Question: how many schools have won a national championship in football

Answer: 7

This is a document about College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
 crown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won five or more national titles: Alabama, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, USC, Miami (FL), Nebraska, and Ohio State. The years listed in the table below indicate a national championship selection by the AP or

This is a document about Valdosta State Blazers
 II National Football Championship beating the Ferris State Bulldogs 49-47. The Blazers also won the 2012 NCAA Division II National Football Championship beating Winston-Salem State University 35-7. VSU won the 2007 national championship by defeating Northwest Missouri State University 25-20. The Blazers also won the 2004 national championship with a 36–31 win over Pittsburg State University. The Blazers lost to Grand Valley State University 31-24 in the 2002 NCAA Division II national championship. The Blazers also have won 7 Gulf South Conference football championships (1996, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2010, 2018). Two notable alumni are Jessie Tuggle, National Football League

This is a document about Poudre High School
 many schools from coastal states, besting its previous third-place finish in 2004. Poudre High School also competes in the Trout Bowl Regional Competition. The Science Olympiad team has placed at the national level. They conduct research and participate in self-study programs in order to prepare themselves for the competition. Poudre High School won the State Football Championship in 1970. In 1994 the PHS Girls Cross County Team Won the USA National AAU Championship. They placed 1-2-5-7 and 11th. for a score of 26 point. The Race was held in Hammond, Indiana. In 2004, the Poudre High School boys' soccer team

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season
 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season The 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision level, began on September 1, 2011 and concluded with the National Championship Game of the NCAA Division I Football Championship on January 7, 2012 at Pizza Hut Park in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State University won their first FCS championship, defeating Sam Houston State by a final score of 17–6. In addition to UTSA, three other schools began transitions to the FBS. They

This is a document about Marian University (Indiana)
 programs in the nation. In the 2009-10 seasons, Marian University won both USA Cycling’s Collegiate Track National Championships in 2009 and USA Cycling’s Collegiate Road Championship title in 2010. The cycling team has won a total of 37 national championship titles in the track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, and road disciplines. Marian began a football program in 2007 under head coach Ted Karras Jr.. Since then, the Knights have won two NAIA national championships. In 2012, in only their 6th year of play, the Knights won their first NAIA football championship. In 2014, the #7 Marian University Knights became the NAIA

This is a document about College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
  The following table contains the national championships that have been recognized by the final AP or Coaches Poll. Originally both the AP and Coaches poll champions were crowned after the regular season, but since 1968 and 1974, respectively, both polls crown their champions after the bowl games are completed. The BCS champion was automatically awarded the Coaches Poll championship. Of the current 120+ Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, formerly Division I-A) schools, only 30 have won at least a share of a national title by the AP or Coaches poll. Of these 30 teams, only 19 teams have won multiple titles. Of the 19 teams, only 7 have won

This is a document about Alabama Crimson Tide football
  national championships from pre-1936 because there was no contemporary or nationally recognized authoritative source before that year. The University of Alabama 2009 Official Football Media Guide says Alabama had 12 national championships prior to winning the 2010 BCS National Championship Game. The 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017, and 2020 titles bring the total number of national championships claimed by Alabama to 18. Thirteen of Alabama's national championships were awarded by the wire-services (AP, Coaches' Poll) or by winning the BCS National Championship Game. In January 2013, CNN suggested that Alabama might be college football's new dynasty, and in May 2013, Athlon Sports ranked Alabama's ongoing dynasty as the fourth-best since 1934, behind Oklahoma (1948–58), Miami (1986–92), and Nebraska (1993–97).

This is a document about Ivy League
  teams' non-league games are often against the members of the Patriot League, which have similar academic standards and athletic scholarship policies (although unlike the Ivies, the Patriot League allows both redshirting and play by eligible graduate students). In the time before recruiting for college sports became dominated by those offering athletic scholarships and lowered academic standards for athletes, the Ivy League was successful in many sports relative to other universities in the country. In particular, Princeton won 26 recognized national championships in college football (last in 1935), and Yale won 18 (last in 1927). Both of these totals are considerably

This is a document about Harvard Crimson football
  Harvard has won 12 national championships (1874, 1875, 1890, 1898, 1899, 1901, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1919, 1920) from NCAA-designated major selectors. Harvard claims seven of these college football national championships. Bold indicates claimed championship

This is a document about Auburn Tigers
 Men's ; Football (2)a: 1957, 2010 ; Women's ; Equestrian (6): 2006, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019 see also ; List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships Auburn has won eight national championships that were not bestowed by the NCAA. In the case of football, the NCAA does not recognize a national champion in Auburn's division. a Auburn's 1913, 1983, and 1993 football (Auburn was disqualified from post-season play in 1993 and did not play in a bowl game) championship selections by "major selectors" are not recognized by the school.

This is a document about List of Pittsburgh Panthers football seasons
  in eight additional years at least one selector of national championships has declared Pitt as its national champion. Combined with the Sports Illustrated study, Pitt has been recognized as the national champion by at least one selector in 17 different seasons. According to the Official NCAA Division 1 Football Records Book, Pitt has been named a national champion by a "Major Selector" in 12 separate seasons. Note: The table lists all known national championship selections for the University of Pittsburgh. The list of national championship selecting organizations choosing Pitt for any particular year is not necessarily comprehensive. For more information see College Football Data Warehouse Total National Championships Additional notations include the following: The following table summarizes the source and totals for Pitt's national championship seasons.

This is a document about Texas Longhorns football
  game appearances (55), fourth in bowl game victories (29), most Southwest Conference football championships (27), and most Cotton Bowl Classic appearances and victories. Other NCAA records include 108 winning seasons out of 122 total seasons, 24 seasons with 10 or more wins, 9 undefeated seasons, and 26 seasons with at most one loss or tie. From 1936 to 2012, the Longhorns football teams have been in the AP or coaches' rankings 66 out of 76 seasons (86.8% of the time), finishing those seasons ranked in the top twenty-five 48 times and the top ten 28 times. Texas claims four Division I-A national championships (1963, 1969, 1970 and 2005) and 32 conference championships (3 Big 12 Conference, 27

This is a document about University of Southern California
   In men's sports, USC has won 97 team national championships (84 NCAA titles) – more than any other school – and male athletes have won a record 303 individual NCAA titles. The Trojans have won 26 championships in track and field, 21 in tennis, 12 in baseball, 9 in swimming and diving, 9 in water polo, 6 in volleyball, 2 in indoor track and field, and 1 in gymnastics. USC's men's basketball has appeared in the NCAA tournament 15 times, and made 2 NCAA Final Four appearances. The USC football program has historically ranked among the best in Division I FBS. The Trojans football team has won 11 national championships. Seven players have won the Heisman Trophy, although the school claims six, after alleged violations involving Reggie Bush. , 537 Trojans have been taken in the NFL draft, making it the school with the most NFL draft picks. For the 2015 season, USC football was ranked 1st overall in recruiting by Rivals.com, with 4 five-star commits, 17 four-star commits, and 5 three-star commits.

This is a document about List of Atlantic Coast Conference national championships
  The list of ACC national champions begins in the Atlantic Coast Conference's first full academic year of competition in 1953 and totals 153 NCAA team national championships and 8 FBS national championships in football. ACC members won a total of five national championships in the 2020–21 school year—in fencing (Notre Dame), field hockey (North Carolina), men's lacrosse (Virginia), women's lacrosse (Boston College) and in women's swimming and diving (Virginia). Listed below are all championship teams of NCAA sponsored events, as well as the titles won in football, which is not an official NCAA-sanctioned championship. Up to 1982, teams representing member schools also claimed five Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women championships.

This is a document about University of Southern California
   The USC Trojans participate in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference and have won 123 total team national championships, 97 for men and 26 for women, including non-NCAA championships. Of this total, 80 and 14 are NCAA National Championships for men and women, respectively. The NCAA does not include college football championships in its calculation. Although there are multiple organizations that name national championships, USC claims 11 football championships. The men's 361 Individual Championships are the second-best in the nation and 53 ahead of third place, Texas Longhorns. USC's cross-town rival is the University of California, Los

This is a document about Oklahoma Sooners
  1985, and 2000 seasons featuring the top team in the Associated Press final poll, and the 2000 Bowl Championship Series National Championship as well. This number is 3rd only to the Alabama Crimson Tide (12) and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish (8) for the most AP titles of any Division I college football team after the end of World War II (which is commonly used as the division between eras in college football). In addition to these seven acknowledged national championships there are also ten additional years in which the NCAA's official record book lists other selections (mostly by math rating systems) of the Sooners as national champions, with the first four years in retrospect:

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship
  The first Division I Championship tournament held in 1971 replaced the USILA and Wingate Memorial Trophy national title awards. As of 2021, 50 NCAA tournaments have been held (not held in 2020). In that span eleven teams — Johns Hopkins, Syracuse, Princeton, North Carolina, Virginia, Cornell, Duke, Maryland, Loyola University (Maryland), Denver and Yale — have won the national title, with Syracuse leading with ten titles (plus one vacated by the NCAA). In all, 41 teams have participated in the NCAA tournament since its inception. Only seven unseeded teams — the 1988 Cornell Big Red, the 1991 Towson Tigers, the 2006 Massachusetts

This is a document about Southeastern Conference
 Arkansas – 46 ; LSU – 45 ; Florida – 38 ; Georgia – 29 ; Tennessee – 17 ; Auburn – 14 ; Kentucky – 13 ; Texas A&M – 12 ; Alabama – 10 ; Vanderbilt – 5 ; South Carolina – 4 ; Missouri – 2 ; Mississippi State – 1 ; Ole Miss – 1 The following totals include national team tournament championships sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) from 1906 to the present and the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) from 1972 to 1982. The NCAA did not sponsor tournament championships in women's sports before the 1981–82 academic year, and the NCAA has never sponsored a national championship playoff or tournament in major college football. To date, the fourteen members of the SEC have won 216 NCAA and four AIAW championships, including:

Based on the provided information, 19 schools have won a national championship in football, either in the NCAA Division I FBS or Division II.


Question: who originated the role of dolly levi on broadway

Answer: Carol Channing

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
 closed on December 27, 1970, after 2,844 performances. Carol Channing starred as Dolly, with a supporting cast that included David Burns as Horace, Charles Nelson Reilly as Cornelius, Eileen Brennan as Irene, Jerry Dodge as Barnaby, Sondra Lee as Minnie Fay, Alice Playten as Ermengarde, and Igors Gavon as Ambrose. Although facing competition from "Funny Girl" with Barbra Streisand, "Hello, Dolly!" swept the Tony Awards that year, winning awards in ten categories (out of eleven nominations) that tied the musical with the previous record keeper "South Pacific", a record that remained unbroken for 37 years until "The Producers" won twelve

This is a document about Danny Lockin
 replaced Jerry Dodge in the role of Barnaby Tucker in "Hello, Dolly!" in the winter of 1965, and went across the United States on six traveling productions with several actresses playing Dolly Levi, including Betty Grable, Ginger Rogers, Eve Arden, Dorothy Lamour and Anne Russell. He remained in the role for the movie version of "Hello, Dolly!", and when filming for that ended, continued the role in the Broadway version of "Hello, Dolly!", where he worked with both Ethel Merman and Phyllis Diller until it closed on December 27, 1970. He had mixed feelings about Carol Channing as Dolly, about

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (song)
 Hello, Dolly! (song) "Hello, Dolly!" is the title song of the popular 1964 musical of the same name. Louis Armstrong's version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. The music and lyrics were written by Jerry Herman, who also wrote the scores for many other popular musicals including "Mame" and "La Cage aux Folles". "Hello, Dolly!" was first sung by Carol Channing, who starred as Dolly Gallagher Levi in the original 1964 Broadway cast. In December 1963, at the behest of his manager, Louis Armstrong made a demonstration recording of "Hello, Dolly!" for the song's publisher to

This is a document about The Matchmaker
 Joseph Anthony, starred Shirley Booth as Dolly, Anthony Perkins as Cornelius, Shirley MacLaine as Irene, Paul Ford as Vandergelder, and Robert Morse reprising his Broadway role as Barnaby. In 1964, the play enjoyed yet another incarnation when David Merrick, who had produced the 1955 Broadway production, mounted a hugely successful, Tony Award-winning musical version entitled "Hello, Dolly!", with a score by Jerry Herman and starring Carol Channing. A film version of "Hello, Dolly!" was released in 1969 starring Barbra Streisand in the lead role. The 1981 Tom Stoppard farce "On the Razzle" is also based on the same story. The

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
 of the same name starring Shirley Booth. The story of a meddlesome widow who strives to bring romance to several couples and herself in a big city restaurant also features prominently in the 1891 hit musical "A Trip to Chinatown". The role of Dolly Gallagher Levi in the musical was originally written for Ethel Merman, but Merman turned it down, as did Mary Martin (although each eventually played it). Merrick then auditioned Nancy Walker. Eventually, he hired Carol Channing, who then created in Dolly her signature role. Director Gower Champion was not the producer's first choice, as Hal Prince and

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
 back surgery. Creel returned to the role on May 8, 2018. Before Fontana's temporary engagement, understudy Christian Dante White played the role of Cornelius. The production closed on August 25, 2018, with Midler and Hyde Pierce returning to play Dolly and Horace (respectively) from July 17, 2018 to closing. Opening night reviews of the original production were generally positive, and Carol Channing's performance as Dolly Gallagher Levi was greatly acclaimed; however, some reviewers criticized the score and the libretto, implying that Channing's performance was responsible for the efficacy of the show. In his review of the opening night performance, "The

This is a document about Danny Lockin
 whom he once said: "Carol Channing is rather disconcerting. You'll notice her looking at you with those big baby-stare eyes. Then eventually it dawns on you that the person behind those eyes is, in show business terms, about 200 years old." He also later expressed unhappiness with the way audiences reacted to Merman in the role of Dolly Levi, and how this changed the show. "She wasn't Dolly up there, she was Ethel Merman in Dolly clothes. ... The audiences came, of course; they came to see the Ethel Merman version. But it wasn't "Hello, Dolly!" any more, it was

This is a document about Carole Cook
 productions of "42nd Street" and "Romantic Comedy" and was the second actress (after Carol Channing) to star as Dolly Levi in "Hello, Dolly!" She played Mrs. Peacham in the 1956 off-Broadway production of "The Three Penny Opera", starring Lotte Lenya. Cook is a longtime supporter of various AIDS organizations and regularly appears as a featured performer in the annual Los Angeles S.T.A.G.E. benefit. With her actor husband, Tom Troupe, Cook received the 2002 Theatre Ovation Award for Lifetime Career Achievement, the first husband and wife to be so honored. Cook received the Distinguished Alumni Award from Baylor University, the S.T.A.G.E.

This is a document about Jay Garner (actor)
 the role of the priggish anti-homosexual politician Eduord Dindon in "La Cage Aux Folles" and had the lead role in "Red, Hot and Maddox". He played Benjamin Franklin in the musical hit "1776", a role he reprised on tour and in various stock productions. In 1986 he took over the role of Sir John Tremayne from Tony winner George S. Irving in the original Broadway staging of "Me and My Girl". His last Broadway performance was Horace Vandergelder in the 1994 revival of "Hello, Dolly!" with Carol Channing. Television audiences know him as Admiral Asimov in the second season of

This is a document about Leonard Crofoot
 Leonard Crofoot Leonard John Crofoot (born September 20, 1948 in Utica, New York) is an actor, singer, dancer, writer and choreographer. Crofoot has performed extensively on Broadway. His appearances include his Drama-Logue Critics Award-winning role of "Tom Thumb" in "Barnum" (1980) and in the original Broadway shows "The Happy Time" (1968), "Come Summer" (1969), "Grind" (1985) and "Gigi" (1973) and as replacement in "American Dance Machine" (1978). Crofoot toured with Carol Channing in "Hello, Dolly!" (1978) in the role of "Barnaby" and played the role of "Benjamin" in "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" in its American debut at the

This is a document about Dolly Gallagher Levi
  Dolly Gallagher Levi is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1938 play The Merchant of Yonkers and its multiple adaptations, the most notable being the 1964 musical Hello Dolly! Levi's main profession is matchmaking in Yonkers, New York. She also begins a romantic involvement with businessman, Horace Vandergelder, when she sends his niece on a date with a local town boy.

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
 Dolly: Pearl Bailey (November 12, 1967), Thelma Carpenter, Ethel Merman (March 28, 1970), Phyllis Diller (December 26, 1969), Bibi Osterwald (November 6, 1967), Betty Grable (June 12, 1967), Martha Raye (February 27, 1967), Ginger Rogers (August 9, 1965) ; Horace: Cab Calloway (November 12, 1967), Richard Deacon, Max Showalter (March 13, 1967) ; Cornelius: Will Mackenzie, Russell Nype (March 28, 1970) ; Barnaby: Danny Lockin (Barnaby from the 1969 film) ; Irene: Ernestine Jackson ; Minnie: Georgia Engel (December 26, 1969), Leland Palmer (June 30, 1967) ; Ernestina: Mabel King (November 12, 1967) Dolly: Bernadette Peters ; Dolly: Donna Murphy (alternate at certain performances only) ; Horace: Victor Garber <ref name ; Cornelius: Santino Fontana ; Barnaby: Charlie Stemp ; Ernestina: Alli Mauzey Broadway 1964  Broadway 2017

This is a document about Danny Lockin
  the St. Louis Municipal Opera. He replaced Jerry Dodge in the role of Barnaby Tucker in Hello, Dolly! in the winter of 1965, and went across the United States on six traveling productions with several actresses playing Dolly Levi, including Betty Grable, Ginger Rogers, Eve Arden, Dorothy Lamour and Anne Russell. He remained in the role for the movie version of Hello, Dolly!, and when filming for that ended, continued the role in the Broadway version of Hello, Dolly!, where he worked with both Ethel Merman and Phyllis Diller until it closed on December 27, 1970. He had mixed feelings about Carol Channing as Dolly, about whom he once said: "Carol Channing is rather disconcerting.

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
  of eleven nominations) that tied the musical with the previous record keeper South Pacific, record that remained unbroken for 37 years until The Producers won twelve Tonys in 2001. After Channing left the show, Merrick employed prominent actresses to play Dolly, including Ginger Rogers, who started on August 9, 1965; Martha Raye, starting on February 27, 1967; Betty Grable, from June 12, 1967, to November 5, 1967; Pearl Bailey (in an all-black version) starting on November 12, 1967; Phyllis Diller, as of December 26, 1969; and Ethel Merman (after having turned down the lead at the show's inception) from March

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (film)
 Barbra Streisand as Dolly Levi ; Walter Matthau as Horace Vandergelder ; Michael Crawford as Cornelius Hackl ; Marianne McAndrew as Irene Molloy ; E. J. Peaker as Minnie Fay ; Danny Lockin as Barnaby Tucker ; Joyce Ames as Ermengarde Vandergelder ; Tommy Tune as Ambrose Kemper ; Judy Knaiz as Gussie Granger; Ernestina Semple ; David Hurst as Rudolph Reisenweber ; Fritz Feld as Fritz, German waiter ; Richard Collier as Joe, Vandergelder's barber ; J. Pat O'Malley as Policeman in park ; Louis Armstrong as Orchestra leader ; Scatman Crothers as Porter (uncredited) ; Tucker Smith (uncredited) as Dancer ; Jennifer Gan (uncredited) as Miss Bolivia

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
  Opening night reviews of the original production were generally positive, and Carol Channing's performance as Dolly Gallagher Levi was greatly acclaimed; however, some reviewers criticized the score and the libretto, implying that Channing's performance was responsible for the efficacy of the show. In his review of the opening night performance, The New York Times theatre critic Howard Taubman wrote "Hello, Dolly! ... has qualities of freshness and imagination that are rare in the run of our machine-made musicals. It transmutes the broadly stylized mood of a mettlesome farce into the gusto and colors of the musical stage. ... Mr. Herman's songs

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
 The Israeli production in 1968–1970 starred Hanna Maron as Dolly Levi, one of the most famous actress on the Israel theater, on the "Alhambra" theater, produced by Giora Godik, also starring Shraga Friedman as Horace Vandergelder, Gadi Yagil as Cornelius Hackl and Tzipi Shavit as Minnie Fay. The musical was a huge success and Dolly remains one of Maron's lovable roles. The musical was translated to Hebrew by Haim Hefer, a well-known songwriter and poet. ; In 1967, the Argentine singer and actress Libertad Lamarque starred the first Spanish language version of the musical in the Teatro Manolo Fabregas of Mexico City. Lamarque also starred the musical in Argentina the same year. ; In 1985, Cuban diva Rosita Fornés played Dolly in a Cuban production of

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
  Dolly!" (Reprise) – Dolly and Vandergelder ; "Finale Act II: Hello, Dolly! / Dancing / It Only Takes a Moment / Put On Your Sunday Clothes / Hello, Dolly!" — The Company   Song cut before Broadway Opening, reinstated when Ethel Merman joined to play Dolly. Song was not included in the original version. During the tryouts in Detroit, Gower Champion invited Charles Strouse and Lee Adams to consult on improvements to the musical. David Merrick was aware of their involvement, but Jerry Herman was not, even though Strouse was under impression that Herman knew about it. Strouse and Adams suggested

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
  role of Dolly with previews from January 20, 2018, officially on February 22, 2018, and Victor Garber took over the role of Horace Vandergelder. Charlie Stemp assumed the role of Barnaby Tucker on January 20, 2018. Santino Fontana temporarily played the role of Cornelius Hackl from March 2018 to May 6 while Gavin Creel recovered from back surgery. Creel returned to the role on May 8, 2018. Before Fontana's temporary engagement, understudy Christian Dante White played the role of Cornelius. The production closed on August 25, 2018, with Midler and Hyde Pierce returning to play Dolly and Horace (respectively) from July 17, 2018, to closing. Betty Buckley played the title role in the first national tour of the 2017 Broadway revival, which began performances in Cleveland, Ohio in October 2018 in the Connor Palace at Playhouse Square, after a tryout in Utica, New York in September 2018.

This is a document about Hello, Dolly! (musical)
   On January 19, 2016, it was announced that Bette Midler would play the title role in a Broadway revival of Hello, Dolly!. Previews began March 15, 2017, officially opening on April 20, 2017, at the Shubert Theatre. The production was produced by Scott Rudin, directed by Jerry Zaks and choreographed by Warren Carlyle. David Hyde Pierce played Horace Vandergelder. Other principal casting for this revival included Kate Baldwin as Irene Molloy, Gavin Creel as Cornelius Hackl, Jennifer Simard as Ernestina Money, Taylor Trensch as Barnaby Tucker, Will Burton as Ambrose Kemper, Melanie Moore as Ermengarde, and Beanie Feldstein as Minnie Fay. Donna Murphy played the role of Dolly at Tuesday evening performances beginning in June 2017, as well as covering Midler's holiday dates. She played her final performance on January 7, 2018. Midler, Pierce, Trensch, and Feldstein left the production on January 14, 2018. Bernadette Peters took over

Carol Channing originated the role of Dolly Levi on Broadway.


Question: when did the old age pension start in canada

Answer: 1965

This is a document about Canada Pension Plan
 seven Canadian provinces representing at least two-thirds of the country's population. Provinces may choose to opt out of the Canada Pension Plan (as Quebec did in 1965), but must offer a comparable plan to its residents. In addition, under section 94A of the Canadian Constitution, pensions are a provincial responsibility, so any province may establish an additional/supplementary plan anytime. The Liberal government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson in 1965 first established the Canadian Pension Plan. The primary CPP benefit is the monthly retirement pension. Currently, this is equal to 25% of the average earnings on which CPP contributions were

This is a document about British North America Acts
  This Act gave the Federal government the power to pass legislation concerning old age pensions, while also recognizing the rights of provincial legislatures to do so. While the Canadian Parliament had established an old age pension program in 1927, this was administered by the provinces and jointly funded by them. This Act of the British Parliament allowed the Federal government of Canada to administer and operate its own pension plan and allowed it to pass the Old Age Security Act. This Act was repealed in 1982, since it had been superseded.

This is a document about William Lyon Mackenzie King
  same year onwards. In 1944, family allowances were introduced, and from 1948 the federal government subsidized medical services in the provinces. The various provinces were assisted by the Federal Unemployment and Agricultural Assistance Act of 1938 and the Youth Training Act of 1939 to create training programs for young persons, while an amendment to the Criminal Code (which received Royal assent in May 1939) provided against refusal to hire, or dismissal, "solely because of a person's membership in a lawful trade-union or association". In 1937, the age for blind persons to qualify for old-age pensions was reduced to 40 in 1937, and later to 21 in 1947. The Federal Home Improvement

This is a document about Poverty in Canada
  programs. In 1944, Mackenzie King introduced the Family Allowance program, which was the first universal social welfare program in Canada. In 1948, the federal government subsidized medical services in the provinces. During World War II, a small unemployment insurance program was introduced. These actions formed the foundations of Canada's "social security system or welfare state" which succeeded in "reducing the impact of poverty for many families." In 1921, 1931, and 1941, the majority of Canadians lived in poverty, based on the annual census. For three decades following WWII, Canada's strong economy facilitated the introduction and expansion of social programs. By 1951, the

This is a document about CPP Investment Board
  The Canada Pension Plan was first established in 1966. For much of its history, the plan relied on contributions to pay benefits. By 1996, the federal government had determined that the CPP as then constituted was unsustainable. Changes were made to the plan, gradually increasing the contribution rate to its current 9.9% and creating the CPP Investment Board. Under the direction of then Minister of Finance Paul Martin, the CPP Investment Board was created by an Act of Parliament in 1997 as an independent, but accountable, body to monitor the funds held by the Canada Pension Plan. The CPP Investment Board began its investing

This is a document about Poverty in Canada
  of people living in poverty has become a minority. By 1961, only 15% of Canadians lived in poverty. The United States launched a "war against poverty" in 1964. In 1965, the Canadian federal government undertook a study to examine greater federal-provincial co-operation to combat poverty. In 1966, the Canada Pension Plan and Quebec Pension Plan came into effect. The 1967 Guaranteed Income Supplement assisted seniors and near-seniors who would not be able to benefit fully from the other government pension plans. Statistics Canada's 1968 report Canadians' incomes provides the "basis for defining and measuring low incomes in Canada." The 1968 Economic Council

This is a document about Bureau of Pensions Advocates
  The concept of compensation of Veterans in Canada began even before Confederation for demobilized soldiers of New France, and soldiers of the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Fenian Raids. These Veterans were given land as a way of helping them ease back into civilian life. The first disability pensions were introduced in 1866 to further compensate militiamen wounded or disabled as a result of hostile invasion of Canada during the Fenian Raids launched from the United States, as well as to the widows and orphans of those killed in battle. These benefits were subsequently extended to those who took part in quelling the North West Rebellion of 1885.

This is a document about Pension
 Pension obligations of EUR 477.96 billion (plus 9.7 percent) and ; Aid obligations of EUR 169.02 billion (plus 13.4 percent). As part of Otto von Bismarck's social legislation, the Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill was enacted and implemented in 1889. The Old Age Pension program, financed by a tax on workers, was originally designed to provide a pension annuity for workers who reached the age of 70 years, though this was lowered to 65 years in 1916. Unlike accident insurance and health insurance, this program covered industrial, agrarian, artisans and servants from the start and was supervised directly by the state. Germany's mandatory state pension provisions are based on the pay-as-you-go

This is a document about C. D. Howe
  add that responsibility to his portfolio. The opposition parties objected to the Defence Production Act, stating that there was no emergency justifying the powers Howe wanted. According to Roberts, Howe sought to implement rearmament by getting "full power for himself and running rights over everyone and everything to get an urgent job done". Backed by the overwhelming Liberal majority, the bill passed and the Department was established on 1 April 1951. The early 1950s saw an era of prosperity in Canada; in most years there was a government surplus. In 1951, the Government introduced an old age pension for Canadians to receive from

This is a document about Canada Pension Plan
  The Federal Government and its provincial counterparts moved to enhance the Canada Pension Plan to provide working Canadians with more income in retirement. These changes were principally motivated by the declining share of the workforce that was covered by an employer defined-benefit pension plan, which had fallen from 48 per cent of men in 1971 to 25 per cent by 2011. They were given additional impetus by moves on the part of the government of Ontario to launch the Ontario Retirement Pension Plan, a supplementary provincial pension plan intended to begin in 2018. Unlike the existing, or base, CPP, the enhancement to the Canada Pension

This is a document about Unemployment benefits
  Insurance" was added to the matters falling under federal authority under the Constitution Act, 1867, and the first Canadian system was adopted in 1940. Because of these problems Canada was the last major Western country to bring in an employment insurance system. It was extended dramatically by Pierre Trudeau in 1971 making it much easier to get. The system was sometimes called the 10/42, because one had to work for 10 weeks to get benefits for the other 42 weeks of the year. It was also in 1971 that the UI program was first opened up to maternity and sickness benefits, for 15 weeks in each case.

This is a document about 42nd Canadian Parliament
  rates for Northern Residents Deduction were increased by 33%; and employment insurance benefits were temporarily extended for high unemployment areas (e.g. the northern areas of the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and BC, the cities of Sudbury and Whitehorse, and most of the provinces of Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador). Bill C-15 also repealed the previous parliament's Federal Balanced Budget Act and rolled back its age eligibility for the Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement from 67 to 65 years old. The legislative changes resulting from the 2017 budget were implemented in Bill C-44 and Bill C-63 Among the changes was the phasing out of the Canada

This is a document about Old Age Security
  Old Age Security (OAS) is a monthly payment available to qualifying citizens and permanent residents of Canada who are 65 years old and older. Authorized by Section 94A of the Constitution Act of 1867, the program is defined by the Old Age Security Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. O-9). Implementation is the responsibility of the Minister of Employment and Social Development (ESDC). Administration is performed by Service Canada through offices across Canada.

This is a document about 1966 in Canada
 January 1: The Canada Pension Plan and the Quebec Pension Plan both begin operation ; February 25: Toronto Transit Commission inaugurates the Bloor-Danforth Subway line. ; March 4: The Munsinger Affair is Canada's first major political sex scandal ; May 1: Army camps, RCAF stations, and the RCN's land-based installations become Canadian Forces bases. Training schools and the pay system are unified. ; May 18: Paul Joseph Chartier is killed when a bomb he is carrying goes off on Parliament Hill ; June 5: The Union Nationale under Daniel Johnson, Sr. is elected in Quebec. June 16: Daniel Johnson, Sr., becomes premier of Quebec, replacing Jean Lesage ; July 28: Alexander B. Campbell becomes premier

This is a document about Unemployment benefits
  In Canada, the system is known as "Employment Insurance" (EI). Formerly called "Unemployment Insurance", the name was changed in 1996. In 2019, Canadian workers paid premiums of 1.62% of insured earnings in return for benefits if they lose their jobs. The Employment and Social Insurance Act was passed in 1935 during the Great Depression by the government of R. B. Bennett as an attempted Canadian unemployment insurance programme. It was, however, ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada as unemployment was judged to be an insurance matter falling under provincial responsibility. After a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the provinces, a reference to

This is a document about Liberal Party of Canada
  In the period just before and after the Second World War, the party became a champion of 'progressive social policy'. As Prime Minister for most of the time between 1921 and 1948, King introduced several measures that led to the creation of Canada's social safety net. Bowing to popular pressure, he introduced the mother's allowance, a monthly payment to all mothers with young children. He also reluctantly introduced old age pensions when J. S. Woodsworth required it in exchange for his Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party's support of King's minority government. Louis St. Laurent succeeded King as Liberal leader and Prime Minister on November 15, 1948. In

This is a document about Social Security Act 1938
  After winning the 1935 election the newly elected First Labour Government immediately issued a Christmas bonus to the unemployed. However, a regular unemployment benefit was not introduced until the passing of the Social Security Act in 1938; that benefit was "payable to a person 16 years of age and over who has been in New Zealand for at least 12 months and is unemployed, is capable of and willing to undertake suitable work, and has taken reasonable steps to secure employment" New Zealand did have several extant social welfare benefits started by the Liberal Government which implemented a tax-funded means tested old-age pension in 1898 and widows benefit in 1911. A limited form of payment to the unemployed was created during the Great Depression of the early 1930s by the United/Reform Coalition. The development

This is a document about Angus Lewis Macdonald
  On his first day in office, Macdonald kept a key Liberal promise by bringing in old age pensions for elderly people in need. Cheques were mailed out to 6,000 pensioners by the end of March 1934. It was a popular move even though monthly pension payments in Nova Scotia were substantially below the national average. The economic conditions facing the new government were dismal. Tens of thousands of Nova Scotians were impoverished and unemployed. The government expected that 75,000 Nova Scotians would need assistance during the coming winter. Biographer Stephen Henderson writes that Macdonald sympathized with the poor, but he worried that direct government relief payments would undermine their pride and self-respect. Even

This is a document about March 1965
  would be used during the war, until January 7, 1971 ; Canada's House of Commons voted 159-12 to approve a bill to create the Canada Pension Plan, starting on January 1, 1966, for persons whose annual wages were $5,000 or less. Under the legislation, 3.6% of annual wages would be payable into the public pension fund and a flat monthly payment (initially $75 Canadian) would be payable to people 70 and older.  The age for qualifying would be lowered annually from 70 to 65 by 1970. ; The collision of a commuter train with a derailed freight train killed 19 people and injured 33 in Nova Iguaçu, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

The old age pension in Canada started in 1955.


Question: what percentage of canada 's economy is oil and gas

Answer: 2.9 % of GDP

This is a document about Economy of Canada
 of 2017, manufacturing accounts for 10% of Canada's GDP, a relative decline of more than 5% of GDP since 2005. Central Canada is home to branch plants to all the major American and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Canadian firms such as Magna International and Linamar Corporation. Canada is one of the few developed nations that is a net exporter of energy—in 2009 net exports of energy products amounted to 2.9% of GDP. Most important are the large oil and gas resources centred in Alberta and the Northern Territories, but also present in neighbouring British Columbia

This is a document about Environmental issues in Alberta
  The oil and gas industry produces "60 per cent of all industrial emissions in Canada" and Alberta has the largest oil and gas industry. According to Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), because of increased oil and gas production from 2005 through 2016, GHG emissions in Canada increased 16%, particularly through in-situ extraction. By 2015, Venezuela accounted for 18%, Saudi Arabia for 16.1%, and Canada for 10.3% of the world's proven oil reserves, according to NRCAN. Based on a May 2019 report, Alberta's total oil production in March, 2019 was 17.09 million cubic metres and 17.088 million cubic metres in March 2018.

This is a document about Economy of Alberta
 Data Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM Table 282–0008, 2017 "Employment share is obtained by dividing the number of employment in this industry by total employment in Alberta."  In 2006, it was 29.1%; by 2012 it was 23.3%; in 2013, it was 24.6%,  and in 2016, 27.9%. In 2018, Alberta's energy sector contributed over $71.5 billion to Canada's nominal gross domestic product. According to Statistics Canada, in May 2018, the oil and gas extraction industry reached its highest proportion of Canada's national GDP since 1985, exceeding 7% and "surpass[ing] banking and insurance". with extraction of non-conventional oil from the oilsands reaching an "impressive", all-time high in

This is a document about Economy of Alberta
  The economy of Alberta is the sum of all economic activity in Alberta, Canada's fourth largest province by population. Alberta's GDP in 2018 was CDN$338.2 billion. Although Alberta has a presence in many industries such as agriculture, forestry, education, tourism, finance, and manufacturing, the politics and culture of the province have been closely tied to the production of fossil energy since the 1940s. Alberta—with an estimated 1.4 billion cubic metres of unconventional oil resource in the bituminous oil sands—leads Canada as an oil producer. In 2018, Alberta's energy sector contributed over $71.5 billion to Canada's nominal gross domestic product. According

This is a document about Economy of Alberta
  Statistics Canada. In 1985, Alberta's energy industry accounted for 36.1% of the provinces $66.8 billion GDP. In 2006, the mining, oil and gas extraction industry accounted for 29.1% of GDP; by 2012 it was 23.3%; in 2013, it was 24.6% of Alberta's $331.9 billion GDP,  and in 2016, the mining, oil and gas extraction industry accounted for about 27.9% of Alberta's GDP. By comparison, "In 2017, the federal, provincial and territorial governments spent some $724 billion on programs and more than $58 billion on interest payments on their public debt, which, combined, amounted to about 36 percent of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). Their combined

This is a document about Economy of Canada
  The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed economy. It is the 9th largest GDP by nominal and 15th largest GDP by PPP in the world. As with other developed nations, the country's economy is dominated by the service industry which employs about three quarters of Canadians. Canada has the third highest total estimated value of natural resources, valued at US$33.2 trillion in 2019. It has the world's third largest proven petroleum reserves and is the fourth largest exporter of petroleum. It is also the fourth largest exporter of natural gas. Canada is considered an "energy superpower" due to its abundant

This is a document about Economy of Canada
  Canada possesses large oil and gas resources centred in Alberta and the Northern Territories, but also present in neighbouring British Columbia and Saskatchewan. The vast Athabasca oil sands give Canada the world's third largest reserves of oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela according to USGS. As such, the oil and gas industry represents 27% of Canada's total greenhouse gas emissions, an increase of 84% since 1990, mostly due to the development of the oil sands. Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in Western Canada and the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario. Foreign investment in Western oil projects has fueled Canada's rising dollar. This has raised the price of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem

This is a document about Petroleum industry in Canada
  Petroleum production in Canada is a major industry which is important to the economy of North America. Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world and is the world's fourth largest oil producer and fourth largest oil exporter. In 2019 it produced an average of 4.7 Moilbbl/d of crude oil and equivalent. Of that amount, 64% was upgraded and non-upgraded bitumen from oil sands, and the remainder light crude oil, heavy crude oil and natural-gas condensate. Most of Canadian petroleum production is exported, approximately 3.8 Moilbbl/d in 2019, with 98% of the exports going to the United States. Canada is by far the largest single source of oil imports to the United States, providing 43% of US crude oil imports in 2015. The petroleum industry in Canada is also referred

This is a document about Natural gas in Canada
  Natural gas was the Canada's third largest source of energy production in 2018, representing 22.3% of all energy produced from fuels in the country. By contrast, the share of fuel-based energy production from natural gas in 2013 was 17.0%, indicating a growth rate of approximately 1.06% per year.

This is a document about Economy of Canada
  for about 73% of exports and 63% of imports as of 2009. Canada's combined exports and imports ranked 8th among all nations in 2006. About 4% of Canadians are directly employed in primary resource fields, and they account for 6.2% of GDP. They are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, exist because of a nearby mine or source of timber. Canada is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds, lead, and in recent years, crude petroleum, which, with the world's second-largest oil reserves, is taking an increasingly prominent position in natural resources

This is a document about Petroleum industry in Canada
  Approximately 97% of Canadian oil production occurs in three provinces: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2015 Alberta produced 79.2% of Canada's oil, Saskatchewan 13.5%, and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador 4.4%. British Columbia and Manitoba produced about 1% apiece. The four Western Canada provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba all produce their oil from the vast and oil rich Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, which is centered on Alberta but extends into the other three Western provinces and into the Northwest Territories. The province of Newfoundland and Labrador produces its oil from offshore drilling on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland in the western Atlantic Ocean.

This is a document about Calgary
  gas related companies, and many financial service business have grown up around them. Small business and self-employment levels also rank amongst the highest in Canada. Calgary is a distribution and transportation hub with high retail sales. Calgary's economy is decreasingly dominated by the oil and gas industry, although it is still the single largest contributor to the city's GDP. In 2006, Calgary's real GDP (in constant 1997 dollars) was CA$52.386 billion, of which oil, gas and mining contributed 12%. The larger oil and gas companies are BP Canada, Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Cenovus Energy, Encana, Imperial Oil, Suncor Energy, Shell Canada, Husky Energy,

This is a document about Economy of Alberta
  Statistics Canada, in May 2018, the oil and gas extraction industry reached its highest proportion of Canada's national GDP since 1985, exceeding 7% and "surpass[ing] banking and insurance" with extraction of non-conventional oil from the oilsands reaching an "impressive", all-time high in May 2018. With conventional oil extraction "climbed up to the highs from 2007", the demand for Canadian oil was strong in May. From 1990 to 2003, Alberta's economy grew by 57% compared to 43% for all of Canada—the strongest economic growth of any region in Canada. In 2006 Alberta's per capita GDP was higher than all US states,

This is a document about Alberta
  also a part of the province's identity. Alberta's economy is based on hydrocarbons, petrochemical industries, livestock, agriculture and frontier technologies. The oil industry has been a pillar of Alberta's economy since 1947, when substantial oil deposits were discovered at Leduc No. 1 well. Since Alberta is the province most rich in hydrocarbons, it provides 70% of the oil and natural gas exploited on Canadian soil. In 2018, Alberta's output was CDN$338.2 billion, 15.27% of Canada's GDP. In the past, Alberta's political landscape hosted parties like the left-wing Liberals and the agrarian United Farmers of Alberta. Today, Alberta is generally perceived as a conservative province.

This is a document about Ministry of Energy (Alberta)
  royalty system. The maximum royalty rate for conventional oil will be reduced to 40 per cent, down from the current level of 50 per cent. The maximum royalty rate for conventional and unconventional natural gas will be reduced at higher price levels from 50 to 36 per cent." In 2010 the oil and gas industry accounted for 30 percent of Alberta's GDP and 147,000 direct jobs. The decision to lower royalty rates to make the NRR industries more competitive was based on the economic argument that the decrease in royalties revenue would be offset by an increase in land sales and

This is a document about Canada and the Kyoto Protocol
  Canada is the fifth-largest energy producer in the world, producing and export quantities of crude oil, natural gas, electricity, and coal, which creates challenges in meeting emissions standards. The energy industry generates about a quarter of Canada's export revenues and employs some 650,000 people across the country.

This is a document about Energy subsidy
  The Canadian federal government offers subsidies for fossil fuel exploration and production and Export Development Canada regularly provides financing to oil and gas companies. A 2018 report from the Overseas Development Institute, a UK-based think tank, found that Canada spent a greater proportion of its GDP on fiscal support to oil and gas production in 2015 and 2016 than any other G7 country. In 2015 and 2016, the largest federal subsidies for fossil fuel exploration and production were the Canadian Exploration Expense (CEE), the Canadian Development Expense (CDE), and the Atlantic Investment Tax Credit (AITC). In these years Canada paid a yearly average of $1.018 billion CAD to oil and

This is a document about Coal in Canada
  In 2016, "mining, processing, and related services from thermal and metallurgical coal contributed an estimated $4 billion to Canada's economy, or roughly 0,2%. of Canada's GDP," according to Natural Resources Canada. NRC reported that about 50 percent of this "GDP contribution came from metallurgical coal" and, in comparison, "clean energy accounted for 1.3% of Canada’s GDP."

This is a document about Economy of Alberta
 Oil and Gas Extraction industry = 69,900 ; Support Activities for Mining & Oil & Gas Extraction (primarily oil and gas exploration and drilling) = 71,700 ; Mining other than oil and gas (mainly coal and mineral mining & quarrying) = 5,100 According to the Government of Alberta, the "mining and oil and gas extraction industry accounted for 6.1% of total employment in Alberta in 2017". By April 2019, there were about 145,100 people working directly with the oil and gas industry. In 2013, there were 171,200 people employed in the mining and oil and gas extraction industry. In 2007 there were 146,900 people working in the mining and oil and gas extraction industry.

In 2018, the oil and gas sector contributed over $71.5 billion to Canada's nominal GDP, which represents approximately 6.7% of the country's total GDP.


Question: who wrote the face that launched a thousand ships

Answer: Christopher Marlowe 's

This is a document about Helen of Troy
 Hellenistic Laconia, both at Sparta and elsewhere; at Therapne she shared a shrine with Menelaus. She was also worshiped in Attica and on Rhodes. Her beauty inspired artists of all times to represent her, frequently as the personification of ideal human beauty. Christopher Marlowe's lines from his tragedy "Doctor Faustus" (1604) are frequently cited: ""Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?"" Images of Helen start appearing in the 7th century BCE. In classical Greece, her abduction by Paris – or escape with him – was a popular motif. In medieval

This is a document about Helen of Troy
 the Faust myth, including Christopher Marlowe's 1604 play "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus", in which Faustus famously marvels, "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" upon seeing a demon impersonating Helen. The line, which is frequently quoted out of context, is a paraphrase of a statement from Lucian's "Dialogues of the Dead". It is debated whether the phrase conveys astonishment at Helen's beauty, or disappointment that she is not more beautiful. The German poet and polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe re-envisioned the meeting of Faust and Helen. In "",

This is a document about Lucian
 scene from "Hamlet" with the gravediggers echoes several scenes from "Dialogues of the Dead". Christopher Marlowe's famous verse "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships/And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" is a paraphrase of a quote from Lucian. Francis Bacon called Lucian a "contemplative atheist". Henry Fielding, the author of "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling" (1749), owned a complete set of Lucian's writings in nine volumes. He deliberately imitated Lucian in his "Journey from This World and into the Next" and, in "The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great" (1743), he describes Lucian

This is a document about Helen of Troy
 seduction. In the "Florentine Picture Chronicle" Paris and Helen are shown departing arm in arm, while their marriage was depicted into Franco-Flemish tapestry. In Christopher Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus" (1604), Faust conjures the shade of Helen. Upon seeing Helen, Faustus speaks the famous line: "Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium." (Act V, Scene I.) Helen is also conjured by Faust in Goethe's "Faust". In Pre-Raphaelite art, Helen is often shown with shining curly hair and ringlets. Other painters of the same period depict Helen on the ramparts of Troy, and

This is a document about Something About Airplanes
  "The Face That Launched 1000 Shits" is a cover of an original song by The Revolutionary Hydra, a band that DCFC guitarist Chris Walla and lead singer/guitarist Ben Gibbard belonged to. The song was written by then-bandmate Jay Chilcote. The song’s title is a play on the phrase “The Face That Launched a Thousand Ships”, attributed to Helen of Troy whose supposed unmatched beauty led to the Trojan War (after Paris, Prince of Troy, kidnapped her from Sparta and her husband King Menelaus).

This is a document about Lucian
  French Renaissance and beyond through his translations of Lucian's works. Lucian's True Story inspired both Sir Thomas More's Utopia (1516) and Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726). Sandro Botticelli's paintings The Calumny of Apelles and Pallas and the Centaur are both based on descriptions of paintings found in Lucian's works. Lucian's prose narrative Timon the Misanthrope was the inspiration for William Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens and the scene from Hamlet with the gravediggers echoes several scenes from Dialogues of the Dead. Christopher Marlowe's famous verse "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships/And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" is a paraphrase of a quote from Lucian. Francis Bacon called Lucian a "contemplative atheist".

This is a document about Helen of Troy
  Menelaus after Paris dies and Troy falls. Helen was portrayed by Diane Kruger in the 2004 film Troy. In this adaptation, as in the 2003 television version, she is unhappily married to Menelaus and willingly leaves with Paris, whom she loves. However, in this version she does not return to Sparta with Menelaus (who is killed by Hector), but escapes Troy with Paris and other survivors when the city falls. Jacob M. Appel's 2008 play, Helen of Sparta, retells Homer's Iliad from Helen's point of view. Inspired by the line, "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships...?" from Marlowe's Faustus, Isaac Asimov jocularly coined the unit "millihelen" to

This is a document about Helen of Troy
  so beloved by early medieval Christians that she even took on some of the roles of the Virgin Mary. During the Renaissance, the French poet Pierre de Ronsard wrote 142 sonnets addressed to a woman named Hélène de Surgères, in which he declared her to be the "true", French Helen, rather than the "lie" of the Greeks. Helen appears in various versions of the Faust myth, including Christopher Marlowe's 1604 play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, in which Faustus famously marvels, "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" upon seeing a demon impersonating Helen. The line, which is frequently quoted

This is a document about List of humorous units of measurement
  Helen of Troy (from the Iliad) is widely known as "the face that launched a thousand ships". Thus, 1 millihelen is the amount of beauty needed to launch a single ship. Other derived units such as the negative helen (the power to beach ships) have also been described.

This is a document about Helen of Troy
  on Rhodes. Her beauty inspired artists of all times to represent her, frequently as the personification of ideal human beauty. Images of Helen start appearing in the 7th century BC. In classical Greece, her abduction by Paris—or escape with him—was a popular motif. In medieval illustrations, this event was frequently portrayed as a seduction, whereas in Renaissance paintings it was usually depicted as a "rape" (i. e. abduction) by Paris. Christopher Marlowe's lines from his tragedy Doctor Faustus (1604) are frequently cited: "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?"

This is a document about The Squire of Gothos
  Writer Paul Schneider was inspired by seeing children play war, and originally intended the episode to be an antiwar statement. Upon meeting Yeoman Ross, Trelane slightly misquotes Christopher Marlowe's 16th-century play  Doctor Faustus: "Is this the face that launched a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Fair Helen, make me immortal with a kiss". The actual lines are: "Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships, And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss!"

This is a document about White Ship
 Felicia Hemans, "He Never Smiled Again", c. 1830 ; Dante Gabriel Rossetti, "The White Ship: a ballad"; first published 1881 in his collected Ballads and Sonnets. ; Edwin Arlington Robinson, "Ballad of a Ship", 1891 ; Geoffrey Hill, "The White Ship". In his first book, For the Unfallen, 1959. ; Franck K. Lehodey, "White Ship". A graphic novel, 2011.

This is a document about Under the Volcano
  Critics have remarked that Marlowe's version of the Faustus myth is "Lowry's single most important source for Under the Volcano". Lowry alludes to Goethe's Faust as well and uses a quote for one of his three epigraphs but Marlowe's dominates, with the Consul being suggested as a Faustian black magician by Hugh. The Consul "often associates himself with Faustus as a suffering soul who cannot ask for salvation, or who even runs toward hell", and parodies Marlowe's line about Helen of Troy ("was this the face that launched a thousand ships, / and burnt the topless towers of Illium?" ) when looking at a fighting cock in a bar, "Was this the face that launched five hundred ships, and betrayed Christ into being in the Western Hemisphere?" A literary game based on the

This is a document about Helen (unit)
  The classic reference to Helen's beauty is Marlowe's lines from the 1592 play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, "Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" In the tradition of humorous pseudounits, then, 1 millihelen is the amount of beauty needed to launch a single ship. According to The Rebel Angels, a 1981 novel by Robertson Davies, this system was invented by Cambridge mathematician W.A.H. Rushton. In his 1992 collection of jokes and limericks, Isaac Asimov claimed to have invented the term in the 1940s as a graduate student. In a 1958 letter to the New Scientist, R.C. Winton proposes the millihelen as the amount of beauty required to launch one ship. In response, P. Lockwood noted that the unit had been independently proposed by Edgar J. Westbury and extended by the pair to negative values, where −1 millihelen was the amount of ugliness required to sink a battleship. Frank Muir or Denis Norden quoted it on the BBC Home Service/Radio Four quiz panel game 'My Word!', broadcast between 1956 and 1988.

This is a document about 1904 in poetry
 John Davidson, The Testament of a Prime Minister ; Ford Madox Ford, The Face of the Night ; Thomas Hardy, The Dynasts: A drama of the Napoleonic Wars, Part I, followed by Part II (1906) and Part III (1908) ; Henry Newbolt, Songs of the Sea ; Alfred Noyes, Poems ; Edwin Arnold, Indian Poetry ; AE (George William Russell), The Divine Vision, and Other Poems ; Christina Rossetti, Poetical Works, edited by W. M. Rossetti ; Algernon Charles Swinburne, A Channel Passage, and Other Poems ; William Watson, For England

This is a document about List of Discworld characters
  A past Patrician of Ankh-Morpork referred to in The Light Fantastic, Olaf Quimby was noted for his interest in honest and accurate descriptions as well as proper standards for everything, particularly metaphor. As Patrician, he used his power to enforce laws against creative exaggeration in writing. For example, no bard was allowed to say of a hero that "all men spoke of his prowess" on pain of death; he should instead add that some people spoke ill of the hero and that still others did not know of him at all. Similarly, the phrase "her face launched a thousand ships" could only be used to describe a

This is a document about The Hero with a Thousand Faces
  The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published in 1949) is a work of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell, in which the author discusses his theory of the mythological structure of the journey of the archetypal hero found in world myths. Since the publication of The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Campbell's theory has been consciously applied by a wide variety of modern writers and artists. Filmmaker George Lucas acknowledged Campbell's theory in mythology, and its influence on the Star Wars films. The Joseph Campbell Foundation and New World Library issued a new edition of The Hero with a Thousand Faces in July 2008 as part of the Collected Works of Joseph Campbell series of books, audio and video recordings. In 2011, Time placed the book in its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since the magazine was founded in 1923.

This is a document about Maritime history of Europe
  Christian vessels engaged each other on the Gulf of Patras. The Battle of Lepanto as it was called, saw some 38,000 men perish. Miguel de Cervantes, author of Don Quixote, was wounded during the battle. In April 1587, Sir Francis Drake burned 37 Spanish ships in the harbor at Cádiz, in southern Spain. The publication of Jan Huygen van Linschoten's book Voyages provided a significant turning point in Europe's maritime history. Before the publication of this book, knowledge of the sea route to the Far East had been well guarded by the Portuguese for over a century. Voyages was published in several languages, including English and German (published in 1598), Latin

This is a document about Joseph Campbell
  From his days in college through the 1940s, Joseph Campbell turned his hand to writing fiction. In many of his later stories (published in the posthumous collection Mythic Imagination) he began to explore the mythological themes that he was discussing in his Sarah Lawrence classes. These ideas turned him eventually from fiction to non-fiction. Originally titled How to Read a Myth, and based on the introductory class on mythology that he had been teaching at Sarah Lawrence College, The Hero with a Thousand Faces was published in 1949 as Campbell's first foray as a solo author; it established his name outside of scholarly circles and remains, arguably, his most influential work to this day. The book argues that hero stories such as Krishna, Buddha, Apollonius of Tyana, and Jesus all share a similar mythological

Christopher Marlowe wrote the line "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships?" in his play "Doctor Faustus." However, the inspiration for the line came from a quote by Lucian of Samosata.


Question: who was in the arms of an angel written for

Answer: Jonathan Melvoin

This is a document about Angel (Sarah McLachlan song)
 Angel (Sarah McLachlan song) "Angel" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan about the heroin overdose death of Jonathan Melvoin (1961-1996), the Smashing Pumpkins touring keyboard player, as McLachlan explained on "VH1 Storytellers". The song first appeared on "Surfacing", the Canadian singer's 1997 album. It is sometimes mistitled as "In the Arms of an Angel" or "Arms of the Angel". "Angel" was McLachlan's second consecutive top five hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, debuting at number twelve, and then jumping to the top ten the following week, before peaking at number four. It remained at the top ten

This is a document about Angel (Sarah McLachlan song)
  "Angel" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan. The song first appeared on McLachlan's fourth studio album, Surfacing, in 1997 and was released as the album's fourth and final single the following year. The lyrics are about the death of Jonathan Melvoin (1961–1996), the Smashing Pumpkins' touring keyboard player, from a heroin overdose, as McLachlan explained on VH1 Storytellers. It is sometimes mistitled as "In the Arms of an Angel" or "Arms of the Angel". "Angel" was McLachlan's second consecutive top-five hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number four. It also spent 12 weeks at number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, placing as the number-one song on that chart for 1999. In McLachlan's native Canada, it reached number seven on the RPM Top Singles chart and number three on the Adult Contemporary chart. Outside North America, the song has charted in several countries in the years following its release, including reaching number seven in Ireland in 2002 and number nine in Norway in 2008.

This is a document about Hot (American vocal group)
  Ivey was the keyboardist and Mac McAnally played guitar. "Angel in Your Arms," which Ivey and Woodford had written with local songwriter Tommy Brasfield, was given to the group to record after Gwen Owens asked if they could record a C&W song. Picked up by Big Tree Records for release, "Angel in Your Arms" broke in Florida in February 1977, debuting that month on the Billboard Hot 100 at #97, gradually accruing sufficient airplay to enter the Pop Top 40 that April and proceed to number 6 that July. The track also charted R&B (#29) and Easy Listening (#9). Certified a RIAA certification gold record for U.S. sales of one million units, "Angel in Your Arms" was also a hit for Hot in Australia (#27), Canada (#3), and New Zealand (#7).

This is a document about Fanny Crosby
  "Safe in the Arms of Jesus" was inspired by her death. After the death of their daughter, Van became increasingly reclusive; Crosby never spoke publicly about being a mother, aside from mentioning it in a few interviews towards the end of her life: "Now I am going to tell you of something that only my closest friends know. I became a mother and knew a mother's love. God gave us a tender babe but the angels came down and took our infant up to God and to His throne". In late 1859, the van Alstynes moved frequently, "establishing a pattern that continued for the rest of their

This is a document about Angel (novel)
  Angel is a novel by the English novelist Elizabeth Taylor first published in 1957. It tells the life story of Angelica ("Angel") Deverell from her adolescence and first attempts at writing, through the course of her career as a successful writer of sensational romances, into her decline, old age and death. Although she finds fame and wealth and marries the love of her life, Angel is condemned to a life of isolation and disappointment: critics regard her work as absurd and her closest relationships—with her publisher, her husband, and her sister-in-law—are doomed by the inability of others to conform to her unrealistic view of life. Although Angel is in the main portrayed as a grotesque eccentric, she is frequently made to

This is a document about Answerphone (Nicholas McDonald song)
  The song debuted at number 73 on the UK Singles Chart on 23 March 2014. It was a major flop in comparison to In the Arms of an Angel, which debuted at number six on the UK Albums Chart the same week. The song also charted at number 28 on the Scottish Singles Chart.

This is a document about Guardian angel
  new opinion of the Church of Rome, but an old one of Pythagoras and Plato; there is no heresie in it, and if not manifestly defin'd in Scripture, yet is it an opinion of a good and wholesome use in the course and actions of a mans life, and would serve as an Hypothesis to salve many doubts, whereof common Philosophy affordeth no solution:" By the 19th century, the guardian angel was no longer viewed in Anglophone lands as an intercessory figure, but rather as a force protecting the believer from performing sin. A parody appears in Lord Byron's 1819 poem Don Juan: "Her guardian angel had given up his garrison" (Canto I, xvii). Author A.L. Mengel's 2016 novel War Angel explores the mystery surrounding guardian angels.

This is a document about Angel in Your Arms
 The success of Hot with "Angel in Your Arms" brought an expedient cover aimed at the C&W market by Vivian Bell, a March 1977 release which failed to become a major hit with a #71 C&W peak. ; Robin Lee recorded "Angel in Your Arms" in late 1982, the track originally serving as B-side of her inaugural single release "Turning Back the Covers" (#81 C&W): the single was re-released December 1982 with "Angel in Your Arms" as the A-side and as such more successful though still not a major hit with a #54 C&W peak. ; "Angel in Your Arms" subsequently served as the B-side for two single releases by

This is a document about In the Arms of an Angel
  In the Arms of an Angel is the debut studio album by Scottish singer Nicholas McDonald, who finished as the runner-up on the tenth series of The X Factor in 2013. It was released through RCA Records on 17 March 2014. The album has peaked to number 6 on the UK Albums Chart. Consisting mostly of covers, the album was recorded over a seven-day period in January 2014. The album's title comes from the line "you're in the arms of the angel", from the Sarah McLachlan song "Angel", which is one of the songs McDonald covered for the album. The lead single "Answerphone" was released on 16 March 2014, a day before the album. "Answerphone" is one of just three original songs on the album—the others are "Smile" and "Solid Gold".

This is a document about Angels (Robbie Williams song)
  In 2011, Robbie Williams said he wrote "Angels" with collaborator Guy Chambers in 25 minutes about his aunt and uncle. By his account, he and Chambers were sitting outside a cafe watching a water fountain, which inspired them to write the chorus. In 2016, Williams said: "It was the first of our songs that we wrote together. We could tell and hoped and prayed that we got something incredibly special." Williams expressed irritation that some assumed Chambers was the sole author. Irish singer-songwriter Ray Heffernan asserts that he wrote the first version of "Angels" in Paris in 1996, after his partner had a miscarriage. According to Heffernan, he met Williams in a pub by chance in Dublin. He showed him an incomplete version of the song, and that week

This is a document about Jacob wrestling with the angel
  The motif of "wrestling with the angels" occurs in several novels including Hermann Hesse's Demian (1919), Dodie Smith's I Capture the Castle (1948), Margaret Laurence's The Stone Angel (1964). In T.H. White's The Once and Future King, the Wart is described as knowing that the work of training a hawk "had been like Jacob's struggle with the angel". In poetry the theme appears in Rainer Maria Rilke's "The Man Watching" (c.1920), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Evangeline," Herman Melville's poem "Art," and Emily Dickinson's poem "A little East of Jordan" (Fr145B, 1860). In theatre, wrestling with the angel is mentioned in Tony Kushner's play Angels in America (1990); the version depicted in its miniseries adaptation is the 1865 version by Alexander Louis Leloir. Gustave Dore's image is reenacted in Jean-Luc Godard's Passion by a film extra dressed as an angel and Jerzy Radziwiłowicz. Also Maud Hart Lovelace's Betsy's Wedding (1955), Stephen King's novel 11/22/63 (2011), Sheila Heti's novel Motherhood (2018) and David Fennario's play Balconville (1979). A short story in Daniel Mallory Ortberg's collection The Merry Spinster (2018) explores a version of the narrative as told from the perspective of the angel.

This is a document about Angel (Madonna song)
  "Angel" was written by Madonna and Steve Bray and released worldwide on April 10, 1985. The song first began as a demo and was recorded as early as April 1984 for her second studio album, Like a Virgin. However, the whole project was held off, much to Madonna's frustration, by the continuing sales of her self-titled debut album, which had by then sold over a million copies in United States. She had decided to release "Angel" as the initial single from the album, but changed her mind, after the recording of the title track "Like a Virgin" was complete. "Angel" was an ode to "a heavenly love" and inspired from Madonna's Catholic upbringing with the singer saying, "I think it's important to call angels to you to protect you... That's part of the ritualistic moment. The calling of

This is a document about Angel in Your Arms
  Although "Angel in Your Arms" belongs to the tradition of cheating songs prevalent in C&W music, the song was introduced by pop/R&B act Hot on their self-titled debut album, recorded 1976 at Wishbone Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama with Wishbone's owners Clayton Ivey and Terrence (Terry) Woodford producing. It was Hot's lead singer Gwen Owens who requested the group be given a C&W song, and Ivey and Woodford obliged with "Angel in Your Arms" whose third co-writer was Muscle Shoals resident Tom/Tommy Brasfield. Although Hot was officially a trio consisting of Owens, Cathy Carson and Juanita Curiel, Owens has stated that she recorded "Angel in Your Arms" with only Carson as background vocalist as Irene Cathaway, with whom Owens and Carson had been performing and who was expected to record with them at Muscle Shoals, was a no-show at the recording studio, and "Angel in Your Arms" was recorded prior to the recruitment of Curiel as Cathaway's replacement. Ivey played keyboards on Hot's recording of "Angel in Your Arms", which featured Mac McAnally on guitar. At the time of Hot's success with their single version, the group also recorded a Spanish-language version entitled "Angel en Tus Brazos".

This is a document about Down in the Valley (folk song)
  This song is the basis of the 1945 Kurt Weill and Arnold Sundgaard opera Down in the Valley. It was performed by Anne Baxter in the Wagon Train episode, “The Kitty Angel Story“ (1959). It was performed by Joanna Moore on The Andy Griffith Show in 1962. The author/songwriter David M. Pierce used selected lyrics from the song as titles for a series of detective novels written between 1989 and 1996: Down in the Valley, Hear the Wind Blow, Dear, Roses Love Sunshine, Angels in Heaven, Write Me a Letter and As She Rides By. The first four verses are featured in Catherine Marshall's novel, Christy,

This is a document about Angel in Your Arms
  "I Heard It on the Radio" (#71 C&W) and the duet with Lobo: "Paint the Town Blue" (#54 C&W). ; Barbara Mandrell, who had scored a 1982 #1 C&W hit with Brasfield's "Till You're Gone", recorded "Angel in Your Arms" in June 1985 in Nashville to serve as an advance single from the album Get to the Heart, marking the first newly recorded release by Mandrell after her 11 September 1984 automobile accident. A thematic return by Mandrell to the connubial concerns prevalent in her early hits, including her 1978 career record "(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right", "Angel in Your Arms" reached #8 C&W.

This is a document about Lorna Byrne
  of the Abrahamic religions: for example, Michael, Gabriel, and Elijah. However, she emphasizes that the angels appear to her in forms she would be comfortable with as a Catholic, and that they would appear to people from other cultures and religions in forms that would be comfortable for them. She has said that she has seen Archangel Gabriel dressed as "what we might call today," a biker. In Love from Heaven, she stated that most people lock the love they have inside them. She writes that it is vital to love oneself, and that one is unable to love others if one does not love oneself. Byrne states that all

This is a document about Angels (Amy Grant song)
  "Angels" is a 1984 single by Christian singer Amy Grant, from her album Straight Ahead. Grant performed the song at the 1985 Grammy Awards, where it won her an award for Best Gospel Vocal Performance, Female. It also reached No. 1 on Billboard Hot Christian Songs. The song begins with an account of the apostle Peter's capture by Herod's guards in the Bible, and goes on to describe how God has His angels watching over believers, to guide and protect them in times of fear, doubt, confusion, or temptation.

This is a document about Villa La Pelucca frescoes
 Adoring Angel

This is a document about Angel in Your Arms
 Lynn Anderson (I Love What Love Is Doing to Me 1977), ; Red Hurley (as "The Angel in Your Arms") (With Love 1978) ; Millie Jackson (Feelin' Bitchy 1977) ; Reba McEntire (Reba McEntire 1977) ; Billie Jo Spears (I Will Survive 1979). ; In the UK, where the Hot original had had an unsuccessful April 1977 release, "Angel in Your Arms" was recorded in 1979 by veteran vocalist Carol Deene who had been inactive for some years: Deene's version, released on her own Koala label, failed to effect a chart comeback. ; "Angel in Your Arms" was one of a number of tracks recorded in the spring of 2009 at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio by Queen Emily; Wolf Stephenson produced the sessions which featured Clayton Ivey on keyboards. The Queen Emily album was released in the UK in December 2010. ; A Finnish rendering: "Älä Kysy Kuka On Sylissäin", was recorded by Vicky for her 1978 album Tee Mulle Niin. "Angel in Your Arms" has also been recorded by:

The song "Angel" by Sarah McLachlan was written about the death of Jonathan Melvoin, a touring keyboard player for the Smashing Pumpkins.


Question: who was the future american president who made a national name

Answer: Benjamin Harrison

This is a document about Benjamin Harrison
 Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd President of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, creating the only grandfathergrandson duo to have held the office. He was also the great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a founding father. Before ascending to the presidency, Harrison established himself as a prominent local attorney, Presbyterian church leader, and politician in Indianapolis, Indiana. During the American Civil War, he served in the Union Army as a colonel, and

This is a document about National University School of Law
  Advocates for National in the mid-19th century favored the "grand idea" of a flagship American university in the style of prominent European institutions, as promoted by presidents George Washington, James Madison, and John Quincy Adams. These advocates quoted Washington in his eighth State of the Union address: "I have heretofore proposed to the consideration of Congress the expediency of establishing a national university and also a military academy. The desirableness of both these institutions has so constantly increased with every new view I have taken of the subject that I can not omit the opportunity of once for all recalling your attention to

This is a document about Martin D. Hardin
 American National Biography

This is a document about Howlin' Wolf
  Chester Arthur Burnett was born on June 10, 1910, in White Station, Mississippi to Gertrude Jones and Leon "Dock" Burnett. He would later say that his father was "Ethiopian", while Jones had Choctaw ancestry on her father's side. He was named for Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States. His physique garnered him the nicknames "Big Foot Chester" and "Bull Cow" as a young man: he was 6 ft tall and often weighed close to 300 lb. The name "Howlin' Wolf" originated from Burnett's maternal grandfather, who would admonish him for killing his grandmother's chicks from reckless squeezing

This is a document about America's Promise
  The Presidents’ Summit for America’s Future in 1997 – a national summit held in Philadelphia to promote a civic response to many of the country’s problems, particularly the challenges facing at-risk youth – led to the creation of America’s Promise Alliance. Presidents Bill Clinton and George H. W. Bush convened the summit, and Gen. Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret) served as the event’s general chairman. Focusing specifically on helping the nation’s young people, Gen. Powell agreed to lead a three-year campaign called America’s Promise – The Alliance for Youth, which set out to improve the lives of 2 million of the nation’s 15 million at-risk youth by 2000. In 2000, the target end-date of the campaign, General Powell determined that America’s Promise should continue its work and continue to operate

This is a document about Presidency of Woodrow Wilson
  towards the creation of a strong federal government that would protect ordinary citizens against the overwhelming power of large corporations. Many of Wilson's accomplishments, including the Federal Reserve, the Federal Trade Commission, the graduated income tax, and labor laws, continued to influence the United States long after Wilson's death. He is generally regarded as a key figure in the establishment of Modern American liberalism, and a strong influence on future presidents such as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson. Cooper argues that in terms of impact and ambition, only the New Deal and the Great Society rival the domestic accomplishments of Wilson's

This is a document about Franklin D. Roosevelt
  Roosevelt is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of the United States, as well as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. Historians and political scientists consistently rank Roosevelt, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln as the three greatest presidents, although the order varies. Reflecting on Roosevelt's presidency, "which brought the United States through the Great Depression and World War II to a prosperous future", said FDR biographer Jean Edward Smith in 2007, "He lifted himself from a wheelchair to lift the nation from its knees." The rapid expansion of government programs that occurred during Roosevelt's term redefined the role of the government in

This is a document about Ralph Nader
   By the early 1970s Nader had established himself as a household name. In a critical memo written by Lewis Powell to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Powell warned business representatives that Nader "has become a legend in his own time and an idol of millions of Americans". Ralph Nader's name appeared in the press as a potential candidate for president for the first time in 1971, when he was offered the opportunity to run as the presidential candidate for the New Party, a progressive split-off from the Democratic Party. Chief among his advocates was author Gore Vidal, who touted a 1972 Nader

This is a document about Woodrow Wilson
  Wilson is generally ranked by historians and political scientists as an above average president. In the view of some historians, Wilson, more than any of his predecessors, took steps towards the creation of a strong federal government that would protect ordinary citizens against the overwhelming power of large corporations. He is generally regarded as a key figure in the establishment of modern American liberalism, and a strong influence on future presidents such as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson. Cooper argues that in terms of impact and ambition, only the New Deal and the Great Society rival the domestic accomplishments of Wilson's presidency. Many of Wilson's accomplishments, including the Federal Reserve, the Federal

This is a document about Thomas E. Dewey
  but [believed] him a born executive who would make a great president." The pollster George Gallup once described Dewey as "the ablest public figure of his lifetime... the most misunderstood man in recent American history." On the other hand, President Franklin D. Roosevelt privately called Dewey "the little man" and a "son of a bitch", and to Robert Taft and other conservative Republicans Dewey "became synonymous with ... New York newspapers, New York banks, New York arrogance – the very city Taft's America loves to hate." A Taft supporter once referred to Dewey as "that snooty little governor of New York." Herbert Brownell, Dewey's campaign

This is a document about Jimmy Carter
   Carter announced his candidacy for president on December 12, 1974, at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. His speech contained themes of domestic inequality, optimism, and change. Upon his entrance in the primaries, he was competing against 16 other candidates, and was considered to have little chance against the more nationally-known politicians like George Wallace. His name recognition was two percent, and his opponents derisively asked "Jimmy Who?". In response to this, Carter began to emphasize his name and what he stood for, stating "My name is Jimmy Carter, and I'm running for president." This strategy proved successful; by mid-March 1976, Carter was not only

This is a document about Joseph Nathan Kane
  known as the president of the United States. Thomas McKean of Delaware was first to be named "President of the United States" in 1781.  Washington became president April 30, 1789. After Kane collected all this information he decided to publish his material in a large reference book that could be used by libraries and others. Kane first tried to publish his lengthy detailed manuscript but was rejected by eleven publishers. On his twelfth approach he contacted Halsey W. Wilson, the founder and president of the publishing company H. W. Wilson Company. Wilson was also hesitant. He was not sure there would be

This is a document about List of governors of dependent territories in the 21st century
 United States: ; Presidents

This is a document about Daniel J. Bernstein (businessman)
  the Times, with over 550 student leaders signing the commitment to refuse service. Shortly before the ad was published in the spring of 1968, Bernstein introduced Hundley to Robert F. Kennedy, saying: "By next week Robert will be as famous as you are." Many of the student leaders who signed the 4 page ad later became nationally prominent leaders, such as Robert Reich and Strobe Talbott. Al Lowenstein discouraged Harvard student body president Greg Craig and Georgetown leader Bill Clinton from signing the ad, since Lowenstein felt that either of them could one day be president of the United States.

This is a document about Richard Treat
 George Herbert Walker Bush, 41st President of the United States ; George Walker Bush, 43rd President of the United States ; Samuel Colt, inventor and industrialist. ; Robert Treat Paine, a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; Dr. John Franklin Gray, the first practitioner of Homeopathy in the United States. ; Gerald Warner Brace, writer, educator, sailor and boat builder. ; Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, 1861–1869. ; William Edwards Deming statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and consultant ; Treat Williams, Actor/Pilot ; C. Loring Brace, anthropologist ; Henry Ford II, president, chairman of the board and CEO of Ford Motor Company. ; John B. Hollister, Representative from Ohio ; Stephen Crane, author (The Red Badge of Courage) ; Thomas Edison, inventor ; John Pierpont Morgan,

This is a document about Land grant
  Future President Thomas Jefferson crafted the Ordinance of 1784 which carved out ten prospective states west of the Appalachian Mountains and established the basis for the Public Land Survey System. The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided a method for settling that land and establishing governmental institutions, which became federal land policy until 1862. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the Northwest Territory, pursuant to which homesteading settlers could buy land, and certain land was set aside for public schools and other purposes. The Federal Government acquired additional lands by treaties with various Native American Tribes, such as the 1833 Treaty

This is a document about September 1901
  shortly after midnight with two more telegrams and, at 12:30 in the morning, rode on a horse-drawn buckboard wagon driven by David Hunter, the superintendent of the Tarawas Club, ten miles downhill toward the nearest telephone, in the lower clubhouse, and called the railroad station at North Creek, New York where Mr. Loeb was waiting, and departed on the second leg of his journey at 2:10 in the morning in a wagon driven by Orrin Kellogg. "They had not made ten strides," a reporter would write later, before Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States by the death of William McKinley. A

This is a document about National Garden of American Heroes
  ; Harper Lee ; Pierre Charles L'Enfant ; Meriwether Lewis ; Abraham Lincoln* ; Vince Lombardi ; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ; Clare Boothe Luce ; Douglas MacArthur* ; Dolley Madison* ; James Madison* ; George Marshall ; Thurgood Marshall ; William Mayo ; Christa McAuliffe* ; William McKinley ; Louise McManus ; Herman Melville ; Thomas Merton ; Billy Mitchell ; George P. Mitchell ; Maria Mitchell ; Samuel Morse ; Lucretia Mott ; John Muir ; Audie Murphy* ; Edward R. Murrow ; John Neumann ; John von Neumann ; Annie Oakley ; Jesse Owens ; Rosa Parks ; George S. Patton Jr.* ; Charles Willson Peale

This is a document about History of Irish Americans in Boston
  ambitions. But Curley never built a really solid organization in Boston and never enjoyed the power or statewide influence of other well-known urban bosses. The most prominent figure in Boston politics early in the 20th century was John F. Fitzgerald, a man so well known for his charming personality that he was nicknamed "Honey Fitz". During his two terms as mayor, Fitzgerald made major improvements to the Port of Boston, an investment that brought increased traffic from Europe. Perhaps more significantly, in his later years he taught his grandchildren how to succeed in politics. One of them, John F. Kennedy, would go on to become the 35th president of the United States. Fitzgerald

This is a document about Luther Ely Smith
 It was your design, your marvelous conception, your brilliant forecast into the future, that has made the realization of the dream possible – a dream that you and the wonderful genius at your command and the able assistance of your associates are going to achieve far beyond the remotest possibility that we had dared visualize in the beginning. In the 1920s his Amherst school-mate Calvin Coolidge, then President of the United States, appointed him to a federal commission to supervise design and construction of the George Rogers Clark Memorial in Vincennes, Indiana. In the 1930s during the Great Depression, the United States was considering construction of a memorial to Thomas Jefferson, as part of recognizing

Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd President of the United States, made a national name for himself as a prominent lawyer, local church leader, and founding church leader in Indianapolis before his presidency. He also advocated for the establishment of a national university in the mid-19th century.