Question: who is the youngest person on the supreme court

Answer: Elena Kagan

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
 of Appeals, while Justice Elena Kagan served as Solicitor General, the attorney responsible for representing the federal government in cases before the Court. Few justices have a background as criminal defense lawyers, and Thurgood Marshall is reportedly the last justice to have had a client in a death penalty case. Historically, justices have come from some tradition of public service; only George Shiras, Jr. had no such experience. Relatively few justices have been appointed from among members of Congress. Six were members of the United States Senate at the time of their appointment, while one was a sitting member of

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  Unlike the offices of President, U.S. Representative, and U.S. Senator, there is no minimum age for Supreme Court justices set forth in the United States Constitution. However, justices tend to be appointed after having made significant achievements in law or politics, which excludes many young potential candidates from consideration. At the same time, justices appointed at too advanced an age will likely have short tenures on the Court. The youngest justice ever appointed was Joseph Story, 32 at the time of his appointment in 1812; the oldest was Charles Evans Hughes, who was 67 at the time of his appointment as Chief Justice in 1930. (Hughes had previously been

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  nominee to the court was South Carolina senator William Smith, nominated in 1837, then aged around 75 (it is known that he was born in 1762, but not the exact date). The Senate confirmed Smith's nomination by a vote of 23–18, but Smith declined to serve. Smith died three years later. Of the justices sitting as of January 2021, Amy Coney Barrett is the youngest, at old, while Stephen Breyer is the oldest at. The oldest person to have served on the Court was Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who stepped down two months shy of his birthday. John Paul Stevens, second only to Holmes, left the court in June

This is a document about Neil Gorsuch
  making him the youngest nominee to the Supreme Court since the 1991 nomination of Clarence Thomas, who was 43. It was reported by the Associated Press that, as a courtesy, Gorsuch's first call after the nomination was to President Obama's pick for the same position, Merrick Garland, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Obama had nominated Garland on March 16, 2016, but Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Chuck Grassley did not schedule a hearing for him, leaving Garland's nomination to expire on January 3, 2017. Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell invoked the

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  two months after turning 90. The average age of the Court as a whole fluctuates over time with the departure of older justices and the appointment of younger people to fill their seats. , the youngest sitting Justice at the time of appointment is Clarence Thomas, who was 43 years old at the time of his confirmation in 1991. Following the appointment of Amy Coney Barrett, the average age of the Court is 57.5 years. By contrast, just prior to the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist in September 2005, the average age was 71. After Barrett's appointment and confirmation in 2020, the average age of appointment for current

This is a document about History of women in Puerto Rico
  South Bronx. In November 2018,  Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who represents parts of The Bronx and Queens, became  the youngest woman ever to be elected to Congress. In May 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice David Souter. Her nomination was confirmed by the Senate in August 2009 by a vote of 68–31. Sotomayor has supported, while on the court, the informal liberal bloc of justices when they divide along the commonly perceived ideological lines. During her tenure on the Supreme Court, Sotomayor has been identified with concern for the rights of defendants, calls for reform of the criminal justice system, and making impassioned dissents on issues of race, gender and ethnic identity.

This is a document about Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination
  The Senate confirmed Neil Gorsuch to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court on April 7, 2017, by a vote of 54–45. All Republicans present, along with Democrats Joe Manchin, Heidi Heitkamp and Joe Donnelly, voted to confirm him. Republican Johnny Isakson, who had supported the nomination, was absent for the vote because he was recovering from back surgery. On April 10, Gorsuch took the prescribed constitutional and judicial (set by federal law) oaths of office, and became the 113th member of the Supreme Court. At age 49, he was the youngest person to join the Court since Clarence Thomas, at age 43, in 1991. Also, having been a law clerk for Anthony Kennedy (1993–94), he became the first Supreme Court justice to serve alongside a justice for whom he had previously clerked.

This is a document about Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates
  President Trump began his term in January 2017 with a vacancy to be filled as a result of the February 2016 death of Justice Antonin Scalia. As three of the Court's justices at the time—Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born 1933), Anthony Kennedy (born 1936) and Stephen Breyer (born 1938)—were aged 78 or older, speculation arose that additional vacancies could occur during Trump's four-year presidential term. Because Ginsburg and Breyer were part of the liberal wing of the Court and Kennedy was a swing vote who often aligned with them on social issues, many top political analysts saw Trump's term as a chance for Republicans to reshape the court significantly towards a more conservative vision of the law. On June 27, 2018, this became a real possibility when Justice Kennedy officially announced his retirement. Following the death of Ginsburg on September 18, 2020 and the subsequent confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett on October 26, 2020, the Supreme Court has the following nine sitting justices:

This is a document about List of last words (21st century)
  personalized message to a fan through the Make-A-Wish Foundation. "My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed." ; — Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (18 September 2020), dictated to her granddaughter. Despite Ginsburg's wishes, Amy Coney Barrett was nominated to the Supreme Court on September 26 by President Donald Trump and confirmed by the Senate on October 26. "We messed up. We let our guard down. Please tell everybody to be careful. This is real, and if you get diagnosed, get help immediately." ; —

This is a document about Baby of the House
  aiming to serve in the federal legislature generally seek election to the state legislature (which generally have lower minimum ages for entry) or other state office before seeking to serve in Washington. In the 117th Congress, which began on 3 January 2021, the youngest member of the United States House of Representatives is Madison Cawthorn, who was born on August 1, 1995, and was first elected in 2020 three months after his 25th birthday. He replaced Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the youngest woman elected to the House in U.S. history. Currently the youngest US Senator is Jon Ossoff, born on February 16, 1987, and first elected to a full term in the Senate in the 2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia.

This is a document about Brett Kavanaugh
  Brett Michael Kavanaugh (born February 12, 1965) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President Donald Trump on July 9, 2018, and has served since October 6, 2018. He was previously a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and worked as a staff lawyer for various offices of the federal government. Kavanaugh studied history at Yale University, where he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He then attended Yale Law School, after which he began his career as a law clerk working under Judge Ken Starr. After Starr left the D.C. Circuit to become the head of the Office of Independent Counsel, Kavanaugh assisted him with various investigations concerning President Bill Clinton,

This is a document about Napoleon Beazley
  under 18 years of age (17 years, eight and one-half months old, to be exact) at the time of the offense and because his victim was the father of a United States federal judge, J. Michael Luttig. During his appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court, three of the nine justices recused themselves because of their personal ties to Judge Luttig, leaving six justices to review the case. Justice Antonin Scalia recused himself because Luttig had clerked for him, while Justices David Souter and Clarence Thomas recused themselves because Luttig had led the successful efforts to gain them (Thomas and Souter) U.S. Senate confirmation to the Supreme Court. On June 3, 1997,

This is a document about Chief Justice of the Philippines
  Ages of living chief Justices as of

This is a document about John Roberts Supreme Court nomination
  John Roberts was confirmed as chief justice on September 29, 2005, by a commanding majority, 78–22, of the Senate. All 55 Republicans voted "yes", as did 22 Democrats, and one independent; voting "no" were 22 Democrats. Later that same day, the 50-year-old Roberts was given the general Constitutional oath by the senior associate justice, John Paul Stevens, in a ceremony at the White House. Prior to the ceremony, President Bush said, "The Senate has confirmed a man with an astute mind and a kind heart." On October 3, he took the prescribed judicial oath at the United States Supreme Court Building, becoming the first new Supreme Court justice in 11 years, and the youngest to enter the office since John Marshall, who was confirmed in 1801 at age 45.

This is a document about Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
  his son, Associate Justice Edgardo (appointed in 1987) ; 41) The Padillas: Sabino Padilla (appointed in 1946, again in 1950) and Teodoro (Appointed in 1987); ; 42) The Ferias: Felicisimo Feria (appointed in 1945) and Jose (appointed in 1986)). ; 43) Uncle-Nephew ; 44) The Abad Santoses: Chief Justice José Abad Santos and Associate Justice Vicente ; 45) The Brioneses: Associate Justice Manuel Briones and Chief Justice Marcelo Briones Fernan ; 46) At age 35, American George A. Malcolm was the youngest person ever appointed Associate Justice, in 1915. However, the present age limit in the Constitution is 40. The youngest Filipinos named Associate Justices were

This is a document about Allison Jones Rushing
  of committee by a 12–10, party-line vote. On March 4, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a vote of 52–43. On March 5, 2019, the Senate voted to confirm Rushing by a 53–44 vote. At the time of her confirmation, she was the youngest federal judge in the United States. Rushing received her judicial commission on March 21, 2019. On September 9, 2020, President Trump named Rushing as a potential choice to fill a U.S. Supreme Court vacancy if one should open. After the death of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on September 18, President Trump briefly considered nominating Rushing to replace her; however, he chose Judge Amy Coney Barrett of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit instead.

This is a document about Todd Young
  In March 2019, Young was one of twelve senators to cosponsor a resolution that would impose a constitutional amendment limiting the Supreme Court to nine justices. The resolution was introduced following multiple Democratic presidential candidates expressing openness to the idea of expanding the seats on the Supreme Court.

This is a document about Bellotti v. Baird (1979)
  Warren E. Burger, Justice  Potter Stewart, and Justice William Rehnquist argued there are three reasons why children aren't like adults: the vulnerability of children, the lack of critical decision making, and reliance on parents guidance for their children upbringing. Justice John P. Stevens, joined by Justice William J. Brennan Jr., Justice Thurgood Marshall, and Justice Harry Blackmun, concluded that the Massachusetts statute was unconstitutional because first it allows for the court to deny the abortion despite the courts decision on the minor's maturity. Second, consent was required in every case without giving the minor an option to an independent case to prove she was mature, leading

This is a document about Elena Kagan
  Elena Kagan (born April 28, 1960) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on May 10, 2010 and has served since August 7, 2010. Kagan is the fourth woman to become a member of the Court. Kagan was born and raised in New York City. After graduating from Princeton University, the University of Oxford, and Harvard Law School, she clerked for a federal Court of Appeals judge and for Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. She began her career as a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, leaving to serve as Associate White House Counsel, and later as a policy adviser under President Bill Clinton. After a nomination

This is a document about Harvard Law School
  the first elected sikyong of the Tibetan Government in Exile. In 2004, he earned a S.J.D. degree from Harvard Law School and was a recipient of the 2004 Yong K. Kim' 95 Prize of excellence for his dissertation "Democracy in Distress: Is Exile Polity a Remedy? A Case Study of Tibet's Government-in-exile". Sixteen of the school's graduates have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, more than any other law school. Four of the current nine members of the court graduated from HLS: the chief justice, John Roberts; associate justices Neil Gorsuch; Stephen Breyer; and Elena Kagan, who also served as the dean of Harvard Law School, from 2003 to

The youngest person on the Supreme Court was Joseph Story, who was appointed at the age of 32.


Question: who played arnold in hey arnold the jungle movie

Answer: Mason Vale Cotton

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
 simulcast on Nicktoons and TeenNick. Arnold (Mason Vale Cotton) and his best friend Gerald (Benjamin Flores Jr.) plan to make a humanitarian video during the summer, after their fifth grade year, to win a trip to San Lorenzo, where Arnold's parents were last seen. They try to record themselves making a home out of junk for one of their friends, eccentric Monkeyman (Craig Bartlett), but that backfires; Arnold leaves, heartbroken. Helga (Francesca Marie Smith) who secretly has a longtime crush on Arnold, uses various footage she's compiled over the years showing Arnold's good deeds and everyone in town surprises Arnold

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
 and Gerald, were attached to return, but as the voices of San Lorenzo tour guides, while being replaced by Mason Vale Cotton and Benjamin Flores, Jr. respectively; and Alfred Molina was cast as Lasombra, the film's main antagonist. The next day, it was reported that Gavin Lewis, Jet Jurgensmeyer, Aiden Lewandowski, and Laya Hayes were respectively cast as Eugene, Stinky, Sid and Nadine. On July 10, 2017, Nickelodeon released an "exclusive first look" at the new character designs narrated by Bartlett. Eleven days later, on July 21, to coincide with the "Hey Arnold!" panel at San Diego Comic-Con, a short

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
 actress Nika Futterman confirmed on Twitter that she and her character Olga Pataki would appear in the two-hour film. In June 2016, it was confirmed that the TV film would be titled "The Jungle Movie", and that 19 of the original voice actors from the series would lend their voices in the film. New cast-members included Mason Vale Cotton as Arnold; Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores as Gerald; Gavin Lewis as Eugene; Jet Jurgensmeyer as Stinky; Aiden Lewandowski as Sid; Laya Hayes as Nadine; Nicolas Cantu as Curly; Wally Wingert as Oskar; Stephen Stanton as Pigeon Man; and Alfred Molina as

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
 the story. The film premiered on November 24, 2017 on Nickelodeon. "Hey Arnold!" stars nine-year-old Arnold (voiced by Toran Caudell; Phillip Van Dyke; Spencer Klein; Alex D. Linz and Mason Vale Cotton) and his neighborhood friends: Gerald (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith and Benjamin Flores Jr.), a street-smart character who generally serves as the leader of the group, and Helga (Francesca Marie Smith), a girl who bullies Arnold in order to hide the fact that she is in love with him. Bartlett drew inspiration from people he grew up with when creating the characters for the show. Arnold lives with

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Movie
  Hey Arnold!: The Movie is a 2002 American animated adventure comedy film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series of the same name. It was directed by Tuck Tucker and written by series creator Craig Bartlett and Steve Viksten, with music by Jim Lang. The events of the film take place during the fifth and final season of Hey Arnold!. The film stars Spencer Klein, Francesca Smith, Jamil Walker Smith, Dan Castellaneta, Tress MacNeille, Paul Sorvino, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and Christopher Lloyd. The film follows Arnold, Gerald, and Helga on a quest to save their neighborhood from a greedy developer who plans

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
  suitable replacements. As a result, Smith was kept on as the voice of Gerald, whose voice subsequently changed in-universe with the episode Gerald's Tonsils. This would last until The Jungle Movie, which featured Benjamin Flores Jr. as the voice of Gerald instead. Production of Hey Arnold! wrapped on December 7, 2001. A dispute over a second then-planned Hey Arnold! movie, The Jungle Movie, resulted in Bartlett leaving Nickelodeon. The last season's episodes were released over four years, beginning on March 4, 2000. The series aired its final episode, unannounced, on June 8, 2004. "The Jungle Movie" was eventually released as a television film on November 24, 2017.

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  episode "Ernie in Love," he develops a crush and starts dating a plus-size model named Lola. ; Mr. Hyunh (voiced by Baoan Coleman in the original series and also by Wally Wingert in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie) – His last name (a misspelling of Huỳnh) is pronounced "win." He is an immigrant from Vietnam, working in a Mexican restaurant. Despite having a heavy Vietnamese accent when speaking, it is revealed that he's very talented at singing country music with the singing voice provided by country singer Randy Travis. He can also play cello, guitar and trumpet quite well. One episode reveals that he has a long-lost daughter, Mai, whom

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  Arnold Phillip Shortman (voiced by J.D. Daniels in the pilot, Toran Caudell in season 1, Phillip Van Dyke in seasons 2–3, Spencer Klein in season 4, 17 out of 20 episodes in season 5, and ''Hey Arnold! The Movie, Rusty Flood as a baby and young toddler in "Parents Day" and "Helga on the Couch", Alex D. Linz 2 out of 20 episodes from season 5, "April Fools Day" and "The Journal", and Mason Vale Cotton in Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie'') is the title character of the series. He is a 9-year-old dreamer and an idealist who is wise beyond

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie is a 2017 American animated television film based on the Nickelodeon series Hey Arnold!, which was created by Craig Bartlett and originally aired from 1996 to 2004. Following the 2002 film Hey Arnold!: The Movie, The Jungle Movie expands on the fifth season two-part episode "The Journal". The film serves as either the definitive series finale or a prelude to a potential revival. It answered questions left after the original run ended, including the whereabouts of Arnold's missing parents. It originally aired in the United States on November 24, 2017, on Nickelodeon, while also being simulcast on Nicktoons and TeenNick. In 2018, it won an Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation.

This is a document about The Legend (2012 film)
 Barry Primus as Arnold ; Thierry Helaine as David ; Mi Kwan Lock as Benedicte Coen Schneidre ; Ray Reboul as Steve ; Paris Benjamin as Laurence

This is a document about Steve Viksten
  Viksten died on June 23, 2014, at age 53. The TV film Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, released three years later, was dedicated to his memory.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Movie
  A second film, titled Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, was in production but due to the disappointing results of the first film, the project was cancelled. Bartlett later left Nickelodeon, resulting in Hey Arnold!s cancellation, with the last episode airing on Nickelodeon on June 8, 2004, unannounced. In 2015, it was announced that The Jungle Movie had resumed production as a TV movie. The movie was first broadcast on Nickelodeon and sister networks TeenNick and Nicktoons in the United States on November 24, 2017. The film was later broadcast on Nickelodeon channels and select theatres worldwide in 2018. The debut airing was simulcast on Nickelodeon, TeenNick, and Nicktoons.

This is a document about Lane Toran
  and has appeared on stage in Oliver!, Peter Pan and Li'l Abner. He has also played Conrad Birdie in Bye Bye Birdie, the Lion in the Wiz and the Prince in Cinderella in theatre. Together with Haylie Duff he co-wrote the song "Sweet Sixteen" on Hilary Duff's second studio album Metamorphosis. Toran announced in 2016 on his Instagram profile, that he would return to Hey Arnold! to voice some characters for the television movie Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie that would be released in 2017. He has also sung lead vocals on his own original songs and also with the band DieRadioDie in Los Angeles.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
  cel animation, leading to the series premiere. Production on the show concluded on December 7, 2001, after 5 seasons and 100 episodes, and its last episode aired on June 8, 2004, unannounced. A feature film based on the series, Hey Arnold!: The Movie, was released in theaters on June 28, 2002. All five seasons have been released on DVD. On March 2, 2016, a television film continuation of the series, Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, was green-lit. It picks up from where the series ended and resolved the unanswered plotlines of the story. The film premiered on November 24, 2017, on Nicktoons, TeenNick and on November 24, 2018, as an international theatrical release, wrapping up the entire series, thirteen years after cancellation and fifteen years after the release of the original film in 2002.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  On June 13, 2016, it was reported that Francesca Marie Smith, Anndi McAfee, Justin Shenkarow, Olivia Hack, Nika Futterman, Dan Butler, Dan Castellaneta, Tress MacNeille, Antoinette Stella, Carlos Alazraqui, Dom Irrera, Maurice LaMarche, Kath Soucie, Danielle Judovits, Danny Cooksey, Jim Belushi and Hey Arnold! creator Craig Bartlett himself were attached to reprise their respective roles as Helga, Phoebe, Harold, Rhonda, Olga, Mr. Simmons, Grandpa, Grandma, Stella, Eduardo, Ernie, Bob Pataki, Miriam, Big Patty, Stoop Kid, Coach Wittenberg and Miles; while Lane Toran and Jamil Walker Smith, the original voices of Arnold and Gerald, were attached to return, but as the voices of San Lorenzo tour guides, while being replaced by Mason Vale Cotton and Benjamin Flores, Jr. respectively; and Alfred Molina was cast as Lasombra, the film's main antagonist. The next day, it was reported that Gavin Lewis, Jet Jurgensmeyer, Aiden Lewandowski, and Laya Hayes were respectively cast as Eugene, Stinky, Sid and Nadine.

This is a document about Gary Coleman
  Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 – May 28, 2010) was an American actor and comedian. Coleman is regarded as one of the greatest child actors of all time, and was the highest-paid adolescent on television throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. He was rated first on a list of VH1's "100 Greatest Kid Stars". Coleman was known for playing the role of Arnold Jackson in the sitcom Diff'rent Strokes (1978–1986), which he reprised in numerous other television series such as Hello, Larry (1979), The Facts of Life (1979–1980) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1996), among others. For playing the role of Arnold, he received several accolades, which include two Young Artist Awards; in 1980 for Outstanding Contribution to Youth Through Entertainment and

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  Gerald Martin Johanssen (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith throughout the original series and Hey Arnold! The Movie, and Benjamin Flores Jr. in ''Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie'' ) is a 9-10 year old boy and Arnold's best friend. He is an athletic and street-smart boy who is portrayed as loyal, though much less responsible than Arnold. Gerald has known Arnold for many years, most likely since preschool. Besides being Arnold's friend, Gerald also has a good deal of knowledge of many legendary stories in the city, or "urban legends" as he calls them. He apparently gets these myths from a source he has nicknamed "Fuzzy Slippers", mentioned in many episodes as his reliable assistant. At school, Gerald is the class president, and considers himself very cool, and apparently, so do his friends. When it was

This is a document about List of directorial debuts
  Carlos Reygadas† – Japan ; Eli Roth – Cabin Fever ; Carlos Saldanha and Chris Wedge – Ice Age ; Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois – Lilo & Stitch ; Robert Schwentke† – Tattoo ; Charles Stone III† – Drumline ; Tuck Tucker - Hey Arnold!: The Movie ; Yen Tan – Happy Birthday ; John Stainton† – The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course ; Colin Trevorrow† – Reality Show ; Phil Vischer and Mike Nawrocki - Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie ; Denzel Washington – Antwone Fisher ; Lydia Zimmermann† and Isaac Pierre Racine† – Aro Tolbukhin. En la mente del asesino

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  Arnold!. In September 2015, Nickelodeon announced officially during an interview with Entertainment Weekly that they were considering reviving many of their old properties, and that Hey Arnold! was one of them. On November 23, 2015, Nickelodeon reported that they were working on a Hey Arnold! TV movie that would answer all the fans' questions, including the whereabouts of Arnold's parents, with Bartlett set to write and produce. On March 1, 2016, it was announced that the film would be released in 2017. The next day, Bartlett confirmed officially that the TV movie would be The Jungle Movie and that it would be released as a two-hour TV movie.

Mason Vale Cotton played Arnold in Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie.


Question: air flow in the eye of a hurricane

Answer: no wind

This is a document about Eye (cyclone)
 to vertical wind shear. Though the eye is by far the calmest part of the storm, with no wind at the center and typically clear skies, over the ocean it is possibly the most hazardous area. In the eyewall, wind-driven waves all travel in the same direction. In the center of the eye, however, the waves converge from all directions, creating erratic crests that can build on each other to become rogue waves. The maximum height of hurricane waves is unknown, but measurements during Hurricane Ivan when it was a Category 4 hurricane estimated that waves near the eyewall exceeded

This is a document about Hurricane Cora
  developing a well-defined eye, peaking early on August 9 with 90 mi/h winds, a minimum pressure of 980 mbar, and gale–force winds extending 100 mi from the center. The hurricane began to shift into a west-southwest track while moving at 23 mi/h. The hurricane would continue in this direction throughout its lifespan. Only 12 hours after forming, the eye rapidly dissipated on satellite imagery for unknown reasons, although the hurricane's high forward speed may have played a part. After becoming disorganized, a Hurricane Hunter aircraft—the first one to fly in the storm—reported that the cyclone had winds of only 65 mi/h, the

This is a document about Hurricane Felix
  rate of 3.4 mbar (hPa; 0.1 inHg) per hour, which the National Hurricane Center described as "one of the more rapid deepening rates we have observed." A Hurricane Hunters flight reported a stadium effect in the eye, and also reported the eye diameter shrank to 14 mi (22 km). A subsequent Hurricane Hunters flight experienced flight level winds of 175 mph (280 km/h), with peak surface winds of 163 mph (263 km/h) reported in the southwest quadrant of the eyewall; surface winds of 189 mph (306 km/h) were found in its northeastern quadrant, although the National Hurricane Center reported the peak reading could

This is a document about The Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment
  Most hurricanes exhibit a definitive eyewall and spiral rainbands outside of the eye. These spiral rainbands were known to be complex structures that possess deep convective cores enmeshed in low altitude precipitative clouds. The eye or core of a tropical cyclone is characterized by low pressure which causes warm air to spiral upward and rise into the atmosphere. A tropical cyclone usually develops a distinct eye when the maximum sustained winds of the storm reach and exceed 74 mph. A well-formed eye is a good indicator of overall intensity due to an increase in rotational velocity when the distance between the moving particles and the center of the vortex is decreased. The angular momentum associated with the tropical cyclone

This is a document about Eye (cyclone)
   The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30-65 km in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weather and highest winds occur. The cyclone's lowest barometric pressure occurs in the eye and can be as much as 15 percent lower than the pressure outside the storm. In strong tropical cyclones, the eye is characterized by light winds and clear skies, surrounded on all sides by a towering, symmetric eyewall. In weaker tropical cyclones, the eye is less well defined and can be covered by the central dense overcast, an area of high, thick clouds that show up brightly on satellite imagery. Weaker or disorganized storms may also feature an eyewall that does not completely encircle the eye or have an eye that features heavy rain. In all storms, however, the eye is the location of the storm's minimum barometric pressure—where the atmospheric pressure at sea level is the lowest.

This is a document about Central dense overcast
  The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of the CDO of strong tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30-65 km in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms surrounding its center of circulation. The cyclone's lowest barometric pressure occurs in the eye, and can be as much as 15% lower than the atmospheric pressure outside the storm. In weaker tropical cyclones, the eye is less well-defined or nonexistent, and can be covered by cloudiness caused by cirrus cloud outflow from the surrounding central dense overcast.

This is a document about Tropical cyclone
  At the center of a mature tropical cyclone, air sinks rather than rises. For a sufficiently strong storm, air may sink over a layer deep enough to suppress cloud formation, thereby creating a clear "eye". Weather in the eye is normally calm and free of convective clouds, although the sea may be extremely violent. The eye is normally circular and is typically 30 – in diameter, though eyes as small as 3 km and as large as 370 km have been observed. The cloudy outer edge of the eye is called the "eyewall". The eyewall typically expands outward with height, resembling an arena football stadium; this phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the "stadium effect". The eyewall is where the greatest wind speeds are found, air rises most rapidly, clouds reach their highest altitude, and

This is a document about Eye (cyclone)
  An eye-like structure is often found in intensifying tropical cyclones. Similar to the eye seen in hurricanes or typhoons, it is a circular area at the circulation center of the storm in which convection is absent. These eye-like features are most normally found in intensifying tropical storms and hurricanes of Category 1 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale. For example, an eye-like feature was found in Hurricane Beta when the storm had maximum wind speeds of only 80 km/h (50 mph), well below hurricane force. The features are typically not visible on visible wavelengths or infrared wavelengths from space, although they are easily seen on microwave satellite imagery. Their development at the middle levels of the atmosphere is similar to the formation of a complete eye, but the features might be horizontally displaced due to vertical wind shear.

This is a document about Tropical cyclone
  is the heaviest. The heaviest wind damage occurs where a tropical cyclone's eyewall passes over land. In a weaker storm, the eye may be obscured by the central dense overcast, which is the upper-level cirrus shield that is associated with a concentrated area of strong thunderstorm activity near the center of a tropical cyclone. The eyewall may vary over time in the form of eyewall replacement cycles, particularly in intense tropical cyclones. Outer rainbands can organize into an outer ring of thunderstorms that slowly moves inward, which is believed to rob the primary eyewall of moisture and angular momentum. When the primary eyewall weakens, the tropical cyclone weakens temporarily. The outer eyewall eventually replaces the primary one at the end of the cycle, at which time the storm may return to its original intensity.

This is a document about Hurricane Jimena (2009)
  eye became visible on satellite imagery. Continuing to intensify, it was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane just six hours after becoming a major hurricane and 24 hours after becoming a tropical storm. Meanwhile, the eye became better defined. Late on August 29, the cyclone leveled off in intensity as a mid-level Category 4 hurricane due to an eyewall replacement cycle, where one eye gets replaced by another. The cycle continued for another 24 hours, only to start another burst of intensification. By the evening of August 31, Hurricane hunters measured winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a pressure of 931 mbar (hPa;

This is a document about Secondary flow
  The flow around a tropical cyclone is often well approximated as parallel to circular isobars, such as in a vortex. A strong pressure gradient draws air toward the center of the cyclone, a centripetal force nearly balanced by Coriolis and centrifugal forces in gradient wind balance. The viscous secondary flow near the Earth's surface converges toward the center of the cyclone, ascending in the eyewall to satisfy mass continuity. As the secondary flow is drawn upward the air cools as its pressure falls, causing extremely heavy rainfall and releasing latent heat which is an important driver of the storm's energy budget.

This is a document about Hurricane Humberto (2019)
  cyclone sharply toward the northeast. While moving over sea surface temperatures of around 84°F (29°C), Humberto intensified during the next day. The hurricane developed a large eye, 35–40 miles (55–65 km) in diameter, surrounded by very cold cloud tops, a hallmark of intense thunderstorm activity. Data from a reconnaissance aircraft mission on the evening of September 17 was used as the basis for upgrading Humberto to a Category 3 hurricane around 00:00 UTC on September 18. This upgrade was applied despite a broad and asymmetric wind field that was most expansive in the southern semicircle. As Humberto passed about 65

This is a document about 1944 Jamaica hurricane
  eye of the hurricane 180 mi south of Puerto Rico the following day, recording a central pressure of 973 mbar (hPa; 28.73 inHg); this was the lowest pressure measured in connection with the storm. On the following day, the small tropical cyclone strengthened into the equivalent of a Category 3 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, making the storm a major hurricane. At around 16:00 UTC on August 20, the hurricane made landfall in the vicinity of Boston Bay along the coast of Jamaica with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At landfall, the hurricane's eye spanned 5 mi across, resulting in a 15–20 minute lull in winds over eastern portions of

This is a document about 1977 Oman cyclone
  upgraded to Category 2. Aircraft were stored in hangars, and workers inspected the roofs of buildings before riding out the storm in a shelter. Hurricane-force winds struck during the morning hours of June 13, with sustained winds peaking at 167 km/h (104 mph) and gusts to 200 km/h (124 mph). After a lull during the eye's passage, winds then increased out of the southwest towards 185 km/h (115 mph). The strong winds caused buildings to collapse and roof beams to be blown through the air. Every building at the base sustained damage, and virtually all homes in the nearby village were leveled. The radio relay station

This is a document about Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan
  While at major hurricane status, Ivan maintained very strong convection in its core with a well-defined eye. Operationally, the probability for further rapid strengthening was considered nearly nine times the average of a typical hurricane. Accordingly, Ivan was forecast to pass near Barbados with winds of about 150 mph (240 km/h). Shortly after attaining Category 4 status, the outer convection of the hurricane became ragged. Hurricane Hunters found a Saharan Air Layer in the northern portion of the eye, leaving the eyewall eroded which caused a marked decrease in winds; by late on September 6 Ivan weakened to winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). The

This is a document about Eyewall replacement cycle
   In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones, generally with winds greater than 185 km/h, or major hurricanes (Category 3 or above). When tropical cyclones reach this intensity, and the eyewall contracts or is already sufficiently small, some of the outer rainbands may strengthen and organize into a ring of thunderstorms—an outer eyewall—that slowly moves inward and robs the inner eyewall of its needed moisture and angular momentum. Since the strongest winds are in a cyclone's eyewall, the tropical cyclone usually weakens during this phase, as the inner wall is "choked" by the outer wall. Eventually the outer eyewall replaces the inner one completely, and the storm may re-intensify. The discovery of this process was partially responsible for the end of the U.S.

This is a document about Hurricane Epsilon (2020)
  Epsilon reached its peak intensity, with 1-minute sustained winds of around 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of around 952 mbar (28.11 inHg). Meanwhile, the hurricane's small and well-defined inner core was located within an environment of deep-level moisture, protecting it from dry air associated with an upper-level trough wrapping three-quarters of the way around the hurricane. Shortly afterward, Epsilon began to degrade due to a dry air intrusion, and its eye started to become ill-defined and cloud-filled, while its western eyewall eroded, causing the storm to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane. Weakening ensued throughout

This is a document about 1926 Miami hurricane
  UTC, the eye of the hurricane passed into the Gulf of Mexico near Punta Rassa; though by that time the pressure in the eye had only risen to 28.05 inHg, the winds in the eye wall had decreased to 105 mi/h. The hurricane had weakened over South Florida as a result of land interaction, but re-strengthened after emerging into the Gulf of Mexico off Punta Rassa six hours later. The warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico allowed for the tropical cyclone to reach a secondary peak intensity with winds of 125 mi/h on September 20, equivalent to that of a modern-day high-end Category 3 hurricane.

This is a document about Hurricane Sam
  aircraft displayed that dry air was entraining into the storm, thinning the eyewall in numerous locations. The hurricane continued to intensify through September 26, with the NHC estimating that Sam's peak probably occurred between 19:00 and 22:00 UTC, likely attaining maximum sustained winds of 135 kn and a minimum central pressure of 929 mbar. During that time, the eye had shrunk to a diameter of 8 mi (13 km). The cold convection surrounding the eye had also grown in size. Likewise, a microwave pass showed a compact, strong eyewall surrounding the small eye. Despite Sam's intensity, it remained a small storm, with tropical storm-force winds reaching out 80 mi (130 km) from its center.

This is a document about 1933 Florida–Mexico hurricane
  in the storm—concurrent with a pressure of 29.46 inHg. Another ship nearby made a reading of 992 mb coincident with winds of 50 mi/h, hinting that it was taken inside the eye of the storm; calculations by researchers determined that the central pressure was 988 mb at the time and at landfall in Florida. While this supported winds of only tropical storm force (70 mph), the storm had a small radius of outermost closed isobar embedded in a ridge of high pressure, so winds in Florida were deemed to be 75 mph, affirming earlier reports that listed the storm as a hurricane at landfall.

The eye of a hurricane is the calmest part of the storm, with no wind and clear skies. However, the air flow in the eye is not completely still. The eye is surrounded by a ring of towering cumulonimbus clouds, and the air rises rapidly in the eyewall, creating an area of low pressure in the center. This causes the air to flow inward towards the eye, creating a counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere and a clockwise rotation in the Southern Hemisphere. The air then flows outward from the eye, forming the eyewall and


Question: where does pakistan stand in the icc test ranking

Answer: 7th

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
 category, 5 in D category and 7 in the new E category. The monthly salaries for each category were as follows: Category A: PKR 800,000 Category B: PKR 500,000 Category C: PKR 350,000 Category D: PKR 200,000 Category E: PKR 100,000 This is a list of all the players with the forms of cricket in which they play. "Correct as of 7th Sept 2018" International match Summary Pakistan national cricket team The Pakistan Men's National Cricket Team (), popularly referred to as the Shaheens (, ), Green Shirts and Men in Green, is administered by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

This is a document about ICC Men's Test Team Rankings
  The ICC Men's Test Team Rankings (formerly known as the ICC Test Championship) is an international rankings system of the International Cricket Council for the 12 teams that play Test cricket (though Afghanistan and Ireland are not currently ranked as they have not played enough matches recently). The rankings are based on international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular Test cricket scheduling, with no consideration of home or away status. After every Test series, the two teams involved receive points based on a mathematical formula involving both teams' previous rating and the result of the series. Each team's points total from matches over the last 3–4 years is divided by a figure based on their total number of matches and series played, to

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team record by opponent
  The Pakistan national cricket team represents Pakistan in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. Pakistan first competed in international cricket in 1952, when they played against India in a four-day Test match; India won the match by an innings and 70 runs at the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, Delhi. In the same series, Pakistan recorded their first Test win, the second match by an innings and 43 runs at the University Ground, Lucknow. , Pakistan have played 437 Test matches; they have won 178 matches, lost 1 matches, and 162 matches were drawn. They have also won the 1998–99 Asian Test Championship, defeating Sri Lanka in the final by an innings and 175

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  against England in July 2016 which was the opening test of the series. In August 2016, Pakistan achieved the number 1 ranking in test cricket for the first time since 1988, after Sri Lanka whitewashed Australia. Pakistan displaced India as number 1 after rain caused the final test match between India and West Indies to end in a draw. Pakistan became the 1st Asian team and 2nd team overall to win a day-night test match, which was against the West Indies in Dubai. In a later T20 series in Sep 2016, Pakistan's National Cricket Team won the series with World T20 Winner team West Indies with 3–0. They won by 9 wickets, 16 runs, 8 wickets consecutively.

This is a document about ICC Men's Test Team Rankings
  The ICC provides ratings for the end of each month back to June 2003. The teams that have successively held the highest rating since that date, by whole month periods are: The summary of teams that have held the highest rating from June 2003 to the present by whole month periods are: Since the ICC officially began ranking teams in 2003, Australia had dominated the rankings table. However, from 2009, several teams (Australia, South Africa, India, England, New Zealand, and Pakistan) have competed for the top positions. The ICC retrospectively applied the current rating system to results since 1952 (providing ratings for the end of each month from then). The table only begins then, as prior to 1952 there is insufficient data available due to the infrequency of matches and the small number of competing teams in these earlier periods. The teams that have successively held the highest rating from January 1952 until May 2003, by whole month periods are: The summary of teams that have held the highest rating from 1952 to the present by whole month periods are:

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  In 2016, Pakistan became No.1 Test team after their tour of England, where they drew series 2-2 (4). It was the first time since the ranking system were introduced, they were crowned No.1 and first time since 1988. It was another great achievement in Pakistan's Test history. They were also given Test mace in Lahore. However, their No.1 rank was short-lived, as their downfall began. After winning the series against the West Indies 2-1 (3) in UAE, Pakistan toured New Zealand and Australia for two match and three match Test series. They lost all five matches plus one lost against West Indies. They were down at No.5 in rankings. Misbah was considering retirement after the Australia tour but stayed till West Indies tour, saying he had 'one last job to do'. Despite having major upsets in the southern continent, Pakistan were triumphant in the West Indies tour of 2017, having won the T20 series 3–1, the ODI series by 2–1, and winning a thriller in the 3rd test to seal it 2–1. This was Pakistan's first ever test series win in the Caribbean. Misbah-ul-Haq and Younus Khan retired after, with the captaincy going to Sarfaraz Ahmed.

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  The Pakistan national cricket team, popularly referred to as the Shaheens, Green Shirts, Men in Green, and Cornered Tigers is administered by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB). The team is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council, and participates in Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International cricket matches. Pakistan has played 441 Test matches, winning 145, losing 134 and drawing 162. Pakistan was given Test status on 28 July 1952 and made its Test debut against India at Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, Delhi, in October 1952, with India winning by an innings and 70 runs. The team has played 936 ODIs, winning 490, losing 417, tying 9 with 20 ending in no-result. Pakistan was the 1992 World Cup champion, and was the

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in 2009. Pakistan won the T20I series 2–0 and the ODI series 2–0 after the third match ended in a draw due to rain. During the Sri Lanka tour in 2015, Pakistan won the Test series 2–1, the ODI series 3–2 and the T20I series 2–0. The successful tour allowed Pakistan to qualify for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, removing West Indies from a place in the tournament. The series win pushed up Pakistan's ranking in all three formats of the game. In September, Pakistan travelled to Zimbabwe for 2 T20Is and 3 ODIs. Pakistan won the T20I series 2–0 and the ODI series 2–1. As a result, Pakistan concluded their 2015 season rankings as 4th in Tests, 8th in ODIs, and 2nd in T20Is.

This is a document about Pakistani cricket team in England in 2006
  England had toured Pakistan the previous winter, with Pakistan winning the three-match Test series 2–0 and the five-match ODI series 3–2. As a result of the Test series, Pakistan rose two spots in the world Test rankings to be ranked second going into the return tour, and England dropped to third after the 12 July annual update of the ICC Test Championship.

This is a document about 2012 Asia Kabaddi Cup (Circle style)
 [4 November 2012] [5 November 2012] [Final Ranking] Pakistan 46 Vs. Sri. Lanka 26 / India 53 Vs. Iran 35 / Afghanistan 53 Vs. Nepal 32 Iran 72 Vs. Nepal 27 / Sri Lanka 51 Vs. Afghanistan 42 / India 31 Vs Pakistan 40 1- Pakistan 2- India 3- Iran and Sri Lanka 5- Afghanistan 6- Nepal

This is a document about List of Pakistan Test cricket records
  Pakistan is the fourth-most successful team in Test cricket with an overall winning percentage of 32.87, behind Australia (47.18), South Africa (37.97) and England (36.31). Top order batsman and former captain Younis Khan holds several Pakistan batting records. He has scored the most runs (10,099) for Pakistan in Test cricket—the first and only player to score over 10,000 runs in the format for his country. He is the record holder for the highest number of centuries (34) as well as the highest number of double centuries (six with Javed Miandad) for Pakistan. Hanif Mohammad's 337 runs against the West Indies in 1958 is the highest individual score by a Pakistani cricketer, surpassing the

This is a document about History of the Pakistani cricket team
  The Pakistan cricket team made its Test cricket debut in 1952 and has since become one of the most successful teams in modern cricket. The team reached the semi-finals of the 1979,1983, 1987 and 2011 World Cups, and finals in 1992 and 1999, and won the 1992 ICC Cricket World Cup by defeating England in the final with the captaincy of Imran Khan They are one of the most successful T20 sides but faced a big failure in T20 2016 having won the T20 World Cup in 2009 and been runner-up in 2007. And after that they have defeated India by big margin of 180 in the Final of Champions Trophy 2017 at The Oval. Pakistan has also been ranked as the Number 1 Test Team twice (summers of 1988 & 2016) and Number 1 across all formats (Test, ODI and T20) at various points.

This is a document about Field hockey in Pakistan
  {{#invoke:SportsRankings|list2|FIH World Rankings|PAK}}

This is a document about Pakistan national rugby union team
  The Pakistan national rugby union team represents Pakistan in international rugby union. Pakistan is a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB), and have yet to play in a Rugby World Cup tournament. As of 2021, they will play in Division II of the Asian championships, having been promoted from Division III in 2019. In the 19 March 2012 IRB World Rankings, Pakistan, along with Mexico and Philippines, were listed for the first time, entering with the base rating of 40 points (which positioned the three national teams in 71st place). The national side is ranked 94th in the world (as of 29 July 2019).

This is a document about International cricket in 2012
 Notes: ; Zimbabwe is currently unranked in Tests, as it has played insufficient matches. It has 167 points and a rating of 42. ; Bangladesh is currently unranked in T20Is, as it has played insufficient matches.

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  In 2002, Pakistan participated in their second Asian Test Championship. It was originally planned to include all four Asian ICC full-members (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). However, before the tournament started, India's participation was put in doubt. After defeating Bangladesh in the 1st Test to meet Sri Lanka in the final, they were defeated by them by 8 wickets. A major controversy occurred in 2006 when the team toured England for a four-match Test series. England led the series 2-0 going into the final Test. In the first innings of that match, they were bowled out for 173 and Pakistan scored 504 in reply.

This is a document about Pakistan national cricket team
  a target of 220. India fell 16 runs short and the series was considered one of the best India-Pakistan series. In 1988, after West Indies tour where they drew 1-1 (3), Pakistan were rated as No.1 Test team. It was one of greatest moments in their history. From 1990 to 1999, Pakistan did even better. They played 29 series, winning over 15 and losing 9 with 5 drawn. In terms of matches, they played 74, winning 40, losing 21 and drawing 13. In this period, the lowest point of for Pakistan came in 1998 where they lost to Zimbabwe 1–0 in three match series. The biggest moment came in Asian Test Championship in 1998 where they defeated Sri Lanka in the final by an innings and 175 runs.

This is a document about 2017 ICC Champions Trophy Final
  Ranked eighth in the ICC ODI Championship at the start of the tournament, Pakistan started poorly, before improving progressively in each game. They lost to India in the first game by 124 runs in a sloppy display, but then defeated top-ranked South Africa by 19 runs by virtue of Duckworth–Lewis method in their next game. They gained momentum and beat Sri Lanka by 3 wickets in their final group game, a thrilling must-win encounter, and qualified for the semi-finals placed second in Group B, behind India on net run rate. In the semi-final, England with their undefeated run and home advantage were tipped firm favourites. However, they were outplayed by Pakistan with both bat and ball, the latter winning comprehensively by 8 wickets with almost 13 overs to spare. This paved the road for Pakistan's first qualification to a Champions Trophy final.

This is a document about List of Pakistan Test cricket records
  Test cricket is the oldest form of cricket played at international level. A Test match is scheduled to take place over a period of five days, and is played by teams representing Full Member nations of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Pakistan obtained Full Member status of the ICC in 1952, becoming the seventh nation eligible to play Test cricket. The Pakistan national cricket team played their first Test match on 16 October 1952 against India which they lost by an innings and 70 runs. They recorded their first victory in their second ever match against India on 23 October 1952. Since then, they have played 434 matches, against every other Test-playing nation.

This is a document about West Indian cricket team in England in 2007
  In the ICC Test Championship, England are ranked second and West Indies are ranked eighth, though England's most recent series was a whitewash loss in the Ashes against Australia for the first time since 1921, their first Test series loss since their tour of Pakistan in 2005. West Indies, meanwhile, lost 2–0 to Pakistan in November 2006 as their last Test series, and have not won a Test since April 2005. The last time West Indies won an away Test to a nation currently ranked above them was on their tour of England in 2000 – they also beat Zimbabwe and Bangladesh twice during the intervening seven years.

As of the information provided, Pakistan is currently ranked 7th in the ICC Test Rankings.


Question: who sings here we go again on our own

Answer: Whitesnake

This is a document about Here I Go Again
 Here I Go Again "Here I Go Again" is a song by British rock band Whitesnake. Originally released on their 1982 album, "Saints & Sinners", the power ballad was re-recorded for their 1987 self-titled album. The song was re-recorded again the same year in a new "radio-mix" version, which was released as a single and hit number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart on 10 October 1987, and number nine on the UK Singles Chart on 28 November 1987. The 1987 version also hit number one on the Canadian Singles Chart on 24 October 1987. In 2006, the 1987

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Demi Lovato song)
  "Here We Go Again" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato. It was written by Isaac Hasson, Lindy Robbins and Mher Filian and produced by SuperSpy, for Lovato's second studio album of the same name. It was released as the album's lead single on June 23, 2009, through Hollywood Records. The song was the only single from Here We Go Again released in North America. "Here We Go Again" is a power pop song with guitar lines and pop hooks and the lyrics speak of the protagonist's on-off relationship with a hesitant boyfriend. The song received positive reviews from critics, who praised its pop hook and made comparisons to works of Kelly Clarkson. "Here We Go Again" peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became Lovato's first top 40 hit on the chart as a solo artist. The song was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2014. It also peaked at number 38 in New Zealand and in the lower region of the Canadian Hot 100.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Glenn Miller song)
  "Here We Go Again" was composed by Jerry Gray, the arranger in the Glenn Miller Orchestra. Glenn Miller and His Orchestra released the song as an RCA Victor 78 single, 20-1563-A, backed with "Long Time No See, Baby", words and music by Jack Lathrop and Sunny Skylar. The recording reached no. 25 on the Billboard pop singles chart in April, 1944 in a one-week chart run. The song was also performed by Glenn Miller with the Army Air Force Band. The instrumental was recorded at Victor Studios in Chicago on Tuesday, July 14, 1942. This instrumental was part of the last recording session by the Glenn

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Demi Lovato song)
  Go Again" was recorded at three different recording studios in California; SuperSpy Studios in Los Angeles, Resonate Studios in Burbank, and The Jungle Room in Glendale. Additional recording took place at Safe House Studios in Greensboro, North Carolina. Co-writer Robbins contributed backing vocals. Hasson provided programming, guitars and synths, and Filian handled programming and keys. The instruments were played by Dorian Crozier, who provided drums, and Kenny Johnson, who played the bass. The song was ultimately mixed by Chris Lord-Alge. "Here We Go Again" premiered during Planet Premiere on Radio Disney on June 17, 2009, and was released as the lead single for the album of the same name via digital download on June 23, through Hollywood Records. It was later released in Australia and New Zealand on July 17, 2009.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
 7-inch single ; 1) "Here We Go Again" – 3:14 ; 2) "Somebody Ought to Write a Book About It" – 3:02 According to Allmusic, the solo version is listed at lengths between 3:14 and 3:20 on various albums.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
  peak. It totalled 3 non-consecutive weeks on the chart. In the Netherlands, "Here We Go Again" appeared on the singles chart at number 10 on July 15, 1967, and later peaked at number three. According to Will Friedwald, this song is an example of Charles vocalizing in what would ordinarily be a generally extraneous manner for dramatic effect by using a different voice than he had ever previously exhibited. He sang "... not just using the squeak—using a whole new kind of squeak, in fact—for additional coloring on the sidelines, but making it the heart of the matter, literally squeaking out the words and notes in harmony with the Raelettes" (his background singers).

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
  "Here We Go Again" is a country music standard written by Don Lanier and Red Steagall that first became notable as a rhythm and blues single by Ray Charles from his 1967 album Ray Charles Invites You to Listen. It was record producer by Joe Adams for ABC Records/Tangerine Records. To date, this version of the song has been the biggest commercial success, spending twelve consecutive weeks on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 15. The most notable cover version is a duet by Charles and Norah Jones, which appeared on the 2004 album Genius Loves Company. This version has been the biggest critical success.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Demi Lovato album)
  – guitars, drums, background vocals ; Chris Lord-Alge – mixing ; Stephen Lu – string arranger, conductor, string ; Jeannie Lurie – producer ; John Mayer – guitars ; Jon McLaughlin – piano, synthesizer, background vocals ; Steven Miller – engineer ; Chen Neeman – producer ; Sheryl Nields – photography ; Will Owsley – guitar, synthesizer, background vocals ; Radu Pieptea – violin ; Wes Precourt – violin ; Lindy Robbins – background vocals ; David Sage – viola ; Simon Sampath-Kumar – engineer ; David Snow – creative direction ; SuperSpy – producers, engineers ; Gavin Taylor – art direction, design ; Jesse Owen Astin - Guitars ; Adam Watts – producer Credits for Here We Go Again are adapted from the album's liner notes.

This is a document about Hectic
 Jesse Michaels – lead vocals ; Lint – guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on intro of "Here We Go Again" ; Matt McCall – bass, backing vocals ; Dave Mello – drums, backing vocals Pat Mello – backing vocals Kevin Army – producer, engineer ; Operation Ivy – producers ; John Golden – mastering ; Jesse Michaels – cover art, booklet ; David Hayes (credited as “Sprocket”) – back cover, labels ; Murray Bowles; Cammie Toloui; Cesar Rubio; Vivian Sayles – photography  Additional musicians Production

This is a document about SR-71 (band)
  Though without a label at the time, the band went on to record an album of new material by themselves, during mid to late 2003. All songwriting on the album was done by Mitch Allan, with the exception of two tracks co-written by drummer John Allen, and one old-penned hidden track co-written a year earlier by Kevin Kadish. All production, mixing and mastering was also done by Mitch Allan. In 2004, the band finally found a new label, a Japanese label under the name Crown Japan, who released their third album Here We Go Again on May 21, 2004, in Japan only. The album was available outside

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
 7-inch vinyl single ; 1) "Here We Go Again" – 3:07 ; 2) "Memories" – 3:40  According to Allmusic the original track was 3:09, but when it appeared on the 2006 compilation album Essential Nancy Sinatra, it was 3:11. The single was initially released through Reprise Records. In a non-exclusive licensing agreement, Reprise (part of Warner Music) gave RCA Records the rights to distribute the records of some of their artists including Sinatra and Dean Martin. In 1971, Sinatra and Reprise parted ways, so she signed a long-term contract with RCA Records.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Glenn Miller song)
  civilian band due to the dispute between the American Federation of Musicians and the recording companies. A ban on recording was imposed by the Union on its members on August 1, 1942 that continued until November 22, 1944 for RCA Victor and Columbia. Decca and several other new companies began recording in October 1943. The instrumental would not be released until 1944. "Here We Go Again" was the last Top 40 hit that Glenn Miller had during his lifetime. A V-Disc test pressing of the song was made by the U.S. War Department as VP 1311 – D5TC 274 using a recording from April 29, 1944.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
  peak position of number 19 on the Easy Listening chart. The song remained on the chart for five weeks until June 14, 1969. In Canada "Here We Go Again" debuted at number 38 on the RPM Adult Contemporary chart (previously Young Adult Chart) on June 2, 1969. It peaked at number 21 for the week of June 16, 1969. The song spent a total of five weeks on the chart. According to Allmusic databases, 1969 was the final year in her career that Sinatra reached the Hot 100 chart (with "Here We Go Again", "God Knows I Love You" and "Drummer Man").

This is a document about On Our Own (Bobby Brown song)
  "On Our Own" is a song by American singer Bobby Brown from the Ghostbusters II soundtrack, released as a single on June 22, 1989. It peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot Black Singles chart for one week and at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks. Outside the US, it reached number one in New Zealand for three weeks and became a top-five hit in Canada, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, while in Australia it went to number 22.

This is a document about 47th Annual Grammy Awards
 "Here We Go Again" – Ray Charles & Norah Jones ; John Burk, producer; Al Schmitt, Mark Fleming, & Terry Howard, engineers/mixers ; "Let's Get It Started" – The Black Eyed Peas ; Will.i.am, producer; Mark "Spike" Stent & Will.i.am, engineers/mixers ; "American Idiot" – Green Day ; Billie Joe Armstrong, Rob Cavallo, Mike Dirnt & Tré Cool, producers; Chris Lord-Alge & Doug McKean, engineers/mixers ; "Heaven" – Los Lonely Boys ; John Porter, producer; Steve Chadie & John Porter, engineers/mixers ; "Yeah!" – Usher featuring Lil Jon & Ludacris ; Jonathan "Lil Jon" Smith, producer; John Frye, Donnie Scantz, Jonathan "Lil

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
 CD single ; 1) "Here We Go Again" (Ray Charles and Norah Jones) – 3:59 ; 2) "Mary Ann" (Poncho Sanchez featuring Ray Charles) – 5:05 ; 3) "Interview With Norah Jones" – 1:35 According to Allmusic, the duet version was between 3:56 and 3:59 on various albums.

This is a document about Dave Mason & Cass Elliot
  Despite receiving co-billing with Mason, Elliot's contributions are limited to background vocals on several of the songs, which highlighted a raspy, more raw side of Elliot’s voice. When interviewed by Rolling Stone magazine Elliot stated, "I sing better with David because he's so good. You want to do better. I'm singing notes I never sang with The Mamas & the Papas". The music falls into the country rock harmony sound of its time, but with a bluesier edge. Mason wrote five of the songs on the album, while Elliot co-wrote two: the single "Something to Make You Happy" and her only solo song on the album, "Here We Go Again". This was the first time

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
  covered "Here We Go Again". Steagall says that the song "came about in a very unusual manner and very quickly". One source even claims that Steagall did not come to Hollywood until after Charles recorded the song. According to the sheet music published by Dirk Music, "Here We Go Again" is set in 12/8 time with a slow shuffle tempo of sixty-nine beats per minute. The song is written in the key of B major. It is primarily a country song, but contains gospel influences. According to Matthew Greenwald of Allmusic, "'Here We Go Again' is a soulful ballad in the Southern blues tradition. Lyrically, it has a resignation and pain that makes the blues, simply, what it is. The recording has a simple and sterling gospel arrangement and, in retrospect, is one of Charles' finer attempts in the studio from the 1960s."

This is a document about Here I Go Again (The Hollies song)
  "Here I Go Again" is a song by The Hollies, words and music written by Mort Shuman and Clive Westlake. The song gave name to an album issued by the American Imperial Records in June that year that is largely based on Stay with The Hollies and an EP issued by Parlophone in December 1964.

This is a document about Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song)
  and 29 at its peak position of number 5 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. By August 12, it fell out the Hot 100 chart, ending a 12-week run. It remained on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart for 13 weeks ending on September 2. "Here We Go Again" was Charles' last single to enter the top twenty of the Hot 100. For the year 1967 the song finished at number 80 on the US Billboard Year-End Hot 100 chart and 33 on the Year-End Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. Abroad, it debuted on the UK Singles Chart top 40 at number 38 on July 8, 1967, which would be

The song "Here We Go Again" was originally recorded by the British rock band Whitesnake in 1982 and 1987. The version that reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in 1987 was sung by David Coverdale. In 2009, Demi Lovato recorded a new version of the song for her second studio album, "Here We Go Again."


Question: where did the battle of cinco de mayo take place

Answer: Puebla

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 (term used to imply cultural kinship of the region with France) that would rebuild French influence in the American continent and exclude Anglophone American territories. Late in 1861, a well-armed French fleet stormed Veracruz, landing a large French force and driving President Juárez and his government into retreat. Moving on from Veracruz towards Mexico City, the French army encountered heavy resistance from the Mexicans close to Puebla, at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe. The French army of 8,000 attacked the poorly equipped Mexican army of 4,000. On May 5, 1862, the Mexicans decisively defeated the French army. The

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 May 9, 1862, President Juárez declared that the anniversary of the Battle of Puebla would be a national holiday regarded as "Battle of Puebla Day" or "Battle of Cinco de Mayo". Today, the commemoration of the battle is not observed as a national holiday in Mexico (i.e. not a statutory holiday). However, all public schools are closed nationwide in Mexico on May 5. The day is an official holiday in the State of Puebla, where the Battle took place, and also a full holiday (no work) in the neighboring State of Veracruz. In Puebla, historical reenactments, parades, and meals take

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 Cinco de Mayo Cinco de Mayo ( in Latin America, Spanish for "Fifth of May") is an annual celebration held on May 5. The date is observed to commemorate the Mexican Army's victory over the French Empire at the Battle of Puebla, on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of General Ignacio Zaragoza. In the United States, Cinco de Mayo has taken on a significance beyond that in Mexico. More popularly celebrated in the United States than Mexico, the date has become associated with the celebration of Mexican-American culture. In Mexico, the commemoration of the battle continues to be mostly

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 place to commemorate the battle. Parade participants dress as French and Mexican soldiers to reenact the battle. Every year the city also hosts the "Festival Internacional de Puebla", which gathers national and international artists, traditional musicians and dancers. As well as the "Festival Internacional del Mole", with an emphasis on the city's iconic "mole poblano". In Mexico City, military commemoration is occasionally held at the Campo Marte. A street, "", in the Historic Center of Mexico City was named after the battle in 1862 by Benito Juárez. Events tied to Cinco de Mayo also occur outside Mexico and the United

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 in London and New Zealand. Other celebrations of the day can also be found in Cape Town, South Africa, Lagos, Nigeria, and in Paris. Cinco de Mayo is celebrated in Japan in Osaka and in Tokyo's Yoyogi Park Event Space as a celebration of Latin American culture. Notes Citations Sources Cinco de Mayo Cinco de Mayo ( in Latin America, Spanish for "Fifth of May") is an annual celebration held on May 5. The date is observed to commemorate the Mexican Army's victory over the French Empire at the Battle of Puebla, on May 5, 1862, under the leadership of

This is a document about Puebla
 economies. The largest important events include the Day of the Dead in Huaquechula, the Carnival of Huijotzingo, Spring Equinox in Cantona, Fiesta de Santo Entierro y Feria de las Flores, the Fería del Café y el Huipil, the Huey Atlixcáyotl Festival, the Quetzalcoatl Ritual and Cinco de Mayo, celebrated in the entire state. Cinco de Mayo—or the fifth of May—is a holiday that celebrates the date of the Mexican army's 1862 victory over France at the Battle of Puebla during the Franco-Mexican War (1861-1867). A relatively minor holiday in Mexico, in the United States Cinco de Mayo has evolved into

This is a document about Battle of Puebla
 of Puebla would be a national holiday, regarded as "Battle of Puebla Day" or "Battle of Cinco de Mayo". A common misconception in the United States is that Cinco de Mayo is Mexico's Independence Day, the most important national patriotic holiday in Mexico. Mexico celebrates Independence Day on the 16th of September, commemorating the beginning of the war of Independence (September 16, 1810, the "Cry of Dolores"). Mexico also observes the culmination of the war of Independence, which lasted 11 years, on the 27th of September. Since the 1930s, a re-enactment of the Battle of Puebla has been held each

This is a document about Puebla
 (an event now referred to as the “Grito de Dolores” — “Cry of Dolores” — or “El Grito de la Independencia”). Cinco de Mayo is an important celebration in a number of places the United States, but it is a minor holiday or even unknown in much of Mexico proper. The only place where the holiday, which commemorates the Battle of Puebla during the French Intervention in Mexico, is important is in the state of Puebla. The French army invaded the country in 1862 and marched from Veracruz towards the city of Puebla. Just outside the city, inexperienced Mexican troops

This is a document about Porfirio Díaz
 de los Festejos del Centenario Luctuoso de Porfirio Díaz Mori", which is headed by Francisco Jiménez. According to some, the fact that Díaz's remains have not been returned to Mexico "symbolises the failure of the post-Revolutionary state to come to terms with the legacy of the Díaz regime." List of notable foreign awards awarded to President Díaz: The main Mexican holiday is the Day of Independence, celebrated on September 16. Americans are more familiar with the Cinco de Mayo. Cinco de Mayo commemorates the date of the Battle of Puebla, in which Díaz participated, when a major victory was won

This is a document about Ignacio Zaragoza
 victory. It was included, along with Zaragoza's likeness, on Mexican 500-peso banknotes from 1995 to 2010 (Series D). In Mexico City, Zaragoza is honored with a Metro station named for him on Line 1. In the film "Cinco de Mayo La Batalla" (2013), Zaragoza was portrayed by Kuno Becker. Ignacio Zaragoza Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín (; March 24, 1829 – September 8, 1862) was a Mexican general and politician. He led the Mexican army that defeated invading French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862 (mostly celebrated in the United States as "Cinco de Mayo"). Zaragoza was born

This is a document about Battle of Puebla
 Mexico, primarily in the state of Puebla, where the holiday is celebrated as "El Día de la Batalla de Puebla" (English: The Day of the Battle of Puebla). There is some limited recognition of the holiday in other parts of the country. In the United States, this holiday has evolved into the very popular Cinco de Mayo holiday, a celebration of Mexican heritage. The 1858–60 Mexican civil war (known as The Reform War) had caused major distress throughout Mexico's economy. When taking office as the elected president in 1861, Benito Juárez was forced to suspend payments of interest on foreign

This is a document about Puebla (city)
 against General Rea and the other guerrillas that harassed the U. S. Army line of communications. These forces left in July 1848 after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was ratified. During the French intervention in Mexico on 5 May 1862 in the Battle of Puebla, defending Mexican forces under Ignacio Zaragoza defeated the French army under Count de Lorencez, which was considered to be the most powerful in the world at the time. The city’s name was changed to Puebla de Zaragoza in 1862, by a decree issued by Benito Juárez and the holiday "5 de Mayo" (Cinco de Mayo)

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 conclusion of the American Civil War, Napoleon III, facing a persistent Mexican guerilla resistance, the threat of war with Prussia, and "the prospect of a serious scrap with the United States", retreated from Mexico starting in 1866. The Mexicans recaptured Mexico City, and Maximilian I was apprehended and executed, along with his Mexican generals Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía Camacho in Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro. "On June 5, 1867, Benito Juárez finally entered Mexico City where he installed a new government and reorganized his administration." The Battle of Puebla was significant, both nationally and internationally, for several reasons. First,

This is a document about Mexican Revolution
 in the Battle of Puebla on 5 May 1862 ("Cinco de Mayo"). Díaz entered politics following the expulsion of the French in 1867. When Benito Juárez was elected in 1871, Díaz alleged fraud. Juárez died in office in 1872, and Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada succeeded him. Díaz unsuccessfully rebelled against Lerdo under the Plan de La Noria but later accepted the amnesty offered to him. However, when Lerdo ran for the presidency in 1876, Díaz successfully rebelled under the Plan de Tuxtepec. In his early years in the presidency, Díaz was a master politician, playing factions off one another while

This is a document about France–Mexico relations
 In 1866, Louis-Napoléon decided to withdraw French troops from Mexico due to American pressure and the fact that the rebel troops were successfully advancing on Mexico City. In 1867, Emperor Maximilian I was captured and executed in Querétaro thus ending the Second Mexican Empire. The events of the 1860 are commemorated in both France and Mexico to this day. In Mexico, Cinco de Mayo commemorates the Mexicans' victory over the French troops at the Battle of Puebla (May 5, 1862). Another defeat of the French – the destruction of the small, but heroic, French Foreign Legion force at the Battle

This is a document about Marcela Lobo Crenier
 Manuel Felguérez and Carmen Parra. In addition to creating her own work she has worked on collaborative projects in places such as the Centro Cultural Arte Contemporáneo, the workshop of Mercedes Escobar in Mexico City and the Alfartía Traditional workshop of Gorky González of Guanajuato. One notable collaborative relationship is with Uriarte Talavera, with her most recent work with them as a participant in the El Cinco de Mayo de 1862 exhibition, honoring the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Puebla. Lobo has had numerous collective exhibitions and a number of individual ones, consisting of collections of paintings, especially acrylics

This is a document about Ignacio Zaragoza
 Ignacio Zaragoza Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín (; March 24, 1829 – September 8, 1862) was a Mexican general and politician. He led the Mexican army that defeated invading French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862 (mostly celebrated in the United States as "Cinco de Mayo"). Zaragoza was born in the early Mexican Texas village of Bahía del Espíritu Santo (now Goliad, Texas, in the United States) in what was then the Mexican state of Coahuila y Texas. He was the son of Miguel G. Zaragoza and María de Jesús Seguín, who was a niece of Erasmo Seguín

This is a document about Demián Flores
 he collaborated with Uriarte Talavera to create ceramic pieces for an exhibition called Cinco de Mayo de 1862 in honor of the Battle of Puebla. He says his work is anchored in the reality of contemporary Mexico although much of his formation as an artist was influenced by the artistic tradition of Francisco Toledo . His paintings have a dream-like quality and mix images from Mexico’s past and present, such as the god Quetzalcoatl, pre Hispanic warriors, female fertility figures, pyramids, Benito Juárez and comic book characters. He frequently appropriates images from pop culture, especially baseball and lucha libre, but

This is a document about Uriarte Talavera
 from the workshop can be seen in the permanent collections of the Museo José Bello y Gonzalez in Puebla and the Franz Mayer Museum in Mexico City . In 2012, the workshop, along with the Franz Mayer Museum, sponsored an exhibition called "El cinco de mayo de 1862. Uriarte Talavera Contemporánea" May 5, 1862. Contemporary Uriarte Talavera. It was a project which involved a number of artists along with the enterprise’s artisans to create 64 pieces and eleven murals related to the Battle of Puebla to commemorate the battle’s 150 anniversary. The artists included Aída Aguilera, Luis Argudín, Silvia Barbescu,

This is a document about Cinco de Mayo
 although considerably outnumbered, the Mexicans defeated a much-better-equipped French army. "This battle was significant in that the 4,000 Mexican soldiers were greatly outnumbered by the well-equipped French army of 8,000 that had not been defeated for almost 50 years." Second, since the Battle of Puebla, some have argued that no country in the Americas has subsequently been invaded by any other European military force. Historian Justo Sierra has written in his "Political Evolution of the Mexican People" that, had Mexico not defeated the French in Puebla on May 5, 1862, France would have gone to the aid of the Confederacy

The Battle of Cinco de Mayo took place at the Mexican Army's fortress of Puebla, Mexico.


Question: when did china 's 1 child policy start

Answer: 1979

This is a document about One-child policy
 before being eliminated at the end of 2015. The policy also allowed exceptions for some other groups, including ethnic minorities. The term one-child policy is thus a misnomer, because for nearly 30 years of the 36 years that it existed (1979-2015) about half of all parents in China were allowed to have a second child. Provincial governments could (and did) require the use of contraception, sterilizations and abortions to ensure compliance and imposed enormous fines for violations. Local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work. According to the Chinese government, 400million births

This is a document about Missing women of China
 China, there is a substantial gap between HIV knowledge and infrequent condom use. Based on a sample of 506 migrants, about half of them had multiple sex partners and 89% of these migrants did not use condoms. In 1965, fourteen years before the one-child policy was implemented, China's fertility rate was 6.39 births per women. After the one-child policy in 1979, the fertility rate dropped to 2.75 births per women and quickly continued to fall in the years to come. Initially, China's goal was to get the fertility rate down to the replacement level of 2.1 births per women, but

This is a document about Abortion in China
 Abortion in China Abortion in China is legal and is a government service available on request for women. In theory this does not apply to sex-selective abortion, although this remains the basis for some women's requests. In addition to virtually universal access to contraception, abortion was a common way for China to contain its population in accordance with its one-child policy, in existence from 1979 to 2015. In the early 1950s, the Chinese government made abortion illegal save when 1) the mother had a preexisting condition, such as tuberculosis or pernicious anemia, that would cause the pregnancy to be a

This is a document about Missing women of China
 or ill parents. With socioeconomic improvements, modernization and the rise in women's status, son preference has declined in many urban areas in China but has persisted in some strictly traditional families and rural areas, reasserting itself under the one-child policy. The greatest shortfalls of females appear in parts of rural China where there are instances of 140 male births for every 100 female. China implemented its one-child policy from 1979 onwards, whereby a couple can only have one child and couples that violate the policy face penalties. This policy aims to restrict births, and to encourage most families to have

This is a document about Sheng nu
 Similarly, "shengnan" (剩男) or "leftover men" has also been used. The one-child policy (Family Planning Program) and sex-selective abortions in China have caused a growing disproportion in the country's gender balance. Since 1979, when the one-child policy was introduced, approximately 20 million more men than women have been born, or 120 males to 100 females born, and by 2020, China is expected to have 24 million more men than women. The global average is 103 males to 107 females. According to "The New York Times", the State Council of the People's Republic of China (Central People's Government) issued an "edict"

This is a document about Health in China
 smaller, which indicates health in children has been promoted. Maternal Mortality Ratio isn't showed in the graph due to having insufficient data, but it did go down from 164.5(1980) to 26.5(2011). Created in 1979, under Deng Xiaoping, the One-Child Policy incentivized families to have children later and to only have one child or risk penalization. The One-Child Policy was a program created by the Chinese government as a reaction to the increasing population during the 1970s, that was thought to have negatively impacted China's economic growth. Implementation of the program included rewarding families who followed the program, fining families who

This is a document about One-China policy
 government, but as a way for Washington to conduct international relations in the region, which Beijing fails to state. At the height of the Sino-Soviet split and Sino-Vietnamese conflict, and at the start of the reform and opening of the PRC, the United States strategically switched diplomatic recognition from the Republic of China (ROC) to the People's Republic of China (PRC) on January 1, 1979. When President Jimmy Carter in 1979 broke off relations with the ROC in order to establish relations with the PRC, Congress responded by passing the Taiwan Relations Act that maintained relations, but stopped short of

This is a document about Fertility factor (demography)
 have the oldest and the largest human population control programs in the world. In China, a one-child policy was introduced between 1978 and 1980, and began to be formally phased out in 2015 in favor of a two-child policy. The fertility rate in China fell from 2.8 births per woman in 1979 to 1.5 in 2010. However, the efficacy of the one-child policy itself is not clear, since there was already a sharp reduction from more than five births per woman in the early 1970s, before the introduction of the one-child policy. It has thereby been suggested that a decline

This is a document about Economy of China
 and family size limitation an obligation. Since 1970, the efforts have been much more effective. The third family planning program continued until 1979 when the one child per family policy was implemented. By the early 1980s, China's population reached around 1 billion and by the early 2000s, surpassed 1.3 billion. In the 1980s, the average overall population growth was around 1.5%. In the 1990s, this fell to about 1%. Today it is about 0.6%. China's population growth rate is now among the lowest for a developing country, although, due to its large population, annual net population growth is still considerable.

This is a document about Prevalence of birth control
 use contraception. Since the policy was put into place in 1979, over 400 million births have been prevented. Because of various exemptions, fertility rate is about 1.7 children per woman, down from 5.9 in the 1960s. A strong preference for boys and free access to fetus sex determination and abortion has resulted in an artificially high proportion of males in both rural and urban areas. Beginning January 1, 2016, China officially abolished the one-child policy. The Chinese government decided to allow families to have a second child to supposedly grow a bigger work force and allow the aging population to

This is a document about Child abandonment
 at least one instance of a child being tossed from a window of a high rise apartment. Persons in cultures with poor social welfare systems who are not financially capable of taking care of a child are more likely to abandon them. Several American states are moving towards passing legislation to prevent rehoming of children post adoption. However, national legislation may be needed to protect children from being rehomed in all states. China’s One Child Policy: In 1979 China introduced its one-child policy which set up penalties for families that chose to have more than one child. Women were compelled

This is a document about Human trafficking in China
  was forced into marriage from 2013 to 2017. This was then associated with the “One Child” policy in China, which was claimed to have caused the gender imbalance in China that reached its height in 2004, where about 121 boys were born for every 100 girls (Beech, 2019). China's ‘One Child’ policy was a program that officially started on September 25, 1980, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, as a way to curb China's rapid population growth rate, which was reaching the one-billion mark by the late 1970s (Pletcher 2020). The program later ended on October 29, 2015, where the rules were slowly relaxed to allow for a second child for every

This is a document about Human rights in China
  The Chinese government's birth control policy, known widely as the one-child policy, was implemented in 1979 by chairman Deng Xiaoping's government to alleviate the overpopulation problem. Having more than one child was illegal and punishable by fines. This policy has begun to be phased out, beginning in 2015. Voice of America cites critics who argue that the policy contributes to forced abortions, human rights violations, female infanticide, abandonment and sex-selective abortions, which are believed to be relatively commonplace in some areas of the country. Sex-selective abortions are thought to have been a significant contribution to the gender imbalance in mainland China, where there is a 118:100 ratio of male to female children reported. Forced abortions and sterilizations have also been reported. It has also been argued that the one-child policy is not effective enough to justify its costs, and that external factors caused a dramatic decrease in Chinese fertility

This is a document about Prevalence of birth control
  The one-child policy of the People's Republic of China requires couples to have no more than one child. Beginning in 1979, the policy was implemented to control rapid population growth. Chinese women receive free contraception and family planning services. Greater than 70% of those of childbearing age use contraception. Since the policy was put into place in 1979, over 400 million births have been prevented. Because of various exemptions, fertility rate is about 1.7 children per woman, down from 5.9 in the 1960s. A strong preference for boys and free access to fetus sex determination and abortion has resulted in an artificially high proportion of males in both rural and urban areas. Beginning January 1, 2016,

This is a document about Childbirth in China
  formalized in 1979 with the implementation of China’s Planned Birth Policy, often called the one-child policy. The policy was most restrictive in the early 1980s, when enforcement was dictated at the local and regional level. Extreme measures included forced sterilization and birth control methods, female infanticide and selective abortion; however legislation outlawed these by the 1990s. Typical enforcement measures included heavy fines for additional children, state-sponsored propaganda, the revocation of benefits, and job loss. Families were encouraged to have one child through monthly stipends for single-child households, longer paid maternity leave, priority when applying for public services such as schooling, housing and healthcare, and supplemental pensions. In addition, family planning resources, including birth control

This is a document about Women in China
  In 1956, the Chinese government publicly announced its goal to control the exponentially increasing population size. The government planned to use education and publicity as their main modes of increasing awareness. Zhou Enlai launched the first program for smaller families under the guidance of Madame Li Teh-chuan, the Minister of Health at the time. During this time, family planning and contraceptive usage were highly publicized and encouraged. The One-child policy, initiated in 1978 and first applied in 1979, mandated that each married couple may bear only one child except in the case of special circumstances. These conditions included, "the birth of a first child who has developed a non-hereditary disability that will make it difficult to perform productive labour later in life, the fact that both husband and wife are themselves single children, a misdiagnosis of barrenness in the wife combined with a passage of more than five years after the adoption of a child, and a remarrying husband and wife who have between them only one child." The law was relaxed in 2015.

This is a document about One-child policy
  The one-child policy (一孩政策) was a population planning initiative in China implemented between 1980 and 2015 to curb the country's growth by restricting many families to a single child. It had wide-ranging social, cultural, and economic effects. Its efficacy in reducing birth rates and defensibility from a human rights perspective have been subjects of controversy. China's family planning policies began to be shaped by fears of overpopulation in the 1970s, and officials raised the age of marriage and called for fewer and more broadly spaced births. A one-child limit was imposed in 1980 by a group of politicians including Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, and Li Xiannian. The policy was modified beginning in the mid-1980s to allow rural parents a second child if the first was a daughter. It

This is a document about Total fertility rate
  The TFR of China was 1.30 in 2020. China implemented the one-child policy in 1979 as a drastic population planning measure to control the ever-growing population at the time. In 2015, the policy was replaced with two-child policy as China's population is aging faster than almost any other country in modern history.

This is a document about Family planning policies of China
  China's family planning policies (Chinese: 计划生育政策) have included specific birth quotas (three-child policy, two-child policy and the one-child policy) as well as harsh enforcements of such quotas. Together, these elements constitute the population planning program of the People's Republic of China. China's program should not be confused with the family planning programs instituted in other countries, which were designed to encourage parents to have the number of children they desired—in China, the provision of contraception through family planning programs was subservient to a birth planning program under which the government designated how many births parents could have in order to control the size of its population. In Mao Zedong's time, the Chinese government had ambiguous and changing attitude towards family planning, especially during the Great Leap Forward. Family planning was first introduced in the 1950s as a "recommendation", yet had never been

The one-child policy in China started in 1979.