "All Around the World" (UK #41). The style of the album marked a change of direction from his previous work. The singles had failed to sell as well as his previous hits and "As Time Goes By" would

This is a document about Terence Donovan (actor)
 30th anniversary titled "Neighbours 30th: The Stars Reunite", which aired in Australia and the UK in March 2015. He reprised the role of Doug Willis in episodes of the serial in 2016, culminating in the character's death. In 2003, he appeared in the drama series "MDA" in the role of Eric Savage, father of Richard Savage (played by his son Jason Donovan). He played the title role of Harry 'Breaker' Morant in the first public performance of Kenneth G. Ross's Australian play "Breaker Morant: A Play in Two Acts", presented by the Melbourne Theatre Company at the Athenaeum Theatre, in

This is a document about Suddenly (Angry Anderson song)
 by 20 million viewers in the UK. The ballad, which is played over the ceremony, was also chosen by Kylie Minogue, who played Charlene, as the song to be played at her own future wedding. "Suddenly" was denied the UK number 1 spot by the release of the Kylie and Jason Donovan duet, "Especially for You". This song has been used in the season 3 final of the UK sitcom "Gavin & Stacey" at the wedding of Vanessa Jenkins and Dave Coaches. It was also used in the first episode of "Sirens" on "Channel 4" in the UK for the

This is a document about Sue McIntosh
 They have three children, Katherine, Olivia and Stephanie McIntosh (who played "Sky Mangel" on "Neighbours"). She was previously married to actor Terence Donovan and their son is Australian actor/singer Jason Donovan. Sue McIntosh Sue McIntosh (born 1946) is a television actress and presenter and journalist. During the 1960s and 1970s she was an actress who worked in British and Australian television. Her early credits include a 1965 episode of "The Benny Hill Show" from its run on BBC Television, "Where the Bullets Fly" (1966) and hosting the children's show "Adventure Island" from 1969 to 1972. In the 1970s she also

This is a document about When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song)
 When You Come Back to Me (Jason Donovan song) "When You Come Back to Me" is a song recorded by Australian artist and actor Jason Donovan. It was released on 27 November 1989 as the first single from his second album " Between the Lines." It charted in the UK on 9 December 1989, peaking at Number 2 the following week and returning to the same position in January 1990, becoming one of his biggest selling singles. As with all Donovan's early recordings, "When You Come Back to Me" was written and produced by the production team Stock, Aitken &

This is a document about Jason Donovan
  Jason Sean Donovan (born 1 June 1968) is an Australian actor and singer. He initially achieved fame in the Australian soap Neighbours, playing Scott Robinson, before beginning a career in music in 1988. In the UK he has sold over 3 million records. His debut album Ten Good Reasons was the highest-selling album in the UK in 1989, with sales of over 1.5 million. He has had four UK No. 1 singles, one of which was "Especially for You", his 1988 duet with fellow Neighbours co-star Kylie Minogue. He has also appeared in several stage musicals, most prominently in the lead role of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat in the early 1990s.

Phil Schofield played the role of Joseph first, in the West End musical "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" in 1991. Jason Donovan took over the role from Schofield later that year.


Question: when was the black and white camera invented

Answer: 1839

This is a document about History of photography
 exposure in the camera, and produced clear, finely detailed results. The details were introduced as a gift to the world in 1839, a date generally accepted as the birth year of practical photography. The metal-based daguerreotype process soon had some competition from the paper-based calotype negative and salt print processes invented by William Henry Fox Talbot. Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile. New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds, and eventually to a small fraction of a second; new photographic media were more economical, sensitive or convenient, including roll films for casual use

This is a document about Photograph
  many years, even after the introduction of the more convenient gelatin process in 1871. Refinements of the gelatin process have remained the primary black-and-white photographic process to this day, differing primarily in the sensitivity of the emulsion and the support material used, which was originally glass, then a variety of flexible plastic films, along with various types of paper for the final prints. Color photography is almost as old as black-and-white, with early experiments including John Herschel's Anthotype prints in 1842, the pioneering work of Louis Ducos du Hauron in the 1860s, and the Lippmann process unveiled in 1891, but for many years color photography remained little more

This is a document about Thomas Sutton (photographer)
  In 1859, Sutton developed the earliest panoramic camera with a wide-angle lens. The lens consisted of a glass sphere filled with water, which projected an image onto a curved plate. The camera was capable of capturing an image in a 120 degree arc. In 1861, Sutton created the first single lens reflex camera. Sutton was the photographer for James Clerk Maxwell's pioneering 1861 demonstration of colour photography. In a practical trial of a thought-experiment Maxwell had published in 1855, Sutton took three separate black-and-white photographs of a multicoloured ribbon, one through a blue filter, one through a green filter, and one through

This is a document about Hand-colouring of photographs
  Monochrome (black and white) photography was first exemplified by the daguerreotype in 1839 and later improved by other methods including: calotype, ambrotype, tintype, albumen print and gelatin silver print. The majority of photography remained monochrome until the mid-20th century, although experiments were producing colour photography as early as 1855 and some photographic processes produced images with an inherent overall colour like the blue of cyanotypes. In an attempt to create more realistic images, photographers and artists would hand-colour monochrome photographs. The first hand-coloured daguerreotypes are attributed to Swiss painter and printmaker Johann Baptist Isenring, who used a mixture of gum arabic and pigments to colour daguerreotypes soon after their invention in

This is a document about Color motion picture film
   Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color. The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902. A simplified additive system was successfully commercialized in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters. During 1930s the first practical subtractive color processes were introduced. These also used black-and-white film to photograph multiple color-filtered source images, but the

This is a document about Adolf Miethe
  the designer of a camera for color photography, the first photographic product made by the Berlin cabinetmaker Wilhelm Bermpohl. Introduced to the public in 1903, it produced sets of three separate black-and-white images on glass plates by making a series of three photographs of the subject through red, green and blue color fliters, a method of color photography first proposed by James Clerk Maxwell. These were used to reconstitute the full original range of color by projecting transparent positives made from them through similar filters and exactly superimposing the images on the projection screen (additive color), or by making three prints consisting of transparent pigment or dye images in the complementary colors

This is a document about Timeline of photography technology
 1901 – Kodak introduces the 120 film format. ; 1902 – Arthur Korn devises practical telephotography technology (reduction of photographic images to signals that can be transmitted by wire to other locations).Wire-Photos are in wide use in Europe by 1910, and transmitted to other continents by 1922. ; 1907 – The Autochrome plate is introduced. It becomes the first commercially successful color photography product. ; 1908 – Kinemacolor, a two-color process known as the first commercial "natural color" system for movies, is introduced. ; 1909 – Kodak announces a 35 mm "safety" motion picture film on an acetate base as an alternative to the

This is a document about History of photography
  A practical means of color photography was sought from the very beginning. Results were demonstrated by Edmond Becquerel as early as the year of 1848, but exposures lasting for hours or days were required and the captured colors were so light-sensitive they would only bear very brief inspection in dim light. The first durable color photograph was a set of three black-and-white photographs taken through red, green, and blue color filters and shown superimposed by using three projectors with similar filters. It was taken by Thomas Sutton in 1861 for use in a lecture by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who had

This is a document about Field-sequential color system
  The use of sequential color systems for moving images predates the invention of fully electronic television. Described at the time as "additive" rather than sequential color systems, two-color Kinemacolor, in commercial use since 1906, and its predecessor three-color format, invented by Edward Raymond Turner and patented in 1899, were both sequential natural color systems for use with motion picture film. They utilized black-and-white film and rotating color filter wheels to record the amount of each color in the scene on alternating frames of the film, so that when the frames were projected by light of similar colors at a sufficiently rapid rate, those

This is a document about Frederic Eugene Ives
  Ives was a pioneer in the field of color photography. He first demonstrated a system of natural color photography at the 1885 Novelties Exposition of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. His fully developed Kromskop (long-vowel marks over both "o"s and pronounced "chrome-scope") color photography system was commercially available in England by late 1897 and in the US about a year later. Three separate black-and-white photographs of the subject were taken through carefully adjusted red, green and blue filters, a method of photographically recording color first suggested by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855 and imperfectly demonstrated in 1861, but subsequently forgotten and independently reinvented by others. Transparent positives

This is a document about Photography
  Color photography was explored beginning in the 1840s. Early experiments in color required extremely long exposures (hours or days for camera images) and could not "fix" the photograph to prevent the color from quickly fading when exposed to white light. The first permanent color photograph was taken in 1861 using the three-color-separation principle first published by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1855. The foundation of virtually all practical color processes, Maxwell's idea was to take three separate black-and-white photographs through red, green and blue filters. This provides the photographer with the three basic channels required to recreate a color image. Transparent prints of the images could be projected through similar

This is a document about 1900s (decade)
  New Year Eve's broadcast had reached places in the Caribbean. Although now seen as a landmark, these two broadcasts were barely noticed at the time and soon forgotten— the only first-hand account appears to be a letter Fessenden wrote on January 29, 1932, to his former associate, Samuel M. Kinter. 1907 – The Autochrome Lumière which was patented in 1903 becomes the first commercial color photography process. ; 1907 – Thomas Edison invented the "Universal Electric Motor" which made it possible to operate dictation machines, etc. on all lighting circuits. ; 1907 – The Photostat machine begins the modern era

This is a document about Timeline of photography technology
  credited with introduction of the carte de visite (English: visiting card or calling card) format for portraiture. Disdéri uses a camera with multiple lenses that can photograph eight different poses on one large negative. After printing on albumen paper, the images are cut apart and glued to calling-card-size mounts. ; 1857 – In America David Acheson Woodward patents the solar camera, derived from the earlier solar microscope, using sunlight to make enlargements from glass negatives ; 1861 – James Clerk Maxwell presents a projected additive color image of a multicolored ribbon, the first demonstration of color photography by the three-color method he suggested in

This is a document about History of photography
  day in 1869. Included were methods for viewing a set of three color-filtered black-and-white photographs in color without having to project them, and for using them to make full-color prints on paper. The first widely used method of color photography was the Autochrome plate, a process inventors and brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière began working on in the 1890s and commercially introduced in 1907. It was based on one of Louis Duclos du Haroun's ideas: instead of taking three separate photographs through color filters, take one through a mosaic of tiny color filters overlaid on the emulsion and view the results through an

This is a document about Dufaycolor
  The photographic reproduction of natural colour by means of a black-and-white photograph taken and viewed through a mosaic of tiny colour filters was an idea first patented and published by Louis Ducos du Hauron in the late 1860s, but the incomplete colour sensitivity of contemporary photographic materials made it impractical at that time. John Joly independently reinvented the concept in 1894 and attempted to commercialise it, but the first successful product based on this idea, the Autochrome plate, did not reach the market until 1907. Several competing mosaic colour screen plate products soon appeared, including Louis Dufay's Dioptichrome plate, but the Autochrome plate remained by far the most popular. A film-based version of Autochrome

This is a document about Digital photography
  kg), recorded black and white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution of 0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels), and took 23 seconds to capture its first image in December 1975. The prototype camera was a technical exercise, not intended for production. While it was not until 1981 that the first consumer camera was produced by Sony, Inc., the groundwork for digital imaging and photography had been laid. The first digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was the Nikon SVC prototype demonstrated in 1986, followed by the commercial Nikon QV-1000C released in 1988. The first widely commercially available digital camera was the 1990

This is a document about Digital photography
  While digital photography has only relatively recently become mainstream, the late 20th century saw many small developments leading to its creation. The history of digital photography as we know it began in the 1950s. In 1951, the first digital signals were saved to magnetic tape via the first video tape recorder. Six years later, in 1957, the first digital image was produced through a computer by Russell Kirsch. It was an image of his son. The metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) process, invented by engineers Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959, led to the development of digital semiconductor image sensors, including

This is a document about Daguerreotype
  Daguerreotype ( daguerréotype) was the first publicly available photographic process; it was widely used during the 1840s and 1850s. "Daguerreotype" also refers to an image created through this process. Invented by Louis Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, the daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes, such as ambrotype, that yield more readily viewable images. There was a revival of daguerreotype in the late 20th century by a small number of photographers interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.  To make the image, a daguerreotypist polished a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish; treated it with fumes that made its surface light sensitive; exposed it

This is a document about Cinema of the United Kingdom
  world was made; like other films made at the time, it is of everyday events. In 2012 it was found by the National Science and Media Museum in Bradford after lying forgotten in an old tin for 110 years. The previous title for earliest colour film, using Urban's inferior Kinemacolor process, was thought to date from 1909. The re-discovered films were made by pioneer Edward Raymond Turner from London who patented his process on 22 March 1899. In 1903 Urban formed the Charles Urban Trading Company, which produced early colour films using his patented Kinemacolor process. This was later challenged in court by Greene, causing the

This is a document about 1900s (decade)
  delivery vehicles in cities. However, the Edison alkaline battery proved useful for lighting railway cars and signals, maritime buoys, and miners lamps. Unlike iron ore mining with the Edison Ore-Milling Company, the heavy investment Edison made over ten years was repaid handsomely, and the storage battery eventually became Edison's most profitable product. Further, Edison's work paved the way for the modern alkaline battery." ; 1900 – The Brownie camera is invented; this was the beginning of the Eastman Kodak company. The Brownie popularized low-cost photography and introduced the concept of the snapshot. The first Brownie was introduced in February 1900, 1900

The black and white photographic process was invented in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. However, the first practical birth of photography is generally accepted to be the introduction of the daguerreotype process in 1839.