Question: when did the tudor dynasty come to an end

Answer: 24 March 1603

This is a document about House of Tudor
 poor law, allowing peasants who were too ill to work a certain amount of money from the state. All the money Elizabeth had borrowed from Parliament in 12 of the 13 parliamentary sessions was paid back; by the time of her death, Elizabeth not only had no debts, but was in credit. Elizabeth died childless at Richmond Palace on 24 March 1603. Although she had no heir, she left behind a legacy and monarchy worth noting. She had pursued her goals of being well endowed with every aspect of ruling her kingdom, and of knowing everything necessary to be an

This is a document about House of Plantagenet
  for the English succession, culminating in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and the English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII, of Lancastrian descent, became king of England; five months later, he married Elizabeth of York, thus ending the Wars of the Roses, and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty. The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for the English Renaissance, and the advent of early modern Britain.

This is a document about Kingdom of England
  The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603. James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland. Despite the Union of the Crowns, the kingdoms remained separate and independent states: a state of affairs which lasted for more than a century.

This is a document about House of Tudor
  The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended from the Tudors of Penmynydd. Tudor monarchs ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including their ancestral Wales and the Lordship of Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603, with five monarchs in that period: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. The Tudors succeeded the House of Plantagenet as rulers of the Kingdom of England, and were succeeded by the House of Stuart. The first Tudor monarch, Henry VII of England, descended through his mother from a legitimised branch of the English royal House of Lancaster, a cadet house of the Plantagenets. The Tudor family

This is a document about Tudor Crown
  After the death of Elizabeth I and the end of the Tudor dynasty, the Stuarts came to power in England. Both James I and Charles I are known to have worn the crown. Following the abolition of the monarchy and the execution of Charles I in 1649, the Tudor Crown was broken up and its valuable components sold for £1,100. According to an inventory drawn up for the sale of the king's goods, it weighed 7 lb. One of the royal figurines may have survived: a statuette of Henry VI matching the contemporary depiction of the crown was uncovered in 2017 by metal detectorist Kevin Duckett. The location,

This is a document about History of England
  With Henry VII's accession to the throne in 1485, the Wars of the Roses came to an end, and Tudors would continue to rule England for 118 years. Traditionally, the Battle of Bosworth Field is considered to mark the end of the Middle Ages in England, although Henry did not introduce any new concept of monarchy, and for most of his reign his hold on power was tenuous. He claimed the throne by conquest and God's judgement in battle. Parliament quickly recognized him as king, but the Yorkists were far from defeated. Nonetheless, he married Edward IV's eldest daughter Elizabeth

This is a document about Tudor period
  The Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603 in England and Wales and includes the Elizabethan period during the reign of Elizabeth I until 1603. The Tudor period coincides with the dynasty of the House of Tudor in England whose first monarch was Henry VII (b.1457, r.1485–1509). Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expansive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the Roman occupation.

This is a document about History of England
  Lancastrian Henry Tudor ended the War of the Roses and established the Tudor dynasty in 1485. Under the Tudors and the later Stuart dynasty, England became a colonial power. During the rule of the Stuarts, the English Civil War took place between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists, which resulted in the execution of King Charles I (1649) and the establishment of a series of republican governments—first, a Parliamentary republic known as the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653), then a military dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell known as the Protectorate (1653–1659). The Stuarts returned to the restored throne in 1660, though continued questions over religion and power

This is a document about Succession to the British throne
  In 1485, Henry Tudor, a female-line descendant of a legitimated branch of the royal house of Lancaster, the House of Beaufort, assumed the English crown as Henry VII, after defeating Richard III, who was killed at the battle of Bosworth when leading a charge against Henry's standard. Richard was the last king of the House of York, and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. Henry declared himself king retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before his victory over Richard at Bosworth Field, and caused Richard's Titulus Regius to be repealed and expunged from the Rolls of Parliament. After Henry's coronation in London in October that year, his

This is a document about List of legendary kings of Britain
  of the island of Great Britain, which would become England, after that point in time under the Bretwaldas and later the kings of England. The heirs to the Celtic-British throne continued through the Welsh kings of Gwynedd until that line was forced to submit itself to the Plantagenets in the 13th century. Princes and lords of Gwynedd ruled until the reign of Dafydd III, who ruled from 1282 to 1283. His death marked the end of the house of Brutus. Owen Tudor, grandfather of Henry VII of England, was a maternal descendant of the kings of Gwynedd; Henry's marriage with Elizabeth of York thus signified the merging of the two royal houses (as well as the feuding houses of York and Lancaster).

This is a document about House of Tudor
  The Tudors descended from King Edward III on Henry VII's mother's side from John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, one of the children of the 14th century English prince John of Gaunt, the third surviving son of Edward III. Beaufort's mother was Gaunt's long-term mistress Katherine Swynford. The descendants of an illegitimate child of English royalty would normally have no claim on the throne, although Gaunt and Swynford eventually married in 1396, when John Beaufort was 25. The church then retroactively declared the Beauforts legitimate by way of a papal bull the same year, confirmed by an Act of Parliament in 1397. A

This is a document about Tudors of Penmynydd
  issue in November 1558. The throne then went to Elizabeth I, Henry's daughter by Anne Boleyn, who would reign for forty five years. Elizabeth never married and had no issue, so the Tudor dynasty died with her in 1603. In total, five Tudor monarchs ruled England for 118 years, but issues around the Royal succession (including marriage, divorce, and the succession rights of women) became major political themes during the Tudor era. Elizabeth would be succeeded by her cousin, James VI of Scotland, who was doubly great-grandson of the excluded sister of Henry VIII, Margaret. Through him, the later English monarchs would carry Tudor blood.

This is a document about Culture of Wales
  Henry took the throne of England in 1485, at the end of the Wars of the Roses, when his forces defeated those of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Under Henry VIII, son of Henry Tudor, the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 were passed. This Act integrated, in the legal sense, Wales with England. In turn, the Welsh language was banned and stripped from official status or role, abolishing the Welsh legal system in turn. This, for the first time, defined the England-Welsh border. The House of Tudor continued to reign through several successive monarchs until 1603, when James I (James VI of Scotland) took the throne for the House of Stuart; his great grandmother was Margaret Tudor.

This is a document about History of the English penny (1485–1603)
  Henry Tudor, who reigned as King Henry VII between 1485 and 1509, had a rather tenuous claim on the throne, being the Lancastrian claimant via an illegitimate descendant of Edward III when all the more senior candidates had been killed off in the Wars of the Roses. He brought the wars to a conclusion with his 1485 victory at The Battle of Bosworth and subsequently consolidated this power through a variety of means, including his marriage to Elizabeth of York (which united the two warring dynasties.) Henry VII's reign was plagued by pretenders to the throne, whose existence was a result of the King's initially insecure grasp of power. Nevertheless, he was able to subdue each of these attempted usurpers without particular difficulty. The whole style of Henry's coinage marked a break with what had gone

This is a document about Battle of Bosworth Field
  The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the Houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century. Fought on Monday 22 August 1485, the battle was won by an alliance of Lancastrians and disaffected Yorkists. Their leader Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, became the first English monarch of the Tudor dynasty by his victory and subsequent marriage to a Yorkist princess. His opponent Richard III, the last king of the House of York, was killed during the battle, the last English monarch to die in combat. Historians consider Bosworth Field to mark the end of

This is a document about List of English monarchs
  VI. When the House of Lancaster fell from power, the Tudors followed. By the late 15th century, the Tudors were the last hope for the Lancaster supporters. Edmund Tudor's son became king as Henry VII after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, winning the Wars of the Roses. King Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thereby uniting the Lancastrian and York lineages. (See family tree.) With Henry VIII's break from the Roman Catholic Church, the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England and of the Church of Ireland. Elizabeth I's title became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

This is a document about Wars of the Roses
  threats to his reign. In 1490, Perkin Warbeck claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Edward IV's second son and rival claimant to the throne, but was executed before any rebellion could be launched. The House of Tudor ruled England until 1603. The reign of the Tudor dynasty saw the strengthening of the prestige and power of the English monarchy, particularly under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, and the end of the medieval period in England which subsequently saw the dawn of the English Renaissance. Historian John Guy argued that "England was economically healthier, more expansive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the Roman occupation.

This is a document about Tudors of Penmynydd
  This is an article on the lineage of the Tudor family of Penmynydd, Anglesey. The coronation and lives of the Tudor family members in England are covered in a separate article House of Tudor. The Tudors of Penmynydd (Tuduriaid Penmynydd) were a noble and aristocratic family, connected with the village of Penmynydd in Anglesey, North Wales, who were very influential in Welsh (and later English) politics. From this family arose Owen Tudor and thereby the Tudor dynasty, that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. The Tudor dynasty came to an end in the 17th century.

This is a document about Stoke Golding
  Stoke Golding's unique historical claim to fame is that in 1485 the people of the village witnessed the unofficial rural coronation of Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch. His defeat of King Richard III, last of the Plantagenets, at the Battle of Bosworth marked the end of the Wars of the Roses, and heralded the accession to the throne of the Tudor dynasty of three Kings and two Queens. In so doing Stoke Golding claims to be the "Birthplace of the Tudor Dynasty". After Henry Tudor was victorious over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, which took place in the healthy marshland known as the Redemore between Stoke Golding, Dadlington, Shenton and Sutton Cheney, Henry's entourage retired to hilly ground near the village of Stoke Golding. Here the impromptu coronation of King Henry VII was

This is a document about Timeline of British diplomatic history
 Henry VII becomes king (1485–1509), founding the Tudor dynasty and ending the long civil war called "Wars of the Roses". His foreign policy involves an alliance with Spain, cemented by the marriage of his son Arthur to the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon. However, after 5 months, Arthur dies at the age of 15. Henry VII reverses the Plantagenet policy of acquiring more French territory; he generally pursues a more defensive, Anglo-centric policy ; 1485–1509: The king promotes the woolen trade with Netherlands; helps English merchants compete with the Hanseatic League; sends John Cabot to explore the New World (1497); launches the Royal Navy ; 1489–91: England sends three

The Tudor dynasty came to an end with the death of Queen Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603.


Question: what word is used to describe an acid or base that can destroy body tissue

Answer: corrosives

This is a document about Corrosive substance
 either strong acids, strong bases, or concentrated solutions of certain weak acids or weak bases. They can exist as any state of matter, including liquids, solids, gases, mists or vapors. Their action on living tissue (e.g. skin, flesh and cornea) is mainly based on acid-base reactions of amide hydrolysis, ester hydrolysis and protein denaturation. Proteins (chemically composed of amide bonds) are destroyed via amide hydrolysis while lipids (which have ester bonds) are decomposed by ester hydrolysis. These reactions lead to chemical burns and are the mechanism of the destruction posed by corrosives. Some corrosives possess other chemical properties which may

This is a document about Corrosive substance
  Common corrosives are either strong acids, strong bases, or concentrated solutions of certain weak acids or weak bases. They can exist as any state of matter, including liquids, solids, gases, mists or vapors. Their action on living tissue (e.g. skin, flesh and cornea) is mainly based on acid-base reactions of amide hydrolysis, ester hydrolysis and protein denaturation. Proteins (chemically composed of amide bonds) are destroyed via amide hydrolysis while lipids (which have ester bonds) are decomposed by ester hydrolysis. These reactions lead to chemical burns and are the mechanism of the destruction posed by corrosives. Some corrosives possess other chemical properties which may extend their corrosive effects on living tissue. For example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at a high concentration is also

This is a document about Corrosive substance
  The word corrosive refers to any chemical that will dissolve the structure of an object. They can be acids, oxidizers, or bases. When they come in contact with a surface, the surface deteriorates. The deterioration can happen in minutes, e.g. concentrated hydrochloric acid spilled on skin; or slowly over days or years, e.g. the rusting of iron in a bridge. Sometimes the word caustic is used as a synonym for corrosive when referring to the effect on living tissues. At low concentrations, a corrosive substance is called an irritant, and its effect on living tissue is called irritation. At high concentrations, a corrosive substance causes a chemical burn, a distinct type of tissue damage. Corrosives are

This is a document about Caustic ingestion
  Acids with a pH of less than 2 or alkalis with a pH above 12 are capable of causing the most extensive injuries in ingestions. Alkalis damage tissue by saponifying fats, leading to liquefaction necrosis which allows the alkalis to reach deeper tissues. Acids denature proteins via coagulation necrosis, this type of necrosis is thought to prevent the acid from reaching deeper tissues. Clinically, the pH, concentration, volume of ingested substance in addition to the duration of time in contact with tissue as well as percentage of body surface area involved determine the severity of the injury.

This is a document about Acidosis
  Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increase in hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to acidity of the blood plasma. The term acidemia describes the state of low blood pH, while acidosis is used to describe the processes leading to these states. Nevertheless, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. The distinction may be relevant where a patient has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis, wherein the relative severity of both determines whether the result is a high, low, or normal pH. Acidemia is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35 (except in the fetus –

This is a document about Chemical burn
 need no source of heat ; occur immediately on contact ; not be immediately evident or noticeable ; be extremely painful ; diffuse into tissue and damage cellular structures under skin without immediately apparent damage to skin surface A chemical burn occurs when living tissue is exposed to a corrosive substance (such as a strong acid, base or oxidizer) or a cytotoxic agent (such as mustard gas, lewisite or arsine). Chemical burns follow standard burn classification and may cause extensive tissue damage. The main types of irritant and/or corrosive products are: acids, bases, oxidizers / reducing agents, solvents, and alkylants. Additionally, chemical burns can be caused by some types of cytotoxic chemical weapons, e.g., vesicants such as mustard gas and Lewisite, or urticants such as phosgene oxime. Chemical burns may:

This is a document about PH
  fluids, and organs is usually tightly regulated in a process called acid–base homeostasis. The most common disorder in acid–base homeostasis is acidosis, which means an acid overload in the body, generally defined by pH falling below 7.35. Alkalosis is the opposite condition, with blood pH being excessively high. The pH of blood is usually slightly basic with a value of pH 7.365. This value is often referred to as physiological pH in biology and medicine. Plaque can create a local acidic environment that can result in tooth decay by demineralization. Enzymes and other proteins have an optimum pH range and can become inactivated or denatured outside this range.

This is a document about Sulfuric acid
  Sulfuric acid is capable of causing very severe burns, especially when it is at high concentrations. In common with other corrosive acids and alkali, it readily decomposes proteins and lipids through amide and ester hydrolysis upon contact with living tissues, such as skin and flesh. In addition, it exhibits a strong dehydrating property on carbohydrates, liberating extra heat and causing secondary thermal burns. Accordingly, it rapidly attacks the cornea and can induce permanent blindness if splashed onto eyes. If ingested, it damages internal organs irreversibly and may even be fatal. Protective equipment should hence always be used when handling it. Moreover, its strong oxidizing property makes it highly corrosive to many metals and may extend its destruction on other materials. Because of such reasons, damage posed by sulfuric acid is potentially more severe

This is a document about Acid attack
   An acid attack, also called acid throwing, vitriol attack, or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault involving the act of throwing acid or a similarly corrosive substance onto the body of another "with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill". Perpetrators of these attacks throw corrosive liquids at their victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones. Acid attacks can often lead to permanent blindness. The most common types of acid used in these attacks are sulfuric and nitric acid. Hydrochloric acid is sometimes used but is much less damaging. Aqueous solutions of strongly alkaline materials, such as caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), are used as well, particularly in areas where

This is a document about Nitric acid
  Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. The major hazard posed by it is chemical burns, as it carries out acid hydrolysis with proteins (amide) and fats (ester), which consequently decomposes living tissue (e.g. skin and flesh). Concentrated nitric acid stains human skin yellow due to its reaction with the keratin. These yellow stains turn orange when neutralized. Systemic effects are unlikely, however, and the substance is not considered a carcinogen or mutagen. The standard first-aid treatment for acid spills on the skin is, as for other corrosive agents, irrigation with large quantities of water. Washing is continued for at least 10–15 minutes to cool the tissue surrounding the acid burn and to prevent secondary damage. Contaminated clothing is removed immediately and the underlying skin washed thoroughly. Being a strong oxidizing agent, nitric acid can react with compounds such as cyanides, carbides, or metallic powders explosively and with many organic compounds, such as turpentine, violently and hypergolically (i.e. self-igniting). Hence, it should be stored away from bases and organics.

This is a document about Acid attack
  agent. The acid can rapidly eat away skin, the layer of fat beneath the skin, and in some cases even the underlying bone. Eyelids and lips may be completely destroyed and the nose and ears severely damaged. Though not exhaustive, Acid Survivors Foundation Uganda findings included: In addition to these above-mentioned medical effects, acid attack victims face the possibility of sepsis, kidney failure, skin depigmentation, and even death. A 2015 attack that involved throwing sulfuric acid on a man's face and body while he lay in bed caused him, among other serious injuries, to become paralyzed from the neck down.

This is a document about Eschar
 inorganic reagents, such as strong acids and alkalis, or cytotoxic salts of heavy metals, for example zinc or silver ; organic compounds such as sanguinarine, salicylic acid, and certain medicines like imiquimod ; irritant or corrosive fluids from plants, such as latex or resins from various species of Ficus, Euphorbia, Carica, or Taraxacum ; refrigerants, which kill the tissue by freezing; examples include liquid nitrogen, solid carbon dioxide, and its solution in ether An escharotic is a substance that kills unwanted or diseased tissue, usually skin or superficial growths like warts, leaving them to slough off. Examples include: Escharotics have long been used in medicine. In conventional modern practice some

This is a document about Glossary of civil engineering
  its acceleration. acid: A molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid). acid-base reaction: A chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base, which can be used to determine pH. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. acid strength: The tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula HA, to dissociate into a proton, H+, and an anion, A−.

This is a document about Glossary of biology
  on the medical aspects. pathogen: In the broadest sense, anything that can produce, though the term is most commonly used to refer specifically to an infectious such as a, , , or another microbial agent which causes disease for a organism by invading the host's tissues. pathology: A medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as and, as well as, using the tools of chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology, and molecular pathology. pH: A numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of an aqueous solution. It is roughly the negative of the logarithm to

This is a document about Heart rate
  ultimately to fail. Heart muscle relies exclusively on aerobic metabolism for energy. Severe myocardial infarction (commonly called a heart attack) can lead to a decreasing heart rate, since metabolic reactions fueling heart contraction are restricted. Acidosis is a condition in which excess hydrogen ions are present, and the patient's blood expresses a low pH value. Alkalosis is a condition in which there are too few hydrogen ions, and the patient's blood has an elevated pH. Normal blood pH falls in the range of 7.35–7.45, so a number lower than this range represents acidosis and a higher number represents alkalosis. Enzymes, being the regulators or

This is a document about Violence against women
 Interview with Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy one of the directors the documentary "Saving Face". Acid throwing, also called acid attack, or vitriolage, is defined as the act of throwing acid onto the body of a person "with the intention of injuring or disfiguring [them] out of jealousy or revenge". The most common types of acid used in these attacks are sulfuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid. Perpetrators of these attacks throw acid at their victims, usually at their faces, burning them, and damaging skin tissue, often exposing and sometimes dissolving the bones. The long term consequences of these attacks include blindness and permanent scarring of the face and body. Women and girls are the victims in 75-80% of cases. Acid attacks are often connected to domestic disputes, including dowry disputes, and refusal of a proposal of marriage, or of sexual advances. Such attacks are common in South Asia, in countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India; and in Southeast Asia, especially in Cambodia. Articles:

This is a document about Stroke
  is an acid and disrupts the normal acid-base balance in the brain. The ischemia area is referred to as the "ischemic penumbra". As oxygen or glucose becomes depleted in ischemic brain tissue, the production of high energy phosphate compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fails, leading to failure of energy-dependent processes (such as ion pumping) necessary for tissue cell survival. This sets off a series of interrelated events that result in cellular injury and death. A major cause of neuronal injury is the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. The concentration of glutamate outside the cells of the nervous system is normally kept low by so-called

This is a document about Respiratory acidosis
 Acidosis refers to disorders that lower cell/tissue pH to < 7.35. ; Acidemia refers to an arterial pH < 7.36.

This is a document about Decomposition
  instance, if the person was flat on their back when they died, the blood would collect in the parts that are touching the ground. If the person was hanging, it would collect in their fingertips, toes, and earlobes. Once the heart stops, the blood can no longer supply oxygen or remove carbon dioxide from the tissues. The resulting decrease in pH and other chemical changes causes cells to lose their structural integrity, bringing about the release of cellular enzymes capable of initiating the breakdown of surrounding cells and tissues. This process is known as autolysis. Visible changes caused by decomposition are limited during the fresh stage, although autolysis may cause

This is a document about Sodium hydroxide
 2 Al + 6 NaOH -> 3 H2 + 2 Na3AlO3 ; 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O -> 3 H2 + 2 NaAlO2 ; 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 H2O -> 3 H2 + 2 NaAl(OH)4  Like other corrosive acids and alkalis, drops of sodium hydroxide solutions can readily decompose proteins and lipids in living tissues via amide hydrolysis and ester hydrolysis, which consequently cause chemical burns and may induce permanent blindness upon contact with eyes. Solid alkali can also express its corrosive nature if there is water, such as water vapor. Thus, protective equipment, like rubber gloves, safety clothing and eye protection, should always

The word used to describe an acid or base that can destroy body tissue is "corrosive." Corrosive substances are strong acids or bases that can cause chemical burns by denaturing proteins and destroying lipids in the skin.


Question: where was back to the future three filmed

Answer: Monument Valley

This is a document about Back to the Future Part III
 he wanted to visit the Old West and meet cowboys. Zemeckis and writer/producer Bob Gale were intrigued by the idea, but held it off until "Part III". Rather than use existing sets, the filmmakers built the 1885 Hill Valley from scratch. The western scenes were filmed on location in Monument Valley. Some of the location shooting for the 1885 Hill Valley was done in Jamestown, California, and on a purpose-built set at the Red Hills Ranch near Sonora, California. Some of the train scenes were filmed at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park, a heritage line in Jamestown. Whereas the original

This is a document about Hill Valley (Back to the Future)
 to the Future Part III", Hill Valley 1885 was filmed in Sonora, California. The producers were able to use the land rent-free under an agreement to leave the set buildings on site. All buildings except the clock tower were left intact after production completed. On November 6, 1990, an arson fire on the Universal Studios Hollywood backlot destroyed much of Courthouse Square, the setting in which all the other time periods were filmed. However, the Courthouse itself survived the devastation and other facades were reconstructed. Another fire on September 6, 1997 again damaged Courthouse Square. Once again, the backlot facades

This is a document about Back to the Future Part III
  done in Jamestown, California, and on a purpose-built set at the Red Hills Ranch near Sonora, California. Some of the train scenes were filmed at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park, a heritage line in Jamestown. Whereas the original film played to a more materialistic idea of success, Zemeckis considered Part III more of a "human journey" with spiritual overtones. The shooting of the Back to the Future sequels, which were shot back-to-back throughout 1989, reunited much of the crew of the original. The films were shot over the course of 11 months, save for a three-week hiatus between filming of Parts II and III and concluded in

This is a document about Back to the Future
  times by studios because it was not considered raunchy enough to compete with the successful comedies of the era. A development deal was secured following Zemeckis' success directing Romancing the Stone (1984). Fox was the first choice to portray Marty, but he was unavailable; Eric Stoltz was cast instead. Shortly after principal photography began in November 1984, Zemeckis determined Stoltz was not right for the part and made the concessions necessary to hire Fox. This included re-filming scenes already shot with Stoltz and adding $4million to the budget. Back to the Future was filmed in and around California and on sets at Universal Studios. Filming concluded the following April. Replacing Stoltz delayed production and the film's release date but, following highly successful test screenings,

This is a document about Back to the Future Part III
  The origins of the western theme for Back to the Future Part III lie in the production of the original film. During filming for the original, director Zemeckis asked Michael J. Fox what time period he would like to see. Fox replied that he wanted to visit the Old West and meet cowboys. Zemeckis and writer/producer Bob Gale were intrigued by the idea, but held it off until Part III. Rather than use existing sets, the filmmakers built the 1885 Hill Valley from scratch. The western scenes were filmed on location in Oak Park, California, and Monument Valley. Some of the location shooting for the 1885 Hill Valley

This is a document about Hill Valley (Back to the Future)
  Saab EV-1, Citroën DS 21, Pontiac Banshee Concept, Pontiac Fiero and Volkswagen Beetle. Cars reused from other science fiction films include the "Star Car" from The Last Starfighter (1984) and a "Spinner" from Blade Runner (1982). Griff's car is a modified BMW 633 (which was notably never in the convertible form seen in the film). For Back to the Future Part III, Hill Valley 1885 was filmed in Sonora, California. The producers were able to use the land rent-free under an agreement to leave the set buildings on site. All buildings except the clock tower were left intact after production completed. On November 6, 1990, an

This is a document about Hill Valley (Back to the Future)
  For Back to the Future, the producers considered filming the town square scenes in the real city of Petaluma, California, but soon realized it would be prohibitively expensive and impractical to alter a real place to suit the different eras. Instead filming was completed on the Universal Studios backlot, where they had more control. The town square set, once called Mockingbird Square after the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird but now known as Courthouse Square, had been used for many films and television shows dating back to 1948's An Act of Murder. One notable example is the very first episode of the sci-fi series The

This is a document about Puente Hills Mall
  Puente Hills Mall served as a filming location for the fictional Twin Pines Mall (later Lone Pine Mall) in the 1985 film Back to the Future. In the film, Doc Brown (Christopher Lloyd) uses the mall's south parking lot (visible in the above photograph) to stage his time travel experiments with the DeLorean time machine. The JCPenney and Robinson's stores feature prominently in the background. A Ross Dress for Less store can be seen in a strip mall across the street. The scenes were filmed in January 1985. According to the DVD audio commentary, screenplay writer Bob Gale says that several fans gathered at the Puente Hills Mall in the early hours of October 26, 1985, the date given in the film as the present day, to see if anything would happen. Puente Hills Mall featured replicas of the Twin Pines Mall sign, the time machine, and Dr. E. Brown Enterprises truck in its parking lot in October 2015.

This is a document about Hill Valley (Back to the Future)
  According to an 1885 Central Pacific Railroad map in Back to the Future Part III, Hill Valley is located in Northern California in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Dialogue in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III places it in "Hill County", a fictional county in California.

This is a document about Back to the Future (franchise)
  of the date, with many playing to the depiction of the future in the film, including: Cast members appeared on Today and Jimmy Kimmel Live! on October 21, 2015. Nearly 2,000 theaters worldwide showed back-to-back screenings of the Back to the Future trilogy on October 21 and continuing through that weekend, which earned over $4.8M in single day ticket sales. Universal Studios offered location tours of the various filming locations around the date. The town of Reston, Virginia, temporarily changed its name to "Hill Valley" to commemorate the series during its annual film festival. Esquire Network aired the trilogy all day that day, plus all weekend.

This is a document about Back to the Future Part III
  Back to the Future Part III is a 1990 American science fiction Western film and the third and final installment of the Back to the Future trilogy. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis, and stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson and Lea Thompson. The film continues immediately following Back to the Future Part II (1989); while stranded in 1955 during his time travel adventures, Marty McFly (Fox) discovers that his friend Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), trapped in 1885, was killed by Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen (Wilson), Biff's great-grandfather. Marty travels to 1885 to rescue Doc and return once again to 1985, but matters are complicated when Doc falls in love with Clara Clayton (Steenburgen). Back to the Future Part III was filmed in California and Arizona, and was produced on a $40 million budget back-to-back with Part II. Part III was released in the United States on May 25, 1990, six months after the previous installment, and grossed $244 million worldwide during its initial run, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1990. It received a positive response from critics, who noted it as an improvement over its predecessor.

This is a document about Transformers: Dark of the Moon
  the former city hall in Detroit. On October 16, a flashback scene that takes place in the later 1960s was shot at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, using extras with period fashion and hairstyles. One day of shooting was also spent at the Angkor Wat temple complex in Cambodia. Other planned filming locations included Africa and China. Though about 70% of the film's live action footage was shot in 3-D using Arri Alexa and Sony F35 cameras, more than half of the film still had to be converted into 3-D in post production to fix technical flaws that 3-D filming produces. Other footage that needed to be converted into 3-D in post production was either entirely

This is a document about List of films set in Los Angeles
 Back to the Future Part III (Universal City, California) ; Internal Affairs ; Predator 2 ; Pretty Woman ; To Sleep with Anger ; The Two Jakes

This is a document about Back to the Future (franchise)
  Back to the Future is an American science fiction comedy franchise written by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, directed by Zemeckis and produced by Gale and Neil Canton for Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, and distributed by Universal Pictures. The franchise follows the adventures of a high school student, Marty McFly (Michael J. Fox), an eccentric scientist, Doctor Emmett "Doc" Brown (Christopher Lloyd), and, in the third film, Clara Clayton (Mary Steenburgen), a schoolteacher, as they use a DeLorean time machine to time travel to different periods in the history of Hill Valley, California. The first film was the highest-grossing film of 1985 and became an international phenomenon,

This is a document about Back in Time (2015 film)
  Back in Time began as a project conceived by Jason Aron, a fan of the Back to the Future series, that was posted to the crowdfunding website Kickstarter on June 26, 2013. Over 600 people backed the campaign, pledging over $45,000 in order for the documentary to be made. The film was shot over a period of two years; while production primarily took place in the United States, another filming location was that of London, England during a Back to the Future fan event. The film was released online on October 21, 2015, the day that the series' protagonist Marty McFly travels to in Back to the Future Part II. Shortly after its release, the documentary was added to the Netflix streaming service.

This is a document about Final Destination 3
  Like the first two installments of the franchise, Final Destination 3 was filmed in Vancouver, Canada. The Corkscrew roller coaster at Vancouver's Playland was the Devil's Flight coaster depicted in the film. Winstead and Merriman said the filming took three months with the first two weeks were spent shooting the roller coaster derailment. The rest of the filming was done out of sequence. Filming wrapped in July, but viewers at early screenings reacted negatively to the ending. This led to the filming of a new ending sequence featuring a subway train derailment in November 2005.  The death scenes required varying degrees of 2D and 3D graphic enhancement. The roller coaster scene necessitated 144 visual-effect shots. Custom-designed coaster cars were built and modified for the

This is a document about Terra Nova (TV series)
  returned to London. Alex Graves signed on to direct the pilot. Brannon Braga and René Echevarria served as showrunners. Australia was chosen after Spielberg vetoed Hawaii because he wanted a different filming location from his 1993 film Jurassic Park. The two-hour pilot was filmed over 26 days in late November to December 2010. It was shot in south-east Queensland, Australia, with locations in Brisbane, the Gold Coast, and the Gold Coast Hinterland, namely Bonogin. The shoot was plagued by torrential rain and additional material had to be shot in 2011, with a total estimated cost of US$14 million to be amortized

This is a document about Burbank, California
  several other features and television shows. In 2002, a fire broke out on Disney's Burbank lot, damaging a sound stage where a set was under construction for Disney's feature film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003). No one was injured in the blaze. While filming Apollo 13 (1995) and Coach Carter (2005), the producers shot scenes at Burbank's Safari Inn Motel. True Romance (1993) also filmed on location at the motel. Back to the Future (1985) shot extensively on the Universal Studios backlot but also filmed band audition scenes at the Burbank Community Center. San Fernando

This is a document about Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
  Parts of the third film were shot during location filming of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, a long shoot which finished on March 1, 2006. During August 2005, the Singapore sequence was shot. The set was built on Stage 12 of the Universal Studios backlot, and comprised 40 structures within an 80 by 130-foot (24 by 40-m) tank that was 3+1/2 ft deep. As 18th century Singapore is not a well-documented era, the filmmakers chose to use an Expressionist style based on Chinese and Malaysian cities of the same period. The design of the city was also intended by Verbinski to parody spa culture, with fungi growing throughout the set. Continuing

Back to the Future Part III was filmed on location in Sonora, California, at Jamestown, California, and at the Railtown 1897 State Historic Park in Sonora. Some scenes were also filmed at the Red Hills Ranch near Sonora and at a purpose-built set at the Jamestown Heritage Center.


Question: who played the devil in storm of the century

Answer: Colm Feore

This is a document about Storm of the Century
 the island is blocked, and no one is able to leave the island until the storm is over. While trying to deal with the storm, tragedy strikes when one of the town's residents is brutally murdered by André Linoge (Colm Feore), a menacing stranger who appears to know the town members' darkest secrets, and who gives no hint of his motives other than the cryptic statement "Give me what I want, and I'll go away." Linoge is imprisoned in the town's holding cell by part-time constable Michael Anderson (Timothy Daly), but he uses his various abilities to affect the town,

This is a document about 1999 Toronto International Film Festival
 Children of the Century by Diane Kurys ; All the Rage by James D. Stern ; Annaluise & Anton by Caroline Link ; The Best Man by Malcolm D. Lee ; The Big Kahuna by John Swanbeck ; Black and White by James Toback ; Breakfast of Champions by Alan Rudolph ; Dogma by Kevin Smith ; Forever Mine by Paul Schrader ; Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai by Jim Jarmusch ; Grass by Ron Mann ; Gregory's Two Girls by Bill Forsyth ; History is Made at Night by Ilkka Jarvilaturi ; The Hurricane by Norman Jewison ; Joe the King by

This is a document about Storm of the Century
  Storm of the Century aired on ABC on February 14–18, 1999. It was released on DVD on June 22 the same year. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 7.33/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Chilling performances and an even darker moral dilemma shelter Storm of the Century 's somewhat long-winded tale from ever being anything less than watchable." U.S. Television Ratings:

This is a document about Colm Feore
  crazed marketing executive imposter in the second season of the Canadian TV series, Slings and Arrows, a role that continued for several episodes. The show has run in the United States on the Sundance Channel. Outside Canada, Feore has appeared in numerous film, theatre and television roles. He is perhaps most famous in the United States for his supporting roles in such Hollywood films as Pearl Harbor, The Sum of All Fears, Paycheck, and The Chronicles of Riddick. In 1999, he appeared in Stephen King's Storm of the Century as the powerful ancient wizard Andre Linoge. He was the crooked Los Angeles Police Chief James E. Davis in

This is a document about Storm of the Century
  Storm of the Century, alternatively known as Stephen King's Storm of the Century, is a 1999 American horror television miniseries written by Stephen King and directed by Craig R. Baxley. Unlike many other television adaptations of King's work, Storm of the Century was not based on a novel but was an original screenplay written by the author and directly produced for television. King described the screenplay as a "novel for television." The screenplay was published as a mass-market book in February 1999 prior to the TV broadcast of the mini-series. King has called Storm of the Century his personal favorite of all the TV productions related to his works.

This is a document about Ride with the Devil (film)
  Ride with the Devil is a 1999 American Revisionist Western film directed by Ang Lee and starring Tobey Maguire, Skeet Ulrich, Jeffrey Wright, and Jewel in her feature film debut. Based on the novel Woe to Live On, by Daniel Woodrell, the film, set during the American Civil War, follows a group of men who join the First Missouri Irregulars, also known as the Bushwhackers—guerrilla units loyal to pro-Confederacy units of the state—and their attempt to disrupt and marginalize the political activities of Northern Jayhawkers allied with Union soldiers. Simon Baker, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Jonathan Brandis, Jim Caviezel, Mark Ruffalo, and Celia Weston are featured in supporting performances. The film

This is a document about David Niven
  James David Graham Niven (1 March 1910 – 29 July 1983) was a British actor, memoirist, and novelist. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance as Major Pollock in Separate Tables (1958). Other noted roles included Squadron Leader Peter Carter in A Matter of Life and Death, Phileas Fogg in Around the World in 80 Days, Sir Charles Lytton ("the Phantom") in The Pink Panther, and James Bond in Casino Royale (1967). Born in London, Niven attended Heatherdown Preparatory School and Stowe School before gaining a place at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After Sandhurst, he joined the British Army and was commissioned as

This is a document about Orion Pictures
  Kluge it doesn't matter. He probably burns that up in a weekend." In 1989, Orion suffered from a disastrous slate of films, placing themselves dead last among the larger Hollywood studios in terms of box office revenue. Among its biggest flops that year were Great Balls of Fire!, the biography of Jerry Lee Lewis starring Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder; She-Devil, a dark comedy starring Meryl Streep and Roseanne Barr; Speed Zone, an action comedy vehicle for SCTV alumni John Candy, Joe Flaherty, and Eugene Levy; and Miloš Forman's adaptation of Les Liaisons dangereuses, Valmont, which competed with Dangerous Liaisons, also based

This is a document about The Devil's Advocate (1997 film)
  Al Pacino had previously been offered the Devil role in attempts at adapting Neiderman's novel, but before final rewrites, rejected it on three occasions, for the clichéd nature of the character. Pacino suggested Robert Redford and Sean Connery for the role. Keanu Reeves chose to star in Devil's Advocate over Speed 2, despite a promised $11 million for the sequel to his 1994 hit Speed; according to Reeves' staff, the actor was averse to performing in two consecutive action films after Chain Reaction (1996). On Devil's Advocate, Reeves agreed to a pay cut worth millions of dollars so that the producers could meet Pacino's salary demands. To prepare for the role, Pacino watched the 1941 film The Devil and Daniel Webster and observed tips from Walter Huston as Mr. Scratch. He also read Dante's Inferno and Paradise Lost. Connie Nielsen, a Danish actress, was selected by Hackford for Christabella, who speaks several languages, with Hackford saying Nielsen already spoke multiple languages. Craig T. Nelson, known for his television work, was cast against type in a villainous role.

This is a document about William Janney
  Who Played God (1932) - First Boy ; The Mouthpiece (1932) - John 'Johnny' Morris ; Two Seconds (1932) - College Boy at Execution ; Crooner (1932) - Pat - Band Member ; A Successful Calamity (1932) - Eddie Wilton ; Under-Cover Man (1932) - Jimmy Madigan ; The Iron Master (1933) - David Stillman ; The Crime of the Century (1933) - Jim Brandt ; Terror Aboard (1933) - Edward Wilson ; Secret of the Blue Room (1933) - Thomas Brandt ; King of the Wild Horses (1933) - Two Feathers ; The World Changes (1933) - Orin Nordholm III ; Should Ladies

This is a document about John Halliday (actor)
 The Devil's Toy (1916) - Paul La France ; The Woman Gives (1920) - Daniel Garford ; The Blue Pearl (1920) - Richard Drake ; The Love Expert (1920) - Jim Winthrop ; Masked Lover (1928) ; East Side Sadie (1929) ; Recaptured Love (1930) - Brentwood Parr ; Scarlet Pages (1930) - John Remington ; Once a Sinner (1931) - Richard Kent ; Captain Applejack (1931) - Ambrose Applejohn ; Millie (1931) - Jimmy Damier ; 50 Million Frenchmen (1931) - Michael Cummins ; Father's Son (1931) - Dr. Franklin ; The Spy (1931) - Sergei Krasnoff ; Transatlantic (1931)

This is a document about Good Omens (TV series)
 Steve Pemberton and Mark Gatiss as Glozier and Harmony respectively, book-buyers for der Führer during World War II ; Reece Shearsmith as William Shakespeare ; David Morrissey as Captain Vincent, the captain of the cruise ship that runs aground on Atlantis ; Simon Merrells as Leslie the International Express Man, a man who helps summon the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse ; Derek Jacobi as the voice of Metatron, the spokesperson for God ; Johnny Vegas as Ron Ormerod ; Andy Hamilton as the voice of Hell's Usher ; Benedict Cumberbatch as Satan, the ruler of Hell. Niall Greig Fulton performs motion-capture for the character while Cumberbatch voices him. The below actors are credited in the opening titles of single episodes in which they play a significant role.

This is a document about 1957 in film
 Alan Arkin – Calypso Heat Wave ; Bruno Cremer – Send a Woman When the Devil Fails ; Alain Delon – Send a Woman When the Devil Fails ; Catherine Deneuve – The Twilight Girls ; Andy Griffith – A Face in the Crowd ; William Hickey – A Hatful of Rain ; Sally Kellerman – Reform School Girl ; George Peppard – The Strange One ; Lee Remick – A Face in the Crowd ; Harry Dean Stanton – Revolt at Fort Laramie ; Liv Ullmann – Fjols til fjells ; Adam West – Voodoo Island ; Öl Goswinski - ''The Real Night

This is a document about The Devil with Hitler
 Alan Mowbray as The Devil, also known as "Gesatan" ; Bobby Watson as Adolf Hitler ; George E. Stone as Suki Yaki ; Joe Devlin as Benito Mussolini ; Marjorie Woodworth as Linda Kraus ; Douglas Fowley as Walter Beeter ; Herman Bing as Louis ; Sig Arno as Julius

This is a document about Masane Tsukayama
  Mask (D'Artagnan) ; End of Days (2001 TV Asahi edition) (Satan) ; Emmett's Mark (Jack Marlow/Stephen Bracken) ; Shade (Charlie Miller) ; Apollo 13 (1999 NTV edition) (Gene Kranz (Ed Harris)) ; Black Hawk Down (2004 TV Tokyo edition) (William F. Garrison (Sam Shepard)) ; Bram Stoker's Dracula (Count Dracula (Gary Oldman)) ; Casablanca (2000 TV Tokyo edition) (Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart)) ; Chicago (Billy Flynn (Richard Gere)) ; Das Boot (1983 Fuji TV edition) (1st Watch Officer (Hubertus Bengsch)) ; Dracula (1982 TV Asahi edition) (Jonathan Harker (Trevor Eve)) ; Drunken Master (Thunderleg Yen Tie Hsin / Thunderfoot (Hwang Jang-lee)) ; Exorcist: The Beginning (Father Lankester Merrin (Stellan Skarsgård)) ; Fist of Fury (Chen

This is a document about Leslie Howard
  Leslie Howard Steiner (3 April 1893 – 1 June 1943) was an English actor, director and producer. He also wrote many stories and articles for The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Vanity Fair and was one of the biggest box-office draws and movie idols of the 1930s. Active in both Britain and Hollywood, Howard is probably best remembered for playing Ashley Wilkes in Gone with the Wind (1939). He had roles in many other notable films, often playing the quintessential Englishman, including Berkeley Square (1933), Of Human Bondage (1934), The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934), The Petrified Forest (1936), Pygmalion (1938), Intermezzo (1939), "Pimpernel" Smith (1941), and

This is a document about Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese
  side when he takes time to pay an unscheduled visit to record company executives to insure rapid release of his new song "Hurricane", the musician's contribution to efforts to exonerate Ruben "Hurricane" Carter, a celebrated boxer wrongfully convicted of murder. Documentary footage of the meeting is followed by a scene in which actor Michael Murphy, in his signature role as U.S. representative Jack Tanner (in the Robert Altman film "Tanner 88"), delivers a tall tale that credits the fictional Tanner with persuading President Jimmie Carter to intervene on the boxer's behalf. Despite this fictional interlude, as "Rolling Thunder Re-vue"

This is a document about Niall MacGinnis
 a German U-boat sailor in the British war film 49th Parallel (1941) ; Captain MacMorris in Henry V (1944) ; the title character in the film Martin Luther (1953) ; the villain Julian Karswell opposite American actor Dana Andrews in the British horror film Night of the Demon (1957, released in the United States as Curse of the Demon) ; Zeus in Jason and the Argonauts (1963) Among his more notable film roles are: On television, he played the arch-criminal A. J. Kent in the Danger Man episode "Battle of The Cameras" and Colonel Probst in The Saint episode "The Paper Chase".

This is a document about Charles Laughton
  York stage debut in 1931 immediately led to film offers and Laughton's first Hollywood film, The Old Dark House (1932) with Boris Karloff, in which he played a bluff Yorkshire businessman marooned during a storm with other travelers in a creepy remote Welsh manor. He then played a demented submarine commander in Devil and the Deep with Tallulah Bankhead, Gary Cooper and Cary Grant, and followed this with his best-remembered film role of that year as Nero in Cecil B. DeMille's The Sign of the Cross. Laughton turned out other memorable performances during that first Hollywood trip, repeating his stage role as a

This is a document about Jack Angel
 Deal of the Century — Announcer ; Funny Lady — Radio Announcer ; The World's Greatest Lover — Voice on Record ; Trenchcoat — Head Kidnapper ; Joey (film) — Fletcher the Dummy ; Beetlejuice — Voice of The Preacher ; Hook — Pirates (ADR) ; Mom and Dad Save the World — Creature Voice (uncredited) ; Ticks — (ADR) ; The Fifth Element — Alien Commander ; Vendetta — Old Gaspare (ADR) ; A.I. Artificial Intelligence — Teddy ; Looney Tunes: Back in Action — The Crusher ; This is the End — Looping Voice Talent (uncredited) ; Noah — Rock (ADR) (uncredited)

André Linoge, played by Colm Feore, is the character who is referred to as the devil in "Storm of the Century."


Question: where did the rams play before st louis

Answer: Los Angeles

This is a document about History of the St. Louis Rams
 History of the St. Louis Rams The professional American football franchise now known as the Los Angeles Rams played in St. Louis, Missouri, as the St. Louis Rams from the 1995 through the 2015 seasons before relocating back to Los Angeles where the team had played from the 1946 season to the 1994 season. The Rams franchise relocated from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, which had been without a National Football League (NFL) team since the Cardinals moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1988. The Rams’ first home game in St. Louis was at Busch Memorial Stadium against the

This is a document about 2004 St. Louis Rams season
 2004 St. Louis Rams season The 2004 St. Louis Rams season was the team’s 67th year with the National Football League and the tenth season in St. Louis. Although the Rams’ record was good enough to qualify for the postseason, they did so without posting a winning record. Statistics site Football Outsiders calculates that the 2004 Rams were, play-for-play, the worst team to make the playoffs in the site's rating history. This was also the last time the Rams made the playoffs until 2017, when the franchise returned to Los Angeles; thus, this was the team’s final playoff appearance in

This is a document about History of the Los Angeles Rams
 History of the Los Angeles Rams The Los Angeles Rams are a professional American football team that play in the National Football League (NFL). The Rams franchise was founded in 1936 as the Cleveland Rams in the short-lived second American Football League before joining the NFL the next year. In 1946, the franchise moved to Los Angeles. The Rams franchise remained in the metro area until 1994, when they moved to St. Louis, and were known as the St. Louis Rams from 1995 to 2015. The Rams franchise returned to Los Angeles in 2016. This article chronicles the franchise's history

This is a document about 2003 St. Louis Rams season
 be the last time the Rams won the NFC West until the 2017 NFL season. For the first time in 19 years, the Rams lost a playoff game at home. 2003 was also the last winning season that the Rams would achieve in St. Louis and was their last winning season anywhere until 2017 in Los Angeles. They did make the playoffs the following season despite a mediocre 8-8 record. Bulger was voted to play in the Pro Bowl following the season and was the game's MVP. As for Kurt Warner, he was released after the season in order to

This is a document about 2015 St. Louis Rams season
 the Rams record improved to 7-8, riding a 3-game winning streak. This Rams faced the 49ers in the season in what was their final game as the St. Louis Rams before moving to Los Angeles. Unlike in Week 8 at home, the Rams lost the game 16-19 in overtime. The Rams were without Todd Gurley, who suffered a foot injury in the third quarter of Week 16's win at Seattle. With that loss, the Rams finished the 2015 NFL season at 7-9, making the season the ninth consecutive losing season for the Rams in St. Louis. 2015 St. Louis Rams

This is a document about Eddie (film)
 coached by John Bailey, in the last game of the season. The night before the game, Burgess tells Eddie that if the Knicks win, he will sell the team to a group that intends to relocate the team to St. Louis, Missouri (this is a veiled reference to Georgia Frontiere's similar move of the Los Angeles Rams to St. Louis upon her assumption of the Rams ownership in 1995). A conflicted Eddie doesn't show to the game until right before tip-off. During the game, Hornets forward Larry Johnson proves difficult to contain, but strong play from Wilson keeps the score

This is a document about 2015 St. Louis Rams season
 2015 St. Louis Rams season The St. Louis Rams season was the franchise's 78th season in the National Football League and the fourth under head coach Jeff Fisher. It was also the 21st and final season that the team resided in St. Louis, Missouri, its home since the 1995 season. After the Rams finished last in attendance for the 2015 season, and an arbitral tribunal gave permission for the Rams to void their lease on the Edward Jones Dome, Rams owner Stan Kroenke filed a formal application with the league to relocate the Rams to Los Angeles, California, where the

This is a document about Los Angeles Rams
 in 1980. After the 1994 NFL season, the Rams left California and moved east to St. Louis, Missouri. Five seasons after relocating, the team won Super Bowl XXXIV in a 23–16 victory over the Tennessee Titans. They appeared again in Super Bowl XXXVI, where they lost 20–17 to the New England Patriots. The Rams continued to play in Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis until the end of the 2015 NFL season, when the team filed notice with the NFL of its intent to pursue a relocation back to Los Angeles. The move was approved by a 30–2 margin at

This is a document about 2006 St. Louis Rams season
 take on the Oakland Raiders, who, just like the Rams, used to play in the city of Los Angeles. After a scoreless first quarter, St. Louis struck first in the second quarter with kicker Jeff Wilkins nailing a 24-yard and a 34-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Rams increased their lead with RB Steven Jackson's 4-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, St. Louis wrapped up the win with Jackson's 19-yard TD run. With the win, the Rams improved their record to 6–8. It was the first Rams shutout win since 2003. Coming off their dominating road win

This is a document about Los Angeles Rams
 tier" negotiations failed to produce a solution to keep the Rams in St. Louis long term. On December 17, 2015, the Rams defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 31-23 at the Edward Jones Dome in what would be their final home game in St. Louis; their last game as the St. Louis Rams came two weeks later on the road against the San Francisco 49ers before moving back to Los Angeles the next season. Fans in St. Louis claimed Stan Kroenke, a Missouri native, as well as Kevin Demoff lied to the fans about their wishes to keep the Rams in

This is a document about St. Louis All-Stars
 the All-Stars franchise. St. Louis would later become a stop for other NFL teams: the St. Louis Gunners very briefly joined the NFL at the end of the 1934 season, the St. Louis Cardinals relocated from Chicago to play in the city from 1960 to 1987 (when the team moved to Arizona), and the St. Louis Rams came to the city (formerly from Los Angeles) in 1995 to 2015 when the Rams returned to Los Angeles. St. Louis All-Stars St. Louis All-Stars was a professional football team that played in the National Football League during the 1923 season. The team

This is a document about History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)
 the 1988 NFL season. The NFL returned to St. Louis in 1995, when the Los Angeles Rams relocated there. The Cardinals and Rams became divisional rivals in 2002 after the NFL realigned from six divisions to eight; this meant that the Cardinals, now in the NFC West, would play one game in St. Louis annually until the 2015 season, when the Rams announced that they were relocating in 2016 to Los Angeles for the second time (the first being from Cleveland in 1946) which meant St. Louis became the first city to have lost two NFL teams that have relocated

This is a document about 2015 St. Louis Rams season
 The "Color Rush" jerseys was used for this game. It was the first time the Rams wore the Color Rush Jersey. In what ultimately turned out to be their final game played in St. Louis, before returning to Los Angeles for next season, Rams fans were seen holding signs saying, "Keep the Rams in St. Louis" and chants of "Keep the Rams" were heard after the game. Despite offensive production from Tampa Bay, the Rams still managed a 31-23 victory and went to 6-8 with Case Keenum throwing for 234 yards and 2 touchdowns, Todd Gurley rushing 48 yards, Tavon

This is a document about National Football League rivalries
 in the 1970s as the two California-based teams (the Rams then play their home games in Los Angeles whereas the 49ers play their home games in San Francisco) regularly competed for the NFL's NFC West Division title. The two teams have contested 129 games, in which San Francisco leads 64–62–3. After the Rams relocated to St. Louis (in 1995), the rivalry had lost its geographical lore, although games were still intense. The cultural differences between the West Coast (where the 49ers are based) and the Midwest (where the Rams were based) also added to the intensity of the rivalry. In

This is a document about National Car Rental Field
 National Car Rental Field National Car Rental Field was a proposed multipurpose stadium in St. Louis, Missouri. It was proposed to become the home of St. Louis Rams (now the Los Angeles Rams) of the National Football League (NFL) before their move to the Greater Los Angeles Area was announced. The stadium cost was estimated at $1.1 billion. When the Rams moved from Los Angeles to St. Louis in 1995, the contract stated that the Edward Jones Dome had to be a "top tier" stadium by 2015, or the Rams had the option to stop leasing the stadium. When this

This is a document about Andrew Siciliano
 Krystal Fernandez. While with FSR, Andrew served as the lead play by play announcer for the Las Vegas Gladiators of the Arena Football League. In 2006, Andrew moved from the Gladiators to the Los Angeles Avengers in order to work closer to home. In January 2011, Andrew was replaced by Max Kellerman at ESPN affiliate 710 AM (KSPN), where he had been hosting LA Sports Live with co-host Mychal Thompson. Siciliano has done St.Louis Rams preseason games as a play-by-play announcer, along with former Rams Pro Bowler Torry Holt and Hall of Famer Marshall Faulk locally in St. Louis on

This is a document about 2007 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 20 months earlier. The week 5 match was the Steelers' and Seahawks' first meeting in Pittsburgh since 1999 as well as the Seahawks' first-ever visit to Heinz Field. Another notable game occurred December 20 when the Steelers defeated the St. Louis Rams, 41–24, for their first-ever road win over the Cleveland/Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (1–9–1). It was the two teams' first-ever meeting in St. Louis, a city the Steelers last visited in 1979 (a 24–21 win over the then-St. Louis Cardinals at Busch Memorial Stadium). Six players from the Steelers were selected to play in the 2008 Pro Bowl. Two

This is a document about 2006 St. Louis Rams season
 to accomplish the feat. 2006 St. Louis Rams season The 2006 St. Louis Rams season was the franchise’s 69th year with the National Football League and the 12th season in St. Louis. The season began with the Rams trying to improve on their 6–10 record from 2005 under new head coach Scott Linehan. This was the Rams last non-losing season in St. Louis as the franchise would go on a ten-season losing record streak until 2017 in Los Angeles. Scott Linehan was named head coach of the St. Louis Rams on January 19, 2006. He previously served as the offensive

The Rams played in Los Angeles before moving to St. Louis.


Question: what is the language spoken in czech republic

Answer: Czech

This is a document about Czech language
 Czech language Czech (; "čeština" ), historically also Bohemian (; "lingua Bohemica" in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree. Like other Slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German. The Czech–Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the high medieval period, and the

This is a document about Wenedyk
 may be thought of as the Germanic counterpart of Wenedyk, showing what Polish might have looked like if it were a Germanic and not a Slavic language. The nearly extinct Wymysorys language provides another real-life example of this. Ill Bethisad also has such a "Slavo-Germanic" language: Bohemian, spoken in that universe's Czech Republic, developed by amateur Czech linguist Jan Havliš. Wenedyk Wenedyk () is a naturalistic constructed language, created by the Dutch translator Jan van Steenbergen (who also co-created the international auxiliary language Interslavic). It is used in the fictional "Republic of the Two Crowns" (based on the "Republic of

This is a document about Demographics of the Czech Republic
 language (divided into three dialects in Bohemia, four dialects in Moravia, and two dialects in Czech Silesia) is the official language of the state. There is also the transitional Cieszyn Silesian dialect as well as the Polish language in Cieszyn Silesia, both spoken in Czech Silesia. Various Sudeten German dialects are currently practically extinct: present Czech Germans speak mainly Czech or Standard German. Czech Sign Language is the language of most of the deaf community. For other languages spoken in the Czech Republic, see the above section on officially recognised minorities. Almost most of the Czech population prefer not to

This is a document about Moravian dialects
 Moravian dialects Moravian dialects () are the varieties of Czech spoken in Moravia, a historical region in the southeast of the Czech Republic. There are more forms of the Czech language used in Moravia than in the rest of the Czech Republic. The main four groups of dialects are the Bohemian-Moravian group, the Central Moravian group, the Eastern Moravian group and the Lach (Silesian) group (which is also spoken in Czech Silesia). While the forms are generally viewed as regional variants of Czech, some Moravians (522,474 in the 2011 Census) claim them to be one separate Moravian language. Southeastern Moravian

This is a document about Czech language
 Czech was spoken by about 10 million residents of the Czech Republic. A Eurobarometer survey conducted from January to March 2012 found that the first language of 98 percent of Czech citizens was Czech, the third-highest in the European Union (behind Greece and Hungary). Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for the 2012 European Day

This is a document about Czech language
 is taught at Czech heritage centers. Large communities of Czech Americans live in the states of Texas, Nebraska and Wisconsin. In the 2000 United States Census, Czech was reported as the most-common language spoken at home (besides English) in Valley, Butler and Saunders Counties, Nebraska and Republic County, Kansas. With the exception of Spanish (the non-English language most commonly spoken at home nationwide), Czech was the most-common home language in over a dozen additional counties in Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, North Dakota and Minnesota. As of 2009, 70,500 Americans spoke Czech as their first language (49th place nationwide, behind Turkish and

This is a document about Polish language
 basic Latin script ("ą", "ć", "ę", "ł", "ń", "ó", "ś", "ź", "ż"). Polish is closely related to Czech and Slovak. The language currently has the largest number of speakers of the West Slavic group and is also the second most widely spoken Slavic language. Historically, Polish was known to be "lingua franca", an important language, both diplomatically and academically in Central and Eastern Europe. Today, Polish is spoken by over 38.5 million people as their first language in Poland. It is also spoken as a second language in northern Czech Republic and Slovakia, Hungary, western parts of Belarus and Ukraine,

This is a document about Czechs
 modern Czech Republic. However, the country is now divided into 14 administrative regions. The local culture varies somewhat in each of the historical regions. Moravians are usually more nationalistic regional patriots of Moravia, but they also speak Czech. Local dialects (such as Central Bohemian, the Chod dialect, Moravian, Cieszyn Silesian, etc.) are found in various parts of the country. The Czech language is spoken by approximately 12 million people around the world, but the vast majority are in the Czech Republic. It developed from the Proto-Slavic language in the 10th century and is mutually intelligible with the Slovak language. Richard

This is a document about Dialects of Polish
 dialects () in the Czech Republic as part of this language. However, the standard linguistic sources on the Slavic languages normally describe them as dialects of the Czech language, or sometimes as transitional Polish–Czech dialects. In modern times spoken mainly by the Polish minority in Lithuania and the Polish minority in Belarus. often considered a descendant of a pidgin of the Polish language and Old Ruthenian language spoken in Red Ruthenia in the Middle Ages, A number of dialects are not easily classifiable according to the above scheme. Among the most notable of them: Dialects of Polish Modern sources on

This is a document about Czech language
 standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The main vernacular, known as Common Czech, is based on the vernacular of Prague, but is now spoken throughout most of the Czech Republic. The Moravian dialects spoken in the eastern part of the country are also classified as Czech, although some of their eastern variants are closer to Slovak. Czech has a moderately-sized phoneme inventory, comprising ten monophthongs, three diphthongs and 25

This is a document about Moravian dialects
 end of the 20th century, the private association Moravian Language Institute ("Ústav jazyka moravského"), founded by waiter and amateur linguist Jan Kozohorský, has made attempts to standardise a literary Moravian language. The movement has been criticised by linguistics professors at Masaryk University in Brno as controversial and with strong political undertones. Moravian dialects Moravian dialects () are the varieties of Czech spoken in Moravia, a historical region in the southeast of the Czech Republic. There are more forms of the Czech language used in Moravia than in the rest of the Czech Republic. The main four groups of dialects are

This is a document about Republic of Ireland
 deal with the state in Irish. Irish language media include the TV channel TG4, the radio station RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta and online newspaper Tuairisc.ie. In the Irish Defence Forces, all foot and arms drill commands are given in the Irish language. As a result of immigration, Polish is the most widely spoken language in Ireland after English, with Irish as the third most spoken. Several other Central European languages (namely Czech, Hungarian and Slovak), as well as Baltic languages (Lithuanian and Latvian) are also spoken on a day-to-day basis. Other languages spoken in Ireland include Shelta, spoken by Irish

This is a document about Slovak language
 Slovak language Slovak () is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages (together with Czech, Polish, and Sorbian). It is called ' () or ' () in the language itself. Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by approximately 5.51 million people (2014). Slovak speakers are also found in the United States, the Czech Republic, Argentina, Serbia, Ireland, Romania, Poland, Canada, Hungary, Germany, Croatia, Israel, the United Kingdom, Australia, Austria, Ukraine, Norway and many other countries worldwide. Slovak should not be confused with Slovene, or Slovenian (' or '), the main language of

This is a document about Slovak language
 share some words and areal features with the languages surrounding them (Serbo-Croatian, Hungarian, and Romanian). Slovak language Slovak () is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages (together with Czech, Polish, and Sorbian). It is called ' () or ' () in the language itself. Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by approximately 5.51 million people (2014). Slovak speakers are also found in the United States, the Czech Republic, Argentina, Serbia, Ireland, Romania, Poland, Canada, Hungary, Germany, Croatia, Israel, the United Kingdom, Australia, Austria, Ukraine, Norway and many other countries worldwide. Slovak

This is a document about Silesian German
 Silesian German Silesian (Silesian: ' or ', ), Silesian German or Lower Silesian is a nearly extinct German dialect spoken in Silesia. It is part of the East Central German language area with some West Slavic influences. Variations of the dialect until 1945 were spoken by about seven million people. After World War II, local communist authorities forbade the use of the language, after the expulsion of the Germans the province of Silesia was incorporated into southwestern Poland, with small portions remaining in northeastern Czech Republic and in eastern Germany. Silesian German continued to be spoken only by individual families

This is a document about Chod dialect
 Chod dialect The Chod dialect (Czech: "chodské nářečí") is a dialect of the Czech language. It is spoken in the region called Chodsko in southwestern Bohemia, around the town of Domažlice. It belongs to the South-West Bohemian group of Czech dialects, but it is more different from the other dialects in this group. The speakers of the dialect have traditionally been called the Chods (Czech: "Chodové"). The Chod dialect is among the most well-preserved regional dialects in the Czech Republic. A 1976 study by Jaroslav Voráč showed that among younger speakers with varying academic qualifications, the only features listed above

This is a document about Vlčí Důl
 hotel, the cottage settlement works well. One cottage is permanently inhabited; other estates are used for recreation. Bludov citizens own four cottages, rest is owned by people from Šumperk, Zábřeh and Kroměříž. Vlčí Důl Vlčí Důl is a resort, part of Bludov municipality in the Czech Republic. The adjective “Vlčí” means “wolf”. The noun “důl” means “mine" in the new Czech language, but it means both “mine” and “valley” in old Czech. Therefore, the translation can be "mine" or "valley" as the place was named during the Middle Ages when old Czech was spoken. The Petrovický rybník (literally Peter Pond)

This is a document about Greeks in the Czech Republic
 help establish trade links between the two countries. In their early days in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, ethnic Greek Macedonian and Slav Macedonian migrants used Greek as their natural lingua franca; however in orphanages which housed unaccompanied child migrants, it was not uncommon for ethnic Greek children to become receptively bilingual in the Slav-Macedonian language spoken by their playmates. In later years, locally born members of the community showed increasing language shift towards Czech, and tended to have a somewhat weaker command of Greek. However, this may also have been a natural consequence of several factors, including: intermarriage with Czechs

This is a document about Northern Bavarian
 Northern Bavarian Northern Bavarian is a dialect of the Bavarian language, together with Central Bavarian and Southern Bavarian. The language is mostly spoken in the Upper Palatinate, although not in Regensburg, which is a primarily Central Bavarian–speaking area, according to a linguistic survey done in the late 1980s. According to the same survey, Northern Bavarian is also spoken in Upper Franconia, as well as in some areas in Upper and Lower Bavaria, such as in the areas around Eichstätt and Kelheim. Few speakers remained in the Czech Republic, mostly concentrated around Aš and Železná Ruda, at the time of the

The Czech language is spoken in the Czech Republic. It is a West Slavic language with over 10 million speakers and is the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak and has a rich vocabulary and flexible system of word order. It is a fusional language with a high degree of mutation. There are also several dialects of Czech spoken in the Czech Republic, including Moravian dialects and the Cieszyn Silesian dialect.


Question: the regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called

Answer: cell growth

This is a document about Cell growth
 Cell growth The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction). When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase. This is not to be confused with growth in the context of cell division, referred to as proliferation, where a cell, known as the "mother cell", grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells" (M phase). Cell populations go through a particular type of exponential growth

This is a document about Contact inhibition
 contact. Cadherin-mediated activation of the inhibitory pathway involves the transmembrane E-cadherin forming a homophilic bond in order to activate α- and β-catenin, which then stimulate downstream components of the Hippo-YAP pathway to ultimately downregulate cell growth. This is consistent with the finding that E-cadherin overexpression hinders metastasis and tumorigenesis. Because YAP is shown to be associated with mitogenic growth factor signaling and thus cell proliferation, it is likely that future studies will focus on the Hippo-YAP pathway's role in cancer cells. However, it is important to note that contact-inhibited cells undergo cell cycle arrest, but do not senesce. In fact,

This is a document about G1 and G1/S cyclins- budding yeast
 the main regulator linking cell growth to the cell cycle. This is because it is the most upstream regulator of "Start" and because, unlike other cyclins, concentration of Cln3 does not oscillate much with the cell cycle (see Cln3). Rather, Cln3 activity is thought to increase gradually throughout the cycle in response to cell growth. Furthermore, Cln3 levels differ between mother and daughter cells, a difference that explains the asymmetry in cell cycle behavior between these two cell types. Cln3 regulation also responds to external signals, including stress signals that stop division. The G1 cyclins CLN1 and CLN2, upon transcriptional

This is a document about Growth factor
 being used by all sorts of other cells and tissues, during development and in the mature organism. While "growth factor" implies a positive effect on cell division, "cytokine" is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation. While some cytokines can be growth factors, such as G-CSF and GM-CSF, others have an inhibitory effect on cell growth or proliferation. Some cytokines, such as Fas ligand, are used as "death" signals; they cause target cells to undergo programmed cell death or "apoptosis". The growth factor was first discovered by Rita Levi-Montalcini, which won her a Nobel Prize in

This is a document about Warburg effect (oncology)
 take these energy rich nutrients and use them for TCA cycle which is used for oxidative phosphorylation. This results in an energy rich environment that allows for replication of the cancer cells. This still supports Warburg's original observation that tumors show a tendency to create energy through anaerobic glycolysis. Nutrient utilization is dramatically altered when cells receive signals to proliferate. Characteristic metabolic changes enable cells to meet the large biosynthetic demands associated with cell growth and division. Changes in rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes redirect metabolism to support growth and proliferation. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is largely due to oncogenic activation of

This is a document about Cell biology
 foundation of all organisms, they are the fundamental unit of life. The growth and development of the cell are essential for the maintenance of the host, and survival of the organisms. For this process the cell goes through the steps of the cell cycle and development which involves cell growth, DNA replication, cell division, regeneration, specialization, and cell death. The cell cycle is divided into four distinct phases, G1, S, G2, and M. The G phases – which is the cell growth phase - makes up approximately 95% of the cycle. The proliferation of cells is instigated by progenitors, the

This is a document about Cell cycle checkpoint
 Cell cycle checkpoint All living organisms are the products of repeated rounds of cell growth and division. During this process, known as the cell cycle, a cell duplicates its contents and then divides in two. The purpose of the cell cycle is to accurately duplicate each organism's DNA and then divide the cell and its contents evenly between the two resulting cells. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four main stages: G, during which a cell is metabolically active and continuously grows; S phase, during which DNA replication takes place; G, during which cell growth continues and the cell

This is a document about Cell growth
 inhibition of Wee1. This finding shows how cell size plays a direct role in regulating the start of mitosis. In this model, Pom1 acts as a molecular link between cell growth and mitotic entry through a Cdr2-Cdr1-Wee1-Cdk1 pathway. The Pom1 polar gradient successfully relays information about cell size and geometry to the Cdk1 regulatory system. Through this gradient, the cell ensures it has reached a defined, sufficient size to enter mitosis. Many different types of eukaryotic cells undergo size-dependent transitions during the cell cycle. These transitions are controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Though the proteins that control Cdk1 are

This is a document about Cytostasis
 study indicates nitric oxide (NO) is able to have a cytostatic effect on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Not only does nitric oxide stop cell growth, the study shows that it can also induce apoptosis after the cancer cells have been exposed to NO over 48 hours Malignant epithelium – Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit cell division, cause cell cycle arrest, and can induce cell death in malignant epithelial cells from various tissue organs "in vitro" Cytostasis Cytostasis (cyto – cell; stasis – stoppage) is the inhibition of cell growth and multiplication. Cytostatic refers to a cellular component

This is a document about Cancer in dogs
 animals, and can be diagnosed and treated by specialized veterinarians called veterinary oncologists. Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease. Carcinogenesis is linked with DNA mutations, chromosomal translocations, chocolate, dysfunctional proteins, and aberrant cell cycle regulators. Cancer alters the DNA of cells and the mutated genetic material is passed on to daughter cells, resulting in neoplasms. The mutated DNA effects genes involved with the cell cycle, classified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are responsible for cell proliferation and differentiation. Oncogenes responsible for cell growth are overexpressed in cancerous cells. Tumor suppressor genes prevent cells with erroneous cell cycles

This is a document about Multipolar spindles
 cancer cells is one of many differences from normal cells which can be seen under a microscope. Cancer is defined by uncontrolled cell growth and malignant cells can undergo cell division with multipolar spindles because they can group multiple centrosomes into two spindles. These multipolar spindles are often assembled early in mitosis and rarely seen towards the later stages. Research has shown possible causes of formation of multipolar spindles. A possible causes of multipolar spindle formation involve regulation of protein kinase family known as Aurora kinase. Aurora kinase has two forms which are designated Aurora kinase A and Aurora kinase

This is a document about 3D cell culture
 in 3D than 2D, since the gene expression of the 3D spheroids will more closely resemble gene expression in vivo. Lastly, 3D cell cultures have greater stability and longer lifespans than cell cultures in 2D. This means that they are more suitable for long-term studies and for demonstrating long-term effects of the drug. 3D environments also allow the cells to grow undisturbed. In 2D, the cells must undergo regular trypsinization in order to provide them with sufficient nutrients for normal cell growth. 3D spheroids have been cultured in a lab setting for up to 302 days while still maintaining healthy,

This is a document about Cell biology
  Cells are the foundation of all organisms and are the fundamental units of life. The growth and development of cells are essential for the maintenance of the host and survival of the organism. For this process, the cell goes through the steps of the cell cycle and development which involves cell growth, DNA replication, cell division, regeneration, and cell death. The cell cycle is divided into four distinct phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The G phase – which is the cell growth phase – makes up approximately 95% of the cycle. The proliferation of cells is instigated by progenitors. All cells start out in an identical form and can essentially become any type of cells. Cell signaling such as induction can influence nearby cells to determinate the type of cell it will become. Moreover, this allows cells

This is a document about G1/S transition
  The cell cycle is a process in which an ordered set of events leads to the growth and division into two daughter cells. The cell cycle is a cycle rather than a linear process because the two daughter cells produced repeat the cycle. This process contains two main phases, interphase, in which the cell grows and synthesizes a copy of its DNA, and the mitotic (M) phase, during which the cell separates its DNA and divides into two new daughter cells. Interphase is further broken down into the G1 (GAP 1) phase, S (Synthesis) phase, G2 (GAP 2) phase and the mitotic (M) phase which in turn is broken down into mitosis and cytokinesis. Following cytokinesis, during G1 phase the cells monitor environment for the potential growth

This is a document about Mitosis
  The mitotic phase is a relatively short period of the cell cycle. It alternates with the much longer interphase, where the cell prepares itself for the process of cell division. Interphase is divided into three phases: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three parts of interphase, the cell grows by producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. Thus, a cell grows (G1), continues to grow as it duplicates its chromosomes (S), grows more and prepares for mitosis (G2), and finally divides (M) before restarting the cycle. All these phases in the cell cycle are highly regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and other cell cycle proteins. The phases follow one another in strict order and

This is a document about Mitosis
   In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. The different stages of Mitosis altogether define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical to

This is a document about Cell growth
  Cell reproduction is asexual. For most of the constituents of the cell, growth is a steady, continuous process, interrupted only briefly at M phase when the nucleus and then the cell divide in two. The process of cell division, called cell cycle, has four major parts called phases. The first part, called G1 phase is marked by synthesis of various enzymes that are required for DNA replication. The second part of the cell cycle is the S phase, where DNA replication produces two identical sets of chromosomes. The third part is the G2 phase in which a significant protein synthesis occurs, mainly involving the production of microtubules that are required during the process of division, called mitosis.

This is a document about Cell cycle
  The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. In cells with nuclei (eukaryotes), (i.e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells), the cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis). During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and replicates its DNA

This is a document about Cell growth
   Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism). Cell growth is not to be confused with cell division or the cell cycle, which are distinct processes that can occur alongside cell growth during the process of cell proliferation, where a cell, known as the "mother cell", grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells". Importantly, cell growth and cell division can also occur

This is a document about Cell biology
  The cell cycle is a four-stage process that a cell goes through as it develops and divides. It includes Gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M).The cell either restarts the cycle from G1 or leaves the cycle through G0 after completing the cycle. The cell can progress from G0 through terminal differentiation. The interphase refers to the phases of the cell cycle that occur between one mitosis and the next, and includes G1, S, and G2.

The regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo is called the cell cycle.