Question: who plays police inspector javert in the 2012 film les miserables

Answer: Russell Crowe

This is a document about Les Misérables (2012 film)
 Les Misérables (2012 film) Les Misérables is a 2012 musical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and scripted by William Nicholson, Alain Boublil, Claude-Michel Schönberg, and Herbert Kretzmer, based on the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo, which also inspired a 1980 musical by Boublil and Schönberg. The film is a British and American venture distributed by Universal Pictures. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Eddie Redmayne, Amanda Seyfried, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen. The film takes place in France during the early 19th century and

This is a document about Les Misérables (2012 film)
 "Les Misérables" from the screenplay by William Nicholson. Production on the film officially began in June that year, with Cameron Mackintosh and Working Title Films co-producing. Having already approached Hooper prior to production with the desire of playing Jean Valjean, Hugh Jackman began negotiations to star in the film alongside Paul Bettany as Javert. Other stars who became attached to the project included Hathaway and Helena Bonham Carter. In September 2011, Jackman was officially cast as Jean Valjean and Russell Crowe was cast as Javert. The following month, Mackintosh confirmed that Fantine would be played by Hathaway. Before Hathaway was

This is a document about Les Misérables (musical)
 date. The film was given its general US release on Christmas Day 2012. Principal cast members include Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, Eddie Redmayne as Marius Pontmercy, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, and Sacha Baron Cohen and Helena Bonham Carter as the Thénardiers. Other notable actors who played roles in the film include Bertie Carvel as Bamatabois, Colm Wilkinson as the Bishop of Digne and Frances Ruffelle as a prostitute. The following recordings of "Les Misérables" are available in English: the Original London Cast, the

This is a document about Braden Danner
 West End and Broadway productions of "Les Miserables" created the momentum for thousands of subsequent productions of the same musical around the world, including the film version starring Hugh Jackman and Russell Crowe. Danner performed eight shows a week for over a year before leaving "Les Miserables" in early 1988 to create the role of Buddy McGillis in "One Life to Live", for which he was nominated for The Young Artist Award. While performing a lead role on "One Life to Live" for the better part of 1988, Danner worked with actors such as Loyita Chapel, Robert S. Woods, Erika

This is a document about Javert
  In the stage musical of the same name, Javert is a central character. His character, and his role in the plot, is largely unchanged and he remains the primary antagonist. His is considered a bass or baritone role. He wears a standard costume designed to look like a mid-19th century French policeman. He was portrayed by Roger Allam in the Original London Production and Terrence Mann in the original Broadway cast of Les Miserables. Philip Quast played the character in the 10th Anniversary Concert in 1995. He has also been played by notable broadway actor Norm Lewis in the 2010 25th anniversary concert. Russell Crowe played the policeman in the 2012 movie of Les Misérables. Other people who have played the character include Michael Ball, Earl Carpenter, Clive Carter, Anthony Crivello, Hadley Fraser, Shuler Hensley, Brian Stokes Mitchell, Will Swenson, Hayden Tee, David Thaxton, and Chuck Wagner.

This is a document about Les Misérables (2012 film)
  Les Misérables is a 2012 epic period musical film directed by Tom Hooper and scripted by William Nicholson, Alain Boublil, who wrote the original French lyrics, Claude-Michel Schönberg, who wrote the music, and Herbert Kretzmer, who wrote the English lyrics. The film is based on the 1985 West End English translation of the 1980 French musical by Boublil and Schönberg, which itself is adapted from the 1862 French novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. The film is a British and American venture distributed by Universal Pictures. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Eddie Redmayne, Amanda Seyfried, Helena Bonham Carter, and Sacha Baron Cohen. The film

This is a document about Les Misérables (musical)
  Nicholson. In June 2011, Working Title Films and Mackintosh announced that the film would begin principal photography in early 2012 for a tentative December release date. The film was given its general US release on Christmas Day 2012. Principal cast members include Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, Eddie Redmayne as Marius, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, and Sacha Baron Cohen and Helena Bonham Carter as the Thénardiers. Other notable actors who played roles in the film include Bertie Carvel as Bamatabois, Colm Wilkinson, the original Valjean, as the Bishop of Digne, Hadley Fraser as the army general and Frances Ruffelle as a prostitute.

This is a document about Les Misérables (2012 film)
  musical's original co-director Trevor Nunn for his training. He worked extensively with vocal coach Joan Lader, and managed to extend his vocal range, which he originally categorised a high baritone, up to tenor. ; Russell Crowe as Javert, a police inspector dedicating his life to imprisoning Valjean once again. Before being cast as Javert, Crowe was initially dissatisfied with the character. On his way to Europe for a friend's wedding, Crowe came to London and met with producer Cameron Mackintosh. On meeting with Tom Hooper, he told the director about his concerns about playing Javert, and after meeting with him, Crowe was "determined to

This is a document about Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert
  The 10th anniversary concert of Les Misérables is known as the "Dream Cast in Concert" because Mackintosh hand-selected the cast. Colm Wilkinson reprised his role as Valjean after starring in the original West End and Broadway productions. Philip Quast was cast as Inspector Javert after the producers of the show witnessed his performance in a musical production in his hometown in Australia. Wilkinson and Quast are widely recognized as the "Dream Casting" of the idolized roles of Valjean and Javert. Lea Salonga is the only non-Caucasian performer in the main cast. Her participation has been credited by many stage musical enthusiasts of breaking down racial barriers for future castings of the live show. This presentation uses a "modernised" and more heavily orchestrated score than that of the original

This is a document about Mark Paterson (sound engineer)
 Les Misérables (2012)

This is a document about Adaptations of Les Misérables
  Ngọn Cỏ Gió Đùa, Vietnamese Cải lương musical film directed by Pham Van Dai and broadcast on HTV9. Based on Ngọn cỏ gió đùa, Hồ Biểu Chánh's book adaptation of Les Misérables. ; 2011, Les misérables: Tempête sous un crâne, filmed stage play by Jean Bellorini and Camille de la Guillonnière ; 2012, adaptation of the stage musical, directed by Tom Hooper and starring Hugh Jackman as Valjean, Russell Crowe as Javert, Anne Hathaway as Fantine, Samantha Barks as Eponine, Aaron Tveit as Enjolras, Amanda Seyfried as Cosette, Sacha Baron Cohen as Thenardier, Helena Bonham Carter as Mme. Thenardier, Eddie Redmayne as Marius and Colm Wilkinson as the Bishop

This is a document about Les Misérables (British TV series)
 Dominic West as Jean Valjean ; David Oyelowo as Javert ; Lily Collins as Fantine Thibault ; Adeel Akhtar as Monsieur Thénardier ; Johnny Flynn as Felix Tholomyès ; Henry Lloyd-Hughes as Col. Pontmercy ; David Bradley as Monsieur Gillenormand ; Derek Jacobi as Bishop Myriel Ron Cook as Hair and Teeth Dealer ; Alan David as the Scribe ; Kathryn Hunter as Madame Victurnien ; Olivia Colman as Madame Rosalie Thénardier Enzo Cilenti as Rivette Josh O'Connor as Marius Pontmercy ; Raphael Bishop and Woody Norman as young Marius ; Ellie Bamber as Cosette ; Mailow Defoy and Lia Giovanelli as young Cosette ; Erin Kellyman as Éponine Thénardier ; Sienna Barnes and Tiarna Williams as

This is a document about Fra Fee
  From June 2011 to 2012 he played Jean Prouvaire, and covered the roles of Marius and Enjolras in Les Misérables at the Queens Theatre, London. During his time in the West End production, Fee was cast as Courfeyrac in Tom Hooper's film Les Misérables, starring alongside Hugh Jackman as Jean Valjean and Russell Crowe as Javert. From November to December 2012, Fee played Florizel in Howard Goodall's professional world premiere of A Winter's Tale. Fee played Young Buddy in Stephen Sondheim's Follies at the Toulon Opera in March 2013, before playing Robbie in A Man of No Importance for Salisbury Playhouse. On 16 June

This is a document about Michael Ball
  Coming Home to You is Michael Ball's fourth UK number one album, his first solo number one album in the UK since his self-titled debut album in 1992. Talking to the Official Charts Company, he said, "It's the most exciting news! Thank you so much for supporting the album, to the fans who've connected with it and bought it. The hard work has been worth it and this is just the icing on the cake. Amazing!"[3]. It was announced in February 2019 that Ball will star as Inspector Javert opposite Alfie Boe (Jean Valjean) in a staged concert production of Les Misérables. The production will open on 10

This is a document about Javert
  Javert is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Victor Hugo's  1862 novel Les Misérables. He was presumably born in 1780 and died on June 7, 1832. First a prison guard, and then a police inspector, his character is defined by his legalist tendencies and lack of empathy for criminals of all forms. In Les Misérables, he becomes obsessed with the pursuit and punishment of the protagonist Jean Valjean after his violation of parole.

This is a document about Les Misérables: The Staged Concert
  At the end of the final performance, Michael Ball announced that Bradley Jaden would be taking over the role of Javert in the new production. They then sang "Stars" together, as a duet. Next, Alfie Boe, who had performed in the concert, was joined by four other Jean Valjeans to sing "Bring Him Home": John Owen-Jones who shared the role with Boe, Jon Robyns from the new London cast, Dean Chisnall from the 2019 tour, and Killian Donnelly who was in the 2010 concert as well as the 2012 film. After speeches from Cameron Mackintosh and Claude-Michel Schönberg, the performance concluded with the ensemble performing "One Day More".

This is a document about Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack
  Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film soundtrack for the Universal Pictures film Les Misérables, performed by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Amanda Seyfried, Eddie Redmayne, Samantha Barks, Aaron Tveit, Helena Bonham Carter, Sacha Baron Cohen and other artists. It was released on December 21, 2012. The music is written by Claude-Michel Schönberg; the lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer based on the French text by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel.

This is a document about Les Misérables (2012 film)
  involved in the project and play Javert. I think it had something to do with Tom's passion for what he was about to undertake, and he clearly understood the problems and he clearly understood the challenge." On visiting Victor Hugo's home in Paris, Crowe said, "[The house's curator] told me about [19th century detective Eugene Francois] Vidocq, a man who had been both a prisoner and a policeman, the man credited with inventing undercover police work when he established the Brigade de Surete." ; Anne Hathaway as Fantine, the mother of Cosette and a struggling factory worker, who resorts to prostitution to send money

This is a document about Anthony Crivello
  as The Lincoln Center production of Shakespeare's Measure For Measure directed by Mark Lamos. He then appeared in the Broadway musical The News as "the Killer". He was an original Broadway cast member of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg's Les Misérables for directors Trevor Nunn and John Caird and producer Cameron Mackintosh, first as Grantaire, and ten months later taking over the leading role of Javert. (He would later play Grantaire once again in a special tenth-anniversary concert at the Royal Albert Hall.) He continued his prominence in leading roles on Broadway as "Valentin" in the Kander and Ebb Terrence McNally musical Kiss of

This is a document about Cats (2019 film)
  In June 2018, there were reports Anne Hathaway was considered for a role in the film, but she passed due to scheduling conflict. Hugh Jackman was also offered a role by Hooper, but turned it down. In July 2018, Jennifer Hudson, Taylor Swift, James Corden, and Ian McKellen joined the cast. Swift had previously tested for the role of Éponine in Tom Hooper's Les Misérables but was given the part of Bombalurina without an audition. In September 2018, Laurie Davidson and Mette Towley were cast, with Steven Spielberg announced to be executive producing. In October 2018, Idris Elba and Judi Dench joined the cast of the film. Dench

Russell Crowe plays Police Inspector Javert in the 2012 film "Les Misérables."


Question: who used the sherman antitrust act to dissolve the monopoly of the northern securities company

Answer: President Theodore Roosevelt

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
 Northern Securities Company The Northern Securities Company was a short-lived American railroad trust formed in 1901 by E. H. Harriman, James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan and their associates. The company controlled the Northern Pacific Railway; Great Northern Railway; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad; and other associated lines. It was capitalized at $400 million, and Hill served as president. The company was sued in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 by the Justice Department under President Theodore Roosevelt, one of the first anti-trust cases filed against corporate interests instead of labor. The government won its case, and the company

This is a document about United States antitrust law
 during the Progressive Era put passing and enforcing strong antitrust high on their agenda. President Theodore Roosevelt sued 45 companies under the Sherman Act, while William Howard Taft sued 75. In 1902, Roosevelt stopped the formation of the Northern Securities Company, which threatened to monopolize transportation in the Northwest (see "Northern Securities Co. v. United States"). One of the more well known trusts was the Standard Oil Company; John D. Rockefeller in the 1870s and 1880s had used economic threats against competitors and secret rebate deals with railroads to build what was called a monopoly in the oil business, though

This is a document about Hard cases make bad law
 which applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to the securities company, has been described as a reaction to President Theodore Roosevelt's wish to dramatize the issues of monopolies and trusts. The legal scholar Glanville Williams questioned the adage's usage in 1957, writing, "It used to be said that 'hard cases make bad law'—a proposition that our less pedantic age regards as doubtful. What is certain is that cases in which the moral indignation of the judge is aroused frequently make bad law." Bryan A. Garner calls the phrase a cliche; while mentioning Williams's disparagement, he asserts that it remains in frequent

This is a document about Economic history of the United States
 a single industry in 1890 (the Sherman Antitrust Act). These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920, when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909), Democrat President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power. Many of today's U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission. Ida M. Tarbell wrote a series of articles against the Standard Oil monopoly. The series helped pave the way for the breakup of the monopoly. Muckrakers were journalists who encouraged readers to demand

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  The Northern Securities Company was a short-lived American railroad trust formed in 1901 by E. H. Harriman, James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan and their associates. The company controlled the Northern Pacific Railway; Great Northern Railway; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad; and other associated lines. It was capitalized at $400 million, and Hill served as president. The company was sued in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 by the Justice Department under President Theodore Roosevelt, one of the first antitrust cases filed against corporate interests instead of labor. The government won its case, and the company was dissolved, so that the three railroads again

This is a document about History of rail transportation in the United States
  to consolidate the operations of the Northern Pacific with Hill's own Great Northern, but President Theodore Roosevelt, a trust-buster, strongly disapproved and took it to court. In 1904 the federal courts dissolved the Northern Security company (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States) and the railroads had to go their separate, competitive ways. By that time Morgan and Hill had ensured the Northern Pacific was well-organized and able to survive easily on its own. In 1901 the Union Pacific Railroad acquired all of the stock of the Southern Pacific. The federal government charged UP with violating the Sherman Act, and in 1913 the Supreme Court ordered UP to

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  remarked, "Mr. Morgan could not help regarding me as a big rival operator who either intended to ruin all his interests or could be induced to come to an agreement to ruin none." Although Roosevelt still believed that trusts were not always bad for society, he could not bear to feel treated as just another rival operator. The suit continued. The Justice Department won the suit and the company was dissolved according to the 1904 Supreme Court ruling in Northern Securities Co. v. United States case, decided five to four. The companies were convicted under the Sherman Antitrust Act. In the following seven years,

This is a document about History of United States antitrust law
  monopoly ; United States v. American Tobacco Company, 221 U.S. 106 (1911) found to have monopolized the trade. Public officials during the Progressive Era put passing and enforcing strong antitrust high on their agenda. President Theodore Roosevelt sued 45 companies under the Sherman Act, while William Howard Taft sued 75. In 1902, Roosevelt stopped the formation of the Northern Securities Company, which threatened to monopolize transportation in the Northwest (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States). One of the more well known trusts was the Standard Oil Company; John D. Rockefeller in the 1870s and 1880s had used economic threats against competitors and secret rebate deals with railroads to build what was called a monopoly in the oil business, though some minor competitors remained in business. In

This is a document about Northern Securities Co. v. United States
  Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific; Great Northern; and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy companies would later merge in 1969. This is an example of Teddy Roosevelt's trust-busting procedures, prosecuting under the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). This marked a major victory for the antitrust movement.

This is a document about Panic of 1901
  As a result of this crash, Harriman and Hill joined forces to form a holding company, the Northern Securities Company, to control the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Burlington. [Wolff 2003] This company was shortly shut down under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States).

This is a document about Melville Fuller
  New Deal period essentially abrogated Knight. Fuller participated in several other major antitrust cases. In the 1904 case of Northern Securities Co. v. United States, a majority broke up the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company, believing it to be a monopoly. Fuller dissented, joining opinions written by Justices Edward Douglass White and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The dissenters argued that simply holding stock in a company did not count as interstate commerce, and so they would have held that the Sherman Act did not apply to holding companies. The justices were unanimous in Swift & Co. v. United States (1905), which gave the Court's blessing to antitrust enforcement against meat-packing companies.

This is a document about History of United States antitrust law
 Industrial Commission (1898) to investigate railroad pricing, among other things ; United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895) restricting monopoly regulation ; Swift & Co. v. United States, 196 U.S. 375 (1905) the antitrust laws entitled the federal government to regulate monopolies that had a direct impact on commerce ; Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197 (1904) 5 to 4, a railway monopoly, formed through a merger of 3 corporations was ordered to be dissolved. The owner, James Jerome Hill was forced to manage his ownership stake in each independently. ; Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911) Standard Oil was dismantled into geographical entities given its size, and that it was too much of

This is a document about J. P. Morgan
  consolidate the operations of three of the region's most important railways: the Northern Pacific Railway, the Great Northern Railway, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. The consolidators ran into unexpected opposition, however, from President Theodore Roosevelt. An energetic trustbuster, Roosevelt considered the giant merger bad for consumers and a violation of the (until then) seldom-enforced Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. In 1902, Roosevelt ordered his Justice Department to sue to break it up. In 1904 the Supreme Court dissolved the Northern Security company and the railroads had to go their separate, competitive ways. Morgan did not lose money on the project, but his all-powerful political reputation suffered.

This is a document about Henry Flagler
  then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having

This is a document about Theodore Roosevelt
   For his aggressive use of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act, compared to his predecessors, Roosevelt was hailed as the "trust-buster"; but in reality he was more of a trust regulator. Roosevelt viewed big business as a necessary part of the American economy, and sought only to prosecute the "bad trusts" that restrained trade and charged unfair prices. He brought 44 antitrust suits, breaking up the Northern Securities Company, the largest railroad monopoly; and regulating Standard Oil, the largest oil company. Presidents Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, and William McKinley combined had prosecuted only 18 antitrust violations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Bolstered by his party's winning large majorities in the 1902 elections, Roosevelt proposed the creation of

This is a document about Charles Elliott Perkins
  by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific's stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange. Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman, and won control not only of the Northern Pacific but also the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. (Alarmed by Harriman's actions, Hill created a holding company—the Northern Securities Company—to control all three of his railroads. In 1904, in Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, the Supreme Court of the United States held that Northern Securities violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy would

This is a document about Economic history of the United States
  Sherman Antitrust Act). These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920, when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909), Democrat President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power. Many of today's U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission. Ida M. Tarbell wrote a series of articles against the Standard Oil monopoly. The series helped pave the way for the breakup of the monopoly. Muckrakers were journalists who encouraged readers to demand more regulation of business. Upton Sinclair's The

This is a document about Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
  Upon taking office, Roosevelt proposed federal regulations of trusts. As the states had not prevented the growth of what he viewed as harmful trusts, Roosevelt advocated the creation of Cabinet department designed to regulate corporations engaged in interstate commerce. He also favored amending the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which had failed to prevent the consolidation of railroads. In February 1902, the Justice Department announced that it would file an antitrust suit against the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company that had been formed in 1901 by J. P. Morgan, James J. Hill, and E. H. Harriman. As the

This is a document about Northern Securities Co. v. United States
  to counter by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific's stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange. Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman and won control of not only the Northern Pacific but also the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. Pressured by Harriman's actions, Hill created a holding company—the Northern Securities Company—to control all three of the railroads. The public was greatly alarmed by the formation of Northern Securities, which threatened to become the largest company in the world and monopolize railroad traffic in the western United States. President William McKinley, however, was not willing to pursue antitrust litigation against Hill. McKinley was assassinated, however, and his progressive Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered the United States Department of Justice to pursue a case against Northern Securities.

The Northern Securities Company was dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1904. The United States government, specifically the Department of Justice under President Theodore Roosevelt, filed the lawsuit against the company.


Question: film i don want to miss a thing

Answer: Armageddon

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
 I Don't Want to Miss a Thing "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" is a ballad performed by American hard rock band Aerosmith for the 1998 film "Armageddon" which Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler starred in. Written by Diane Warren, the song debuted at number one on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 (the first #1 for the band after 28 years together). It is one of three songs performed by the band for the film, the other two being "What Kind of Love Are You On" and "Sweet Emotion". The song stayed at number one for four weeks from

This is a document about All That Matters (Michael Bolton album)
 Place from the Storm" were disappointing in sales and radio play, and fans were disappointed that the songs were performed only a handful of times during Bolton’s 1998 tour in support of the album. Bolton recorded the pop version of "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" (composed by Diane Warren), for the soundtrack to the film "Armageddon". The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but ultimately lost both to Celine Dion's hit "My Heart Will Go On" from "Titanic". "I Don't Want to Miss

This is a document about Liv Tyler
 where she played the daughter of Bruce Willis' character and love interest of Ben Affleck's character. The film generated mixed reviews, but it was a box office success, earning $553 million worldwide. The movie included the songs "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" and "What Kind of Love Are You On" by Aerosmith. In a 2001 interview with "The Guardian", she said that she initially turned down the role in "Armageddon:" "I really didn't want to do it at first and I turned it down a couple of times, but the biggest reason I changed my mind was because

This is a document about Golden Raspberry Awards
 (Worst Director). Three people won both the Razzies and Oscars the same weekend: Alan Menken in 1993, Brian Helgeland in 1998, and Sandra Bullock in 2010, although all three for different films. Two actors had performances in the same movie scoring Oscar and Razzie nominations, James Coco ("Only When I Laugh") and Amy Irving ("Yentl"). Neil Diamond, winner of the inaugural Worst Actor Razzie for 1980s "The Jazz Singer", was nominated for the Golden Globe in the same role. The Aerosmith song "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", as part of the original soundtrack to the 1998 film "Armageddon",

This is a document about What Kind of Love Are You On
 film, the other being "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". What Kind of Love Are You On "What Kind of Love Are You On" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. The song, originally a track left off the "Nine Lives" album, was included on "" for the 1998 film "Armageddon" starring lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler. The song, was released as a promotional single to rock radio, reaching #4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was written by Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw (both formerly

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
 the original "Pink" appeared as tracks 9 and 11, respectively, on all versions of "Nine Lives". The music video for this song was shot at the Minneapolis Armory in 1998 and was directed by Francis Lawrence. It features the band playing the song intertwined with scenes from the film "Armageddon". It features an appearance by Steven Tyler's daughter Liv, who plays Grace Stamper in the film. Steven Tyler injured his knee the day before the shoot, so they used many close-up shots due to his limited movement. The video begins with shots of the moon in orbit and several asteroids

This is a document about Aerosmith
 when his car caught fire at a gas station. In 1998, in the midst of setbacks during the Nine Lives Tour, the band released the single "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", the love theme, written by Diane Warren for the 1998 film "Armageddon", starring Steven Tyler's daughter Liv. The song became Aerosmith's first and only number 1 single when it debuted at the top position on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and stayed on top of the charts for four weeks. The song was nominated for an Academy Award in 1999. The song helped open Aerosmith up to a

This is a document about Armageddon: The Album
 1999. Armageddon: The Album Armageddon: The Album is the original soundtrack album to the 1998 Touchstone Pictures film "Armageddon", released by Columbia Records and Hollywood Records on June 23, 1998. The album features several songs recorded specifically for the soundtrack, including "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" and "What Kind of Love Are You On", performed by Aerosmith, "Remember Me", performed by Journey, and "Mister Big Time", performed by Jon Bon Jovi. Our Lady Peace's "Starseed" is a remixed version of the original. The album was commercially successful in Japan, and was certified double platinum for 400,000 copies shipped

This is a document about Armageddon: The Album
 Armageddon: The Album Armageddon: The Album is the original soundtrack album to the 1998 Touchstone Pictures film "Armageddon", released by Columbia Records and Hollywood Records on June 23, 1998. The album features several songs recorded specifically for the soundtrack, including "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" and "What Kind of Love Are You On", performed by Aerosmith, "Remember Me", performed by Journey, and "Mister Big Time", performed by Jon Bon Jovi. Our Lady Peace's "Starseed" is a remixed version of the original. The album was commercially successful in Japan, and was certified double platinum for 400,000 copies shipped in

This is a document about Steven Tyler
 had to wear a leg cast while filming the video for "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". The song was the band's first number-one hit and the only song to date by a rock band to debut at number one on the Hot 100. It has since become a slow-dance staple, and at the time introduced Aerosmith and Steven Tyler to yet another new generation. The song was written for the film "Armageddon", which featured Tyler's daughter Liv. In 1999, Tyler and Perry joined Kid Rock and Run–D.M.C. to perform "Walk This Way" at the MTV Video Music Awards.

This is a document about Chantal Kreviazuk
 Mary. The song appeared on the soundtrack to the blockbuster film "Armageddon" and was that album's follow-up single to Aerosmith's "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". The soundtrack album also featured a remix of Our Lady Peace's single "Starseed". The song Leaving on a Jet Plane was also on a trailer for The Terminal, and on TV spots for The Prince and Me and De-Lovely. In 1999, Kreviazuk recorded a cover of the Randy Newman ballad "Feels Like Home" for the "Dawson's Creek" soundtrack, as well as "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days". She also performed a

This is a document about Joe Perry (musician)
 for The Gap with Steven Tyler. The band also released their bestselling tell-all book "". In 1998, Perry helped conceive the group's first number one single, "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", with pop songwriter Diane Warren. It appeared on the soundtrack to the film "Armageddon", in which Tyler's daughter Liv starred. In 1999, the Rock 'n' Roller Coaster Starring Aerosmith opened at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. On September 9, 1999, Perry and Tyler reunited with Run–D.M.C. and were also joined by Kid Rock for a collaborative live performance of "Walk This Way" at the MTV Video

This is a document about 1998 in British music
 Believe" from the soundtrack to "The Prince of Egypt" was a bigger hit in the UK than in the US, making No. 4 here and only making No. 15 on the Hot 100. Aerosmith scored their biggest global hit throughout their career to date: "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", from the soundtrack to "Armageddon", made No. 4 in the UK and entered the US charts at #1. Former Fugees member Lauryn Hill hit No. 3 with her debut solo single "Doo Wap (That Thing)", which topped the charts in the US. Her worldwide hit album, "The Miseducation of

This is a document about Telling the World
 March 18, 2011. The song was given 3 out of 5 stars when reviewed by Digital Spy. Editor Nick Levene claimed: "We'll be honest - we're more than partial to a proper movie theme tune. From R Kelly's Space Jam ballad 'I Believe I Can Fly', to Aerosmith's 'I Don't Want to Miss a Thing' from Armageddon, to the Titanic belter 'My Heart Will Go On' by Celine, they often provide us with a much-needed fix of gut-stirring emotion. Given his recent worldwide success, it only seems fair that Taio Cruz would have a pop at it - in this

This is a document about 3rd Golden Satellite Awards
 Red Line" "' "Saving Private Ryan" – Michael Kahn "' "The Thin Red Line" "' "Shakespeare in Love" "' "Central Station (Central do Brasil)", Brazil "The Thin Red Line" – Hans Zimmer "' "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" performed by Aerosmith – "Armageddon" "' "Gods and Monsters" – Bill Condon "' "Pleasantville" – Gary Ross "' Donald Sutherland – "Without Limits" "' Bill Murray – "Rushmore" "' Kimberly Elise – "Beloved" "' Joan Allen – "Pleasantville" "' "What Dreams May Come" – Ellen Somers The Thin Red Line "' Ernie Hudson – "Oz" "' Drew Carey – "The

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
  "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" is a song performed by American hard rock band Aerosmith for the 1998 sci-fi disaster film Armageddon, in which lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv starred in. It is one of four songs performed by the band for the film, the other three being "What Kind of Love Are You On", "Come Together", and "Sweet Emotion". The power ballad was written by Diane Warren, who originally envisioned it would be performed by "Celine Dion or somebody like that". In the United States, "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" was originally supposed to be a radio-only single from Armageddon: The Album, but due to popular

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing (album)
  I Don't Want to Miss a Thing is a studio album by the American country music artist Mark Chesnutt, released in 1999. His last album for the Decca Records label, I Don't Want to Miss a Thing produced two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including a cover of the Diane Warren song of the same name, which reached Number One on the country charts, becoming the final Number One of his career thus far. The cover was also Chesnutt's biggest crossover, reaching Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. Only one other single was released from the album: "This Heartache Never Sleeps", which reached #17 on the country charts.

This is a document about Don't Want to Miss a Thing
   Don’t Want to Miss a Thing  is the 24th novel by British author Jill Mansell.

This is a document about Professor RJ Ross
 "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" – Sally Kellerman featuring Professor RJ Ross (Sally, February 10, 2009)

"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith for the 1998 film "Armageddon." It was written by Diane Warren and performed by Aerosmith's lead vocalist Steven Tyler. The song debuted at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and stayed at the top for four weeks. It was also the first number one hit for Aerosmith on the Hot 100. The song was performed by Liv Tyler in the film, who played the daughter of Bruce Willis' character


Question: who wrote the national anthem of the philippines

Answer: Julián Felipe

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
 Lupang Hinirang "Lupang Hinirang" (], ; originally "Marcha Nacional Filipina", the "Philippine National March") is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas", written by José Palma in 1899. Originally written it did not have lyrics when it was adopted as the anthem of the revolutionary First Philippine Republic and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Under the American period, the Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the public display of flags, banners, emblems, or devices used by

This is a document about Julián Felipe
 Aguinaldo's home in Kawit, was adopted as the Philippine national anthem on September 5, 1938. Julián Felipe Julián Felipe (January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944), was the composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina", now known as "Lupang Hinirang". Julián Felipe was born in Cavite City. A dedicated music teacher and composer, he was appointed by then-President Emilio Aguinaldo as Director of the National Band of the First Philippine Republic. He died in Commonwealth of the Philippines. He studied at a public school in Cavite and Binondo, Manila for his primary

This is a document about Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
 the anthem for the Tagalog Republic. In 1903, Nakpil reworked his “Marangal na Dalit” as tribute to Jose Rizal under the title “Salve, Patria,” but the only surviving copies of the original score were destroyed in 1945, during the Battle of Manila (1945). The current version was reconstructed by Nakpil from memory when he was in his eighties. When General Emilio Aguinaldo assumed control as President in 1897, the anthem was replaced with "Lupang Hinirang", which was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe. It is still the national anthem of the Philippines, and was legally defined as such in 1998.

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  "Lupang Hinirang" (Chosen Land), originally titled in Spanish as "Marcha Nacional Filipina" (Philippine National March), is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adopted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas", written by José Palma in 1899. The composition known as "Lupang Hinirang" was commissioned on June 5, 1898, by Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines, as a ceremonial and instrumental national march without lyrics, similar to the status of the "Marcha Real" in Spain. It was first performed in public during the proclamation of Philippine independence at Aguinaldo's residence in

This is a document about Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
  Nakpil recalled decades later that even after Bonifacio's death, the song was still being played in Cavite and Laguna as late as 1898. But his piece lost its prior status and Aguinaldo eventually chose the Marcha Nacional Filipina (originally Marcha Filpina Magdalo) by Julian Felipe as the official Philippine national anthem in 1898. Felipe's piece, with added lyrics derived from the Spanish-language poem Filipinas by Jose Palma from 1899, is still the current official national anthem under the title Lupang Hinirang ("Chosen Land").

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  Spanish national anthem; the Grand March from Giuseppe Verdi's Aida; and the French national anthem, La Marseillaise. It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabón (now called the Banda Matanda, from present-day General Trias) during the proclamation rites on June 12. In August 1899, soldier and writer José Palma penned the Spanish poem Filipinas during his stay in Casa Hacienda in Bautista, Pangasinan. The poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper La Independencia on September 3, 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the Marcha Nacional Filipina. The Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  of the Philippines, Commonwealth Act No. 382, approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem. In the years after the revolution, the poem "Filipinas", written in 1899 by nationalist José Palma, gained widespread popularity as unofficial Spanish lyrics of the anthem. The Spanish lyrics were translated into English and, beginning in the 1940s, in the national language. The current Tagalog lyrics, written in 1956, were adopted and made official subject to a slight revision in the 1960s. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act No. 8491 was passed, codifying the 1956 Tagalog lyrics into law.

This is a document about Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite
  from a dressmaker named Victoriana Sayat and they immediately arrested Lapidario, de Ocampo and Aguado. The three were held incommunicado in the boat Ulloa and interrogated. They are presumed to have been tortured. De Ocampo revealed the names of his companions and the thirteen suspects were rounded up on September 3 along with dozens of other Cavite leaders, including the musician Julián Felipe, who would compose the Philippine national anthem the following year. Felipe was incarcerated for nine months at Fort San Felipe. Also subsequently released were Pablo and Marcos José, and Juan Castañeda of Imus, who are also believed to have been

This is a document about Performing arts
  ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya" (English: "The History of Florante and Laura in the Kingdom of Albania") was written by Francisco Balagtas in 1838 during his imprisonment dedicated to his sweetheart Maria Asuncuion Rivera (nicknamed "M.A.R.", referenced to as "Selya"). The poem has a special part entitled "Kay Selya" (English: "For Celia") specially dedicated for Rivera. The Philippine's national hero, José Rizal who is also a novelist, created the two famous poems in the Philippines, Noli Me Tángere (Latin for "Touch me not", with an acute accent added on the final word in accordance with Spanish orthography) (1887) that describes perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government and El Filibusterismo (translations: The filibusterism; The Subversive or The Subversion, as in

This is a document about Andrés Bonifacio
  encamped at Balara, Bonifacio commissioned Julio Nakpil to compose a national anthem. Nakpil produced a hymn called Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan ("Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People"). Eventually, an 1897 power struggle in Cavite led to command of the revolution shifting to Emilio Aguinaldo at the Tejeros Convention, where a new government was formed. Bonifacio was executed after he refused to recognize the new government. The Aguinaldo-headed Philippine Republic (República Filipina), usually considered the "First Philippine Republic", was formally established in 1899, after a succession of revolutionary and dictatorial governments (e.g. the Tejeros government, the Biak-na-Bato Republic) also headed by Aguinaldo.

This is a document about Bukidnon
  The Provincial Hymn was composed by Filomeno Bautista between 1925 and 1932. Nimecio Jun Beltran authored a provincial resolution requiring the singing of the provincial hymn in all and every events in the Province of Bukidnon where the Philippine National Anthem is also sung.

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  Lupang Hinirang was not the first Philippine national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist Julio Nakpil composed the Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honourable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People) upon request of Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan, the secret society that had spearheaded the Revolution. Bonifacio had converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the Republika ng Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted. The term "Katagalugan" in Bonifacio's usage referred to the Philippine Islands and its population as a whole; not just ethnic Tagalogs, but all Filipinos. Nakpil composed his national anthem for Bonifacio in Balara (part of modern Quezon City) in November 1896, and Bonifacio later promoted its use in Cavite, where it was still known as

This is a document about Julián Felipe
  Julián Reyes Felipe (: January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944) was a Filipino composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina", now known as "Lupang Hinirang".

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  of the anthem and other Philippine revolutionary and Katipunan symbols for a short period of time. When it was repealed back in 1919, the Insular Government decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish version to the English version. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned poet Paz Márquez Benítez of the University of the Philippines. The most popular translation, called the Philippine Hymn, was written by Senator Camilo Osías and an American, Mary A. Lane. In the 1920s, the time signature in performance was changed from 2/4 to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the key was changed

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  as 1898. But after Bonifacio's Katipunan and Republika ng Katagalugan were superseded by a succession of various governments led by Aguinaldo starting in 1897, Nakpil's anthem was never officially adopted by them. Some sources assert that an English version of anthem lyrics titled "The Philippine Hymn" was legalized by Commonwealth Act No. 382. The act, however, only concerns itself with the instrumental composition by Julián Felipe. During World War II, Felipe Padilla de Leon composed the Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned as a replacement anthem by the Japanese-controlled Second Philippine Republic. It was later adapted during the martial law era under President Ferdinand Marcos into the patriotic song entitled  Hymn of the New Society, not to be confused with the March of the New Society.

This is a document about Bayan Ko
  "Bayan Ko" (usually translated as "My Country"; Nuestra patria) is one of the most recognizable patriotic songs of the Philippines. It was written in Spanish by the Revolutionary general José Alejandrino in light of the Philippine–American War and subsequent American occupation, and translated into Tagalog some three decades later by the poet José Corazón de Jesús. The song, which is a kundiman, is often considered the unofficial second national anthem of the Philippines, and is sometimes sung by Overseas Filipinos groups after the Lupang Hinirang or by itself. It is sometimes assumed to be a folk music because of its popularity, and due to the nature of its lyrics it has been used as a protest song by different political groups at various points in Philippine history.

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  the original C major to G. However, this change was not codified into law. The anthem was played alongside the United States anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, which was adopted in 1931. It was played alongside each other until the country's eventual independence in 1946. Tagalog translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled Diwa ng Bayan (Spirit of the Country), which was sung during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. The second most popular one was O Sintang Lupa (O Beloved Land) by Julián Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in 1948.

This is a document about Máximo Inocencio
  Máximo Inocencio joined the Katipunan and continued to support political causes including the Propaganda Movement abroad. In the Revolution of 1896, he offered his house as a hiding place for Gen. Aguinaldo. The latter used Inocencio's mansion as his headquarters before transferring to Bacoor on July 4, 1898. It was here that Julián Felipe was asked by Aguinaldo to compose a march that would become the Philippine national anthem. Bearing the Hong Kong-made Filipino flag, Aguinaldo left La Casa Grande shortly after lunch on June 12, 1898 and headed to Kawit to proclaim Philippine Independence from the central window of his ancestral home. The Spanish government began its crackdown on suspected revolutionaries when a seamstress told the governor's wife of her suspicion that Severino Lapidario,

This is a document about Julián Felipe
  Aguinaldo asked him to provide a stirring composition to be played in the historic proclamation of the Philippine independence. His composition Marcha Nacional Filipina was first played as incidental music on June 12, 1898 in Aguinaldo's home in Kawit. It was adopted as the Philippine national anthem on September 5, 1938 by the Commonwealth Government

The national anthem of the Philippines, "Lupang Hinirang," was written by Julián Felipe in 1899. The music was composed by Julián Felipe as well, and the lyrics were adapted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas" by José Palma.


Question: the stage in action potential that immediately follows depolarization is known as

Answer: the refractory period

This is a document about Refractory period (physiology)
 the amount of time it takes for an excitable membrane to be ready for a second stimulus once it returns to its resting state following an excitation. It most commonly refers to electrically excitable muscle cells or neurons. Absolute refractory period corresponds to depolarization and repolarization, whereas relative refractory period corresponds to hyperpolarization. After initiation of an action potential, the refractory period is defined two ways: The absolute refractory period coincides with nearly the entire duration of the action potential. In neurons, it is caused by the inactivation of the Na channels that originally opened to depolarize the membrane. These

This is a document about Action potential
 merely alter its timing. In some cases, the regulation of frequency can be more complex, leading to patterns of action potentials, such as bursting. The course of the action potential can be divided into five parts: the rising phase, the peak phase, the falling phase, the undershoot phase, and the refractory period. During the rising phase the membrane potential depolarizes (becomes more positive). The point at which depolarization stops is called the peak phase. At this stage, the membrane potential reaches a maximum. Subsequent to this, there is a falling phase. During this stage the membrane potential becomes more negative,

This is a document about T wave
 potential. This repolarization occurs quickly enough that another action potential can cause depolarization, even before the last action potential has dissipated. The cardiac muscle differs in that there are more calcium channels that counteract the potassium channels. While potassium quickly flows out of the cell, calcium slowly flows into the cell. This causes the repolarization to occur more slowly, making the refractory period as long as the action potential, preventing sustained contractions. The T wave is representative of the repolarization of the membrane. In an EKG reading, the T wave is notable because it must be present before the next

This is a document about Ajmaline
 sodium channel blocker, therefore making it take longer for the membrane to depolarize in the first case. In both cases, ajmaline causes the action potential to become longer. Slower depolarization or repolarization results in a lengthened QT interval (the refractory period), and therefore makes it take more time for the membrane potential to get below the threshold level so the action potential can be re-fired. Even if another stimulus is present, action potential cannot occur again until after complete repolarization. Ajmaline causes action potentials to be prolonged, therefore slowing down firing of the conducting myocytes which ultimately slows the beating

This is a document about Budiodarone
 atrial ablation or antiarrhythmic drugs to decrease electrical re-entry and therefore fibrillation. Budiodarone holds much promise as an antiarrhythmic drug to prevent fibrillation. As a drug that spans over many of antiarrhythmic drug classes, the electrophysiological activity of budiodarone includes: Through inhibiting potassium channels, budiodarone causes a decreased efflux of potassium out of the myocyte during the refractory period of its action potential, increasing the time it takes to reach the resting membrane potential. Through blocking sodium channels, budiodarone causes a decrease in sodium influx into myocytes during the depolarization period of its action potential. Through blocking calcium channels, budiodarone

This is a document about Action potential
  The course of the action potential can be divided into five parts: the rising phase, the peak phase, the falling phase, the undershoot phase, and the refractory period. During the rising phase the membrane potential depolarizes (becomes more positive). The point at which depolarization stops is called the peak phase. At this stage, the membrane potential reaches a maximum. Subsequent to this, there is a falling phase. During this stage the membrane potential becomes more negative, returning towards resting potential. The undershoot, or afterhyperpolarization, phase is the period during which the membrane potential temporarily becomes more negatively charged than when at rest (hyperpolarized). Finally, the time during which a subsequent action potential is impossible or difficult to fire is called the refractory period, which may

This is a document about Afterhyperpolarization
   Afterhyperpolarization, or AHP, is the hyperpolarizing phase of a neuron's action potential where the cell's membrane potential falls below the normal resting potential. This is also commonly referred to as an action potential's undershoot phase. AHPs have been segregated into "fast", "medium", and "slow" components that appear to have distinct ionic mechanisms and durations. While fast and medium AHPs can be generated by single action potentials, slow AHPs generally develop only during trains of multiple action potentials. During single action potentials, transient depolarization of the membrane opens more voltage-gated K+ channels than are open in the resting state, many of which do not close immediately when the membrane returns to its

This is a document about Repolarization
  usually takes several milliseconds. Repolarization is a stage of an action potential in which the cell experiences a decrease of voltage due to the efflux of potassium (K+) ions along its electrochemical gradient. This phase occurs after the cell reaches its highest voltage from depolarization. After repolarization, the cell hyperpolarizes as it reaches resting membrane potential (−70 mV){in neuron −70 mV}. Sodium (Na+) and potassium ions inside and outside the cell are moved by a sodium potassium pump, ensuring that electrochemical equilibrium remains unreached to allow the cell to maintain a state of resting membrane potential. In the graph of an action potential, the hyper-polarization section looks like a downward dip that goes lower than the line of

This is a document about Refractory period (physiology)
  The refractory period in a neuron occurs after an action potential and generally lasts one millisecond. An action potential consists of three phases. Phase one is depolarization. During depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, increasing the neuron's membrane conductance for sodium ions and depolarizing the cell's membrane potential (from typically -70 mV toward a positive potential). In other words, the membrane is made less negative. After the potential reaches the activation threshold (-55 mV), the depolarization is actively driven by the neuron and overshoots the equilibrium potential of an activated membrane (+30 mV). Phase two is repolarization. During repolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels inactivate (different from the closed state) due to the now-depolarized membrane, and voltage-gated potassium channels activate (open). Both the inactivation of the sodium ion channels and the

This is a document about Hyperpolarization (biology)
 1) During the afterhyperpolarization period after an action potential, the membrane potential is more negative than when the cell is at the resting potential. In the figure to the right, this undershoot occurs at approximately 3 to 4 milliseconds (ms) on the time scale. The afterhyperpolarization is the time when the membrane potential is hyperpolarized relative to the resting potential. ; 2) During the rising phase of an action potential, the membrane potential changes from negative to positive, a depolarization. In the figure, the rising phase is from approximately 1 to 2 ms on the graph. During the rising phase, once the membrane potential becomes positive, the membrane potential continues to depolarize (overshoot) until the peak of the action potential is reached at about +40 millivolts (mV). After the peak of the action potential, a hyperpolarization repolarizes the membrane potential to its resting value, first by making it less positive, until 0 mV is reached, and then by continuing to make it more negative. This repolarization occurs in the figure from approximately 2 to 3 ms on the time scale.

This is a document about Afterdepolarization
  Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) occur with abnormal depolarization during phase 2 or phase 3, and are caused by an increase in the frequency of abortive action potentials before normal repolarization is completed. Phase 2 may be interrupted due to augmented opening of calcium channels, while phase 3 interruptions are due to the opening of sodium channels. Early afterdepolarizations can result in torsades de pointes, tachycardia, and other arrhythmias. EADs can be potentiated by hypokalemia and drugs that prolong the QT interval, including class Ia and III antiarrhythmic agents. Afterhyperpolarizations can also occur in cortical pyramidal neurons. There, they typically follow an action potential and are mediated by voltage gated sodium or chloride channels. This phenomenon requires potassium channels to close quickly to limit repolarization. It is responsible for the difference between regular spiking and intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons.

This is a document about Ventricular fibrillation
  Triggered activity can occur due to the presence of afterdepolarisations. These are depolarising oscillations in the membrane voltage induced by preceding action potentials. These can occur before or after full repolarisation of the fiber and as such are termed either early (EADs) or delayed afterdepolarisations (DADs). All afterdepolarisations may not reach threshold potential, but, if they do, they can trigger another afterdepolarisation, and thus self-perpetuate.

This is a document about Long QT syndrome
  of afterdepolarisations. Early afterdepolarisations, occurring before the cell has fully repolarised, are particularly likely to be seen when action potentials are prolonged, and arise due to reactivation of calcium and sodium channels that would normally switch off until the next heartbeat is due. Under the right conditions, reactivation of these currents, facilitated by the sodium-calcium exchanger, can cause further depolarisation of the cell. The early afterdepolarisations triggering arrhythmias in long QT syndrome tend to arise from the Purkinje fibres of the cardiac conduction system. Early afterdepolarisations may occur as single events, but may occur repeatedly leading to multiple rapid activations of the cell. Some

This is a document about End-plate potential
  Once the membrane potential reaches threshold, an action potential occurs and causes a sharp spike in membrane polarity. There are five phases of an action potential: threshold, depolarization, peak, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. Threshold is when the summation of MEPPs reaches a certain potential and induces the opening of the voltage-gated ion channels. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the membrane potential to reach a positive charge. The potassium ion channels are slower-acting than the sodium ion channels and so as the membrane potential starts to peak, the potassium ion channels open and causes an outflux of potassium to counteract the influx of sodium. At the peak, the outflux of potassium equals the influx of sodium, and the membrane does not change polarity. During repolarization, the sodium channels begin to become inactivated, causing a net efflux of potassium ions. This causes the membrane potential to drop down to its

This is a document about Afterdepolarization
  Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Afterdepolarizations may lead to cardiac arrhythmias.

This is a document about Cardiac physiology
  components of their action potentials are virtually identical. In both cases, when stimulated by an action potential, voltage-gated channels rapidly open, beginning the positive-feedback mechanism of depolarization. This rapid influx of positively charged ions raises the membrane potential to approximately +30 mV, at which point the sodium channels close. The rapid depolarization period typically lasts 3–5 ms. Depolarization is followed by the plateau phase, in which membrane potential declines relatively slowly. This is due in large part to the opening of the slow Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ to enter the cell while few K+ channels are open, allowing K+ to exit the cell. The relatively long plateau phase lasts approximately 175 ms. Once the membrane potential

This is a document about Cellular neuroscience
   The Hodgkin–Huxley model of an action potential in the squid giant axon has been the basis for much of the current understanding of the ionic bases of action potentials. Briefly, the model states that the generation of an action potential is determined by two ions: Na+ and K+. An action potential can be divided into several sequential phases: threshold, rising phase, falling phase, undershoot phase, and recovery. Following several local graded depolarizations of the membrane potential, the threshold of excitation is reached, voltage-gated sodium channels are activated, which leads to an influx of Na+ ions. As Na+ ions enter the cell, the membrane potential is

This is a document about Cardiac action potential
  at the more positive membrane potentials means that the Kir can also aid the final stages of repolarisation. The voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are activated by depolarization. The currents produced by these channels include the transient out potassium current Ito1. This current has two components. Both components activate rapidly, but Ito,fast inactivates more rapidly than Ito, slow. These currents contribute to the early repolarization phase (phase 1) of the action potential. Another form of voltage-gated potassium channels are the delayed rectifier potassium channels. These channels carry potassium currents which are responsible for the plateau phase of the action potential, and are named based on the speed at which they activate: slowly activating IKs, rapidly activating IKr and ultra-rapidly activating IKur.

This is a document about Sodium channel
  the channels, and causing the voltage across the neuronal membrane to increase to +30 mV in human neurons. Because the voltage across the membrane is initially negative, as its voltage increases to and past zero (from −70 mV at rest to a maximum of +30 mV), it is said to depolarize. This increase in voltage constitutes the rising phase of an action potential. At the peak of the action potential, when enough Na+ has entered the neuron and the membrane's potential has become high enough, the Na+ channels inactivate themselves by closing their inactivation gates. The inactivation gate can be thought of as a "plug" tethered to domains III and IV of the channel's intracellular alpha subunit. Closure of the inactivation gate causes Na+

This is a document about Sinoatrial node
  are the 3 phases of a sinoatrial node action potential. In the cardiac action potential, there are 5 phases (labelled 0-4), however pacemaker action potentials do not have an obvious phase 1 or 2. Phase 4 This phase is also known as the pacemaker potential. Immediately following repolarization, when the membrane potential is very negative (it is hyperpolarised), the voltage slowly begins to increase. This is initially due to the closing of potassium channels, which reduces the flow of potassium ions (Ik) out of the cell (see phase 2, below). Hyperpolarization also causes activation of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels. The

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is called the repolarization phase.


Question: who set fire to rick restaurant in desperate housewives

Answer: Porter and Preston

This is a document about Hello, Little Girl
 Lynette that he missed her so much, and that makes Lynette uncomfortable so she barges into the investigation room. Lynette lies to the police that she saw Tom leave the ball momentarily, providing him with an alibi. After the police's investigation, Lynette and Tom argue when she still does not believe Tom. Tom reveals that he did not trust her with Rick, even though Lynette assured him that nothing happened between them. Later that night, Lynette finds out that Porter and Preston are the ones who set Rick's restaurant on fire, as the twins worried that Rick may try to

This is a document about List of Desperate Housewives characters
  quit, but Rick says he will not leave unless Lynette fires him, because "she doesn't want him gone". Later, Rick tells Lynette he has feelings for her, and that it is obvious she has feelings for him. This enrages Lynette and she fires him, pretending it did not affect her, but she is later seen sobbing in her bathroom, distraught over the loss of Rick. He returns in season four, informing Lynette and Tom that he is opening a restaurant around the corner from Scavo's. It is shown that Rick still has feelings for Lynette. The restaurant steals customers from the Pizzeria until it is burned down by Porter and Preston due to a fear of Rick separating their parents, and under Kayla's suggestion.

This is a document about Hello, Little Girl
  an investigation about the fire. While waiting for Tom being questioned by the police, Rick expresses to Lynette that he missed her so much, and that makes Lynette uncomfortable so she barges into the investigation room. Lynette lies to the police that she saw Tom leave the ball momentarily, providing him with an alibi. After the police's investigation, Lynette and Tom argue when she still does not believe Tom. Tom reveals that he did not trust her with Rick, even though Lynette assured him that nothing happened between them. Later that night, Lynette finds out that Porter and Preston are the ones who set Rick's restaurant on fire, as the twins worried that

This is a document about Opening Doors (Desperate Housewives)
  Gabrielle and agrees to stay longer. It turns out that Ellie is actually a drug dealer and there are significant amounts of drugs in her drawer. The twins, Preston and Porter are made to do chores as punishment for setting fire to Rick's restaurant. Tom suggests they take the boys to therapy, which Lynette is against. One morning, Lynette overhears the twin's conversation. They hinted that it was actually someone else's idea that they set the fire, and then at Lynette's command confess that this "someone else" was Kayla. She then confronts Kayla about the incident. Kayla says that the boys wanted to hurt Rick with

This is a document about Adam Newman
  set fire to another building to avoid Sharon being implicated for the fire at the ranch. The arsonist burned down a restaurant owned by Chelsea's father. Chelsea became insecure and bitter towards Sharon, and was enraged at Adam for breaking the law to save Sharon. Chelsea warned Sharon to stay away from Adam; Sharon told her that Adam would never love Chelsea the way he loves her. Luke Kerr of Zap2It said that Chelsea was "out of her league" and the storyline was "fun". Egan said: "I love working with Michael Muhney. I heard about him because my mom had watched Y&R

This is a document about Isn't It Romantic? (1948 film)
  Rick of being a swindler. On the night of the second engagement party, before the Major has time to react, Rick has left town with the money. Candy has left a note saying she has eloped with Rick. The party is once again interrupted as Ben and Horace go after the train on which Rick and Candy are traveling. Ben and Horace manage to stop the train by starting a fire on the tracks. They discover Candy and Rick together, arguing as Candy tries to take back the stolen money. Ben knocks Rick unconscious, and the three return home with the money leaving Rick behind. They manage to get back before word gets out that the Major was swindled.

This is a document about Snake Eyes (1998 film)
  fire. Cornered by the police and a news crew with no way out, Kevin commits suicide in view of the live news feed. Rick is later hailed as a hero, but the press soon uncovers his corruption and he loses his job and family. Before reporting for his prison term, Rick meets Julia on the boardwalk. She thanks him for his help, as Powell is completely restructuring his company and scrapping the AirGuard. Rick promises to call when he gets out in twelve to eighteen months. Ultimately, Serena's ruby ring is seen embedded in one of the concrete pillars of the new Powell Millennium Arena.

This is a document about Coletti
 Rick Coletti, a character on the American television series Desperate Housewives

This is a document about Gabriel Stokes (The Walking Dead)
  it being overrun, he is forced on a supply run to the food bank with Rick, Michonne, Bob, and Sasha. During the run, he panics when he recognizes one of the walkers in the flooded basement, and is nearly killed before Rick saves him. Rick makes it immediately clear that he does not trust Gabriel, although Carl believes that Rick is being too tough on the priest. Rick's suspicions increase when Gabriel admits to having "sinned" in the past, and Carl discovers scratch marks on the outside of the church's walls, along with the phrase "You'll burn for this" scratched into the wood. In the

This is a document about Tell It to the Frogs
  becomes bitter. When Shane witnesses Ed Peletier (Adam Minarovich) striking his wife Carol (Melissa McBride) for not focusing on the laundry for the group, he takes his anger out on Ed severely and threatens to kill him if he ever touches any of the women in the group again. Meanwhile, Rick's group arrives back to the department store in Atlanta and make their way up to the rooftop, finding Merle apparently gone. However, they find a hacksaw sitting beside Merle's severed right hand within bloody handcuffs hanging from a pipe; Daryl goes into a fit of rage and screams as the others look on helplessly.

This is a document about Deanna Monroe
  of Aiden's mix tapes in remembrance of him. Carol leaves the family a casserole, but Deanna does not take it and only burns the note that was included. Rick goes over to her where she is standing by her son's grave and tells her that he is sorry for her loss. He brings up that Jessie is being domestically abused by her husband Pete. Deanna reveals that she knew about this and "hoped that it would get better". Rick wants to know why nothing has been done to stop Pete. Deanna informs him that this is because Pete is a doctor, and therefore valuable, and

This is a document about Trial by Fire (2018 film)
  On December 23, 1991, Cameron Todd Willingham awakes to find his house ablaze. Despite his best-efforts, Willingham is unable to save the lives of his three daughters. At his trial, the prosecution, Rick Perry, reveals the fire had been caused deliberately with gasoline spread in the shape of a pentagram and the refrigerator moved to block the door. Witnesses continue to take the stand and portray him as a violent individual. Willingham's former cellmate, Johnny Webb then takes the stand and declares Willingham told him the fire had been set deliberately. Despite impassioned pleas of Willingham's innocence by both himself and his wife Stacy, Willingham is sentenced to death. During his time on death row,

This is a document about Lean Mean Thirteen
  around Trenton, Stephanie stumbles onto the bodies of two of Dickie's three partners, both of whom have been killed with a flamethrower. Both of the buildings in which the bodies are found have been rigged with bombs, forcing Stephanie and Ranger to make a hasty exit before they explode. Joyce, convinced that Stephanie knows where Dickie or the $40 million is, follows her around, inveigling herself into a family dinner at the Plum home, and even saves her from a musclebound thug trying to kidnap her. When she drops by Morelli's house to borrow some DVDs for Lula, Stephanie finds Dickie, alive

This is a document about Fire and Nice
  Following the fire, the entire Suarez family is living at Betty's apartment. Everyone, except Betty, believes that they are responsible for the fire. Justin tells Marc that he had been smoking to impress a girl, Hilda thinks Bobby and his family set the fire after she mentioned that she would like the insurance money and Ignacio tells Amanda that he wired the chandelier himself despite being told not to. At MODE, Betty tries to pitch an idea for a Lady Gaga article to Wilhelmina, but it goes wrong when she finds her dessert has leaked onto her laptop keyboard and Justin has replaced her file with a video of himself singing Bad Romance. This causes Wilhelmina

This is a document about List of Twin Peaks characters
  a known hooligan. Although Bobby doesn't quite tread on the right side of the law, he is at least kind to Shelly, unlike Leo. The risk of the affair is great; Bobby deals drugs for Leo and knows just how dangerous Leo is. Leo eventually finds out, and sexually assaults, then tries to kill Shelly by tying her up inside the Packard Saw Mill and setting it on fire. However Catherine Martell, who was also meant to die in the fire, reluctantly frees Shelly and helps her escape. Catherine, however, vanishes. During the show's second season, Leo lapses into a catatonic state after being shot by Hank Jennings. Shelly is forced to quit her job at the Double R Diner to

This is a document about Nebraska (The Walking Dead)
  and is overturned. In the town, Rick and Glenn find Hershel alone in a tavern, drinking and lamenting the loss of his family members. Rick eventually convinces Hershel to return, but as they are about to leave, two suspicious men from Philadelphia enter the bar—Dave (Michael Raymond-James) and Tony (Aaron Munoz). They reveal that Rick's goal of Fort Benning may be overrun and try to goad where the group's farm is, looking for a safe haven. Suspicious of their behavior, Rick refuses to disclose the farm's location. The two men try to kill Rick, who kills both of them in self-defense. The episode ends with the remaining group burning the rest of the walkers.

This is a document about Lady Audley's Secret
  which is run by Luke Marks. During the night, Lucy forces Luke's wife Phoebe to let her into the inn and Lucy sets the place on fire, with the intention of killing Robert. However, Robert survives and returns to Audley Court and again confronts Lucy. This time, she says she is insane and confesses her life's story to Robert and Sir Michael, claiming that George abandoned her originally and she had no choice but to abandon her old life and child to find another, wealthier husband. Sir Michael is unhappy and leaves with Alicia to travel through Europe. Robert invites a Dr. Mosgrave to

This is a document about Alma Gutierrez
  Gutierrez submits a story about a fire in a row house and is embarrassed in front of the whole newsroom by her editor Gus Haynes and copy editor Jay Spry, who take her to task over her use of the word evacuate. Gutierrez is also assigned by Haynes to get a reaction quote from drug dealer Ricardo "Fat-Face Rick" Hendrix after the editor notices a lucrative real estate deal between Hendrix and the city council. Gutierrez is sent to Hendrix's strip club Desperado and comes back with a strong quote. She receives a contributing line in the story for her efforts. Her colleague Scott Templeton is disparaging about the credit she received and the credentials of the paper as a whole but Gutierrez remains upbeat. Gutierrez usually covers the police beat and is excited when she reports on a home invasion and triple homicide.

This is a document about Janice Battersby
  Dorgu). Janice pleads with her to give up her work, but Leanne initially refuses as it is too lucrative. Eventually she admits that she can not continue and moves in with Janice. Janice and Roger reconcile, and Roger gives Leanne a loan for the restaurant she plans to open but his lack of money means he struggles to pay his rent, so he moves in with Janice. Leanne's restaurant burns down in April 2008. A few weeks later, Paul tells the police he and Leanne set the place on fire for insurance money. Janice is furious with Leanne for lying to her. In September

Porter and Preston set fire to Rick's restaurant in "Desperate Housewives."


Question: where do i go to get a patent

Answer: national or regional patent offices

This is a document about Patent
 third parties then own the patents and have the same rights to prevent others from exploiting the claimed inventions, as if they had originally made the inventions themselves. The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by national laws, and also by international treaties, where those treaties have been given effect in national laws. Patents are granted by national or regional patent offices. A given patent is therefore only useful for protecting an invention in the country in which that patent is granted. In other words, patent law is territorial in nature. When a patent application is published, the invention

This is a document about George M. Murray (scientist)
 US Patent Office

This is a document about Patent application
  National applications are generally filed at a national patent office, such as the United Kingdom Patent Office, to obtain a patent in the country of that office. The application may either be filed directly at that office, or may result from a regional application or from an international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), once it enters the national phase.

This is a document about South African patent system
  in foreign countries. The same applies to a patentee, who wants to commercialize an invention and who does not want to infringe someone else’s patent. A search should then be conducted at the South African Patent Office. An online search system is currently available at http://patentsearch.cipc.co.za, though the range of searchable fields is somewhat limited compared to other national patent search systems, and, as of the present writing (26 July 2013), the document retrieval system only returns empty documents. Searches can also be carried out by hand at the Patent Office through a card-based system; however, electronic patent searches may be performed on a contract basis on proprietary systems such as the Electronic Patent Journal (EPJ).

This is a document about Doherty amplifier
 − US Patent

This is a document about United States Patent and Trademark Office
   The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that issues patents to inventors and businesses for their inventions, and trademark registration for product and intellectual property identification. The USPTO is "unique among federal agencies because it operates solely on fees collected by its users, and not on taxpayer dollars". Its "operating structure is like a business in that it receives requests for services—applications for patents and trademark registrations—and charges fees projected to cover the cost of performing the services [it] provide[s]". The USPTO is based in Alexandria, Virginia, after a 2005 move from the Crystal City area of neighboring Arlington, Virginia. The offices under Patents and the Chief Information Officer that remained just outside the southern end of Crystal City

This is a document about Patent application
  A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for an invention described in the patent specification and a set of one or more claims stated in a formal document, including necessary official forms and related correspondence. It is the combination of the document and its processing within the administrative and legal framework of the patent office. To obtain the grant of a patent, a person, either legal or natural, must file an application at a patent office with the jurisdiction to grant a patent in the geographic area over which coverage is

This is a document about Software patent
  A patent is a set of exclusionary rights granted by a state to a patent holder for a limited period of time, usually 20 years. These rights are granted to patent applicants in exchange for their disclosure of the inventions. Once a patent is granted in a given country, no person may make, use, sell or import/export the claimed invention in that country without the permission of the patent holder. Permission, where granted, is typically in the form of a license which conditions are set by the patent owner: it may be free or in return for a royalty payment or lump sum fee. Patents are territorial in nature. To obtain a patent, inventors must file patent applications in each and every country

This is a document about Government-granted monopoly
  A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state or national government to an inventor or his/her assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. The procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patentee, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements. Typically, however, a patent application must include one or more claims defining the invention which must be new, inventive, and useful or industrially applicable. In many countries, certain subject areas are excluded from patents, such as business methods and mental acts. The exclusive right granted to a patentee in most countries is the right to prevent others from making, using, selling, or distributing the patented invention without permission.

This is a document about Patent application
   The process of obtaining the grant of a patent begins with the preparation of a specification describing the invention. That specification is filed at a patent office for examination and ultimately a patent for the invention described in the application is either granted or refused.

This is a document about Software patent
  which they want a patent. For example, separate applications must be filed in Japan, China, the United States and India if the applicant wishes to obtain patents in those countries. However, some regional offices exist, such as the European Patent Office (EPO), which act as supranational bodies with the power to grant patents which can then be brought into effect in the member states, and an international procedure also exists for filing a single international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), which can then give rise to patent protection in most countries. These different countries and regional offices have different standards for granting patents. This is particularly true of software or computer-implemented inventions, especially where the software is implementing a business method.

This is a document about Industrial property
  Patents, also referred to as patents for invention, are the most widespread means of protecting technical inventions. The patent system is designed to contribute to the promotion of innovation and the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of inventors, users of inventions and the general public. Once a patent is granted by a state or by a regional office acting for several states, the owner of a patent has the right to prevent anyone else from commercially exploiting the invention for a limited period, generally 20 years. The patent applicant must disclose the invention in order to obtain protection, and their rights can be enforced only within the territory in which the patent was granted.

This is a document about Patent
  The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by national laws, and also by international treaties, where those treaties have been given effect in national laws. Patents are granted by national or regional patent offices. A given patent is therefore only useful for protecting an invention in the country in which that patent is granted. In other words, patent law is territorial in nature. When a patent application is published, the invention disclosed in the application becomes prior art and enters the public domain (if not protected by other patents) in countries where a patent applicant does not seek protection,

This is a document about United States patent law
  Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting of a patented technology without the consent of the patent-holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent. United States patent law is codified in Title 35 of the United States Code, and authorized by the U.S. Constitution,

This is a document about Patent
  dependent on public policy, if it goes against public policy, it will not be patentable. An example of this is patent a man-modified higher life-form, such as a mouse as seen in Harvard College v. Canada. Additionally, patentable materials must be novel, useful, and a non-obvious inventive step. A patent is requested by filing a written application at the relevant patent office. The person or company filing the application is referred to as "the applicant". The applicant may be the inventor or its assignee. The application contains a description of how to make and use the invention that must provide sufficient

This is a document about Google Patents
  Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.

This is a document about Prior art
 Espacenet—European Patent Office public patent literature database, with patents from many patent offices. ; Google Patents—public search engine from Google that indexes patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and other international patent offices, and machine-CPC-classified non-patent literature from Google Scholar. The Internet Archive Wayback Machine is recognized by the USPTO as a valid source of prior art on the Internet, though generally the date of archiving is considered the first published date, rather than the date on any documents that have been archived. For other patent search services, see .

This is a document about Google Patents
  of granted patents and published patent applications from each database (which belong to the public domain). US patent documents date back to 1790, EPO and WIPO to 1978. Optical character recognition (OCR) has been performed on the older US patents to make them searchable, and Google Translate has been used on all non-English patents to make the English translations searchable. Google Patents also indexes documents from Google Scholar and Google Books, and has machine-classified them with Cooperative Patent Classification codes for searching. Patent litigation information is also available in Google Patents through a partnership with Darts-ip, a global patent litigation database.

This is a document about Institute for Information Industry
 Technology Transfer ; Patents

This is a document about Patent Act
 Patent Act

To get a patent, you typically need to file an application at a national patent office, such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) or the South African Patent Office. You can also file through the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system. The specific process and requirements may vary depending on the country and the type of patent you are seeking.