Question: who is the head of the federal bureau of prisons

Answer: Hugh Hurwitz

This is a document about Federal Bureau of Prisons
 Federal Bureau of Prisons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the United States branch of the government responsible for the custody, control, and care of the inmate in the United States. The BOP also holds inmates who have committed felonies in Washington, D.C. The BOP is also responsible for carrying out all judicially ordered federal executions (other than those carried out under military law) in the United States. Currently, the Bureau of Prisons is headed by Hugh Hurwitz, who is the current acting director. Mark S. Inch held the post from September 2017 until May 2018. The Federal Prison

This is a document about Kathleen Hawk Sawyer
  On December 4, 1992, Hawk Sawyer was appointed the director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons by William Barr, the Attorney General at the time. While director, she focused her efforts on reducing recidivism by giving more opportunities for education and employment to prisoners. She also sought to offer secondary education at every federal institution, and substance abuse programs. Hawk Sawyer retired from the position in 2003. On August 19, 2019, Barr re-appointed her as director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons as part of a shake-up following the death of Jeffrey Epstein.

This is a document about Kathleen Hawk Sawyer
  Kathleen Hawk Sawyer was the first female director of the United States Federal Bureau of Prisons. She served as director between 1992 and 2003. On August 19, 2019, Attorney General William Barr re-appointed her as director of the Bureau of Prisons. She left this role on February 25, 2020.

This is a document about Federal Bureau of Prisons
  The current director of the Bureau of Prisons is Michael Carvajal. As of 2020, 62.5% of Bureau employees are white, 21.3% are black, 12.6% are Hispanic, 2.3% are Asian and 1.3% are Native American. 72% are male. There is roughly one corrections officer for every 10 prisoners. All Bureau employees undergo 200 hours of formal training in their first year of employment and an additional 120 hours of training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia.

This is a document about Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
  The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States' primary federal law enforcement agency, and is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The FBI Director is appointed for a single 10-year term by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The FBI is an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ), and thus the Director reports to the Attorney General of the United States. The Director briefed the President on any issues that arose from within the FBI until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted following the September 11 attacks. Since then, the Director reports in an additional capacity to the Director of National Intelligence, as the FBI is also part of the United States Intelligence Community. The current director is Christopher A. Wray, who assumed the role on August 2, 2017, after being confirmed by the United States Senate, taking over from Acting Director Andrew McCabe after the dismissal of former Director James Comey by President Donald Trump.

This is a document about Mark S. Inch
  Mark Sherwin Inch is a retired United States Army major general who served as the 9th Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. He resigned from that position on May 18, 2018. U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions named Inch to head the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the Department of Justice (DOJ) on August 1, 2017. Inch, who also holds degrees in geography and archaeology, had supervised prisons of the United States Army for two years. Inch assumed office as Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons on September 18, 2017. On January 3, 2019, Governor-elect Ron DeSantis of Florida announced that Inch would head the Florida Department of Corrections. On May 2, 2019, Inch was confirmed by the Florida Senate as the Secretary of Corrections. November 19, 2021 Inch announced his retirement and was replaced by Deputy Secretary Ricky Dixon.

This is a document about Charles E. Samuels Jr.
  Charles E. Samuels Jr. (born June 7, 1966) is the 8th and former director of the United States Federal Bureau of Prisons, and the first African-American to be appointed to that post. He is a graduate of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where he received his B.S. in Criminal Justice in 1987 and in 2012 received the school's Distinguished Alumni Achievement Award. As director, he was responsible for the oversight and management of the Bureau of Prisons, which employs more than 39,000 staff and confines over 200,000 inmates under jurisdiction of the agency. As a career public administrator, he was appointed director of the federal agency on December 21, 2011 by Attorney General Eric Holder, and is the eighth director since the BOP's establishment in 1930.

This is a document about Incarceration in the United States
  The Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice, is responsible for the administration of United States federal prisons.

This is a document about List of University of Chicago Law School alumni
 Mary Azcuenaga (1973), Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission (1984–1998) ; Pat Cipollone (1991), 39th White House Counsel (2018–2021) ; James Comey (1985), 7th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (2013–2017); also 31st U.S. Deputy Attorney General (2003–2005) ; Douglas M. Costle (1964), Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (1977–1981) ; Harold L. Ickes (1907), 32nd Secretary of the Interior (1933–1946); also High Commissioner to the Philippines (1942–1945) ; Kevin McAleenan (1998), United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2019); also Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (2017–2019) ; Abner Mikva (1951), 27th White House Counsel (1994–1995); also Judge and later Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1979–1994); and recipient of Presidential Medal of Freedom (2014) ; Lisa Monaco (1997), 39th U.S. Deputy Attorney General (2021–present), 6th U.S. Homeland Security Advisor (2013–2017), and Assistant Attorney General for National Security (2011–2013) ; Abraham Ribicoff (1933), 4th Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (1961–1962); also U.S. Senator (D-Connecticut) (1963–1981) and 80th Governor of Connecticut (1955–1961) ; Eugene Scalia (1990), 28th United States Secretary of Labor (2019–2021)

This is a document about Federal Bureau of Prisons
   The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Justice responsible for the care, custody, and control of incarcerated individuals.

This is a document about Guantanamo Bay detention camp
  Correctional Center from Illinois for $165 million. An administration official said the deal was to address overcrowding issues, and Thomson would not be used to house any Guantánamo detainees, which the official noted was prohibited by law. "The entire facility will house only [Bureau of Prison] inmates (up to 2,800) and be operated solely by BOP. Specifically, it will be used for administrative maximum security inmates and others who have proven difficult to manage in high-security institutions," said the official, who asked not to be named. This statement was echoed in letter from U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder. "I have

This is a document about Death of Jeffrey Epstein
  rigor of our criminal justice system has been marred by this apparent oversight." On August 13, Nebraska senator Ben Sasse, the chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, wrote a letter to Attorney General Barr urging him to "rip up" the 2008 non-prosecution deal for Epstein and his co-conspirators. Sasse argued that the Justice Department must bring Epstein's co-conspirators to justice, despite his death, and added, "This crooked deal cannot stand." On August 19, Barr replaced the BOP director with former director Kathleen Hawk Sawyer. Sasse praised the move. "For them to pull him off suicide watch is shocking," Cameron Lindsay, a former warden at three federal facilities, told NBC News. "For someone this high-profile, with these allegations and this

This is a document about Robert Mueller
  Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7, 1944) is an American lawyer and government official who served as the sixth director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 2001 to 2013. A graduate of Princeton University and New York University, Mueller served as a Marine Corps officer during the Vietnam War, receiving a Bronze Star for heroism and a Purple Heart. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia School of Law. Mueller is a registered Republican in Washington, D.C., and was appointed and reappointed to Senate-confirmed positions by presidents George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. Mueller has served both in government and private practice. He

This is a document about Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)
  authorization". Trump responded by attacking Wray by name on Twitter. Attorney General William Barr rejected the OIG's key conclusion and continued to assert that the FBI's investigation into Trump was unjustified. James Comey, the director of the FBI who oversaw the Trump-Russia investigation and was fired in May 2017 by Trump, acknowledged the "significant mistakes" identified by the inspector general, but staunchly defended the FBI and criticized Trump's attacks on investigators. In an op-ed published in the Washington Post, Comey wrote: "the truth is finally out,... and those who smeared the FBI are due for an accounting" and called upon Attorney General Barr to "acknowledge the facts" and "stop acting like a Trump spokesperson."

This is a document about Dismissal of James Comey
   James Comey, the seventh Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), was fired by U.S. President Donald Trump on May 9, 2017. Comey had been criticized in 2016 for his handling of the FBI's investigation of the Hillary Clinton email controversy and in 2017 for the FBI's investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections as it related to alleged collusion with Trump's presidential campaign. Trump dismissed Comey by way of a termination letter in which he stated that he was acting on the recommendation of Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein. In the following

This is a document about Andrew McCabe
  Andrew George McCabe (born March 18, 1968 ) is an American attorney who served as the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from February 2016 to January 2018. McCabe joined the FBI as a special agent in 1996 and served with the bureau's SWAT team. He became a supervisory special agent in 2003 and held management positions of increasing responsibility until he was appointed Deputy Director of the FBI in February 2016. From May 9, 2017, to August 2, 2017, McCabe served as the Acting Director of the FBI following James Comey's dismissal by then-President Donald Trump.

This is a document about Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China
  The Ministry of Justice Bureau of Prison Administration (司法部监狱管理局) operates national prisons in China. As of 2015 Liu Zhenyu (刘振宇) is the head of the department.

This is a document about Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud
 Christopher A. Wray, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (2017–present)

This is a document about Jeffrey Epstein
  Attorney General Barr ordered an investigation by the Department of Justice Inspector General in addition to the investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, saying that he was "appalled" by Epstein's death in federal custody. Two days later Barr said there had been "serious irregularities" in the prison's handling of Epstein, promising "We will get to the bottom of what happened, and there will be accountability." On August 14, 2019, Manhattan federal court Judge Richard M. Berman, who was overseeing Epstein's criminal case, wrote to the Metropolitan Correctional Center warden Lamine N'Diaye inquiring as to whether an investigation into the millionaire's apparent suicide would include a probe into his prior (July 23) injuries. Judge

The current head of the Federal Bureau of Prisons is Hugh Hurwitz, who was appointed by Attorney General William Barr in 2019.


Question: what 's the highest minimum wage in the united states

Answer: $11.00 per hour

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
 through automatic adjustments, while increases in 11 other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Beginning in January 2017, Massachusetts and Washington state have the highest minimum wages in the country, at $11.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. Some large employers in the traditionally low-paying retail sector have declared an internal minimum wage. As of 2018: Jobs that a minimum wage is most likely to directly affect are those that pay close to the minimum. According to the May 2006 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the four

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
  In the United States, different states are able to set their own minimum wages independent of the federal government. When the state and federal minimum wage differ the higher wage prevails. there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. Washington, D.C., and New York City have the highest minimum wage at $15.00 per hour. The minimum wage in New Jersey is $12.00 an hour as of January 1, 2021, but will be raised a dollar a year until 2024 when it will be $15. Massachusetts's minimum wage is $13.50 per hour. In recent years, multiple state legislatures have enacted state preemption laws which prohibit local governments from setting

This is a document about Minimum wage law
  has the third highest at $11.25 per hour. Then New York (state) and Colorado with $11.10 per hour. The next highest state wage rates are in Arizona, California, and Maine at $11.00 per hour, and then Vermont at $10.78 per hour. In addition to federal and state minimum wage laws, the US also has citywide minimum wage laws ($15.59 in San Francisco). According to the Economic Policy Institute, the minimum wage in the United States would have been $18.28 in 2013 if the minimum wage kept pace with labor productivity. To adjust for increased rates of worker productivity in the United States, raising the minimum wage to $22 (or more) an hour has been presented.

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
  As of October 2016, there have been 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2014 to 2015, nine states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in 11 other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Beginning in January 2019, Washington D.C has the highest minimum wages in the country, at $14.00 per hour. New York City's minimum wage for companies with 11 or more employees became $15.00 per hour on December 31, 2018. On the same day, NYC's hourly minimum wage for companies with 10 or fewer employees became $13.50. The minimum wage in Illinois will reach $15 per hour by 2025 with increases beginning in 2020. In the state of Alaska, California, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, same minimum wage are applied for both tipped and non-tipped employees. Tips collected by employees in these states will not offset employer's obligation to pay the wage, and tips is the additional income beyond the wage paid by employer.

This is a document about Minimum wage law
  on July 24, 2009. Nearly all states within the United States have minimum wage laws; Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee are the only states yet to set a minimum wage law. As of July 24, 2009, U.S. federal law requires a minimum wage of at least $7.25 per hour. Just over 5% of all hourly-paid workers (or approximately 1% of the total U.S. population) earn an hourly wage at or below the minimum wage. Washington, D.C. has the highest minimum wage of any district in the U.S. at $14.00 per hour. Washington and Massachusetts have the highest minimum wage of any state in the U.S. at $12.00 per hour as of January 1, 2019;

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
  were 29 states and D.C. with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. This results in almost 90% of U.S. minimum wage workers earning more than $7.25. The effective nationwide minimum wage (the wage that the average minimum wage worker earns) is $11.80 as of May 2019. This is the highest it has been since at least 1994, the earliest year effective minimum wage data was available. In 2021, the Congressional Budget Office released a report which estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 would benefit 17 million workers, but would also reduce

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
   The minimum wage in the United States is set by U.S. labor law and a range of state and local laws. The first federal minimum wage was created as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, but declared unconstitutional. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act established it at $0.25 an hour ($ in dollars). Its purchasing power peaked in 1968 at $1.60 ($ in dollars). Since 2009, it has been $7.25 per hour. Employers generally have to pay workers the highest minimum wage prescribed by federal, state or local laws.

This is a document about Minimum Wage Fairness Act
  StateMinimumWages-USA-20140101.png and U.S. territory (American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), as of January 1, 2014. ]] In the United States workers generally must be paid no less than the statutory minimum wage. As of July 2009, the federal government mandates a nationwide minimum wage level of $7.25 per hour, while some states and municipalities have set minimum wage levels higher than the federal level, with the highest state minimum wage being $9.47 per hour in Washington as of January 1, 2015. Among those paid by the hour in 2013, 1.5 million were reported as earning exactly the prevailing federal minimum wage. About 1.8 million were reported as earning wages below the minimum. Together, these 3.3 million workers with wages at or below the minimum represent, respectively: 1.0% of the population, 1.6% of the labor force, 2.5% of all workers, and 4.3% of hourly workers. Many

This is a document about Unemployment in the United States
  serious damage." The U.S. minimum wage was last raised to $7.25 per hour in July 2009. As of December 2013, there were 21 states with minimum wages above the Federal minimum, with the State of Washington the highest at $9.32. Ten states index their minimum wage to inflation. The CBO reported in February 2014 that increasing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour between 2014 and 2016 would reduce employment by an estimated 500,000 jobs, while about 16.5 million workers would have higher pay. A smaller increase to $9.00 per hour would reduce employment by 100,000, while about 7.6 million workers would have higher pay.

This is a document about Minimum wage
  In the United States, federal minimum wage laws had their origin with the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set the minimum wage at $0.25 per hour ($ in dollars). It has been increased multiple times up to 2020's rate of $7.25 per hour, which was set in 2009. As of 2020, there were 29 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum, as well as 40+ cities with minimum wages that exceeded state or federal minimum wages. This results in almost 90% of U.S. minimum wage workers earning more than $7.25, such that the effective nationwide minimum

This is a document about Minimum wage
  (the wage that the average minimum wage worker earns), was $11.80 in May 2019. The minimum wage in the United States is especially political. Politically, the Republican party has generally opposed increases to the minimum wage, while the progressive wing of the Democratic party, aligned with the Fight for 15 movement, has recently supported raising the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour. In 2021, the Congressional Budget Office released a report which estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 would benefit 17 million workers, but would also reduce employment by 1.4 million people.

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
  for transportation and hospitality workers. Numerous other cities have followed Seattle's example since. San Francisco became the first major city in the U.S. to reach a minimum wage of $15.00 per hour on July 1, 2018. New York City's minimum wage will be $15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. The minimum wage in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., will be $15.00 per hour in 2020. By July 1, 2021 the minimum wage in Chicago will reach $15, with Illinois eventually matching the rate statewide by 2025. Similarly, the minimum wage in Minneapolis, Minnesota will be $15.00 per hour by 2022. A growing number of other California cities have also enacted local minimum wage ordinances to increase the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour or higher, including Berkeley, El Cerrito, Emeryville, Mountain View, Oakland, Richmond, and San Jose.

This is a document about Raise the Wage Act
  The Raise the Wage Act is a proposed United States law that would increase the federal minimum wage to US$15. It has been introduced in each United States Congress since 2017.

This is a document about Progressivism in the United States
  Adjusted for inflation, the minimum wage peaked in 1968 at around $9.90 an hour in 2020 dollars. Progressives believe that stagnating wages perpetuate income inequality and that raising the minimum wage is a necessary step to combat inequality. If the minimum wage grew at the rate of productivity growth in the United States, it would be $21.72 an hour, nearly three times as much as the current $7.25 an hour. Popular progressives such as Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez have endorsed a federally mandated wage increase to $15 an hour. The movement has already seen success with its implementation in California with the passing of bill to raise the minimum wage $1 every year until reaching $15 an hour in 2021. New York workers are lobbying for similar legislation as many continue to rally for a minimum wage increase as part of the Fight for $15 movement.

This is a document about Unemployment in the United States
   Advocates of raising the minimum wage assert this would provide households with more money to spend, while opponents recognize the impact this has on businesses', especially small businesses', ability to pay additional workers. Critics argue raising employment costs deters hiring. During 2009, the minimum wage was $7.25 per hour, or $15,000 per year, below poverty level for some families. The New York Times editorial board wrote in August 2013: "As measured by the federal minimum wage, currently $7.25 an hour, low-paid work in America is lower paid today than at any time in modern memory. If the minimum wage had kept pace with inflation or

This is a document about Minimum wage in the United States
  The federal minimum wage was introduced in 1938 at the rate of $0.25 per hour. By 1950 the minimum wage had risen to $0.75 per hour. The purchasing power of the federal minimum wage has fluctuated; it was highest in 1968, when it was $1.60 per hour. The real value of the Federal minimum wage in 2016 dollars has decreased by one-third since 1968. The minimum wage would be $11 in 2016 if its real value had remained at the 1968 level; it has instead generally tracked the 1960 real minimum wage. From January 1981 to April 1990, the minimum wage was frozen at $3.35 per hour, then a record-setting minimum wage freeze. From September 1, 1997 through July 23, 2007, the federal minimum wage remained constant at $5.15 per hour, breaking the old record. On July 24, 2009, the minimum wage was adjusted to $7.25 where it has remained fixed for the past twelve years.

This is a document about Tipped wage
  Though the vast majority of employers are bound to the federal minimum wage, some states have chosen to increase the tipped minimum wage above the federal requirement. Seven states (and the territory of Guam) apply the same minimum wage to tipped and non-tipped employees. The other 42 states – including those without state minimum wage laws – have a lower minimum wage for tipped employees than for traditional employees, and require employers to make up for any wages that fall below the minimum wage. Hawaii, which has the highest-paid waiters and waitresses in the country (mean wage: $17.84/hour) has a minimum wage of $8.50 for tipped employees. In the state of Alaska, California, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, same minimum wage are applied for both tipped and non-tipped employees. Tips collected by employees in these states will not offset employer's obligation to pay the wage, and tips is the additional income beyond the wage paid by employer.

This is a document about Fight for $15
  California, Massachusetts, New York (downstate only), Maryland, New Jersey, Illinois, Connecticut, and Florida have passed laws that gradually raise their state minimum wage to at least $15 per hour. Major cities such as San Francisco, New York City and Seattle, where the cost of living is significantly higher, have already raised their municipal minimum wage to $15 per hour with some exceptions. On the federal level, the $15 proposal has become significantly more popular among Democratic politicians in the past few years, and was added to the party's platform in 2016 after Bernie Sanders advocated for it in his presidential campaign. In 2019, the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives passed the Raise the Wage Act, which would have

This is a document about Fight for $15
  The Fight for $15 movement has succeeded in several states and cities in raising the minimum wage to $15 or more per hour. In California, the minimum wage has been raised in stages since 2016, starting from a rate of $10 per hour, and will reach $15 per hour in 2022. Several cities in California have already raised the minimum wage to $15 or more, including Berkeley, El Cerrito, Emeryville, Mountain View, San Francisco, San Jose, San Mateo, and Sunnyvale. Massachusetts passed the "Grand Bargain" law in 2018, which raises the state minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2023, after yearly increases from the $11/hour minimum reached in 2017. The state of New York will raise the minimum wage in the Downstate

The highest minimum wage in the United States is $15.00 per hour, which is the minimum wage in some cities and states, including New York City and certain large employers. However, the highest minimum wage for a state is $15.00 per hour in New York and Washington, D.C. (as of January 2019).


Question: who came up with the idea for sgt. pepper

Answer: Paul McCartney

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
 It won four Grammy Awards in 1968, including Album of the Year, the first rock LP to receive this honour. In August 1966, the Beatles permanently retired from touring and began a three-month holiday. During a return flight to London in November, Paul McCartney had an idea for a song involving an Edwardian military band that formed the impetus of the "Sgt. Pepper" concept. Sessions began on 24 November at EMI's Abbey Road Studios with two compositions inspired by the Beatles' youth, "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane", but after pressure from EMI, the songs were released as a double

This is a document about Jimi Hendrix
 prevented from reaching the top spot by the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". On June 4, 1967, Hendrix opened a show at the Saville Theatre in London with his rendition of "Sgt. Pepper" title track, which was released just three days previous. Beatles manager Brian Epstein owned the Saville at the time, and both George Harrison and Paul McCartney attended the performance. McCartney described the moment: "The curtains flew back and he came walking forward playing 'Sgt. Pepper'. It's a pretty major compliment in anyone's book. I put that down as one of the great honors of my

This is a document about Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!
 Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles for their 1967 album "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". It was written and composed by John Lennon with additional input claimed by Paul McCartney. The song is credited to Lennon–McCartney. Most of the lyrics came from a 19th-century circus poster for Pablo Fanque's Circus Royal appearance at Rochdale. It was one of three songs from the "Sgt. Pepper" album that was banned from playing on the BBC, supposedly because the phrase "Henry the Horse"

This is a document about We're Only in It for the Money
 Schenkel photographed a collage for the album cover, which parodied The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band". Zappa spent US$4,000 () on the photo shoot, which he stated was "a direct negative" of the "Sgt. Pepper" album cover. "["Sgt. Pepper"] had blue skies ... we had a thunderstorm." Jimi Hendrix, a friend of Zappa, took part in the photo shoot, standing where a wax sculpture of Sonny Liston had appeared on the Beatles album cover. Zappa phoned Paul McCartney, seeking permission for the parody. McCartney told him that it was an issue for business managers, but Zappa responded that

This is a document about Collapse of Smile
 he started laughing his head off ... But the moment he said it, he sounded very serious." Responding to a fan's question on his website in 2014, Wilson denied that hearing the song had "weakened" him. After finishing "Sgt. Pepper" in early April 1967, Paul McCartney visited the US to reunite with his actress girlfriend Jane Asher and to learn of developments in the San Francisco music scene. While staying with Taylor in Los Angeles, McCartney attended a Beach Boys recording session and played him the "Sgt. Pepper" song "She's Leaving Home", and according to Beatles biographer Ian MacDonald, advised

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)
  well as the song. The group's road manager, Neil Aspinall, suggested the idea of Sgt. Pepper being the compère, as well as the reprise at the end of the album. According to his diaries, Evans may have also contributed to the song. John Lennon attributed the idea for Sgt. Pepper to McCartney, although the song is officially credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles recorded the track in Abbey Road's studio 2, with George Martin producing, and Geoff Emerick engineering. Work on the song started on 1 February 1967, and after three further sessions the recording was completed on 6 March 1967.

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  pop music and recognition for the medium as a genuine art form. At the end of August 1966, the Beatles permanently retired from touring and pursued individual interests for the next three months. During a return flight to London in November, Paul McCartney had an idea for a song involving an Edwardian military band that formed the impetus of the Sgt. Pepper concept. Sessions began on 24 November at EMI Studios with compositions inspired by the Beatles' youth, but after pressure from EMI, the songs "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" were released as a double A-side single in February 1967 and left off the LP. The album was loosely conceptualised as a performance

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  Pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth designed the album cover for Sgt. Pepper. Blake recalled of the concept: "I offered the idea that if they had just played a concert in the park, the cover could be a photograph of the group just after the concert with the crowd who had just watched the concert, watching them." He added, "If we did this by using cardboard cut-outs, it could be a magical crowd of whomever they wanted." According to McCartney, he himself provided the ink drawing on which Blake and Haworth based the design. The cover was art-directed by Robert Fraser and photographed by Michael Cooper. The front

This is a document about Jann Haworth
  Gallery owner Robert Fraser suggested to The Beatles that they commission Peter Blake and Haworth to design the cover for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The original concept was to have The Beatles dressed in their new "Northern brass band" uniforms appearing at an official ceremony in a park. For the great crowd gathered at this imaginary event, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, as well as Haworth, Blake, and Fraser, all submitted a list of characters they wanted to see in attendance. Blake and Haworth then pasted life-size, black-and-white photographs of all the approved characters onto hardboard, which Haworth subsequently hand-tinted. Haworth also added several cloth dummies to the assembly, including one of her "Old Lady" figures and a Shirley Temple doll who wears a "Welcome The Rolling Stones" sweater. Inspired by the municipal flower-clock in Hammersmith, West London, Haworth came up with the idea of writing out the name of the band in civic flower-bed lettering as well.

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)
  In November 1966, on the flight back to England after a holiday, McCartney conceived an idea in which an entire album would be role-played, with each of the Beatles assuming an alter-ego in the "Lonely Hearts Club Band", which would then perform a concert in front of an audience. The inspiration is said to have come when roadie Mal Evans innocently asked McCartney what the letters "S" and "P" stood for on the pots on their in-flight meal trays, and McCartney explained it was for salt and pepper. This then led to the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band concept,

This is a document about The Family Way (soundtrack)
  McCartney and Martin began collaborating on the project in November 1966, shortly before the Beatles started work on their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. McCartney's contribution to the project was minimal, according to authors Howard Sounes and Steve Turner. McCartney composed a brief piano piece, which Martin then interpreted into several variations and arrangements, sufficient to produce 24 minutes of music. At McCartney's suggestion, one of the versions had a brass band arrangement, anticipating his production of the Black Dyke Mills Band's instrumental "Thingumybob" in 1968. Turner writes that, given the film's setting in northern England, the use of a brass

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  Sgt. Pepper was highly influential on bands in the US acid rock (or psychedelic rock) scene. Lavezzoli views it as a key factor in 1967's standing as the "annus mirabilis" for Indian classical music's acceptance in the West, with the genre having been fully absorbed into psychedelic music. Sgt. Pepper is commonly recognised as having originated progressive rock, due to the album's self-conscious lyrics, its studio experimentation, and its efforts to expand the barriers of conventional three-minute tracks. In addition to influencing Pink Floyd records such as Atom Heart Mother, it was a source of inspiration for Robert Fripp when he formed King Crimson. The band's 1969 debut In the Court

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  as his main musical inspiration for Sgt. Pepper, adding that "[we] nicked a few ideas", although he felt it lacked the avant-garde quality he was seeking. Freak Out! by the Mothers of Invention has also been cited as having influenced Sgt. Pepper. According to the biographer Philip Norman, during the recording sessions McCartney repeatedly stated: "This is our Freak Out!" The music journalist Chet Flippo stated that McCartney was inspired to record a concept album after hearing Freak Out! Indian music was another touchstone on Sgt. Pepper, principally for Lennon and Harrison. In a 1967 interview, Harrison said that the Beatles' ongoing success

This is a document about Paul McCartney
  became Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, widely regarded as rock's first concept album. McCartney was inspired to create a new persona for the group, to serve as a vehicle for experimentation and to demonstrate to their fans that they had musically matured. He invented the fictional band of the album's title track. As McCartney explained, "We were fed up with being the Beatles. We really hated that fucking four little mop-top approach. We were not boys we were men ... and [we] thought of ourselves as artists rather than just performers." Starting in November 1966, the band adopted an experimental

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  Beatles posing in front of a tableau of celebrities and historical figures, was designed by the pop artists Peter Blake and Jann Haworth. Sgt. Pepper is regarded by musicologists as an early concept album that advanced the roles of sound composition, extended form, psychedelic imagery, record sleeves, and the producer in popular music. The album had an immediate cross-generational impact and was associated with numerous touchstones of the era's youth culture, such as fashion, drugs, mysticism, and a sense of optimism and empowerment. It is considered one of the first art rock LPs, a progenitor to progressive rock, and the start of the album era. In 1968, it won four Grammy Awards, including

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  song that eventually formed the impetus of the Sgt. Pepper concept. His idea involved an Edwardian-era military band, for which Evans invented a name in the style of contemporary San Francisco-based groups such as Big Brother and the Holding Company and Quicksilver Messenger Service. In February 1967, McCartney suggested that the new album should represent a performance by the fictional band. This alter ego group would give them the freedom to experiment musically by releasing them from their image as Beatles. Martin recalled that the concept was not discussed at the start of the sessions, but it subsequently gave the album "a life

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  he and the band spent an unprecedented 55 hours of studio time recording, "set the agenda for the whole album". He explained: "It was going to be a record ... [with songs that] couldn't be performed live: they were designed to be studio productions and that was the difference." McCartney declared: "Now our performance is that record." According to the musicologist Walter Everett, Sgt. Pepper marks the beginning of McCartney's ascendancy as the Beatles' dominant creative force. He wrote more than half of the album's material while asserting increasing control over the recording of his compositions. In an effort to get the right sound,

This is a document about List of images on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
   The Beatles' 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band has a widely recognized album cover that depicts several dozen celebrities and other images. The image was made by posing the Beatles in front of life-sized, black-and-white photographs pasted onto hardboard and hand tinted. It was created by Jann Haworth and Peter Blake, who in 1967 won the Grammy Award for Best Album Cover, Graphic Arts for their work on it. Blake has said that the intention was to show a new band surrounded by fans after a performance. "I suggested that they had just played a concert in the park. They were posing for a photograph and the crowd behind them was a crowd of fans who had been at the concert. Having decided on this, then, by making cut-outs, the fans could be anybody, dead or alive, real or fictitious. If we wanted Hansel and Gretel, I

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  in the UK and the US were seeking to redefine their own identity and were drawn to communities that espoused the transformational power of mind-altering drugs. In the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, the recognised centre of the counterculture, Sgt. Pepper was viewed as a "code for life", according to music journalist Alan Clayson, with street people such as the Merry Band of Pranksters offering "Beatle readings". American social activist Abbie Hoffman credited the album as his inspiration for staging the attempted levitation of the Pentagon during the Mobe's anti-Vietnam War rally in October 1967. The Byrds' David Crosby later expressed surprise that by 1970 the album's powerful

The idea for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album came from Paul McCartney, who proposed the concept to the Beatles in November 1966. The album was released in June 1967 and is considered one of the greatest albums in rock history. It was the first album by the Beatles to win a Grammy Award for Album of the Year.


Question: who plays amy fowler on big bang theory

Answer: Mayim Chaya Bialik

This is a document about Mayim Bialik
 Mayim Bialik Mayim Chaya Bialik ( ; born December 12, 1975) is an American actress, author, and neuroscientist. From 1991 to 1995, she played the title character of the NBC sitcom "Blossom". Since 2010, she has played Amy Farrah Fowler – like the actress, a neuroscientist – on the CBS sitcom "The Big Bang Theory", a role for which she has been nominated four times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2016 and 2018. Mayim Chaya Bialik

This is a document about Amy Farrah Fowler
  Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler is a fictional character in The Big Bang Theory, portrayed by Mayim Bialik. Amy is a neuroscientist and Sheldon's love interest in the series. She has a PhD in neurobiology (Bialik herself has a PhD in neuroscience), with a research focus on addiction in primates and invertebrates, occasionally mentioning such experiments as getting a capuchin monkey addicted to cigarettes or starfish addicted to cocaine. Amy, along with Sheldon, goes on to win the Nobel Prize for Physics.

This is a document about List of The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon characters
  the final season, Sheldon and Amy publish their work on super-asymmetric string theory and win the Nobel Prize in Physics together. In 2020, a year after The Big Bang Theory went off the air, it was revealed that Kate Micucci, who ultimately got the role of Lucy, had auditioned for the role of Amy Farrah Fowler. Amy makes two appearances in Young Sheldon. She makes an appearance as a child in the Season 2 finale where she is portrayed in a non-speaking role by Lily Sanfelippo. Bialik returns to play Amy in the narration of the season 4 premiere.

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory
  Gilbert returned to The Big Bang Theory for its 200th episode. ; Melissa Rauch as Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz (recurring season 3, starring seasons 4–12): A young woman who initially is a co-worker at The Cheesecake Factory with Penny to pay her way through graduate school, where she is studying microbiology. Bernadette is introduced to Howard by Penny; at first, they do not get along, apparently having nothing in common. They date and later get engaged and married. Although generally a sweet and good-natured person, Bernadette has a short fuse and can be vindictive and lash out when provoked. ; Mayim Bialik as Amy Farrah Fowler (guest star season

This is a document about Blossom (TV series)
  Jenna von Oÿ and Michael Stoyanov were also featured in an episode. ; In the episode "Filibuster" of season 6 of Parks and Recreation, Ann Perkins is dressed as Blossom for Ben's '90s themed birthday party. ; In episode 13 of the first season of The Big Bang Theory, when Leonard and Raj are trying to find a fourth team member for a physics competition, Raj refers to Mayim Bialik as "the girl who played TV's Blossom. She got a PhD in neuroscience or something". Bialik later joined the show playing Amy Farrah Fowler. There is also a reference in

This is a document about List of The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon characters
  Amy Farrah Fowler, PhD (Mayim Bialik PhD) is a neuroscientist and Sheldon's love interest in the series. She has a PhD in neurobiology (Bialik herself has a PhD in neuroscience), with a research focus on addiction in primates and invertebrates, occasionally mentioning such experiments as getting a capuchin monkey addicted to cigarettes or starfish addicted to cocaine. Raj and Howard find Amy through an online dating site after secretly establishing an account using Sheldon's name and information. The site matches her to Sheldon, and the two share many similar traits. Once she and Sheldon meet, she becomes, as Sheldon puts

This is a document about Amanda Conner
  the Birds of Prey and Suicide Squad feature movies. Conner's art was featured in "The Perspiration Implementation", the October 19, 2015, episode of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory. In the episode, comic book store owner Stuart Bloom asks the women for ideas on how to attract more women to his shop, and Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik) points out that an illustration hanging on one of the shop's walls, "Girl on a Leash", may not be conducive to attracting female customers. The image, which was illustrated by Conner and colored by Paul Mounts, depicts a scantily-clad woman being

This is a document about Young Sheldon
  group. ; Nolan Bateman as Keith, a member of Sheldon's project group. ; Louie Anderson as Ralph, the owner of a trophy shop where Mary wants to buy one for Missy. ; Ryan Stiles as Dr. Bowers, Sheldon's dentist. ; Cyndi Lauper as herself, Missy's poster. ; Mayim Bialik as Amy Farrah Fowler, Sheldon's wife and the mother of his son, Leonard Cooper. This role is reprised from The Big Bang Theory. She appears as part of the narration. ; Melanie Lynskey as Professor Dora Ericson, Sheldon's college philosophy professor ; Wendie Malick as President Linda Hagemeyer, the president of Sheldon's university. ;

This is a document about Sheldon Cooper
  for the first ten seasons of The Big Bang Theory shares an apartment with his colleague and best friend, Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki); they are also friends and coworkers with Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg) and Raj Koothrappali (Kunal Nayyar). In season 10, Sheldon moves across the hall with his girlfriend Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik), in the former apartment of Leonard's wife Penny (Kaley Cuoco). He has a genius-level IQ of 187 (in The Big Bang Theory it is said that his and Leonard's IQs add up to 360, and Leonard says his IQ is 173, and in Young Sheldon his mother says that he has the same IQ as Albert Einstein

This is a document about Paul Mounts
  Mounts often colors the artwork of collaborator Amanda Conner, who feels that Mounts is a compatible colorist for her work, as he achieves "the right amount of bounciness or moodiness, depending on what's needed." Mounts' art was featured in "The Perspiration Implementation", the October 19, 2015 episode of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory. In the episode, comic book store owner Stuart Bloom asks the women for ideas on how to attract more women to his shop, and Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik) points out that an illustration hanging on one of the shop's walls, "Girl on a Leash", may not be conducive to attracting female customers. The image, which was illustrated by Amanda Conner and colored by Mounts, depicts a scantily clad woman being held on a chain leash by a muscular whip-wielding masked man.

This is a document about Mayim Bialik
  Mayim Chaya Bialik (born December 12, 1975) is an American actress, game show host, and author. From 1991 to 1995, she played the title character of the NBC sitcom Blossom. From 2010 to 2019, she played neuroscientist Amy Farrah Fowler on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, for which she was nominated four times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2015 and 2017. In August 2021, it was announced that Bialik will host the primetime version of Jeopardy!. After Mike Richards stepped down from hosting the syndicated version of the show later that month, Bialik started concurrently hosting that version as well (sharing duties with Ken Jennings).

This is a document about Amy
  American sitcom The Big Bang Theory ; Amy Fleming Borden, the main character in the TV series Heartland ; Amy Gardner, lobbyist and the First Lady's Chief of Staff in The West Wing ; Amy Gillis, a character in American TV series Clarence ; Amy Green, Rachel Green's younger sister in the TV series Friends ; Amy Grimes, a character in the film Cyberbully ; Patricia "Fat Amy" Hobart, a character from the Pitch Perfect film series ; Amy Juergens, the main character in the teen show The Secret Life of the American Teenager ; Amy Limietta, from the Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha series ; Amy MacDougall, Robert Barone's girlfriend on

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory
  and Sheldon's similarly geeky and socially awkward friends and co-workers, aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg) and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali (Kunal Nayyar). Over time, supporting characters were promoted to starring roles, including neuroscientist Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik), microbiologist Bernadette Rostenkowski (Melissa Rauch), and comic book store owner Stuart Bloom (Kevin Sussman). The show was filmed in front of a live audience and produced by Warner Bros. Television and Chuck Lorre Productions. It received mixed reviews throughout its first season, but reception was more favorable in the second and third seasons. Despite early mixed reviews, seven seasons were ranked

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory (season 4)
  The fourth season received particular praise for character developments. Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx praised the additions of Bernadette and Amy to the cast, writing that "With Amy Farrah Fowler and Bernadette promoted to semi-permanent status, the show is now able to spend large chunks of each episode focusing only on the women, and in the process has made Penny a much more well-rounded character rather than just a foil for the nerds". Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club wrote that "Jim Parsons and Kaley Cuoco's interplay remains the show's secret weapon", and Eric Hochberger of TV Fanatic wrote: "Really though, everything about the main story worked amazing. Mayim fits in perfectly in The Big Bang Theory cast and played off of Kaley Cuoco just as well as Emmy Award-winning Parsons".

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory (season 3)
  The third season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory was originally aired on CBS from September 21, 2009, to May 24, 2010, with 23 episodes. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers. The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch as Bernadette Rostenkowski in "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary" and Mayim Bialik as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler in the season finale "The Lunar Excitation". Christine Baranski was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode, "The Maternal Congruence". Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for the episode "The Pants Alternative".

This is a document about Little Women (1994 film)
  playing first a child and then an adult: "It just didn't work." Among those to read for the role of Amy were the then unknown Natalie Portman, and Thora Birch who had already filmed Hocus Pocus and Patriot Games. In the end, Kirsten Dunst was chosen - Armstrong mentioned in a 2019 interview that "Kirsten Dunst really blew [other young Amy candidates] out of the water". The decision for the role of the older Amy was close between Reese Witherspoon and Samantha Mathis. Armstrong's first pick if the production had decided on casting one actress to play Amy was Witherspoon, "... the very best person we

This is a document about Blossom (TV series)
  of Bob's Burgers, in episode 13 (Mazel Tina), Tammy has a video introduction to her Bat Mitzvah that is a spoof of the intro to Blossom. ; In "A Race of Superhumans and a Letter to Alf", season 2 episode 11 of Young Sheldon, Missy Cooper mentions Joey Lawrence and Blossom when she is trying to pick a boyfriend for her Cabbage Patch doll. Ironically, Missy's brother Sheldon goes on to marry Amy Farrah Fowler (played by Bialik) in The Big Bang Theory. By a curious coincidence, Alf was also a guest star on the Blossom episode "The Geek".

This is a document about The Platonic Permutation
  With Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons) and Amy Farrah Fowler (Mayim Bialik) still broken up and all of his friends busy for Thanksgiving, Sheldon tries to give Amy tickets he bought them to Thanksgiving dinner at the aquarium, but Amy suggests they can still go as friends. Despite initial awkwardness, Amy honestly answers Sheldon's questions about her dating life, and each wants the other to be happy, falling back into their old friendship. Later, Amy tells Sheldon she is ready to be his girlfriend again. Sheldon declines, since getting over her was too difficult, but wishes to remain friends. Amy hides her hurt feelings. Bernadette Rostenkowski (Melissa Rauch), Raj Koothrappali (Kunal Nayyar) and Emily Sweeney (Laura Spencer) drag Howard Wolowitz (Simon Helberg) to a soup kitchen to volunteer for

This is a document about The Big Bang Theory (season 4)
  The fourth season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory, began airing on CBS on September 23, 2010. Melissa Rauch and Mayim Bialik auditioned and were upgraded in the cast during the fourth season as Dr. Bernadette Rostenkowski and Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler, respectively. Johnny Galecki received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode, "The Benefactor Factor". Jim Parsons won the award for the episode "The Agreement Dissection".

Mayim Bialik plays Amy Fowler on "The Big Bang Theory."


Question: who plays the groom in the music video i write sins not tragedies

Answer: Daniel Isaac McGuffey

This is a document about I Write Sins Not Tragedies
 flaw that will be their undoing. What I write are not sins; I write tragedies." "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video. ("The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque. The video starts as the bride, played by Jessie Preston, and groom, Daniel Isaac McGuffey, are about to be married. Her family dress and behave formally, but are revealed later

This is a document about I Write Sins Not Tragedies
   "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" is Panic! at the Disco's first single to have a music video, and the video was published on July 18, 2006. ("The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" was the first single, but no video was filmed.) The video for the song takes place at a strange, circus-themed wedding played by the Lucent Dossier Vaudeville Cirque. The video starts as the bride, played by Jessie Preston, and groom, Daniel Isaac McGuffey, are about to be married. Her family dress and behave formally, but they are revealed later to have fallen asleep and have eyes painted

This is a document about I Write Sins Not Tragedies
  "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" is a song by American rock band Panic! at the Disco, is the second single from their debut studio album, A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005), and was released in the United States as a digital download on January 16, 2006. The pizzicato cello motif that the song is built upon was played by session musician Heather Stebbins. The song reached No. 7 on the US Billboard Hot 100, the band's only top-40 hit until the release of "Hallelujah" in 2015, and only top-ten hit until "High Hopes" in 2018. While the song failed to hit the top 10

This is a document about The Ballad of Mona Lisa
  for the video, shot in Newhall, California in January 2011, nods to Panic! at the Disco's past were present, from a clock on the wall (the main one set to nine o'clock, in honor of their "Nine in the Afternoon" video) to the dusty top hat resting on a church pew and the closing of the church's door (recalling "I Write Sins Not Tragedies"). Urie plays two separate characters, one "inspired by Sweeney Todd and very Johnny Depp," which Urie insists "was all [Shane Drake]'s direction." The ranch at which the video was shot was once the set for the HBO series Deadwood.

This is a document about I Write Sins Not Tragedies
  version. The lyrics "The poor groom's bride is a whore" and "Haven't you people ever heard of closing a goddamn door?" were changed by replacing "whore" with a "shhh" sound and removing "god" in "goddamn". Some stations – generally modern rock stations – still play the original version. The song was covered by Fall Out Boy, fellow Decaydance band, for their live album, ****: Live in Phoenix. (Fall Out Boy commonly uses the song's chorus as a lead-in to "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" in concert.) "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" was ranked No. 3 in Billboards Best 2000s Video poll.

This is a document about Mark Ballas
  and finished in third place. For season 12, Ballas was partnered with Disney Channel star Chelsea Kane. They made it to the finals where they finished in third place. For his choreography with Kane, specifically the Jive ("I Write Sins Not Tragedies"), Viennese Waltz ("Hedwig's Theme") and Waltz ("My Love") dances, Ballas was nominated for that year's Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography. For season 13, Ballas was partnered with reality star Kristin Cavallari where they were the 3rd couple eliminated finishing in 10th place. In spite of this, they retained a higher average than a few couples that easily outlasted them, including Nancy Grace & Tristan MacManus, the

This is a document about Live in Phoenix
  Beyond the band's own hits ("Sugar, We're Goin Down", "Thnks fr th Mmrs", "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race"), a wide array of covers are included, such as Akon's "Don't Matter", Timbaland's "One and Only" and fellow labelmate Panic! at the Disco's "I Write Sins Not Tragedies". "Before watching ourselves on film we never really realized how much we swear", bassist Pete Wentz wrote on the band's blog, by way of explaining the strange title for the release. "It's pretty gross ... though it's edited as to not hurt your little munchkin ears. And as for how to say the name, well any little four letter word will work." The two-disc package debuted at number 1 on the Billboard's Music Video Sales chart. The CD was certified Platinum in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 8, 2008 for 1,000,000 shipments.

This is a document about MTV Video Music Awards
  his singles "My Love" and "SexyBack". The awards were distributed evenly widespread all genres, as hip-hop, pop and rock artists alike all won Moonmen. 2006 was also the first time that viewers voted for all the performer's categories (Video of the Year, Best Male Video, Best Group Video, among others, except professional categories). When Panic! at the Disco won Video of the Year for "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", a man calling himself Sixx jumped onstage claiming that MTV had denied him his own TV show. Hosted by Jack Black, there were also performances by Shakira with Wyclef Jean, Beyoncé, Christina Aguilera

This is a document about The Ballad of Mona Lisa
  The video of "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" was directed by Shane Drake (who previously directed the video for the band's breakthrough hit "I Write Sins Not Tragedies") and produced by Brandon Bonfiligo. The video was released on February 8, 2011, on MTV's website shortly after midnight. In a review of the video, MTV News' James Montgomery remarked, "In a lot of ways, "Mona Lisa" is as much about saying goodbye to the band's past as it is about embracing its future ... which sort of makes sense, and not just because the video takes place at a wake." The steampunk-themed video bears many

This is a document about P. Diddy's Starmaker
 Todd Sarvies - "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" by Panic! at the Disco ; Lauriana Mae - "Mercy" by Duffy ; David Bennett - "I Don't Want to Be" by Gavin DeGraw ; Angel Inez - "Love" by Keyshia Cole ; Jordan Battiste - "Forever" by Chris Brown ; Marissa Shipp - "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis ; Christopher John - "Your Body Is a Wonderland" by John Mayer ; Zach Berkman - "Clocks" by Coldplay ; Lauren Thomas - "Don't Cha" by The Pussycat Dolls ; David Joseph - "Viva la Vida" by Coldplay ; Monet Monico - "Complicated" by Avril Lavigne ; Melody Angel - "So What" by Pink ; Omotayo Riley - "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')" by T-Pain ; Liz Davis - "Gunpowder & Lead" by Miranda Lambert

This is a document about Such Good People
  Producers David Avallone, David Michael Barrett and Stewart Wade cast the movie with actors well known to LGBT audiences. Michael Urie, who plays “Richard,” was one of the stars of Ugly Betty. Several cast members of Such Good People appeared on Ugly Betty, including Ana Ortiz (also from Devious Maids), comedian Alec Mapa (who also appeared in Stewart Wade's film Tru Loved), and Broadway star Kate Reinders. Randy Harrison, who plays “Alex,” is best known for starring in the Showtime series, Queer as Folk. Other cast members well known to LGBT audiences are Lance Bass, (former member of NSYNC), Mitch Silpa, (Bridesmaids), Tom Lenk

This is a document about A Fever You Can't Sweat Out
  synths and roboto drums, which redeems the album's whininess." Kerrang! was positive, awarding the record four out of five stars. Rolling Stone also gave a positive review, with three and a half stars out of five. Webzines like Gigwise and Sputnikmusic also gave positive reviews. The hit single, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", received massive airplay and Panic! at the Disco won "Video of the Year" on the annual MTV Video Music Awards in 2006, beating fellow nominees Madonna, Christina Aguilera, Shakira and Red Hot Chili Peppers. In September 2011, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" won MTV's Best Music Video of the 2000s as well as Best Music Video of All Time based on online voting.

This is a document about I Love the New Millennium
  three wedding bikinis Hotties I Wanted To See in a Thong 2006: Hayden Panettiere (Heroes), Nelly Furtado ("Promiscuous") and Jenna Fischer (The Office) How Gay Was It 2006: Will & Grace airs its final episode after eight seasons on NBC. (Gaydar – 8.5) Video Blog of 2006: Jenna Von Oy on Grey's Anatomy Then and Now 2006: Sylvester Stallone (Now: 2006 – Rocky Balboa / Then: 1980s – Rocky III and Rocky IV) and William Shatner (Now: 2006 – Priceline.com / Then: 1980s – T.J. Hooker) Playlist of 2006: "It Ends Tonight" by The All-American Rejects", "Wait a Minute" by The Pussycat Dolls and "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" by Panic! at the Disco Liar of 2006: James Frey

This is a document about Panic! at the Disco
  video for "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" won Video of the Year at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. "Some aspects of the fame are annoying, but at the end of the day it's something we're most grateful for. It's certainly opened the door to a whole new batch of opportunities," Ross said of the band's newfound fame and instant success. On May 17, 2006, Panic! at the Disco announced that original bassist Brent Wilson had left the band, "posting a statement that was both diplomatic and entirely inscrutable […] yet [failing] to mention any reason why Wilson is leaving

This is a document about Chapel of the Flowers
  Chapel of the Flowers is known for being the wedding location for Dennis Rodman and Carmen Electra, as well as the setting for the reality TV show "Happily Ever Faster" on TLC (TV channel). Ronnie Vannucci, the drummer for The Killers, worked as a photographer at the chapel while the band was recording their first album, "Hot Fuss". Additionally, Chapel of the Flowers has also served as the location on several celebrity occasions, including for the music videos "Last Name" by Carrie Underwood filmed in the Victorian Chapel and "Why Wait" by Rascal Flatts starring David Arquette as the groom and comedian Ron White as the minister. Vegas Golden Knights hockey player, Ryan Reaves, performed a vow renewal ceremony for one lucky couple who entered the "Get Married by Reaves" contest by Chapel of the Flowers. Mogul Richard Branson also orchestrated a publicity stunt where he served as Best Man for a UK couple, with the wedding taking place at Chapel of the Flowers.

This is a document about Nine in the Afternoon
  filmed in a "desert wasteland", but in the writing process, the director made a typing error and spelled out "dessert wasteland". The group decided to adapt that idea. The dessert wasteland shows the band in animal masks. The band members also wear black, red and other colored turtleneck sweaters. The turtlenecks covered up the mask necks and made it seem the band actually had animal heads. The video was directed by Shane Drake, who worked on "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" and "But It's Better If You Do". Many elements of the video relate it to The Beatles. Already mentioned is the Sgt. Pepper attire. The members of the band also each wake up in

This is a document about Rayvon Owen
  On February 14, 2016, Owen premiered a music video for his song "Can't Fight It", at the end of which he kisses a man. That same day, Owen's interview with Billboard was published in which he came out as gay. One day later Shane Bitney Crone, who is featured as the romantic lead in the music video, announced that he and Owen are a couple. On March 3, 2018, they announced they would be getting married, after Crone proposed to Owen on stage at a Demi Lovato concert.

This is a document about Shane Drake
  In 2006 Drake was awarded the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year for Panic! at the Disco's "I Write Sins Not Tragedies". In 2007 Drake was nominated for the MTV Monster Single of the Year for his video for Timbaland's "The Way I Are". In 2008, he was nominated for MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction and MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video with Panic! at the Disco's "Nine in the Afternoon" and MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video with Paramore's "Crushcrushcrush" and also Fall Out Boy's cover of "Beat It". In 2009 Drake was nominated for the MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video for his video for Paramore's "Decode" from the Twilight film soundtrack album. In 2012, he was nominated for MTV Video Music Award for Best Video with a Message for Kelly Clarkson's "Dark Side". "Highway Don't Care" won Drake, Tim McGraw, Taylor Swift and Keith Urban the Country Music Association Award for Video of the Year.

This is a document about Lucent Dossier Experience
  Lucent Dossier Experience lent their style and performers for the creation of music video “I Write Sins, Not Tragedies” with band Panic! at the Disco; the video won Best Music Video of the Year at the 2006 MTV Music Awards. They also collaborated on a video, written and directed by Dream Rockwell, for "Fast Paced World" by Grammy-nominated Winnipeg band The Duhks. The troupe has toured nationally and internationally with Panic! at the Disco,  The Dresden Dolls, OK Go, Emilie Autumn, and Mötley Crüe with Aerosmith. They have also shared the stage and/or billing with The Black Eyed Peas, Beats Antique, KT Tunstall, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Bassnectar, Michael Franti and Spearhead, Kraftwerk, The Jonas Brothers, Flaming Lips, Cyndi Lauper, Stanton Warriors, Devendra Banhart, Rabbit in the Moon, Madness and David Guetta. On

Daniel Isaac McGuffey plays the groom in the music video for "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" by Panic! at the Disco.


Question: what is meant by the budget of a country

Answer: an annual financial statement

This is a document about Government budget
 Government budget A government budget is an annual financial statement presenting the revenues and spending for a financial year that is often passed by the legislature, approved by the chief executive or president and presented by the Finance Minister to the nation. The budget is also known as the Annual Financial Statement of the country. This document estimates the anticipated government revenues and government expenditures for the ensuing (current) financial year. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal and county revenues, while sales tax and/or income tax

This is a document about Government budget
  A government budget is a document prepared by the government and/or other political entity presenting its anticipated tax revenues (Inheritance tax, income tax, corporation tax, import taxes) and proposed spending/expenditure (Healthcare, Education, Defence, Roads, State Benefit) for the coming financial year. In most parliamentary systems, the budget is presented to the legislature and often requires approval of the legislature. Through this budget, the government implements economic policy and realizes its program priorities. Once the budget is approved, the use of funds from individual chapters is in the hands of government, ministries and other institutions. Revenues of the state budget consist mainly of taxes, customs duties, fees and other revenues. State budget expenditures cover the activities of the state, which are either given by law or the constitution. The budget in itself does not appropriate funds for government programs, hence need for additional legislative measures.

This is a document about 2021 National budget of Bangladesh
  The National Budget is the annual financial statement of Bangladesh; an estimate of income and expenditure of the government on a periodical basis. Under Article 87.(1) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, it is a compulsory task of the government. Upon achieving independence, the first budget of Bangladesh was presented by Tajuddin Ahmad.

This is a document about Budget
  A budget is a financial plan for a defined period, often one year. It may also include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities, costs and expenses, assets, liabilities and cash flows. Companies, governments, families, and other organizations use it to express strategic plans of activities or events in measurable terms. A budget is the sum of finances allocated for a particular purpose and the summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them. It may include a budget surplus, providing money for use at a future time, or a deficit in which expenses exceed income.

This is a document about Budget
  The budget of a government is a summary or plan of the intended revenues and expenditures of that government. There are three types of government budget = the operating or current budget, the capital or investment budget, and the cash or cash flow budget.

This is a document about 2021 Union budget of India
  The Union Budget is the annual financial report of India; an estimate of income and expenditure of the government on a periodical basis. As per Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, presenting a budget is a compulsory task of the government.

This is a document about Government budget balance
  "Budget deficits" redirects here; not to be confused with Government debt. A government budget is a financial statement presenting the government's proposed revenues and spending for a financial year. The government budget balance, also alternatively referred to as general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the overall difference between government revenues and spending. A positive balance is called a government budget surplus, and a negative balance is a government budget deficit. A budget is prepared for each level of government (from national to local) and takes into account public social security obligations. The government budget balance can be broken down into the primary balance and interest

This is a document about New Zealand Budget
  The New Zealand Budget is an annual statement by the New Zealand Government that outlines of the nation's revenues and expenditures for the preceding fiscal year and expectations for the next one. It is prepared by the New Zealand Treasury for the Minister of Finance. The Budget is usually presented to the House of Representatives in May.

This is a document about Budget Day
  Budget Day is the day that a government presents its budget to a legislature for approval, in a ceremonial fashion. It only exists in some countries of the world.

This is a document about Federal budget (economics)
  In economics, a federal budget is the major plan for a federal government's estimated future revenues and spending for the coming fiscal year. The federal budget is representation of the financial plan for the goals and activities of the government which in turn reflects the debates surrounding the various economical principles and ideas. It is the main means of the redistribution of the national income and gross domestic product to meet the needs necessary in order for economic growth. Primarily, the government spends a significant amount of their financial resources in the areas of healthcare, the old and young and social security programs.

This is a document about Budget Day
  The Union Budget of India, referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget of the Republic of India, presented each year on the very first day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament. The budget, which is presented by means of the Finance Bill and the Appropriation bill has to be passed by the House before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's financial year.

This is a document about 2020 Union budget of India
  The Union Budget is the annual financial report of India; an estimate of income and expenditure of the government on a periodical basis. As per Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, it is a compulsory task of the government. The first budget of India was presented on 18 February 1860 by Scotsman James Wilson. The first Union Budget of Independent India was presented by RK Shanmukham Chetty on 26 November 1947.

This is a document about Federal budget of Germany
  The primary purpose of the budget is to create an overview of the country's revenues and expenses for the following fiscal year or years. Since the budget is based on past expenditures, it is merely a prediction of the future which can lead to unexpected budget deficits as the fiscal year progresses. In the short term, such deficits are commonly financed by borrowing money which has led to the significant long-term debt of the German federal government.

This is a document about Budget Memorandum (Netherlands)
  The Budget Memorandum (Dutch: Miljoenennota, literally "Millions Bill") is a general explanation by the Government of the Netherlands of the expected revenues and expenses in the National Budget for a year. After the king has given the Speech from the throne on Prinsjesdag (every third Tuesday in September), the Finance Minister offers the suitcase with the National Budget and the Budget Memorandum to the president of the House of Representatives.

This is a document about Military budget
  A military budget (or military expenditure), also known as a defense budget, is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defense purposes.

This is a document about Australian federal budget
  An Australian federal budget is a document that sets out the estimated revenues and expenditures of the Australian Treasury in the following financial year, proposed conduct of Australian government operations in that period, and its fiscal policy for the forward years. Budgets are called by the year in which they are presented to Parliament and relate to a financial year that commences on the following 1 July and ends on 30 June of the following year, so that the budget brought down in May  relates to the / financial year (1 July  – 30 June, FY). Revenue estimates detailed in the budget are raised through the Australian taxation system, with government spending (including transfers to the states) representing a sizeable proportion of the overall economy. Besides presenting the

This is a document about Budget
  The word budget comes from the Old French word bougette meaning "small leather purse", which in turn is a diminutive of the Gaulish bouge for "leather pouch, purse". Its first use in our contemporary understanding of a financial plan comes from the pamphlet The Budget Opened by William Pulteney, which uses the term budget to describe and critique the governments' fiscal policy on wine and tobacco. The common usage of the word "budget" refers to a financial plan by an individual or an organization based on their projected income and expenses. By extension, it also is used in the sense of the amount that individual or organization has available to spend.

This is a document about Government of Spain
  The General State Budget is considered one of the most important legislations that a Government can pass. According to the Constitution, the Government is the only body that can make the Budget bill, although is the parliament who must to accept it, reject it or to propose modifications. If the Congress approves a full budget amend, the budget is automatically rejected.

This is a document about Budget of the United Kingdom
  The Budget of Her Majesty's Government is an annual budget set by HM Treasury for the following financial year, with the revenues to be gathered by HM Revenue and Customs and the expenditures of the public sector, in compliance with government policy. The budget is one of two statements given by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, with the Spring Statement being given the following year. Budgets are usually set once every year and are announced in the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The 2017 budget took place on Wednesday 22 November 2017, and the Chancellor presented the 2018 budget on Monday 29 October 2018. Since autumn 2017 the United Kingdom budget typically takes place in the Autumn in order to allow major tax changes to occur annually, well before the start of the fiscal year. The most recent budget was presented by Rishi Sunak on Wednesday 3 March 2021.

This is a document about Public budgeting
  Public budgeting is a field of public administration and a discipline in the academic study thereof. Budgeting is characterized by its approaches, functions, formation, and type. Authors Robert W. Smith and Thomas D. Lynch describe public budgeting through four perspectives. The politician sees the budget process as "a political event conducted in the political arena for political advantage". The economist views budgeting as a matter of allocating resources in terms of opportunity cost where allocating resources to one consumer takes resources away from another consumer. The role of the economist, therefore, is to provide decision makers with the best possible information. The accountant perspective focuses on the accountability value in budgeting which analyzes the amount budgeted to the actual expenditures thereby describing the "wisdom of the original policy". Smith and Lynch's public manager's perspective on a budget is a policy tool to describe the implementation of public policy. Further, they develop an operational definition: A "budget" is a plan for the accomplishment of programs related to objectives and goals within a definite time period, including an estimate of resources required, together with an estimate of resources available, usually compared with one or more past periods and showing future requirements.

A budget of a country is an annual financial statement presented to the legislature for approval, outlining the anticipated revenues and expenditures of the government for the upcoming fiscal year. It includes anticipated taxes and other revenues, proposed spending on various programs, and the implementation of government policies. The budget is a financial plan that summarizes the intended financial activities of the government and is used to allocate resources and manage the country's finances.


Question: when was the first laptop invented and by whom

Answer: July 1980

This is a document about Laptop
 was the Epson HX-20, invented (patented) by Suwa Seikosha's Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980, introduced at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1981, and widely released in 1982. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator-size printer, in a chassis, the size of an A4 notebook. It was described as a "laptop" and "notebook" computer in its patent. The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1980 at the Sicob show in Paris. It was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by

This is a document about Epson HX-20
 Epson HX-20 The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 in 1981, at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson

This is a document about Epson HX-20
 from an original battery. It can also work with a lantern battery on alligator clips. Epson HX-20 The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 in 1981, at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had

This is a document about History of science and technology in Japan
 units (CPU) at the time. The 7220's high resolution color graphics led NEC to market it as a "resolution revolution". By 1983, it was used in NEC's APC computers, and other computers from Digital Equipment Corporation and Wang Laboratories. The 7220 and its clones led the early GPU market for several years, and was still the best known GPU in 1986. It was eventually surpassed by the more powerful Hitachi HD63484 ACRTC, released in 1984. Yukio Yokozawa, an employee for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Seiko (now Seiko Epson), invented the first laptop (notebook) computer in July 1980, receiving a

This is a document about List of Japanese inventions and discoveries
  Yamazaki invented an integrated circuit made entirely from glass and with an 8-bit central processing unit. JFET (junction gate field-effect transistor) ; The first type of JFET was the static induction transistor (SIT), invented by Japanese engineers Jun-ichi Nishizawa and Y. Watanabe in 1950. The SIT is a type of JFET with a short channel length. Laptop ; Despite that Adam Osborne announced the "first laptop/notebook" called Osborne 1 but it is now called a luggable portable computer along with other protable computers such as IBM 5100. Yukio Yokozawa, an employee for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Seiko (now Seiko Epson), invented the first laptop/notebook computer in July

This is a document about List of British innovations and discoveries
  MIT. The British government declassified the 1973 invention in 1997. 1976 ; M. Stanley Whittingham develops the first Lithium-ion battery, while working as a researcher for ExxonMobil. 1977 ; Steptoe and Edwards successfully carried out a pioneering conception which resulted in the birth of the world's first baby to be conceived by IVF, Louise Brown on 25 July 1978, in Oldham General Hospital, Greater Manchester, UK. 1979 ; The tree shelter is invented by Graham Tuley to protect tree seedlings. ; One of the first laptop computers, the GRiD Compass, is designed by Bill Moggridge. 1984 ; DNA profiling is discovered by Sir Alec Jeffreys at

This is a document about Hewlett-Packard
  the world's first device to be called a personal computer: the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, introduced in 1968. HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Hewlett said: "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared." An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits, and the CPU assembly was entirely executed in discrete components. With CRT display, magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was around $5,000. The machine's keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding machine. There was no alphabetic keyboard. Apple co-founder Steve

This is a document about Apple Inc.
   Apple Computer Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne as a business partnership. The company's first product is the Apple I, a computer designed and hand-built entirely by Wozniak. To finance its creation, Jobs sold his only motorized means of transportation, a VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for US$500 1976. Wozniak debuted the first prototype at the Homebrew Computer Club in July 1976. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips—a base kit concept which would not yet be marketed as a complete personal computer. It went on sale soon

This is a document about List of English inventions and discoveries
  Davies (1924–2000) and Polish-born Paul Baran; it was Davies who coined the term packet switching at the National Physical Laboratory in London. ; 1972: The Sinclair Executive, the world's first small electronic pocket calculator, produced by Sir Clive Sinclair (born 1940). ; 1979: The first laptop computer, the GRiD Compass, designed by Bill Moggridge (1943–2012). ; 1979: Digital audio player (MP3 Player) invented by Kane Kramer (born 1956). His first investor was Sir Paul McCartney. ; 1980–1982: Home computers the Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 and ZX Spectrum produced by Sir Clive Sinclair (born 1940). ; 1981: The Osborne 1 – the

This is a document about University of Cambridge
  the world's first computing system as early as the mid-1800s. Alan Turing went on to devise what is essentially the basis for modern computing and Maurice Wilkes later created the first programmable computer. The webcam was also invented at Cambridge University, showing the Trojan Room coffee pot in the Computer Laboratories. In physics, Ernest Rutherford who is regarded as the father of nuclear physics, spent much of his life at the university where he worked closely with E. J. Williams and Niels Bohr, a major contributor to the understanding of the atom, J. J. Thomson, discoverer of the electron, Sir James

This is a document about Laptop
   As the personal computer (PC) became feasible in 1971, the idea of a portable personal computer soon followed. A "personal, portable information manipulator" was imagined by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC in 1968, and described in his 1972 paper as the "Dynabook". The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) was demonstrated in 1973. This prototype was based on the IBM PALM processor. The IBM 5100, the first commercially available portable computer, appeared in September 1975, and was based on the SCAMP prototype. As 8-bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The first "laptop-sized notebook

This is a document about Grid Systems Corporation
 First portable computer. Marketed almost exclusively to CEOs ; The GRiD Compass 1100, the first clamshell laptop computer ; Patented the "clamshell" laptop design ; First portable to use non-volatile bubble-memory ; GRiD-OS was a multi-tasking Text-based user interface (or TUI) and operating system ; First use of electro-luminescent displays in a portable ; First use of magnesium for the case ; First use of the Intel 8086 and 8087 floating-point co-processor in a commercial product ; Pioneered the concept of a "bus" for connecting peripherals (using GPIB) ; First computer that included a fully functional telephone and telephone handset ; The first commercially available tablet-type portable computer was the GRiDPad, released in September 1989. Its operating system was based on MS-DOS. ; A GRiD Compass 1101 was the first laptop in space. Required special modification to add a fan to

This is a document about History of science and technology in Japan
  "resolution revolution". By 1983, it was used in NEC's APC computers, and other computers from Digital Equipment Corporation and Wang Laboratories. The 7220 and its clones led the early GPU market for several years, and was still the best known GPU in 1986. It was eventually surpassed by the more powerful Hitachi HD63484 ACRTC, released in 1984.  Yukio Yokozawa, an employee for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Seiko (now Seiko Epson), invented the first laptop (notebook) computer in July 1980, receiving a patent for the invention. Seiko's notebook computer, known as the HC-20 in Japan, was announced in 1981. In

This is a document about IHunch
  The first laptop was produced in 1981 but it took more than a decade of development for the designs to approach current (2016) levels of portability and capacity, and hence uptake. Apple produced the first smartphone (the iPhone) in 2007 and the first tablet (the iPad) in 2010. In 2015 there were 4.43 billion mobile phone (cellphone) users in the world, of which 2.6 billion had smartphones. In the US, 45% owned a tablet computer in 2014 and 92% owned a mobile phone; for younger adults aged 18–29, only 2% didn't own a mobile phone and 50% had tablets. A large Finnish cross-sectional study on school-age adolescents published in 2012 concluded that more than two hours

This is a document about List of Japanese inventions and discoveries
  receiving a patent for the invention. Seiko's notebook computer, known as the HC-20 in Japan, was announced in 1981. In North America, Epson introduced it as the Epson HX-20 in 1981, at the COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson HX-20 in North America. It was the first notebook-sized handheld computer,  the size of an A4 notebook and weighing 1.6 kg. In 1983, the Sharp PC-5000 and Ampere WS-1 laptops from Japan featured a modern clamshell design. Microcomputer ; The first microcomputer was Sord

This is a document about History of laptops
  The first laptop was made in 1982 Enclosed in a magnesium case, it introduced the now familiar clamshell design, in which the flat display folded shut against the keyboard. The computer was equipped with a 320×200-pixel electroluminescent display and 384 kilobyte bubble memory. It was not IBM-compatible, and its high price (US$8,000–10,000, equivalent to $- in ) limited it to specialized applications. However, it was used heavily by the U.S. military, and by NASA on the Space Shuttle during the 1980s. The GRiD's manufacturer subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace. GRiD Systems Corp. was later bought by the Tandy (now RadioShack) Corporation. The Grid's portability was restricted as it had no internal battery pack and relied on mains power.

This is a document about ThinkPad
  The ThinkPad was developed to compete with Toshiba and Compaq, who had created the first two portable notebooks, with an emphasis on sales to the Harvard Business School. The task of creating a notebook was given to the Yamato Facility in Japan, headed by Arimasa Naitoh (内藤在正), a Japanese engineer and product designer who had joined IBM in the 1970s, now known as the "Father of ThinkPad". The name "ThinkPad" was a product of IBM's corporate history and culture. Thomas J. Watson, Sr., first introduced "THINK" as an IBM slogan in the 1920s. With every minicomputer and mainframe, IBM installed

This is a document about Epson HX-20
  The Epson HX-20 (also known as the HC-20) was the first "true" laptop computer. It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko (now Seiko Epson), receiving a patent for the invention. It was announced in 1981 as the HC-20 in Japan, and was introduced by Epson in North America as the HX-20 at the 1981 COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas, where it drew significant attention for its portability. It had a mass-market release in July 1982, as the HC-20 in Japan and as the Epson HX-20 in North America. The size of an A4 notebook and weighing 1.6 kg, it was hailed by BusinessWeek magazine as the "fourth revolution in personal computing".

This is a document about Kenbak-1
  The Kenbak-1 is considered by the Computer History Museum and the American Computer Museum to be the world's first "personal computer", invented by John V. Blankenbaker (1929-) of Kenbak Corporation in 1970, and first sold in early 1971. Only 50 machines were ever built using Bud Industries enclosures as its housing. The system first sold for US$750. Today only 14 machines are believed to exist worldwide, in the hands of various collectors. Production of the Kenbak-1 stopped in 1973 as Kenbak failed, and was taken over by CTI Education Products, Inc. CTI rebranded the inventory and renamed it the H5050, though sales remained elusive. Since the Kenbak-1 was invented before

The first laptop was invented by Yukio Yokozawa in July 1980. He named it the Epson HX-20. The laptop was first introduced in Japan in 1981 and in North America in 1982.