Question: who sang there she was walking down the street

Answer: Manfred Mann

This is a document about Do Wah Diddy Diddy
 Do Wah Diddy Diddy "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" is a song written by Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich and originally recorded in 1963, as "Do-Wah-Diddy", by the American vocal group The Exciters. It was made internationally famous by the British band Manfred Mann. It was soon covered by British R&B, beat and pop band Manfred Mann. Manfred Mann's version was released on 10 July, and spent two weeks No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart in August, and two weeks at the No. 1 spot in the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 in October. The song has been covered many times,

This is a document about Gene Austin
  surreptitiously providing the vocals for the Tennessee guitarist George Reneau, whose own voice did not record well. In 1925, Austin recorded his popular song "When My Sugar Walks Down the Street" for the Victor Talking Machine Company in a duet with Aileen Stanley. Nathaniel Shilkret, in his autobiography, describes the events leading to the recording. He followed it that year with hits including "Yearning (Just for You)" and "Yes Sir, That's My Baby. In the next decade with Victor, Austin sold over 80 million records. His 1926 "Bye Bye Blackbird" was in the year's top twenty records. George A. Whiting and

This is a document about The Bangles
  group was amazed to discover that it brought them a new audience of female fans, most of them very young. Commented Michael Steele to a Nine-O-One Network Magazine writer: "When I go out now it is usually girls who recognize me." Three additional hit singles released from the Different Light album were: "Following" (top 40 in Ireland), "Walking Down Your Street" (number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100) and the wistful "If She Knew What She Wants", written and first recorded by Jules Shear (which reached 29 on the Hot 100 in the summer of 1986 and was in the German top 20

This is a document about Walking Down Your Street
  "Walking Down Your Street" is a song by The Bangles. It is the fourth single from their album Different Light. It was released as a single in 1987 and charted at #11 on the Billboard Hot 100, #16 on the UK Singles Chart, #26 on the Canadian RPM Top Singles and #56 on the Australian Kent Music Report chart. The next single, "Following", was only released in the UK, making "Walking Down Your Street" the final single from Different Light in the US. The original LP version varies slightly from the 7" single mix and the version included with their Greatest Hits compilation. It was written by Louis Gutierrez, guitarist Susanna Hoffs and producer David Kahne - making it the Bangles' first in a string of US Top 40 hits written by at least one band member. The video boasts appearances by Randy Quaid and Little Richard. Wardrobe Stylist Genny Schorr

This is a document about Hitch Hike (song)
  the show and also did the move onstage. The dance was also performed during Marvin's performance of the song in the T.A.M.I. Show. The single was successful enough to land Gaye his first top forty pop single in 1963 with "Hitch Hike" reaching number thirty on the pop singles chart while reaching number twelve on the R&B singles chart. Again, like "Stubborn", Martha and the Vandellas accompanied Gaye on this song. Artists including The Sonics, The Rolling Stones, The Mothers of Invention and Alice Cooper covered this song during their early years. The Velvet Underground's song "There She Goes Again" is

This is a document about The Nig-Heist
 1982: "Walking Down the Street" 7" (Thermidor Records)

This is a document about All I Have to Do Is Dream
  joint number one with Vic Damone's "On the Street Where You Live"), spending 21 weeks on the chart in Britain. The song has also featured on several notable lists of the best songs or singles of all time, including British music magazine Qs 1001 best songs ever in 2003. It was named one of the "500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll" by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and received the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 2004. The B-side, "Claudette", was the first major song writing success for Roy Orbison (who also recorded his own version of

This is a document about Don't Go Down That Street
  "Don't Go Down That Street" is a song by 1980s new wave band Culture Club. It was released as the B-side to their 1984 single "The Medal Song" (a song about the 1930s American actress Frances Farmer, who was featured on the sleeve of the single). It later appeared as a bonus track on the 2003 CD reissue of the album Waking Up with the House on Fire. In the tradition of earlier Culture Club songs, "Don't Go Down That Street" includes chatting, but instead of Jamaican patois, it features Japanese chatting by Miko, Boy George's friend at the time. That

This is a document about There He Is (At My Door)
  the latter single also being the debut of the group's new name, Martha and the Vandellas. "There He Is", actually received more airplay than its A-side, but neither side of both singles charted. The Vandellas later made a second version of "There He Is", but with Reeves lead vocals over the original Instrumental and backing vocal track (and the knocking sound removed). This version would first appear on the group's 1963 debut album, Come and Get These Memories, and then reappear on the B-side of their Top Ten hit single "Dancing in the Street", and the album Dance Party.

This is a document about Gary Weis
 The Bangles – "Walk Like an Egyptian"/"Walking Down Your Street" ; George Harrison – "Got My Mind Set On You" ; Paul Simon – "You Can Call Me Al"

This is a document about Girl Next Door Went A-Walking
  "Girl Next Door Went A-Walking" is a song recorded by Elvis Presley in 1960 for his first post-army album Elvis Is Back!. Thomas Wayne, the co-writer, recorded the original version in 1959 on Scotty Moore's own short-lived Fernwood record label. It was released as a single in May 1960, after the Presley's version had already been released.

This is a document about Cornell 5/8/77
  the Street" (William Stevenson, Marvin Gaye, Ivy Jo Hunter) – 16:32 ; Second set: ; 1) "Scarlet Begonias" > (Garcia, Hunter) – 11:15 ; 2) "Fire on the Mountain" (Mickey Hart, Hunter) – 15:40 ; 3) "Estimated Prophet" (Weir, Barlow) – 8:49 1) "St. Stephen" > (Garcia, Phil Lesh, Hunter) – 5:03 ; 2) "Not Fade Away" > (Norman Petty, Charles Hardin) – 16:20 ; 3) "St. Stephen" > (Garcia, Lesh, Hunter) – 1:54 ; 4) "Morning Dew" (Bonnie Dobson, Tim Rose) – 14:17 ; Encore: ; 1) "One More Saturday Night" (Weir) – 5:10 Disc 1 Disc 2 Disc 3

This is a document about Jim Horn
  Lionel Richie ; Little Richard ; The Mamas & the Papas – notably "Creeque Alley" ; Michael Jackson ; Mink DeVille – Sportin' Life ; Molly Hatchet - The Deed Is Done ; Monk Higgins - Extra Soul Perception ; Neil Sedaka – Sedaka's Back ; Paul McCartney ; Pete Huttlinger ; Ringo Starr – "Don't Go Where the Road Don't Go" ; Rita Coolidge ; Ronnie Milsap – Lost in the Fifties Tonight ; Roy Orbison ; Seals & Crofts – Summer Breeze ; Shawn Phillips – "Italian Phases" (soprano saxophone) ; Shooter Jennings – Played and arranged horns on album "The Wolf" (2007) ;

This is a document about The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits
  The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits is the fifteenth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams and was released in September 1964 by Columbia Records, one month before the premiere of the film version of My Fair Lady starring Audrey Hepburn. The album made its first appearance on Billboard magazine's Top LP's chart in the issue dated September 26 of that year and remained on the album chart for 33 weeks, peaking at number five. The album received Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America on September 17, 1965. The single from the album, "On the Street Where You Live", debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 in the issue of the magazine dated September 12, 1964, eventually reaching number

This is a document about 1964 in music
  Faith • "My Boy Lollipop" – Millie • "My Guy" – Mary Wells • "Needle In A Haystack"- The Velvelettes • "Non Ho L'Età (Per Amarti)" – Gigliola Cinquetti • "One Way Love" – Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers • "On the Beach" – Cliff Richard and The Shadows • "On the Street Where You Live" – Andy Williams • "Popsicles and Icicles" – The Murmaids • "Rag Doll" – The Four Seasons • "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" – The Shangri-las • "Rhythm and Greens" – The Shadows • "Right or Wrong" — Ronnie Dove • "Ringo"

This is a document about Bill Rice
  Wilburn Steven Rice was born April 19, 1939. He learned to play guitar at age fourteen and was signed to his first recording contract at age 18. In 1960, he had his first cut as a songwriter when Elvis Presley recorded "Girl Next Door Went A-Walking". Rice began collaborating with songwriter, Jerry Foster, after meeting him while on tour. The two wrote songs together and were signed to a songwriting contract through the assistance of Cowboy Jack Clement. Some of their earliest songs they wrote were "Big Big City" and "Quarter Mile Rows" which were both recorded by singer-pianist Moon Mullican. Their writing partnership has been hugely successful with many dozens

This is a document about All the Leaves Are Brown
  Stumble and Fall" ; 3) "Dancing Bear" ; 4) "Words of Love" ; 5) "My Heart Stood Still" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) ; 6) "Dancing in the Street" (Marvin Gaye, William "Mickey" Stevenson, Ivy Jo Hunter) ; 7) "I Saw Her Again" (J. Phillips, Doherty) ; 8) "Strange Young Girls" ; 9) "I Can't Wait" ; 10) "Even if I Could" ; 11) "That Kind of Girl" ; 12) "Once Was a Time I Thought" ; The Mamas & The Papas Deliver (March 1967) ; 1) "Dedicated to the One I Love" (Ralph Bass, Lowman Pauling) ; 2) "My Girl" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) ; 3) "Creeque Alley" (J. Phillips, M. Phillips)

This is a document about That's My Desire
 Ronnie Dove recorded the song in 1967 for his album, The Best of Ronnie Dove Volume 2. ; Louis Armstrong and his orchestra (recorded March 19, 1947, released by Decca Records as catalog numbers 28105 and 28106, with the flip side "On the Sunny Side of the Street"; re-recorded July 1952, released by Decca Records as catalog number 28372, with the flip side "Baby, It's Cold Outside"). ; Hadda Brooks (1947) ; Butanes (1961) ; Chuck Carbo and The Spiders (recorded November 29, 1956, released by Imperial Records as catalog number 5423, with the flip side "Honey Bee"). ; The Cats and the Fiddle (vocal by Austin Powell; released by Manor Records as catalog number 1064, with

This is a document about 1987 MTV Video Music Awards
 Los Lobos – "La Bamba" ; Bryan Adams – "Only the Strong Survive"/"Victim of Love" ; The Bangles – "Walk Like an Egyptian"/"Walking Down Your Street" ; Bon Jovi – "Livin' on a Prayer" (live from New York City) ; Crowded House – "Don't Dream It's Over"/"Now We're Getting Somewhere" ; Madonna – "Causing a Commotion" (live from Italy) ; Whitesnake – "Still of the Night" ; Whitney Houston – "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" (live from Saratoga Springs, New York) ; The Cars – "You Are the Girl"/"Double Trouble" ; David Bowie – "Never Let Me Down" (live from Montreal) ; Prince – "Sign o' the Times"/"Play in the Sunshine" ; Whitney Houston – "Didn't We Almost Have It All" (live from Saratoga Springs, New York) ; Cyndi Lauper – "Change of Heart"/"True Colors" ; Run-D.M.C. (featuring Steven Tyler and Joe Perry) – "Walk This Way"

This is a document about Arif Mardin
  Thereza Bazar, The Rascals, Carly Simon, Petula Clark, Bette Midler, Barbra Streisand, the Bee Gees, Diana Ross, Queen, Patti Labelle, Aretha Franklin, Lulu, Anita Baker, Judy Collins, Phil Collins, Scritti Politti, Culture Club, Roberta Flack, Average White Band, Hall & Oates, Donny Hathaway, Jeffrey Osborne, Norah Jones, Daniel Rodriguez, Chaka Khan, George Benson, Melissa Manchester, The Manhattan Transfer, Modern Jazz Quartet, Willie Nelson, John Prine, Leo Sayer, Dusty Springfield, David Bowie, Jewel and Ringo Starr. Mardin is listed on Stephen Stills' first album (1970) issued by Atlantic Records, as a contributing artist for string arrangement on the songs "Church" and "To a Flame". Arif Mardin, when producing the Bee Gees' 1975 Main Course album track "Nights on Broadway" discovered the distinctive falsetto of Barry Gibb, which became a familiar trademark

The song "Walking Down Your Street" was sung by The Bangles.


Question: who played in last year 's super bowl and who won

Answer: New England Patriots

This is a document about Super Bowl LI
 Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their

This is a document about Seattle
 three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively

This is a document about Derrick Martin
 Derrick Martin Derrick Jerome Martin (born May 16, 1985) is an American football safety who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the sixth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Wyoming. He has also played for the Green Bay Packers, New York Giants, New England Patriots, and Chicago Bears. With the Packers, he won Super Bowl XLV over the Pittsburgh Steelers and the following year with the Giants, he won Super Bowl XLVI over the Patriots. Martin attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Denver, CO where he led his

This is a document about Army–Navy Game
 Bowl VI. Wide receiver and return specialist Phil McConkey (Navy, 1979) was a popular player on the New York Giants squad that won Super Bowl XXI. Running back Napoleon McCallum (Navy, 1985) was able to complete his commitment to the Navy and play for the then-Los Angeles Raiders in 1986. After satisfying his Navy commitment, he joined the Raiders full-time. Running back Kyle Eckel (Navy, 2005) was a two-time Army-Navy Game MVP and played in the Super Bowl twice during a five year career, once with the team who originally signed him, the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLII,

This is a document about Gale Gilbert
 history to be a member of five straight Super Bowl teams. He was a member of the Bills, who played in four straight Super Bowls (XXV- XXVIII) and of the Chargers, who played in Super Bowl XXIX. All five teams lost. In June 1988, Gilbert pleaded guilty to second-degree attempted assault in connection with alleged sexual misconduct. Gilbert's son, Garrett Gilbert, last played for the Carolina Panthers. Drafted by the St. Louis Rams, played with the New England Patriots and Detroit Lions practice squad. He formerly played quarterback for the University of Texas Longhorns and Southern Methodist University Mustangs football

This is a document about Chance Warmack
 a one-year, $1.51 million deal with the Philadelphia Eagles. On September 2, 2017, he signed a one-year contract extension with the Eagles through the 2018 season. In 2017, he played in 11 games, starting three at left guard. Warmack won Super Bowl LII when the Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41-33. In the Super Bowl, he played four snaps at guard and another two for special teams plays. Warmack has a younger brother, Dallas, who is now an offensive guard for the University of Oregon. Chance Warmack Chance Warmack (born September 14, 1991) is an American football guard for

This is a document about The Play (American football)
 announcer Joe Starkey for his famous call of The Play. Ron Rivera, a starting defensive end for California, went on to play for the 1985 Chicago Bears, who went 15–1 during the regular season and won Super Bowl XX over the New England Patriots. Rivera was named head coach of the Carolina Panthers in January 2011. He won Coach of the Year in 2013 and 2015, and took the Panthers to Super Bowl 50 in 2015. Gary Plummer, a linebacker for the Golden Bears, was drafted into the United States Football League in 1983. He played 8 seasons with the

This is a document about Will Beatty
 Will Beatty William Keith Beatty (born March 2, 1985) is an American football offensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Connecticut, and was drafted by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He won two Super Bowl rings, one with the Giants when they won Super Bowl XLVI and one with the Eagles when they won Super Bowl LII, both against the New England Patriots. Beatty participated in the 2009 NFL Combine in Indianapolis. He wore the OL2 jersey. He was a top performer in the 40yd Dash,

This is a document about Eugene Robinson
 Eugene Robinson Eugene Keefe Robinson (born May 28, 1963) is a former professional American football player who played free safety. He played collegiately at Colgate University. In his 16-year NFL career, Robinson played for the Seattle Seahawks from 1985 to 1995, the Green Bay Packers from 1996 to 1997, Atlanta Falcons from 1998 to 1999, and Carolina Panthers in 2000. He won Super Bowl XXXI with the Packers over the New England Patriots. After a college career at Colgate University, Robinson spent his first 11 NFL seasons with the Seahawks, being selected to the Pro Bowl twice in 1992 and

This is a document about 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season
 won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl

This is a document about Jeff Feagles
 Jeff Feagles Jeffrey Allan Feagles (born March 7, 1966) is a former American football punter who played in the National Football League (NFL) for twenty-two seasons. He played college football for the University of Miami. He was originally signed by the New England Patriots as an undrafted free agent in 1988, and most recently played for the New York Giants. Feagles is known for using the "coffin corner" punt. He earned Pro Bowl selections in 1995 and 2008 and won a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in Super Bowl XLII over the Patriots. Feagles, the most durable punter in

This is a document about Super Bowl LI
  Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28. Super Bowl LI featured the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, with the Patriots overcoming a 28–3 deficit to emerge victorious. Due to the comeback, the Falcons' blown 28–3 lead would enter NFL lore. The game was also the first and currently only Super Bowl to be decided in

This is a document about Super Bowl LII
  Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season. It was also the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city. New England finished the

This is a document about Super Bowl XL
  Super Bowl XL was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2005 season. The Steelers defeated the Seahawks by the score of 21–10. The game was played on February 5, 2006, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. It is currently the most recent Super Bowl broadcast on ABC, and the first where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. With the win, the Steelers tied the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys with the then-record five Super Bowl victories (a record the Steelers themselves would

This is a document about February 2008 in sports
 American football: ; Super Bowl XLII at Glendale, Arizona: New York Giants 17, New England Patriots 14 ; With a fierce defense led by defensive linemen Michael Strahan and Justin Tuck and a productive final drive fueled by wide receiver David Tyree, the Giants shock the heavily favored and previously unbeaten Patriots and become World Champions. After three quarters dominated by defensive play, New England goes ahead, 14–10, on a Tom Brady touchdown pass to Randy Moss with 2:42 left. The Giants reach striking range on a circus catch by the little-used Tyree, setting up the game-winning touchdown pass from quarterback Eli Manning to a

This is a document about NFL Kickoff Game
  both quarterbacks who started games in 2015 left the team; Peyton Manning (who played the entirety of Super Bowl 50) retired and Brock Osweiler left as a free agent. 2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season. 2018: The defending Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles hosted the Atlanta Falcons for the 2018 Kickoff Game at Lincoln Financial Field, in a rematch of their

This is a document about History of the Dallas Cowboys
  a year after winning Super Bowl XXXI 35–21 against the New England Patriots, the Seattle Seahawks lost Super Bowl XLIX 28–24 to the New England Patriots a year after winning Super Bowl XLVIII in a crushing 43–8 blowout against the Denver Broncos, the New England Patriots lost Super Bowl LII 41–33 to the Philadelphia Eagles a year after winning Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, and the Kansas City Chiefs lost Super Bowl LV 31-9 to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers a year after winning Super Bowl LIV 31-20 against the San Francisco 49ers. ; The first team in NFC East history to sweep all of its division opponents (home and away), going

This is a document about February 2005 in sports
 American football: Super Bowl XXXIX: The New England Patriots becomes the first team since the 1997–1998 Denver Broncos to repeat as World Champions in their defeat of the Philadelphia Eagles 24–21 in Jacksonville, Florida. In the process, Deion Branch, the game's most valuable player, gets a Super Bowl-tying record 11 passes for 133 yards. (AP/Yahoo!) (AP/ESPN) ; Rugby union – Six Nations: In the final game of the opening round of matches, Ireland defeat Italy in Rome 28–17 after a hard-fought match, with Italy scoring a last-minute try. Ireland stars Brian O'Driscoll and Gordon D'Arcy both suffered hamstring injuries and are doubtful for next week's match at Murrayfield against Scotland. (BBC) ; Cricket: ;

This is a document about Three-peat
  In the National Football League (NFL), a Super Bowl championship three-peat has not been accomplished. Two-time defending Super Bowl champions who failed to three-peat include the Green Bay Packers (1968), Miami Dolphins (1974), Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: 1976, 1980), San Francisco 49ers (1990), Dallas Cowboys (1994), Denver Broncos (1999), and New England Patriots (2005). All of these teams failed to return to the title game in the third season (indicated in parentheses). The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls from 1990–1993 which is a feat unmatched in NFL history, however they lost in every appearance. The New England Patriots are the most recent team to play in three consecutive Super Bowls from 2016–2018, winning Super Bowl LI (2016) and Super Bowl LIII (2018),

This is a document about Super Bowl XLIX
  Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champions of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions and defending Super Bowl XLVIII champions Seattle Seahawks, 28–24. The game was played on February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, the second held at the stadium and the third in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The Patriots' victory was their fourth overall and first since Super Bowl XXXIX, ending a 10-year championship drought. They finished the regular season with a 12–4 record en route to their eighth Super Bowl appearance, tying the record held by the Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers, and sixth under the leadership of

The New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons played in Super Bowl LI in 2017. The New England Patriots won the game with a score of 34-28 in overtime.


Question: who released a hit song in the 80s called ' 99 red balloons '

Answer: the German band Nena

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
 99 Luftballons "99 Luftballons" (, "99 balloons") is a song by the German band Nena from their 1983 self-titled album. An English-language version titled "99 Red Balloons", with lyrics by Kevin McAlea, was also released on the album "99 Luftballons" in 1984 after widespread success of the original in Europe and Japan. The English version is not a direct translation of the German original and contains somewhat different lyrics. While at a June 1982 concert by the Rolling Stones in West Berlin, Nena's guitarist Carlo Karges noticed that balloons were being released. As he watched them move toward the horizon,

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
 stage in front of a backdrop of fires and explosions provided by the Dutch Army. Towards the end of the video, the band are seen taking cover and abandoning the stage, which was unplanned and genuine since they believed the explosive blasts were getting out of control. In 2006, the video was used for a $200,000 fundraising campaign for Hurricane Katrina relief efforts. VH1 Classic played the English and German versions for an hour straight as part of Mercy Corps' campaign. 99 Luftballons "99 Luftballons" (, "99 balloons") is a song by the German band Nena from their 1983 self-titled

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
  "99 Luftballons" (99 balloons) is a song by the German band Nena from their 1983 self-titled album. An English-language version titled "99 Red Balloons", with lyrics by Kevin McAlea, was also released on the album 99 Luftballons in 1984 after widespread success of the original in Europe and Japan. The English version is not a direct translation of the German original and contains lyrics with a somewhat different meaning. In the US, the English-language version did not chart, while the German-language recording became Nena's only US hit.

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
  American and Australian audiences preferred the original German version, which became a very successful non-English-language song, topping charts in both countries, reaching No.1 on the Cash Box chart, Kent Music Report, and No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100, behind "Jump" by Van Halen. It was certified Gold by the RIAA. The later-released English translation, "99 Red Balloons", topped the charts in the UK, Canada and Ireland. In his 2010 book Music: What Happened?, critic and musician Scott Miller declared that the song possesses "one of the best hooks of the eighties" and listed it among his top song picks for 1984. Nonetheless, he cautioned: "It must be admitted that this song suffers from an embarrassingly out-of-place disco funk interlude, and the word Kriegsminister."

This is a document about Nena (band)
  Swiss charts. In early 1983 the follow-up single "99 Luftballons" spent a further 7 weeks at number 2 before finally reaching the top slot, a position the debut album matched. By the time the band released its second album ? (Fragezeichen) in Germany in January 1984, "99 Luftballons" was starting to climb the US charts, where it reached number 2 and became one of the most successful non-English-language tracks in US Billboard chart history. With the English version of the song ("99 Red Balloons") achieving the number 1 position in the UK, the band became internationally famous and in 1984 gave concerts and made TV appearances in Scandinavia, the UK, Spain and France as well as a 7-date tour (on consecutive nights) of Japan.

This is a document about 99 Luftballons (album)
  The album is composed of tracks released on the band's two previous albums, Nena (1983) and ? (Fragezeichen) (1984), five of which are English-translated versions. "99 Red Balloons" ("99 Luftballons"), "Just a Dream" ("Nur geträumt"), "Kino", "Leuchtturm" and "99 Luftballons" were taken from Nena (1983), while "? (Question Mark)" ("? (Fragezeichen)"), "Hangin' on You" ("Ich häng' an dir"), "Let Me Be Your Pirate" ("Lass mich dein Pirat sein"), "Das Land der Elefanten", "Rette mich" and "Unerkannt durch's Märchenland" were taken from ''? (Fragezeichen)'' (1984). The lead single, "99 Luftballons", is the band's or even Nena's most successful song to date. It reached number one in several countries worldwide, but is considered a one-hit wonder as other singles and albums performed poorly outside of Europe. "Just a Dream" reached number 70 on the UK Singles Chart. "Kino" was initially released on the album in German, but was translated into English titled as "Kino (At the Movies)". Like its predecessor, "? (Question Mark)", the single failed to chart. The song was later included as a bonus track on a re-release of the band's second English album It's All in the Game (1985).

This is a document about 1999 (Prince song)
  "1999" is a song by American musician Prince, the title track from his 1982 album of the same name. Originally peaking at number 44 on the Billboard Hot 100, a December 1982 rerelease later peaked at number 12 in the US, while a January 1985 rerelease, a double A-side with "Little Red Corvette", later peaked at number 2 in the UK. Rolling Stone ranked "1999" number 339 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Following Prince's death, the song re-charted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 41, later moving up to number 27, making it the fourth separate time the song had entered the Hot 100 and the third different decade in which the song re-charted (as after its two 1980s entries, it made the chart again on January 16, 1999 at number 40). As of April 30, 2016, it has sold 727,363 copies in the United States.

This is a document about 99 (song)
  "99" is a song by the American rock band Toto. The song appeared on the Hydra album in 1979. As a single, it reached number 26 on the Billboard charts. In Canada, the song peaked at number 17 on the RPM singles chart.

This is a document about Nena (band)
  Nena was a German Neue Deutsche Welle band. In 1983 and 1984, their German-language song "99 Luftballons" (and its English version, "99 Red Balloons") reached number one in the singles charts of countries around the world.

This is a document about Jim Rakete
  song to DJ Rodney Bingenheimer who later aired the single on Californian rock radio WLIR, taking the song to #2 on US Billboard Hot 100. "Even if in German, people felt what 99 Balloons meant and that was enough… It's like a good picture; it's unforgettable" Rakete later said about the hit single. In 1985 Rakete's management was chosen to produce Band für Afrika, the German counterpart of Band Aid. The resulting single record was written by Herbert Grönemeyer and Wolfgang Niedeken and performed by 27 different German bands and musicians, including Alphaville, BAP, Marius Müller-Westernhagen, Nena, Peter Maffay, Spliff and Udo Lindenberg. Band für

This is a document about Johnny 99 (song)
  "Johnny 99" is a song written and recorded by rock musician Bruce Springsteen, which first appeared on Springsteen's 1982 solo album Nebraska.

This is a document about Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
  player's needs. Each business comes with unique missions which, upon completion, reward the player with various bonuses, as well as an increased income for said business. The player will occasionally have to defend their owned businesses from attacks by gangs looking to take them back, until all businesses in the city have been acquired, at which point the attacks will cease. The standard hidden package system from previous Grand Theft Auto games returns in the form of 99 red balloons scattered around the city. This is a reference to Nena's 1984 hit "99 Luftballons", which was featured in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. Improvements to the graphics since

This is a document about Prince singles discography
 SV Single version differs from the album version. ; RI "1999" and "Little Red Corvette" originally reached #25 and #54 respectively upon their 1983 UK release. Their peak (#2) was as part of a double A-side reissue in early 1985.

This is a document about TopPop
  onto the studio floor. He spent most of the song writhing on the floor without a shirt on, miming his hit single and destroying some plants that had been put on the floor as decoration. For many young viewers in the Netherlands, this was their first encounter with punk rock. Some TopPop-made videos were of such quality, the performing artist chose to use it as their promotional video. Examples are the 1974 sequence of an eye-patched David Bowie miming to "Rebel Rebel", and Nena walking through a wood-cuttery at Crailoo near Hilversum, imagining a post-war devastated area fit for the Cold War atmosphere of her 1983 hit "99 Red Balloons". The famous archive of performances can be viewed online.

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
  The promotional video, which was originally made for the Dutch music programme TopPop and broadcast on 13 March 1983, was shot in a Dutch military training camp, the band performing the song on a stage in front of a backdrop of fires and explosions provided by the Dutch Army. Towards the end of the video, the band are seen taking cover and abandoning the stage, which was unplanned and genuine since they believed the explosive blasts were getting out of control. VH1 Classic, an American cable television station, ran a charity event for Hurricane Katrina relief in 2006. Viewers who made donations were allowed to choose which music videos the station would play. One viewer donated $35,000 for the right to program an entire hour and requested continuous play of "99 Luftballons" and "99 Red Balloons" videos. The station broadcast the videos as requested from 2:00 to 3:00 pm EST on 26 March 2006.

This is a document about 99 Luftballons
  The English version retains the spirit of the original narrative, but many of the lyrics are translated poetically rather than being directly translated: red helium balloons are casually released by the civilian singer (narrator) with her unnamed friend into the sky and are mistakenly registered by a faulty early warning system as enemy contacts, resulting in panic and eventually nuclear war, with the end of the song near-identical to the end of the original German version. From the outset Nena and other members of the band expressed disapproval of the English version of the song, "99 Red Balloons". In March 1984, the band's keyboardist and song co-writer Uwe Fahrenkrog

This is a document about One-hit wonder
  • # What Is Love – Haddaway (1993) • # 99 Red Balloons – Nena (1983) • # Jump Around – House of Pain (1992) • # My Sharona – The Knack (1979) • # We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off – Jermaine Stewart (1986) • # Turning Japanese – The Vapors (1980) • # MMMBop – Hanson (1997) • # In the Year 2525 – Zager & Evans (1969) • # Funkytown – Lipps Inc. (1979) • # A Girl Like You – Edwyn Collins (1994) • # Pass the Dutchie – Musical Youth (1982) • # Rock Me Amadeus – Falco (1985) • # The Hustle – Van McCoy (1975)

This is a document about Nena
  In 1983, the band released its first album Nena, which contained the singles "99 Luftballons" and "Leuchtturm". "99 Luftballons" became a number one hit in West Germany and the Netherlands in 1983 and went on to major international chart success the following year, an English version hitting No.1 in the UK and the original German version hitting No.2 in the US, behind Van Halen's "Jump". In 1984, Casey Kasem's radio show American Top 40 introduced a "mixed" version of the song, "splicing" the German and English versions together. It was also a huge hit in many other countries, it is one of the best-known German rock songs in many parts of the world.

This is a document about Hitechjet
  Hitechjet formed in Autumn 2001 by Paul Bevan (bass), Adam Gardner (guitar), Aydogan Mehmet (guitar) and Micky Wyle (drums). They were joined at the beginning of 2002 by Brian Ayers(vocals) and became Hitechjet after a line from the Nena song 99 Red Balloons. Hitechjet recorded their first demo with John Hannon (Hundred Reasons, Kids Near Water) engineering and producing. The demo contained the songs 'The Score', 'If my best is not enough' and 'All this time'. The demo received positive reviews from fanzines and sparked interest from several record labels interested in releasing their material. Nottingham based label In At the Deep End Records were due to attend their band The Killerest Expression's show in Leeds when Hitechjet were added to the bill. Although this was only their second show, based on their performance that night offered Hitechjet a recording contract.

Nena, a German band, released a hit song in the 1980s called "99 Red Balloons." The English-language version of the song, titled "99 Luftballons," was also a success in the US and other English-speaking countries.


Question: how many seasons of gossip girl are there

Answer: 6

This is a document about Gossip Girl
 cameo as herself (but is not revealed as Gossip Girl). Several former "Gossip Girl" cast members appear in the finale, including Jessica Szohr, who played Vanessa Abrams, and Katie Cassidy, who played Juliet Sharp. Former series regulars Connor Paolo (Eric van der Woodsen) and Taylor Momsen (Jenny Humphrey), each appear also with one line a piece. Season 6 begins with Chuck and Blair who part ways after making a pact that they will unite once they both achieve their individual goals. Chuck goes on his way to try to regain Bass Industries from his father who stole it from him

This is a document about Gossip Girl (EP)
 "Kiss" was composed by SS501's member Park Jung-min. Gossip Girl (EP) Gossip Girl is the debut mini album by the South Korean girl group Rainbow. It was released in November 12, 2009 with the song with same name as title track. DSP Media announced in November 4 they will debut a new 7-members girl group, called "Rainbow". On November 6, they released another teaser image of the girls and revealed their names, ages, respective colors and the name of their debut EP. In the same day, they released a screencap image of the music video for "Gossip Girl". During the

This is a document about Gossip Girl (EP)
 Gossip Girl (EP) Gossip Girl is the debut mini album by the South Korean girl group Rainbow. It was released in November 12, 2009 with the song with same name as title track. DSP Media announced in November 4 they will debut a new 7-members girl group, called "Rainbow". On November 6, they released another teaser image of the girls and revealed their names, ages, respective colors and the name of their debut EP. In the same day, they released a screencap image of the music video for "Gossip Girl". During the debut time, they were called the "second KARA"

This is a document about Rainbow (group)
 Rainbow (group) Rainbow was a South Korean girl group formed in 2009 by DSP Media. The group consisted of seven members: Woori, Seungah, Jaekyung, Noeul, Yoonhye, Jisook and Hyunyoung. They released their debut mini album "Gossip Girl" on November 12, 2009. On October 27, 2016 the group was officially confirmed to disband after all members decided to not renew their contracts. During late October and early November 2009, DSP Media released daily teasers in the form of pictures of Rainbow, and then a music video for "Gossip Girl" on November 6, 2009. On November 12, the five-song EP "Gossip Girl"

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 6)
  The sixth and final season of the American teen drama television series Gossip Girl premiered on The CW on October 8 and concluded on December 17, 2012, consisting of 10 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The CW officially renewed the series for a sixth season on May 11, 2012. The series finale was preceded by a special retrospective, including interviews with the cast and crew.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 2)
  The second season of the American teen drama television series Gossip Girl premiered on The CW on September 1, 2008, and concluded on May 18, 2009, consisting of 25 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)
  Eli Brown, Thomas Doherty, Emily Alyn Lind, Evan Mock, Zión Moreno, and Savannah Lee Smith. It was given a straight-to-series order in July 2019 by HBO Max. Filming takes place in New York City and was originally scheduled to begin in March 2020 before being delayed to November 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Gossip Girl premiered on HBO Max on July 8, to mixed reviews and broke the record for the most-watched HBO Max original series over its launch weekend. The first season consisted of 12 episodes, split into two six-episode parts, with the second half debuting on November 25, 2021. In September 2021, the series was renewed for a second season.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 1)
  The first season of the American teen drama television series Gossip Girl premiered on The CW on September 19, 2007, and concluded on May 19, 2008, consisting of 18 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. It tells the story of Serena van der Woodsen's return to Manhattan's Upper East Side in New York City following her mysterious disappearance to boarding school in Connecticut, while being watched by gossip website Gossip Girl. The first 13 episodes of Gossip Girl aired in the United States on Wednesdays at 9:00 p.m. on The CW,

This is a document about Gossip Girl
  Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick), Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr), Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Ivy Dickens (Kaylee DeFer). The success of Gossip Girl led to many adaptations outside the United States. The show received numerous award nominations and won 18 Teen Choice Awards. The CW officially renewed Gossip Girl for a sixth and final season on May 11, 2012. The final season, consisting of 10 episodes, premiered on October 8, 2012, and ended on December 17, 2012. A sequel series, also titled Gossip Girl and headed by original executive producers Schwartz, Savage and Safran, premiered on July 8, 2021 on HBO Max. While set in the same continuity and retaining Kristen Bell as narrator, this series focuses on a new cast of characters from a different perspective in the same setting—likened to that of a shared universe.

This is a document about Southie Rules
 Gossip Girl

This is a document about Gossip Girl
  Gossip Girl aired on The CW on Mondays. In addition to the television broadcast of the show, episodes of Gossip Girl have also been released on the Internet. In October 2011, The CW signed a deal allowing all Gossip Girl episodes to be streamed on Netflix. The same month, the network signed a deal with Hulu. Both CWTV.com and Hulu streamed episodes for free, but only the five most recent installments were available for viewing. All seasons of Gossip Girl are also available through the iTunes Store and Amazon Video where each episode can be purchased separately or in complete season sets. As of 2012, the series was broadcast in 197 countries. On January 1, 2021, Gossip Girl moved from Netflix to parent company WarnerMedia's streaming service HBO Max.

This is a document about Gossip Girl
  Gossip Girl is known for its product placement. The show had a contract with Verizon Wireless for its first five seasons; all the characters were seen with phones chosen by the brand until the deal ended by the sixth season. During their contract, Verizon Wireless offered exclusive Gossip Girl content and created a website where ringtones of the songs featured on the show could be downloaded. Barbra Robin, The CW's senior vice president of Integrated Marketing, stated: "It was really about showing features on a device. [...] Initially, it was just a wireless phone, but eventually that became a smartphone, a tablet, all

This is a document about Gossip Girl
  The CW's target of Women 18–34, a 1.7 in Adults 18–34 and 1.1 in Adults 18–49. The fourth season ended with 1.36 million viewers. The fifth season premiered with 1.37 million viewers. The fifth season ended with 1.44 million viewers. Despite this, throughout season five, Gossip Girl continued to see a decrease in viewers. Season six premiered to 0.78 million viewers, making it not only the least viewed season premiere for the series, but also the least viewed episode in show's six-year run. The following episode saw a decrease to 0.76 million viewers, which once again marked a new series low in terms of viewers. The series finale was watched by 1.55 million viewers, the highest viewed episode since season four.

This is a document about Gossip Girl
  On May 11, 2012, it was announced Gossip Girl would return for a shortened sixth and final season, which premiered on October 8, 2012. During the CW upfronts, network president Mark Pedowitz said the number of episodes had not yet been decided and could consist of 10 episodes with a retrospective, meaning it would end before Christmas. The season premiered with 0.78 million viewers tuning in, marking a series low for the show. The following week, there was a further drop in viewership, with only 0.76 million viewers, once again breaking the record for series-low ratings. On October 29, 2012, the episode "Portrait of a Lady Alexander" was postponed due to the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Eastern Seaboard. Widespread power outages

This is a document about List of Gossip Girl episodes
  Gossip Girl is a teen drama which premiered on September 19, 2007, in the United States on The CW. Gossip Girl is based on the young-adult book series of the same name written by Cecily von Ziegesar, and was developed for television by The O.C. creators Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The series follows the lives of the young, wealthy, and social elite residing in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, and is narrated by an unseen and seemingly omniscient character, "Gossip Girl", whose blog is widely read among the characters. A total of 121 episodes of Gossip Girl were aired over six seasons, between September 19, 2007, and December 17, 2012.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 3)
  The third season of the American teen drama television series Gossip Girl premiered on The CW on September 14, 2009, and concluded on May 17, 2010, consisting of 22 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The season premiered with 2.55 million viewers and a 1.4 Adults 18-49 rating, up 14% in viewers from its season two finale. Overall, the season attracted an average of 2.02 million viewers tuning in each week, with a 1.1 rating in Adult 18–49.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (2021 TV series)
  Gossip Girl premiered on HBO Max and HBO Go on July 8, 2021. It is scheduled to air its first six episodes weekly, with the second slate of six episodes scheduled to be released starting on November 25, 2021. The first season finale was released on December 2, 2021. In June 2021, it was announced that The CW would broadcast the first episode of the reboot on July 9, the day after it premieres on the streaming service, with the episode available to stream on The CW's online platforms after its broadcast. The series was acquired for the United Kingdom by BBC One and BBC iPlayer, and for Canada by Crave. In Belgium, the series was released on Streamz on July 9, 2021.

This is a document about Cecily von Ziegesar
  Gossip Girl was adapted for television in 2007. The show premiered to mixed reviews and lost more than a million viewers from episode one to two, from 3.65 million to 2.55 million. The rest of the season's viewers went up and down, the highest being 3 million viewers for the season finale and the lowest being 1.80 million viewers for episode eleven. Controversy and criticism surrounding the show surfaced due to the fact that it failed to show much of the books' plots, character personalities, and other major and minor facts, thus disappointing many fans of the novels. However, Ziegesar told ABC News that her major plot lines were there and that "at least it takes place in New York City". In early 2011, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season. On May 16, 2011, Ziegesar herself made a cameo appearance in the fourth season finale.

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 5)
  The fifth season of the American teen drama television series Gossip Girl premiered on The CW on September 26, 2011, and concluded on May 14, 2012, consisting of 24 episodes. Based on the novel series of the same name by Cecily von Ziegesar, the series was developed for television by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage. The CW officially renewed the series for a fifth season on April 26, 2011. It was later announced that Taylor Momsen, who played Jenny Humphrey since the pilot, and Jessica Szohr, who joined the series as Vanessa Abrams in season one, would not be returning for the fifth season as regulars. Kaylee DeFer was upgraded to a series regular status in her roles as Serena's cousin, Charlie Rhodes, and aspiring actress/con artist Ivy Dickens. Hugo Becker also reprises his role as Blair's love interest, Prince Louis Grimaldi of Monaco. With the confirmation of the 2011–12 schedule, The CW announced that Gossip Girl would be returning to Mondays at 8:00pm as a lead-in to Hart of Dixie.

This is a document about Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum
 Gossip Girl (2009) ; Life Unexpected (2010) ; The Vampire Diaries (2010) ; 90210 (2011) ; Dating Rules from My Future Self (2012) ; Franklin & Bash (2012) ; Emily Owens M.D. (2012) ; Star-Crossed (2014) ; Red Band Society (2014) ; The Kicks (2015) ; Mistresses (2015) ; Relationship Status (2016) ; Guilt (2016) ; The Arrangement (2017) ; MacGyver (2017) ; Famous in Love (2017) ; Empire (2017–2018) ; The Exorcist (2017) ; The Resident (2018) ; Hawaii Five-0 (2018) ; All American (2019) ; Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists (2019) ; BH90210 (2019) ; Why Women Kill (2019) ; Spinning Out (2020) ; Dead to Me (2020)


Question: which country 's head visit to pakistan first

Answer: Iran

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
 Iran–Pakistan relations After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status. Pakistan's relations with Iran grew strained at times due to sectarian tensions, as Pakistani Shias claimed that they were being discriminated against under the Pakistani government's Islamisation programme. Iran and Saudi Arabia used Pakistan as a battleground for their proxy sectarian war, and by the 1990s Pakistan's support for the Sunni Taliban organisation in Afghanistan became a problem for Shia Iran, which opposed a Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. Nevertheless, economic and trade relations continued to expand in both absolute and relative terms,

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
 nations, including Pakistan. Iran maintained close relations with Pakistan during much of the Cold War. Iran was the first country to recognise Pakistan as an independent state, and the Shah of Iran was the first head of state to come on a state visit to Pakistan (in March 1950). Since 1947, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, had successfully advocated a policy of fostering cordial relations with Iran in particular and the Muslim world in general. Despite Shia-Sunni divisions, Islamic identity became an important factor in shaping Iranian–Pakistani relations, especially after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In May 1950,

This is a document about Pakistan Air Force Academy
 used to transport personnel and other equipment to the mountain terrain of Northern Areas. In March 1950, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran, who was the first Head of state to visit Pakistan and a flyer himself, visited the academy. After fifty years of Jinnah's visit to the academy, a commemoration was held on 13 April 1997. Among other veterans, Air Marshal Asghar Khan also witnessed the ceremony who was the commandant at the time of the visit. On 13 April 1948, the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, visited Risalpur Flying Training School and raised its level to that of

This is a document about Qaumi Taranah
 works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Ahmed G. Chagla and submitted it for formal approval. On 21 August 1949, the Government of Pakistan adopted Chagla’s tune for the national anthem. The anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band. It was later played for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan during his official visit to the United States on 3

This is a document about Qaumi Taranah
 G. Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri. The NAC encountered early difficulties in finding suitable music and lyrics. When President Sukarno of Indonesia became the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan on 30 January 1950, there was no Pakistani national anthem to be played. In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran added urgency to the matter and resulted in the Government of Pakistan asking the NAC to submit an anthem without further delay. The NAC Chairman, then Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
 Iranian head of government since 1992. It was a high-level delegation, consisting of the Iranian cabinet, members of the Iranian parliament, Iranian Vice-President and President Khatami. This visit was meant to provide a new beginning to Iran–Pakistan relations. It would also allow for high-level discussions on the future of the Iran–Pakistan–India pipeline (IPI) project. Khatami met, and had detailed discussions, with both President Musharraf and the new Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali. Several accords were signed between Iran and Pakistan in this visit. Khatami also delivered a talk on "Dialogue Among Civilizations," at The Institute of Strategic Studies. The presidential

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
 a state visit to Pakistan and met with Pervez Musharraf and his cabinet. During this visit, Iran and Pakistan agreed to put their differences aside and agree on a broad-based government for Afghanistan. Iranian Foreign Minister Kamal Kharazi paid a two-day visit to Islamabad from 29–30 November 2001. Kharazi met with Foreign Minister Abdul Sattar and President Musharraf. Iran and Pakistan vowed to improve their relations, and agreed to help establish a broad-based, multi-ethnic government under U.N. auspices. The President of Iran, Mohammad Khatami, paid a three-day state visit to Pakistan from 23–25 December 2002, the first visit by an

This is a document about Joseph S. Farland
 Farland became United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic in 1957. He was then appointed Ambassador to Panama in 1960 serving in that post until 1963. In 1963 Farland returned to practicing law in Washington, D.C.. Farland later served as United States Ambassador to Pakistan from 1969 to 1972 and then as Ambassador to Iran from 1972 to 1973. During his term as ambassador to Pakistan, Farland arranged for Henry Kissinger to visit China via Pakistan in 1971. Kissinger's clandestine meeting with Chou En-lai paved the way for President Richard Nixon's own visit to China. He was then appointed Ambassador

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
 Shah of Iran. Iran's new Supreme Leader, the Ayatollah Khomeini, withdrew the country from CENTO and ended its association with the United States. The religiously influenced military government of Zia-ul-Haq and the Islamic Revolution in Iran suited one another well, and as such there was no diplomatic and political cleavage between them. In 1979, Pakistan was one of the first countries in the world to recognize the revolutionary regime in Iran. Responding swiftly to this revolutionary change, Foreign Minister of Pakistan Agha Shahi immediately undertook a state visit to Tehran, meeting with his Iranian counterpart Karim Sanjabi on 10 March

This is a document about Ashraf Ghani
 election Ghani wanted to improve relations with Pakistan, which in turn could pave the way for peace talks with the Taliban. He made his first visit to Pakistan on November 14, 2014, meeting Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. However, after many terror attacks in Afghanistan which were largely blamed on Pakistan, and failed Taliban peace talks, Ghani grew increasingly cold to Pakistan. Ghani claimed that Pakistan had hit an "undeclared war of aggression" against Afghanistan. In 2016 he started a "trade war" by increasing entry taxes for Pakistani trucks, and making trade deals with India and Iran. Following two deadly Taliban/Haqqani

This is a document about Pakistan–Philippines relations
  Then-Pakistani Prime Ministers Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (May 1957), Mohammad Khan Junejo (May 1988), and Benazir Bhutto (February 1995) made visits to the Philippines. In July 1962, then-Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal visited Pakistan. In 2005, then-President Pervez Musharraf was the first Pakistani head of state officially to visit the Philippines, hosted by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

This is a document about India–Pakistan relations
  the trade fair. In November 2015, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif agreed to the resumption of bilateral talks; the following month, Modi made a brief, unscheduled visit to Pakistan while en route to India, becoming the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Pakistan since 2004. Despite those efforts, relations between the countries have remained frigid, following repeated acts of cross-border terrorism. According to a 2017 BBC World Service poll, only 5% of Indians view Pakistan's influence positively, with 85% expressing a negative view, while 11% of Pakistanis view India's influence positively, with 62% expressing a negative view.

This is a document about Minar-e-Pakistan
  On February 21, 1999, Indian PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the first Indian leader to visit Minar-e-Pakistan (previous Indian state visits to Pakistan had not visited Lahore). Vajpayee's visit was compared to Nixon's visit to China. Minar-e-Pakistan has served as the location for a number of rallies. The rallies have often caused damage to the surrounding flora, according to the Parks and Horticulture Authority. In 2014, the Punjab government considered banning any political or non-political large gatherings. On 14 August 2021, a young female TikTok influencer was sexually assaulted by a crowd who picked up the woman, tore off her clothes and threw her up in the air. The silence of the large group of spectators present, the absence of security guards at the monument and the delayed police response were criticised and lead to discussions about violence against women in Pakistan

This is a document about Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations
  Farooq Leghari became the first president of Pakistan to visit Azerbaijan in 1995. A year later, Heydar Aliyev visited Islamabad. There were several meetings between Heydar Aliyev and the prime minister of Pakistan – Benazir Bhutto which ended with the signing of 9 agreements, which were diplomatically important. The agreement on defense and military cooperation between countries was concluded in 2002. In the same year, another meeting between President Heydar Aliyev and Pervez Musharraf took place in Istanbul at the summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization. In September 2003, Azerbaijani Prime Minister Ilham Aliyev met with the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf. Both of them discussed international issues. In the summer of 2004,

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
  Imperial Iran maintained close relations with Pakistan during the Cold War, partly owing to their mutual alliance with the United States-led Western Bloc. Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan as an independent state, and Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the first head of any state to come on an official state visit to Pakistan (in March 1950). Since 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, had successfully advocated a policy of fostering cordial relations with the Muslim world and Iran in particular.  In May 1950, a treaty of friendship was signed by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan and Mohammad

This is a document about State visit by Xi Jinping to Pakistan
  Xi was to visit Pakistan in 2014 during his South Asia trip to India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives but postponed it due to political unrest In February 2015, some reports of Xi Jinping's trip to Pakistan to attend the Pakistan Day Parade were came in the backdrop of US President Barack Obama's second visit to India to attend the Republic Day parade of India. Pakistan also set to hold Pakistan Day parade after gap of 7 years since 2008. However, in March 2015, National Security advisor of Pakistan Sartaj Aziz cleared that President Xi may not visit Pakistan day parade but confirmed that he would be making his first state visit to Pakistan within the 'next few months.' Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi also confirmed that Xi Jinping would be making his first state visit to Pakistan soon.

This is a document about Benazir Bhutto
   During her first premiership, Bhutto went on a number of foreign trips, enhancing her image as the first female Prime Minister in the Islamic world. In these, she sought to attract foreign investment and aid for Pakistan. She also made efforts to cultivate good relationships with the leaders of Islamic countries who also had good relationships with her father, including Libya's Gaddafi, Abu Dhabi's Sheikh Zayed, and the Saudi royal family. In 1989, she attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Kuala Lumpur, where Pakistan was re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations. In January 1989, she made a second pilgrimage to Mecca, and in June visited the U.S. to address both houses of Congress and giving the commencement speech at Harvard. As Premier, Bhutto was reluctant to challenge the ISI's support for the Islamist mujahideen forces in Afghanistan which were then

This is a document about 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan
  The Russian foreign minister stated it is unacceptable to violate the sovereignty of a state, even when planning and carrying out counter-insurgent operations. In January 2012, reports emerged that Pakistani foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar was set to leave for Moscow in the first half of February to formally invite Russian president Dmitry Medvedev to pay a state visit to Pakistan. If Medvedev had accepted the invitation, It would have been the first Russian head of state to visit the country. This move was believed to be part of changes in Pakistan's foreign policy which include efforts to open up relations with other regional

This is a document about Iran–Pakistan relations
  In 1995, Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto paid a state visit to Iran to lay the groundwork for a memorandum on energy, and begin work on an energy security agreement between the two countries. This was followed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's visit to Tehran for the 8th OIC Summit Conference on 9–11 December 1997. While there, Sharif held talks with Iranian President Mohammad Khatami, with a view to improving bilateral relations, as well as finding a solution to the crisis in Afghanistan. Chief Executive of Pakistan under a military dictatorship, General Pervez Musharraf paid a two-day visit to Tehran on 8–9 December 1999. This was his first visit to Iran (and third international trip)

This is a document about 2006 in Pakistan
  Iran. March 4, 2006 ; Govt urged to promote sheep farming: The Union of Small and Medium Enterprises (UNISAME) has reiterated its call for setting up sheep breeding farms all over the country to meet protein requirements of the country. ; President Bush and President Musharraf of Pakistan Discuss Strengthened Relationship: US President George W. Bush arrived in Islamabad on Friday night for his first visit to Pakistan. March 5, 2006 ; Agreement on trade security signed: Pakistan has become the first country to receive American equipment for trans-ocean clearance of goods for blocking terror-related shipments from Pakistani export outlets to the United States. March 6, 2006 ;

Iran: The first head of state to visit Pakistan was the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, in March 1950.


Question: who played mr smith in lost in space

Answer: Jonathan Harris

This is a document about Jonathan Harris
 Jonathan Harris Jonathan Harris (born Jonathan Daniel Charasuchin; November 6, 1914 – November 3, 2002) was an American character actor whose career included more than 500 television and movie appearances, as well as voiceovers. Two of his best-known roles were as the timid accountant Bradford Webster in the television version of "The Third Man" and the fussy villain Dr. Zachary Smith of the 1960s science fiction series "Lost in Space". Near the end of his career, he provided voices for the animated features "A Bug's Life" and "Toy Story 2". The second of three children, Harris was born to a

This is a document about The Bill Dana Show
 goodhearted naivete, he saw only the good in the people around him. His biggest problems were his fellow bellhop Eddie (Gary Crosby), who was constantly trying to get Jose to wise up; the less-than-understanding hotel manager Mr. Phillips (Jonathan Harris, who would soon play Dr. Smith on "Lost in Space") and the bumbling hotel detective Byron Glick (Don Adams, in a predecessor to the character he would play on "Get Smart"). In the second season, Maggie Peterson played Susie, a waitress in the hotel's coffee shop. Walter Mitty-like dream sequences were occasionally used to extricate Jose from the hotel environment.

This is a document about Lost in Space
 as a happy crew without internal conflicts. While many storylines in the later series focused primarily on Dr. Zachary Smith, a stowaway and saboteur played by Jonathan Harris, he was absent from the unaired pilot. His character was added after the series was commissioned for production. The pilot episode was first aired on television during a 1997 retrospective. CBS bought the series, turning down "Star Trek" in favor of "Lost in Space". Before the first episode was filmed, the characters Smith and the Robot were added, and the spaceship, originally named "Gemini 12", was renamed the "Jupiter 2" and redesigned.

This is a document about Mark Goddard
 Anspach, brought two children to their marriage. Mark Goddard Mark Goddard (born Charles Harvey Goddard; July 24, 1936) is an American actor who has starred in a number of television programs. He is probably best known for portraying Major Don West, the adversary of Dr. Zachary Smith (played by Jonathan Harris), in the CBS series "Lost in Space" (1965-68). He also played Detective Sgt. Chris Ballard , "The Detectives", starring Robert Taylor. Charles Harvey Goddard was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the youngest of five children, and grew up in Scituate. He was raised Catholic. He led both his high school

This is a document about Mark Goddard
 Mark Goddard Mark Goddard (born Charles Harvey Goddard; July 24, 1936) is an American actor who has starred in a number of television programs. He is probably best known for portraying Major Don West, the adversary of Dr. Zachary Smith (played by Jonathan Harris), in the CBS series "Lost in Space" (1965-68). He also played Detective Sgt. Chris Ballard , "The Detectives", starring Robert Taylor. Charles Harvey Goddard was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, the youngest of five children, and grew up in Scituate. He was raised Catholic. He led both his high school baseball and basketball teams to the state

This is a document about Marta Kristen
 in movies such as "Terminal Island" (1973) and the cult science-fiction film "Battle Beyond the Stars" (1980). She starred in the 1998 television movie "Lost in Space Forever" and had a cameo role in the 1998 movie "Lost in Space". She also appeared in the A&E biography "Jonathan Harris, Never Fear, Smith Is Here" in 2002. Kristen also provided voice work for the 2009 animated theatrical short "The Bolt Who Screwed Christmas" which also included voice work from her "Lost in Space" co-stars Harris, Mumy, and Angela Cartwright. Kristen has a daughter and granddaughter. On a trip to Finland in

This is a document about Santa Lucia
 of "Lost in Space" ("The Ghost Planet", 1966), the Robot (Bob May, voice of Dick Tufeld) sings two verses of "Santa Lucia," accompanied by Will Robinson (Billy Mumy). The Robot's voice suddenly drops off at the end of the second stanza, rousing Dr. Zachary Smith (Jonathan Harris) from his daydreams. "You bubble-headed booby! I was about to land on the isle of Capri; now I'll never get there!" Smith exclaims, berating the Robot. The problem, Will explains, is that the Robot's tapes are wearing out. Dick Tufeld did the actual singing on this sequence, as Billy Mumy played his guitar.

This is a document about Mark Goddard
 played by Elinor Donahue. Goddard's next role was for the three seasons of "Lost in Space" (1965–68), in which he played Major Don West. The original 1965 pilot was much different from the pilot that aired and the episodes that followed in the actual series. A blossoming romance existed between Don West and Judy, the elder daughter of the Robinson family, but it did not extend further than the first season. By the middle of the second season, the show took on a more comic tone. Plots increasingly drew on the mishaps of Dr. Zachary Smith (Jonathan Harris) and his

This is a document about Brian Tochi
  Tochi returned to star in another TV series Space Academy (1977–1979) with veteran actor Jonathan Harris (best remembered as Dr. Smith from Lost in Space). Up until that time, Space Academy was the most expensive Saturday morning television series in broadcast history. His character, Tee Gar Soom, had super-strength and continued the martial arts traditions of his Asian ancestors. During hiatus of the show, Tochi was asked to shoot a 20-minute promotional "behind-the-scenes" visit to the Space Academy for a popular daytime series, Razzmatazz, on CBS. Razzmatazz was a highly regarded news magazine show created by 60 Minutes wizard Don Hewitt and produced by Joel Heller

This is a document about Jonathan Harris
  on Harris' character, Dr. Smith. While the series was still solidly placed in the middle of the ratings pack, the writers appeared to run out of fresh ideas, and the show was unexpectedly cancelled in 1968 after 83 episodes, despite protests from its fans. Harris was succeeded in the role of Dr. Smith by Gary Oldman in the 1998 film version, who played the role as a more genuinely menacing and less likeable character than Harris's on television. For the 2018 reboot of Lost in Space as a Netflix original series, Parker Posey was cast as Dr. Zachary Smith, a female psychopath using a stolen identity to assume the role of the ship's psychologist.

This is a document about Jonathan Harris
  Harris was cast over two other actors for the role of Dr. Zachary Smith, the evil and conniving enemy agent on Lost in Space. The character did not appear in the original 1965 pilot episode for CBS, nor did The Robot. The series was already in production when Harris joined the cast, and starring/co-starring billing had already been contractually assigned. Harris successfully negotiated to receive "Special Guest Star" billing on every episode. Bill Mumy said about Harris' role in his first episode, "It was actually implied that this villainous character that sabotaged the mission and ended up with us was going to be killed off after a while." Mumy added, "Jonathan played him as written,

This is a document about Land of the Giants
  on Lost in Space between Doctor Smith and the young Will Robinson. Also, for main cast billing, Kasznar was treated contractually in the same manner as Jonathan Harris had been on Lost in Space: billed in last place on the opening credit sequence, but billed as Special Guest Star (even though he was a series regular). Apart from this, Gary Conway received solo star billing in the opening credits, with the other regulars all receiving also starring billing. The show was originally intended to premiere as a mid-season replacement in the spring of 1968, and the first 12 episodes were shot in the fall of 1967. This

This is a document about Lost in Space
  In the 1972–1973 television season, ABC produced The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie, a weekly collection of 60-minute animated movies, pilots and specials from various production companies, such as Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and Rankin-Bass. Hanna-Barbera Productions contributed animated work based on such television series as Gidget, Yogi Bear, Tabitha, Oliver Twist, Nanny and the Professor, The Banana Splits, and Lost in Space. The Lost in Space episode aired on September 8, 1973. Dr. Smith (voiced by Jonathan Harris) was the only character from the original program to appear in the special, along with the Robot (who was named Robon and employed in flight control rather than a support activity). The spacecraft was launched vertically by rocket, and Smith was a passenger rather than a saboteur. The pilot for the animated Lost in Space series was not picked up as a series, and only this episode was produced. This cartoon was included in the Blu-ray release of the entire original television series on September 15, 2015.

This is a document about Lost in Space
  During its three-season run, a number of actors made guest appearances: • Michael Ansara • John Carradine • Ted Cassidy • Michael Conrad • Hans Conried • Wally Cox • Royal Dano • Tommy Farrell • Fritz Feld • Kevin Hagen • Alan Hewitt • Sherry Jackson • Arte Johnson • Werner Klemperer • Norman Leavitt • Al Lewis • Strother Martin • Don Matheson • Mercedes McCambridge • Byron Morrow • Warren Oates • Dennis Patrick • Woodrow Parfrey • Michael J. Pollard • Michael Rennie • Kurt Russell • Albert Salmi • Grant Sullivan • Daniel J. Travanti • Lou Wagner • Lyle Waggoner Jonathan Harris, although a permanent cast member, was listed in the opening credits as a "Special Guest Star" in every episode of Lost in Space.

This is a document about Space Academy
  The program starred veteran actor Jonathan Harris, best known as Dr. Zachary Smith of Lost in Space; co-starring were Pamelyn Ferdin, Ric Carrott, Maggie Cooper, Brian Tochi, Ty Henderson, and Eric Greene. The program featured a pint-sized robot called "Peepo", a radio-controlled machine voiced by Erika Scheimer talking through a pitch-shifter with regenerative delay. Guest stars included Lawrence "Larry" Dobkin; Dena Dietrich ("Mother Nature" in the Chiffon margarine TV commercials of the 1960s and 70s); George DiCenzo; Dallas McKennon; and Howard Morris.

This is a document about Lost in Space (2018 TV series)
 AnnaMaria Demara as Tam Roughneck, a mechanic and friend to Don West ; Selma Blair as Jessica Harris, June's wealthy younger sister ; Bill Mumy as Zachary Smith, the real Dr. Smith whose identity June steals. As a child, Mumy portrayed Will Robinson in the original Lost in Space series from 1965 to 1968. ; June Lockhart as June (denoted by subtitles), a radio communications officer on Alpha Centauri (credited as "the Voice of Alpha Control"). June Lockhart portrayed Maureen Robinson in the original Lost in Space series from 1965 to 1968. She also made a cameo as the principal of Will Robinson's school in the 1998 film. ; Angela Cartwright as Sheila Harris, June's mother. As a child, Cartwright portrayed Penny Robinson in the original Lost in Space series from 1965 to 1968. She also made a cameo, as a reporter, in the 1998 film. ; Rob LaBelle as Mr. Jackson, the school teacher aboard the Resolute ; Karen LeBlanc as the chancellor of the Alpha Centauri base

This is a document about Lou Wagner
 Lost in Space (1967, TV Series) as J-5 Season 3 Episode, "The Haunted Lighthouse". ; Planet of the Apes (1968) as Lucius ; Mayberry R.F.D. (1968, TV Series) as Murphy ; Dragnet 1967 (1968-1969, TV Series) as Caretaker / Andy Raynor / John Dietz / Dennis J. Meldon ; Hello Down There (1969) as Marvin Webster ; Airport (1970) as Schuyler Schultz ; Pufnstuf (1970) ; The Virginian (1971, TV Series) as Mr. Hill ; Alias Smith and Jones (1971, TV Series) as Butler ; Nichols (1972, TV Series) as McKeever ; Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972) as Busboy ; Goodnight,

This is a document about Lost in Space
  crash landing on the planet. Jonathan Harris was offered a cameo appearance, not as Smith (performed by actor Gary Oldman in the film), but as the Global Sedition leader who hires, then betrays, Smith. Harris turned down the role, reportedly saying "I play Smith or I don't play." and "I've never played a bit part in my life and I'm not going to start now!". The role of the Sedition leader was eventually performed by actor Edward Fox. Many years later, Harris appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, mentioning the role offered to him: "Yes, they offered me a

This is a document about Takahiro Itō
 Lost in Space (Will Robinson) ; Mentors (Oliver Cates)

This is a document about Mark Goddard
  Goddard's next role was Major Don West on Lost in Space (1965–1968). A blossoming romance initially existed between West and Judy, the elder daughter of the Robinson family, but by the middle of the second season, West maintained an adversarial relationship with the hapless, sociopathic Dr. Zachary Smith. On October 16, 1997, Goddard and the rest of the surviving cast appeared on the inside cover of TV Guide to promote the feature film of Lost in Space. Goddard, along with Harris and the rest of his cast, were planning in 2002 for the movie Lost in Space: The Journey Home to air on NBC, which never came to fruition.

Jonathan Harris played Mr. Smith in "Lost in Space."


Question: where does the term windy city come from

Answer: the World 's Fair

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
 the nickname has endured, long after the Cincinnati rivalry and the Columbian Exposition ended. There are four main possibilities to explain the city's nickname: the weather, as Chicago is near Lake Michigan; the World's Fair; politics; and the rivalry with Cincinnati. While Chicago is widely known as the "Windy City", it is not the windiest city in the United States. Some of the windier cities recorded by the NOAA/NCDC are Dodge City, KS at 13.9 mph (22.3 km/h), Amarillo, Texas at 13.5 mph (21.7 km/h), and Lubbock, Texas at 12.4 mph (20 km/h). Chicago is not significantly windier than any

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
 it came down to New York and Chicago. In 1890, Chicago won the bid to host the World's Fair, also known as the World's Columbian Exposition, after eight ballots. Many prominent New Yorkers were extremely irritated that a "frontier town" could beat them. It is a popular myth that the first person to use the term "Windy City" was The New York Sun editor, Charles Dana. Charles Dana was New York's leading fair booster, but there is little evidence that he ever used the "Windy City" term. The first known attribution of Dana to the origin of "Windy City" was

This is a document about Bariloche
 vary by altitude; in general, the temperature decreases by for every increase in altitude. The weather is characterized by being windy throughout the year; 85% of the days are windy and calm days are rare. Most of the wind predominantly comes from the west-northwest with easterly winds being rare. Normally, the winds are strong, particularly in spring where gusts can exceed . At the city centre, mean annual precipitation is in which there are 122 days with precipitation. In the eastern end where the airport is located, precipitation is lower, averaging . In winter when temperatures are lower, snowfall can

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
  It is a popular myth that the first person to use the term "Windy City" was The New York Sun editor Charles Dana, in a New York Sun article in the 1890s complaining about Chicago's victory in 1890 over New York in its bid to host the World's Fair. However, the term was in common use since at least 1886, while the first known use of it was from 1876. As Chicago did not win the bid to host the World's Fair until 1890, Dana cannot possibly have been the source of the term.

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
  Nineteenth-century journalists frequently referred to Chicago as the windy city because they allegedly believed Chicagoan politicians were nothing but profit-centric. However, it's worth noting the rivalry between Chicago, a growing metropolis in the nineteenth century, and other cities such as New York City, from where most of these journalists came. In other words, the Windy City is not a nickname Chicago gave itself, but rather something that the city has embraced over time.

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
  The city of Chicago has been known by many nicknames, but it is most widely recognized as the "Windy City". The earliest known reference to the "Windy City" was actually to Green Bay in 1856. The first known repeated effort to label Chicago with this nickname is from 1876 and involves Chicago's rivalry with Cincinnati. The popularity of the nickname endures to this day—126 years after the Cincinnati rivalry ended.

This is a document about Chicago River
  The name Chicago derives from 17th century French rendering of a Native American term for ramps (Allium tricoccum), a type of edible wild leek, which grew abundantly near the river. The river, and its region, were named after this plant.

This is a document about Chicago
  The name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the indigenous Miami-Illinois word shikaakwa for a wild relative of the onion; it is known to botanists as Allium tricoccum and known more commonly as "ramps." The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. Henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the eponymous wild "garlic" grew abundantly in the area. According to his diary of late September 1687: "... when we arrived at the said place called "Chicagou" which, according to what we were able to learn of it, has taken this name because of the quantity of garlic which grows in the forests in this region." The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the Windy City, Chi-Town, Second City, and City of the Big Shoulders.

This is a document about List of Chicago placename etymologies
  Source of the place names in the U.S. city of Chicago, Illinois.

This is a document about Climate of Chicago
  Chicago is known as the Windy City. The "Windy City" moniker did not originally refer to Chicago's climate. It is believed to have been created by a New York newspaper writer deriding Chicagoans' bluster as they promoted their city as the site of the 1893 Columbian Exposition. It is also believed to be called the "Windy City" because of politicians in the area blowing hot air. In terms of climate, Chicago is slightly windier than the average American city. Average wind speeds range from 8 mph in summer to 12 mph in spring.

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
  a wail to us from the Windy City." Cincinnati and Chicago were rival cities in the 1860s and 1870s. Cincinnati was well known in the meatpacking trade and it was called "Porkopolis" from at least 1843. Starting from the early 1860s, Chicago surpassed Cincinnati in this trade and proudly claimed the very same "Porkopolis" nickname. The baseball inter-city matches were especially intense. The 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings were the pride of all of baseball, so Chicago came up with a rival team called the White Stockings to defeat them. "Windy City" often appeared in the Cincinnati sporting news of the 1870s and 1880s. Four of the first known citations of "Windy City" are from 1876, all involving Cincinnati:

This is a document about List of nicknames for Chicago
 "Mud City" – possibly the oldest nickname for the city, referring to the fact that the terrain of the city used to be a mud flat ; "Windy City" – origins of this famous moniker for the city are disputed; see Windy City (nickname). ; "Chi-Town" (pronounced Shy-Town) – also used for the hockey teams Chi-Town Shooters and Chi-Town Shamrocks. ; "Second City" – by one possible etymology, this refers to the fact that Chicago had the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States from 1889 to 1984 (Los Angeles is now larger); it can also refer to the rebuilding of the city between the Great Chicago

This is a document about History of Chicago
  At its first appearance in records by explorers, the Chicago area was inhabited by a number of Algonquian peoples, including the Mascouten and Miami. The name "Chicago" is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. Henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called "chicagoua", grew abundantly in the area. According to his diary of late September 1687: "when we arrived at the said place called Chicagou which, according to what we were

This is a document about Tri-Cities, Illinois
  The name, "Tri-City" originated in 1910 with the publication of the first Tri-City Directory: Batavia, Geneva, St. Charles, by the Evans Directory Service of Elgin, Illinois. There were ten editions of the Tri-City Directory published from 1910 to 1943. During this same period, the local telephone directories served all three cities, as well. There are other origin stories. In 2011, Batavia Mayor Jeffery D. Schielke has theorized that the Tri-City moniker originated in the early 20th century from the deviation of the railroad track between Aurora and Elgin to the three cities, which conductors nicknamed the Tri-Cities. Former St. Charles mayor Norris has theorized that the nickname grew in popularity during the 1940s and 1950s, when the area experienced a relative population boom and the boundaries of the cities began to move closer and closer together. Nowadays, the Tri-City area is bonded by retail and industrial corridors on Kirk and Randall Roads, joint policy decisions, area organizations, and the Fox River.

This is a document about History of Chicago
  soon broke out, centered on civic activism and sensationalist reporting of urban political issues and the numerous problems associated with rapid urban growth. Competition was especially fierce between the Chicago Times (Democratic), the Chicago Tribune (Republican), and the Daily News (independent), with the latter becoming the city's most popular paper by the 1880s. The city's boasting lobbyists and politicians earned Chicago the nickname "Windy City" in the New York press. The city adopted the nickname as its own. Polarized attitudes of labor and business in Chicago prompted a strike by workers' lobbying for an eight-hour work day, later named the Haymarket affair. A peaceful demonstration

This is a document about World's Columbian Exposition
 Frederick Jackson Turner lectured on his Frontier thesis. ; The Pledge of Allegiance was first performed at the exposition by a mass of school children lined up in military fashion. ; Contribution to Chicago's nickname, the "Windy City". Some argue that Charles Anderson Dana of the New York Sun coined the term related to the hype of the city's promoters. Other evidence, however, suggests the term was used as early as 1881 in relation to either Chicago's "windbag" politicians or to its weather.

This is a document about History of Chicago
  Chicago has played a central role in American economic, cultural and political history. Since the 1850s Chicago has been one of the dominant metropolises in the Midwestern United States, and has been the largest city in the Midwest since the 1880 census. The area's recorded history begins with the arrival of French explorers, missionaries and fur traders in the late 17th century and their interaction with the local Pottawatomie Native Americans. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable was the first permanent non-indigenous settler in the area, having a house at the mouth of the Chicago River in the late 18th century. There were small settlements and a U.S. Army fort, but the soldiers and settlers were all driven off in 1812. The modern city was incorporated in 1837 by Northern businessmen and grew

This is a document about Windy City (nickname)
  Lea, Minnesota, on November 20, 1892: "Chicago has been called the "windy" city, the term being used metaphorically to make out that Chicagoans were braggarts. The city is losing this reputation, for the reason that as people got used to it they found most of her claims to be backed up by facts. As usual, people go to extremes in this thing also, and one can tell a stranger almost anything about Chicago today and feel that he believes it implicitly. But in another sense Chicago is actually earning the title of the "windy" city. It is one of the effects of the tall buildings which

This is a document about James Thompson (surveyor)
  Chicago appears under various spellings in maps dating from the 17th century and is present in most 18th-century maps of North America. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable was the first non-indigenous permanent resident of the area, settling at the mouth of the Chicago River no later than 1790. The United States government built Fort Dearborn in the area in 1803, and more pioneers settled in the early 19th century, numbering approximately 75 by 1830. Prior to Thompson's survey the word "Chicago", derived from an indigenous word for the wild leeks in the area, was used to refer to several locations in the area, such as the modern Chicago River and the modern Des Plaines River. Thompson's survey defined the geography

This is a document about Geography of Chicago
  Honore Streets.) Chicago, along with New York City and Los Angeles, California are the three most populous cities of the U.S., yet Chicago is only half the other two cities' individual land areas. Chicago's nickname, "The Windy City," actually acquired from a political op-ed piece, fits the city well as its location on Lake Michigan moderates the climate and often provides a breeze. The Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cook county and five surrounding Illinois counties as well as the Chicago–Gary–Kenosha Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which is made up of nine counties, two of them in northwestern Indiana and one in southeastern Wisconsin.

The term "Windy City" is believed to have originated from the nickname given to Chicago by New Yorkers during the 1890s, implying that Chicagoans were perceived as being full of hot air or exaggerating. However, there is no evidence that the nickname was coined by New York Sun editor Charles Dana, as is commonly believed. The term was in use before 1886, and Chicago had already been known as the "Windy City" for at least 12 years before Dana's alleged use of the term. The nickname is not