Question: the intellectuals of the enlightenment were known by the french term

Answer: Age of Enlightenment

This is a document about Age of Enlightenment
 Age of Enlightenment The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy". French historians traditionally place the Enlightenment between 1715 (the year that Louis XIV died) and 1789 (the beginning of the French Revolution). International historians begin the period in the 1620s, with the start of the scientific revolution. "" () of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffee houses and in printed books

This is a document about Free love
 brothers, Beghards and Beguines, Lollards, and Hussites) were branded as heretics by the Roman Catholic Church and suppressed. Other movements shared their critique of marriage but advocated free sexual relations rather than celibacy, such as the Brethren of the Free Spirit, Taborites, and Picards. The challenges to traditional morality and religion brought by the Age of Enlightenment and the emancipatory politics of the French Revolution created an environment where ideas such as free love could flourish. A group of radical intellectuals in England (sometimes known as the English Jacobins), who supported the French Revolution developed early ideas about feminism and

This is a document about Early modern period
 philosophers sparking the Age of Enlightenment in the following century. The Great Divergence is epitomized by the "Age of Enlightenment" (or "Age of Reason"). The Enlightenment, starting in the 1750s, flourished until about 1790–1800, after which the emphasis on reason gave way to Romanticism's emphasis on emotion and a Counter-Enlightenment gained force. The centre of the Enlightenment was France, where it was based in the salons and culminated in the great "Encyclopédie" (1751–1772), edited by Denis Diderot (1713–1784) with contributions by hundreds of leading philosophes (intellectuals) such as Voltaire (1694–1778) and Montesquieu (1689–1755). The French Enlightenment was received in Germany,

This is a document about Thursday Lunches
 the food, but the conversation, and not many menus were recorded for posterity. Thursday Lunches Thursday Lunches () were gatherings of artists, intellectuals, architects, politicians and statesmen held by the last King of Poland, Stanisław II August during the Enlightenment in Poland. Stanisław II August, affectionately known as, "King Stan" (), was a patron of the arts and learning. It was during his reign that Poland's Age of Enlightenment begun in the 1730s–40s, reached its peak. It went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. During the Age of Enlightenment, Warsaw was modernised and became a favourite

This is a document about Szlachta
 rest of the population, placed a particular accent on food. It was at the centre of courtly and estate entertaining and in good times, at the heart of village life. During the Age of Enlightenment, King Stanislaw August Poniatowski emulated the French Salons by holding his famed Thursday Lunches for intellectuals and artists, drawn chiefly from the szlachta. His "Wednesday Lunches" were gatherings for policy makers in science, education and politics. There was a tradition, particularly in Mazovia, kept till the 20th century, of estate owners laying on a festive banquet at the completion of Harvest for their staff, known

This is a document about Thursday Lunches
 Thursday Lunches Thursday Lunches () were gatherings of artists, intellectuals, architects, politicians and statesmen held by the last King of Poland, Stanisław II August during the Enlightenment in Poland. Stanisław II August, affectionately known as, "King Stan" (), was a patron of the arts and learning. It was during his reign that Poland's Age of Enlightenment begun in the 1730s–40s, reached its peak. It went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. During the Age of Enlightenment, Warsaw was modernised and became a favourite meeting place for notable people in the world of art, architecture and literature

This is a document about Deism
 that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to determine the existence of a single creator or absolute principle of the universe. Deism gained prominence among intellectuals during the Age of Enlightenment, especially in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States. Typically, these had been raised as Christians and believed in one God, but they had become disenchanted with organized religion and orthodox teachings such as the Trinity, Biblical inerrancy, and the supernatural interpretation of events, such as miracles. Included in those influenced by its ideas were leaders of the American and French Revolutions. Deism is considered to

This is a document about Atheism
 the gods worshiped by the larger society, those who were forsaken by the gods or those who had no commitment to belief in the gods. The term denoted a social category created by orthodox religionists into which those who did not share their religious beliefs were placed. The actual term "atheism" emerged first in the 16th century. With the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the term narrowed in scope. The first individuals to identify themselves using the word "atheist" lived in the 18th century during the Age of Enlightenment. The French

This is a document about Accademia del Cimento
 and its members as pioneers in the creation of medical experimentation protocols. From the fifteenth century through the age of enlightenment the intellectuals of Europe formed a network of knowledge exchange through the writing and sharing of letters and pamphlets known as the Republic of Letters. The scientific societies in the 17th century and their members were important members of this network. One of the most famous contributors to this Republic was Henry Oldenburg, the secretary of the Royal Society of London. Oldenburg laid the foundation for the exchange of information and ideas between scientific societies and institutionalized this exchange

This is a document about Republic of Letters
 was published, his interpretation of the Enlightenment has become an orthodoxy in the Anglo-Saxon world. Republic of Letters The Republic of Letters ("Respublica literaria") is the long-distance intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas. It fostered communication among the intellectuals of the Age of Enlightenment, or "philosophes" as they were called in France. The Republic of Letters emerged in the 17th century as a self-proclaimed community of scholars and literary figures that stretched across national boundaries but respected differences in language and culture. These communities that transcended national boundaries formed the basis of

This is a document about List of intellectuals of the Enlightenment
  This is a list of intellectuals from the Age of Enlightenment.

This is a document about Philosophes
  The philosophes (French for "philosophers") were the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues. They had a critical eye and looked for weaknesses and failures that needed improvement. They promoted a "republic of letters" that crossed national boundaries and allowed intellectuals to freely exchange books and ideas. Most philosophes were men, but some were women. They strongly endorsed progress and tolerance, and distrusted organized religion (most were deists) and feudal institutions. Many contributed to Diderot's Encyclopédie. They faded away after the French Revolution reached a violent stage in 1793.

This is a document about Philosophes
  Philosophe is the French word for "philosopher," and was a word that the French Enlightenment thinkers usually applied to themselves. The philosophes, like many ancient philosophers, were public intellectuals dedicated to solving the real problems of the world. They wrote on subjects ranging from current affairs to art criticism, and they wrote in every conceivable format. The Swiss philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau, for example, wrote a political tract, a treatise on education, constitutions for Poland and Corsica, an analysis of the effects of the theater on public morals, a best-selling novel, an opera, and a highly influential autobiography. The philosophes wrote for a broadly educated public of readers who snatched up every Enlightenment book they could find at their local booksellers, even when rulers or churches tried to forbid such works. Between 1740

This is a document about Age of Enlightenment
  The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term Lumières (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufklärung?" ("Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?"), the German term became Aufklärung (aufklären = to illuminate; sich aufklären = to clear up). However, scholars have never agreed on a definition of the Enlightenment, or on its chronological or geographical extent. Terms like les Lumières (French), illuminismo (Italian), ilustración (Spanish) and Aufklärung

This is a document about London Debating Societies
 See main article: Age of Enlightenment   The Enlightenment is a period of history identified with the eighteenth century. Arising throughout Europe, Enlightenment philosophy emphasized reason as the foremost source of authority in all matters, and was simultaneously linked to increased secularization and often political upheaval. The most obvious example of this link is the French Revolution of 1789. The Enlightenment in France is tightly associated with the rise of the salons and the academies, institutions which have been intensely studied by many notable historians. The English Enlightenment has historically been largely associated with the rise of coffeehouse culture, a topic also investigated by many historians. More recent scholarship has identified early elements of the Enlightenment in other European countries, such as the Low Countries.

This is a document about History of France
   The "Philosophes" were 18th-century French intellectuals who dominated the French Enlightenment and were influential across Europe. Their interests were diverse, with experts in scientific, literary, philosophical and sociological matters. The ultimate goal of the philosophers was human progress; by concentrating on social and material sciences, they believed that a rational society was the only logical outcome of a freethinking and reasoned populace. They also advocated Deism and religious tolerance. Many believed religion had been used as a source of conflict since time eternal, and that logical, rational thought was the way forward for mankind. The philosopher Denis Diderot was editor in chief of the famous Enlightenment accomplishment, the 72,000-article Encyclopédie (1751–72). It was made possible through a

This is a document about Early modern philosophy
  The Enlightenment, also referred to as the Age of Enlightenment, was a philosophical movement that dominated the realm of ideas in 18th-century Europe. It was founded on the principle that reason is the fundamental source of power and legitimacy, and it promoted principles such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional governance, and church-state separation. The Enlightenment was defined by a focus on science and reductionism, as well as a growing suspicion of religious rigidity. The Enlightenment's ideals challenged the monarchy and the church, laying the groundwork for the political upheavals of the 18th and 19th centuries. According to French historians, the Age of Enlightenment began in 1715, the year Louis XIV died, and ended in 1789, the

This is a document about Louis XV
  The French philosophical movement later called the Enlightenment began and gathered force during the reign of Louis XV; In 1746 Diderot published his Pensées philosophiques, followed in 1749 by his Lettres sur les Aveugles and the first volume of the Encyclopédie, in 1751. Montesquieu published De l'esprit des Lois in 1748. Voltaire published le Siecle de Louis XIV and l'Essai sur les moeurs et l'esprit des nations in 1756. Rousseau became known in 1750 by the publication of Discours sur les sciences et les arts, followed in 1755 by Discours sur les origins et les fondaments de l'inégalité. These were accompanied by new works on economics, finance, and commerce by the elder Mirabeau, François Quesnay and other scientific thinkers which undermined all

This is a document about Intellectual
  Socially, intellectuals constitute the intelligentsia, a status class organised either by ideology (conservative, fascist, socialist, liberal, reactionary, revolutionary, democratic, communist intellectuals etc.), or by nationality (American intellectuals, French intellectuals, Ibero–American intellectuals, et al.). The term intelligentsiya originated from the of Tsarist Russia (c. 1860s–1870s), where it denotes the social stratum of those possessing intellectual formation (schooling, education), and who were Russian society's counterpart to the German Bildungsbürgertum and to the French bourgeoisie éclairée, the enlightened middle classes of those realms. In Marxist philosophy, the social class function of the intellectuals (the intelligentsia) is to be the source of progressive ideas for the transformation of society: providing advice and counsel to the political leaders, interpreting the country's politics to the mass of the population (urban

The intellectuals of the Enlightenment were known as "philosophes" in French.


Question: when was the epistle to the romans written

Answer: late 56 / early 57

This is a document about Epistle to the Romans
 is not mentioned in the epistle, but it was obviously written when the collection for Jerusalem had been assembled and Paul was about to "go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints", that is, at the close of his second visit to Greece, during the winter preceding his last visit to that city. The majority of scholars writing on Romans propose the letter was written in late 55/early 56 or late 56/early 57. Early 55 and early 58 both have some support, while German New Testament scholar Gerd Lüdemann argues for a date as early as 51/52 (or 54/55), following

This is a document about Epistle to the Romans
  The Epistle to the Romans or Letter to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by Paul the Apostle to explain that salvation is offered through the gospel of Jesus Christ. It is the longest of the Pauline epistles.

This is a document about Epistle to the Romans
  was written in Corinth. The precise time at which it was written is not mentioned in the epistle, but it was obviously written when the collection for Jerusalem had been assembled and Paul was about to "go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints", that is, at the close of his second visit to Greece, during the winter preceding his last visit to that city. The majority of scholars writing on Romans propose the letter was written in late 55/early 56 or late 56/early 57. Early 55 and early 58 both have some support, while German New Testament scholar Gerd Lüdemann argues for a date as early as 51/52 (or 54/55), following on from Knox, who proposed 53/54. Lüdemann is the only serious challenge to the consensus of mid to late 50s.

This is a document about Epistle to the Romans
  The scholarly consensus is that Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans. C. E. B. Cranfield, in the introduction to his commentary on Romans, says: "The denial of Paul's authorship of Romans by such critics ... is now rightly relegated to a place among the curiosities of NT scholarship. Today no responsible criticism disputes its Pauline origin. The evidence of its use in the Apostolic Fathers is clear, and before the end of the second century it is listed and cited as Paul's. Every extant early list of NT books includes it among his letters. The external evidence of authenticity could indeed hardly be stronger; and it is altogether borne out by the internal evidence, linguistic, stylistic, literary, historical and theological."  The letter was most probably written while Paul was in Corinth, probably

This is a document about Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans
  To the Romans is one of seven epistles attributed to Ignatius that are generally accepted as authentic. In 5th century, this collection was enlarged by spurious letters. It is clear that To the Romans was written soon before the martyrdom of Ignatius, but it is uncertain when precisely this martyrdom occurred. Tradition places the martyrdom of Ignatius in the reign of Trajan, who was emperor of Rome from 98 to 117 AD. While many scholars accept the traditional dating of Ignatius' martyrdom under Trajan, others have argued for a somewhat later date. Richard Pervo dated Ignatius' death to 135-140 AD, and British classicist Timothy Barnes has argued for a date some time in the 140s AD. Interestingly, although we do not know which specific year Ignatius wrote this letter, he does provide the month and day: August 23 (Ign. Rom. 10).

This is a document about Epistle to the Ephesians
  According to tradition, the Apostle Paul wrote the letter while he was in prison in Rome (around AD 62). This would be about the same time as the Epistle to the Colossians (which in many points it resembles) and the Epistle to Philemon. However, many critical scholars have questioned the authorship of the letter and suggest that it may have been written between AD 80 and 100.

This is a document about Sources for the historicity of Jesus
  considered pseudepigraphic. The 7 undisputed letters (and their approximate dates) are: 1 Thessalonians (c. 51 CE), Philippians (c. 52–54 CE), Philemon (c. 52–54 CE), 1 Corinthians (c. 53–54 CE), Galatians (c. 55 CE), 2 Corinthians (c. 55–56 CE) and Romans (c. 55–58 CE). The authenticity of these letters is accepted by almost all scholars, and they have been referenced and interpreted by early authors such as Origen and Eusebius. Given that the Pauline epistles are generally dated AD 50–60, they are the earliest surviving Christian texts that include information about Jesus. These letters were written approximately twenty to thirty years after the generally accepted time period

This is a document about AD 57
 Paul of Tarsus writes his Second Epistle to the Corinthians and his Epistle to the Romans (probable date).

This is a document about First Epistle of Peter
  in AD 81, which is when he believes widespread Christian persecution began, which is long after the death of Peter. More recent scholars such as Travis Williams say that the persecution described does not appear to be describing official Roman persecutions after Peter's death, thus not directly ruling out an early date for the creation of the epistle. Another dating issue is the reference to "Babylon" in chapter 5 verse 13, generally agreed to be a claim the letter was written from Rome. However, it is believed that the identification of Rome with Babylon, the ancient enemy of the Jews, only came after the destruction of the Temple in AD 70. Other scholars doubt

This is a document about Romans 7
  Romans 7 is the seventh chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid 50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.

This is a document about AD 50
 Christianity is introduced throughout Nubia by a high official of Queen Judith. ; The Epistle to the Romans is written (approximate date). ; The Apostles hold the Council of Jerusalem (approximate date).

This is a document about Epistle to the Ephesians
  a circular letter intended for many churches. The Jerusalem Bible notes that some critics think the words "who are…" would have been followed by a blank to be filled in with the name of "whichever church was being sent the letter". If Paul was the author of the letter, then it was probably written from Rome during Paul's first imprisonment, and probably soon after his arrival there in the year 62, four years after he had parted with the Ephesian elders at Miletus. However, scholars who dispute Paul's authorship date the letter to between 70 and 80 AD. In the latter case, the possible location of the authorship could have been within the church of Ephesus itself. Ignatius of Antioch himself seemed to be very well versed in the epistle to the Ephesians, and mirrors many of his own thoughts in his own epistle to the Ephesians.

This is a document about First Epistle of Clement
  Although traditionally attributed to Clement of Rome, the letter does not include Clement's name, and is anonymous, though scholars generally consider it to be genuine. The epistle is addressed as "the Church of God which sojourneth in Rome to the Church of God which sojourneth in Corinth". Its stylistic coherence suggests a single author. Scholars have proposed a range of dates, but most limit the possibilities to the last three decades of the 1st century, and no later than AD140. The common time given for the epistle's composition is at the end of the reign of Domitian (c. AD96). The phrase "sudden and repeated misfortunes and hindrances which have befallen us" (1:1) is taken as a reference to persecutions under Domitian. Some scholars believe that 1 Clement was written around the same time as the Book of Revelation (c. AD95–97).

This is a document about Saint Peter
  The church in Rome was already flourishing when Paul wrote his Epistle to the Romans about AD 57. He greets some fifty people in Rome by name, but not Peter whom he knew. There is also no mention of Peter in Rome later during Paul's two-year stay there in, about AD 60–62. Some Church historians consider Peter and Paul to have been martyred under the reign of Nero,  around AD 64 or 68.

This is a document about Romans 5
  Romans 5 is the fifth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid 50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.

This is a document about The Epistle to the Romans (Barth book)
  The Epistle to the Romans (Der Römerbrief) is a commentary by the Swiss theologian Karl Barth on the New Testament Epistle to the Romans. Disillusioned with both German Protestant Liberalism and Religious Socialism after the outbreak of the World War I in 1914, Barth decided in the summer of 1916 to write a commentary on Paul's Epistle to the Romans as a way of rethinking his theological inheritance. Barth was a pastor in Safenwil at the time. Protestant Liberal theology had played a significant role in the rise of German nationalism prior to World War I, leading to Barth's disillusionment and attempts to restructure Protestant theology. The first edition of the commentary was published in December 1918 (but with a publication date of 1919). It was the first edition of the work, which earned Barth

This is a document about Epistle of Jude
  The date of composition is not known, but is loosely speculated to be between the years 50 and 110. Among those who favor the authorship of the Jude mentioned in the gospels, the letter is generally placed before the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in AD 73. Among those who favor the authorship of an unknown Christian, it is assumed to be a work of the early second century. Bart Ehrman suggests an even later date, in the second half of the second century, due to certain passages that suggest the apostles lived in the past and use of certain terminology in ways similar to the pastoral epistles that was uncommon in the first century.

This is a document about Second Epistle of Peter
  in his letter to Hedibia. The questions of authorship and date are closely related. For Petrine authorship to be authentic, it must have been written prior to Peter's death in c. AD 65–67. The letter refers to the Pauline epistles and so must post-date at least some of them, regardless of authorship, thus a date before 60 is improbable. Further, it goes as far as to name the Pauline epistles as "scripture"—the only time a New Testament work refers to another New Testament work in this way—implying that it postdates them by some time. Scholars consider the epistle to be written anywhere between c. AD 60-130, with a favour for a date between 80-90 and so contend that it is pseudepigraphical.

This is a document about Romans 12
  Romans 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid 50s AD, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.

The Epistle to the Romans was most likely written during the winter preceding the collection for Jerusalem, which was in late 55/early 56. Some scholars argue for earlier dates, such as late 54 or early 55, but the majority of scholars support the later date.


Question: where were the separatist planning on going when they came to the colonies

Answer: Netherlands

This is a document about Plymouth Colony
 a democratic structure. Ministers, teachers, and lay church elders were elected by and responsible to the entire congregation (Calvinist Federalism). Each congregation was independent of all the others and directly subject to God's (or Christ's) government (theocracy), hence the name Congregationalism. The Pilgrims distinguished themselves from the Puritans in that they sought to "separate" themselves from the Anglican Church, rather than reform it from within. It was this desire to worship from outside of the Anglican Communion that led them first to the Netherlands and ultimately to New England. Each town in the colony was considered a single church congregation;

This is a document about Curtiss P-36 Hawk
 .303 machine guns in the wings. After delivery, the .50 weapons were replaced to standardize parts and ammo. The plane could carry six 23 kg bombs. The fighters were shipped in 1940 and almost rerouted to the Netherlands when Germany invaded. But as the mainland surrendered, the aircraft came to the colonies where they were used extensively against the Japanese attack on the Far Eastern part of the kingdom. By that time, the aircraft had flown so many hours that the engines were showing serious wear and tear. Most Dutch Hawks were assigned to the "1ste JachtVliegAfdeling - VliegtuigGroep IV"

This is a document about Middle Colonies
 British colonies in North America; they had settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and German states. The good farm land was much cheaper than in Europe. With the new arrivals came various Protestant denominations, which were protected in the Middle Colonies by written freedom of religion laws. This tolerance was very unusual and distinct from the situation in other British colonies. The Middle Colonies were explored by Henry Hudson on a journey into the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1609. The Dutch soon claimed the land. Although the Swedes and the Dutch fought over the land in the

This is a document about Norman Canadian
 It could be said that some of their ancestors were the first Europeans to discover North America in 1000 AD (see Leif Ericson). Other Normans came to Canada from countries that they had immigrated to after the Edit de Nantes had been revoked in 1685. Thousands of Norman people immigrated to Great Britain, the Netherlands, South Africa and the British colonies and some to Switzerland and Germany, when the majority converted to Catholicism. The first settlers to Canada came from Normandy. Example: On July 23, 1632, 300 colonists heading to Canada departed from Dieppe. They brought with them their own

This is a document about United Colonies
  Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. Congress called on the colonies to rename themselves as states, with new constitutions. On March 14 1775 as proposed by John Adams the Congress: After the battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, the New England militias mobilized to surround the British in Boston. On July 6, 1775, Congress issued,  A declaration by the representatives of the United Colonies of North America, now met in General Congress in Philadelphia, setting forth the causes and necessity of their

This is a document about Hartford Convention
  to a successful conclusion with an invasion of Canada. There were fears that New England would negotiate a separate peace with Great Britain, an action in many ways just as harmful to the nation as actual secession. In preparing for a worst-case scenario, Madison moved troops from the New York–Canada border to Albany where they could quickly be sent to Massachusetts or Connecticut if needed to preserve federal authority. Several New England regiments that had participated in the Niagara campaign were returned home where it was hoped that they could serve as a focal point for New Englanders opposed to disunion.

This is a document about History of Protestantism
  migration of the Puritan separatists from the Anglican Church of England, who fled first to Holland, and then later to America, to establish the English colonies of New England, which later became the United States. These Puritan separatists were also known as "the pilgrims". After establishing a colony at Plymouth (in what would become later Massachusetts) in 1620, the Puritan pilgrims received a charter from the King of England which legitimized their colony, allowing them to do trade and commerce with merchants in England, in accordance with the principles of mercantilism. This successful, though initially quite difficult, colony marked

This is a document about Freedom of religion in the United States
  Separatist Congregationalists (Pilgrim Fathers) and Puritans had enforced in Plymouth Colony (1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628). Having fled religious persecution themselves in England, the leaders of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony restricted franchise to members of their church only, rigorously enforced their own interpretation of theological law and banished  freethinkers such as Roger Williams, who was actually chased out of Salem., as well as banning Quakers and Anabaptists. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities. Catholics and Jews also had full citizenship and free exercise of their faiths. Williams, Hooker, Penn, and their friends were firmly convinced that democracy and freedom of conscience were

This is a document about William Bradford (governor)
  By 1617, the Scrooby congregation began to plan the establishment of their own colony in the Americas. The Separatists could practice religion as they pleased in the Dutch Republic, but they were troubled by the fact that their children were being influenced by Dutch customs and language, after nearly ten years in the Netherlands. Therefore, they commenced three years of difficult negotiations in England seeking permission to settle in the northern parts of the Colony of Virginia (which then extended north to the Hudson River). The colonists also struggled to negotiate terms with a group of financial backers in London known as the Merchant Adventurers. By July 1620, Robert Cushman and John Carver had made the necessary arrangements, and approximately fifty Separatists

This is a document about Eastern Cape Separatist League
  The Separatist movement in parliament gradually formed as a loose and informal alliance of settler representatives, who advocated for a separate colony for the Eastern Province. The settler representatives felt that a separate colony, with its own parliament, would allow them to pursue their policies of a higher franchise qualification, expansion eastwards, and a greater Imperial military presence. The movement almost immediately fragmented, and continued to coalesce and re-divide throughout its history, due to the regional interests of different towns, and to a range of ideological differences. The largest and most radical faction was based near the eastern frontier, in the town of Grahamstown, and was therefore variously known as

This is a document about History of Canada (1763–1867)
  when British reinforcements arrived. Eddy and Allan continued to make trouble on the frontier between what is now Maine and New Brunswick from a base in Machias for several years. The Maritime provinces were also affected by privateering, and raids on settlements by privateers in violation of their letters of marque. In notable instances, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island and Lunenburg, Nova Scotia were subjected to these raids. During and after the Revolution, approximately 70,000 United Empire Loyalists fled the United States. Of these, roughly 50,000 Loyalists settled in the British North American colonies, which then consisted of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Prince Edward Island (created 1769). The Loyalists who settled in western Nova Scotia wanted political

This is a document about Thomas Drummond, Lord Drummond
  In 1768, Lord Drummond first came to America from Scotland to defend his family's rights to lands in the Province of New Jersey, namely those of the Earl of Melfort in Perth Amboy. Due to his many influential friends on both sides of the Atlantic, he took on the role of intermediary between the colonies and England during the American Revolution. In late December 1775, Lord Drummond arrived in Philadelphia with his plan for reconciliation. During the first two weeks of January, he discussed his plan with sympathetic members of the Continental Congress, which included Thomas Lynch. His plan was based on conversations in England, between December 1774 and September 1775, with Lord North, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, and Lord Dartmouth, the Secretary of State for the Colonies and First Lord of Trade, and American moderates in New York during

This is a document about United States Declaration of Independence
  to this country or independent". Most colonists still hoped for reconciliation with Great Britain, even after fighting began in the American Revolutionary War at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. The Second Continental Congress convened at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia in May 1775, and some delegates hoped for eventual independence, but no one yet advocated declaring it. Many colonists no longer believed that Parliament had any sovereignty over them, yet they still professed loyalty to King George, who they hoped would intercede on their behalf. They were disappointed in late 1775 when the king rejected Congress's second petition, issued a Proclamation of Rebellion, and announced before Parliament on October 26 that he was considering "friendly offers of foreign assistance" to suppress the rebellion. A pro-American minority in Parliament warned that the government was driving the colonists toward independence.

This is a document about Loyalism
  Of the 62,000 who left by 1784, almost 50,000 sought refuge elsewhere in the British North American colonies of Quebec (partitioned into the Canadas in 1791), New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and St. John's Island; whereas the remaining loyalist migrants went to Jamaica, the Bahamas and Britain, often with financial help from the Crown. They were joined by 30,000 or more "Late Loyalists" who settled in Ontario in the early 1790s at the invitation of the British administration and given land and low taxes in exchange for swearing allegiance to the King, for a total of 70,000+ new settlers. There were in fact four waves of emigration: in the years 1774 through 1776 when for example 1300 Tories were evacuated

This is a document about Invasion of Quebec (1775)
  After news of Lexington and Concord reached London, the government of Lord North, realizing it would require the support of foreign troops to combat the rebellion, began negotiating with European allies for the use of their troops in North America. Requests to Catherine the Great for Russian troops were refused, but a number of German principalities were prepared to offer theirs. Of the 50,000 troops that Britain raised in 1776, nearly one third came from a handful of these principalities; the number of troops from Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Hanau caused them to be widely referred to as Hessians. Of these 50,000, about 11,000 were destined for service in Quebec. Troops from Hesse-Hanau and Brunswick-Lüneburg sailed in February

This is a document about Joseph-Geneviève de Puisaye
  In England, Puisaye and his fellow "French émigrés" were supported with public money and private charity, which quickly made them unwelcome. Puisaye proposed leading them to Upper Canada where they would found a French military colony and help defend Upper Canada from republican influences. Puisaye arranged for the French royalists to be settled in Upper Canada on the same terms as the United Empire Loyalists some two decades before. He and forty-one other settlers departed England for Upper Canada in the summer of 1798. It was expected that this expedition would pave the way for the emigration of thousands of French loyalists. On 22 November 1798, the Executive Council

This is a document about History of conservatism in the United States
  left the new United States by 1783. Most went to Canada where they are still known as United Empire Loyalists. The patriots who fought in the Revolution did so in the name of preserving traditional rights of Englishmen—especially the right of "no taxation without representation"; they increasingly opposed attempts by Parliament to tax and control the fast-growing colonies. In 1773, when the British imposed heavy sanctions on the Massachusetts colony in the wake of the Boston Tea Party, self described patriots organized colony-by-colony resistance through organizations such as the Sons of Liberty. Fighting broke out in the spring of 1775, and all Thirteen Colonies entered into open

This is a document about Cajuns
  colonies, now Canadian provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, the Gaspe Peninsula in the province of Quebec. The deportation of the Acadians from these areas beginning in 1755 has become known as the Great Upheaval or Le Grand Dérangement. The Acadians' migration from Canada was spurred by the 1763 Treaty of Paris which ended the war. The treaty terms provided 18 months for unrestrained emigration. Many Acadians moved to the region of the Atakapa in present-day Louisiana, often travelling via the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). Joseph Broussard led the first group of 200 Acadians to arrive in Louisiana on February 27, 1765, aboard

This is a document about Expulsion of the Acadians
  In the first wave of the expulsion, most Acadian exiles were assigned to rural communities in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and South Carolina. In general, they refused to stay where they were put and large numbers migrated to the colonial port cities where they gathered in isolated, impoverished French-speaking Catholic neighbourhoods, the sort of communities Britain's colonial officials tried to discourage. More worryingly for the British authorities, some Acadians threatened to migrate north to French-controlled regions, including the Saint John River, Île Royale (Cape Breton Island), the coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Canada. Because the British believed their policy of sending the Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies had failed, they deported the Acadians to France during the second wave of the Expulsion.

This is a document about Mayflower
  After deciding to leave Holland, they planned to cross the Atlantic using two purchased ships. A small ship with the name Speedwell would first carry them from Leiden to England. Then the larger Mayflower would be used to transport most of the passengers and supplies the rest of the way. Not all of the Separatists were able to depart, as many did not have enough time to settle their affairs and their budgets were too meager to buy the necessary travel supplies. The congregation therefore decided that the younger and stronger members should go first, with others possibly following in the future. Although the congregation had been led by John Robinson, who first proposed the idea of emigrating to America,

The Separatists, who later became known as the Pilgrims, came to the colonies in the Middle Colonies region of North America, specifically in what is now Massachusetts, in search of religious freedom. They sought to separate from the Church of England and worship God in their own way.


Question: what do we type into a search bar

Answer: query

This is a document about Search box
 Search box A search box, search field or search bar is a graphical control element used in computer programs, such as file managers or web browsers, and on web sites. A search box is usually a single-line text box or search icon ( which will transform into a search box on click activity) with the dedicated function of accepting user input to be searched for in a database. Search boxes on web pages are usually used to allow users to enter a query to be submitted to a Web search engine server-side script, where an index database is queried for

This is a document about Audio search engine
 Audio search engine An audio search engine is a web-based search engine which crawls the web for audio content. The information can consist of web pages, images, audio files, or another type of document. Various techniques exist for research on these engines. Text entered into a search bar by the user is compared to the search engine's database. Matching results are accompanied by a brief description of the audio file and its characteristics such as sample frequency, bit rate, type of file, length, duration, or coding type. The user is given the option of downloading the resulting files. The Query

This is a document about YossarianLives
 YossarianLives Yossarian Lives is a metaphorical search engine, a type of Internet search engine. Its algorithms return results that are disparate, but potentially metaphorically related to the user's query. These results are intended to encourage creative thinking and diversity of thought. "We don't want you to know what everyone else knows, we want you to generate new knowledge." The search engine emphasizes new knowledge vs. the reinforcing of existing information. The site works to avoid the "filter bubble" by returning results that are conceptually related but disparate, compared with traditional search engines that return the most popular or common results.

This is a document about Web search query
 not theoretically derived, the classification has been empirically validated with actual search engine queries. Search engines often support a fourth type of query that is used far less frequently: Most commercial web search engines do not disclose their search logs, so information about what users are searching for on the Web is difficult to come by. Nevertheless, research studies appeared in 1998. Later, a study in 2001 analyzed the queries from the Excite search engine showed some interesting characteristics of web search: A study of the same Excite query logs revealed that 19% of the queries contained a geographic term

This is a document about Mozilla Application Suite
 the browser refined its search. Additionally, Mozilla supported the "custom keyword" feature. This feature allowed users to access their bookmarks from the location bar using keywords (and an optional query parameter). For example, using a custom keyword, a user could type "google apple" into the address bar and be redirected to the results of a Google search for "apple". For the mail and newsgroup component, the built-in Bayesian e-mail spam filter could effectively filter out unwanted e-mail spam after a period of training. Mozilla introduced the extension model, which was expanded and improved by Firefox and Thunderbird. Through extensions (installed

This is a document about I Can I BB
  Type “奇葩说” into the search bar.

This is a document about Search box
  A search box, search field or search bar is a graphical control element used in computer programs, such as file managers or web browsers, and on web sites. A search box is usually a single-line text box or search icon (which will transform into a search box on click activity) with the dedicated function of accepting user input to be searched for in a database. Search boxes on web pages are usually used to allow users to enter a query to be submitted to a Web search engine server-side script, where an index database is queried for entries that contain one or more of the

This is a document about Search engine results page
  Also known as 'user search string', this is the word or set of words that are typed by the user in the search bar of the search engine. The search box is located on all major search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing, Petal, Sogou. Users indicate the topic desired based on the keywords they enter into the search box in the search engine. In the competition between search engines to draw the attention of more users and advertisers, consumer satisfaction has been a driving force in the evolution of the search algorithm applied to better filter the results by relevancy. Search queries are no longer successful based upon merely finding words that match purely by spelling. Intent and expectations

This is a document about Picture Motion Browser
  PMB has a search bar that is always visible when viewing the library. Searches are live in that displayed items are filtered as you type. The search bar will search filenames, captions, tags, folder names, and other metadata.

This is a document about Thirdstory
 Searching

This is a document about Features new to Windows 7
  the relevant albums. Search Filter Suggestions are a new feature of the Windows 7 Explorer's search box. When the user clicks in the search box, a menu shows up below it showing recent searches as well as suggested Advanced Query Syntax filters that the user can type. When one is selected (or typed in manually), the menu will update to show the possible values to filter by for that property, and this list is based on the current location and other parts of the query already typed. For example, selecting the "tags" filter or typing "tags:" into the search box will display

This is a document about Iacono's working set structure
  To search for an element.

This is a document about Listary
 Smart Search: Find-as-you-type search list that narrows down real-time as you type any part of item name. ; Wildcards: Find-as-you-type search using wildcards like '*' and '?' in the traditional way. ; Shortcut to command mode: Simply type /cmd to enter command line window in the directory you are presently in. ; Hotkey: Press only Windows+W to start Listary. Customize shortcuts to select items from large lists. ; Nifty UI: Neat tool sitting in system tray, showing only a search bar that disappears upon 'Esc'. ; Traditional search: Find-as-you-type search list that narrows down real-time as you type item name in exact order. ; Text editing: Edit text anywhere with your favorite text editor. ; Auto-complete: Predicts what you want to type and auto-completes the search-string with just a few tabs. ; Regular expressions: Powerful, flexible advanced search method for matching strings of text.

This is a document about Query string
 The query string is composed of a series of arguments by parsing the text into words at the spaces. ; The series is separated by the plus sign, ' '. Before forms were added to HTML, browsers rendered the element as a single-line text-input control. The text entered into this control was sent to the server as a query string addition to a GET request for the base URL or another URL specified by the action attribute. This was intended to allow web servers to use the provided text as query criteria so they could return a list of matching pages. When the text input into the indexed search control is submitted, it is

This is a document about IE7Pro
  page for a word or phrase. A search pane is placed at the bottom of the Internet Explorer window. Pressing CTRL+F displays this search pane if it closed, usurping the shortcut keys for Internet Explorer's default search. The Find on this Page... option in Internet Explorer's Edit menu still launches the browser's default Find window. "Find as you type" functionality actively searches for words or portions of a word as you type in the search box. Match Case feature allows users to search for words or phrases in a case sensitive manner. Optional Highlight All feature locates every instance of your search string and highlights

This is a document about Features of Firefox
  Firefox also has an incremental find feature known as "Find as you type", invoked by pressing Ctrl+F. With this feature enabled, a user can simply begin typing a word while viewing a web page, and Firefox automatically searches for it and highlights the first instance found. As the user types more of the word, Firefox refines its search. Also, if the user's exact query does not appear anywhere on the page, the "Find" box turns red. Ctrl+G can be pressed to go to the next found match. Alternatively the slash (/) key can be used instead to invoke the "quick search". The "quick search", in contrast to the normal search, lacks search controls and is wholly controlled by the keyboard. In this mode highlighted links can be followed by pressing the enter key. The "quick search" has an alternate mode which is invoked by pressing the apostrophe (') key, in this mode only links are matched.

This is a document about Features new to Windows Vista
  The Tablet PC Input Panel of Windows XP Tablet PC Edition is updated to support AutoComplete in address bars, contextual disambiguation, and handwriting personalization. Context determines the user's intent when writing: in an address bar, handwritten text is automatically identified as a URL, but the same text is identified as prose when written in a textbox. Password fields selected with the pen now display the On-Screen Keyboard instead of the Tablet PC Input Panel to prevent observers from seeing handwritten passwords. The recognizer can now identify and adapt to specific handwriting, with an optional Automatic Learning feature improving recognition accuracy on an ongoing basis through regular use; users

This is a document about File Explorer
  type. When one is selected (or typed in manually), the menu will update to show the possible values to filter by for that property, and this list is based on the current location and other parts of the query already typed. For example, selecting the "tags" filter or typing "tags:" into the search box will display the list of possible tag values which will return search results. The metadata written within the file, implemented in Vista, is also utilized in Windows 7. This can sometimes lead to long wait times displaying the contents of a folder. For example, if a folder contains many large video files totaling hundreds of

This is a document about HTML element
  attribute specifies the default width of the input in character-widths. sets the maximum number of characters the user can enter (which may be greater than size). search: A variation of which produces a search bar. password: A variation of. The difference is that text typed in this field is – characters are displayed as an asterisk, a dot, or another replacement. The password is still submitted to the server as plaintext, so an underlying secure communication protocol like HTTPS is needed if confidentiality is a concern. file: A file select field (for uploading files to a server). tel: A variation of

This is a document about AutoHotkey
  The following script will allow a user to search for a particular word or phrase using Google. After copying text from any application to the clipboard, pressing the configurable hotkey will open the user's default web browser and perform the search. The following script defines a hotstring that enables the user to type "afaik" in any program and have it automatically replaced with "as far as I know":

You type a query or search term into a search bar to initiate a search for relevant information. This can be on a website, in a search engine, or in an audio search engine, where the query is sent to a server to be processed and returned with matching results.


Question: how many episodes in series 2 of taken

Answer: 16 episodes

This is a document about Taken (TV series)
 Taken (TV series) Taken is a crime drama series based on the eponymous film trilogy. The series acts as a modern-day origin story. Clive Standen stars as a younger version of Bryan Mills, the character played by Liam Neeson in the trilogy. The series was commissioned with a straight-to-series-order in September 2015 and premiered on February 27, 2017, on NBC. NBC renewed the series for a second season of 16 episodes on May 9, 2017, which premiered on January 12, 2018. NBC removed the series from its schedule on April 18, 2018, and then announced that it would return on

This is a document about How to Get Away with Murder (season 2)
 How to Get Away with Murder (season 2) The second season of the ABC American television drama series "How to Get Away with Murder" was ordered on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The second season began airing on September 24, 2015, with 15 episodes like the previous season, and concluded on March 17, 2016. This was made in a deal with Viola Davis that the series would be a limited series with only 15 or 16 episodes per season. A promotional poster was released on August 18 and the trailer was released on September 10. In its second season, the

This is a document about Mile High
  Series one consisted of 13 episodes. Series two consisted of 7 episodes followed by 19 in series three. Series two was the shortest series due to a compressed time scale for filming. Series two was a major success and as a result a further series of 19 episodes was commissioned. Episodes 14–20 and 21–39 were shown in four separate batches. Although episodes 21–39 were commissioned as a third series, episodes 14–20 and 21–39 were combined to create one large series classified as series two. Charlotte Taylor (Sarah Farooqui) departed after series two, causing her character to disappear without explanation in series three when it was combined with series two. This is one major difference between the series.

This is a document about List of Thunderbirds episodes
  Series Two comprised six 50-minute episodes. Episodes are listed in the official order published by distributor ITC Entertainment, which matches the order of production.

This is a document about Wings (British TV series)
  Series 1 consisted of 12 episodes. Series 2 consisted of 13 episodes.

This is a document about The Bridge (2011 TV series)
  Series two consists of 10 episodes. Each episode is 60 minutes in length. Episodes were aired close to the Danish/Swedish premiere in the other Nordic countries. Finland's YLE TV1 aired new episodes on the same day with SVT1. Norway's NRK1 and Iceland's RÚV air episodes the following day, with the first episode airing there on 23 September. It was shown in the United Kingdom on BBC Four and BBC Four HD on 4 January 2014, as with the first series, in two episode blocks at 21:00 and 22:00.

This is a document about Footballers' Wives: Extra Time
  With success of the first series, ITV2 increased the episode lengths by 10 minutes and ordered 1 more than the first series. The original episode line-up of series two consisted of 18 episodes at 20–25 minutes each. However, there is no explanation as to why the 18 episodes were put into 13 extended episodes for airing. Both series aired on Thursdays at 10:00 pm, though for some episodes the time varied.

This is a document about It Takes a Thief (2005 TV series)
  The second season of It Takes a Thief also consisted of 40 episodes and originally aired from October 16, 2006 to April 13, 2007. The second season's revamped format makes the show's break-ins seem more realistic, surprising, and suspenseful. The producers, rather than Johnston, now make the initial contact with the owners. They are warned that the burglary could happen unannounced at any time and are told to continue with their normal routines, as opposed to watching the burglary live on closed-circuit television (CCTV). Rainey now monitors the residence, learns the homeowners' routines, and (usually) waits for the house to be vacant. When he feels it is time

This is a document about Bill Oddie Goes Wild
  There were eight episodes in series 2.

This is a document about Hotter Than My Daughter
  Series 1 comprised six episodes. Series 2 comprised eight episodes.

This is a document about Andrew Lockington
 Missing (48 episodes, 2003–2006) ; Sanctuary (46 episodes, 2009–2011): Seasons 2–4 ; Primeval: New World (13 episodes, 2012–2013) ; Aftermath (13 episodes, 2016) ; Frontier (12 episodes, 2016-2017) ; Delhi Crime (7 episodes, 2019) ; Daybreak (10 episodes, 2019) ; American Gods (10 episodes, 2021)

This is a document about Dan & Becs
 } The second series consists of ten episodes. It began broadcasting in September 2007. Episodes were available for viewing online for a week after original broadcast.

This is a document about List of characters in Monarch of the Glen
 Series 2: episodes 2-7

This is a document about Great Railway Journeys
  Episode summary for Series 2:

This is a document about The Specials (TV series)
  Season 2 consists of seven 21-minute episodes. It premiered together with season 1 on OWN as a back-to-back marathon on 7 September 2014. It picks up 2 years after the end of season 1.

This is a document about Brad Turner (director)
 Stargate Atlantis (6 episodes, 2004–2006) ; Stargate SG-1 (8 episodes, 1997–2005) ; Alias (1 episode, 2005) ; Smallville (1 episode, 2005) ; Las Vegas (2 episodes, 2005) ; 24 (46 episodes, 2004–2010) ; Battlestar Galactica (1 episode, 2004) ; The Outer Limits (17 episodes, 1995–2002) ; La Femme Nikita (9 episodes, 1998–2001) ; Andromeda (6 episodes, 2001–2005) ; Jeremiah (2 episodes, 2002) ; Blade: The Series (1 episode, 2006) ; Bones (2 episodes, 2009) ; Hawaii Five-0 (8 episodes, 2010–2011) ; The Secret Circle (1 episode, 2011) ; Homeland (1 episode, 2011) ; Nikita (2 episodes, 2012) ; Alcatraz (1 episode, 2012) ; Psych (3 episodes, 2013–2014) ; The Shannara Chronicles (2016–2017) ; Take Two (1 episode, 2018) ; V Wars (4 episodes, 2019) ; neXt (episode "file #9", 2020) ; Safehaven (10 episodes, TBA)

This is a document about The Guard (TV series)
  While there is agreement that 22 episodes of The Guard have been produced, the organization into seasons has provided some controversy. Originally, Halifax Film announced a first season consisting of 7 episodes. Halifax announced on October 9, 2008 that season 2 would consist of 15 episodes beginning on 29 October 2008. In the final press kit, it states, "The Guard returns with a new season of 15 one-hour episodes on October 29 in its new timeslot Wednesday at 10 PM on Global TV." However, in this same press kit (edited after the series was completed), Halifax Film opts to relabel the episodes for marketing purposes in other markets so that season 1 consists of

This is a document about Félix Enríquez Alcalá
  ; John Doe – 1 episode, 2002 ; Taken – 1 episode, 2002 ; The Guardian – 2 episodes, 2003 ; CSI: Crime Scene Investigation – 1 episode, 2003 ; CSI: Miami – 1 episode, 2004 ; The Shield – 2 episodes, 2003–2004 ; Jonny Zero – 2 episodes, 2005 ; Law & Order: Special Victims Unit – 1 episode, 2005 ; The Unit - 1 episode, 2006 ; House M.D. – 1 episode, 2006 ; Battlestar Galactica – 2 episodes, 2006 ; Battlestar Galactica: Razor – TV movie ; Criminal Minds – 18 episodes, 2005-2016 ; Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles – 1 episode, 2008 ; Dollhouse – 2 episodes, 2009 ; Breaking Bad –

This is a document about The Johnny and Inel Show
  The first series consisted of 13 episodes, running from 15 January 2013 to 9 April 2013. The second series also consisted of 13 episodes and ran from 24 February 2014 to 23 March 2014.

This is a document about Halifax f.p.
  Note: Episode 2 was aired after 3.

The second season of "Taken" consists of 12 episodes.


Question: which house in the english parliament is considered to be the lower house

Answer: House of Commons

This is a document about Parliament
 United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, Parliament consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Monarch. The House of Commons is composed of 650 (soon to be 600) members who are directly elected by British citizens to represent single-member constituencies. The leader of a Party that wins more than half the seats, or less than half but is able to gain the support of smaller parties to achieve a majority in the house is invited by the Monarch to form a government. The House of Lords is a body of long-serving, unelected members: Lords Temporal –

This is a document about Parliament of Scotland
 parliamentary historians. Regardless, the term used for the assembled members continued to be "the Three Estates". A "Shire Commissioner" was the closest equivalent of the English office of "Member of Parliament", namely a commoner or member of the lower nobility. Because the parliament of Scotland was unicameral, all members sat in the same chamber, as opposed to the separate English House of Lords and House of Commons. The Scottish parliament evolved during the Middle Ages from the King's Council. It is perhaps first identifiable as a parliament in 1235, described as a "colloquium" and already with a political and judicial

This is a document about House of Commons of England
 and the Bill of Rights 1689 was enacted. House of Commons of England The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England (which incorporated Wales) from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain. In 1801, with the union of Great Britain and Ireland, that house was in turn replaced by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of England developed from the Magnum Concilium that advised the English monarch in medieval

This is a document about House of Commons of England
 House of Commons of England The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England (which incorporated Wales) from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain. In 1801, with the union of Great Britain and Ireland, that house was in turn replaced by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of England developed from the Magnum Concilium that advised the English monarch in medieval times. This royal council, meeting for short periods,

This is a document about Parliament of Canada
 sovereign, the governor general, the provincial lieutenant governors, the official status of the English and French languages, the Supreme Court of Canada, and the amending formulas themselves. Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada () is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the national capital. The body consists of the Canadian monarch, represented by a viceroy, the Governor General; an upper house, the Senate; and a lower house, the House of Commons. Each element has its own officers and organization. By constitutional convention, the House of Commons is dominant, with the Senate and monarch rarely

This is a document about Kingdom of Great Britain
 Irish Parliament. Great Britain and Ireland were formally united on 1 January 1801. The Irish Parliament was closed down. The Parliament of Great Britain consisted of the House of Lords (an unelected upper house of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal) and the House of Commons, the lower chamber, which was elected periodically. In England and Wales parliamentary constituencies remained unchanged throughout the existence of the Parliament. During the 18th century, the British Constitution developed significantly. As a result of the Union of 1707, no new peerages were created in the Peerage of England or the Peerage of Scotland. English peerages

This is a document about Legislatures of the United Kingdom
 Members of Parliament (MPs) which are elected using First past the post in single-member constituencies with 533 elected from England, 59 from Scotland, 40 from Wales and 18 from Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is now considered to be the supreme chamber of Parliament. The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom however it is an unelected chamber with all members to the House of Lords being appointed. As of August 2018, there are currently 793 members known as "Peers". The House of Lords no longer has the same powers as the

This is a document about Parliament of Southern Ireland
 as the sole chamber of the Parliament; however the final version of the bill established two chambers with the House of Commons as the lower house of the Parliament. It consisted of 128 members who were styled as being members of parliament and whose presiding officer was to be known as the Speaker of the House of Commons. The basic features of the House were constructed from those of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom which was structured in a similar manner. The franchise was the same as for Westminster elections under the Representation of the People Act

This is a document about House of Commons of England
 House of Stuart came to the English throne in 1603. The first two Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, provoked conflicts with the Commons over issues such as taxation, religion, and royal powers. The differences between Charles I and Parliament were great, and resulted in the English Civil War, in which the armed forces of Parliament were victorious. In December 1648 the House of Commons was purged by the New Model Army, which was supposed to be subservient to Parliament. Pride's Purge was the only military coup in English history. Subsequently, King Charles I was beheaded and the Upper

This is a document about Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
 each province having its own Legislative Assembly, as well as representation in the Parliament of Canada. Parliament for the United Provinces of Canada drifted around the cities of Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec City and Ottawa: The role of speaker began a tradition of alternating between English and French Canada. This tradition carried onto the role of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada. Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the lower house of the legislature for the Province of Canada, which consisted of the former provinces of Lower

This is a document about Parliament of the United Kingdom
 the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons, to form a government. So that they may be accountable to the Lower House, the Prime Minister and most members of the Cabinet are, by convention, members of the House of Commons. The last Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Lords was Alec Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home, who became Prime Minister in 1963. To adhere to the convention under which he was responsible to the Lower House, he disclaimed his peerage and procured election to the House of Commons within days of becoming Prime

This is a document about Dáil Éireann
 Éireann as a revolutionary parliament in 1919 and while it successfully took over most functions of government it was not recognised under United Kingdom law. In 1921 the United Kingdom government established a legislature called the Parliament of Southern Ireland in an effort to appease nationalists by granting Ireland limited home rule. However this body was rejected and boycotted by nationalists whose allegiance remained with the Dáil. Nonetheless, because the First Dáil was illegal under the United Kingdom constitution, the lower house of the Parliament of Southern Ireland, the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, is considered in British legal

This is a document about Quorum
 ruling AK party proposed a referendum to lower the quorum. Nearly seventy percent of the participants supported the constitutional changes. In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the House of Commons has a quorum of 40 MPs, including the Speaker, out of 650 members of the House. There is no need for a quorum to be present at all times. Commons debates could theoretically continue even if just one MP and the Speaker were present. However, if a division is called and fewer than 40 MPs are present, then a decision on the business being considered is postponed and the

This is a document about Edward III of England
 into a bicameral institution, composed of a House of Lords and a House of Commons. Yet it was not in the upper, but in the lower house that the greatest changes took place, with the expanding political role of the Commons. Informative is the Good Parliament, where the Commons for the first time – albeit with noble support – were responsible for precipitating a political crisis. In the process, both the procedure of impeachment and the office of the Speaker were created. Even though the political gains were of only temporary duration, this parliament represented a watershed in English political

This is a document about House of Commons of Canada
 to use the name "House of Commons" for a lower house of parliament. The House of Commons came into existence in 1867, when the British Parliament passed the British North America Act, uniting the Province of Canada (which was separated into Quebec and Ontario), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single federation called the Dominion of Canada. The new Parliament of Canada consisted of the Queen (represented by the Governor General, who also represented the Colonial Office), the Senate and the House of Commons. The Parliament of Canada was based on the Westminster model (that is, the model of

This is a document about Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
 Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. The presiding officer in the upper house is the President of the Senate. The office of Speaker was created by section 35 of the Constitution of Australia. The authors of the Constitution intended that the House of Representatives should as nearly as possible be modelled on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Speaker is the presiding officer of House of Representatives debates, determining which members may

This is a document about Bundestag
 Bundestag The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament. It can be compared to the lower house of parliament along the lines of the United States House of Representatives, the Irish Dáil Éireann or the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, with the Bundesrat, though a separate institution, having a similar role to the upper house of a bicameral parliament. The Bundestag was established by chapter III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Constitution) in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag.

This is a document about Australian Senate
 it was enacted before the confrontation in 1909 in Britain between the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which ultimately resulted in the restrictions placed on the powers of the House of Lords by the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949. In practice, however, most legislation (except for private member's bills) in the Australian Parliament is initiated by the Government, which has control over the lower house. It is then passed to the Senate, which has the opportunity to amend the bill, pass or reject it. In the majority of cases, voting takes place along party lines, although there

This is a document about William Dell
 William Dell William Dell (c. 1607–1669) was an English clergyman, Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from 1649 to 1660, and prominent radical Parliamentarian. Dell was born at Bedfordshire, England, and was an undergraduate at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, taking an M.A. in 1631. He became a chaplain in the New Model Army, which brought radical ministry with it. Dell's 1646 sermon to the lower house in Parliament, following a controversial one to the House of Lords, was too extreme, and the House of Commons reprimanded him; it attacked the Westminster Assembly, spoke up for the poor, and told the

This is a document about Parliament House, Hobart
 by having appointed members, the House of Assembly mirrored the House of Commons in being an entirely elected body. This meant that whilst the Legislative Council became the Upper House, the House of Assembly became the Lower House, where new bills were to be drafted and first debated, before being passed upwards to the Legislative Council. This system still operates today. Initially it consisted of 30 members from 24 electoral districts, with each district represented by one member, expect Hobart which had five members, and Launceston which had two members. Upon federation, the House of Assembly was reduced to 30

The House of Commons is considered to be the lower house in the English parliament.


Question: who is the winner of rising stars season 2

Answer: Hemant Brijwasi

This is a document about Rising Star India (season 2)
 live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, "Rising Star" features a cast of celebrity

This is a document about Rising Star India (season 2)
 will move on to compete for the "Ticket To Finale". The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round. The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4. The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round. Rising Star India (season 2) Rising Star is

This is a document about Rising Star Indonesia (season 2)
  The second season of Rising Star Indonesia an Indonesian reality singing television competition aired on RCTI. Judika, Anang Hermansyah, Ariel "Noah" and Rossa are appointed as the experts. Boy William, Nirina Zubir and Robby Purba are appointed as hosts. The winner of which receives a 1 billion rupiahs recording contract with Hits Record. The second season aired on 12 December 2016 and is produced by RCTI in-house production and led by Fabian Dharmawan. This season, the competition was won by Andmesh Kamaleng after received 80 percent in the final round.

This is a document about Rising Star (Indian season 2)
  Rising Star is the second Indian version of the international franchise series Rising Star, a reality television singing competition. This is first time when Rising Star does not come with any present sponsor. This season earlier had an age limit of 4–13 years but when singers more than 13 years of age came for audition, the channel decided to change the age limit to 4 years and above. It is based on the Israeli singing competition HaKokhav HaBa (meaning The Next Star) created by Keshet Broadcasting Ltd. The program format lets the viewers vote for contestants live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi.

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 Winners: Rising Stars

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 2017 ; Himself ; Rising Star ; Won Won

This is a document about Rising Star (Indian TV series)
 Color key Shankar Mahadevan ; Monali Thakur ; Neeti Mohan ; Diljit Dosanjh Bannet Dosanjh became India's first Rising Star, winning Rs. 20 lakhs and the opportunity to sing in a movie under Vishesh Films banner. Maithili Thakur and Ankita Kundu were declared the first and second runners up respectively. ; Hemant Brijvasi was adjudged as the winner of the second season. Rohanpreet Singh and Vishnumaya Ramesh were the first and second runners up respectively. ; Aftab Singh was adjudged as the winner of the third season. Diwakar Sharma and Sanjay Satish were the first and second runners up respectively.

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 Tianda Flegel - winner of the second season of The Next Star.

This is a document about Korea's Next Top Model (season 2)
  Korea's Next Top Model, season 2 (or Do-jeon Supermodel Korea, season 2) is the second season of the Korean reality television show in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of Korea's Next Top Model and a chance to start their career in the modelling industry. This season featured fifteen contestants in its final cast. The prizes for this season included: A cash prize of 100,000,000 Korean won, a cover shoot and editorial in W Magazine Korea, a contract with SK-II and a modelling contract with ESteem Entertainment. The winner of the competition was 17-year-old Jin Jung-sun.

This is a document about Tawag ng Tanghalan
  The second season premiered on June 12, 2017. For this season, the competition was also opened for global Filipino contenders from different parts of the world. Rey Valera returned as Head Judge, while Gary Valenciano was added to the judging panel. The season concluded on June 2, 2018 at Aliw Theater in Pasay. Janine Berdin from Visayas emerged as the second grand champion, taking home an ultimate vacation package from 2GO Travel, music gadgets package from JB Music, business package from Siomai House, premium television sets from HKTV, talent management contract, a brand new house and lot from Camella, a trophy and ₱2,000,000 from Nescafé Creamy White. Ato Arman of Mindanao was declared second placer, while Steven Paysu of North America finished at third place.

This is a document about Sweet Adelines International quartet competitions, 2010–2019
  The 2018 competition semifinal was held on October 17, and the final on October 19, at The Dome at America's Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The winners, ClassRing, had obtained second place the previous year and had won the 2014 Rising Star competition. Second place was won by Viva! who had qualified with a record score of 715. Neon Lights, Boston Accent, Glow, Finesse, GQ, and Legacy quartet qualified and were to compete as contestants number 2, 14, 16, 36, 39, and 44 but withdrew from the competition before it began. Therefore subsequent contestants competed in those places but retain their original contestant numbers.

This is a document about Rising Star Indonesia
  other finalists. In the first stage, Bluesmates got the lowest voting and failed to get into the next stage. In the second half, the results of voting of the first and second appearance Ghaitsa accumulated and get the lowest number of votes which would automatically qualify for the next stage. In the final round, Indah and Hanin must compete to get the highest voting. By singing the song Animals from Maroon 5 in the first round, Man Down from Rihanna in the second half and the victory song, Come N Love Me at the end of the round, Indah Nevertari got the highest number of votes and became the champion of the first season of Rising Star Indonesia. Season 2 began

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  Season 2 aired on Global. The winner of the season was Sunny Fong, winning the cover and a feature spread in ELLE Canada with winning model Victoria, a professional portfolio photo shoot courtesy of L'Oréal Paris, a 'Runway to Retail' business mentorship with Winners, and $100,000 to start his own fashion line.

This is a document about Show Me the Money 777
  advance further to the Fight Money Battle Round. Member of Team YAYA crew. Eliminated in the Fight Money Battle Round. She became the first female artist to sign with Hi-Lite Records after the show ended. ; Jo Woo-jin : Rapper who previously participated in season 2. He dissed judge/producer Swings, who was also a participant in season 2, through a track titled "Switch" in 2017. At the Rapper Selection Round, he volunteered to be judged by Swings. Swings was upset upon seeing him due to this issue, but then passed him after his rap, saying that he has improved his rapping skills. He

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  the hip hop group Epik High, relaunching his career after a musical hiatus following his Stanford controversy. Tablo's band Epik High later transitioned into the record label following his success. Yang's increased involvement on competitive reality television series led to several record deals with contestants, starting with K-pop Star’s first season runner-up Lee Hi. Other participants on the show were signed as potential members of the label's future boy groups. On the second season of the show, both the winners, sibling duo Akdong Musician as well as runner-up Bang Ye-dam, signed under the agency. Additionally, the reality program Win: Who is Next was later launched by YG, in which two teams of male trainees competed against each other for

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  Season 2 premiered February 22, 2020, on Universal Kids. It was filmed in summer 2019. Paralympian Victoria Arlen replaced Hernandez as on-course reporter. Iseman and Gbajabiamila returned as color commentators. More than 140 children competed this season. Among the competitors for Season 2 was the son of U.S. Olympic gold medalist gymnast Dominique Moceanu, Vincent Canales. Like season 1, it was licensed in Canada by the Family channel. The winners were Nathanael Honvou (Ages 9+10), Jack David (Ages 11+12) and Vance Walker (Ages 13+14). With his defeat of Kaden Lebsack in the championship round, Vance Walker became the first reigning champion of American Ninja Warrior Junior. (Ages 9+10) 2nd 3rd and 4th

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  The second season of the Kitchen Super Star (season 2) (கிச்சன் சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் 2) aired from 27 April 2014 on every Saturday at 8:00PM (IST). The finalists were Harita, Susan, Priya and Sindhu Shyam. The winner of the show is Sindhu Shyam.

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  The contestants for the second series were:

This is a document about List of Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman episodes
 Season 2 Champion: Mike ; 2nd Place: Willie ; 3rd Place: Bridget ; 4th Place: Rosario ; 5th Place: Madi ; 6th Place: Nina

Hemant Brijwasi won Rising Star Season 2.