Question: how many members on the house of representatives

Answer: 435

This is a document about United States House of Representatives
 total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming. The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. In addition to this basic power, the House has certain exclusive powers which include the power to initiate all bills related to revenue, the impeachment of federal officers,

This is a document about Young Turks (U.S. politics)
 group, later wrote about how dire it was, "Republicans in the U.S. House of Representatives were reduced to a low of 140 of the 435 Members of Congress. There were so many Democrats that some had to sit in the Republican side of the [a]isle." The Young Turks decided it was time to take control and replace the top Republican leadership in Congress. They picked Gerald Ford over their other option, Melvin Laird (Wisconsin), to oust the presiding House Minority Leader, Charles Halleck. Their choice of Ford, and his subsequent win, set the stage for Ford to later be tapped

This is a document about Federalist No. 55
  Congress has the power to regulate the size of the House of Representatives, and the size of the House has varied through the years due to the admission of new states and reapportionment following a census. The House of Representatives began with sixty-five members and now, consists of 435 members. In 1911, Congress passed The Apportionment Act of 1911, also known as Public Law 62–5, which says that the United States House of Representatives can have no more than 435 members. Each state, is given at least one representative and the number of representatives per state varies based on population.

This is a document about United States House of Representatives
  The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper house. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The House's composition is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts allocated to each state on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district having one representative, provided that each state is entitled to at least one. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected. The number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. If enacted, the DC Admission Act would permanently increase the number of representatives to 436. In addition, there are currently six non-voting members, bringing the total membership of the House of Representatives to

This is a document about Federalist No. 55
  The House of Representatives is one of Congress' two chambers, and a part of the legislative branch. The House is responsible for making and passing federal laws. Each Representative is elected to a two-year term. The number of voting Representatives is fixed at 435, proportionally representing the population of the fifty states in the United States of America. The Representatives do not only introduce bills and resolutions, but they also serve on Committees and offer amendments. Article 1, Section 2 of the Constitution provides for both the minimum and maximum sizes for the House of Representatives. Currently, there are five delegates representing the District of Columbia, the Guam, American Samoa, The Virgin Islands, northern Mariana Islands, and the Commonwealth. Puerto Rico is represented by a resident commissioner. The delegates and resident commissioner possess the same powers as other members of the House, except that they may not vote when the House is meeting as the House of Representatives.

This is a document about Historian of the United States House of Representatives
  According to the official website for the House of Representatives: "The Office of the Historian studies and documents the rich history of the United States House of Representatives as a resource for Members, staff, scholars, the media, and the public. It both serves as the House's institutional memory and strives to inspire greater understanding about that body's central role in U.S. history. Since the First Federal Congress convened in New York City in April 1789, the U.S. House of Representatives has grown from 65 Representatives to 435. The House's evolving rules and procedures have filled many volumes, and, over time, it developed unique traditions and practices. During the past two centuries, Americans have elected more than 11,000 people to the House (far more than any other branch of government), reaffirming the founders’ intent that it be open and responsive to the

This is a document about Indiana's congressional districts
  List of members of the House delegation, their terms in office, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has 9 members: 7 Republicans and 2 Democrats. Members of the House of Representatives are elected every two years by popular vote within a congressional district. Indiana has nine congressional districts—this number is reapportioned based on the state's population, determined every ten years by a census. Indiana had a maximum representation of 13 congressmen from 1873 to 1933. Since 2003 Indiana has had nine representatives, which was reduced from ten after the 2000 census. This gives Indiana the fourteenth-largest delegation; during the period from 1853 to 1873 the state had the fifth-largest delegation.

This is a document about Michigan Legislature
  The House of Representatives is the lower house of the Legislature. Its members are elected on a partisan basis for two-year terms, at the same time at which Representatives in U.S. Congress are chosen. The House of Representatives consists of 110 members who are elected from single-member election districts ranging from 77,000 to 91,000 according to the most recent creation of districts (2012). Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures through the federal decennial census. Representatives' terms begin at noon on January 1 following their election. The House of Representatives Chamber in the State Capitol is located in the north wing of the State Capitol building. As of 2018, Republicans hold a majority of seats in the House of Representatives with 58, and Democrats hold 52 seats. The House of Representatives selects its own Speaker of the House and other officers and adopts its rules of procedure at the start of a new legislative session.

This is a document about List of United States congressional districts
  Congressional districts in the United States are electoral divisions for the purpose of electing members of the United States House of Representatives. The number of voting seats in the House of Representatives is currently set at 435 with each one representing approximately 711,000 people. That number has applied since 1913, excluding a temporary increase to 437 after the admissions of Alaska and Hawaii. The total number of state members is capped by the Reapportionment Act of 1929. In addition, each of the five inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D. C., sends a non-voting delegate to the House of Representatives. The Bureau of the Census conducts a constitutionally mandated decennial census whose figures are used to determine the number of congressional districts to which each state is entitled, in a process called "apportionment".

This is a document about History of the United States Congress
  not by the Constitution. The House grew in size as states were admitted throughout the 19th century, and as the nation grew in population. Since the Constitution allows for one representative for as few as 30,000 citizens, Congress passed new, higher limits for the House, which grew in size until a law passed in 1911, based on the National Census of 1910, established the present upper limit of 435 members of the House. Since the House's size was fixed but the population kept growing, instead of a congressperson representing only 30,000 citizens (as the Constitution had previously established), a congressperson represents 600,000 and more persons. There have also been and continue to be a small number of non-voting members who represent U.S. territories.

This is a document about United States congressional delegations from Indiana
  List of members of the House delegation, their terms in office, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 9 members, including 7 Republicans and 2 Democrats. Members of the House of Representatives are elected every two years by popular vote within a congressional district. Indiana has nine congressional districts—this number is reapportioned based on the state's population, determined every ten years by a census. Indiana had a maximum representation of 13 congressmen from 1873 to 1933. Since 2003 Indiana has had nine representatives, which was reduced from ten after the 2000 census. This gives Indiana the fourteenth-largest delegation; during the period from 1853 to 1873 the state had the fifth-largest delegation.

This is a document about United States House of Representatives
  Under Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, seats in the House of Representatives are apportioned among the states by population, as determined by the census conducted every ten years. Each state is entitled to at least one representative, however small its population. The only constitutional rule relating to the size of the House states: "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative." Congress regularly increased the size of the House to account for population growth until it fixed the number of voting House members at 435 in 1911. In 1959, upon the admission of Alaska and Hawaii, the number was temporarily increased to 437 (seating one representative from each of

This is a document about List of former members of the United States House of Representatives
  This is the main page for the alphabetized list of former members of the United States House of Representatives, which is accessible by using the above template. The list is incomplete. The number of former members of the House is at least 11,026.

This is a document about Michigan's congressional districts
  List of members of the House delegation, time in office, district maps, and the districts' political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has 14 members, including 7 Republicans and 7 Democrats.

This is a document about Massachusetts General Court
  Each Representative represents about 41,000 residents. The speaker of the House has historically been quite powerful, exerting significant influence over all aspects of state government. Representative districts are named for the primary county in which they are located, and tend to stay within one county, although some districts contain portions of adjacent counties. The current composition of the House is 128 Democrats, 30 Republicans and 1 unenrolled member.

This is a document about United States congressional apportionment
   The size of the U.S. House of Representatives refers to the total number of congressional districts (or seats) into which the land area of the United States proper has been divided. The number of voting representatives is currently set at 435. There are an additional five delegates to the House of Representatives. They represent the District of Columbia and the territories of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, which first elected a representative in 2008, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico also elects a resident commissioner every four years.

This is a document about United States congressional apportionment
  When talking about the populations within California's reapportioned House districts in 1951, a report from Duke University found that "[there] is not an excessive disparity in district populations, but [the populations and disparities are] perhaps larger than necessary." If the House continued to expand as it did prior to the Reapportionment Act of 1929, it would currently have 1,156 members (still just the second largest lower house, after China). This would give the representatives, on average, about 287 thousand constituents, on par with Japan's National Diet. The United States also has comparatively massive constituencies for OECD members, with almost three times more constituents per legislator on average than Japan and Mexico. The U.S. has the third most populous average legislative districts in the world (second if the EU's European Parliament is not included).

This is a document about 1st Georgia General Assembly
  The House of Representatives is the larger of the two chambers. Its 180 members represent districts from across the state, and it is presided over by the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the entire membership.

This is a document about Federalist No. 55
  States House of Representatives. The paper discusses critics' objections to the relatively small size of the House of Representatives (sixty-five members) because they believe that there aren't enough representatives to defend the country against the small group of legislators who are violating the rights of the people. Madison notes that the size of the House will increase as population increases. In addition, he states that the small size does not put the public liberty in danger because of the checks and balances relationship the House of Representatives has with the state legislatures, as well as the fact that every member is voted in by the people every two years.

This is a document about South Carolina's congressional districts
  List of members of the South Carolinian United States House delegation, their terms, their district boundaries, and the districts' political ratings according to the CPVI. The House delegation has 7 members, including 6 Republicans and 1 Democrat as of 2021.

The United States House of Representatives currently has 435 voting members.


Question: when did the new model bmw x3 come out

Answer: 2003

This is a document about BMW X3
 BMW X3 The BMW X3 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by German automaker BMW since 2003. Based on the BMW 3 Series platform, and now in its third generation, BMW markets the crossover as a "Sports Activity Vehicle", the company's proprietary descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The first generation X3 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all X3s under contract to BMW. BMW manufactures the second generation X3 at their Spartanburg plant in South Carolina, United States. The third generation of the BMW X3 is also manufactured at BMW

This is a document about BMW X3
 The BMW iX3 will be built in China, with Norway being among the first markets. BMW X3 The BMW X3 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by German automaker BMW since 2003. Based on the BMW 3 Series platform, and now in its third generation, BMW markets the crossover as a "Sports Activity Vehicle", the company's proprietary descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The first generation X3 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all X3s under contract to BMW. BMW manufactures the second generation X3 at their Spartanburg plant in South

This is a document about BMW
 were introduced in 1995. These were the first mass-produced models outside of the 1/3/5 Series and the first model to be solely manufactured outside Germany (in the United States, in this case). In 1998, the E46 3 Series was introduced, with the M3 model featuring BMW's most powerful naturally aspirated engine to date. BMW's first SUV, the BMW X5 (E53), was introduced in 1999. The X5 was a large departure from BMW's image of sporting "driver's cars", however, it was very successful and resulted in other BMW X Series being introduced. The smaller BMW X3 was released in 2003. 2001

This is a document about BMW X3
 by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all first generation X3s under contract to BMW. As a precursor to the X3, in 2003 BMW presented the "xActivity" concept vehicle at the Detroit Auto Show featuring the 3 Series platform and a fixed-profile convertible body style with reinforced longitudinal rails connect the A-pillars to the rear of the car on both sides, eliminating B- or C-pillars. The X3 premiered in September 2003 at the Frankfurt Auto Show (Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung), sharing its rear suspension with the E46 330xi and using an automatic four-wheel drive system marketed as

This is a document about Anders Warming
 studied at Art Centre College of Design Europe, Vevey, Switzerland and also the campus in Pasadena, California. He began his career at the BMW's DesignworksUSA studio in California in 1997. Warming also had a short tenure at Volkswagen from 2003 to 2005. He worked at various positions before returning to BMW headquarters in Munich in 2005. Warming contributed to the exterior designs of the new second generation iteration of the BMW X3. He also was known for his designs on the new BMW 5 series, Z4, and the new 6 series. He has worked under Chris Bangle when he was

This is a document about BMW
 the German company. Bavarian Auto Group became sole importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. At the BMW assembly plant in 6th of October City, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 are assembled from complete knock-down components. BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in Gurugram. A BMW assembly plant was opened in Chennai in 2007, assembling 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models from complete knock-down components. BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan. In July

This is a document about BMW X3
 South Africa's Rosslyn plant, a facility that recently underwent a major upgrade to prepare for the X3 production. About 76,000 units will be manufactured there annually. Designed to compete with the Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class (renamed GLC-Class since 2016), Audi Q5, Porsche Macan, Jaguar F-Pace, Volvo XC60, Lincoln MKC, Lexus NX, and the Range Rover Velar, it slots below the larger X5 and the Coupé-like X6, but above the smaller X1 and the X2. The first generation BMW X3, internally designated as the "E83", was produced from 2003 to 2010 and based on the BMW 3 Series platform. The E83 was designed

This is a document about BMW xDrive
 in, the switch to AWD is so strong that many luxury models are now predominantly AWD, though the 650 is the first high-end sport coupe defection among BMWs. Even more surprising is that the Coupe will only be available in AWD guise; if you want a 650 that powers only the rear wheels, you’ll have to opt for the ragtop version." xDrive was introduced in 2003 with the new X3 and the refreshed BMW 3 Series (E46). The first application of xDrive on V8-powered BMW cars (as opposed to crossover sport activity vehicles) was on the 2010 BMW 750i xDrive

This is a document about BMW X5
 with the BMW 5 Series performance luxury sedan. X5s are manufactured in Greer, South Carolina at the Spartanburg BMW plant and modified for armoured, security versions in Mexico at the BMW de México Toluca plant. Since July 2009, some assembly operations are also performed in Kaliningrad, Russia by Avtotor. Starting with the X5, BMW's "SAV" series has since expanded with derivatives of other BMW number-series models, first in 2003 with the BMW X3 compact luxury crossover, and then in 2008 with the BMW X6 midsize coupe luxury crossover which shares its platform with the X5. The BMW E53 X5 crossover

This is a document about BMW
 its first car, an F30 3 Series. The cars assembled at Araquari are the F20 1 Series, F30 3 Series, F48 X1, F25 X3 and Mini Countryman. Cars are assembled from complete knock-down components. BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa, was opened in 1969. In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada. BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008. Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China, May 2004 saw the opening of a factory in the North-eastern city of Shenyang where Brilliance Auto produces BMW-branded automobiles in a joint venture with

This is a document about Chris Bangle
 from 1981 until 1985. The first work that he designed is the interior of the Opel Junior concept car. He moved to Fiat in Italy in 1985, to work on the second generation Fiat Panda (released 2003). From 1990 he worked as a chief designer of the Fiat Coupé (released 1993). He became the first American chief of design of BMW on October 1, 1992, where he designed the Z9 Gran Turismo concept car. Bangle's designs are incorporated in the entire BMW lineup, including the BMW Z4, 1, 3, 5, 6 and7 series as well as the X3, X5, and

This is a document about BMW X3
  The iX3 is a battery electric version of the X3. Debuted in April 2018 as a concept model, production began in September 2020 at BMW's factory in Dadong, China and was released to customers in 2021.

This is a document about BMW X3
  The third generation is codenamed G01 and was unveiled in June 2017. Drivetrains include two 2.0-litre diesel units known as B47, a next-generation 3.0-litre diesel engine (B57), and a petrol variant (B58): a gasoline-powered, turbo-charged straight-six with a displacement of 2,998 cc and a plug-in hybrid. It was designed by Calvin Luk, BMW's Australian designer. Technology is shared with the BMW 5 Series (G30), such as gesture control (optional), LED exterior and interior lighting, and the BMW iDrive 6.0 system with a 12.5-inch touch-screen monitor for navigation systems. Depending on the model, the new X3 is as much as 55 kg lighter than a comparably equipped corresponding model from the previous X3 generation. In July 2018, BMW introduced the ability to option the X3

This is a document about BMW X3
  The first-generation BMW X3, internally designated as the E83, was produced from 2003 to 2010 and based on the BMW 3 Series platform. The E83 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria who also manufactured all first-generation X3s under contract to BMW. As a precursor to the X3, in 2003 BMW presented the xActivity concept vehicle at the Detroit Auto Show featuring the 3 Series platform and a fixed-profile convertible body style with reinforced longitudinal rails connect the A-pillars to the rear of the car on both sides, eliminating B- or C-pillars. The X3 premiered in September 2003 at the Frankfurt Auto Show (Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung), sharing

This is a document about BMW X6
  The third-generation X6 was unveiled on 3 July 2019 and sports more aggressive bodywork including an angular grille which can be illuminated as an option for the first time on a BMW. An M50i performance model is also new, replacing the xDrive50i model. The headlights mirror those on the X5, but the bumper designs and taillights are unique to the X6. Inside, a panoramic roof is standard, and 83 percent larger than the previous X6's. Sales began in November 2019. The X6 M and X6 M Competition performance models were revealed on 1 October 2019.

This is a document about BMW X3
 Europe North America  The F25 is the second generation of BMW X3. The vehicle was unveiled in 2010 at the 2010 Paris Motor Show. For this generation, production moved from Magna Steyr in Austria to at BMW's United States plant in Greer, South Carolina. Production started on 1 September 2010, and ended in August 2017. Dimensions-wise, the F25-based X3 is almost as large as the original E53 series X5. At launch, all models use all-wheel drive, badged as xDrive. Transmission choices are a six-speed manual or eight-speed ZF 8HP automatic transmission. The emission standard for all engines was Euro 5. A rear-wheel drive only model called sDrive was added to

This is a document about BMW X3
  The BMW X3 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by German automaker BMW since 2003. Based on the BMW 5 Series (G01) or BMW CLAR platform. Now in its third generation, BMW markets the crossover as a Sports Activity Vehicle, the company's proprietary descriptor for its X-line of vehicles. The first-generation X3 was designed by BMW in conjunction with Magna Steyr of Graz, Austria—who also manufactured all X3s under contract to BMW. BMW manufactured the second-generation X3 at their Spartanburg plant in South Carolina, United States. The third-generation of the BMW X3 is manufactured at BMW South Africa's Rosslyn plant, a facility that underwent a major upgrade to prepare for the X3 production, replacing the long-running 3 Series production in the plant. About 76,000 units will be manufactured there annually. It was considered as the first mid-size, premium SUV on the market. Only since 2008, X3 started competing with the Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class (renamed GLC-Class since 2016), and numerous other SUVs in this segment. Currently, it slots below the larger X5 and X6, and above the smaller X1 and the X2. An all-electric variant is sold as the BMW iX3.

This is a document about BMW X5
  The F15 X5 (or F85 for the X5 M) is the third generation of the X5, and was first unveiled to the public on 30 May, 2013. It officially debuted in November of 2013. It shared the same chassis and wheelbase as the E70, and introduced a choice of three engines. The range included the xDrive50i (petrol V-8 producing 450 bhp), the xDrive30d (turbocharged inline-6 diesel producing 258 bhp), and the M50d Performance (turbocharged inline-6 diesel producing 381 bhp). In December of 2013, additional engine options became available. This included the six-cylinder xDrive40d and xDrive35i models, as well as the four-cylinder xDrive25d (all-wheel drive) and sDrive25d (rear-wheel drive) models. BMW added a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle model (the xDrive40e), which was powered by a turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The xDrive40e's electric motor achieves a peak power output of 83 kW, and a continuous output of 55 kW with the 9kWh 351V Li-ion battery pack.

The BMW X3 was first introduced in 2003. The third generation of the BMW X3, which is the current model, was launched in 2017.


Question: who plays cassidy on law and order svu

Answer: Dean Winters

This is a document about Brian Cassidy
 his role." Brian Cassidy Detective Brian Cassidy is a fictional character played by Dean Winters in the American crime drama television series "" on NBC. A recurring cast member during the first season, Cassidy is a young and inexperienced detective with the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and the original partner of John Munch (Richard Belzer). The stress of the Special Victims Unit is too much for Cassidy, and he transfers to the narcotics unit in the middle of the season. Cassidy later returns in the finale working undercover for a pimp the SVU detectives are investigating. Winters

This is a document about Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)
 coming back." He also confirmed Dean Winters would return as well, "He's a terrific actor. ... Olivia has that line that Cassidy used to work in SVU "last century," and that's true. The show has legs. But I thought he had a lot of swag to him—I was very impressed. I thought the tension between Cassidy and Amaro was very believable." <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13) The thirteenth season of "" debuted on NBC on September 21, 2011, and concluded on May 23, 2012. With "" and "" having ended in July 2011 and June

This is a document about Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)
 was partnered with Brian Cassidy, who was portrayed by Dean Winters. However, Winters' contractual obligation to the HBO series "Oz" forced him to leave halfway through the season. Michelle Hurd, who portrayed Detective Monique Jeffries, filled Winters' void for the remainder of the season, and was at that point added to the main credits. The first season featured the highest number of crossover appearances in "SVU". Angie Harmon portrayed her "Law & Order" character ADA Abbie Carmichael for six episodes. Jerry Orbach (Det. Lennie Briscoe) and his new partner Jesse L. Martin (Det. Ed Green) were shown working together in

This is a document about Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
 Belzer looked at Winters as a sort of little brother, and told Wolf, "Well, I'll do this new show of yours, "SVU", only if you make Dean Winters my partner." Wolf did make Winters Belzer's partner, but he was contractually obligated to his other show at the time, the HBO drama "Oz". Since the role on "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" was only initially meant to be a few episodes, Winters was forced to leave when it was time to film "Oz" again. Winters returned for the Season 13 finale, "Rhodium Nights", reprising his role as Cassidy. He also

This is a document about John Munch
 the "Law & Order" spinoff "". He appeared in the first fifteen seasons of that series from 1999 to 2014, and occasionally as a guest thereafter. On "SVU", Munch becomes a senior detective in the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and is first partnered with Brian Cassidy (Dean Winters), followed by Monique Jeffries (Michelle Hurd), and Fin Tutuola (Ice-T). In the premiere, Munch is promoted to the rank of Sergeant and occasionally takes on supervisory functions within the department. In season 14, Munch is temporarily reassigned to the Cold Case Unit, after solving a decade-old child abduction case

This is a document about Brian Cassidy
 Brian Cassidy Detective Brian Cassidy is a fictional character played by Dean Winters in the American crime drama television series "" on NBC. A recurring cast member during the first season, Cassidy is a young and inexperienced detective with the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and the original partner of John Munch (Richard Belzer). The stress of the Special Victims Unit is too much for Cassidy, and he transfers to the narcotics unit in the middle of the season. Cassidy later returns in the finale working undercover for a pimp the SVU detectives are investigating. Winters had previously

This is a document about Olivia Benson
 "getting over someone". In season 1, Benson has a sexual relationship with one of her SVU colleagues, Detective Brian Cassidy (Dean Winters). In the episode "Closure", Benson refers to it as a drunken one-night stand. It is implied that the relationship continued based on comments in the episode "". Cassidy leaves the precinct at the end of that episode. In the season 5 episode "Lowdown", it is revealed Benson had a relationship with a murder victim who turned out to be gay and HIV positive. Medical Examiner Melinda Warner (Tamara Tunie) immediately tests Benson and the results come back negative.

This is a document about Brian Cassidy
  Detective Brian Cassidy is a fictional character played by Dean Winters in the American crime drama television series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit on NBC. A recurring cast member during the first season, Cassidy is a young and inexperienced detective with the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and the original partner of John Munch (Richard Belzer). The stress of the Special Victims Unit is too much for Cassidy, and he transfers to the Narcotics unit in the middle of the season. Cassidy later returns in the 13th-season finale working undercover for a pimp the SVU detectives are investigating. Winters had previously worked with creator Dick Wolf, but he was offered a role on SVU through Belzer, though the role proved to be temporary due to Winters' commitment to Oz. As Winters only remained with the series for 13 episodes, his character never had much of a chance to develop. Winters wanted to return to the show for a long time, though, and felt the time was right during the 13th-season finale. Critics were generally negative about Cassidy during the character's initial tenure on the show, but some were glad to see his return in "Rhodium Nights".

This is a document about Cassidy Freeman
  Cassidy Freeman (born April 22, 1982) is an American actress and musician. She is known for her roles as Tess Mercer in The CW's superhero drama Smallville and Cady Longmire in A&E's modern western Longmire.

This is a document about Pilot (Preacher)
  role. If we hadn't gotten him, I don't know what the f— we would've done." Gilgun spoke of his portrayal of Cassidy, remarking that "They let me by myself", while furthering that sentiment by stating, "They let me run riot and be a total a–hole and do my job [...] There's not the right words in the right order to describe it. 'Thanks' just feels a bit empty. And they pay me! They pay me to be a complete wanker every single day! And I’ve been doing that for years without making a f—ing penny." On April 9, 2015, Lucy Griffiths

This is a document about List of Tonawanda Kardex players
  "Cassidy"

This is a document about Joanna Cassidy
  District. Since 2000, Cassidy has appeared in the film Ghosts of Mars (2001) directed by John Carpenter, and had a recurring role as Margaret Chenowith on the HBO drama series Six Feet Under, for which she received an Emmy Award nomination. In 2004, she guest-starred in two episodes of Star Trek: Enterprise as T'Les (the Vulcan mother of Enterprise crewmember T'Pol), and she had a recurring role as Beverly Bridge on the series Boston Legal in 2006. She voiced the villainess, Hecubah, in the computer game Nox (2000) and once again voiced the character of Maggie Sawyer in the 2002 video game Superman: Shadow of Apokolips. In the spring of 2007, Cassidy

This is a document about Katie Cassidy
  Catherine Evelyn Anita Cassidy (born November 25, 1986) is an American actress. Following several minor television roles, she came to attention as a scream queen after starring in the horror films When a Stranger Calls (2006), as Kelli Presley in Black Christmas (2006) and as Ruby in the third season of the horror series Supernatural (2007–2008). Following a supporting role in the action film Taken (2008), Cassidy played leading roles in the mystery horror series Harper's Island (2009) and the remake of the drama series Melrose Place (2009–2010). She starred as Kris Fowles in the slasher film remake A Nightmare on Elm Street

This is a document about Joanna Cassidy
  (1990) and Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead (1991). In 1993, she co-starred with Dudley Moore on the sitcom Dudley, but the series only lasted for six episodes. She played the ex-wife of James Garner's lead character in the television movie, The Rockford Files: I Still Love L.A. (1994). Her other screen credits from this era include Barbarians at the Gate (1993), the miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's The Tommyknockers (1993), and Wes Craven's Vampire in Brooklyn (1995). Cassidy also provided the voice of Inspector Maggie Sawyer on The WB series Superman: The Animated Series, and had recurring guest roles on television series such as L.A. Law, Melrose Place, Diagnosis: Murder, and

This is a document about Brian Cassidy
  After the premiere of SVU, Variety's Phil Gallo felt that Cassidy was not given much to do, and what he comes up with is an "irksome single note". Entertainment Weeklys Bruce Fretts agreed that the audience did not get to see enough of Cassidy. Regarding Cassidy's return to the show, Brittany Frederick of Star Pulse said, "It was a pleasant surprise to see Dean Winters reprise his role as Detective Brian Cassidy last season; his character was with the show so briefly that we didn't really get to know him...Cassidy is an entirely different person now - as he should be after so many years absent - but there's an odd comfort in getting to see him again when the show could've easily come up with a random undercover cop to fill his role."

This is a document about Maggie Lawson
  Margaret Cassidy Lawson (born August 12, 1980) is an American actress who is best known for her role as Detective Juliet "Jules" O'Hara in the TV show Psych. From 2018 to 2019, she held the recurring role of Nathalie Flynn on Fox's Lethal Weapons third and final season.

This is a document about The Children's Parade
 Joey King as Cassidy

This is a document about List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit characters
 Portrayed by Dean Winters ; Episodes: "Payback" – "Disrobed", "Rhodium Nights" – "Above Suspicion", "Undercover Blue", "Her Negotiation" – "Downloaded Child", "Gone Fishin' – "Chasing Demons"  Brian Cassidy was a detective in the SVU during the series' first season. The youngest and least experienced member of the precinct, he has a genuine desire to put rapists and child molesters in prison, but lacked the professional detachment necessary to deal with the often grisly sex crimes. He often has trouble concealing his anger and revulsion toward the cases he investigates and this created friction between him and his colleagues, made worse when they poke fun at his relative lack of sophistication.

This is a document about Katie Cassidy
  across multiple CW Arrowverse shows. On March 27, 2017, it was announced that Cassidy would return to Arrow as a series regular for season 6; reprising the role of Black Siren. She continued in that role for the remaining duration of the show. The season 8 episode "Leap of Faith" marked her directorial debut. In 2016 Cassidy portrayed the character of Sharon (a character inspired by late fashion model and actress Sharon Tate) in the direct-to-digital-HD horror film Wolves at the Door, loosely based on the Manson Family's murders. Cassidy also stars in the 2017 PS4 game Hidden Agenda.

Brian Cassidy is played by Dean Winters on "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit."


Question: who was the composer who spanned the transition between classical and romantic eras

Answer: Ludwig van Beethoven

This is a document about Classical period (music)
 and the solo concerto, which featured a virtuoso solo performer playing a solo work for violin, piano, flute, or another instrument, accompanied by an orchestra. Vocal music, such as songs for a singer and piano (notably the work of Schubert), choral works, and opera (a staged dramatic work for singers and orchestra) were also important during this period. The best-known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Franz Schubert; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Salieri, Leopold Mozart, Johann Christian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck. Ludwig

This is a document about Germany
 and Georg Friedrich Händel; these men were influential composers of the Baroque period. During his tenure as violinist and teacher at the Salzburg cathedral, Augsburg-born composer Leopold Mozart mentored one of the most noted musicians of all time: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ludwig van Beethoven was a crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Carl Maria von Weber and Felix Mendelssohn were important in the early Romantic period. Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms composed in the Romantic idiom. Richard Wagner was known for his operas. Richard Strauss was a leading composer of the late Romantic and early

This is a document about Ludwig van Beethoven
 his honour, as is the main-belt asteroid 1815 Beethoven. Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Classical music, he remains one of the most recognised and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies; 5 piano concertos; 1 violin concerto; 32 piano sonatas; 16 string quartets; a mass, the "Missa solemnis"; and an opera, "Fidelio". Beethoven was born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the

This is a document about Ludwig van Beethoven
 Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (; ; baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Classical music, he remains one of the most recognised and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies; 5 piano concertos; 1 violin concerto; 32 piano sonatas; 16 string quartets; a mass, the "Missa solemnis"; and an opera, "Fidelio". Beethoven was born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire. He displayed his musical talents at

This is a document about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 in turn reflected in his later non-operatic compositions. Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between Classical and Romantic eras. More important is the influence Mozart had on composers of later generations. Ever since the surge in his reputation after his death, studying his scores has been a standard part of classical musicians' training. Ludwig van Beethoven, Mozart's junior by fifteen years, was deeply influenced by his work, with which he was acquainted as a teenager. He is thought to have

This is a document about Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
 Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven) The Symphony No. 3 in E major, Op. 55, (also Italian Sinfonia Eroica, "Heroic Symphony") is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven. One of the composer's most celebrated works, the "Eroica" symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of Beethoven's creative middle-period. Composed mainly in 1803–1804, the work is grounded in the Classical symphonic tradition while also stretching boundaries of form, length, harmony, and perceived emotional and possibly cultural content. It has therefore widely been considered an important landmark in the transition between the Classical period and the Romantic era. Symphony

This is a document about Romantic music
  Ludwig van Beethoven is considered one of the transitioning composers bridging the Classical era and the Romantic era. Other influential composers of the early Romantic era include Hector Berlioz, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Fanny Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn, Gioachino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, Niccolò Paganini, Franz Schubert, Clara Schumann, Robert Schumann, and Carl Maria von Weber. Later nineteenth-century composers would appear to build upon certain early Romantic ideas and musical techniques, such as the use of extended chromatic harmony and expanded orchestration. Such later Romantic composers include Anton Bruckner, Johannes Brahms, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Camille Saint-Saëns, Modest Mussorgsky, Antonín Dvořák, Alexander Borodin, Johann Strauss II, Richard Wagner, Bedřich Smetana, Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler, Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, Gabriel Fauré, Georges Bizet, Léo Delibes, Francisco Tárrega, Pablo de Sarasate, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Scriabin, Edward Elgar, Edvard Grieg, and Sergei Rachmaninoff.

This is a document about Transition from Classical to Romantic music
  It was not until the end of the nineteenth century that the emergent discipline of Musikwissenschaft (musicology) began to identify which composers contributed to the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, better known for composing classical music, incorporated opera, concerto, symphony, sonata, and string quartets which introduced Romantic qualities to music of the time. The concept of programmatic music was prevalent among transitional pieces such as Ludwig van Beethoven's titles of Eroica, Pastoral, and Pathetique. Giving compositions characteristic names was expanded upon by Romantic composers such as Richard Strauss and became standard. Franz Schubert took part in the Classical to Romantic transition by being considered the last of the classical composers in his earlier instrumental pieces, and the first of the romantics through his 600 art songs that were melodic and harmonic. After the transitional period, the virtuoso piano styles of the Romantics Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt were important to consolidating the Romantic movement, with Ludwig Van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Carl Maria von Weber, and John Field being prominent in the generation of early Romanticism.

This is a document about List of Romantic composers
  The Romantic era of Western Classical music spanned the 19th-century to the early 20th-century, encompassing a variety of musical styles and techniques. Part of the broader Romanticism movement of Europe, Ludwig van Beethoven is often seen as the dominant transitional figure composers from the preceding Classical era. Many composers began to channel nationalistic themes, such as Mikhail Glinka, The Five and Belyayev circle in Russia; Frédéric Chopin in Poland; Carl Maria von Weber in Germany; Edvard Grieg in Norway; Jean Sibelius in Finland; Giuseppe Verdi in Italy; Carl Nielsen in Denmark; Isaac Albéniz in Spain; Ralph Vaughan Williams and Edward Elgar in England; and Bedřich Smetana in what is now the Czech Republic. A European-wide debate took place, particularly in Germany, on what the ideal course of music was, following Beethoven's death. The New German School—primarily Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner—promoted progressive ideas, in opposition to more conservative composers such as Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann.

This is a document about Classical period (music)
  Haydn, Giovanni Paisiello, Johann Baptist Wanhal, François-André Danican Philidor, Niccolò Piccinni, Antonio Salieri, Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Georg Matthias Monn, Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Mauro Giuliani, Christian Cannabich and the Chevalier de Saint-Georges. Beethoven is regarded either as a Romantic composer or a Classical period composer who was part of the transition to the Romantic era. Schubert is also a transitional figure, as were Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Luigi Cherubini, Gaspare Spontini, Gioachino Rossini, Carl Maria von Weber, Jan Ladislav Dussek and Niccolò Paganini. The period is sometimes referred to as the era of Viennese Classicism (Wiener Klassik), since Gluck, Haydn, Salieri, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert all worked in Vienna.

This is a document about Transition from Classical to Romantic music
   The transition from the classical period of European Art music, which lasted around 1750 to 1820, to Romantic music, which lasted around 1815 to 1910, took place in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Composers began transitioning their compositional and melodic techniques into a new musical form which became known as the Romantic Era or Romanticism due to the implementation of lyrical melodies as opposed to the linear compositional style of Classical music.

This is a document about Ludwig van Beethoven
  Ludwig van Beethoven (, ; baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. The "early" period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his "middle" period showed an individual development from the

This is a document about History of music
  form matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. The early Classical period was ushered in by the Mannheim School, which included such composers as Johann Stamitz, Franz Xaver Richter, Carl Stamitz, and Christian Cannabich. It exerted a profound influence on Joseph Haydn and, through him, on all subsequent European music. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the central figure of the Classical period, and his phenomenal and varied output in all genres defines our perception of the period. Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert were transitional composers, leading into the Romantic period, with their expansion of existing genres, forms, and even functions of music.

This is a document about Serbophilia
  Brahms— German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period. ; Franz Liszt — Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, and organist of the Romantic era. ; Arthur Rubinstein — Polish-American classical pianist. ; Antonín Dvořák — Czech composer, one of the first to achieve worldwide recognition. ; Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — Russian composer of the Romantic period (See Serbo-Russian March). ; Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov — Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five (See Fantasy on Serbian Themes). ; Franz Schubert — Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. ; Hans Huber — Swiss composer. Between

This is a document about Pietro Raimondi
   Pietro Raimondi (December 20, 1786, Rome – October 30, 1853) was an Italian composer, transitional between the Classical and Romantic eras. While he was famous at the time as a composer of operas and sacred music, he was also as an innovator in contrapuntal technique as well as in creation of gigantic musical simultaneities. Raimondi was born in Rome, and received his early education in Naples. He spent part of his early career in Genoa, and then in Sicily, where he had operas performed in Catania and Messina; however he moved back to Naples in 1820, and began a career as

This is a document about Composer
  to survive without being permanent employees of queens or princes. The increasing popularity of classical music led to a growth in the number and types of orchestras. The expansion of orchestral concerts necessitated the building of large public performance spaces. Symphonic music including symphonies, musical accompaniment to ballet and mixed vocal/instrumental genres such as opera and oratorio became more popular. The best known composers of Classicism are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. Beethoven and Schubert are also considered to be composers in the later part of the Classical era, as it began to move towards Romanticism.

This is a document about Western canon
  reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836. In classical music, during the nineteenth century a "canon" developed which focused on what was felt to be the most important works written since 1600, with a great concentration on the later part of this period, termed the Classical period, which is generally taken to begin around 1750. After Beethoven, the major nineteenth-century composers include Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Frédéric Chopin, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, Anton Bruckner, Giuseppe Verdi, Gustav Mahler, and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. In the 2000s, the standard concert repertoire of

This is a document about Music
  concerts and compositions, but it was now possible for composers to survive without being permanent employees of queens or princes. The increasing popularity of classical music led to a growth in the number and types of orchestras. The expansion of orchestral concerts necessitated the building of large public performance spaces. Symphonic music including symphonies, musical accompaniment to ballet and mixed vocal/instrumental genres such as opera and oratorio became more popular. The best known composers of Classicism are Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Johann Christian Bach, Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. Beethoven and Schubert are also considered to be composers in the later part of the Classical era, as it began to move towards Romanticism.

This is a document about History of music
  In the Romantic period, music became more expressive and emotional, expanding to encompass literature, art, and philosophy. Famous early Romantic composers include Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti, and Berlioz. The late 19th century saw a dramatic expansion in the size of the orchestra, and in the role of concerts as part of urban society. Famous composers from the second half of the century include Johann Strauss II, Brahms, Liszt, Tchaikovsky, Verdi, and Wagner. Between 1890 and 1910, a third wave of composers including Grieg, Dvořák, Mahler, Richard Strauss, Puccini, and Sibelius built on the work of middle Romantic composers to create even more complex – and often much longer – musical works. A prominent mark of late 19th century music is its nationalistic fervor, as exemplified by such figures as Dvořák, Sibelius, and Grieg. Other prominent late-century figures include Saint-Saëns, Fauré, Rachmaninoff, Franck, Debussy and Rimsky-Korsakov.

This is a document about 19th century
 Mily Balakirev ; Ludwig van Beethoven ; Hector Berlioz ; Georges Bizet ; Alexander Borodin ; Johannes Brahms ; Anton Bruckner ; Frédéric Chopin ; Claude Debussy ; Antonín Dvořák ; Mikhail Glinka ; Edvard Grieg ; Scott Joplin ; Alexandre Levy ; Franz Liszt ; Gustav Mahler ; Felix Mendelssohn ; Modest Mussorgsky ; Jacques Offenbach ; Niccolò Paganini ; Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov ; Gioachino Rossini ; Anton Rubinstein ; Camille Saint-Saëns ; Antonio Salieri ; Franz Schubert ; Robert Schumann ; Alexander Scriabin ; Arthur Sullivan ; Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ; Giuseppe Verdi ; Richard Wagner Sonata form matured during the Classical era to become the primary form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the 19th century was referred to as being in the Romantic style. Many great composers lived through this era such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Richard Wagner. The list includes:

Ludwig van Beethoven is the composer who is most commonly identified as having spanned the transition between the classical and romantic eras in classical music.


Question: who is the original singer of you were always on my mind

Answer: Gwen McCrae

This is a document about Always on My Mind
 Always on My Mind "Always on My Mind" is a song by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, and Wayne Carson, recorded first by B.J. Thomas in 1969, then Gwen McCrae (as "You Were Always on My Mind") and Brenda Lee in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Brenda Lee's version had stalled at number 45 on the country charts in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  "Always on My Mind" is a ballad written by Wayne Carson, Johnny Christopher, and Mark James, first released by Gwen McCrae (as "You Were Always on My Mind") in 1972. Brenda Lee also released a version in 1972. The song has been a crossover hit, charting in both the country and western and pop categories. AllMusic lists over 300 recorded releases of the song in versions by dozens of performers. While Lee's version stalled at number 45 on the US country chart in 1972, other performers reached the top 20 in the United States and elsewhere with their own versions: Elvis Presley in 1972; John Wesley Ryles in 1979; Willie Nelson's Grammy Award-winning version in 1982; and Pet Shop Boys in 1987.

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  In 1979, John Wesley Ryles reached number 20 on the US Hot Country Songs chart with his rendition, retitled "You Are Always on My Mind", from the album Let the Night Begin. The rendition was produced by Bob Montgomery. A review in Billboard praised the "brightly mixed vocals" and "powerful production".

This is a document about Cofield Mundi
  Cofield has co-written with notable artists and writers, like Russell Dickerson, whose single Yours debuted at No. 1 on Billboard's Heat Seeker chart, Cary Barlowe,  Adam Zelkind, Jeff Cohen,  Matthew Puckett  and Wayne Carson,  who wrote the all-time classic “Always on my Mind” recorded and performed by numerous stars including Elvis Presley, Wille Nelson, Dolly Parton, Johnny Cash and Pet Shop Boys. Cofield has recorded in some of the most renowned studios worldwide, including Abbey Road Studios in London. Cofield gained recognition after the release of her first album, Ceremony (Fresh Music) in 2003 which was nominated for Best Pop Album at the South African Music Awards SAMA'S 2004. Her second album, The Big Question (Universal Music Group) was nominated for Best Adult Contemporary album at the

This is a document about You Were on My Mind
  "You Were on My Mind" is a popular song written by Sylvia Fricker in 1961. It was originally recorded by Ian & Sylvia, but better known versions were recorded by We Five and Crispian St. Peters.

This is a document about Always on My Mind
  "Always On My Mind" did not see completion until late 1971. Songwriter-guitarist Wayne Carson had about two verses done, with the working title "You Were Always On My Mind". He had been occupied in Memphis on a project that required him to stay ten days longer, and he phoned his wife in Springfield, Missouri, to apologize for the delay. She was angry, and he replied: "Well, I know I’ve been gone a lot, but I’ve been thinking about you all the time." His words struck him as potential song material, and he quickly ended the call so he could capture the idea on paper. He brought the

This is a document about 1982 in country music
 Entertainer of the Year — Alabama ; Song of the Year — "Always on My Mind", Johnny Christopher, Wayne Carson Thompson and Mark James (Performer: Willie Nelson) ; Single of the Year — "Always on My Mind", Willie Nelson ; Album of the Year — Always on My Mind, Willie Nelson ; Male Vocalist of the Year — Ricky Skaggs ; Female Vocalist of the Year — Janie Fricke ; Vocal Duo of the Year — David Frizzell and Shelly West ; Vocal Group of the Year — Alabama ; Horizon Award — Ricky Skaggs ; Instrumentalist of the Year — Chet Atkins ; Instrumental Group of the Year — Alabama

This is a document about Linda Ronstadt, Stone Poneys and Friends, Vol. III
  credited to its writer's stage name, Dino Valenti – was first recorded by the mainstream folk-pop band the Kingston Trio in 1964. Best known from the Top 5 hit in 1969 by The Youngbloods (who originally released it in 1967), the song is widely regarded as a quintessential hippie/flower power appeal for peace and brotherhood. It was recorded in the 1960s by many other artists, including Judy Collins, Jefferson Airplane and The Byrds. In 1965, a version by We Five reached No. 31 on the singles charts, as a follow-up to their major hit "You Were on My Mind". The Laura Nyro

This is a document about Willie Nelson
  Julio Iglesias titled "To All the Girls I've Loved Before". In 1982, Pancho & Lefty, a duet album with Merle Haggard produced by Chips Moman was released. During the recording sessions of Pancho and Lefty, session guitarist Johnny Christopher and co-writer of "Always on My Mind", tried to pitch the song to an uninterested Haggard. Nelson, who was unaware of Elvis Presley's version of the song asked him to record it. Produced by Moman, the single of the song was released, as well as the album of the same name. The single topped Billboards Hot Country Singles, while it reached number five on

This is a document about American Idols Live! Tour 2009
 Michael Sarver - "In Love with a Girl" (Gavin DeGraw), "Closer" (Ne-Yo) ; Megan Joy - "Put Your Records On" (Corinne Bailey Rae), "Tears Dry on Their Own" (Amy Winehouse) ; Scott MacIntyre - "Bend and Break" (Keane), "A Thousand Miles" (Vanessa Carlton) ; Lil Rounds - "Be Without You"/"Just Fine" (Mary J. Blige), "No One" (Alicia Keys) and "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" (Beyoncé Knowles) ; Anoop Desai - "Always on My Mind" (Willie Nelson), "Mad" (Ne-Yo) and "My Prerogative" (Bobby Brown) ; Matt Giraud - "Hard to Handle" (Otis Redding/The Black Crowes), "Georgia on My Mind" (Ray Charles) and "You Found Me" (The Fray) ; Group medley - Megan & Lil "Can't Take My Eyes off You" (Frankie Valli), Matt & Scott "Tell Her About It" (Billy

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Houston Person album)
  Always on My Mind is an album by saxophonist Houston Person featuring jazz versions of pop hits recorded in 1985 and released on the Muse label early the following year.

This is a document about We Five
  Record label A&M Records, owned by Herb Alpert, responded to the new popularity of folk and rock music by adding new artists starting in 1965 to its existing line-up of middle-of-the road material turned out by Alpert's Tijuana Brass, the Baja Marimba Band, and Brasil '66. In addition to We Five, Alpert's label released albums by Boyce and Hart, the Garden Club, Chris Montez, and The Merry-Go-Round. We Five's first album produced a major hit with the title tune, Stewart's re-arrangement of the Ian & Sylvia song "You Were on My Mind". Stewart made several changes to the original Sylvia Tyson composition, and the song went directly

This is a document about Beverly Bivens
  Five's recording had only limited international success, having been covered reluctantly, though successfully, in Britain by Crispian St. Peters. On October 2, 1965, We Five performed You Were on My Mind live on the ABC television show The Hollywood Palace, on which they were introduced by guest compère Fred Astaire. Video footage of this performance survives, as does that of appearances around the same time on the Jack Benny and Bob Hope shows and Shivaree. There have been some claims that Bivens did not sing on the original studio recording of You Were on My Mind and that the female voice was that of another artist. However, most sources, including We Five's Jerry Burgan in his 2014 memoir, have rejected this suggestion.

This is a document about Mark James (songwriter)
  Mark James Trio released the album "She's Gone Away" in 1978 on Crazy Cajun Records with fellow band members Joey Longoria and Bobby Winder. A decade after "Always on My Mind" was released, Willie Nelson covered it and it became a huge hit for him. James won a Grammy Award for Song of the Year and Grammy Award for Best Country Song for Nelson's version. The United Kingdom's Pet Shop Boys released a successfully charting version of "Always on My Mind" in 1987 which reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 4 in the US. On October 11, 2015, James entered the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame.

This is a document about Johnny Christopher
  Christopher’s singles included “(She's A) Girl Of Many Colors / The Teacher And The Pet” (1969) and “Love Stuff” (1972). As a songwriter, he wrote ”Mama Liked the Roses" for Elvis Presley and co-wrote "Always on My Mind" with Mark James and Wayne Carson, a song first released by Gwen McCrae in 1972. Brenda Lee and Elvis Presley also recorded and released the song in 1972. The song has been covered by several well-known artists including John Wesley Ryles and the Pet Shop Boys. For Willie Nelson's 1982 cover, Christopher, James, and Carson won Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Country Song, 10 years after its original release. He also co-wrote the 1974 song "If You Talk in Your Sleep" for Elvis Presley with Red West. As of 2014, he is no longer in the music industry.

This is a document about Cowpunk
  music was associated with conservative political values and highly-produced commercial music. Don McLeese said the ways that youth associated country music made them not realize that it had youthful, exuberant "Hillbilly music" roots in earlier eras. Joey Camp says he was turned off country as a teen in the early 1980s because he mistakenly thought that the "...countrypolitan fare" then popular on commercial radio, such as "Islands in the Stream" by "Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton, "Queen of Hearts" by Juice Newton, and "Always On My Mind" by Willie Nelson" was the extent of country music. Music writer Peter Doggett has

This is a document about Beyond the Sea (song)
 Acker Bilk ; Dalida ; Django Reinhardt ; Gisele MacKenzie ; Harry James – Columbia 38134 (1948) ; James Melton (1952) ; Mantovani ; Ray Conniff (1962) ; Helen Shapiro on her album A Teenager in Love (1963) ; The Sandpipers (on the album Guantanamera as "La Mer (Beyond the Sea)", 1965) ; Françoise Hardy (1965) ; George Benson (1984) ; We Five released a version in 1965 as the B-side of the no. 1 hit "You Were on My Mind". ; Royal Crown Revue recorded it in 1998 on the Mugsy's Move album. ; Robbie Williams released a version of the song on his album Swing When You're Winning in 2001, which was

This is a document about Always on My Mind (Tiki Taane song)
  "Always On My Mind" is a single by the New Zealand singer Tiki Taane. It was released as the first single from Taane's first solo album, Past, Present, Future. It reached number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The song has been certified 2x Platinum and made it to #1 in New Zealand, knocking Chris Brown off the top spot after a seven-week reign. The song spent nineteen non-consecutive weeks in the top ten, including two weeks at number one, and a total of fifty-five weeks in the chart so far. "Always On My Mind" has also become one of the most successful singles of all time in New Zealand, landing at number one on the Best of All Time Singles Chart, a chart that has been tracking singles since 1994. The title was previously held by "Bathe in the River" by Hollie Smith. In September 2019, Taane re-recorded the song for Waiata / Anthems, a collection of re-recorded New Zealand pop songs to promote te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week). The new version, retitled "Kei Tōku Ngākau Nei Koe / Always on My Mind", featured lyrics reinterpreted by scholar Tīmoti Kāretu.

This is a document about 1966 in music
  Love Me" – Dusty Springfield • "You Don't Know Like I Know" – Sam & Dave • "You Got Soul" – The Twilights • "You Got Your Head on Backwards" – The Sonics • "You Still Believe In Me" – The Beach Boys • "You Were On My Mind" – Crispian St. Peters • "You Won't Be Leaving" – Herman's Hermits • "Younger Girl" – The Critters • "You're Gonna Hear from Me" – Andy Williams • "(You're Gonna) Hurt Yourself" – Frankie Valli • "You're Gonna Miss Me" – The 13th Floor Elevators • "You're On My Mind" – The Animals

The original recording of "You Were Always on My Mind" was by Gwen McCrae in 1972. However, the version that became a major hit and is widely recognized as the classic version is by Brenda Lee in 1974.


Question: who was the us at war with in ww2

Answer: Japan

This is a document about Military history of the United States during World War II
 Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made official in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend-Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the

This is a document about Aeromedical evacuation
 War for medical treatment in Nazi Germany. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by a US Army Sikorsky in Burma during WW2, and the first dedicated use of helicopters by U.S. forces occurred during the Korean War, between 1950 and 1953. The first crude attempts at evacuating patients by air were made on biplanes in 1918. Shortly thereafter, JN-4s and DH-4 bombers were modified by the Army Air Service for carrying litters. In 1921 the Curtiss Eagle was developed, the first aircraft designed specifically for the transport of patients. It

This is a document about Air medical services
 pilot. The French evacuated over 7,000 casualties during that period. By 1936, an organized military air ambulance service evacuated wounded from the Spanish Civil War for medical treatment in Nazi Germany; this service continued during the Second World War. The first use of medevac with helicopters was the evacuation of three British pilot combat casualties by a US Army Sikorsky in Burma during WW2, and the first dedicated use of helicopters by U.S. forces occurred during the Korean War, between 1950 and 1953. The French used light helicopters in the First Indochina War. While popularly depicted as simply removing casualties

This is a document about Argentina–United States relations
 during WW2 was marked by two distinct phases. During the early years of the war, Argentine President Roberto M. Ortiz sought to provide economic support to the Allies as during WWI, even proposing to US President Roosevelt that both countries join the Allies together as non-belligerents in 1940. However his proposal was snubbed at the time, as Roosevelt was in the middle of elections. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, US foreign-policy worked to unite all of Latin America in a coalition against Germany. Argentina's neutralist stance, however, had hardened following the resignation of President Ortiz due to diabetes,

This is a document about SS Colgate Victory
 Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for WW2. Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle. SS "Colgate Victory" was loaded full with 6,000 pounds of blockbuster bomb 500 lb. bombs and sent to help with the Battle of Okinawa and the planned invasion of Japan. She delivered the bombs to Marshall Islands at Enewetak Atoll base and

This is a document about Michael Rogge
 and conflicts in post-WW2 Japanese society, in the background of fierce opposition to the Japan-US Security Treaty. It portrayed how labor relations had eroded in Japan during that period, which led to political agitations causing violent demonstrations on the streets of Tokyo. From January 18 to February 28, 2009, the same exhibition was partly repeated at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan (FCCJ), Tokyo and appeared as the featured cover story for the February 2009 edition of FCCJ's magazine, Number 1 Shimbun. Photographic material presented in this exhibition also appeared in the book titled "Showa Japan: The Post-War Golden Age

This is a document about USNS Clarksburg (T-AG-183)
 15 August 1945, she was not needed to help with the bloody invasion of Japan mainland. She was placed in service on 15 October 1945. Victory ships were designed to replace the earlier Liberty Ships. Liberty ships were designed to be used just for WW2. Victory ships were designed to last longer and serve the US Navy after the war. The Victory ship differed from a Liberty ship in that they were: faster, longer and wider, taller, a thinner stack set farther toward the superstructure and had a long raised forecastle. She was operated by Olympic SS Company as a

This is a document about Roots: The Next Generations
 urges Simon to stop interfering. Meanwhile, on December 7, 1941 the Empire of Japan attacks the USA at Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii, thus drawing the US into the new war. By this time Scotty has advanced to the rate of chief petty officer (chief steward's mate). By July 1942 Alex and Chief Scott are somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean aboard USS "Murzim" (AK-95), an ammunition ship, one of several Naval vessels manned by Coast Guard crews during WW2. Scotty asks Alex why he receives so many letters, and he answers, in effect, that, if he wishes

This is a document about Jewish Brigade
 brigade's soldiers, 78 were mentioned in dispatches, and 20 received military decorations (7 Military Medals, 7 Order of the British Empire medals, 4 Military Crosses, and 2 US awards).. Veterans of the Brigade were later entitled to The Volunteer Ribbon and the Fighters against Nazis Medal of the State of Israel. On 3 October 2018, after a unanimous support vote by the Italian Parliament, the war flag of the Jewish Brigade Group was awarded the Italian "Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare" for its contribution to the liberation of Italy during WW2. The medal was attached to the warflag of the

This is a document about Mašťov
 effects of the First World War in terms of homeless and unemployed. Gradually the town recovers with economy booming just to be thrown back to slow down due to worldwide economic crisis. Throughout the WW2 the town of Mastov is considered to be part of the Sudetenland awarded to Germany through treaty between Germany, France, and England with all Czech residents forced to leave their homes and move to the central part of Czech Republic. Post WW2 Mastov have slowly recovered but never fully developed into the business and industrial town it once was. Currently the town consistently improves on

This is a document about Operation Paperclip
 2012, which highlighted his connection to human experiments during WW2, the Space Medicine Association’s Executive Committee announced that the Space Medicine Association Strughold Award had been retired. (see List of German rocket scientists in the US). Operation Paperclip Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) largely carried out by Special Agents of Army CIC, in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were recruited, after the end of World War II, in Germany and taken to the U.S. for government employment, primarily

This is a document about Miriam Rothschild
 result of this and her lack of formal education—all her doctorates were honorary—she would always be an "amateur". Prior to World War II, she pressed the UK Government to admit more German Jews as refugees from Nazi Germany. During the war, she worked at Bletchley Park on codebreaking. In 1943, she married Captain George Lane, MC. a WW2 commando, who was a non-practicing Hungarian Jew whose surname had been changed from Lanyi for security reasons.They had seven children, four of which survived to adulthood. The marriage was dissolved in 1957 and in 1963 Lane married Elizabeth Heald, daughter of Sir

This is a document about Edgewater Towers
 development of St Kilda and of Melbourne post-WW2; and also for the diverse residents, famous and otherwise, across all areas of life, who have lived there. Edgewater Towers Heritage Recognition Plaque wording: Designed by architect Mordechai Benshemesh and built in 1961, Edgewater Towers was Melbourne's first privately developed high rise apartment block. It's multi-storey slab construction and international style promised Melburnian's sophisticated living with a beautiful view. Noted residents include Josef Ganz, the Jewish automotive engineer who was the originator of the Volkswagen. After fleeing Germany during World War 11, he emigrated to Australia and worked for General Motors Holden.

This is a document about Causes of World War II
  war against the Government and the people of the United States of America" as the cause. Four days later, the US was brought into the European war when on December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States. Hitler chose to declare that the Tripartite Pact required Germany to follow Japan's declaration of war although American destroyers escorting convoys and German U-boats had been de facto at war in the Battle of the Atlantic. The declaration of war effectively ended US isolationist sentiment, and the country immediately reciprocated and so formally entered the war in Europe.

This is a document about List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
  The first began in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino-Japanese War; the other began in Europe in 1939 with the German and Soviet invasion of Poland. This global conflict split the majority of the world's nations into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. The United States was drawn into World War II on December 8, 1941, a day after the Axis-member Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu that killed almost 2,500 people in what was considered the biggest peacetime loss on American soil inflicted by foreign people at that time. For actions during World War II, 472 United States military personnel received

This is a document about Total war
  attacks on American and British forces in Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaya, and the U.S. naval base and warships at Pearl Harbor. In response to these attacks, the U.K. and U.S. declared war the next day. Nazi Germany declared war on the U.S. a few days later, along with Fascist Italy; the U.S. found itself fully involved in a second world war. As the United States began to gear up for a major war, information and propaganda efforts were set in motion. Civilians (including children) were encouraged to take part in fat, grease, and scrap metal collection drives. Many factories making non-essential goods retooled for war production. Levels of industrial productivity previously unheard of were attained during the

This is a document about History of United States foreign policy
  The same pattern which emerged with the first world war continued with the second: warring European powers, blockades, official U.S. neutrality but this time President Roosevelt tried to avoid all of Wilson's mistakes. American policy substantially favored Britain and its allies, and the U.S. getting caught up in the war. Unlike the loans in World War I, the United States made large-scale grants of military and economic aid to the Allies through Lend-Lease. Industries greatly expanded to produce war materials. The United States officially entered World War II against Germany, Japan, and Italy in December 1941, following the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. This time the U.S. was a full-fledged member of the Allies

This is a document about Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor
  On December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States, and the United States reciprocated, formally entering the war in Europe. German dictator Adolf Hitler and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini were under no obligation to declare war on the United States under the mutual defense terms of the Tripartite Pact until the US counterattacked Japan. However, relations between the European Axis Powers and the United States had deteriorated since 1937. The United States had been in an undeclared state of war with Germany in the Battle of the Atlantic since Roosevelt publicly confirmed shoot on sight on 11 September 1941. Hitler could no longer

This is a document about Fliegerführer Atlantik
  Hitler's declaration of war against the United States on 11 December 1941, in support of his Axis partner, the Empire of Japan, opened up the western Atlantic and American shipping to U-boats which had previously been ordered to avoid contact with the then-neutral Americans. The decision provided immediate tactical advantages against the unprepared Americans along the East Coast of the United States. The campaign became known as the "Second Happy Time" to U-boat crews, but not to Fliegerführer Atlantik. On 5 January 1942, Harlinghausen was replaced by Ulrich Kessler. Kessler endured the same supply problems as his predecessor. He was unable

This is a document about Military history of the United States during World War II
  On 11 December 1941, three days after the United States declared war on Japan, Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany declared war against the United States. That same day, the United States declared war on Germany and Italy.

The United States was at war with the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) during World War II.


Question: the most common structure of sugars in solution is

Answer: ring form

This is a document about Sugar
 form ring structures. In these closed-chain forms, the aldehyde or ketone group remains non-free, so many of the reactions typical of these groups cannot occur. Glucose in solution exists mostly in the ring form at equilibrium, with less than 0.1% of the molecules in the open-chain form. Biopolymers of sugars are common in nature. Through photosynthesis, plants produce glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a phosphated 3-carbon sugar that is used by the cell to make monosaccharides such as glucose () or (as in cane and beet) sucrose (). Monosaccharides may be further converted into structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and pectin for cell

This is a document about Fructose
   Fructose is a 6-carbon polyhydroxyketone. Crystalline fructose adopts a cyclic six-membered structure, called β--fructopyranose, owing to the stability of its hemiketal and internal hydrogen-bonding. In solution, fructose exists as an equilibrium mixture of the tautomers β--fructopyranose, β--fructofuranose, α--fructofuranose, α--fructopyranose and keto--fructose (the non-cyclic form). The distribution of -fructose tautomers in solution is related to several variables, such as solvent and temperature. -Fructopyranose and -fructofuranose distributions in water have been identified multiple times as roughly 70% fructopyranose and 22% fructofuranose.

This is a document about Sugar
   Scientifically, sugar loosely refers to a number of carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides. Monosaccharides are also called "simple sugars", the most important being glucose. Most monosaccharides have a formula that conforms to with n between 3 and 7 (deoxyribose being an exception). Glucose has the molecular formula. The names of typical sugars end with -ose, as in "glucose" and "fructose". Sometimes such words may also refer to any types of carbohydrates soluble in water. The acyclic mono- and disaccharides contain either aldehyde groups or ketone groups. These carbon-oxygen double bonds (C=O) are the reactive centers. All saccharides with more than one ring in their structure result from two or more monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds

This is a document about Glucose
  In solutions, the open-chain form of glucose (either "D-" or "L-") exists in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, each containing a ring of carbons closed by one oxygen atom. In aqueous solution, however, more than 99% of glucose molecules exist as pyranose forms. The open-chain form is limited to about 0.25%, and furanose forms exist in negligible amounts. The terms "glucose" and "D-glucose" are generally used for these cyclic forms as well. The ring arises from the open-chain form by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction between the aldehyde group (at C-1) and either the C-4 or C-5 hydroxyl group, forming a hemiacetal linkage, \sC(OH)H\sO\s. The reaction between C-1 and C-5 yields a six-membered heterocyclic system called a pyranose, which is a monosaccharide sugar (hence "-ose") containing a derivatised pyran skeleton. The

This is a document about Carbohydrate conformation
  In solution, reducing monosaccharides exist in equilibrium between their acyclic and cyclic forms with less than 1% in the acyclic form. The open chain form can close to give the pyranose and furanose with both the α- and β-anomers present for each. The equilibrium population of conformers depends on their relative energies which can be determined to a rough approximation using steric and stereoelectronic arguments. It has been shown that cations in solution can shift the equilibrium.

This is a document about Glucose
  Glucose is usually present in solid form as a monohydrate with a closed pyran ring (dextrose hydrate). In aqueous solution, on the other hand, it is an open-chain to a small extent and is present predominantly as α- or β-pyranose, which interconvert (see mutarotation). From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose hydrate. Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose. The glass transition temperature of glucose is 31 C and the Gordon–Taylor constant (an experimentally determined constant for the prediction of the glass transition temperature for different mass fractions of a mixture of two substances) is 4.5.

This is a document about Inverted sugar syrup
  As the shapes of the molecules ('chemical structures') of sucrose, glucose, and fructose are all asymmetrical the three sugars come in several different forms, called stereoisomers. The existence of these forms is what gives rise to these chemicals' optical properties. When plane polarized light passes through a pure solution of one of these forms of one of the sugars it is thought to hit and 'glance off' certain asymmetrical chemical bonds within the molecule of that form of that sugar. Because those particular bonds (which in cyclic sugars like sucrose, glucose, and fructose include a kind of bond called an anomeric bond) are different in each form of the sugar, each form rotates the light to a different degree. When any one form of a sugar is purified and put in water, it rapidly takes other forms of the same sugar. This means that a solution of a pure sugar normally has all of its stereoisomers present in the solution in different amounts which usually do not change much. This has an 'averaging' effect on all of the optical rotation angles (.

This is a document about Hexose
  In chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with six carbon atoms. The chemical formula for all hexoses is C6H12O6, and their molecular weight is 180.156 g/mol. Hexoses exist in two forms, open-chain or cyclic, that easily convert into each other in aqueous solutions. The open-chain form of a hexose, which usually is favored in solutions, has the general structure H–(CHOH)n−1–C(=O)–(CHOH)4−n–H, where n is 1, 2, or 3. Namely, five of the carbons have one hydroxyl functional group (–OH) each, connected by a single bond, and one has an oxo group (=O), forming a carbonyl group (C=O). The remaining bonds of the carbon atoms are satisfied by seven hydrogen atoms. The carbons are commonly numbered 1 to 6 starting at the end closest to the carbonyl. Hexoses are extremely

This is a document about Sugar
   Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double sugars, are molecules made of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond. Common examples are sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose), and maltose (two molecules of glucose). Table sugar, granulated sugar, and regular sugar refer to sucrose, a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. In the body, compound sugars are hydrolysed into simple sugars. Longer chains of monosaccharides (>2) are not regarded as sugars, and are called oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Starch is a

This is a document about Glucoside
  sugar, which appear to be ethers also. Although glucose is the most common sugar present in glucosides, many are known which yield rhamnose or iso-dulcite; these may be termed pentosides. Much attention has been given to the non-sugar parts (aglyca) of the molecules; the constitutions of many have been determined, and the compounds synthesized; and in some cases the preparation of the synthetic glucoside effected. The simplest glucosides are the alkyl ethers which have been obtained by reacting hydrochloric acid on alcoholic glucose solutions. A better method of preparation is to dissolve solid anhydrous glucose in methanol containing hydrochloric acid. A mixture

This is a document about Sweetness
  A great diversity of chemical compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones, are sweet. Among common biological substances, all of the simple carbohydrates are sweet to at least some degree. Sucrose (table sugar) is the prototypical example of a sweet substance. Sucrose in solution has a sweetness perception rating of 1, and other substances are rated relative to this. For example, another sugar, fructose, is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 times the sweetness of sucrose. Some of the amino acids are mildly sweet: alanine, glycine, and serine are the sweetest. Some other amino acids are perceived as both sweet and bitter. The sweetness of 20% solution of glycine in water compares to a solution of 10% glucose or 5% fructose. A number of plant species produce

This is a document about Nucleotide sugar
  Listed below are the structures of some nucleotide sugars (one example from each type).

This is a document about Pentose
  In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms. The chemical formula of all pentoses is, and their molecular weight is 150.13 g/mol. Pentoses are very important in biochemistry. Ribose is a constituent of RNA, and the related molecule, deoxyribose, is a constituent of DNA. Phosphorylated pentoses are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway, most importantly ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), which is used in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P), which is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Like some other monosaccharides, pentoses exist in two forms, open-chain (linear) or closed-chain (cyclic), that easily convert into each other in water solutions. The linear

This is a document about Reducing sugar
  All monosaccharides are reducing sugars because they either have an aldehyde group (if they are aldoses) or can tautomerize in solution to form an aldehyde group (if they are ketoses). This includes common monosaccharides like galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, and xylose. Many disaccharides, like cellobiose, lactose, and maltose, also have a reducing form, as one of the two units may have an open-chain form with an aldehyde group. However, sucrose and trehalose, in which the anomeric carbons of the two units are linked together, are nonreducing disaccharides since neither of the rings is capable of opening.  In glucose polymers such as starch and starch-derivatives like glucose syrup, maltodextrin and dextrin the macromolecule begins with a reducing sugar, a free aldehyde. When starch has been partially

This is a document about Pentose
  of a pentose, which usually exists only in solutions, has an open-chain backbone of five carbons. Four of these carbons have one hydroxyl functional group (–OH) each, connected by a single bond, and one has an oxygen atom connected by a double bond (=O), forming a carbonyl group (C=O). The remaining bonds of the carbon atoms are satisfied by six hydrogen atoms. Thus the structure of the linear form is H–(CHOH)x–C(=O)–(CHOH)4-x–H, where x is 0, 1, or 2. The term "pentose" sometimes is assumed to include deoxypentoses, such as deoxyribose: compounds with general formula that can be described as derived from pentoses by replacement of one or more hydroxyl groups with hydrogen atoms.

This is a document about Sugar phosphates
  The phosphodiester backbone of DNA and RNA consists of pairs of deoxyribose or ribose sugars linked by phosphates at the respective 3' and 5' positions. The backbone is negatively charged and hydrophilic, which allows strong interactions with water. Sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. Sugar phosphates are defined as carbohydrates to which a phosphate group is bound by an ester or an either linkage, depending on whether it involves an alcoholic or a hemiacetalic hydroxyl, respectively. Solubility, acid hydrolysis rates, acid strengths, and ability to act as sugar group donors are the knowledge of physical and chemical properties required

This is a document about Benedict's reagent
  To test for the presence of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharide sugars in food, the food sample is dissolved in water and a small amount of Benedict's reagent is added. During a water bath, which is usually 4–10 minutes, the solution should progress through the colors of blue (with no reducing sugar present), orange, yellow, green, red, and then brick red precipitate or brown (if a high concentration of reducing sugar is present). A color change would signify the presence of a reducing sugar. The common disaccharides lactose and maltose are directly detected by Benedict's reagent because each contains a glucose with a free reducing aldehyde moiety after isomerization. Sucrose (table sugar) contains two sugars (fructose and glucose) joined by their glycosidic bond in such a way as to

This is a document about Carbohydrate conformation
  Carbohydrate conformation refers to the overall three-dimensional structure adopted by a carbohydrate (saccharide) molecule as a result of the through-bond and through-space physical forces it experiences arising from its molecular structure. The physical forces that dictate the three-dimensional shapes of all molecules—here, of all monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, and polysaccharide molecules—are sometimes summarily captured by such terms as "steric interactions" and "stereoelectronic effects" (see below). Saccharide and other chemical conformations can be reasonably shown using two-dimensional structure representations that follow set conventions; these capture for a trained viewer an understanding of the three-dimensional structure via structure drawings (see organic chemistry article, and "3D Representations" section in molecular geometry article); they are also represented by stereograms on the two dimensional page, and increasingly

This is a document about Ribose
  of nucleic acids. Fischer chose the name "ribose" as it is a partial rearrangement of the name of another sugar, arabinose, of which ribose is an epimer at the 2' carbon; both names also relate to gum arabic, from which arabinose was first isolated and from which they prepared -ribose. Like most sugars, ribose exists as a mixture of cyclic forms in equilibrium with its linear form, and these readily interconvert especially in aqueous solution. The name "ribose" is used in biochemistry and biology to refer to all of these forms, though more specific names for each are used when required. In its linear

The most common structure of sugars in solution is the ring form, specifically the cyclic hemiacetal form, which is the predominant form of glucose in solution.