Question: actor who played sirius black in harry potter

Answer: Gary Oldman

This is a document about Gary Oldman
 Rises" (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing "The Dark Knight", downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, "the best performance in the film, "by a mile", is Gary Oldman's ... it would be lovely to see "him" get a nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this." Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of "A Christmas Carol" in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller "The Unborn", released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred

This is a document about Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
 intending to kill him. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It also features well-known actors in supporting roles, including Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Michael Gambon (in his debut in the role of Albus Dumbledore), Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney and Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew. It is the sequel to "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" and is followed by "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire". The film was released on 31 May 2004 in

This is a document about Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)
 Forbidden Forest and sacrifice his life to Voldemort. Later, it is revealed that Harry named his first child James Sirius Potter, after his father James and his godfather Sirius. Sirius was portrayed by Gary Oldman in the film adaptations of "Prisoner of Azkaban", "Goblet of Fire", "Order of the Phoenix", and "Deathly Hallows – Part 2". Sirius as a teenager made a brief appearance in "Order of the Phoenix" (played by James Walters). Young Sirius also appeared in "Deathly Hallows", portrayed by Rohan Gotobed. In the film versions, Sirius has curly, brown hair with blue eyes. In the book, he

This is a document about Harry Potter (film series)
 to be re-cast for the third instalment, "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban". David Heyman and director Alfonso Cuarón chose Michael Gambon to portray the character of Dumbledore, which he did for all succeeding films. Notable recurring cast members include Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange, Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick, Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort, Brendan Gleeson as Alastor Moody, Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew, David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney, Mark Williams as

This is a document about Sirius Black
  Sirius Black is a character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. Sirius was first mentioned briefly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone as a wizard who lent Rubeus Hagrid a flying motorbike shortly after Lord Voldemort killed James and Lily Potter. His character becomes prominent in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he is the titular prisoner, and is also revealed to be the godfather of the central character Harry Potter. He is portrayed in the film adaptations by Gary Oldman.

This is a document about Sirius Black
  actor appears again in Order of the Phoenix. It has been stated that Oldman and Daniel Radcliffe became very close during the filming of the series. Sirius as a teenager also made a brief appearance in Order of the Phoenix, played by James Walters. Just as in the book, Sirius returns via the Resurrection Stone in The Deathly Hallows Part 2 alongside James, Lily and Remus right before Harry enters the Forbidden Forest to face Voldemort. The character is referenced for the final time in the last scene, where it is revealed that Harry and Ginny's first born son was named after both James and Sirius.

This is a document about Sirius Black
  part made Oldman a hero with his children and their schoolmates. Oldman said about his work in the Harry Potter films that he has "...done so much R-rated work, it's nice to have a job you can show your kids". Oldman was said to bring energy to the character of Sirius, and the actor stated that this energy came from Cuarón and described him as having "such enthusiasm and a joy for life". Though Sirius appears several times during Goblet of Fire, the character appears very briefly in the film adaptation, in an expository scene in the Gryffindor common room's fireplace, with Oldman providing the voice.

This is a document about Wizarding World
  A mysterious convict, Sirius Black, escapes from Azkaban and sets his sights on Hogwarts, where dementors are stationed to protect Harry and his peers. Harry learns more about his past and his connection with the escaped prisoner. Columbus, the director of the two previous films, decided not to return to helm the third instalment, but remained as a producer alongside Heyman. Warner Bros. then drew up a three-name, short list for Columbus' replacement, which comprised Callie Khouri, Kenneth Branagh (who played Gilderoy Lockhart in Chamber of Secrets) and the eventual director Alfonso Cuarón. Cuarón was initially nervous about accepting the job having not read any of the books, or seen the films, but later signed on after reading the series and connecting immediately with the story. Michael

This is a document about Sirius Black
  Gary Oldman first portrayed Sirius in the film adaptation of Prisoner of Azkaban. Oldman revealed that he accepted the part because he needed the money, as also because he had not taken on any major work in several years as he had decided to spend more time with his family. The actor compared Sirius to John Lennon, and also said he was "surprised by how difficult it was to pull off", comparing the role to Shakespearean dialogue. Oldman suggested Sirius's hairstyle, while Alfonso Cuarón, the director of the third film, designed his tattoos. He had read the first book, and his children were fans of the series.

This is a document about Michael Gambon
  Sir Michael John Gambon (born 19 October 1940) is an Irish-English actor. Having trained under Laurence Olivier, he started his career on stage at the Royal National Theatre. Gambon is known for portraying Professor Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series from 2004 to 2011. Having started his career on the theatre with Olivier with the National Theatre Company at the Old Vic Gambon appeared in many productions of works by William Shakespeare such as Othello, Hamlet, Macbeth and Coriolanus. Gambon has been nominated for thirteen Olivier Awards for his work on the London stage. He won three awards including for his performance as Eddie Carbone in Arthur Miller's A View from the Bridge in 1987. He also won for his performances in Alan Ayckbourn's plays A Chorus of

This is a document about Harry Potter (film series)
  Voldemort, Brendan Gleeson as Alastor Moody, Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew, David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney, Mark Williams as Arthur Weasley, and Julie Walters as Molly Weasley. The series has seen many returning crew members from various departments, including Tim Burke, visual effects supervisor; Peter Doyle, digital film colourist; Nick Dudman, make-up and creature effects designer; David Holmes, stunt double; Amanda Knight, make-up artist; Stephenie McMillan, set designer; Greg Powell, stunt coordinator; Jany Temime, costume designer; and Fiona Weir, casting director.

This is a document about Daniel Radcliffe
  Daniel Jacob Radcliffe (born 23 July 1989) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as Harry Potter in the film series of the same name, and has received numerous awards and nominations. Radcliffe made his acting debut at age 10 in the BBC One television film David Copperfield (1999), followed by his feature film debut in The Tailor of Panama (2001). The same year, he starred in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Over the next decade, he played the titular role in seven sequels, culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). During this period, he became one of the world's

This is a document about Wizarding World
  replaced Richard Harris, who played Albus Dumbledore in the previous two films, after Harris's death in October 2002. Gambon was unconcerned with bettering or copying Harris, instead provided his own interpretation, including using a slight Irish accent for the role. He completed his scenes in three weeks. Gary Oldman was cast in the key role of Sirius Black in February 2003. Principal photography began on 24 February 2003, at Leavesden Film Studios, and concluded in October 2003. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban premiered on 23 May 2004 in New York. It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 May, and in the United States on 4 June. It was the first film in the series to be released in both conventional and IMAX theatres.

This is a document about Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
  Lucius Malfoy: Draco's father and a former Hogwarts pupil of Slytherin House. He is also a member of the Death Eaters. ; Gary Oldman as Sirius Black: Harry's godfather, who had escaped from Azkaban after being wrongly imprisoned for twelve years and is now a fugitive. ; Alan Rickman as Severus Snape: The Potions teacher at Hogwarts and head of Slytherin. ; Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall: Deputy Headmistress of Hogwarts, the Transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts and head of Gryffindor. ; Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew: The Death Eater who betrayed Harry's parents to Voldemort. A dark wizard intent on conquering the Wizarding World and the leader of the Death

This is a document about List of supporting Harry Potter characters
  James Sirius Potter is the first-born child of Harry and Ginny, born two years before his brother Albus Severus Potter. He was named after his paternal grandfather James Potter and his father's godfather Sirius Black, and he is described as being similar in character to both of his namesakes as well as his uncles, Fred and George Weasley, with a penchant for practical jokes and general misbehaviour. James is portrayed by Will Dunn in Deathly Hallows – Part 2. James Sirius Potter was born in 2004.

This is a document about Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)
  Stone. James and Sirius are the heroes of the Harry Potter prequel, an 800-word story set three years before Harry's birth. The two friends are riding Sirius' motorbike and are chased by two Muggle policemen for breaking the speed limit. The policemen attempt to arrest them when three Death Eaters on broomsticks fly down towards them. James and Sirius use the police car as a barrier and the Death Eaters crash into it. In the end, they escape from the policemen by flying away on the motorbike. In the film series, James is portrayed by Adrian Rawlins as an adult, Robbie Jarvis as a teenager and Alfie McIlwain as a child.

This is a document about Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
  Harry's Muggle uncle. ; Gary Oldman as Sirius Black: Alan Rickman as Severus Snape: The Potions teacher at Hogwarts and head of Slytherin. ; Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley: Harry's Muggle aunt. ; Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall: Deputy Headmistress of Hogwarts, the Transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts and head of Gryffindor. ; Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew: A friend of Harry's parents said to have been killed by Sirius Black, but was later revealed to have been the real Death Eater who betrayed Harry's parents to Voldemort. ; David Thewlis as Remus Lupin: Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney: The Divination teacher at

This is a document about Rupert Grint
  Rupert Alexander Lloyd Grint (born 24 August 1988) is an English actor. He rose to fame for his role as Ron Weasley, one of the three main characters in the Harry Potter film series. Grint was cast as Ron at age eleven, having previously acted only in school plays and at his local theatre group. From 2001 to 2011, he starred in all eight Harry Potter films. Beginning in 2002, Grint began to work outside of the Harry Potter franchise, playing a co-leading role in Thunderpants. He has had starring roles in Driving Lessons, a dramedy released in 2006, and Cherrybomb, a drama film of limited release in 2010. Grint co-starred with Bill Nighy and Emily Blunt in Wild Target, a comedy. His first film project following the end

This is a document about Mark Williams (actor)
  Williams made his film début alongside fellow débutants Hugh Grant and Imogen Stubbs in the Oxford University Film Foundation production Privileged in 1982. His most famous cinema role is as Arthur Weasley in the Harry Potter film series, which began in 2002. Other high-profile appearances include the film adaptation of Neil Gaiman's Stardust alongside Michelle Pfeiffer, Robert De Niro and Claire Danes in 2007 and a 2012 role in Doctor Who as Brian Williams, father of the Doctor's companion, Rory. Since 2013, he has appeared as the lead role in the BBC costume drama Father Brown. Williams also featured in the first series of Blandings, the BBC TV adaptation of the P. G. Wodehouse Blandings Castle stories, broadcast in 2013, in which he played Beach, the Emsworths' tipsy butler; he did not return for the show's second series,

This is a document about Ellie Darcey-Alden
  25 January 2010, she was called back for a second audition at Pinewood Studios where she met director David Yates and worked with a number of other potentials for the parts of young James Potter, Sirius Black, Severus Snape and Lily Evans. During the process, the children were asked to improvise short conversations. She subsequently received a screen test with then 13-year-old Benedict Clarke (who would be cast as young Severus Snape) "as well as an associated costume, hair and makeup meeting" at Leavesden Studios, where she met then 21-year-old actor Daniel Radcliffe on her first day. At a 2013 LeakyCon panel in Portland,

Gary Oldman played Sirius Black in the Harry Potter films.


Question: who is credited with introducing massage into the medical profession

Answer: Chinese medicine

This is a document about History of medicine
 written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a "Treatise on Cold Damage", which contains the earliest known reference to the "Neijing Suwen". The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215–282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his "Jiayi jing", c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the "Suwen" was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage

This is a document about Massage
 that date, and is the foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Massage is referred to in 30 different chapters of the Nei Jing. It specifies the use of different massage techniques and how they should be used in the treatment of specific ailments, and injuries. Also known as "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon", the text refers to previous medical knowledge from the time of the Yellow Emperor (approx 2700 BC), misleading some into believing the text itself was written during the time of the Yellow Emperor (which would predate written history). BC 762 "In the Iliad and the Odyssey the massage

This is a document about Shiatsu
 Shiatsu Shiatsu (指圧) is a form of Japanese bodywork based on ideas in traditional Chinese medicine. "Shiatsu" derives from a Japanese massage modality called "anma" which was itself adapted from "tui na". Tui na is a Chinese bodywork system that arrived in Japan by at least the Nara period (710–793). Tokujiro Namikoshi founded a "shiatsu" college in the 1940s, and is often credited with inventing modern "shiatsu". There is no evidence that "shiatsu" is an effective medical treatment. In the Japanese language, "shiatsu" means "finger pressure". "Shiatsu" techniques include massages with fingers, thumbs, feet and palms; assisted stretching; and joint

This is a document about Medical massage
  Massage has been used as a medical treatment dating back to the Chinese over 5000 years ago. More recently Professor Silas Weir Mitchell (1829-1914), a neurologist in Philadelphia is thought to be the first to bring massage to the attention of the US medical community. In 1884, Douglas Graham, MD of Boston Massachusetts wrote A Practical Treatise on Massage which focuses on the treatment of specific diseases and disorders by using massage as a treatment. In 1885, Dr Harvey Kellogg published the classic textbook The Art of Massage, Its Physiological Effects and Therapeutic Actions. During the nineteenth century, massage in Europe was described in the medical literature and was taught at institutions and also offered by lay practitioners. In 1886, William Murrell, an English Physician wrote a book Massage as a

This is a document about Massage
  as a part of the beauty regimen of the wives of Xerxes (Esther, 2:12). BC 460: Hippocrates wrote "The physician must be experienced in many things, but assuredly in rubbing." BC 300 Charaka Samhita believed to be the oldest of the three ancient treatises of Ayurvedic medicine, including massage. Sanskrit records indicate that massage had been practiced in India long before the beginning of recorded history. AD 581: Dr Sun Si Miao introduces ten new massage techniques and systematizes the treatment of childhood diseases using massage therapy. AD 581: China establishes a department of massage therapy within the Office of Imperial Physicians.

This is a document about Massage
  Massage started to become popular in the United States in the middle part of the 19th century and was introduced by two New York physicians, George and Charles Taylor, based on Per Henrik Ling's techniques developed in Sweden. During the 1930s and 1940s massage's influence decreased as a result of medical advancements of the time, while in the 1970s massage's influence grew once again with a notable rise among athletes. Until the 1970s, nurses used massage to reduce pain and aid sleep. The massage therapy industry is continuously increasing. In 2009, U.S. consumers spent between $4 and $6 billion on visits to massage therapists. In 2015, research estimates that massage therapy was a $12.1 billion industry. All but six States require massage therapists to be licensed, and licensure requires the applicant to receive training at an accredited school, and to pass a comprehensive exam. Those states that require licensure also typically require continuing education in massage techniques and in ethics.

This is a document about List of Scots
  Whyte Black (1924–2010), physician and pharmacologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ; Dame Emily Mathieson Blair (1892–1963), nurse, Matron-in-Chief of the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service and the British Red Cross Society ; Sir Gilbert Blane of Blanefield (1749–1834), physician who instituted health reform in the Royal Navy ; James Borthwick of Stow (1615–1675), surgeon and first teacher of anatomy ; James Braid (1795–1860), surgeon and "gentleman scientist", influential pioneer of hypnotism and hypnotherapy ; John Milne Bramwell (1852–1925), physician, surgeon and medical hypnotist ; William A. F. Browne (1805–1885), one of the most significant asylum

This is a document about James Braid (surgeon)
  James Braid (19 June 1795 – 25 March 1860) was a Scottish surgeon, natural philosopher, and "gentleman scientist". He was a significant innovator in the treatment of clubfoot, spinal curvature, knock-knees, bandy legs, and squint; a significant pioneer of hypnotism and hypnotherapy, and an important and influential pioneer in the adoption of both hypnotic anaesthesia and chemical anaesthesia. He is regarded by some, such as Kroger (2008, p. 3), as the "Father of Modern Hypnotism"; however, in relation to the issue of there being significant connections between Braid's "hypnotism" and "modern hypnotism" (as practised), let alone "identity", Weitzenhoffer (2000, p. 3) urges the utmost caution in making any such assumption: Also, in relation to the clinical application of "hypnotism",

This is a document about Massage
  AD 1776: Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, and Pierre-Martial Cibot, French missionaries in China translate summaries of Huangdi Neijing, including a list of medical plants, exercises, and elaborate massage techniques, into the French language, thereby introducing Europe to the highly developed Chinese system of medicine, medical-gymnastics, and medical-massage. AD 1776 Pehr Henrik Ling, a Swedish physical therapist, and teacher of medical-gymnastics is born. Ling has often been erroneously credited for having invented "Classic Massage" aka "Swedish Massage", and has been called the "Father of Massage". AD 1779: Frenchman Pierre-Martial Cibot publishes "Notice du Cong-fou des Bonzes Tao-see" also known as "The Cong-Fou of the Tao-Tse", a French language summary of medical techniques used by Taoist

This is a document about Vibromassage
  The application of manual vibration to the human body therapeutically has been known for centuries. The history of vibromassage through mechanical devices is not very long, although the vibration itself as a massaging technique dates back thousands of years. Massage, of which vibration has always been an essential part, was known to Ancient Greeks and Romans, Chinese and Slavs; in the 5th century B.C. Herodicus compelled his patients to have their body rubbed, as he firmly believed in the efficacy of massage. Other advocates of massage application were Plato, Socrates, and Hippocrates. The letter said that "rubbing can bind a joint that is too loose, and loosen a joint that is too rigid. Hard rubbing binds, soft rubbing loosens, much rubbing causes

This is a document about Physical therapy
   Physicians like Hippocrates and later Galen are believed to have been the first practitioners of physical therapy, advocating massage, manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat people in 460 BC. After the development of orthopedics in the eighteenth century, machines like the Gymnasticon were developed to treat gout and similar diseases by systematic exercise of the joints, similar to later developments in physical therapy. The earliest documented origins of actual physical therapy as a professional group date back to Per Henrik Ling, "Father of Swedish Gymnastics," who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for manipulation, and exercise. Up until 2014, the Swedish word for a

This is a document about Massage
  massage with oils and aromatic substances is mentioned as a means to relax the tired limbs of warriors and a way to help the treatment of wounds." BC 700: Bian Que, the earliest known Chinese physician uses massage in medical practice. BC 500: Jīvaka Komarabhācca. According to the Pāli Buddhist Canon, Jivaka was Shakyamuni Buddha's physician. Jivaka is mistakenly credited with founding and developing a style of massage that led to the type of massage practiced in current-day Thailand. He was a doctor and a surgeon, but not a massage therapist. BC 493: A possible biblical reference documents daily "treatments" with oil of

This is a document about List of people in alternative medicine
 George Lewith – UK advocate for alternative medicine and professor at Southampton University. ; Pehr Henrik Ling – Swedish pioneer of physical education. Falsely credited as the Father of Swedish Massage (that credit goes to Johann Georg Mezger). ; Benedict Lust – Founder of naturopathic medicine in the United States. Purchased the rights to the term "naturopathy" from John Scheel.

This is a document about Medical massage
  of Treatment. In Russia, M.Y. Mudrov, MD used massage and movement exercises in his medical practice with adults and later applied it to the development of children. Massage has been popular as a form of medical treatment in Russia since the late 1700s. The American Medical Massage Association (1998) and The United States Medical Massage Association (1999) followed with similar goals of lifting the profession to higher standards and, in turn, giving patients a better outcome. The AMMA has worked with the standard medical community to bring massage therapy into the mainstream; they have done this through a board of advisers that includes massage therapists, physicians, chiropractors etc. Much of the present explosion of information in the injury-rehabilitation field can be credited to the work of Dr. Janet G Travell (1901–1997).

This is a document about Occupational therapy
  The earliest evidence of using occupations as a method of therapy can be found in ancient times. In c. 100 BCE, Greek physician Asclepiades treated patients with a mental illness humanely using therapeutic baths, massage, exercise, and music. Later, the Roman Celsus prescribed music, travel, conversation and exercise to his patients. However, by medieval times the use of these interventions with people with mental illness was rare, if not nonexistent. In 18th-century Europe, revolutionaries such as Philippe Pinel and Johann Christian Reil reformed the hospital system. Instead of the use of metal chains and restraints, their institutions used rigorous work and

This is a document about Erotic massage
  a physician to master and could take hours to achieve "hysterical paroxysm". Referral to midwives, which had been common practice, meant a loss of business for the physician, and, at times, husbands were asked to assist. However, Maines’ depiction has been contested by other scholars, including Helen King, and Hallie Lieberman and Eric Schatzberg, claiming the idea false. In reality, many practitioners of the pelvic massage were aware of the possibility of a sexual stimulation during the procedure and, like the Finnish physician Georg Asp (1834–1901), made it clear that the sexual excitation shall be circumvented and the clitoris studiously avoided.

This is a document about Reflexology
  Practices resembling reflexology may have existed in previous historical periods. Similar practices have been documented in the histories of China and Egypt. Reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (1872–1942), an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and Edwin F. Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure had an anesthetic effect on other areas of the body. It was modified in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D. Ingham (1889–1974), a nurse and physiotherapist. Ingham claimed that the feet and hands were especially sensitive, and mapped the entire body into "reflexes" on the feet, renaming "zone therapy" reflexology. "Modern reflexologists use Ingham's methods, or similar techniques developed by the reflexologist Laura Norman."

This is a document about Medicine
  medical text written beginning in the 2nd century BCE and compiled in the 3rd century. In India, the surgeon Sushruta described numerous surgical operations, including the earliest forms of plastic surgery. Earliest records of dedicated hospitals come from Mihintale in Sri Lanka where evidence of dedicated medicinal treatment facilities for patients are found. In Greece, the Greek physician Hippocrates, the "father of modern medicine", laid the foundation for a rational approach to medicine. Hippocrates introduced the Hippocratic Oath for physicians, which is still relevant and in use today, and was the first to categorize illnesses as acute, chronic, endemic and epidemic, and use terms such as, "exacerbation, relapse, resolution, crisis, paroxysm, peak, and

This is a document about Massage
  Medical knowledge, including that of massage, made its way from Rome to Persia in the Middle Ages. Many of Galen's manuscripts, for instance, were collected and translated by Hunayn ibn Ishaq in the 9th century. Later in the 11th-century copies were translated back into Latin, and again in the 15th and 16th centuries, when they helped enlighten European scholars as to the achievements of the Ancient Greeks. This renewal of the Galenic tradition during the Renaissance played a very important part in the rise of modern science. One of the greatest Persian medics was Avicenna, also known as Ibn Sina, who lived from 980 AD to 1037 AD. His works included a comprehensive collection and systematization of the fragmentary and unorganized Greco-Roman medical literature that had been translated Arabic

This is a document about List of English inventions and discoveries
  Parkinson's disease in "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy" by James Parkinson (1755–1824). ; 1818 or 1829: First successful blood transfusion performed by James Blundell (1791–1878). ; 1819: First accurate description of hay fever by John Bostock (1773–1846). ; 1847: Ophthalmoscope conceived by Charles Babbage (1791–1871). ; 1850s: Location of the source of cholera by pioneer of anaesthesia and "father of epidemiology" John Snow (1813–1858). ; 1850s: General anaesthetic pioneered by Englishman John Snow (1813–1858) and Scotsman James Young Simpson. ; 1850s onwards: Treatment of epilepsy pioneered by Edward Henry Sieveking (1816–1904). ; 1858: First publication of Gray's Anatomy, widely regarded as the first complete human-anatomy textbook, by

The first recorded mention of massage in the context of the medical profession is attributed to the Chinese physician Zhang Zhongjing in the 2nd century CE. However, it's important to note that massage was used in various cultures before this time, including ancient India and Egypt. The modern practice of massage therapy as a distinct medical profession emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the US and Europe.


Question: when does the movie shot caller come out in theaters

Answer: August 18 , 2017

This is a document about Shot Caller (film)
 theatrical release on August 18, 2017 by Saban Films. Jacob Harlon (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau) is a successful stock broker living with his wife Katherine (Lake Bell) and son Joshua. One night after departing a dinner, he unintentionally runs a red light, causing an accident that kills his friend Tom (Max Greenfield), who was riding in his car. His lawyer advises Harlon to take a plea deal, which will see him serving 16 months, instead of going to trial as he could do up to 7 years if he lost his case. Harlon agrees and is sentenced to incarceration at California Institution

This is a document about Shot Caller (film)
  Shot Caller is a 2017 American crime thriller film directed and written by Ric Roman Waugh. The film chronicles the transformation of a well-to-do family man into a hardened prison gangster, which he undergoes to survive California's penal system after he is incarcerated for his role in a deadly DUI car accident. The film stars Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Omari Hardwick, Lake Bell, Jon Bernthal, Emory Cohen, Jeffrey Donovan, and Evan Jones, with Benjamin Bratt, and Holt McCallany. It premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 16, 2017. The film was released on July 20, 2017, through DirecTV Cinema and theatrically on August 18, 2017, by Saban Films.

This is a document about Bloodshot (film)
  Bloodshot had its world premiere in Westwood and California City on March 10, 2020. The film was then released in the United States on March 13, 2020, by Sony Pictures Releasing, after previously being scheduled to released on February 21, 2020. It also opened in the UK, Ireland, India, and Spain on the same day. On March 18, Sony Pictures confirmed that due to movie theater closures because of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, the film would be released digitally through Premium VOD in the United States and Canada on March 24, 2020. This was just two weeks after the film's theatrical debut and before the end of

This is a document about Shot Caller (film)
  On April 9, 2015, Bold Films came on board to fully finance and produce the crime thriller film Shot Caller, to be directed by Ric Roman Waugh, based on his own script. Participant Media developed the project, while Participant's Jonathan King produced, along with Michel Litvak and Matthew Rhodes of Bold Films, and Waugh. In April 2015, Relativity Media acquired the US rights to the film for $3 million with a wide release commitment, and Sierra/Affinity was on board to handle international sales. Since Relativity Media filed for bankruptcy in July 2015, the film's release was postponed until Saban Films acquired the U.S. distribution rights in April 2017. Principal photography on the film began on May 26, 2015, in Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico.

This is a document about The Call (2020 South Korean film)
  The Call (Call on poster), is a 2020 South Korean thriller film directed by Lee Chung-hyun, starring Park Shin-hye and Jeon Jong-seo. Based on the 2011 British and Puerto Rican film The Caller, The Call revolves around Seo-yeon (Park Shin-hye) and Young-sook (Jeon Jong-seo), two women from different times who connect through a phone call which interchanges their fates. The film was originally going to be released theatrically but cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was released on Netflix globally on November 27, 2020.

This is a document about Lost Bullet
  Lost Bullet was released on June 19, 2020.

This is a document about The Marksman (2021 film)
  The Marksman was initially scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on January 22, 2021, but was later moved up a week to January 15.

This is a document about A Quiet Place
  following year. The film drew inspiration from Alien, No Country for Old Men, and In the Bedroom. Krasinski and Blunt were cast in the lead roles in May 2017. Filming took place in upstate New York from May to November 2017. A Quiet Place premiered at South by Southwest on March 9, 2018, and was released in the United States on April 6, 2018, by Paramount Pictures. It grossed more than $350 million worldwide and received critical acclaim. The film was described as a "smart, wickedly frightening good time" by Rotten Tomatoes, and chosen by both the National Board of

This is a document about The Black Phone
  The Black Phone is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States by Universal Pictures on June 24, 2022. It was originally set for release on January 28 and later February 4 before being delayed again to June 24. The film had its world premiere at Fantastic Fest on September 25, 2021. It will be available to stream on Universal's Peacock website 45 days after its theatrical debut.

This is a document about Brahms: The Boy II
  The film was theatrically released in the United States on February 21, 2020. It was previously scheduled for July 26, 2019, and then December 6, 2019.

This is a document about First Cow
  It had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019. It screened at the New York Film Festival on September 28, 2019. Although it was released in four theaters in the United States on March 6, 2020, the film was pulled from release by A24 on March 15, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was released for purchase on VOD platforms on July 10, 2020, and became available to rent on July 21, 2020.

This is a document about Mrittupuri: Kill Zone
  The movie was scheduled to be released in 2020. No date has been finalized yet.

This is a document about Adan Canto
  Staff Aaron Shore opposite Kiefer Sutherland, Natascha McElhone, and Maggie Q. The show was renewed by Netflix for a third season which was released on June 7, 2019. In 2019, Canto was cast opposite Halle Berry in her highly anticipated directorial debut film Bruised. Canto started his production company Canto House Pictures in 2013 and directed his first short film Before Tomorrow in 2014. Canto's most recent short film The Shot, a period drama set in 1844 Texas, earned several festival awards for Best Narrative Short Film in 2020. Canto is currently developing projects for film and TV through his production company based in Los Angeles, CA. In March 2020, Canto was cast in a main role of mobster Arman Morales for the FOX series The Cleaning Lady.

This is a document about Steven Soderbergh
  Venice Film Festival on September 1, 2019 before airing on Netflix. Soderbergh's 2020 film Let Them All Talk, was written by Deborah Eisenberg, and starred Meryl Streep, Candice Bergen, Gemma Chan, Lucas Hedges, and Dianne Wiest. It was shot in 2019, primarily aboard the ocean liner, and also in New York and the UK, and premiered on December 10, 2020 on HBO Max. His latest film, No Sudden Move (formerly Kill Switch), is a 1950s period crime film shot in Detroit from September to November 2020. From Mosaic writer Ed Solomon, it stars Don Cheadle, Benicio del Toro, David Harbour, Amy

This is a document about Hearts Beat Loud
  The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 26, 2018. Prior to, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions and Gunpowder & Sky acquired international and U.S. distribution rights to the film, respectively. It was released on June 8, 2018.

This is a document about Villains (film)
  The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 9, 2019. Shortly after, Gunpowder & Sky acquired distribution rights to the film, with the intent to release it in mid-2019. The film was released on September 20, 2019.

This is a document about Her Smell
  The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2018. It also screened at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 2018. Shortly after, Gunpowder & Sky acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. It also screened at AFI Fest on November 10, 2018. and was screened at South by Southwest in March 2019. It was released on April 12, 2019.

This is a document about Death Wish (2018 film)
  In June 2017, it was announced Annapurna Pictures would distribute the film on behalf of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and release it on November 22, 2017. However, in October 2017, it was announced it was being delayed until March 2, 2018 and that MGM would handle the film's distribution in the United States, with Annapurna Pictures handling its international distribution. It was speculated the delay was due in-part to the mass shooting in Las Vegas several days prior.

This is a document about Joe Bell (film)
  Under the title Good Joe Bell, the film had its world premiere at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival on September 14, 2020. Shortly after, Solstice Studios acquired distribution rights to the film for $20 million. It was scheduled to be released on February 19, 2021. However, it was pulled from the schedule. In May 2021, it was announced that Roadside Attractions acquired distribution rights to the film from Solstice and set it for a July 23, 2021 release, with Vertical Entertainment set to distribute the film digitally following its theatrical release.

This is a document about The Photograph (2020 film)
  The Photograph was released in the United States on February 14, 2020 by Universal Pictures.

The movie "Shot Caller" was released in theaters on August 18, 2017.


Question: who is responsible for holding elections in india

Answer: Election Commission of India

This is a document about Election Commission of India
 Election Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per "Article 324", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an

This is a document about Uttar Pradesh State Election Commission
 of Uttar Pradesh. District magistrates—under the general superintendence of the state election commission—are responsible for the conduct of local body elections in their respective districts. The commission is also vested with the power of general supervision of preparation of electoral rolls for local body election in Uttar Pradesh. The Election Commission of India—the constitutional body responsible for conducting presidential, vice-presidential, parliamentary and state legislative elections in India—can share its electoral rolls with the state election commission, but the latter is otherwise independent from it, whilst being vested with the same powers as the former for local body elections. The commission

This is a document about Elections in India
 a democratic country but malpractices during the elections have been continuing since the first government was formed. The Election Commission of India is an autonomous entity prescribed in the Constitution of India. It is the federal authority responsible for administering all the electoral processes of India and ensuring they are free and fair. Elections are conducted according to constitutional provisions and parliamentary legislation. These include the Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, and the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of the

This is a document about Election Commission of India
 various Indian elections. The NCP and CPI(M) were the only two parties that registered for the event but none of them participated. Functioning of EVMs and VVPAT machines were demonstrated to the teams. Election Commission of India The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per "Article 324", and subsequently enacted Representation of the People

This is a document about Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh
 all electoral roll and for supervising the conduct of all elections (including Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha and Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council). The Chief Electoral Officer is also responsible for monitoring the election expenditure and also the Code of Conduct defined by the Election Commission of India. The Chief Electoral Officer works under the superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission of India. The Chief Electoral Officer is nominated by or is designated by the Election Commission of India to perform the duties stated in the Representation of the People Act, 1950 & 1951. Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh The

This is a document about 2004 Indian general election
 simultaneously on 13 May. Over 370 million of the 675 million eligible citizens voted, with election violence claiming 48 lives, less than half the number killed during the 1999 election. The Indian elections were held in phases in order to maintain law and order. A few states considered sensitive areas required deployment of the armed forces. The average enrolment of voters in each constituency is 1.2 million, although the largest constituency has 3.1 million. The Election Commission of India is responsible for deciding the dates and conducting elections according to constitutional provisions. The Election Commission employed more than a million

This is a document about T. N. Seshan
 T. N. Seshan Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan is a retired 1955 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Tamil Nadu cadre, best remembered as the man who cleaned up elections in India. He was the 10th Chief Election Commissioner of India (1990–96), who reformed elections by largely ending its malpractices in the country. and redefined the status and visibility of the Election Commission of India. An Indian Administrative Service officer, he earlier served as the 18th Cabinet Secretary of India in 1989. He won the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1996. Tirunellai Narayana Iyer Seshan was born on

This is a document about 1951–52 elections in India
 enlarged slightly by the transfer of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. 1951–52 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes. General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime

This is a document about 1951–52 elections in India
 1951–52 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the first presidential elections of India on May 2, 1952. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his first election with 507,400 votes over his nearest rival K.T. Shah who got 92,827 votes. General elections to the first Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power, winning 364 of the 489 seats. Jawaharlal Nehru became the first democratically elected Prime Minister of the country. : On 1 November 1956, Ajmer State was merged into Rajasthan under States

This is a document about States Election Commission(India)
 Conducting elections for Municipal Corporations in State. ; Conducting elections for Municipal panchayats in State. ; Model code of conduct are following in elections for local bodies. ; Updating Electoral rolls with new additions. ; Updating Electoral rolls with removals, if any. States Election Commission in India are responsible for the following:

This is a document about States Election Commission(India)
  States Election Commission(India) is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in States and Union Territories of India for ensuring that elections are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 324 safeguards the powers of Election Commission. States Election Commission in India are responsible for elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. They are appointed by Governor of state or union territory.

This is a document about Elections in India
  Election Commission is the federal body of India which is enacted under the provisions of the Constitution, responsible for monitoring and administering all the electoral processes of India. This body is responsible for ensuring elections are free and fair, without any bias. Election Commission ensures the conduct of members pre-elections, during elections, and post-elections are as per the statutory legislation. All election-related disputes are handled by the Election Commission. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act as appropriate.The first election Commissioner was Sukumar Sen

This is a document about Electoral roll
 Total voters: 866,913,278. ; Men: 451,966,704. ; Women: 414,912,901. ; Third gender: 33,673. In India, publishing and updating of the electoral roll is the responsibility of the Election Commission of India, each state's chief electoral officers, and each state's election commission. These government bodies update and publish the electoral roll every year, making it available for download from official government websites. Total voters in India as on 1 January 2019   State wise electoral details for Lok Sabha election 2019:-

This is a document about Elections in Delhi
  Elections in Delhi, the National Capital Territory of India are conducted in accordance with the Constitution of India. The Assembly of Delhi creates laws regarding the conduct of local body elections unilaterally while any changes by the state legislature to the conduct of state level elections needs to be approved by the Parliament of India. In addition, the state legislature may be dismissed by the Parliament according to Article 356 of the Indian Constitution and President's rule may be imposed.

This is a document about Uttar Pradesh State Election Commission
  The commission is responsible for conducting elections to gram panchayats (village councils), kshetra panchayats (regional councils), and zila panchayats (district councils) under the U. P. Panchayati Raj Act, 1947 and U. P. (Kshettra Panchayats and Zila Panchayats) Adhiniyam, 1961 and nagar palika parishads (municipal councils), nagar panchayats (city councils), and municipal corporations under the U. P. Municipalities Act, 1916 in the state of Uttar Pradesh. District magistrates—under the general superintendence of the state election commission—are responsible for the conduct of local body elections in their respective districts. The commission is also vested with the power of general supervision of preparation of electoral rolls for local body election in Uttar Pradesh. The Election Commission of India—the constitutional body responsible for conducting presidential, vice-presidential, parliamentary and state legislative elections in India—can share its electoral rolls with the state election commission, but the latter is otherwise independent from it, whilst being vested with the same powers as the former for local body elections.

This is a document about Part XV of the Constitution of India
  Part XV of the Constitution of India consists of Articles on Elections. Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of president of India and the office of vice-president of India shall be vested in the election commission.

This is a document about Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh
  As defined in section 13A of the Representation of the People Act 1950 and under section 20 of the Representation of the People Act 1951, the Chief Electoral Officer is responsible for supervising the preparation, revision and correction of all electoral roll and for supervising the conduct of all elections (including Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha and Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council). The Chief Electoral Officer is also responsible for monitoring the election expenditure and also the Code of Conduct defined by the Election Commission of India. The Chief Electoral Officer works under the superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission of India.

This is a document about Delhi State Election Commission
  Delhi State Election Commission is an autonomous and statutory body constituted in Indian state of Delhi for ensuring that elections are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Delhi State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Delhi State Election Commissioner is appointed by Lieutant Governor of Delhi.

This is a document about Election Commission of India
  The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous body under the ownership of Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. It is established by the Constitution of India directly to ensure free and fair elections in the country. Article 324 of the Constitution provides that the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of the president of India, and the office of vice-president of India shall be vested in the election commission. Thus, the Election Commission is an all-India body in the sense that it is common to both the Central government and the state governments. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, State Legislative Councils and the offices of the President and Vice President of the country. The Election Commission operates under the authority of Constitution per Article 324, and subsequently enacted Representation of the People Act. The commission has the powers under the Constitution, to act in an appropriate manner when the enacted laws make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of an election. Being a constitutional authority, Election

The Election Commission of India is responsible for holding elections in India for various authorities, including the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and offices of the President and Vice President. It is an autonomous entity under the Constitution of India and operates under the authority of the Constitution and relevant laws.


Question: who has the second pick in the 2018 nba draft

Answer: Sacramento Kings

This is a document about 2018 NBA draft
 May 15, 2018, with the Sacramento Kings at the second overall pick and the Atlanta Hawks at third overall pick. The Suns' selection was their first No. 1 overall selection in franchise history. They used the selection on the Bahamian center Deandre Ayton from the nearby University of Arizona. This draft was also notable for its lack of draft-day trades involving NBA veterans. An average of more than five veterans per year were traded on the day of the last three drafts, but this draft was the first since 2003 in which no such trades were announced. These players were

This is a document about Daxter Miles Jr
 contract by the Sacramento Kings after going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft. He was selected with the 11th overall pick by the Iowa Wolves in the 2018 NBA G League draft. Miles was traded to the Northern Arizona Suns in exchange for Xavier Silas, Roddy Peters, and a second round pick in the 2019 NBA G League draft. In his debut with the Suns, Miles scored 19 points on 7-of-14 shooting. Daxter Miles Jr. Daxter Miles Jr. (born January 5, 1996) is an American basketball player for the Northern Arizona Suns of the NBA G League. He competed in

This is a document about 2018–19 Sacramento Kings season
 2018–19 Sacramento Kings season The 2018–19 Sacramento Kings season is the 74th season of the franchise, its 70th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and its 34th in Sacramento. The Kings entered the season with the longest NBA postseason drought at 12 seasons, attempting to make their first appearance since 2006. On May 15, 2018, the Kings entered the 2018 NBA draft with a surprising jump up into the no. 2 spot of the draft. It was their highest first round pick since the 1989 NBA draft. That pick was used on Duke University's Marvin Bagley III. As of

This is a document about Marvin Bagley III
 Marvin Bagley III Marvin Bagley III (born March 14, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils and was a 2018 Consensus All-American. He was selected with the second overall pick by the Kings in the 2018 NBA draft. Bagley attended Corona del Sol High School in Tempe, Arizona as a freshman and Hillcrest Prep in Phoenix, Arizona as a sophomore. During that sophomore year, he was teammates with future #1 pick Deandre Ayton. In 2016, he transferred to Sierra Canyon School

This is a document about UT Arlington Mavericks
 Kevin Hervey - Second round 2018 NBA draft pick

This is a document about 2018–19 Phoenix Suns season
  on their own second-round pick for the second year in a row. Phoenix also gained the penultimate pick to the draft, the Toronto Raptors' second-round pick this year, after also gaining last year's second-round pick and the rights to Jared Sullinger in exchange for them briefly acquiring P. J. Tucker. In other transactions around their projected second-round picks, the Hornets' second-round pick would be traded to the Orlando Magic in exchange for Elfrid Payton, and the Bucks' second-round pick would go to the Brooklyn Nets (via a separate trade) due to it being inside the top 47. With the top pick

This is a document about Minnesota Timberwolves draft history
  second-round draft pick (Loukas Mavrokefalidis). ; The Memphis Grizzlies acquired the draft rights to O. J. Mayo along with Marko Jarić, Antoine Walker, and Greg Buckner from the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for the draft rights to Kevin Love along with Mike Miller, Brian Cardinal, and Jason Collins. ; The Minnesota Timberwolves received a second-round draft pick (Nikola Peković) from the Miami Heat in a trade involving Antoine Walker via the Boston Celtics in a trade involving Ricky Davis. ; The Miami Heat acquired the draft rights to Mario Chalmers from the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for two future second-round picks and cash considerations. ; On

This is a document about Villanova Wildcats men's basketball
  2009– Round 2, Pick 3: Dante Cunningham (Portland Trail Blazers) ; 2015– Round 2, Pick 8: Darrun Hilliard (Detroit Pistons) ; 2017– Round 1, Pick 30: Josh Hart (Utah Jazz, traded to Los Angeles Lakers) ; 2018– Round 1, Pick 10: Mikal Bridges (Philadelphia 76ers, traded to Phoenix Suns) ; 2018– Round 1, Pick 17: Donte DiVincenzo (Milwaukee Bucks) ; 2018– Round 1, Pick 30: Omari Spellman (Atlanta Hawks) ; 2018– Round 2, Pick 3: Jalen Brunson (Dallas Mavericks) ; 2019– Round 2, Pick 11: Eric Paschall (Golden State Warriors) ; 2020– Round 1, Pick 19: Saddiq Bey (Detroit Pistons) ; 2021– Round 2, Pick 2: Jeremiah Robinson-Earl (Oklahoma City Thunder)

This is a document about 2017–18 NBA season
  February 3, 2018, the Chicago Bulls traded forward Nikola Mirotić to the New Orleans Pelicans in exchange of Ömer Aşık, Tony Allen, Jameer Nelson, and a protected 2018 first-round draft pick. ; On February 5, 2018, the Milwaukee Bucks acquired Tyler Zeller of the Brooklyn Nets for fellow guard Rashad Vaughn and a protected 2018 second-round draft pick. ; On February 7, 2018, the New York Knicks traded forward Willy Hernangómez to the Charlotte Hornets for center Johnny O'Bryant III, a 2020 second-round draft pick, and a 2021 second-round draft pick. ; On February 8, 2018, the Cleveland Cavaliers traded

This is a document about 2018–19 Sacramento Kings season
  The Kings entered draft night with two selections, the first of which had them rise up from tying the Chicago Bulls with the sixth-worst record of the draft the previous season turned into having the #2 pick of the draft and the second pick resulting in them having the higher of second-round picks after losing the first-round tiebreaker to the Bulls. With the second pick of the 2018 NBA Draft, Sacramento selected early freshman power forward Marvin Bagley III from Duke University. Marvin was one of the few top competitors entering the draft this year, and even though he was first projected to be a senior at Sierra Canyon High School earlier in the previous season, he jumped up into the collegiate rankings early to play

This is a document about 2017–18 Cleveland Cavaliers season
  Ante Žižić, and the first round pick from the Brooklyn Nets in the 2018 NBA Draft. However, the deal was not completed until eight days later, when the Celtics added the Miami Heat's 2020 second round pick as compensation after Isaiah Thomas failed his physical. Prior to Irving's trade to the Celtics, he was almost traded to the Phoenix Suns in a 3-team deal that would send Irving and Channing Frye to Phoenix, Paul George and Eric Bledsoe to Cleveland, while the Indiana Pacers would acquire Jared Dudley, Iman Shumpert, and Josh Jackson, the Suns' top draft pick this season. After

This is a document about NBA high school draftees
  declarations from high school since 2005. Out of all these players from this group that declared for 2020, only Kenyon Martin Jr. was selected in that year's draft, being taken by the Houston Rockets via trade with the Sacramento Kings in the second round as the 52nd pick; everyone else there went undrafted at the end. Some players support the new age limit. Gerald Green called it "a smart move", saying that "[not everybody is] LeBron James ... He came in ready and he dominated the league. There's a lot of players that have to get developed. Me, I've got to get developed. But I

This is a document about Oklahoma City Thunder
  2019 second-round pick to acquire Hamidou Diallo, who had been selected by the Brooklyn Nets with the 45th pick. Diallo signed a three-year contract with the Thunder. On July 6, 2018, Paul George re-signed with the Thunder. In July 2018, the Thunder traded forward Carmelo Anthony and a 2022 protected first round pick to the Atlanta Hawks in a three-way trade. In the trade, the Thunder acquired guard Dennis Schroder from the Atlanta Hawks and forward Timothe Luwawu-Cabarrot from the Philadelphia 76ers. The Thunder also acquired guard Deonte Burton, signing him to a two-way contract with the Oklahoma City Blue. Additionally, the Thunder acquired center Nerlens Noel in free agency, and traded for Abdel Nader from the Boston Celtics.

This is a document about 2018–19 Philadelphia 76ers season
  also acquired two straight selections in the second round at #38 & #39 through trades with the Brooklyn Nets and New York Knicks (for selections that were possibly going to be from the Cleveland Cavaliers and Los Angeles Clippers) respectively. Furthermore, the 76ers held two of the last five picks of the 2018 NBA Draft, with the #56 selection being their own and the last pick of the draft being from the Houston Rockets as a part of Houston's ultimate blockbuster trade to acquire Chris Paul from the Los Angeles Clippers. By the end of the night, their number of

This is a document about Jaden McDaniels
  In the 2020 NBA draft, he was selected by the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round with the 28th overall selection. He was then traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder along with Danny Green for Dennis Schröder and later traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves, along with the draft rights of Immanuel Quickley, in exchange for Aleksej Pokuševski. He has been called a "massive steal" of the 2020 draft. The Ringer (website) wrote of McDaniels: "The hidden gem on the roster is Jaden McDaniels, the no. 28 pick in last year’s draft. He already looks like a massive steal. McDaniels is an athletic, 6-foot-9

This is a document about 2017–18 Denver Nuggets season
 ^ Team's second round draft pick this year.

This is a document about 2017–18 New Orleans Pelicans season
  Prior to the NBA draft, the Pelicans had only one second round pick, having traded their first round pick, rookie Buddy Hield, Tyreke Evans, Langston Galloway, and the Philadelphia 76ers' original second round pick to the Sacramento Kings in a blockbuster trade for star center DeMarcus Cousins and Omri Casspi. On June 21, 2017, however, the Pelicans acquired the Washington Wizards' second round pick (No. 52 overall) in exchange for guard Tim Frazier. As a result, the Pelicans entered draft night with two second round and no first round picks. On the night of the draft, the Pelicans traded away their second round pick (No. 40 overall) and cash considerations to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for the Hornets' second round pick (No. 31 overall). With that pick, the Pelicans selected Duke point guard Frank Jackson. With the No. 52 overall pick, the Pelicans selected Xavier point guard Edmond Sumner and traded him to the Indiana Pacers for cash considerations.

This is a document about Phoenix Suns
  the day of the 2019 NBA draft, the Suns agreed to deal T. J. Warren to the Indiana Pacers and their second-round pick (which would become KZ Okpala) to the Miami Heat for cash considerations. During the draft, they agreed to swap their sixth pick (which would become Jarrett Culver), trading down for the Minnesota Timberwolves' 11th pick (which would become Cameron Johnson) and Dario Šarić, and also agreeing to deal the Milwaukee Bucks' future first-round pick to the Boston Celtics for Aron Baynes and the draft rights to point guard Ty Jerome, as well as agree to a deal with undrafted Jalen Lecque. In the off-season they

This is a document about 2016–17 Florida State Seminoles men's basketball team
  Two players were selected in the 2017 NBA Draft:

The Atlanta Hawks had the second pick in the 2018 NBA draft.


Question: how do the colligative properties of the salt ( s ) effect the freezing point temperature

Answer: Depression

This is a document about Colligative properties
 liquid phase. Boiling point elevation (like vapour pressure lowering) is colligative for non-volatile solutes where the solute presence in the gas phase is negligible. Freezing point depression is colligative for most solutes since very few solutes dissolve appreciably in solid solvents. The boiling point of a liquid at a given external pressure is the temperature (formula_10) at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure. The "normal boiling point" is the boiling point at a pressure equal to 1 atm. The boiling point of a pure solvent is increased by the addition of a non-volatile solute, and

This is a document about Antifreeze
 Antifreeze An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid and increases its boiling point. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments and also achieves boiling-point elevation ("anti-boil") to allow higher coolant temperature. Freezing and boiling points are colligative properties of a solution, which depend on the concentration of the dissolved substance. Because water has good properties as a coolant, water plus antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines and other heat transfer applications, such as HVAC chillers and solar water heaters. The purpose of antifreeze is to prevent a

This is a document about Colligative properties
 liquid phase, and lowers the solvent chemical potential so that solvent molecules have less tendency to move to the gas or solid phases. As a result, liquid solutions slightly above the solvent boiling point at a given pressure become stable, which means that the boiling point increases. Similarly, liquid solutions slightly below the solvent freezing point become stable meaning that the freezing point decreases. Both the boiling point elevation and the freezing point depression are proportional to the lowering of vapour pressure in a dilute solution. These properties are colligative in systems where the solute is essentially confined to the

This is a document about Antifreeze
 product that are formed from the toluidine isomers (ortho-, meta- and para-toluidine) and meta-diamino toluene which are side-products in the manufacture of tolytriazole. These side-products are highly reactive and produce volatile aromatic amines which are responsible for the unpleasant odor. Antifreeze An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid and increases its boiling point. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments and also achieves boiling-point elevation ("anti-boil") to allow higher coolant temperature. Freezing and boiling points are colligative properties of a solution, which depend on the concentration of the

This is a document about Freezing-point depression
 high enthalpy. In this case, for low solute concentrations, the freezing point depression depends solely on the concentration of solute particles, not on their individual properties. The freezing point depression thus is called a colligative property. The explanation for the freezing point depression is then simply that as solvent molecules leave the liquid and join the solid, they leave behind a smaller volume of liquid in which the solute particles can roam. The resulting reduced entropy of the solute particles thus is independent of their properties. This approximation ceases to hold when the concentration becomes large enough for solute-solute interactions

This is a document about Thermodynamic activity
 of solution, knowing that real solutions have deviations from the additivity of (molar) volumes of pure components compared to the (molar) volume of the solution. This involves the use of partial molar volumes. Another way to determine the activity of a species is through the manipulation of colligative properties, specifically freezing point depression. Using freezing point depression techniques, it is possible to calculate the activity of a weak acid from the relation, where is the total equilibrium molality of solute determined by any colligative property measurement (in this case , is the nominal molality obtained from titration and is the

This is a document about Ionic compound
 of vitriol, saltpeter, and slaked lime. Soluble ionic compounds like salt can easily be dissolved to provide electrolyte solutions. This is a simple way to control the concentration and ionic strength. The concentration of solutes affects many colligative properties, including increasing the osmotic pressure, and causing freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation. Because the solutes are charged ions they also increase the electrical conductivity of the solution. The increased ionic strength reduces the thickness of the electrical double layer around colloidal particles, and therefore the stability of emulsions and suspensions. The chemical identity of the ions added is also important in

This is a document about Van 't Hoff factor
 Van 't Hoff factor The van 't Hoff factor (named after Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) is a measure of the effect of a solute upon colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression. The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1. For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff

This is a document about Cryoscopic constant
 1.853 K·kg/mol. Cryoscopic constant In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant, K, relates molality to freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). It is the ratio of the latter to the former: Through cryoscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "cryoscopy" comes from Greek and means "freezing measurement." Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so formula_4 depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy, which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point elevation). The K for

This is a document about Cryoscopic constant
 Cryoscopic constant In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant, K, relates molality to freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). It is the ratio of the latter to the former: Through cryoscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "cryoscopy" comes from Greek and means "freezing measurement." Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so formula_4 depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy, which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point elevation). The K for water is

This is a document about Freezing-point depression
 a result of freezing-point depression, radiators do not freeze in winter (unless it is extremely cold, e.g. ). Road salting takes advantage of this effect to lower the freezing point of the ice it is placed on. Lowering the freezing point allows the street ice to melt at lower temperatures, preventing the accumulation of dangerous, slippery ice. Commonly used sodium chloride can depress the freezing point of water to about . If the road surface temperature is lower, NaCl becomes ineffective and other salts are used, such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or a mixture of many. These salts are

This is a document about Ethylene glycol
 −12 °C (10.4 °F) but, when mixed with water, the mixture freezes at a lower temperature. For example, a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol and 40% water freezes at −45 °C (−49 °F). Diethylene glycol behaves similarly. The freezing point depression of some mixtures can be explained as a colligative property of solutions but, in highly-concentrated mixtures such as the example, deviations from ideal solution behavior are expected due to the influence of intermolecular forces. Because of the depressed freezing temperatures, ethylene glycol is used as a de-icing fluid for windshields and aircraft, as an antifreeze in automobile engines, and

This is a document about Cooling bath
 used in traditional baths. A bath of ice and water will maintain a temperature 0 °C since the melting point of water is 0 °C. However, adding a salt such as sodium chloride will lower the temperature through the property of Freezing-point depression. Although the exact temperature can be hard to control, the weight ratio of salt to ice influences the temperature: Since dry ice will sublime at −78 °C, a mixture such as acetone/dry ice will maintain −78 °C. Also, the solution will not freeze because acetone requires a temperature of about −93 °C to begin freezing. Therefore, other

This is a document about Osmotic concentration
 following expression: where Osmolarity can be measured using an osmometer which measures colligative properties, such as Freezing-point depression, Vapor pressure, or Boiling-point elevation. Osmolarity and tonicity are related but distinct concepts. Thus, the terms ending in "-osmotic" (isosmotic, hyperosmotic, hyposmotic) are not synonymous with the terms ending in "-tonic" (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic). The terms are related in that they both compare the solute concentrations of two solutions separated by a membrane. The terms are different because osmolarity takes into account the total concentration of penetrating solutes "and" non-penetrating solutes, whereas tonicity takes into account the total concentration of non-penetrating solutes

This is a document about Molality
 be measured simply by depression of the freezing point of a solution, or cryoscopy (see also: osmostat and colligative properties). Molality appears in the expression of the apparent (molar) volume of a solute as a function of the molality "b" of that solute (and density of the solution and solvent): For multicomponent systems the relation is slightly modified by the sum of molalities of solutes. For multicomponent systems with more than one solute a total molality an mean apparent molar volume can be defined for the solutes together and also a mean molar mass of the solutes as if they

This is a document about Sea ice growth processes
 brine salinity is variable and can be determined based strictly on temperature—see freezing point depression. References and contain empirical formulas relating sea ice temperature to brine salinity. The relative brine volume, "V", is defined as the fraction of brine relative to the total volume. It too is highly variable, however its value is more difficult to determine since changes in temperature may cause some of the brine to be ejected or move within the layers, particularly in new ice. Writing equations relating the salt content of the brine, the total salt content, the brine volume, the density of the brine

This is a document about Ebullioscopic constant
 Ebullioscopic constant In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant, formula_1, relates molality formula_2 to boiling point elevation. It is the ratio of the latter to the former: formula_3<br> A formula to compute the ebullioscopic constant is formula_6 Through the procedure called ebullioscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "ebullioscopy" comes from the Greek language and means "boiling measurement." This is related to cryoscopy, which determines the same value from the cryoscopic constant (of freezing point depression). This property of elevation of boiling point is a colligative property. It means that the property, in this

This is a document about Freezing-point depression
 parameters are available for many single salts. Freezing-point depression Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing point of a solvent on addition of a non-volatile solute. Examples include salt in water, alcohol in water, or the mixing of two solids such as impurities into a finely powdered drug. In the last case, the added compound is the solute, and the original solid is thought of as the solvent. The resulting solution or solid–solid mixture has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent or solid. This phenomenon is what causes sea water, (a mixture of salt [and other things]

This is a document about Freezing-point depression
 Freezing-point depression Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing point of a solvent on addition of a non-volatile solute. Examples include salt in water, alcohol in water, or the mixing of two solids such as impurities into a finely powdered drug. In the last case, the added compound is the solute, and the original solid is thought of as the solvent. The resulting solution or solid–solid mixture has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent or solid. This phenomenon is what causes sea water, (a mixture of salt [and other things] in water) to remain liquid at temperatures

The colligative properties of a salt (s) lower the freezing point temperature when it is added to a solvent. This is because the dissolution of the salt in the solvent increases the number of solute particles in the solution, which in turn decreases the concentration of solvent particles and lowers the freezing point. The extent of the freezing point depression depends on the molality of the solution and the type of solvent.


Question: what are the different strains of lyme disease

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.

This is a document about Lyme disease microbiology
 Lyme disease microbiology Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus "Borrelia", which has 52 known species. Three main species ("Borrelia garinii", "Borrelia afzelii", and "Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.") are the main causative agents of the disease in humans, while a number of others have been implicated as possibly pathogenic. "Borrelia" species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease are collectively called "Borrelia burgdorferi" "sensu lato" ("s.l.") not to be confused with the single species in that complex "Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto" which is responsible for all cases of Lyme disease in North America. "Borrelia"

This is a document about Lyme disease microbiology
 will be a challenge. A vaccine made by Pfizer, known as LymeVax, is currently available for use in dogs. It is a two-strain, multiantigen vaccine which induces an antibody response to bacterial proteins OspA and OspC. Lyme disease microbiology Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus "Borrelia", which has 52 known species. Three main species ("Borrelia garinii", "Borrelia afzelii", and "Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.") are the main causative agents of the disease in humans, while a number of others have been implicated as possibly pathogenic. "Borrelia" species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease

This is a document about Borrelia
  Of the 52 known species of Borrelia, 20 belong to the Lyme disease group and are transmitted by ticks. Eight are known to cause Lyme disease or Borreliosis. The major Borrelia species causing Lyme disease are Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii. All species that cause Lyme disease are referred to collectively as B. burgdorferi sensu lato, while B. burgdorferi itself is specified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. B. burgdorferi was previously believed to be the only species to cause Lyme disease in the US, but B. bissettiae and a new species called B. mayonii cause Lyme disease in the US, as well. The remaining five human pathogenic species occur only in Europe and Asia.

This is a document about Orientia tsutsugamushi
  Boryong. As of 2009, more than 20 different strains have been established in humans based on antigenic variation using serological tests such as complement fixation and immunofluorescence assay. The number is much higher if the strains in rodents and mites are taken into account. For example, a study in Japan in 1994 reported 32 strains, 14 from human patients, 12 from wild rodents, and 6 from trombiculid mites. The different strains exert different levels of virulence, and the most virulent is KN-3, which is predominant among wild rodents. Another study in 1996 reported 40 strains. Genetic methods have revealed even greater complexity than had been previously described (for example, Gilliam is further divided into Gilliam and JG types). Due to immunological differences of the serotypes, simultaneous and repeated infection with different strains is possible.

This is a document about Lyme disease microbiology
  Until recently, only three genospecies were thought to cause Lyme disease (borreliosis): B. burgdorferi s.s. (the predominant species in North America, but also present in Europe); B. afzelii; and B. garinii (both predominant in Eurasia). Thirteen distinct genomic classifications of Lyme disease bacteria have been identified worldwide. These include but are not limited to B. burgdorferi s.s., B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. valaisana, B. lusitaniae, B. andersoni, 25015, DN127, CA55, 25015, HK501, B. miyamotoi, and B. japonica. Many of these genomic groups are country or continent specific. For example, without migration, B. japonica is only prevalent in the eastern hemisphere. The genomic variations have direct implications on the clinical symptoms of tick-borne Lyme disease. For example, B. burgdorferi s.s.’s tick-borne Lyme disease may manifest with arthritis-like symptoms. In contrast, B. garinii’s tick-borne Lyme disease may cause an infection of the central nervous system.

This is a document about Lyme disease microbiology
   Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia, which has 52 known species. Three main species (Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia burgdorferi s.s.) are the main causative agents of the disease in humans, while a number of others have been implicated as possibly pathogenic. Borrelia species in the species complex known to cause Lyme disease are collectively called Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) not to be confused with the single species in that complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto which is responsible for nearly all cases of Lyme disease in North America. Borrelia are microaerophilic and slow-growing—the primary reason for the long delays when diagnosing Lyme disease—and have been found to have greater strain diversity than previously estimated. The strains differ in clinical symptoms and/or presentation as well as geographic distribution. Except for Borrelia recurrentis (which causes louse-borne relapsing fever and is transmitted by the human body louse), all known species are believed to be transmitted by ticks.

This is a document about Tick-borne encephalitis virus
 Western European subtype (formerly Central European encephalitis virus, CEEV; principal tick vector: Ixodes ricinus); ; Siberian subtype (formerly West Siberian virus; principal tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus); ; Far Eastern subtype (formerly Russian Spring Summer encephalitis virus, RSSEV; principal tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus). TBEV has three subtypes: The reference strain is the Sofjin strain.

This is a document about Lyme disease
  Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a vector-borne disease caused by the Borrelia bacterium which is spread by ticks in the genus Ixodes. The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans, that appears at the site of the tick bite about a week after it occurred. The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful. Approximately 70–80% of infected people develop a rash. Early diagnosis can be difficult. Other early symptoms may include fever, headache, and tiredness. If untreated, symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face,

This is a document about Lyme disease
  Lyme disease is caused by spirochetes, spiral bacteria from the genus Borrelia. Spirochetes are surrounded by peptidoglycan and flagella, along with an outer membrane similar to Gram-negative bacteria. Because of their double-membrane envelope, Borrelia bacteria are often mistakenly described as Gram negative despite the considerable differences in their envelope components from Gram-negative bacteria. The Lyme-related Borrelia species are collectively known as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and show a great deal of genetic diversity. B. burgdorferi sensu lato is a species complex made up of 20 accepted and three proposed genospecies. Eight species are known to cause Lyme disease: B. mayonii (found in North America), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bissettiae (both found in North America and Europe), B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. spielmanii, and B. lusitaniae (all found in Eurasia). Some studies have also proposed that B. valaisiana may sometimes infect humans, but this species does not seem to be important causes of disease.

This is a document about Borrelia burgdorferi
  Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The complex currently comprises 20 accepted and 3 proposed genospecies. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto exists in North America and Eurasia and until 2016 was the only known cause of Lyme disease in North America. Borrelia species are gram-negative.

This is a document about Differential diagnoses of depression
 Lyme disease; is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete bacterium transmitted by the Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Lyme disease is one of a group of diseases which have earned the name the "great imitator" for their propensity to mimic the symptoms of a wide variety of medical and neuropsychiatric disorders. Lyme disease is an underdiagnosed illness, partially as a result of the complexity and unreliability of serologic testing. ; "Because of the rapid rise of Lyme borreliosis nationwide and the need for antibiotic treatment to prevent severe neurologic damage, mental health professionals need to be aware of its possible psychiatric presentations. Syphilis;

This is a document about Neuritis
  lesions. Rapid treatment is a critical component of care in patients affected with leprosy, delayed care results in permanent loss of sensation and tissue damage which requires an extensive treatment regime. Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is a tick-borne illness with both peripheral and central neurological manifestations. The first stage of Lyme disease frequently presents with a pathognomonic "bull's eye" rash, erythema migrans, as well as fever, malaise, and arthralgias. Roughly 15% of untreated patients will then develop neurological manifestations, classically characterized by cranial neuropathy, radiculoneuritis, and a lymphocytic meningitis. The nerve inflammation seen in neurological lyme disease

This is a document about List of MeSH codes (C01)
 – borrelia infections ; – lyme disease ; – erythema chronicum migrans ; – lyme neuroborreliosis ; – relapsing fever ; – leptospirosis ; – weil disease ; – treponemal infections ; – pinta ; – syphilis ; – chancre ; – neurosyphilis ; – tabes dorsalis ; – syphilis, cardiovascular ; – syphilis, congenital ; – syphilis, cutaneous ; – syphilis, latent ; – yaws

This is a document about Borrelia bissettii
  Borrelia bissettiae (formerly B. bissettii, before renaming in 2019 ) is a spirochete bacterium. The type strain is strain DN127. It is pathogenic and causes Lyme borreliosis in the Americas and Eurasia.

This is a document about Facial nerve paralysis
  Lyme disease, an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria and spread by ticks, can account for about 25% of cases of facial palsy in areas where Lyme disease is common. In the U.S., Lyme is most common in the New England and Mid-Atlantic states and parts of Wisconsin and Minnesota, but it is expanding into other areas. The first sign of about 80% of Lyme infections, typically one or two weeks after a tick byte, is usually an expanding rash that may be accompanied by headaches, body aches, fatigue, or fever. In up to 10-15% of Lyme infections, facial palsy appears several weeks later, and may be the first sign of infection that is noticed, as the

This is a document about Lyme disease
  ricinus ticks may spread the bacteria more quickly. In North America, the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, B. bissettiae, and B. mayonii cause Lyme disease. In Europe and Asia, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, B. spielmanii, and 4 other species also cause the disease. The disease does not appear to be transmissible between people, by other animals, or through food. Diagnosis is based upon a combination of symptoms, history of tick exposure, and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood. Blood tests are often negative in the early stages of the disease. Testing of individual ticks is not typically useful. Prevention includes efforts to prevent

This is a document about Borrelia lusitaniae
  The plasmid profiles of B. lusitaniae strains usually range from 19 to 76 kb. In the case of B. lusitaniae, the number of plasmids is quite low and the species lacks all the small plasmids described for the other Borrelia species with medical importance in Lyme borreliosis. Because most of the Borrelia virulence genes are located on plasmids, including genes that encode for OspC, Erps, and CRASP proteins, the low number of these genetic elements in B. lusitaniae strains could be associated with the lower infectivity reported for this species since only two human isolates have been found so far. Furthermore, the number (0.04/100,000 inhabitants) of reported cases in Portugal is not as high as in other European countries despite a high reported infection prevalence of B. lusitaniae in ticks.

This is a document about Borrelia lusitaniae
  of B. lusitaniae are rather low, because the distribution of Mediterranean lizard populations is highly parapatric. Different populations of B. lusitaniae are known. Seven strains of B. lusitaniae ''sp. nov. have been isolated from Ixodes ricinus'' ticks in Portugal, the Czech Republic, Moldavia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Local populations have diverged through vicariance, because climate change after the last ice age generated ecological barriers between Mafra and Grândola. In more northern or eastern countries, B. lusitaniae has been detected at only a few sites, at which it infects ticks less frequently than it does on the Mediterranean coast, although in Morocco and Tunisia, 96.6-100% of the Borrelia species present were B. lusitaniae.

This is a document about Septic arthritis
  cultures will be positive in 80% of the cases. However, acid fast smears are not useful. Histology is not specific to myocobacterial infection as there are other granulomatous diseases that can show similar histology. Borrelia burgdorferi, a bacterium that causes lyme disease, can affect multiple large joints such as the knee. Confirmation of Lyme disease is done through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by confirmation using Western Blot test. It cannot be cultured from synovial fluid. However, PCR testing yields 85% positive result from synovial fluid. Viruses such as rubella, parvovirus B19, chikungunya, and HIV infection can also cause septic arthritis. ; Prosthetic joint infection

The different strains of Lyme disease are caused by three main species of Borrelia bacteria: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii. These species are responsible for the majority of Lyme disease cases in humans. There are also other species of Borrelia that can cause Lyme disease, such as Borrelia bavariensis, Borrelia mayonii, and Borrelia bissettiae. Additionally, there are over 20 different strains of Orientia tsutsugam